Design of a Community centre for the settlement Zandspruit

P5 PresentationArchitectural Engineering

Graduation studio

Design of a Community centre for the settlement

Zandspruit

Name: Denise StevensStudent nr: 42229701st mentor: Mo Smit2nd mentor: Marcel BilowDate: 24-01-2020

2

My trip to Southern Africa

Gauteng

Johannesburg

3

Volunteering

MultipleOrganizations

4

Pastor Emmanuel

5

Zandspruit

6

‘You would not survive one night in my house’

7

What could I do to help?

9

Creation of settlements

• Rural population

10


• Rural population migrates to the city

11

+ -


+ ++

+ - + -

12

• Difficulty with ownership of land or house

• Finding a job

• Difficult transition to middle class areas

• Noise disturbance

• Food insecurity

• Crowded

• Safety

• Bad living conditions

Problems of settlements

13



• Finding a job



• Food insecurity

• Crowded

• Safety


14

Focus

? + +

15

Research

What is the potential of waste material in the process of upgrading a shack house?

16

Research

Paper, cardboard & plastic Paper & water Paper, cardboard & plastic

17

Research

INSPIRATION SHEETPlastic bottles

The South African population uses more than 3 million PET bottles a year, but only half of this amount is being recycled. A lot of plastic bottles are thrown away after just one use and end up on a landfill site. If you have plastic bottles but can’t or don’t want to recycle them, you can use them to improve or decorate your house.

Introduction

Insulation1.

2.

3.

4.

Why?Insulation makes the house warmer during winter and cooler during summer.

Tools needed

Tools

Additives

Time frame

Additional material

Ventilation

Materials needed

Take the plastic pieces and put it into the plastic bottles. Make sure to not put too much into one bottle. There still needs to be enough space left

Take a piece of cardboard, place the bottles on it and draw a circle around the cap. Cut out the circles

Take the cap from the bot-tle, place the neck through the opening and screw the cap back on. Repeat for all bottles

bottles - paper/plastic - cardboard

5.

6.By covering up the panels the insulation works even better

Cut out the rest of the carboard to fit around the bottles. Connect them together. The panel is finished. Repeat for whole house insulation

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Why?Ventilating the house makes the house cooler when its warm. This panel can be placed in the win-dow frame when desired

Tools needed

Tools

Additives

Time frame

Additional material

Materials needed

bottles - cardboard

Collect a lot of bottles and cardboard that would fit in the window frame

Cut holes out the board for the bottles. Make sure to space them enough so the bottles fit

Cut the bottles in half with the knife

Cut away the top of the bottle caps

Mount the bottles on the board and screw the caps back on

7.The panel is finished and can be placed inside the window frame. It is important to place the big openings on the outside and the small openings on the inside

Table

Tools

Additives

Time frame

Additional material

Hand tools Small electric* Big machinery

None

Hours

None

Natural**

1 day

One

Chemical

Multiple days

Multiple* Drill machine, blender, shredder** Water, sugar, flower

INSPIRATION SHEETPlastic bottles

The South African population uses more than 3 million PET bottles a year, but only half of this amount is being recycled. A lot of plastic bottles are thrown away after just one use and end up on a landfill site. If you have plastic bottles but can’t or don’t want to recycle them, you can use them to improve or decorate your house.

Introduction Table

Gardening1.

2.

3.

4.

Why?Grow your own herbs and vegetables. Or use the hangers for plants to deco-rate the house or garden

Tools needed

Tools

Additives

Time frame

Additional material


None

Hours

None

Natural**

1 day

One

Chemical

Multiple days

Multiple

Tools

Additives

Time frame

Additional material

Lighting

Materials needed

* Drill machine, blender, shredder** Water, sugar, flower

Take a bottle and cut it in half. Repeat this step for a few bottles

Make 2 holes in the sides of the bottle pieces, big enough to fit a rope

Put a rope through one hole and make a knot at the end. Repeat for the other side. You can place as many bottle pieces onto a rope as you would like

bottles - rope - soil

5.

