COItJlTl;; '·Olll( lA S.DE.WIl6'E flNC.ENNE

de I'Vuion 'l1te1·nntiotlnle des Sciences P1·e',isto1·iqlles et Proto',ist01·iqlles

R . PJ.eincr, SCl;r;; t w l"C

Sicg:c du sec l 'l~ tari;J t : Institut d 'An.: heoloorie , HR 01 Pnlguc 1 , Lclen sk;t 4. RCplLLliquc Tehequc.

COlllmunicaf ion 63 Edi ted by R. PLeiner

NE\V MEMBERS: P. K. C/wlt.opadhyay, Duq;:qilll"

CONFER ENCES:

LA AFR IQUE ET LE BASS IN MEDlTERRANEEN: " .. x origine, cl" la nu" "Uurgie clu f,,,', len : T able 1'!1Ild e illlc rlllItiona le d ' a" (;heologie - AFRICA AND TI-IE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN: The O l'i g:i n ~ of b 'o n Metalluq,')', bl Inl cl"na tional Round Tabl!! in Archacolol,,),, Geneva , June 4 th- 7th }9<)<) . Thl! l'l'!lg:ra lllme in vI llved fol l, )wing palle l"s: V. Sernceis ami PI! . Fluzin : Disf:ol ll's d e bienvenll(~ : Du mi lwra i a I'objet : a pP(lI"t d e I'an:iteomet l-ie. D. Killich: Radiolllc ll"ic Datin g: of the Ea rlies t Iron in AJ r i('a : Tech ni ques and ln teql re tati ons, p, Crew: Experiment allronworkin;; and its va lu e for An:haeoluby, N, Drwi£i: LOi:i1 in the Third I-Tennenellli c't Them'y and Methodo logy, Objects and Represel1tatio n !)c in the Ethnua n ;haeoJub'Y of African Met.allllq,')', E, f-I erberL : Afri can Metal!uq,')' : the l-Ii!:i torian 's Dilemma , E, l-i ll y:seco fl.: Sa voil"faire , mai trl se et limites d t.:s fond t.: III's africains: IlJlport s d e I'ethlloan; hcologi ~ ,

H ,- C , Nielll eycr: Evid em:e of Ea rly It-on- Technolob,), a t Carthage ami other Phoenieians Settlem ents, 1. Kees mann : Hesnlat i:i prcli ,ninain~s sur le travail du fez- a C'.lI"thagc, A, Mikdad : Les ol'igines Lil ' la sitienll'gie all Maghn:b (p l'Ovisoirc). j. L. Zimmermwm: La malt"ise egecnne du fel' (X lI c_Xe!S, av, J ,- C, ): IIn pnlgr'es leehni'lue 011 Hnc nceessite cc()nomique'! C. Giardirw: The Earlies t Evidence of Iron MdaUurgy inllaiy, A. Corretti: h all P rod uctio n in TU i:i CallY from the beginning to the late fifth century BC, C. Novira: Les debuts d e I'lItilisation et d e la III'odlld ion till fel' en Mhli tc lTancc ot:cident ale, ~ : n tn ' It: :-; 1111- 1::;1 t:spagnol et le Illid.i fnlll yais, E. je(lIt : L'OI'igine d e la l:i idel'llq;lc Lian ::; le mondl: (-Ij tli l, ' 1, J, SO Il CifOVcl.: L' ol'igine de la sidel'lll'gie dans It: Illomie Hittile 2, M , Valloggia. : La mai" 'i::; ,; till fl~ I ' 1:11

E;;)' ptl :: entn~ tr 'odi ti ons in( ligel1 t.:s et impo,'talions cln rng;e ,'es, M, YVIlUmunn: Les o"ibrim:s cl,: la sid t":­I'Ilq;-ie en Egypte, p, Lenoble: L' ,u 'senal d~ Mcl'OC et le Illonol'ole royal d ans I'E mpil'e mel'Oi tiqlle, p, Schmidt: Tedmolobrical Clwractel'izations amlt lw EnlslII'e of Innovation in Africa n] I'on Technology, 11 , Bocoum : La mctalluq,rie dll ft! I' en Afrit l'.le de l 'Ouest: t! mpnlllt or inven tion't M,-C, Van GrllfUler­beck : Un fOllrneau de fonte de fer - type d e l'Age tlu F el' Ancien au Hwumla cl at! BUl'lmdj , 13. Glist : L'ol'igine de la sider-III 'bri e all Gabon et :Ill Congo, D. Miller: IntLigen ous [nlll Pl"Oductioll ill Sou lhern Af"ica : An:llaet'!ohrical Obsel'Vations and POllllial' P en :epLions,

Fi lms having bel! 11 presented : C. Saltl1lull , C. Coucher ;lIld E. Herbert: The B looms o f 13anjdi: II:l:hnoloh,), and gender in MI'ic 'lI1 i,'on making, P. Sch midt : The h 'ee of iron, N, Da vid : Dozwaza: It: dl ' ri e l' maitre d t.: fe ,' afJ'ieHin , E, flfl yseco17l: Tnagina, i' ullime mai son till fe l',

BIBLlOCRAPlfY 1990, 1996 (Supplements)

p, K , CHA TTO PAD HYAY: On c<-ll' ly i,'on technoiob,), in E as te l'n lmlia. In : Adaptation and Othe r' Essays , PI'uccet.lings of the Archaeolobrica l Confel-cnce 1988, Vi s" Bharati ] 990 , 252- 25H. A IlI'ief sll rvey on some ca r'!y JmLian iron findings from the pC"iod a nmnd 1000 BC U)I to the 3nl century BC, Thn:e phases of the development of inm technolob'Y sugges ted based on the introduction uf djffen :llt meJJlOds of hcat tn:.atnH:nt. The earlies t p lHlse is Iwing called 'fe lTochaleolithi' .

