Development and design of a dispenser solution - DiVA portal

MASTER’S THESIS2009:170 CIV

Universitetstryckeriet, Luleå

MASTER OF SCIENCE PROGRAMME Arena Media, Music and Technology

Luleå University of Technology Department of Human Work Sciences

Division of Industrial design

2009:170 CIV • ISSN: 1402 - 1617 • ISRN: LTU - EX - - 09/170 - - SE

Anna Brolin

Development and design of a dispenser solution

PrefaceDuring the

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Abstract 1

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2 Abstract

Abstract 3

Abstract

This master thesis was performed at SCA, Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget, which is a

global paper company that operates in fields concerning personal care products, paper tissue,

packaging solutions, paper mass in over 50 countries. Within the consumer tissue area,

SCA wants to expand and search further for potential conceptual solutions, where new

dispenser solutions can offer consumers new products. For the European segment, Zewa

and Edet are very strong SCA brands. However, SCA would like to widen these brands

and fill the gap within the consumer market car and investigate the possibility of developing

a product that fits into this category.

The methodology used for this project was a combination of process of planning and design

and systematic problem solving. Through benchmarking and interviews the consumer

needs regarding the tissue use in cars was identified and used as the foundation of this

project and the product development. Among the consumer needs one repeated wish was to

have a bin bag in the car, when consulting the mentor at SCA it was decided to form a

concept serie with a dispenser and a bin bag. A decomposition of the dispenser problem

was then made to analyse and clarify what components that needed to be looked further

into. The pre-study led to several concepts through several focus groups and brainstorming

sessions and in the end one dispenser concept was chosen that had the most potential for

further development. Since the concept serie should have similar shape throughout the line,

a bin bag was developed similar to the dispenser. The chosen concepts was further

developed and modelled in AliasStudio program into the final details and compared to the

product specification to explore if the concept fulfilled the consumer needs, which it did.

The concept serie was then modelled in UGS NX CAD program and a dispenser prototype

was made. The concept serie was presented to the Product Development and Innovation

department at SCA.

4 Abstract

Index 5

Index

1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 9

1.1 SCA ...................................................................................................... 9 1.2 DEFINING THE PROJECT ............................................................................. 10 1.3 PURPOSE AND AIM .................................................................................. 10 1.4 ASSUMPTIONS AND CONSTRAINTS .............................................................. 10

2. THEORETICAL FRAME OF REFERENCE ........................................................ 11

2.1 ERGONOMICS ........................................................................................ 11 2.1.1 Anthropometry ............................................................................... 11

2.2 PRODUCT PERCEPTION .............................................................................. 13 2.3 HYGIENE ............................................................................................... 18 2.4 MATERIALS FOR HAND DRYING ................................................................... 18

2.4.1 Wet Wipes.................................................................................... 18 2.4.2 Nonwoven .................................................................................... 19 2.4.3 Tissue ........................................................................................... 19

2.5 MATERIAL FOR DISPENSER ........................................................................... 20 2.5.1 Silicone ......................................................................................... 20 2.5.2 Polyethen ...................................................................................... 20

3. METHOD THEORY ..................................................................................... 22

3.1 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT METHODS.............................................................. 23 3.1.2 Systematic Problem Solving ............................................................. 23

3.1 PROBLEM INVESTIGATION .......................................................................... 24 3.1.1 Literature research .......................................................................... 24 3.1.2 Benchmarking ................................................................................ 24 3.1.3 Mission Statement .......................................................................... 24

3.2 IDENTIFYING CONSUMER NEEDS ................................................................. 24 3.2.1 Interviews ...................................................................................... 25 3.2.3 Design of interviews ....................................................................... 25 3.2.5 Interpretation of raw data in terms of consumer needs ........................ 25 3.2.5 Organisation of needs .................................................................... 26 3.2.6. Establishing the relative importance of the needs ............................... 26

3.3 DETERMINE THE ASSIGNMENT ..................................................................... 26 3.3.1 Problem Decomposition ................................................................... 26 3.3.2 Problem Clarification ...................................................................... 27 3.3.3 Function Analysis ........................................................................... 27 3.3.4 Product Specification ...................................................................... 28

3.4 IDEA AND CONCEPT GENERATION ............................................................... 28 3.4.1 Brainstorming ................................................................................ 28 3.4.2 Concept combination table (Morphological matrix) ............................ 29 3.4.3 Focus group ................................................................................... 29

3.5 CONCEPT CHOICE ................................................................................... 30 3.5.1 SWOT- Analyse ............................................................................. 30

3.6 DETAIL DESIGN ....................................................................................... 30 3.6.1 Concept Scoring Matrix .................................................................. 30

3.7 EVALUATION OF THE CHOSEN CONCEPT ........................................................ 31 3.8 VISUALISATION ....................................................................................... 31

3.8.1 UGS NX ........................................................................................ 31

6 Index

3.8.2 Autodesk Alias Studio ..................................................................... 31

4. PRE- STUDY ............................................................................................... 32

4.1 PROBLEM INVESTIGATION .......................................................................... 33 4.1.1 Literature research .......................................................................... 33 4.1.3 Benchmarking and Related Technology ............................................. 33 4.1.4 Mission Statement .......................................................................... 35

4.2 IDENTIFYING CONSUMERS NEEDS ................................................................ 35 4.2.1 Interviews ...................................................................................... 35 4.2.2 Interpretation of raw data in terms of consumer needs ........................ 36 4.2.3 Organisation of needs .................................................................... 36 4.2.4 Establishing the relative importance of the needs ................................ 36

4.3 DETERMINE THE ASSIGNMENT ..................................................................... 38 4.3.1 Problem Decomposition ................................................................... 38 4.3.2 Problem Clarification ...................................................................... 38 4.3.3 Function Analysis ........................................................................... 41 4.3.4 Product Specification ...................................................................... 42

5 DISPENSER CONCEPTS .............................................................................. 43

5.1 IDEA GENERATION ................................................................................... 43 5.1.1 Brainstorming ................................................................................ 43 5.1.2 Concept combination table (Morphological matrix) ............................ 44 5.1.3 Focus group ................................................................................... 44

5.2 CONCEPT GENERATION ............................................................................ 45 5.2.1 Dispenser Concepts ........................................................................ 45 5.2.2 Bin Bag Concepts ........................................................................... 47

5.3 CONCEPT SELECTION ............................................................................... 48 5.3.2 SWOT- Analysis ............................................................................. 48

5.4 DETAIL DESIGN ........................................................................................ 48 5.4.1 The Shell ....................................................................................... 49 5.4.2 Concept scoring matrix ................................................................... 49 5.4.3 Mechanical solution ........................................................................ 50

5.4.4 CAD MODEL ....................................................................................... 52 5.4.3 Chosen concept ............................................................................. 57

5.5 EVALUATION OF CHOSEN CONCEPT ............................................................. 60 5.6 MATERIALS ON THE PROTOTYPE ................................................................... 60

6. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION .................................................................... 62

6.1 FUNCTION ............................................................................................. 63 6.2 APPEARANCE.......................................................................................... 65

6.2.2 Colour .......................................................................................... 65 6.2.3 Material ........................................................................................ 69

6.3 PLACEMENT ........................................................................................... 69

7. DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION ................................................... 71

REFERENCE

APPENDIX

APPENDIX 1- PLANNING AND DESIGN PROCESS APPENDIX 2 – MISSION STATEMENT APPENDIX 3 - INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

7

APPENDIX 4 - INTERPRETING RAW DATA INTO CONSUMER NEEDS APPENDIX 5 – ORGANISING THE NEEDS APPENDIX 6 – ESTABLISH IMPORTANT NEEDS APPENDIX 7 – PRODUCT SPECIFICATION APPENDIX 8 - SWOT ANALYSE APPENDIX 9 – CONCEPT SCORING MATRIX

1. INTR

1.1 SCA

Svenska Ce

that develop

solutions, pu

over 60 coun

SC

SC

wel

SC

tim

SCA Tissue

main distric

business-to-

products, so

tissue segme

handkerchie

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a strong pos

is well place

As the popu

and also exp

new product

RODUCT

llulosa Aktieb

ps, produces

ublication pap

ntries and is d

CA Hygiene Pr

SCA Person

hygiene pro

SCA Tissue

toilet paper,

CA Packaging

ll as container

CA Forest Prod

mber.

e is the world’

cts are Germa

-business segm

oap, dispensers

ent w busines

efs and toilet

re are several c

sition in Germ

d in the Nord

ulation and th

pands. The in

ts that stands

TION

bolaget, was f

and market

pers and pape

divided into fo

roducts

nal care produc

ducts.

e produces aw

, napkins, kitc

produces corr

rboard.

ducts produce

’s third larges

any and the U

ment that deli

s and offers su

ss-to-consume

paper, all use

consumer bran

many, Austria

dic region and

Edit is

traditi

way ba

and h

SCA,

The co

which

on the

e living stand

ntense rivalry a

out and there

founded 1929

s personal ca

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our different b

ces incontinen

way from hom

chen rolls and

rugated board

s publication

t and Europe

UK. The Awa

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er and consist

ed at home,

nds but two la

, Russia and p

the Netherlan

s produced in

on of produc

ack to the en

istory of the

of which Ede

ounterpart of

like Edet is p

market.

ard are rising,

among the ac

e for attracts n

9 and is today

are products,

company has

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nce products, b

me tissue and

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’s largest supp

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titutions and c

t of napkins,

and is sold to

arge ones are Z

parts of Easte

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the town Lil

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nd of the 19th

mill gives it

et Mill has bee

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perceived as a

, the market fo

ctors on the m

new costumers

1. INTRODU

y a global pap

paper tissue

over 50 000 e

baby diapers a

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fs.

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solid-wood p

plier of paper

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oncept that in

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kitchen rolls,

o end-consum

Zewa and Ed

ern Europe as

lla Edet, wher

This tradition

h century. Th

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en a part of sin

rmany is the

classic and re

for consumer t

market develop

s. [Internet 1]

CTION 9

per company

e, packaging

employees in

and feminine

ssue. Such as

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products and

tissue. Their

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facial tissue,

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brand Zewa

eliable brand

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10 1. INTRODUCTION

1.2 Defining the Project

The consumer segment within SCA Tissue mainly offers tissue products and not a

complete concept as with the segment for AFH. Therefore, as the market grows, SCA

wants to develop new products and find a conceptual solution for consumer products and

maintain the strong position in the market with the brands Edet and Zewa. In today’s

market SCA has a gap to fill within dispensers for the consumer market outside the home

such as the garage, car, boat and garden. At first it was decide to work towards all of these

fields, but as the project group was reduced the fields were concentrated to the area car.

This makes it easier to investigate the consumer need since the car section is the largest one

out of the four fields, and therefore also has a lot of potential consumers for SCA (in

Sweden every second person owns a car, according to SCB, Svenska Statistiska

Centralbyrån).

1.3 Purpose and Aim

The purpose of this project was to investigate the need of dispensers holding wiping

products for consumers within the car segment. With this information the aim was to

design a product that both ergonomically and aesthetically appeals to the target market and

strengthen SCA’s leading position. Also balancing quality and effectiveness against cost-

efficiency and offering a new and sensational product that provides an attractive, tidy

environment where possible. The product should also meet SCA’s goal of easy production,

packing and delivery. The result should be presented through sketches, 3D models, CAD-

models with detail drawings, a prototype and finally a technical report and an oral

presentation presented both at LTU and SCA.

1.4 Assumptions and Constraints

• The project will be performed during 20 weeks and will consist of 30 university

points.

• The final concept should be designed to fit and function in several different cars.

• The final concept should communicate the SCA brands Edet and Zewa.

• Target markets are Germany, because it has one of the biggest markets for

consumer tissue and Sweden, because it is an easy accessible market for field

studies

• The project should be presented with a project report that consists of the

development process, recommendations for further development and visualisations

through sketches, 3D visualisations, CAD-models with detail drawings and a final

prototype. The project should also be presented verbally both on SCA and at LTU.

• The project doesn’t need to contain any calculations.

2. THEORETICAL FRAME OF REFERENCE 11

2. THEORETICAL FRAME OF REFERENCE

2.1 Ergonomics

“I design plain truth for plain people” – John Wesley, Sermon 1746

Ergonomics is the science of work; of people who do it and the way it is done; the tools and

equipment they use, the place they work in and the psychosocial aspects of the working

situation. The word work admits a number of meanings; it can be applied to a kind of

activity or effort of some sort or the use of tools. Ergonomists cares for the design of these

tools, the artefacts and the environment that the human uses in general. But by combining

ergonomics with design the human is put in focus. This combination is often spoken as

user-centred design, (figure 1). If an item, system or environment is used by human beings,

then its design should be based upon the physical and mental characteristics of its human

users. The object is to achieve the best possible match between the product and the users, in

the context of the (working) task that is to be executed. User-centred design seeks to enrol

the end-user of the product as an active participant in the development and design process.