6.The hanger is done. Now place the soil and seeds into the bottles and hang it in a sunny place

Make a hole in the bottom of each bottle piece. This is either the bottom of the bottle or the cap

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Why?To have light inside the house during the day without having to use electricity

Tools needed

Tools

Additives

Time frame

Additional material

Materials needed

bottles - sheets - glue - water

Take a sheet and cut out a hole the size of the plastic bottle. Then make small incisions in the rim

Push the bottle through the opening. Secure the bottle onto the sheet with the help of glue

Fill the bottle with water and a bit of bleach

Cut a hole in the roof the size of the bottle. Place the bottle with sheet onto the roof ansd secure with glue

The last step is securing the bottle cap with glue

7.The light is now finished and should make it lighter inside during the day

7.A lot of variations are possible with these materials This ‘Liter of Light’ is an open source design, initiated by the MyShelter Foundation

INSPIRATION SHEETCardboard

Cardboard is a material that is mostly used by offices and stores to pack objects, food etc. Cardboard can be brought to a recycle centre but can also be used for improving the house, f.i. making insulation panels or furniture.

Introduction

Insulation panel 1.


Tools needed

Tools

Additives

Time frame

Additional material

Furniture

Materials needed

Take the cardboard and draw measurements of how big you want the panels to be

Cut the cardboard and make undeep cuts where the cardboard needs to fold

Attach the sides onto the carboard with glue, nails or another material

cardboard - paper/plastic

The panels can be stacked to create an insulating wall

The panel is ready and can be loosely filled with paper shreds or plastic. Repeat the steps to create panels for the entire house

Why?If you need an extra stool or table, carboard is the ideal material to make this furniture in a fast and simple way

Tools needed

Tools

Additives

Time frame

Additional material

Materials needed

Cardboard

Take a piece of cardboard and draw two rectangles and a circle. make sure the rectangles have two small parts sticking out on the top to click the circle on in a later step

Cut out the pieces. Make incisions in the longitudinal direction till halfway. Make 4 incisions in the circle, matching the distance of the parts of the rectangles

Make the two rectangles slides into each other at the place of the incisions. This way a cross is formed

Place the circle on top and make sure it is secure and stable enough to sit on

The stool is finished.A lot of other furniture can be made in a simple way by using cardboard

Table

Tools

Additives

Time frame

Additional material


None

Hours

None

Natural**

1 day

One

Chemical

Multiple days

Multiple* Drill machine, blender, shredder** Water, sugar, flower

2.

3.

4.

5.

6. 6.

5.

4.

3.

2.

1.

INSPIRATION SHEETPaper

The material paper can be seen of one of the biggest types of waste generated in South Africa. This waste is produced by offices and private households. A lot of paper isn’t being reycled. Next to recycling, paper waste is a simple and perfect material to improve your house by using it as insulation.

Introduction Table

Insulation1.


Tools needed

Tools

Additives

Time frame

Additional material


None

Hours

None

Natural**

1 day

One

Chemical

Multiple days

Multiple

Tools

Additives

Time frame

Additional material

Insulation

Materials needed


Shred the paper into strips, by hand or with a paper shredder

Make the paper strips even smaller by hand or by using a scissor and put them in a bowl or bucket

Add water to the paper shreds and leave it to soak for some time

paper - water

Get the excess water out by using a sieve

Whilst still in the water, make the paper shreds smaller by ripping it with your hands or by using a blender

Tools needed

Tools

Additives

Time frame

Additional material

Materials needed

paper - water - plastic

Start with the paper pulp that can be created by following the steps on the left side of this page

Take an object that could function as a mold, like a brick (example uses a cake form) and cover with plastic

Take the paper pulp and press it on the mold. Make sure the layer is thick enough to give it strength and stability

Leave the mold to dry in the sun. Regularly check to see if it is already dry

When the mold is finished it can be filled with paper shreds as insulation

Repeat the steps for insu-lation for the entire house, and stack them like a wall

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

6.

5.

4.

3.

2.

1.


Leave the paper pulp to dry in the sun. After this it can be processed further or used as insulation filling in panels

7.

( )

INSPIRATION SHEETPaper

The material paper can be seen of one of the biggest types of waste generated in South Africa. This waste is produced by offices and private households. A lot of paper isn’t being reycled. Next to recycling, paper waste is a simple and perfect material to improve your house by using it as insulation.

Introduction Table

Insulation1.


