EUROPEAN EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT SETTLEMENT OF OF

NORTH AMERICANORTH AMERICAA2

7.8.317.8.31Mr. LongMr. LongAnderson High SchoolAnderson High SchoolCincinnati, OhioCincinnati, Ohio

WHAT IS HISTORY??WHAT IS HISTORY??• Prologue, After the Fact• Point of View (ATF 1)

Guiding Question 1Guiding Question 1

Why did people settle in the British North American colonies?

Did people come for primarily economic concerns or for religious/idealistic motivations?

Guiding Question 2Guiding Question 2Why and How did the British North American colonies develop into distinctively different societies and economies?

Regions: (1) the Chesapeake and Lower South, (2) New England, (3) Mid-Atlantic.

American American Colonies at Colonies at the End of the End of

the the Seventeenth Seventeenth CenturyCentury

VIRGINIAVIRGINIACHESAPEAKECHESAPEAKE

Virginia Virginia Company, Company, Charter, Charter, 1606 1606

Chesapeake Chesapeake BayBay& &

JamestownJamestown

Jamestown Settlement Jamestown Settlement (Computer Generated)(Computer Generated)

Settlement of VirginiaSettlement of Virginia• Virginia Company• Jamestown• John Smith• John Rolfe• Tobacco• “starving time”

• House of Burgesses• indentured servants• headright system

Early Colonial TobaccoEarly Colonial Tobacco16181618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco.

16221622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco.

16271627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco.

16291629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.

Tobacco Tobacco PricesPrices1618-1618-17101710

Life in Early Virginia, Life in Early Virginia, 1620-1670s1620-1670s

• “plantations”

• society• economy• quality of life

• religion?

River Plantations in Virginia, c. 1640

1717thth Century Population Century Populationin the Chesapeakein the Chesapeake

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

1607 1630 1650 1670 1690

W hiteBlack

Social Unrest in the Social Unrest in the ChesapeakeChesapeake

• Bacon’s rebellion – causes

•Backcountry settlement and Protection

•Power of “eastern” elites and Taxation

– significance

Bacon’s rebellion in Virginia, Bacon’s rebellion in Virginia, 16761676

Significance of Bacon’s Significance of Bacon’s RebellionRebellion

•First large rebellion in colonies (political & social)

•Social/political conflict: “eastern” elites vs. backcountry

•Catalyst in transition from indentured servitude to slavery

Reasons for SlaveryReasons for Slavery• Decrease in indentured servants

– English economy• Increase in availability of slaves

– end of Royal African company monopoly– Decrease in price

• Fears of growing number of landless freemen

• Available supply from Caribbean

Population of Chesapeake Population of Chesapeake Colonies: 1610-1750Colonies: 1610-1750

The Atlantic Slave TradeThe Atlantic Slave Trade

“middle passage”

Slave Colonies of the Slave Colonies of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Seventeenth and Eighteenth

CenturiesCenturies

SlaverySlavery

• Where was slavery legal? In which colonies did it exist?

Africans as a Percentage of Total Population of the British Colonies, 1650–1770

The The Chesapeake Chesapeake Colonies Colonies in the in the

SeventeentSeventeenth Centuryh Century

Deep SouthDeep South• Carolina (1682)

• Georgia (1738)• rice• indigo

The West Indies and Carolina in the Seventeenth Century

IndigoIndigo

RiceRice

Spread of Spread of SettlementSettlement: British : British Colonies, Colonies, 1650–17001650–1700

NEW NEW ENGLANDENGLAND

American American Colonies at Colonies at the End of the End of

the the Seventeenth Seventeenth CenturyCentury

English Migration, 1610-1660English Migration, 1610-1660

PlymouthPlymouth• Separatists• “Pilgrims”• Plymouth• Mayflower Compact

Mayflower II

Massachusetts BayMassachusetts Bay• Puritans• Great Migration

• “City upon a hill”

New EnglandNew England• towns• town meetings

• church• Education• “Old Satan Deluder” Act (1647)

• Harvard College (1636)

• merchantsLand Division in Sudbury, MA: 1639-1656

Population of the New England

Colonies

Puritan “Rebels”

Roger Williams

Anne Hutchinson

New New England England

Colonies, Colonies, 16501650

King Philip’s War, King Philip’s War, 1675 – 1675 – 1676)1676)

MIDDLE MIDDLE COLONIESCOLONIES

Colonies Colonies in in

Eastern Eastern North North

AmericaAmerica

16501650

New YorkNew York• New Netherland (1613) – Who? Why?

• Patroonships >>>• New York (1664)• society • economy

PennsylvaniaPennsylvania• William Penn• Quakers• society• economy• Indian relations

Royal Land Grant to PennRoyal Land Grant to Penn

Middle Middle Colonies, Colonies,

16851685

Area of Area of English English

settlemensettlement by 1700t by 1700

American American Colonies Colonies

at the End at the End of the of the

SeventeentSeventeenth Centuryh Century

Britain's American Empire, Britain's American Empire, 17131713