It deals with people as they are rather than how they may be; it aims to fit the product to

the user instead of vice versa. [Pheasant, 2001]

Figure 1. User-centred design: the product, the user and the task.

Source: After Pheasant, 2001.

2.1.1 Anthropometry

Anthropometry is the area of human sciences that involves body measurements, particularly

body size, shape, strength and working capacity. There are a few situations in which it is

possible to design a product or environment for a single user; haute couture, tools for

disabled, seats for racing cars. But most of the time the design problems will concern a

population of users that stands between the 5th and 95th percentile (figure 2).

The UserThe Product

The Task

12 2. THEORETICAL FRAME OF REFERENCE

Figure 2. Example of an anthropometric curve.

Source: After www.ergonomics4schools.com

This curve is usually known as the normal distribution. However, it should infer from this

name that the distribution only associates with ‘normal people’ as against ‘abnormal ones.

Instead the curve speaks in terms of the distribution which approaches the wider range of

people and is more useful in practical and convenient affairs. To avoid the possibility of

confusion it can also be referred to as the Gaussian distribution, after the German

mathematician and physicist Johann Gaussian (1777-1855).

Table 1. Anthropometric estimates for the hand

Source: Pheasant, 2001

Table 1 gives anthropometric data for the adult hand, gathered from Pheasant (2001). It

may be assumed that these figures are for a population of British adults since Stephen

Pheasant earlier in the book has references to the British population. The dimensions are

illustrated in figure 3. The ones that are especially interesting for this project are maximum

functional spread of hand (number 19) so that it is possible to grip the dispenser and

maximum spread (number 18) for estimating the sheet size. Both measures have the 5th

percentile women in mind so that the product fits most of the population.


Figure 3. Anthropometry of the hand, as given in Table (dimensions in mm).


Anatomists have made a number of attempts to classify the infinite variety of actions which

the human hand is capable of performing (figure 4).

Figure 4. Hand and wrist postures.


The most basic distinction is between gripping activities of various kinds and non-gripping

activities (for example poking, slapping, stroking etc). The surface quality of an object is

also very important; it should not be so smooth so it gets slippery but not too rough so it

becomes harsh. The frictional properties of the ‘hand/handle interface’ are complex since

the skin is both visco-elastically deformable and lubricated. [Pheasant, 2001]

2.2 Product Perception

Perception is a process where information from the “outer world” is interpreted by our

senses and gives it a meaning. When developing a product it is very important to keep in

mind that people perceive information differently depending on experience, situation and

personality.


Aesthetics

“Aesthetics is the knowledge one obtains through the senses, in contrast to the knowledge

one obtains through the mind.” – Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten (1714 – 1762)

Our way of observing shape and beauty oppose to function has existed throughout the

history of mankind, it can however differ among cultures. This perception does not only

apply to the eyes, but to all senses. This gives the product wholeness or a product gestalt

that the designer needs to be aware of when deciding surfaces and lines, smell, material and

acoustic vibrations. These parts form a whole that have the desired effect on the human

sense, which means that the aesthetics of the design is understood and read by the human

in how to interpret the parts into a wholeness. [Monö, 1997]

Gestalt

Gestalt means that parts of thing can be put together so that it functions and appears as a

whole that is “more than the sum of its parts”. The relation between the elements means

more for the gestalt formation than the elements themselves. There are several factors that

help us consider the gestalt:

The similarity principle means that similar object with the same properties creates gestalts

and is easier to perceive as a whole (figure 5). A remote control with buttons that have

different function can stand out in some way and still form a unit irrespective of their

location on the control.

Figure 5. The similar factor.

The proximity factor helps us to view object that are put closer together as a gestalt (figure

6). For example raster points forms a picture or a remote control were the buttons are

grouped according to function.

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Colour

If the surface of the object is irregular or uneven the wavelengths bounces differently that if

the surface where smooth (figure 6.). This is important to consider when designing and

developing a product. Another essential aspect of colour is that is can affect the expression

of a product, for example white or light blue communicates hygienic, green sends out

healthy and/or environmentally friendly and deep red for power. [Tonnquist, 1995]

Figure 15. Colour (light) reflecting on two different surfaces.

Semiotics

Semiotics is the study of signs and sign systems that is used in the everyday life and

addresses all the senses. When designing a product, the visual sense is dominant, however

when developing a product with ergonomic and technical functions it is crucial to consider

and to communicate with all the senses. When the eye perceives an object the other senses

gets an expectation of how to handle the object. A robust object can be perceived as heavy

and a smooth form as light to lift. A product can not only rely on the technical and

ergonomic functions for acceptance of the owner, the owner has to feel contempt both

physically and psychologically with the product. A semiotic understanding is necessary for

perceiving the surroundings and makes it easier to use the products and more effective

when the product is being used (figure 16). [Monö, 1997]

Figure 16. The semiotics containers.

Semantics

Semantics means matter of understanding the product so it can be fully used and to be

aware of what the product’s message to the market and user is. The message is usually

grouped into four sections: to describe the purpose and function of the product, to express

the product’s characteristics, to identify the product’s purpose, placing, origin, association

and which category it belongs to, and finally to exhort the intended reaction in the user.

[Monö, 1997]

Semiotics

Syntax

- the study of the relation

between signs and the way

Semantics

- the meaning of signs

Pragmatics

- the study of sign’s usage in

different cultures and


2.3 Hygiene

The word hygiene comes from the Greek word “hygies” and means health. Nowadays

hygiene is mostly defined by cleanliness, health and the removing of dirt. Since the hands

are the most common carriers of infections, good hand hygiene becomes very important for

global health. By reducing the risk before touching is the key to staying healthy. To clean

the hands before dinner, after changing cloths, toilet visits, smoking, grocery shopping,

cooking etc. is expected today. [Hygiene Paper, 1997]

Few people realise the importance of effective hand drying. DRY clean hands do not spread

germs. When the hands are 97% dry the available amount of bacteria that can be

transferred is close to zero. [Internet 2]

2.4 Materials for Hand Drying

Within the consumer segment there are many different wiping materials that are being

used today for personal hygiene. The most common is dry tissue followed by wet wipes,

which is more popular in the central European regions but is being used more and more in

Scandinavia as well.

2.4.1 Wet Wipes

Wet wipes or moist toilettes are small moistened papers or nonwoven towels that often

come folded and individually wrapped with a sealed cover for best hygiene and ability to

stay wet (figure 17). Such towelettes are for cleaning or disinfecting. Cleansing and

refreshing towelettes are generally moistened with scented water, while disinfecting

towelettes are moistened with isopropyl alcohol to help cleanse the hand more effectively,

especially when access to hand washing apparatus is limited. Wet wipes have become a

standard part of diaper changing kits but then the wet wipes contains no alcohol since they

can cause dryness and irritation to a baby’s skin. The wet wipes can also be found dispensed

in restaurants, at service stations, along with airline meals, in doctors' offices, and other

similar places. Recently some wet wipes have become more or less flushable which means

that the material doesn’t disturb the water system. [Internet 3]

Figure 17. Wet wipe products.

Source: www.lakewoodconferences.com


2.4.2 Nonwoven

Nonwoven fabrics are according to INDA (Association of the Nonwoven Fabrics Industry)

broadly defined as sheet or web structures mechanically, thermally or chemically bonded

together by entangling fibre or filaments (figure 18). These different manufacturing

methods provide the material with varied strength and weight. The sheets are flat, porous

and made directly from separate fibres or from molten plastic or plastic film.

The fabrics can be provided with specific functions such as absorbency, liquid repellence,

resilience, stretch, softness, strength, bacterial barrier and sterility. These properties are

often combined to create fabrics suited for specific jobs, while achieving a good balance

between product use and cost. They can mimic the appearance, texture and strength of a

woven fabric and can be as massive as the thickest padding. In combination with other

materials they provide a spectrum of products for example disposable diapers, sanitary

napkins & tampons, wet wipes, wall coverings and filters. [Internet 4]

Figure 18. Nonwoven fibres and cloths.

Source: www.germes-online.com and www.redpodlifestyle.com

2.4.3 Tissue

Soft tissue is fine, creped or embossed paper that often is produced in several layers to

improve the strength, softness and absorption. Tissue primarily consists of cellulose fibers

and is produced by a mechanical grinding wood pulp placed in water mixed with glue

additives. This is spread onto a weave through which much of the water can drain. After

the draught the fiber is loosened from the weave and further dried by pressing until the

cutting and rolled or folded process where the tissue gets its final appearance. The most

commonly used tissues are household and toilet paper (figure 19). [Internet 5]


Figure 19. Tissue products.

Source: www.sca.com

2.5 Material for dispenser

2.5.1 Silicone

Silicone is a versatile family of partly organic synthetics that have the same feeling and

appearance as rubber material, the structure is however of a different type. This semi

organic structure makes the material very resistance towards high and low temperatures as

well as ozone and aging. Although silicones are at the high end of the cost range for rubber

and have a bit lower strength than other rubber material, the silicones has an exceptional

fatigue and flex resistance. They do not require high tensile strength to serve in dynamic

applications and have good electric conductivity. The chemical inertness makes these

materials well suited for surgical and food process equipment and some are used as

structural adhesives and seals in buildings. Some products can be seen in figure 20.

[Internet 6]

Figure 20. Silicone products.

Source: www.cnokgoods.com and jililaisilicon.win.mofcom.gov.cn

2.5.2 Polyethen

Polyethen (PE) is an often used thermoplastic material that has good tenacity and chemical

resistance. It also belongs to the lower cost range of the polymer family. There are several

different polyethen, from which the two most frequent used are PELD (LD = low density)

and PEHD (HD = high density). Out of these two PELD are the most common and has

the lowest cost, PEHD on the other hand has notably better mechanical qualities but is

more expensive. HDPEX is another polyethen that consists of cross-linked PEHD. This

material has very good tenacity in very low temperatures. It can be used in down to -100°C

and maintains its form even during drastic temperature changes. The material also has a


good fatigue- and chemical- resistance. Example of products can be seen in figure 21.

[Internet 7]

Figure 21. Polyethen products.

Source: www.ksh.edu and www.renova.se

3. METHOD THEORY 23

3. METHOD THEORY

3.1 Product Development Methods

For a product development process to function well, a structured and organised problem

solving method is needed. This will make sure that no information or ideas are forgotten

along the way. An ordered method helps coordinate team members and eases the planning

and documentation.

3.1.1 Process of planning and design

The process of planning and design (appendix 1 – Planning and design process) mainly

proceeds from the planning and clarification of the task, through the identification of the

needed functions, the elaboration of main solutions, the construction of modular structures,

to the final documentation of the complete product. It is useful to divide the planning and

design process into the following main phases;

• Planning and clarifying the task: specification of information

• Conceptual design: specification of principle

• Embodiment design. specification of layout

• Detail design: specification of production.

It is however necessary to go back and repeat the different phases which will develop the

process and product even more and also to make sure that nothing is forgotten. It is never

possible to draw a straight line between the main phases, for example, the layout might

occur during the concept design or it might be necessary to determine some production

processes in detail during the embodiment phase. [Pahl & Beitz, 1999]

3.1.2 Systematic Problem Solving

The systematic problem solving is a process that translates the raw data into relative

important needs. These needs are later analysed and interpreted to a result that can be used

as a base for further work. The process is divided into five phases: planning, concept

development, system design, detail design and finally testing and refining the product

(figure 22). [Ulrich & Eppinger, 2003]

Figure 22. An overview of Systematic problem solving.

Source: After Ulrich and Eppinger.

24 3. METHOD THEORY

3.1 Problem Investigation

3.1.1 Literature research

Literature research is a good way of getting initial information about the product

development process and a very useful tool when collecting information about the project.

The research includes reading privies thesis reports done in the field area as well as the

company’s internal documents. A part from this, course literature and internet are very

useful sources, it is however very important to check the validity of the information.

Therefore it is best to have several sources of the same area and compare these.

3.1.2 Benchmarking

Benchmarking is the study of products with the similar functionality as the product that is

being developed or has the similar sub-problems. The study can expose the strength and

weaknesses with existing products that solves the same problem. Therefore benchmarking

is important when positioning a new product on the market and also a good method to

gather new ideas and inspiration for the product and design process. [Ulrich & Eppinger,

2003]

3.1.3 Mission Statement

The mission statement can cover very simple and small projects to complex and large

projects. It should include six points; a brief description of the project, key business goal,

target market for the product, assumptions and constraints and finally stakeholders. The

brief description contains the purpose and aim of the project. This is mostly done to keep

the team members coordinated. The key goals include an aim that will support the

corporate strategy timing of the product introduction, desired financial performance and

market share targets. When it comes to the target market there might be several that match

the product. The mission statement identifies the primary and the secondary markets. The

assumption helps to maintain a range so that the project is more controlled, but

assumptions should be made carefully so that the project doesn’t get too restricted and

looses the ability to develop new concepts. The list of stakeholders reminds the project

team to consider the needs for everyone that will be influenced by the product, especially

the end-user but also consumers within the firm that deals with sales, service organization

and the production department. [Ulrich & Eppinger, 2003]

3.2 Identifying Consumer Needs

The first necessary step within the product development process is to identify the end

consumers needs for the product, to ensure that the future product it something that is

desired and needed. The investigation of need-finding can be done in several ways for

example through observation, interviews or finding documents of the matter that can be

studied.

