i

ABSTRACT

ii

APPROVAL

iii

DECLARATION

iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

v

TABLE OF CONTENT

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL ................................................................................................................................................. ii

DECLARATION ......................................................................................................................................... iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................................................................................................................... iv

TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................................................ v

LIST OF FIGURS ....................................................................................................................................... vii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Problem statement ......................................................................................................................... 2

1.3 Objectives: .................................................................................................................................... 2

1.4 Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 2

1.5 Scope of the work ......................................................................................................................... 3

1.6 Report outline ................................................................................................................................ 4

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................................... 5

2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 5

2.2 Basic concepts ............................................................................................................................... 5

2.2.1 Remote control ...................................................................................................................... 5

2.2.2 Infrared transmission............................................................................................................. 6

2.3 Other Control Methods ................................................................................................................. 6

2.3.1 Ultrasonic Control Method ................................................................................................... 7

2.3.2 Radio Frequency (RF) Control Method ................................................................................ 7

2.3.3 AC Power Line Control Method ........................................................................................... 8

2.4 How Infrared Remote Control work ............................................................................................. 9

2.5 Limitation of Infrared Remote Control ....................................................................................... 11

CHAPTER 3: METHOD AND IMPLEMENTATION .............................................................................. 12

3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 12

3.2 Block diagram of the system:...................................................................................................... 12

3.3 Transmitter .................................................................................................................................. 13

3.4 Detection ..................................................................................................................................... 15

3.5 Sampler ....................................................................................................................................... 16

vi

3.6 Control Stepper and Display Unit ............................................................................................... 17

3.7 Control Unit ................................................................................................................................ 17

3.8 The Power Section ...................................................................................................................... 17

3.9 4017B .......................................................................................................................................... 18

References ................................................................................................................................................... 19

vii

LIST OF FIGURS

Figure1.1 : FYP1 Gantt chart .......................................................................................................... 3

Figure2.1: Infrared Remote Control work .................................................................................... 10

Figure3.1: System block diagram ................................................................................................. 12

Figure3.2: Circuit of transmitter device ........................................................................................ 14

Figure3.3.: Circuit diagram of the detector ................................................................................... 16

1

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview

2

than 99 percent of all TV set and 100 percent of all VCR and DVD players sold

are equipped with remote controls. The average individual these days probably picks up a

remote control at least once or twice a day [6].

1.2 Problem statement

When talking about remote control, the available types include infrared, wireless,

and Radio wave control are widely available in the market and there are many studies

regarding this matter. However, these remotes are complex and expensive, while the idea

is mostly easy. Besides that, RF control makes a lot of interface with other electronic

devices.

1.3 Objectives:

1. To design a simple IR remote control circuit.

2. To stimulate it by using some standard software like Matlab and Pspice.

3. To develop a prototype for 3 lights and 1 fan with 3 states of speed control.

4. To evaluate the design.

1.4 Methodology

Project methodology for FYP 1 includes following steps which start with

reviewing the previous works. Furthermore, the next step starts with selection of

components and ends with designing the energy meter system. The following step

concludes the whole work. All these activities besides to report drafting and submitting

are represented in Gantt chart in figure1 below which also shows the time necessary to

3

accomplish every tasks in terms of weeks. There are also some differences between the

planned time of each task and the actual time. This delay happens because of getting busy

with other subjects in the course and postponing the work of FYP.

A

Figure1.1: FYP1 Gantt chart

A: Registration and title selection.

B: Literature review and research.

C: Project design.

D: Concluding remarks.

E: Drafting.

F: Submission.

1.5 Scope of the work

The scope of this study is mentioned below:

i. Selection of components and materials and designing the infrared remote control.

ii. Developing a method for data transfer from IR transmitter to an electric device.

iii. Test the level of system performance.

4

1.6 Report outline

This paper will deal with four essential chapters that provide an overall covering

to the project contents. The first chapter represents an introductory part that briefly

discusses an overview of IR remote control. The second chapter deals with literature

review that consists of several parts such as basic concepts about infrared. It covers a

review of previous researches on different types of remote control with their advantages

and shortcoming.

The third chapter of this report mainly discusses remote control system design

which initially begins by highlighting the infrared diode and transistors. In addition, it

deals with hardware components selection of the circuit, namely; encoder, modulator, IR

driver, IR diode, IR prototype, low pass filter, demodulator and decoder. The forth

chapter covers the implementation of the whole system along with the results of the

experiments done in this project. Conclusion is the last chapter that contains a summary

of whole contents of this report and some recommendations for implementing the design.

