DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF RURAL ROAD IN VADDESWARAM

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print),

ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), © IAEME

306

DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF RURAL ROAD IN VADDESWARAM

D.Satish Chandra1, Arjun Chhetri

2, Sonam Wangchen

3, Sri.Harsha Yadagani

4

1(Civil department, KL university, Vaddeswaram, India)




ABSTRACT

Rural road is basically defined as the road connecting rural areas with population less

than 500 or population between 500 to 1000 or between 1000 to 1500.In India ‘Pradhan

Mantra Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) provides rural connectivity to all habitations under the

Ministry of Rural Development. The objective of this project is to design and estimate the

total cost of construction of the rural road in vaddesearam. For which we have conducted soil

survey in the study area (vaddeswaram).The experiments conducted on soil are dry sieve

analysis, CBR test, plastic limit, liquid limit and standard Procter test.Designing the road

based on IRC SP 20.Design include designing thickness of layers, camber design, design

speed, roadway width and carriage way width selection. After the completion of design we

have selected appropriate materials and layers (base course-WMM, surfacing-Single coat

surface dressing with bitumen). Finally we projected the estimated quantities of materials

required, cost of materials, labour charges and cost of hiring for the construction.

Keywords: rural road, soil survey, design, design speed, camber design, roadway width,

WMM, surface dressing, estimation, cost of material.

1. INTRODUCTION

Rural roads play very important role in social economic development and poverty

reduction in rural areas. Rural road construction helps in increasing agricultural output,

economic growth and poverty reduction. [2] It brings development by creating opportunities

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND

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ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print)

ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online)

Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), pp. 306-315 © IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp

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to access goods and services located in nearby villages (or) major towns. Rural road provides

alternative sources of income to the poor people and help them to increase their income,

improve their living standards.

The rural roads in India are in poor condition therefore Indian government has

lunched pradhan mantra gram sadak yojana, December 2000 for the development of the rural

roads[1]. It provides connectivity to rural areas have population between 500 to 1000 and

between 1000 to 1500.Public private partnership is another option for construction of rural

roads, in this type of construction private and government invest together for road

construction. Here the privates sector is attracted by giving some long term profit on

investment. [3]

For this paper designing of rural road is done following IRC-SP-20 code. We have

provided an estimation of the cost of construction the rates could vary for different places.

2. STUDY AREA

Vaddeswaram

Fig 1 study area

Road details

Existing road - earth road of length -1.5 km, No proper maintenance provided .The road is 6

yrs old per the villagers.

The common type of soil found in this area is black cotton. Average annual rainfall -1030

mm

Highest summer temperature-47 °C, lowest summer temperature-28 °, winter temperature-30

°C

Lowest winter temperature-15°C.Locally available low grade materials which can be used for

road construction are: River gravels,Pit gravel, Laterite, Moorum and Soft stone/sand stone.

Rocks available for road construction in the area are: Lime stone, Sand stone, quartzite and

granite.



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3. OBJECTIVE

The objective of our project is to design the rural road following IRC-SP-20 code

book, selecting appropriate layers and materials. Estimating the materials required, estimating

the total cost of construction of the road including labour charges and machinery hiring

charges.

4. METHODOLOGY

The design of rural roads is done based on the rural road code book which is IRC SP

20. The sequence for designing the rural road is first we have to conduct the soil survey under

which experiments are conducted on the soil sample of the area where the road is to be

constructed. After the soil survey is done we get CBR values of the soil using which we can

design the road layer thickness requirement. Camber design, design speed, roadway width

and carriage way width is also design as per the recommendation in the code book.

5. RESULTS OF THE TEST CONDUCTED ON THE SOIL

5.1 Standard Procter compaction test

Fig 2 graph showing the optimum moisture content

Results: 1.optimum moisture content: 10%

2. Maximum dry density of soil: 2.169



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5.2 Dry sieve analysis

Fig 3.grain size distribution chart for road soil

Results:

• The soil is coarse grain soil as the percentage of fine is less the 50%

• Coarse grain sand - 43.6 %

• Medium grain sand -30.1%

• Fine grained sand -23.9 %

• Clay and slit -2.4%

D60 =2.7 D30 =0.78 D10=0.25

Coefficient of uniformity Cu =D60/D10 =10.8, Coefficient of curvature Cc= (D30)2/D60*D10

=0.9

Criteria for well graded soil: Cu > 4 & 1 < Cc < 3 (sand)

As Cc is less than 1 it is not a well graded soil, it is poorly graded soil

5.3 Liquid limit

Fig 4.graph for water content Vs no. of blows



310

Results: Graph= (IF) = (W1-W2)/ (logN2/N1)

(11.11-33)/ (log 9/36)

= (-4.89/-0.60)=36%

Liquid limit=17%

5.4 Plastic limit LL=17 %

Plastic limit =14.5%

Plasticity index=LL-PL=2.5%

Now from plasticity chart we found out that the soil is OL (organic low plasticity) or ML (slit

low plasticity).