3. METHOD THEORY 25

3.2.1 Interviews

Many great and extensive investigations are being done with visitor interviews. This is

preferable if the questions are many or complicated. The visitor interviews can be

characterised as an expensive method that sometimes is necessary for getting detailed

answers with high quality. Indistinctive questions can easily be explained and open

questions are simple to answer. The visitor interviews tend to take longer time to carry out,

than for example a telephone interview but then the answers aren’t as detailed or

penetrative. There is also a risk of interview effects were the “help” with especially

ambiguous questions have a tendency to get too extensive and therefore influence the

respondent in a certain way. Another disadvantage with visitor interviews is the prestige

bias, certain subject fields are considered containing prestigious questions that can lead to

overestimated answers. [Dahmström, 2005] One of the most evident differences among the

interview methods is visual help that normally doesn’t exist when having a phone interview.

Example of visual help is pictures or figures. [Bergman & Wärneryd, 1982]

3.2.3 Design of interviews

When constructing a survey investigation it is important to know the aim of the survey, to

whom the survey is meant for and how it is going to be designed. These three planning

problems should not be isolated or in a special order, they must be integrated. This is

important since good planning and well constructed questions leads to a better answers and

therefore better results. With a well designed survey the respondent should first be willing

to answer the questions, and afterwards understand and interpret the questions in the same

way as the investigator has in mind. The questions should be formulated as neutral as

possible in order to avoid guided questions. Indistinctness and misunderstanding can easily

be avoided by asking one thing at a time, explaining technical and shortenings, if they at all

should be used. It is also important to limit the number of questions so that the respondent

doesn’t feel that the interview is taking too long and therefore becomes a burden.

[Dahmström, 2005] A visitor interview should not go on for longer than 30-60 minutes. It

is difficult to say the number of questions that correspond to 60 minutes, since it is due to

the dimension and content of the questions. The large amount of information is a factor

that often leads to the choice of survey method; visitor interview. However, gathering

information to the point of bursting becomes a huge temptation by choosing the visitor

interview method. [Bergman & Wärneryd, 1982]

3.2.5 Interpretation of raw data in terms of consumer needs

In the development process the raw data that has been gathered from the interviews is

translated into consumer needs. This makes it easier to see the actual need that the

consumer has and have tried to carry out through the interviews. By using positive phrasing

26 3. METHOD THEORY

and not negative, the subsequent translation of needs into a product specification is easier.

[Ulrich & Eppinger, 2003]

3.2.5 Organisation of needs

After the translation into needs, there should be a list containing 50 to 300 needs

statements, which can be difficult to work with later on in the development process. So it is

better to organize theses needs into a list. The list consists of primary needs and secondary

needs. If the secondary needs are very complex they may be broken into tertiary needs as

well. The primary needs are the more general needs and the secondary are expressed in a

more detailed way. [Ulrich & Eppinger, 2003]

3.2.6. Establishing the relative importance of the needs

Since some of the needs can be contradictious or in other ways hard to meet it is important

for further concept selection that the needs are ranked internally to establish which needs

that are important and should be met. A 2 meaning “better than”, 1 meaning “equal to” and

0 meaning “worse than” [Ulrich & Eppinger, 2003]

3.3 Determine the Assignment

A determination of the assignment can be carried out from the gathered information of the

needs. It is necessary to clarify the task in more detail before starting the concept

development.

3.3.1 Problem Decomposition

Many functions or problems can be too complex to solve as one component. By

decomposing a large problem into smaller sub-problems the smaller sub-problems becomes

simpler to manage by the project group than the larger problem. The same decomposition

can also factor out sub-problems that are already solved and reuse their existing solutions.

Later on in the process, the gained benefits are: a better understanding of the problem and

a more organized and structured idea generation. [Ulrich & Eppinger, 2003]

The first step is to divide the problem into main function groups to obtain a superior

overlook of the problem, these sub-groups are divided further, until it is consider

manageable by the project group (figure 23).

3. METHOD THEORY 27

Figure23. Problem decomposition of a camera.

3.3.2 Problem Clarification

The purpose of the problem clarification is to collect information about the requirements

that has to be fulfilled by the product. The designers must define the task as fully and

clearly as possible so that amplifications and corrections during its subsequent elaboration

can be confined to the most essential. [Pahl & Beitz, 1999]

3.3.3 Function Analysis

Figure 24. Function tree structure

For the product development process the functions analysis is a very good tool to use when

identifying which problems the future product needs to be able to handle and solve. These

functions can be sorted into primary function, sub-functions and support functions. The

primary function is the main function that the product is made to perform, the

sub-functions are the functions that form the primary function and/or the support functions,

without it the primary function is lost. The support functions ease the product’s production,

usage or attractiveness but are not necessary for the primary function. These functions form

Battery

Camera

Flash

Objective Lens shade

Lens cover

28 3. METHOD THEORY

a hierarchy that can be illustrated as a tree (figure 24). When formulating a function it is

important to use words that communicate well such as active verb forms, not “have” or “be”.

Function boundaries specifics the verb and substantive with numbers and/or adjectives.

[Internet 8]

3.3.4 Product Specification

The purpose with the product specification list is to:

• Concretize the problem

• Give a certainty that consideration is taken to all stakeholders, lifecycle phases and

aspects that is involved in the project

• Give all the committed people in the project a uniform vision of the project’s goal.

• Support the search of a solutions alternative and control the choice of solution.

In general terms the specification are suppose to capture and describe all criteria that are

relevant for the product that is to be developed. That is those criteria that were given from

the beginning, those which appeared in connections with problem clarification (3.3.1) and

function analysis (3.3.2), and also those criteria that follows the result by construction

decision during the construction process. [Johannesson, Persson & Pettersson, 2004]

Preparing a detailed requirement list it is essential to state whether the items in the list are

demands or wishes. Wishes are requirements that should be taken into consideration since

they somehow are being asked for. Demands are requirements that must be met under all

circumstances to have an acceptable solution. [Pahl & Beitz, 1999]

3.4 Idea and Concept Generation

3.4.1 Brainstorming

When many new ideas are wanted for development or improvement or no practical solution

has been discovered, the brainstorming method is a good idea. The focus is put on quantity,

not quality and the goal is to be as creative as possible and think “outside the box” to find

new innovative ideas. The participants of the group are encouraged to bring up any crazy or

non-crazy thought that occur to them and thus trigger off new ideas in the minds of the

other participants. This means that the participants’ needs to feel comfortable and speak

their minds, for this there are some recommendations:

• The group should have a leader and consist of 6-8 people.

• No suggested ideas should be judged until after the session, neither positive nor

negative.

• The participants should be encouraged to build further on others ideas to reach

unlikely combinations and solutions.

3. METHOD THEORY 29

• The group should not be limited by experts. It is important that as many areas and

activities as possible are represented. By involving non-technological members the

group adds new dimensions.

• It is important to know that most of the ideas will not be economically or

technically reasonable and those that are will often be familiar to experts and

therefore not so revolutionary.

[Pahl & Beitz, 1999]

3.4.2 Concept combination table (Morphological matrix)

The concept combination table is a way to consider combination of solution fragments

systematically and a way to make forced associations among fragments to stimulate further

creative thinking. By making a table with the sub-functions on every row, a potential

solution to the overall problem are formed by combining one fragment from each column,

(figure 25). [Ulrich & Eppinger]

Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4

Sub-function1

Sub-function 2

Sub-function 3

Sub-function 4

Figure 25. Morphological matrix.

Source: After Ulrich and Eppinger

The main task with this method is to identify the many solutions that are realistic and the

once that only is theoretically possible. It is however important to think about that

eliminating infeasible solutions can lead to reduction of the number of combinations. The

identification of compatible sub-solutions is facilitated if the sub-functions are listed in the

order they occur in the function structure of the product and if the solution principles are

expressed in sketches rather than in word, since it triggers the sense of creativity. [Pahl &

Beitz, 1999]

When using the matrix it is of prime importance that the designer has carefully established

the specifications for the requirement list, otherwise it can get very chaotic. Clearly many of

the alternatives are not compatible but it can still be inspirational to other solutions.

[Internet 9]

3.4.3 Focus group

A focus group is a form of interview, were a small group with 6-8 participants discuss a pre-

decided subject. The participants should have a common feature such as age, gender,

experience etc. The group has a moderator which leads the discussion with the support of

30 3. METHOD THEORY

an interview guide. The discussion benefits from an open and innovative conversation

among the participants which will lead to a creative and inspired result.

The result can be complied through different ways for example by recording the discussion

or taking notes of the most important views that is searched for. This is decided by the

purpose of the focus group. The result can be used for new development ideas or as a

compliment to other surveys for more depth. The advantage with the focus group is that

the participants are sharing their experiences and opinions which deepen the discussion.

The composition of participants and their comfort ability with each other, the moderator

capability of leading the discussion and the design of interview guide are factors that can

lead to a limited result of the discussion.

The most important steps in the design of an interview guide are to have a clear aim and

purpose for the survey, formulate an interview guide, recruit participants and book a

suitable location. The next step is to decide how the survey is going to be compiled and

later on how the result is going to be declared and used. [Internet 10]

3.5 Concept Choice

3.5.1 SWOT- Analyse

A SWOT-analyse is a structured way of estimating the strengths, weaknesses,

opportunities and threats of a projects and/or products/results. Strengths and weaknesses

are evaluations that are valued by the consumer such as the product reliability and if the

technology of the product is advanced, as these matters has an impact on the consumers

satisfaction. Opportunities and threats are trends or events that rules outside the business

and have an influence on the performance, such as the government, world economy or how

the companies competitors are doing on the market. Strength and weaknesses are then

compared as well as the threats and opportunities. It is not necessarily the concept that

scores the highest number of comments on the strength- and opportunity-list that is chosen

for the final concept. What is more important in this analyse is the valued and key

comments that either dismisses or highly recommends the concepts. A SWOT-analyse can

have several aspects, for example technique, organisation, competence, laws, competitors,

contracts etc. [Jobber, 2004]

3.6 Detail Design

3.6.1 Concept Scoring Matrix

To select the final detail design among the generated ideas, a concept scoring matrix can be

used to compare the ideas with each other and to clarify which of the ideas that best

corresponds to the user needs and what preferences to use for further development. The

selection criteria are weighted to relative importance, and then the concept scores are

3. METHOD THEORY 31

determined by the weighted sum of the ratings. The result is comparable figures that are

easily translated into desired performances. [Ulrich & Eppinger]

3.7 Evaluation of the chosen concept

When the detail design is set and the final concept has been chosen it can be a good idea to

evaluate the product by going back and having a look at the consumer needs, function

analyse and the product specification to see that the final product comports with the privies

investigation and to be certain that nothing is ignored.

3.8 Visualisation

In addition to sketches 3D-modeling is a very useful tool when presenting an idea. Not

everyone can understand the whole context of a product by showing a sketch or a 2D-

model, but by making 3D-models as mock-ups and in software programs it is easier to

grasp improvements, faults and how the end products will turn out.

3.8.1 UGS NX

NX is the commercial CAD/CAM/CAE software suite developed by Siemens PLM

Software and is widely used in the engineering industry, especially in the automotive and

aerospace sectors. The models are parametric solid/surface feature-based and are therefore

useful in the development processes when working with product design, manufacturing and

simulation. [Internet 11]

3.8.2 Autodesk Alias Studio

Autodesk AliasStudio is a software program that can visualise ideas through sketching,

surface modelling, and visualization tools. As manufacturing design consumers are

demanding more powerful visualization, animation, and publishing capabilities AliasStudio

can be a valuable tool when developing and explaining ideas. [Internet 12]

3.8.3 Rapid prototyping

Rapid Prototyping (RP) is a technique that quickly fabricates a scale model of a part or

assembly by using 3D-model made in CAD data into physical models. There are two types

of rapid prototyping: SLA (epoxy) and SLS (polyamide with or without glasses). The SLS

method is based on the principle that the machine ads thin layers on a powder bed and

admixed with a binder agent, the result is a powder surface with a low accuracy. The same

manufacturing happens with the SLA prototyping except that the polyamide is replaced

with epoxy. The models can be used to create models for tooling, such as silicone rubber

molds and investment casts, in some cases the prototype can be the final part. When using

epoxy the SLA model has good accuracy as for the SLS model has a higher scratch

resistance and therefore is more suitable when function is of larger priority. [Internet 13]

32 3. METHOD THEORY

4. PRE- STUDY 33

4. PRE- STUDY

The project started by setting up a project time plan (appendix 2) based on a combined

methodology of the Planning and design process and the Systematic problem solving. The

time plan was modified to best suit this project, the need finding methods mainly came

from Systematic problem solving and the main phases were based on the process of

planning and design.