Tools needed

Tools

Additives

Time frame

Additional material


None

Hours

None

Natural**

1 day

One

Chemical

Multiple days

Multiple

Tools

Additives

Time frame

Additional material

Insulation

Materials needed


Shred the paper into strips, by hand or with a paper shredder

Make the paper strips even smaller by hand or by using a scissor and put them in a bowl or bucket

Add water to the paper shreds and leave it to soak for some time

paper - water

Get the excess water out by using a sieve

Whilst still in the water, make the paper shreds smaller by ripping it with your hands or by using a blender

Tools needed

Tools

Additives

Time frame

Additional material

Materials needed

paper - water - plastic

Start with the paper pulp that can be created by following the steps on the left side of this page

Take an object that could function as a mold, like a sheet (example uses an oven tray) and cover with plastic

Take the paper pulp and press it on the mold. Make sure the layer is thick enough to give it strength and stability

Leave the mold to dry in the sun. Regularly check to see if it is already dry

When the mold is finished it can be filled with paper shreds as insulation

Repeat the steps for insu-lation for the entire house, and use it as boards

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

6.

5.

4.

3.

2.

1.


Leave the paper pulp to dry in the sun. After this it can be processed further or used as insulation filling in panels

7.

( )

INSPIRATION SHEETTires

As South Africa has a lot of cars driving around, the country also counts a lot of tires that are being thrown away. Stockpiles count millions of tires, to which about 10 million every year are added.The business of recycling these tires only just started. The tires can also be used to improve the house construction or as decoration like furniture.

Introduction Table

Furniture1.

Why?Easy to make furniture that could be used indoors and outdoors

Tools needed

Tools

Additives

Time frame

Additional material


None

Hours

None

Natural**

1 day

One

Chemical

Multiple days

Multiple

Tools

Additives

Time frame

Additional material

Construction

Materials needed


Collect a couple of tires. You need two or three to make a chair

Make 32 holes at the same distance of each other in the upper rim, big enough to fit the rope/elastic

Pull the elastic from the inside to the outside, mak-ing a knot in the end. Put the elastic from outside to inside 8 holes further

tires - rope/elastic

Repeat step 5, but change the direction a quarter turn. Go over the first elastic and under the second, making a braided pattern to make it strong enough

Make the elastic come out on the hole next to it and cross it over to the other side, place it outside in and repeat until you have 8 lines.

Why?Tires used for construc-tion of the house give it strength and the thickness makes a good insulation

Tools needed

Tools

Additives

Time frame

Additional material

Materials needed

tires - earth/soil

Collect a lot of tires to build the construction of the house

Place the first row of tires where you want the walls of the house to be

Fill up the tires with soil

Place a second row of tires on top of the first, creating a staggered pattern

From the second row onwards, place something in the bottom of each tire to prevent the soil from coming out

When the wall construction is ready, the tires can be covered with a finishing

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.7.

6.

5.

4.

3.

2.

1.

( )

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Research

Paper pulp variations

Building construction

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Plot in Zandspruit settlement

Creche

Plot

• Edge of settlement

• Next to childrens creche

• Plan for community serving function

N

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Plot in Zandspruit settlement

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Program of requirements

Study area

Women shelter

Kitchen

Multifunctional room

Office

Minimum of 24 students

10 private rooms

Cooking for minimum 24 studentsHelping +- 30 families with food bags

For a minimum of 30/40 people

3 service workers during the day

Toilet

Total of 4 toilets

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Study area

Women shelter

Kitchen


Office


10 private rooms




Toilet

Total of 4 toilets

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Study area

Women shelter

Kitchen


Office


10 private rooms




Toilet

Total of 4 toilets

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Study area

Women shelter

Kitchen


Office


10 private rooms




Toilet

Total of 4 toilets

Study area

Women shelter

Kitchen


Office


10 private rooms




Toilet

Total of 4 toilets

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Study area

Women shelter

Kitchen


Office


10 private rooms




Toilet

Total of 4 toilets

Study area

Women shelter

Kitchen


Office


10 private rooms




Toilet

Total of 4 toilets

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• Finding a job



• Food insecurity

• Crowded

• Safety


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3 Starting points

Design

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Starting point 1

Community

Private plots• Open to community

• Closed to private plot

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Public functions Private functions

Entrance

Bufferzone

Starting point 2

• Split between public and private functions

• Bufferzone in between

• Entrance at public side

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1

764

2

853

Internal connection

Starting point 3

• Clear structure

• All rooms connected to central hallway

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Final design

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Meet the Zandspruit inhabitants