5.6 CBR Test on soil samples CBR value for 2.5mm compression:

(Calculated load at 2.5mm compression)/ (design load at 2.5mm compression)*100

CBR value for 5mm compression:

(Calculated load at 5mm compression)/ (design load at 5mm compression)*100

Road soil for 2.5 mm=5.5*5*6.1=167.75, (167.75/1344)*100=12.48%

Road soil for 5mm=12*5*6.1=366, (366/2016)*100=18.15%

CBR = 18.15%

6. DESIGN FOR THE STUDY AREA BASED ON IRC-SP-20

Design for the study area based on IRC-SP-20

Details of the study area.

1. Average annual rainfall -1030 mm

2. Number of commercial vehicle per day-20

3. Temperature of the area maximum-470C minimum-15

0C

6.1 Calculating the thickness of layers to be provided for the road

CBR value of soil is 18.5%,Which is more then 15 % there is no need to provide sub

base base layer can be directly layed.For our study area the number of commercial vehicles

per day is 20.

As per the IRC SP 20:

• A base layer thickness of 150 mm and single coat surface dressing.

Fig 5 showing the thickness required as per IRC-SP-20



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• Base layer of -150mm and surfacing is required.

• Road width - 6m as the number of vehicle per day is less than 100.

• Carriageway width -3m.

• Camber- 3.5 %.

• Design speed of -40 km/hr

Fig. 6 showing the road cross section.

7. SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE LAYERS FOR THE ROAD CONSTRUCTION

1. Base layer – wet mix macadam (150mm)

2. Surface coating-single coat surface dressing using bitumen

7.1 Base layer –wet mix macadam layer WMM layer is a layer made out of crushed aggregates and water premixed at a wet mix

plant.. Thickness of single compacted Wet Mix Macadam layer shall not be less than 75 mm.

Composition of aggregates -40MM -35%, 20MM -20%, 10MM 20% and Stone dust 25%.

7.2 Surface dressing – Single coat surface dressing using bitumen It is a layer consisting of thin layer of bitumen sprayed on top of base layer, on which

stone chips are spread and are roller compacted.

Advantages of using surface dressing:Provides good sealing coat to the road surface, Provides

high resistance to skidding hence accident hazards reduces, Less expensive and durable

pavement.

7.3 Materials Bitumen which is less viscous is used such as 80/100. For easy and uniform spraying.

This ensures proper coating and embedment of aggregate sprayed on it.

Type of construction Nominal size of stone chips Specification

Single coat surface dressing 13.2 mm 100% passing through 22.4

mm

Sieve and retaining on 11.2

mm sieve.

Table 1 showing the aggregate specification for single coat surface dressing



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8. ESTIMATION AND COSTING FOR LAYING THE ROAD

Quantity estimation

S.N DESCRIPTION L B D QTY UNITS

1 WET MIX MACADAM 1500 3 0.15 675 Cum

2

SINGLE COAT SURFACE

DRESSING USING BITUMEN 1500 3

4500

SQM

3 SITE CLEARANCE 1500 6 9000 SQM

8.1 Detailed estimation

S.N DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY RATE AMOUNT

1

Preparation of the area for base

layer includes watering , rolling with

vibrator roller and clearance of

vegetations if any present

SQM

9000 4 36000

2

Providing stone aggregate to WET

MIX Macadam specification

including cost, of all materials and

premixing the material with water at

OMC in mechanical mix plant

carriage of mixed material by tipper

to site as directed by the Engineer-in-

charge. Cum 675 728.6 491805

3

Laying, spreading and compacting

graded crushed stone aggregate to

WET MIX Macadam specification

laying in uniform layers with paver

in base courses on well prepared

surface and compacting with

vibratory roller to achieve the

desired density etc. as directed by the

Engineer in-charge Cum 1350 170 229500

4

Single coat surface dressing using

bitumen (13 mm nominal size chips) SQM 4500 27 121500

total amount Rs.878805



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8.2 Labour and hire charges

• for laying wet mix macadam

S.N PARTICULARS QTY RATE AMOUNT

1

Mazdoor(beldar) for road clearance

and road preparation for laying base

layer 4 nos. 260.00 per day

2

Mazdoor(beldar) for laying and

spreading the wet mix layer 5 nos. 260.00 per day

3

Mazdoor(beldar)for compaction of

the layer ½ nos. 260.00 per day

Total

9½ nos. 260.00 per day 2470 per day

4

Pneumatic Road roller

Per Hour

1035

5

Tipper-5.5Cum Transportation of

soil,WMM etc

Per Hour

629.80

total amount Rs.4135

• for laying Single coat surface dressing (with bitumen) S.N PARTICULARS QTY RATE AMOUNT