4.1 Problem Investigation

The investigation were made early in the project and formed a foundation which made it

easier to address the problem and the market.

4.1.1 Literature research

Since the area of dispenser solutions within the consumer market is still in progress and

developing, there wasn’t any internal information within the company to be found about

the consumers and their needs in this field. Some interesting internal material was found at

SCA within AFH-segment (away from home) which involves public toilets. However, facts

about hand-wiping market in general and dispenser material were carefully read. Previous

thesis reports done at SCA in the AFH-field were also studied for the purpose of

inspiration but also to gather information concerning trends, project structure and methods.

The information was carefully read and sorted out to get the most relevant information.

Internet was also used as a valuable source to fill the gaps from the initial gathered

information.

4.1.3 Benchmarking and Related Technology

To get an overview of products with similar solutions on the same market and related

technology, internet was searched. It showed that most, if not all, of the personal wiping

systems, are dry tissue systems. However, the dispenser solutions varied a lot, from home

made design to a few brand made solutions. Most of the dispenser solution uses the back of

the front seats to hang their dispensers (figure 26), some uses the cup holder, side door or

just let the product lying free (figure 27 and figure 28).

Figure 26. Dispenser solutions hanging on the back of the front seats.

Source: The images were found searching the internet.

34 4. PRE- STUDY

Figure 27. Dispenser solutions lying free in the car.


Figure 28. Other dispenser placement.


An additional study was also made during the visitor interviews, which took place in the

interviewed person’s car. Information of what was used today as well as dispenser placement

was photographed, as seen in figure 29 and figure 30, and later taken under consideration as

the project went on.

Figure 29. An overview of dispenser products and their placement in the trunk.


4. PRE- STUDY 35

Figure 30. An overview of dispenser products and their placement inside the car.


4.1.4 Mission Statement

In the mission statement, the product description and key business can be seen in figure 31

and the whole Mission Statement can be seen at appendix 3 – Mission statement. The end

user is the most important stakeholder here because their need sets the definition and

direction of the project. Since SCA is the producer of this product and therefore have the

final decision they are important to have in mind too.

Figure 31. Extract from the Mission Statement

4.2 Identifying Consumers Needs

Among the identified stakeholder it was decided to focus on the end user in this stage of

the project, since it is the user that is the potential buyer of the product. It is important to

meet the consumer needs as the identification of the needs that sets the foundation for the

whole project.

4.2.1 Interviews

A questionnaire was created for the interviews in order to find the consumer needs and

usage in the car regarding paper and dispenser (appendix 4 - Interview questions). The aim

was to find out how the situation is today, what kind of paper is used, what sort of

36 4. PRE- STUDY

dispenser solution is used and what is wished for in terms of design, material and function.

A total of 33 visitor interviews, with equal gender, were performed in both Sweden and

Germany. The interviews took place in the car of the interviewed person to get a better idea

of how their car looked like and what kind of products the people where using at the

moment. Being in the cars also gave inspiration of placement, material and what dispense

angles that was good and bad.

4.2.2 Interpretation of raw data in terms of consumer needs

After collecting the raw data from the interviews, the notes where expressed into needs

(appendix 5 – Interpreting raw data into needs). The consumer’s statement was divided into

typical users, likes current system, dislikes current system, suggested improvements. To

avoid loss of information the needs were expressed in the same level of detail as the raw

data.

4.2.3 Organisation of needs

When the statements have been translated into needs, there are almost 50 needs that

required to be organised. First the needs were grouped based on their content, subsequently

the groups were given headlines that represented the containment of the groups (appendix

6 – Organising the needs). The following headlines were chosen:

The dispenser is easy to clean

The dispenser prevents paper from ending on the floor

The dispenser size is practical

The dispenser appearance appeal to everyone

The system is environmentally friendly

The system is hygienic

The system can be used for more than hands

The dispenser pulls and tears of the paper easily

The dispenser provides the wanted amount of paper

The system has good quality in general

The placement of the dispenser is practical

The system is cost efficient

4.2.4 Establishing the relative importance of the needs

The needs were ranked in a matrix (appendix 7 – Establish important needs). The ranking

was based on interviews opinions, project team and the SCA mentor. The most important

need are at the top of the list and the lesser important at the bottom:

The system has good quality in general


The dispenser is easy to clean

4. PRE- STUDY 37

The dispenser size is practical


The system can be used for more than hands

The dispenser appearance appeal to everyone

The system is environmentally friendly


The dispenser prevents paper from ending on the floor

The dispenser pulls and tears of the paper easily


38 4. PRE- STUDY

4.3 Determine the Assignment

4.3.1 Problem Decomposition

When decomposing the problem the focus was put on the essential dispenser and was

therefore first divided into design, mechanical solution and the hand wiping material.

These groups were considered too abstract and general so they were divided further into

new sub-groups which stated the solution. But some sub-groups needed to be divided

additionally to find the existing solution (figure 32).

Figure 32. Problem decomposition of the dispenser

4.3.2 Problem Clarification

When the dispense problem were decomposed into smaller problems they were easier to

analyse and clarify. Through several important questions, this method forced facts and

reasonable thoughts that simplified and cleared the view of the task and stated what needed

to be taken in consideration for the development of the product.

Collecting of Material Mechanical Solution

Centerfeed

Roll

Sheets

Bin Bag

Disposable

Refill

Disposable

Nonwoven

Tissue

SCA

Customer

Appearance

Feeling

Hand Drying

Edet Brand

Product Understanding

Dispense of Material

Continuous System

Wiping Material

Cost

The Experience Usage

Refilling

Volume

Basic Shape

Material

Colour

Hand Wiping MaterialDispenser

Interface

Design Positioning of material

Refill

Indicators

4. PRE- STUDY 39

What is the problem about? Why does the problem exist?

Where is the problem? Why is it there?

When does the problem occur? Why is there a problem at that precise time?

Who is involved in the problem? Why are they involved in the problem?

The dispensing of material should be possible to perform at all time therefore the

mechanic solution should work at all times. So the difficulty lies within the mechanical

solution that executes the dispense function and the shell of the dispenser that should be

able to handle the pressure and the effects that occurs. The one’s involved are the designer

that develops the dispense function and the consumer that uses the function.

The collecting of material should be able to function at all time. However, it is not

necessary for the collecting function to be a part of the dispenser, it’s more likely to be

separate. This still puts pressure on the mechanical solution of the collecting problem to be

stable and durable, so that the space in the car is hygienic and tidy. The problem lies in the

mechanical solution that is suppose to collect the material, but also the opening of the

collector if not integrated with the solution. The problem arises when the wiping material is

collected and it affects the designer that develops the dispenser and the consumer when

using the dispenser.

The continuous system is designed for refill materials that should be available as much and

often as possible. It is refill system that feels good and makes it easier for the consumers,

the environment and is cost effective for SCA. The problem exists and occurs when the

consumer runs out of wiping material, it is therefore important that the wipes can be found

in an everyday supermarket and be distributed near the consumer. The one’s affected are

the designer that develops the shell of the dispenser and therefore decides the amount of

wipes that fits in the dispenser before it needs to be refilled. It also affects the retailers that

distributes and sells the refill and the consumer that needs to buy the refill.

The choice of wiping material should always be available to the consumer but this is also a

problem since the selection of material in turn depends on the consumer’s choice and

his/her intention with the wipe. As before the cooperation between the size of the dispenser

and the wiping materials thickness, volume and measures is a challenging problem and

occurs when the designer originally sets up the dimensions of the dispenser. It involves the

designer that creates and points out the dimensions, the manufacturer of the material and

the end user that consume the product.

The costs are mainly determined by the quality of the wiping material and this is a problem

since the consumer wants good quality but pay as little as possible while the producer wants

to keep the production costs down, produce good quality and jet charge as much as possible.

The interviewed consumers were prepared to pay 75 -150 sek for the dispenser, when

40 4. PRE- STUDY

receiving a flow pack on the first buy. It involves the designer that decides the material of

the wipes, the manufacturer the produces of the material and the user that pays for the

wiping material.

The experience of the wiping material that the consumer feels is very important since it

determines if the consumer will be satisfied and buy more. The problem is to meet the high

quality at a reasonable cost that the consumer wants and is willing to pay for. The problem

lies between the counterparts; the producer and the consumer and affects both parts as well

as the retailer that also wants to earn some money.

The usage of the dispenser is supposed to be intuitive which means that the consumer

knows how to handle the dispenser and its functions. This problem is very important since

the consumers’ satisfaction is essential. The problem lies in the basic shape of the dispenser

and the hints or clues that should express the wanted action. The difficulty occurs when the

consumer refills or uses the dispenser since it is then the hint or clues should be of use, so

even an inexperienced consumer shouldn’t have a problem with the dispenser. In the end it

is the designer that has a problem developing the dispenser as well as the hints, and the user

who has trouble interpreting them.

The refilling of the dispenser needs to be smooth and quick so it’s important that the

designer have thought of the performance and put an ergonomically input to the system.

The one’s affected by the problem is the designer who creates the dispenser and the

consumer that performs the action.

The desired volume of the dispenser is, according to the interviews, supposed to be small,

slim and discreet but at the same time hold as much wiping material as possible. Since the

space interior of the car is very limited the size of the dispenser is important, if not crucial.

The cooperation between the size of the dispenser and the wiping materials thickness,

volume and measures is a challenging problem. It occurs early in the process so it involves

the designer because of the creation, manufactures as they produces and ships the product,

retailers and their storage area and the end-consumer when the dispenser is used.

The basic shape of the dispenser is supposed to appeal to broad range of consumers as

well as fitting into the interior of several different car models. The problem with the shape

is important while it is expected to be new and at the same time communicate the SCA

brands Edet and Zewa with low manufacturing costs.

The material of the dispenser should be soft, for safety reasons, easy to handle during the

manufacturing, cost efficient, easy to clean, environmentally friendly, durable and create a

nice grip when carrying it. The problem lies in the design of the dispenser since the design

is often depended on the material and vice versa. So the problem occurs when the design is

set and the manufacturing is considered. The once involved are the designers because of the

4. PRE- STUDY 41

creation, manufactures as they produce and ship the product, retailers and their storage area

and the end-consumer when the dispenser is used.

The colour of the dispenser ought to fit the designer’s expression, suit the interior of several

different car models, appeal to a wide range of consumers and express the feeling of good

hygiene. The problem arise since colour can illustrate a numerous of expression and can

communicate diverse feelings to different consumers. The problem occurs when the design

is set and the manufacturing is considered. The once involved are the designer because of

the creation, manufactures as they produce and ship the product, retailers and their storage

area and the end-consumer when the dispenser is used.

4.3.3 Function Analysis

The functions that the product should be able to perform were mainly identified by

problem research (4.1 Problem investigations) and the interpretation and organisation of

consumers needs (4.2 Identifying consumers’ needs).

Primary function: Provide hand hygiene

Support function: a. Clean hands

b. Take care of waste

c. Suit the car

d. Clean surfaces

Sub-functions to

- primary function: Dispense material

Hold material

Offer material

Allow refill of material

- support functions: a. Allow usage

Offer hygiene

b. Allow usage

Hold material

c. Allow customization

Fit the car

d. Allow several cleaned areas

Object wiping

42 4. PRE- STUDY

4.3.4 Product Specification

Specifications were set up in a list concerning the aesthetics and structural. The product

specifications were based on the information that came through during the survey and

collaboration with SCA (appendix 8 – Product Specification).

5 DISPENSER CONCEPTS 43

5 DISPENSER CONCEPTS

5.1 Idea generation

When generating new ideas it is preferable to use several methods to get a wider range of

ideas. The methods that were considered to be suitable for this project were brainstorming,

concept combinational table and several focus group sessions.

5.1.1 Brainstorming

Free sketching sessions without any constrains have been performed throughout the project

to continuously uphold a creativity and openness to new ideas. At this point the main

importance’s were shape and function, and at the same time having in mind that the space

is in the car is limited, but after considered the consumer needs in section 4.2.4 it was clear

that both a dispenser and a bin bag for the car was of interest to form a concept serie.

During the clarifying of the task it became clear that the placement of the concepts was a

key issue which decided the function and shape, and was discussed during the

brainstorming sessions. Several small brainstorming sessions were held with staff of SCA as

well as potential consumers.

The source of inspiration were found in basic shapes, car interior and exterior, other similar

dispenser solutions and objects not related to the subject.

A few of the ideas generated from the sessions for both the dispenser and the bin bag can

be seen below in figure 33.

Figure 33. An extract of the brainstorming.