Willy - 31Community member

Irregular job as carpenterJust started to learn EnglishOwns a 9m2 shack

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Lindiwe - 20Young mother

1 year old babyOut of desperation for money she started as a prostituteRents a 9m2 room


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Thabiso - 16Student

Last year of schoolWalks to school everydayLives with mother and 2 siblingsin a one room house (18m2)


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Martha - 43Community member

Works at the creche next door Depends on food collectionrents a 9m2 room


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Design focus

Build by community Circularity

+ +


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Design focus

Build by community Circularity

+ +


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Manager Community Tools

+ +

Construction phase

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+ +

Construction phase

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+ +

Construction phase

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Construction phase

10,65 m

1,65 m or 3,45 m

1m

Secondary beam

Beam

3 m or 4,05 m

Purlin

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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

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• Multiple wooden boards

• Minimum thickness of 15cm/4 layers

• Freedom in assembly

1m

Column

4,85 m

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Construction phase

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Modules

1,8m

10,8m 10,8m

3,6m

3,85m 3,85m

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Multiplication of module

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Modules

1,8m

10,8m 10,8m

3,6m

3,85m 3,85m

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Wall finishing

?

• Variety of circular materials

• Continuation of earlier research

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Circular materials

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Choice of materials

?

?

?

• Public functions

• Inspiration

• Experimenting

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Choice of materials

?• Private functions

• Peaceful

• Homely

• Insulation

?

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0,8m

0,15m

1,2m

0,15m

0,8m 0,8m

0,15m

1,2m

0,8m

0,15m

Facade design concept

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Wood(painted)

Window

Ventilation

Cover up(irregular sizes)

Facade design concept

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North

South

West East

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Facades

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Wall finishing detail

• Continuation of earlier research

• Paper pulp for construction of glass bottle wall

• Experiment failed because of Dutch climate

Paper pulp

Glass bottle wall

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Fence

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0,8m

0,15m

1,2m

0,15m

0,8m

Height Greenery

1 year 3 years 5 years

3,1m

2,15m

0,8m

Fence concept

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• Surrounding the entire plot

• Framework of wood and chickenwire or steel mesh

• Different types of plants, most locally found

• Infill lower part can change per garden

Fence

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Floorplan

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Study area

Kitchen Office

StorageMultifunctional room

Workplace

Shelter

Green-house

Green-house

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Shelter

7. AM

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Living room/kitchen at the shelter

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Sun - winter situation

• Sun will warm up rooms

• Lot of natural (sun)light

• Entire morning and early afternoon

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Sun - summer situation

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17.00

18.00

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14.00 17.00

12.00

• Sun blocked during the day

• Enters rooms late afternoon

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Study area


9. AM

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• English lessons

• Workshops

• Practicing skills

• Parties

• Meetings

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Ventilation

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Ventilation

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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSIONVentilation

• Sliding panels attached to beam

• Open or closed according to ventilation need

• Available in every room

• Netting above doors

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12 PM

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Kitchen

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Public garden

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The kitchen

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14.30

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Study area

WorkplaceGreen-house

Green-house

Kitchen

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14.30

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Workplace

• Tools available

• Making house improvements

• Practice different skills

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16.00

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Study area

Shelter

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16.00

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17.30

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Kitchen

Shelter

Green-house

Green-house

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• Students

• Young mothers

• (Un)employed community members

• Community members bringing waste/building materials

Centre

Centre

+

The positive change

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• More graduates

• Mothers with stable life

• Higher employment rate

• Improvement of living conditions

• Lower rate of food insecurity

Centre

Centre

+The positive change

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The next step

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Summary design points

• Warmth in winter• Blocked sun in summer• Placement of functions

depending on sun

• Passive ventilation• Window openings• Hallway design

• Sustainable• Cheap materials

• Self sufficient as much as possible• Back up from municipal pipeline• Reuse of water

• Solarpanels• Natural heating by sun in winter• Natural light, less lightbulbs

• Large program of requirements• Clear structure• Lot of freedom through

construction

82

Water system

Hand basin

KitchenKitchen

Bathroom

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&

Municipal pipeline

Water system

Design of a Community centre for the settlement Zandspruit

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