1

Mazdoor(beldar) for brushing and

cleaning of the base layer 4 nos. 260.00 per day

2

Mazdoor(beldar) for heating and

spreading of bitumen 4 nos. 260.00 per day

3

Mazdoor(beldar) for compaction of

the layer ½ nos. 260.00 per day

Total 8½ nos. 260.00 per day 2210 per day

4

Pneumatic Road roller

Per Hour

1035

5

Tipper- 5.5 Cum Transportation of

bitumen and chips Per Hour

629.80

6

Bitumen boiler oil fired Bitumen

Spraying Per Hour 170

7

Hydraulic Chip Spreader Surface

dressing Per Hour 2070

total amount Rs.6115.0



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Total labour and hiring charges per day = Rs 10250

For the total construction approximately it could take 2 days there for total labour and hiring

charges =Rs.20,500

The total cost of construction including material charges labour and hiring charges is = Rs.8,

99,305 ,3% for contingencies= Rs.26, 980,

Net total cost of road construction =Rs.9, 26,285

9. PERT CHART

Fig 7 showing the pert chart

Activities Duration

1.Soil survey (soil tests) 5 days

2.Design based on IRC-SP-20 2 days

3.Checking for locally available materials 1 day

4.Selection of layers for the road 1 day

5. Estimating the total materials required and

also the total cost for laying the road including

labour charges and machine hires.

2 days

6. Arrangements of labours and hiring of

construction equipments

1 day

7. Transporting the materials to the construction

site

1 ½ days

8.Site clearance and laying the WMM layer 1 day

9.Laying the surface dressing 1 day

Minimum days required for the construction 14 ½ days



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10. CONCLUSION

• Construction of rural roads in India need attention as there are lots of villages which

are not connected and the villages which have road connection are in poor condition.

• Locally available materials should be used for the construction of rural road so as to

make the construction economic.

• Road layers can be constructed using certain types of municipal wastes hence making

use of waste materials for construction.

• Summary of the design for our study area road:

1. Full length of road= 1.5km

2. Roadway width= 6m

3. Carriage way width=3m

4. Base layer=WMM(wet mix macadam) 150 mm thickness

5. Surface dressing=single coat surface dressing with bitumen

6. Designed speed 40km/hr

7. Camber =3.5%

• The estimated cost for laying the above road costs Rs.9,26,285

REFERENCES

Journal Papers [1] Agarwal. P. K, Singh. A. P, Some strategies for sustainable maintenance of rural roads

in India, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, Oct.-Dec., 2010,

Vol I, Issue III.

[2] Dominique.V.Walle, Choosing Rural Road Investments to Help Reduce Poverty,

Elsevier Science Ltd, World Development, 2002 Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 575–589.

[3] Sinha.A.B, Public private partnership in building rural infrastructure in India, JM

International journal of management research, january,2010, Vol -1 Issue 2.

[4] Bant Singh and Dr. Srijit Biswas, “Effect of E-Quality Control on Tolerance Limits in

Wmm & Dbm in Highway Construction - A Case Study”, International Journal of

Advanced Research in Engineering & Technology (IJARET), Volume 4, Issue 2, 2013,

pp. 33 - 45, ISSN Print: 0976-6480, ISSN Online: 0976-6499.

[5] T Subramani and P.K.Kumaresan, “Traffic Study on Road Network to Identify the Short

Term Road Improvement Projects in Major Urban Centre”, International Journal of

Advanced Research in Engineering & Technology (IJARET), Volume 3, Issue 1, 2012,

pp. 66 - 76, ISSN Print: 0976-6480, ISSN Online: 0976-6499.

Books [6] Dr.K.R.Arora, Soil Mechanics And Foundation Engineering (standard publishers

distributors) ISBN: 81-8014-112-8.

[7] Dutta. B.N., Estimating and costing 26 revised edition (UBS Publishers’ distributor’s

pvt.Ltd).

[8] Kanna.S.K,Highway Engineering(Nem chand & bros,civil lines,Roorkee)2011, ISBN:

978-81-85240-63-3

Code Book [9] IRC-SP-20.Manual on route location design, construction and maintenance of rural road

(Indian road congress).

DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF RURAL ROAD IN VADDESWARAM

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