44 5 DISP

5.1.2 Conc

Different fu

functions th

functions to

Figure 34. A m

5.1.3 Focu

The purpos

understandi

the interview

and to get a

needed to be

Wh

Wh

Wh

Is c

If s

Wh

Wh

Wh

We

We

Ho

The particip

span betwee

PENSER CONC

cept combina

unctions that t

hat were avai

receive furthe

morphologica m

s group

se of having

ng of the cons

ws but was as

a greater pictu

e answered we

hat kind of ex

hat kind of sh

hat material is

centerfeed, sh

sheets, what si

hat kind of dr

hat kind of we

hich strength

ere should the

ere should the

ow much shou

pant in the fo

en 20 – 60 an

EPTS

ation table (M

the concept se

ilable and ne

er ideas, figure

matrix.

g an addition

sumer need. S

sked again du

ure of what w

ere;

xpression is wa

hape is wanted

s preferable on

eets or roll pre

ize?

ry paper mater

et paper mater

is preferred?

e dispenser be

e bin bag be pl

uld the bin bag

ocus groups w

nd even gende

Morphologica

erie could con

eeded for this

e 34.

nal survey to

Some of the qu

uring the discu

was wanted of

anted for the d

d for the dispe

n the dispense

eferable?

rial is wanted?

rial is wanted?

placed in the

laced?

g be able to co

were all consid

er balance. Th

al matrix)

ntain were list

s project and

the intervie

uestions were

ussion to con

the concept s

dispenser and

nser and the b

er and the bin

?

?

car?

ontain?

dered potentia

heses question

ted to get an

d to then com

ews was to g

already answ

nfirm the prev

serie. Some q

the bin bag?

bin bag?

bag?

al consumers w

ns were broug

idea of what

mbine theses

get a better

wered through

vious answers

uestions that

with and age

ght up to the


discussion and were answered by everyone. Each person agreed that they wanted a small

and slim dispenser with round edges. Opinions regarding the expression for the concept

serie were mixed; some said that they wanted exiting, colourful and very expressive

expression while some wanted a discreet and toned down serie that has a Scandinavian

touch. The general opinion of how much the bin bag should be able to contain were

between one and a half to one litre garbage and cost between 75 – 150 sek.

Apart from the design each participant was given different dry and wet papers with the

intention to get a better idea of what kind of paper that was preferred. With the given

papers the participants had to select the one with best quality and feeling. The participants

were also given different kind of ideas for dispenser material to answer the question of what

material that was whished for on the dispenser and bin bag.

The most chosen dry paper was one that had good absorption and was strong and soft with

the purpose of drying mirrors in the morning and blowing the nose. For simply wiping

objects, wet non woven material was said to be more ideal since that fabric is stronger

towards any surface. When it came to personal hygiene the participants only wanted pure

woven or other organic material that is considered more environmentally friendly and not

too exclusive to use. The opinions for sheets, centerfeed or rolls were varied, most desired

were sheets and centerfeed since they were said to be easier to handle with one hand. The

participants all thought that it was better with a few sheets in one flow pack than a big flow

pack since the paper use in the car is limited, especially wet wipes which must stay

moisturised. The wished placement of the dispenser and bin bag was concentrated to the

middle of the car, near the parking break, were everyone in the car can reach, or to the side

doors. A few suggestions were made to place the items in the ceiling were there is a lot of

space, but this needs to be investigated further for security reasons.

5.2 Concept Generation

After the focus group session it became clear which concepts that were relevant and could

be evaluated and developed further.

5.2.1 Dispenser Concepts

Simple refill, small, functional and mobile were among the most important needs that the

consumer had.

The r

46 5 DISP

Soft Casset

Due to the

between pla

either dry sh

Cardboard

This roll wa

Figure

The slim for

ceiling, the s

refill direction

To refill andpocket nee

PENSER CONC

tte

Figure 35. Th

soft and flex

aces or hanged

heets or wet w

roll

as already inve

e 36. The cardb

Regular po

Figure 37. Po

rmat that is d

side doors or a

n

d dispense theds to open.

EPTS

he soft cassette d

xible material

d with additio

wipes sheets de

ented by the st

board roll.

ocket

ocket dispenser

designed to fit

around the ce

he

dispenser

and the slim

onal fixations.

epending on th

taff of SCA.

sheets has sev

ntre stack.

m shape the c

The cassette

he desire.

veral placeme

cassette can b

is also design

ent possibilitie

e stuffed in-

ned to handle

es such as the

5.2.2 Bin B

Since the b

function and

and easy to r

Irregular flo

The purpose

for hanging.

Figure

Multiple pla

A pack of p

need to occu

functionality

and throw i

in the side d

Figure 39. Mu

Bag Concepts

bin bag and t

d design of th

refill.

oor bin bag

e of the irregu

.

e 38. Irregular f

astic bin bag

plastic bags ca

ur often. The

y. The cover s

n garbage. Be

doors, in-betw

ultiple refill bin b

s

the dispenser

e bin bag wer

ular shape is t

loor bin bag

s

an be placed i

cover can be f

stands out fro

ecause of the

ween objects or

bags and the dis

were though

re similar to th

that the bin b

in the bin bag

fasten to the b

om the dispen

small size the

r have a hangi

spenser bin bag

Th

thr

5 D

ht to form a c

he dispenser, s

bag can be pla

g dispenser, so

bin bag dispen

nser as it is lar

e consumer ca

ing device.

g.

he garbage is t

rough the plas

Ththr

DISPENSER CON

concept serie,

such as user fr

aced either on

o that the refi

nser with hing

rger, this to ea

an place the b

thrown

stic cover.

e cover is liftrough the ga

NCEPTS 47

, the desired

riendly, small

n the floor or

filling doesn’t

ges or similar

asily open up

in bag either

ted to rbage.

48 5 DISPENSER CONCEPTS

Duo wipes and a bin bag

Figure 40. Duo dispenser with a bin bag.

The sheets are placed in pockets on each short end of the bin bag and the waste can be

contained in the centre. The cover of the bin bag can then be sealed with burdock to

simplify the shutting.

5.3 Concept Selection

5.3.2 SWOT- Analysis

The concepts were carefully evaluated by the project group and people at SCA, (appendix 9

- SWOT-analyse). With the SWOT-analyse, an additional focus group and personal

opinions the final concepts were chosen.

The chosen dispenser concept was the Soft Cassette concept as it matched the leading

words of small size, easy refilling, easy to clean and a harmonised expression which was

collected from the surveys and focus group sessions as well as having high potential for

further development while it also communicated the SCA brand it could take the company

into a new market area.

The chosen bin bag concept was the multiple bin bags concept as it was considered to be

the most functional and reliable concept, with a refill solution and a cover that seals the bin

bag that were the most essential needs, which also makes it a core product of SCA. And

since the shape of the bin bag was also similar to the shape of the dispenser and was

experienced as slim and harmonic, both of the concepts had a good possibility to form a

concept serie.

5.4 Detail design

Now that the final concepts had been chosen there was still a lot of work left before the

final manufactured product was finished. As the problem decomposition (4.3.2 Problem

Decomposition) indicated, the dispenser and the bin bag concepts still had some unresolved

The cover of the bin and duo bag is lifted to through the garbage.

The sheets are placed on the sides of the bin bag.


problems that needed to be looked into further. It was decided to concentrate the

development to the dispenser and later the bin bag would be developed in the same line.

5.4.1 The Shell

A brainstorming session was accomplished by the project team and people at SCA during

which the basic shape, size, material and colour of the dispenser and the bin bag was discussed

as well as the mechanical solution. This discussion along with the results from the earlier

survey and focus group sessions generated into different detail ideas of the cassette

dispenser as seen below.

Soft Cassette

Volume: Centerfeed

Large - 30 sheets

Meduim - 20 sheets

Basic shape: Sharp edges

Round edges

Slim

Material: Soft plastic, transparent

Harder plastic, transparent

Silicone

Silicone and plastic, transparent

Silicone and plastic, opaque + transparent

Blank plastic

Colour: “Scandinavian touch”

Colours that blends-in in the car interior

Colours within the same scale

Strong colours

Soft colours

Contrasting colours

Soft and strong colours

Bin Bag, multiple plastic bags

As for the colour, material and shape it was agreed that the bin bag should match the

dispenser concept since it was previously decided to develop the dispenser first and then

develop the bin bag based on the dispenser.

5.4.2 Concept scoring matrix

The generated ideas needed to be compared and selected, this was done through the

concept scoring matrix (appendix 10). The different details were selected as criteria based


on the information from the surveys and focus group sessions. The weighting of the criteria

were made by the project group as well as the comparison of the different details.

The outcome resulted in several recommendations for the appearance and the expression of

the dispenser. The conclusion for the volume was to contain around 20 sheets or perhaps

also with a centerfeed. This means that the size of the dispenser should be small rather than

hold a larger amount of paper sheets. A smaller designed dispenser fits easier into the

limited space in the car.

Among the basic shape ideas, the round edges scored the highest followed by the slim

design. This communicates a user-friendly expression and the Edet and Zewa brands. By

adding double curved surfaces the design gets more exited.

The material detail that got the highest score was a mixture of both plastic and silicone.

This blending gives an exiting expression as well as safety is provided in the car.

Out of the colour details, the discrete colours scored the highest and after that, colourful

colours. This ranking was also showed during the interviews, where Swedish consumers

preferred discrete colours and German consumers colourful. This makes it clear that it

therefore is important for the consumers to have the possibility to have a customised

product by choosing the colour.

As for the Bin Bag, the highest score of the volume details were to contain one and a half

litre and after that one litre. This also matches the outcome of the focus group sessions.

5.4.3 Mechanical solution

With these ranked details concerning the dispense solution in mind more ideas of the

cassette were generated (figure 41).

Figure 41. Additional concept ideas of the cassette.

Sliding the flow pack.

A B

C D

All of these

done by slid

concept idea

up a bit as sh

to make it h

to observe t

group sessio

After the di

dispenser w

hygienic. Th

cover that at

a dispense s

This led to t

and on the t

time existing

was a very im

Figure 42. The

The new di

cover attach

43) were de

95th percenti

hand and gr

ideas are mad

ding it as in B

a workable for

hown in C. A

harder to refill

the outcome o

on where furth

iscussion addi

with a cover th

he new soluti

t first left a ho

solution from

the dispense s

top which also

g flow pack c

mportant facto

e developing of

spenser devel

hed on the slei

ecided from th

ile, of women

rab the dispen

de to hold bot

B with the cov

r only SCA p

Another idea w

l the dispense

of the express

her shapes and

tional dispens

hat can be sea

ions were bas

ole on top for

the front an

solution of ha

o is aesthetica

ould be place

or for SCA.

the cassette dra

oped into thr

igh to keep th

he ergonomic

n can by usin

ser.

th wet and dr

ver on the top

products, prop

was to rotate th

er. Different ro

sions. The ide

d dispense solu

se solution wh

aled, for both

sed on the sh

dispensing th

d then with a

aving a cover w

lly eloquently

d to function

awn in Adobe Il

ree parts, a sh

he paper fresh

cally tables (2.

ng these meas

5 D

ry paper. Refil

for dispensin

prietary, the di

he hole as seen

ounds were al

eas where late

utions where d

here generated

dry and wet

hape of the ca

he paper. From

a cover that w

with an angel

y and proprieta

well in this d

lustrator.

hell, a sleigh f

h. The measur

1 Ergonomic

ures make a

DISPENSER CON

lling the flow

ng the paper. T

ispense hole w

n in D, but th

lso tested on t

er valuated du

discussed.

d with though

paper and th

assette but wi

m that, ideas o

would close th

that reaches b

ary, so that no

dispenser (figu

for placing the

res of the disp

cs). The larger

functional sp

NCEPTS 51

w pack in A is

To make the

where moved

his was found

the dispenser

uring a focus

hts towards a

erefore more

ith an added

of developing

he dispenser.

both in front

o other at the

ure 42). That

e refill and a

penser (figure

r population,

read of their


Figure 43. The outline measures of the dispenser.

5.4.4 CAD model

The concept was drawn in the 3D software program UGS NX 5, to get an overview of the

concept and all the details. As mentioned earlier all of the surfaces were made into double

curved surfaces, except the bottom, which would give an exited expression. The consumers

wanted to have a harmonised shape so the dispenser was designed symmetrical with large

rounds. In a semantic way the sleigh, designed in another material and colour,

communicates how to open and refill the dispenser.

Figure 44. A CAD-model of the final concept.

As seen in figure 44, there are three parts that forms the dispenser concept, the shell (large

grey area, the sleigh (blue) and the cover (grey areas attached to the blue). The areas

coloured in gray represents very flexible silicone material and the blue, semi-transparent

hard plastic

refilling. Th

dispensing p

Figure

The sleigh i

flow pack. T

ability to fl

Another pre

on the cover

Figure

It also has a

inside the di

ceiling of th

Figure

. The shell h

he sleigh also

paper. Figure 4

e 45. An explod

is provided wi

The cover is s

ex when disp

ecaution for th

r (red arrow in

e 46. A closer lo

a construction

ispenser while

he dispenser (f

e 47. The bump

has a punched

has a punched

45 shows an e

ded picture of th

ith one centim

stuck onto the

pensing witho

he closing of

n figure 46) w

ook at the sleigh

n that point’s

e using the dis

figure 47) is co

on the sleigh fit

d down mark

d down mark

exploded pictu

e dispenser.

metre high wa

e sleigh with

out loosening

the dispenser

which fits a hol

h and cover fixa

out into the s

spense functio

onnected with

ts inside the she

5 D

that will help

to get an eas

ure of the disp

alls that will m

two plugs, th

and flex bac

r were made a

le placed on th

tion.

shell which w

on (figure 47)

h the bump on

ll.