5

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

This chapter basically deals with an introductory part of the project by reviewing

some of the basic concepts in control.

2.2 Basic concepts

This part will discuss basic concepts related to control system. It will cover an

overview about remote control, infrared transmission.

2.2.1 Remote control

A remote control is an electronics device component used to control which most

commonly a used with television set, DVD player etc. Originally, is used for operating

another device wirelessly from a short line-of-sight distance. Nowadays, Remote control

has continually evolved and advanced to include motion sensor, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth

connectivity, GPS to enable capabilities and voice control. [3]

Usually, remote controls are operating throughout two ways: IR and radio signals.

The remote controls used to issue commands from a distance to any other consumer

electronics device. Remote controls are usually small wireless handheld model while it is

rarely come as wired object specially nowadays we can say that there is no more such

remotes. The user just press with an array of buttons for adjusting different setting

settings ex. change channel, increase volume. Most of the electrical device has its own

control bottom but the remote is used only for easier usage and more convertibility. At

the same time most of the remote controls communicate with their electric device through

an infrared signal while a few via radio signals. However, the first remote controls were

6

using ultrasonic tones in 1973. The remote controls its electric device trough specific

code which must be different from any other device code because if so there will be

wrong reading for the signal which is usually happen during using of radio wave.

2.2.2 Infrared transmission

Infrared transmission refers to energy which is locate in the region of the

electromagnetic radiation spectrum at wavelengths longer than visible light, but shorter

radio waves. To illustrate, infrared frequencies are the frequency which is higher than

microwaves frequencies and lower than visible light frequency.

Most scientists are dividing the infrared radiation (IR) spectrum into three main

regions depending on its wavelengths which is usually specified in microns (µ), or in

nanometers (nm). The nearest IR region contains energy in the range of wavelengths

closest to the visible (from750nm to 1300nm). The intermediate IR region called the

middle IR band consists of energy in the range (from1300nm to 3000nm). The far IR

region extends from (3000 nm to 1.4000 x 104 nm).

2.3 Other Control Methods

This part of this chapter delves into the other ideas that are used to get similar result to

this research which is controlling an electrical device and will explore their significant

strength and weakness.

7

2.3.1 Ultrasonic Control Method

2.3.2 Radio Frequency (RF) Control Method

8

2.3.3 AC Power Line Control Method

9

2.4 How Infrared Remote Control work

10

11

2.5 Limitation of Infrared Remote Control

12

CHAPTER 3: METHOD AND IMPLEMENTATION

3.1 Introduction

It is very common in designing any of application to find out the cheap and high

quality products that cost a little and work for a period of long time. In this project for

designing of a remote control system, the most important factors to be achieved in the

design are the cost and simplicity of the circuit. The cost will be minimized be choosing a

cheap circuit components, low cost IR component.

3.2 Block diagram of the system:

Basically, a remote control works in the following manner. A button is pressed.

This completes a specific connection which produces a Morse code line signal specific to

that button. The transistor amplifies the signal and sends it to the LED which translates

the signal into infrared light. The sensor on the appliance detects the infrared light and

reacts appropriately.

Figure3.1: System block diagram

13

3.3 Transmitter

14

15

.

3.4 Detection

16

3.5 Sampler

17

3.6 Control Stepper and Display Unit

3.7 Control Unit

3.8 The Power Section

18

3.9 4017B

19

References

[1] Freeman, William T., and Craig Weissman. "Television control by hand gestures." Proc. of

Intl. Workshop on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition. 1995.

[2] Forrest M. Mims III, Engineer’s Mini Notebook, Volume I. Timer, Op Amp &

Optoelectronic Circuits & Projects, 1st Ed., Master Publishing, 1986.

[3] Theraja B.L., Theraja A.K., A text book of electrical technology, Ed. 21st, Publisher;

publication of division of Nirja construction and Development co., Ltd. Ram Nagar., 1994.

[4] Horowitz P., Hill W., The art of Electronics, 2nd Ed., Cambridge University Press, U.S.A.,

1995.

[5] HowStuffWorks, 1998-2006, Available at: http://www.howstuffworks.com/.[ 12/ 12 /2014]

[6] SB-Projects, Infra-Red Remote Control Theory, Available at: http://www.sbprojects.com,

2004. [ 12/ 12 /2014]