DISPENSER CON

p to slide the

ier grip of the

penser.

make it simpler

en the cover w

ck to close th

as a plug und

he same spot

will make the s

. The hole un

n the sleigh.

NCEPTS 53

sleigh when

e cover when

r to place the

will have the

he dispenser.

er the punch

on the sleigh.

sleigh to stay

nderneath the

.

54 5 DISP

When dispe

out of the d

hand, which

Figure 48. Pic

5.4.5 Draw

A case can s

to push, esp

this from ha

ideal solutio

Figure

Sleigh A

This is the

how smooth

problems at

inside of the

PENSER CONC

ensing, the cov

dispenser (figu

h was highly d

ctures showing h

wer effect

sometimes slip

pecially if it’s o

appening, fou

on.

e 49. The drawe

original sleigh

h the sleigh c

t all with the

e shell were m

EPTS

ver flexes in it

ure 48). This

desired among

how to dispense

p diagonally in

old and torn, t

ur sleighs with

er effect.

h model and

could slip int

e drawer effec

made along the

ts direction an

makes it poss

g the consume

.

nto a drawer w

this is called th

h different fu

was made wit

to the rubber

ct. The conta

e whole side of

nd the paper is

sible to use th

rs.

which consequ

he drawer effe

unctions were

th plain placi

cassette and

act surface be

f the wall.

s shown and c

he dispenser w

uently makes t

fect (figure 49)

manufactured

ng walls, figu

to test if the

etween the sle

can be drawn

with only one

the case hard

). To prevent

d to find the

ure 50, to see

ere were any

eigh and the

Figure

Sleigh B

In this mod

the long side

Figure

Top view

Top vie

e 50. Ordinary

del the only co

e on the sleigh

e 51. Convex pl

w

ew

placing walls an

ontact surface

h, shaped as a

lacing walls and

nd an illustration

with the rubb

a convex long s

d an illustration o

5 D

n showing the co

ber cassette w

side (figure 51

of the contact su

DISPENSER CON

ontact surfaces.

were made in t

1).

urface.

NCEPTS 55

the middle of

56 5 DISP

Sleigh C

The long sid

up on the w

Figure

Sleigh D

The contact

of the long s

Figure

Since sleigh

was perceive

removed, sin

Front v

Top vi

PENSER CONC

de on this mo

wall of the sleig

e 52. V-shaped

t surfaces on th

side (figure 53

e 53. Contact su

h A had a cont

ed as too slug

nce it had a p

view

iew

EPTS

odel were shap

gh (figure 52).

placing walls an

he wall of this

3).

urfaces in front a

tact surface, a

ggish and was

problem with

ped as a V, so

.

nd an illustration

s sleigh model

and back and a

and therefore

s therefore rem

the intersecti

o the contact

n of the contact

l were both on

n illustration of t

friction, along

moved as an o

ion in the lon

surface was m

surface.

n the front an

the contact surfa

g the whole lo

option. Sleigh

ng side that p

moved higher

d in the back

ace.

ong side so it

h D was also

prevented the


sleigh from slipping into the cassette as it got stuck on the way in. Both sleigh B and C

were considered well functional although sleigh C was selected as the final concept since

the contact surface were placed higher up which prevents friction from dust or other

substances that could be placed along the inner edge in the dispenser.

5.4.3 Chosen concept

The developed dispenser was discussed with the mentor and experts on SCA to declare the

solution and to get feedback. The chosen concept was considered having functional and

harmonic design, having high potential within the consumer market and communicating

the SCA brands Edet and Zewa very well.

As stated before the bin bag solution were developed in the same line as the dispenser and

formed a concept serie. Therefore the shape of the bin bag was extracted from the dispenser

but being a bit wider and larger to contain 1, 5 litre garbage. It also had double curved

surfaces and large rounded edges as well (except for the back), with silicone simulated

material as a shell and a plastic cover (figure 54). Both consumers and the environment are

served by using refill plastic bags inside the bin bag which also fits the concepts serie.

Figure 54. The bin bag.

The cover stands out a few millimetres from the shell of the bin bag to make it easier by

throwing garbage with only one hand, which was highly desired among the consumers. The

cover also gives a secure feeling of not letting any smell or garbage getting out. When lifting

the cover (figure 55), two plugs are seen and used for placing the plastic bags (figure 56).

58 5 DISP

Figure

The hinged

silicone tube

tubes to hol

bags were m

new bag is tu

Flow packs

When choo

among expe

(figure 57).

volume, hyg

Special ho

PENSER CONC

e 55. Open bin

Figure 56.

d function wa

e in the middl

d the construc

made so that th

urned over th

s

osing associat

erts on SCA g

Some of the

giene or constr

ole

EPTS

bag

Hanged plastic

s constructed

le, fixed onto t

ction together

he bags really w

e edge on the

ted flow pac

generated seve

ideas were co

ruction.

c bags and the h

with two pla

the shell of th

r (red arrow in

would stay on

bin bag and t

cks to the di

eral ideas that

onsidered unf

hinged mechani

astic tubes fix

he bin bag. A s

n figure 56). S

n place when c

the garbage is

spenser a sm

t would contai

fit for the disp

sm of the bin ba

xed onto the

splint was run

Special holes o

changing to a

placed inside

mall brainstorm

in both wet a

penser in term

ag.

cover, and a

n through the

on the plastic

new bag, the

.

ming session

nd dry paper

ms of design,

Figure

Three flow

dispenser w

contain wet

dispenser. S

pack felt exi

paper band h

have environ

pack C as w

which make

paper.

A

e 57. Extract of

packs were ch

well concernin

t wipes in a fl

Since both cen

iting and inno

holds the shee

nmentally frie

well. This sele

es this proprie

Figure 58.

C

brainstorming s

hosen to the c

ng hygiene an

flattened cente

nterfeeded and

ovative. Flow

ets together. D

endly flow pac

cted concept

etary for the

Chosen flow pa

ession for flow p

concept serie a

nd design (fig

erfeed edition

d ordinary sh

pack B was m

During the fo

cks which lead

had an openi

dispenser and

acks.

5 D

packs used for w

as all of them

gure 58). Flo

n (joker bag)

eet flow pack

meant to only

cus groups sev

d to flow pack

ng higher up

d could also c

DISPENSER CON

wet and dry pap

were conside

ow pack A w

that fitted we

ks was request

y hold dry pap

veral requests

B and could a

than ordinary

contain both

B

NCEPTS 59

per.

ered to fit the

was meant to

ell inside the

ted, this flow

per, as only a

was made to

apply to flow

y flow packs,

wet and dry

60 5 DISP

5.5 Evalu

When the f

against the

and none we

Che

Figure

The concept

a whole oth

in the notch

5.6 Mate

The materia

polymer PE

feeling.

Epoxy plas

together wit

and has gen

incredibly lo

chemical res

other harden

parts in a pr

Polyurethan

acquire very

PENSER CONC

uation of ch

final concept

product speci

ere forgotten (

eck

The si

The pr

The pr

The pr

The pr

The pr

The pr

The pr

The pr

The pr

The pr

The pr

e 59. Table chec

t fulfilled mos

er science but

h was decided

erials on the

als that were c

E and a TPE

stic is based

th a hardener

nerally a very

ow surface ten

sistant, heat r

ning plastics.

roduction. [Int

ne is the grou

y varied abilit

EPTS

hosen conc

serie had be

ification to en

(figure 59).

ze of the proroduct mana

roduct is wat

roduct is dura

roduct is repe

roduct is was

roduct has go

roduct allows

roduct has a

roduct has go

roduct is con

roduct is eas

cking the fulfilled

st of the wishe

t by construct

by the project

e prototype

chosen in the p

material call

on the cond

(often diamo

good ability

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process were E

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w mechanical

polymer can

low thermal


conduction ability, resistant to ozone but not UV. It has however limited resistant to heat

and hydrolyse but high damping ability. The thermal plastic elastomers (TPE) can be given

the ability of thermal plastic processing and has rubber-like abilities at service temperature.

The TPE material can be processed with a shorter process cycle without pervious mixing

procedure and the production residues can be incorporated. A TPE material is first known

for the morphological design than its chemical abilities. [Internet 15]

6. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION 63

6. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

The result of this development process is this concept serie consisting of dispenser with

associated flow packs and a bin bag with associated plastic bags, also including the process

steps of need finding, benchmarking, sketching, modelling in the 3D programs AliasStudio

and UGS NX and rendering picture. Throughout the project the focus has been to solve

the problem of holding paper in the car, so that it looks and feels comfortable for the

consumers. The concept serie fulfils these wishes by providing a dispenser that holds both

wet and dry paper that can be dispensed by one hand and an associated bin bag for the

paper and other waste that the consumers experience in the car. The fact that both of these

components are removable and soft, ease the limited space problem and the issue of several

different car models as well as safety in the car.

6.1 Attachment solutions

The placement in the car has been one of the biggest problems to solve. Since the car has

limited space but can still vary, the possibility of hanging the product turned into a good

way of placing the dispenser or bin bag. During several focus group sessions a number of

hanging ideas were discussed and later generated by the project group.

Suction cups

One idea of a placing device was suction cups, either a large one or several small that is

integrated with the silicone material. The suction cups attaches to all surfaces as long as it’s

not textile material, therefore the placement can vary a lot.

Hangers / Fabric-loop

As seen in the benchmarking figures, hanging the dispenser or bin bags is a popular way of

placement. This design is divided into two parts: one button that is placed on the back of

the dispenser or bin bag, similar to ordinary jacket buttons (figure 60) and one cover button

on the fabric loop that is pushed onto the back (figure 61).

Figure 60. A jacket button on the back side.

64 6. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

Figure 61.Hanger on the bin bag

Since the button, which is possibly made out of a metal material, is made in two parts it can

turn and therefore turn the hanger and conceal the hanger behind the dispenser (figure 62).

Figure 62. The fabric hanger is concealed behind the dispenser.

Hatches

Another way to hang the product is by using hatches, preferable made out of metal (figure

63). The hatch is designed into two parts: a rail that is stuck on back of the bin bag with

three holes for positioning the hatch in different locations and a hatch that slides inside the

rail. The hatch has a bullet that matches the hole on the rail, when pushing the bullet the

hatch moves in a vertical direction and changes the position of the hatch. This helps to find

different placements in the car for the bin bag or the dispenser.


Figure 63. Hatches placed on the back of the bin bag.

6.2 Appearance

During the surveys and focus group sessions, the opinions among the consumers were

mostly the same both in Sweden and in Germany when discussing the shape, to have a

small, clean and harmonised shape that felt good when grabbing. This have been

accomplished by developing a small and harmonised dispenser that still holds the wanted

amount of sheets, around 25 sheets. With the double curved surfaces an extra exiting detail

were added but still with a clean expression. Together with the bin bag, which followed the

form appearance, the concept serie corresponds to the consumers wish of shape.

6.2.2 Colour

The consumers opinions regarding the colour of the product line were divided in two

groups: the ones who wanted strong colours, which were mainly based in Germany, and the

ones who wanted discrete colours were mainly based in Sweden.

Since the dispenser was made into three parts and the bin bag made in two the colour

expression could obtain several different expressions. To keep the sophisticated look the

shell of the dispenser received a dark grey colour, which matches several car model’s interior.

Colourful dispensers

For the German market and a few Swedes the sleigh on the dispenser and the cover of the

bin bag can be coloured into strong and bright colours. Keeping the dark grey colour on the

shell of the dispenser and bin bag still gives a harmonic expression (figure 64).


Figure64. Colourful dispensers and bin bags.

Discrete coloured dispensers

For the Swedish market and a few Germans the sleigh were given discrete colours that

made the dispenser blend into several car interiors, studied during the interviews (figure 65).


Figure 65. Discrete coloured dispensers.

Transparent dispenser

A fresh and clean expression was obtained when making the sleigh and the bin bag cover

semi-transparent but yet with a bit of colour to still feel exiting. The semi-transparent

surfaces also worked as an indicator that signalled the amount of paper left in the dispenser

(figure 66), or if the bin bag needed to be emptied (figure 67).

Figure 66. Transparent sleigh that works as indicator.


Figure 67. Transparent covers on the bin bags.

The dark grey coloured shell of the dispenser or bin bag might not appeal to all car interiors,

therefore the possibility of changing colour even on the shell or bin bag is a good solution

(figure 68).

Figure 68. Coloured shell of the dispenser.

6.2.3 Mate

The silicone

can be squee

plastic: HD

temperature

car stands s

resistance th

provides the

Another req

fulfilled with

6.3 Place

The placem

solve since t

models. Th

between sea

Figure 69. Dis

The dispens

adding hang

placing the

hatches (figu

erial

e material’s m

eze so it gets s

DPEX was cho

e changes whi

still for a lon

he sleigh and

e dispenser w

quest from the

h the plastic a

ement

ment of the di

there is a lim

he materials fl

t or other crow

spenser squeeze

ser also fits in

gers and hatch

bin bag was b

ure 71).

main function

stuck between

osen for this

ich is likely to

nger time du

d bin bag cove

with a sealed

e consumers w

and silicone m

ispenser and b

mited space in

flexibility mak

wded places so

ed into the midd

n several side d

hes the placing

beside the pas

is safety in th

n seats or othe

concept serie

o occur in the

uring winter.

er not only g

cover that w

was that the p

material.

bin bag were

the car and

kes it possible

o that it get st

le console.

doors dependi

g possibility is

senger seat, to

6. RESULTS

he car but it a

r crowded are

as it can ma

e car during a

As the HD

gives stability

works well w

product should

one of the m

there are a lo

e to squeeze

tuck (figure 69

ing on the sm

s even bigger.

o the middle

S AND CONCL

also has anoth

eas. The crosse

aintain its sha

hot summer

PEX has a g

to the dispen

with the silico

d be easy to cl

most problema

ot of different

the dispenser

9).

mall size (figur

A highly requ

which functio

USION 69

her ability, it

ed linked PE

ape in drastic

day or if the

good fatigue

nser but also

one material.

lean which is

atic issues to

t car interior

r or bin bag

re 70). When

uested area of

ons well with

70 6. RES

Figure 70. Dis

The fabric

(figure 71) s

fitted in the

Figure 71. Dis

SULTS AND CO

spenser in the si

hanger is app

so that it’s rea

side door.

spenser hanging

NCLUSION

de door and bin

propriate to t

chable from e

g in the exact mi

n bag between

the dispenser

every seat in th

iddle of the car,

the front seats.

for hanging

he car or arou

, for everyone to

around the n

und the door h

o reach.

neck support

handles if not

7. DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION 71

7. DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Method

The methods used during this project were combined depending on the most profitable for

the projects development, the implementations and the results. I had a frequent contact and

many discussions with the mentor at SCA during the entire project as well as a regular

contact with the mentor at LTU which helped me stay on track with the project plan and

work flow.

At first the project group was suppose to consists of two people, so the initial research was

accommodated to the consumer areas regarding the garden, boat, car and garage which

gave me an understanding of the product supply range. Later the project group turned into

only one person so the project narrowed down to the consumer area car.

A few of the interviewed people worked at SCA, but not at the same department, which

could have an effect on the interview results as they used more paper in the car than regular

interviewees. The interviewed people in Germany were all friends or relatives which also

could have an effect on the results as the exact formulation of the questions tended to be

different which could have affected the interviewees. When working alone, the collecting of

information and the decision making was inevitable, subjectively interpreted which could

affect the decisions that were made later in the project. During a discussion with an expert

in wet wipes I got the advice to focus on wet wipes and dry paper for personal hygiene,

because several product of object wiping already exist in the consumer market which

supported my benchmarking research.

Working with this project have been a great experience and challenge and I belief that I

have succeeded well in the development of the product. With the help of friendly and

obliging employees at SCA that showed great interest in my work, this project was well

accomplished.

Results

The assignment was to develop a dispenser solution for the consumers having a car. The

result was a concept serie which contains both a dispenser and a bin bag that both are

refilled. Since both the bin bag and the dispenser have refills the consumer and the

environment are served well and the project open up new market shares.

The material considered for this concept serie was silicone and the PE plastic; HDPEX.

When the prototype of the dispenser was made, different material were used then intended

so the prototype could only be judged by the shape and in some part how the materials are

behaving. For instance, the cover of the dispenser couldn’t close properly so the sleigh was

adjusted with an extra hole to fit the cover better (figure 73).

72 7. DIS

Figure 73. An

Recomme

Since the pr

were cut sho

few when de

with more fo

manufacturi

material sele

measures of

some weight

products can

came up dur

during the m

manufacture

very importa

due to the li

SCUSSION AND

n extra hole was

endations

roject had a wi

ort. This lead

eveloping a wh

focus groups an

ing process, si

ection and fun

f the shell of th

t and then fit

n be further ex

ring the focus

manufacturing

er. The questi

ant to perform

imited time th

D RECOMMEND

made for the co

ide range at th

to an interview

hole new prod

nd interviews

nce costs and

nctions also ne

he dispenser is

more sheets o

xplored using

group was to

g of the car, a

on is if and ho

m tests on targ

his was not per

DATION

over to close pro

he beginning t

w foundation

duct, so establ

is needed as w

selected mate

eeds to be opti

s a bit thick, e

or bigger joker

other hanging

integrate the

collaboration

ow SCA bene

get groups to g

rformed durin

operly.

the time for a

of 33 people,

lishing a more

well as the inv

erial only been

imised for the

especially on th

r bag inside. T

g or fixation d

dispenser and

between SCA

efits from this

get feedback o

ng the project.

detailed inves

which might

e stable investi

vestigation of

n looked into r

e consumer us

he top. This w

The placemen

devices. One id

d the bin bag i

A and the car

cooperation?

on the concept

.

stigation

seem a bit

igation base

suitable

roughly. The

se since the

will cut of

t of the

dea that

in the car

It is also

t serie, but

REFERENCE 73

REFERENCE

Books

Bergman Lars R & Wärneryd Bo; 1982, Om datainsamling i surveyundersökningar,

SCB/Liber

ISBN 91-38-07233-5

Dahmström Karin; 2005, Från datainsamling till rapport, Studentlitteratur AB, Forth

Edition

ISBN 91-44-04352-X

Hamrin Åsa & Nyberg Malin; 1993, Compendium Produktutformning, Luleå University of

Technology

Jobber David; 2004, Principles and Practice of Marketing, McGraw-Hill, Fourth Edition

ISBN 0-07-710708-X

Johannesson Hans, Persson Gunnar & Pettersson Dennis; 2004, Produktutveckling, Liber

AB

ISBN 91-47-05225-2

Pahl G & Beitz W; 1999, Engineering Design, Springer Verlag, Second Edition

ISBN 3-540-19917-9

Pheasant Stephen; 2001, Bodyspace- Anthropmetry, Ergonomics and the Design of Work,

Taylor&Francis, Second Edition

ISBN 0-7484-0067-2

SCA Hygiene Paper; 1997, Hygien på jobbet, Göteborg TABS

Tonnquist Gunnar; 1995, Färgsystemanalys, Byggforskningsrådet

ISBN 91-540-5698-5

Ulrich Karl T & Eppinger Steven D; 2003, Product design and development, McGraw-Hill,

Third Edition

ISBN 007247146-8

Internet Source

Internet 1: http://www.sca.com (2008-06-15)

Internet 2: http://www.improvinghygiene.com (2008-06-15)

Internet 3: www.inda.org (2008-10-28)

74 REFERENCE

Internet 4: www.inda.org (2008-10-30)

Internet 5: www.ne.se (2008-06-26)

Internet 6: http://machinedesign.com/BDE/materials/bdemat4/rvmat3d.html (2008 -07-

25)

Internet 7: http://lotsen.ivf.se/?path=/KonsLotsen/Bok/Kap2/Materialkategorier/

(2008 – 07-26)

Internet 8: http://www.nutek.se/sb/d/604/a/1821 (2008-08-20)

Internet 9: http://www.axiomaticdesign.com/technology/icad/icad2006/icad2006_21.pdf

(2008-12-01)

Internet 10: www.skane.se/upload/Webbplatser/Utvecklingscentrum/dokument/

fokusgrupper_memeologen.doc (2008-09-14)

Internet 11: http://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/en_us/products/nx/ (2008-11-12)

Internet 12: http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/index?id=6871131&siteID=123112

(2008-11-12)

Internet 13: http://www.efunda.com/processes/rapid_prototyping/intro.cfm (2008-12-10)

Internet 14: http://lotsen.ivf.se/?path=/KonsLotsen/Bok/Kap2/Materialkategorier/ (2009-

01-08)

Internet 15: http://www.tss.trelleborg.com/se/www/se/homepage.jsp (2009-01-08)

APPENDIX 75

APPENDIX

Appendix 1 – Planning and design process

Appendix 2 – Time plan

Appendix 3 – Mission statement

Appendix 4 – Interview questions

Appendix 5 – Interpreting raw data into consumer needs

Appendix 6 – Organising the needs

Appendix 7 – Establish important needs

Appendix 8 – Product specification

Appendix 9 – SWOT - analyse

Appendix 10 - Concept Scoring Matrix

76 APPEN

AppendixSource: Paul a

NDIX

x 1- Planninand Beitz

ng and dessign processs

APPENDIX 77

Appendix 2 - Time plan

78 Mission Statement

Appendix 3 – Mission statement

Mission Statement

Product Description A concept that exclusively holds SCA’s paper

and can enter the market for consumer

dispensers and compete with existing products.

Key Buisness Goals Study the existing market of consumer

dispensers for car segment.

Analyse and evaluate the consumers’ needs for

dispensers in the car.

Develop and design a new type of dispenser for

the consumer car segment.

Primary Market Consumers in need of wet and/or dry paper in

the car

Secondary Market Consumers having a car

Assumptions and Constraints Designed for ordinary car models

Exclusively holds SCA’s paper

Both the Swedish and German market will be

taken into consideration

All documents will be made in English

Stakeholders Producer

Distributer

User

Questions for consumers having a car 79

Appendix 4 - Interview questions

During the interview I showed pictures of other dispensers and design products that had

relevance to the project.

Questions for consumers having a car

Instructions

My name is Anna and I am doing my master thesis for a company called SCA. They are a

global paper company that develops, produces and markets personal care products, tissue,

packaging solutions, publication papers and solid-wood products.

My task is to investigate the consumer needs for wiper products in the in the car.

I am going to ask you a few questions to observe your thoughts and needs when it comes to

wiper products and holders in the in the car or at the boat. By holder I mean the package or

container that’s holding the paper. All answers are strictly anonymous.

Thank you for answering the questions!

Age

20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60+

Gender Female / Male

Nationality

Status

If you need to clean up in the car, what do you do?

Perhaps you could put me through a scenario? For example if you spill some Coca Cola,

what do you do? Or if you spill some crackers, what do you do?

80 Questions for consumers having a car

Are you using any wiping products in the car? If so, what kind? Wet or dry?

In what purpose are you using wiping products?

Do you have a holder/dispenser for your wiper products?

Who in the family uses the wiper product? Who buys it? Where?

How often do you buy wiper products? How big is usually the package?

Are you satisfied with your dispenser? If not, why?

If you had a choice between different types of wipes (tissue, wet wipe, textile), which would

you choose? Why?

What system (wiper product + holder) du you prefer? Why? (Show appendix 1)


What are the most important factors when it comes to buying and using a wiper product?

What is the most important factor when it comes to buying and using a holder?

Considering the systems below (show the system board), which system do you think are the

most and the leas:

- hygienic? Why?

- efficient? Why?

- user-friendly and functional? Why?

Where in the car would you like to place the dispenser? Why?

If you where to buy a new dispenser, how much would you focus on design?

What type of design would you look for?


Would you consider any of the ones on the paper? (Show appendix 2)

What material would you like for the dispenser? Why?

How much are you willing to pay for a dispenser?

Are you environmentally involved? How?

What do you consider good for the environment when it comes to buying wiper product?

What do you consider good for the environment when it comes to buying a dispenser?


Appendix 5 - Interpreting raw data into consumer needs

Question/Prompt Consumer Statement Interpreted need Typical uses All of the people in the car uses the

paper The dispenser has to fit everywhere

I want my hands to be completely dry after I’ve used the paper

The system dries the hands completely

I use the paper for more things than my hands, like object wiping

The system can be used for other things then hands

Likes current system Plastic is good for the dispenser since it is

easy to clean (x2) Plastic dispenser is easy to clean

The dispenser takes up a small space(x3) The dispenser is small

I like wet wipes that smells good Smells good

The system is makes it easy to tear of the paper

The system can tear of paper easily

I like that I can decide how much paper I can pull out (x2)

The system provide as much paper as the consumer needs

I like that there is just a few paper cheats in the package

Small package

Easy to pull the paper The paper is easily pulled

Wet wipes can be used to everything The paper can be used for everything

It is functional The dispenser is user-friendly

I like the price The price is as low as possible

The paper has good absorption The paper has good absorption

Textile has a good absorption The system has good absorption

I like tissue to wipe my nose with The paper is soft

Dislike – current system The dispenser is not very suitable in the

car (x4) The dispenser is integrated with the car

The cover on the dispenser is not good The dispenser needs to have a working sealing

I don’t want waste in the car, especially for wet wipes

The dispenser handles the waste in the car

If the dispenser gets dirty I want to be able to clean it

The dispenser can be easily cleaned

I don’t like toilet paper in the car, it gets dusty (x3)

The paper is dust-free

I would like for the dispenser to be more colourful

The dispenser is colourful

The paper doesn’t keep the paper fresh The dispenser can keep the paper fresh

I don’t like when the paper on the roll is exposed (x2)

The dispenser can cover all of the paper


The centerbox gives more paper than you want

The dispenser provides the amount of paper that is wanted

I don’t like when the paper crumples The paper is strong

The system don’t have a refill (x4) The dispenser has a refill system

I can’t tear the paper while driving The paper can be torn with one hand

I don’t like when my hands smell The paper makes the hands smell good

There is too much lotion in the wet wipes The wet wipes have a small amount of lotion

Single package paper is not good for the environment

The system is good for the environment

The dispenser is not safe if it is loose The dispenser can be fixed

If the dispenser is seen it has to look good (x4)

The dispenser looks good

Suggested improvements It would be better if the dispenser was

fixed in the car The dispenser is fixed in the car

If the dispenser holds longer it is good for the environment

The dispenser is environment-friendly

The dispenser has no sharp edges The dispenser has no sharp edges

It is good if you don’t have to tear paper while driving

The system isn’t hard to tear

I’d like the paper to have a perforation The paper has a perforation

I like large cheats The dispenser provides large cheats

I like the dispenser to have a harmonic design

The dispenser has a harmonic design

Soft plastic material don’t get hot when exposed to sunshine

The material don’t get hot when exposed to sunshine

The dispenser is durable (x3) The dispenser is durable

The dispenser has a bin bag The dispenser has a bin bag

The dispenser is easy to refill The dispenser is easy to refill

Since I use both wet wipes and dry tissue a duo would be good

The dispenser contains a duo solution

Textile material for the dispenser Textile material for the dispenser

I like the dispenser to be placed by the neck

The dispenser is placed by the neck

I like a soft package that is mobile Soft package that is mobile


Appendix 6 – Organising the needs

The dispenser is easy to cleanPlastic is good for the dispenser since it is easy to clean

Plastic dispenser is easy to clean

If the dispenser gets dirty I want to clean it

The dispenser can be easily cleaned

The dispenser prevents paper from ending on the floor I don’t want waste in the car, especially for wet wipes

The dispenser handles the waste in the car

The dispenser has a wastebasket The dispenser has a waste basket

The dispenser size is practical The dispenser takes up a small space The dispenser is small

I like that there is just a few paper cheats in the package

The dispenser has just a few cheats in the package

The dispenser appearance appeal to everyone All of the people in the car users the paper

The dispenser has to fit everywhere

The dispenser is not very suitable in the car

The dispenser is integrated with the car

I would like for the dispenser to be more colourful

The dispenser is colourful

If the dispenser is seen it has to look good

The dispenser looks good

I like wet wipes that smell good The wet wipes smells good

It is functional The dispenser is user-friendly

I don’t like when my hands smell The paper makes the hands smell good

I don’t like sharp edges The dispenser has no sharp edges

I like the dispenser to have a harmonic design

The dispenser has a harmonic design

Since I use both wet wipes and dry tissue, a duo would be good

The dispenser contains a duo solution

The system is environmentally friendly Single package paper is not good for the environment

The system is good for the environment

If the dispenser holds longer it is good for the environment

The dispenser is environment-friendly


The dispenser is durable The dispenser is durable

Textile material for the dispenser Textile material for the dispenser


I want my hands to be completely dry after I’ve used the paper

The system dries the hands completely

There is too much lotion in the wet wipes The wet wipes have a small amount of lotion

The cover on the dispenser is not good The dispenser needs to have a working sealing The system can be used for more than hands

I use the paper for more things than my hands, like object wiping

The system can be used for other things then hands

Wet wipes can be used to everything The paper can be used for everything The dispenser pulls out and tear the paper easily

The system is makes it easy to tear of the paper

The system can tear of paper easily

Easy to pull the paper The paper is easily pulledI don’t like when the paper on the roll is exposed

The dispenser can cover all of the paper

It is good if you don’t have to tear paper while driving

The system isn’t hard to tear

I’d like the paper to have a perforation The paper has a perforation


I like that I can decide how much paper I can pull out

The system provide as much paper as the customer needs

I can’t tear the paper while driving The paper can be torn with one hand

The centerbox gives more paper than wanted

The dispenser provides the amount of paper that is wanted

I like large cheats The dispenser provides large cheats

The system has good quality

The paper has good absorption The paper has good absorption

Textile has a good absorption The system has good absorption I like tissue to wipe my nose with The paper is softI don’t like toilet paper in the car, it gets dusty

The paper is dust-free

I don’t like when the paper crumples The paper is strong

Soft plastic material don’t get hot hen exposed to sunshine

The material don’t get hot when exposed to sunshine

The dispenser doesn’t keep the paper fresh

The dispenser can keep the paper fresh



The dispenser is not safe if it is loose The dispenser can be fixed

It would be better if the dispenser was fixed in the car

The dispenser is fixed in the car

I like the dispenser to be placed by the neck

The dispenser is placed by the neck

I like a soft package that is mobile Soft package that is mobile


I like the price The price is as low as possible

The system doesn’t have a refill The dispenser has a refill system

The dispenser is easy to refill The dispenser has a simple refill


Appendix 7 – Establish important needs. Interpreted needs

A The dispenser is easy to clean

B The dispenser prevents paper from ending on the floor

C The dispenser size is practical

D The dispenser appearance appeal to everyone

E The system is environmentally friendly

F The system is hygienic

G The system can be used for more than hands

H The dispenser pulls and tears of the paper easily

I The dispenser provides the wanted amount of paper

J The system has good quality

K The placement of the dispenser is practical

L The system is cost efficient A B C D E F G H I J K L Tot %

A 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 0 1 2 14 9.5

B 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 8 5.5

C 1 2 1 2 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 1 13 8.9

D 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 2 0 0 1 9 6.2

E 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 9 6.2

F 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 20 13.7

G 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 2 0 1 1 11 7.5

H 0 2 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 8 5.5

I 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 9 6.2

J 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 24 16.4

K 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 2 1 0 1 1 13 8.9

L 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 8 5.5

Result:

J The system has good quality (16.4)

F The system is hygienic (13.7)

A The dispenser is easy to clean (9.5)

C The dispenser size is practical (8.9)

K The placement of the dispenser is practical (8.9)

G The system can be used for more than hands (7.5)


D The dispenser appearance appeal to everyone (6.2)

E The system is environmentally friendly (6.2)

I The dispenser provides the wanted amount of paper (6.2)

B The dispenser prevents paper from ending on the floor (5.5)

H The dispenser pulls and tears of the paper easily (5.5)

L The system is cost efficient (5.5)


Appendix 8 – Product Specification

SCA PRODUCT SPECIFICATION

Requirements list for a dispenser in the car desirable functions in the car

Issued on

11/9/2008 Page: 1

Changes D/W Requirements Resp.

D

W

1. Geometry:

The products fit the spaces in the car.

The size of the product is satisfying.

D

D

W

W

2. Forces:

The product manages the weight of any content.

The product is durable when used.

The product is stable.

The product is durable.

D

D

D

W

W

W

W

D

3. Material:

The product consist only non-toxic material.

The product consist no dangerous material.

The product manages temperature variations between

-50 and +100 degrees Celsius.

The product manages all temperatures.

The product is water resistant.

The product is durable even if tossed around in the car.

The product is repellent to dust and dirt.

The product is washable.

D

D

4. Safety:

The product is user friendly.

The product is fire safe.

D

W

W

D

W

W

W

W

5. Ergonomics:

The product is visible.

The product has good visibility.

The product allows intuitive use.

The product fits in its location.

The product has a good grip.

The product has good vision ergonomics.

The product had good aesthetics.

The product is convenient to use.


D

D

D

6. Storage:

The product can contain paper.

The product can handle waste.

The product can contain both wet and dry paper.

D

W

7. Production:

The product can be manufactured.

The product is easily manufactured.


Appendix 9 - SWOT Analyse Dispenser Concept 1 – Rubber Cassette

Strength Weakness

Can dispense in two directions The cover stands out

Rubber material = new and safe The cover gets too thick

Environmentally friendly Flow pack for dry sheets are needed

Opportunity Threat

High market potential in Germany and Scandinavia

Rubber is perishable

Rubber or Silicon is trendy Rubber can taken for unhygienic

The product is proprietary

Concept 2 – Cardboard roll

Strength Weakness

Environmentally friendly The dispense function works poorly

The refill is very cheap Complicated extend function

The paper is not fully covered

Opportunity Threat

Easy to pack in piles Easy to copy for volume manufactures

SCA communicates cardboard instead of plastic dispensers

Other rolls can be used, therefore not proprietary

Can sell as both dispenser and just the rolls

Concept 3 – Regular pocket

Strength Weakness

Placement and material can vary Doesn’t stand out among products

Familiar to consumers

Opportunity Threat

Improving an established product Not innovative

The material can be soft, therefore safe in the car

Not proprietary


Bin Bag Concept 1– Irregular Floor Bin Bag

Strength Weakness

Can use it on the floor No real good placement

Can use it by hanging The design is too robust

It can be fixed to the floor carpet If the car makes sudden breaks it can move

It takes up a large space by the legs

Can be hard to reach for some people

Opportunity Threat

Can fit many different car models The construction is too complicated

Not all cars has a floor carpet

Many cars has a small space on the floor

Concept 2 – Multiple Plastic Bin Bags

Strength Weakness

Placement can vary Because of the form it can’t be placed everywhere

The form communicates SCA-brand

Consumers likes refills

Opportunity Threat

SCA can make profit on both the dispenser and the refill-bags

The consumer only buys the refill bags

Communicates SCA-brands

Concept 3 – Duo Bin Bag

Strength Weakness

Can hold both bin bag and tissue The product needs to be big

Good for consumers who consume a lot It doesn’t fit everywhere

Good if consumers wants both dry and wet paper

Opportunity ThreatCan be in two markets Complicated construction

Can use existing tissue products Needs lots of different materials

If the dispenser is unpopular the whole product has to be dismissed


Appendix 10 – Concept Scoring Matrix

Dispenser

Basic shape Slim Round edges Sharp edges

Selection Criteria Weight (%) Ranking Score Ranking Score Ranking ScoreAppeal to a broad range of consumers 17 3 0.51 4 0.68 2 0.34 Fit into the interior 19 3 0.57 3 0.57 3 0.57 Has a new design 20 3 0.6 3 0.6 3 0.6 Communicates the Edet and Zewa brand 20 3 0.6 5 1 2 0.4 Low manufacturing cost 16 3 0.48 2 0.32 4 0.64 Easy to clean 8 3 0.24 4 0.32 2 0.16 Total Score 100 3 3.49 2.71 Ranking 2 1 3 Continued Development Maybe Yes No

Material

Silicone Plastic Silic. & plas. –tra.

Selection Criteria Weight (%) Ranking Score Ranking Score Ranking ScoreSoft material 20 3 0.6 2 0.4 4 0.8 Easy to handle during manufacturing 6 3 0.18 4 0.24 2 0.12 Low manufacturing cost 10 3 0.3 4 0.4 3 0.3 User friendly 16 3 0.48 2 0.32 4 0.64 Durable 19 3 0.57 3 0.57 5 0.95 Environmentally friendly 15 3 0.45 2 0.3 3 0.45 Easy to clean 14 3 0.42 4 0.56 3 0.42 Total Score 100 3 2.79 3.68 Ranking 2 3 1 Continued Development Maybe No Yes

Colour Discrete Colourful Contrast

Selection Criteria Weight (%) Ranking Score Ranking Score Ranking ScoreSuit several car interiors 19 3 0.57 2 0.38 2 0.38 Appeal to a wide range of consumers 20 3 0.6 3 0.6 2 0.4 Express good hygiene 22 3 0.66 3 0.66 3 0.66 Match the shape-language 26 3 0.78 3 0.78 3 0.78 Durable 13 3 0.39 2 0.26 2 0.26 Total Score 100 3 2.68 2.48 Ranking 1 2 3 Continued Development yes Maybe Maybe

Volume Centerfeed Large - 30 sheets Small - 20 sheets

Selection Criteria Weight (%) Ranking Score Ranking Score Ranking Score Small as possible 40 3 1.2 2 0.8 4 1.6 Hold the material 25 3 0.75 4 1 3 0.75 Easy to transport 15 3 0.45 2 0.3 3 0.45 Low manufacturing cost 20 3 0.6 3 0.6 4 0.8 Total Score 100 3 2.7 3.6 Ranking 2 3 1 Continued Development Maybe No Yes


Bin Bag

Volume Large – 2 litre Medium – 1,5 Litre Small – 1 litre

Selection Criteria Weight (%) Ranking Score Ranking Score Ranking Score Small as possible 40 2 0.8 3 1.2 4 1.6 Hold the material 25 3 0.75 3 0.75 3 0.75 Easy to transport 15 2 0.3 3 0.45 4 0.6 Low manufacturing cost 20 3 0.6 3 0.6 3 0.6 Total Score 100 2.45 3 3.55 Ranking 3 2 1 Continued Development No Maybe Yes

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