EAHLY IR ON. Netvuel'k for tidlig je l'nteknologi 1 (H. Lyngstr~m ed, ) . K~Lcnhavll 1996, 69 pp , H , L)'"g:s tr~'m: P,'ehistoril: h un , an Int,'o t!m:tion , 1-7. Danish bloomery fUl'naecs (Espevej , Dn:ngs­ted, so- t:a llcd farm flll'llnt;cS of the 13th eenlUl'Y). L. Ch I'. N~,.bach : ll'On Smelting in Denmark fl'om

826 A rcheologic k e rozhledy LI , Praha 1999

c, 100 BC tu c AD 400 , 9-1S, FUl"Ilaces of the Skovmal'k type, smelting site ofVorbasse, 0, Vo~s : Snol"llp - All Iron Age Settlement \ViLIi ll'On Produt: Lion of Lht: 4 th to 6th century AD, 3500 slag- pit fUI'II U(;eS cxc ;L v;lt !:d in several dus te l's, huards of uxc-s lulJled il'on bal's , I , j oost.en (Mrs) and M , VWt Nie: Intl'oducing the Ead), fl'onproduction in the Nethe dalllls, 21--42 . Rehrions of Vcluwe , Vecht (DaU'sen fUl'Il ;lces), H eetcn, Montfcdand , COlllpal'ison of technologies in the n:!hrions, j , Stnrtku~ : h OIl Smelting FUl'llaCI'S in Lithuan.ia , 43--48. Twelve sites dating [!'Om the 31'd - 5th ccntlll'ies AD , shaft and b owl fUnla C;!~ S a t La vor iSkes 2, Puplcnin , KercLiai 1. p, de Rijk: Exami nl:ltions oflron Slags ion the North- wes t GC I'Ill:l1l Cuastal Area, 49-52, Smithing slags ofthe ::h'u - 5th and 7th - 10th t;t:ntul1es AD (Niens, Dalelll , Feddcl's j:n- Wienlt:, FlogeLl ), A. j Olluijiirvi: Fl'emstilling af tingbrynjer (The tedmoloh'Y of Chain- mail ), 53- tlU. Tcchnulo:,,)' of rillg manuflll:turing, punching ami l'iveUillg, the coat of mail frum T-Ieueganl. I-/, LYllgs r.r f'm : Stin'ups of the Viking Age in Denmark , 61-69. From the braves of the 10th 1:entul'Y 42 StilTUpS a rc li sted , 11 of which Wel-c mctullobral'h_icaU y invest:i ga teu (vel'Y mild phosphOl'ic steel ). EX)I(:l"illlellt a i f!II 'J:,ring,

BIBLlOGHAPHY 1997 (as in Novemher 1999)

M. SCHMAEDECKE : ExperimenteUe Meta UbewinnlUlb unu -vcrul'beitung und ucren archiiolo:,ri st:hcl' Befund . [In Gel"llla n : EXllCl'imental metal making ami working anu their ul'chaeolohrica l evidence]. An.; h;iolohrische Infol'lllal.i onen 20/2 1997, 317- 320 , Tl'ials concerned with Lronze ami iron smelting the goa l of whidl was the subsequent ill ves tjgaLi oll of tra ct!s left in the soil. A bronze (;asling heal-th mani­fcs ted it self afk l' two ye at'S as a bunn- red fin:plaee; a fl'ec-s tanlJjng bloomeJ'y fUl'lla ce left nu tnu:es at ;I ll.

I. S PAZ IE H (1\1I'S ): Das ge nnanisdlc EisenvCl'h iittungszentnull Wolkcnbel'g [In Gennan: A Germanic iron pn)litu:tion ccntc l' at \"'(!olkenherg, Lusatia , Gcnnany]. In : Ausgl'abungen im Niederlalls itzc l' Br:Lllnkolllenn::viel' 1997 , 73-79, In 1994-1997 then~ were ex(;a va teu 800 slag- Ilit furna ces of the 3rd-4th n :ntUlics AD. \Vulkenhcl'g 17 f:OIllI'I'ises 6 dus tcl's amlll reclan:''l.J ar charcoal pile Lottoms, Wolkcllbl~ I 'g 26 ,·epn:senl.s an orga nized duster (55 furna ces in 4 lines) ,

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1998

A. Sp ecialized il. elll~

K. BECKEH , I-I. HIESC H: Unte,'s lu:lmngen Z lII ' Mel.alhll'hrie alamanischel' Pfcilsl'itzen im O"i J:,ri.nallllld HCl'l"Odllktion [In German : Inves tigations into the mdaUlII'gy of AJamanian anow- heads in OI'ihrinal and "epLicu]' An;hiio lo:,ri sehcl' KOl'l'espondcnzblau 28 1998, 305- 310 , Proposed shooting It-ials leau to experimental tcsLing earbon-steel arrow- heads. One of the Merovingian pCliou items (site unknown) has bej~n in ves ti gated metallographically (piling of s lcd - il'On-sted , slight heatll'eutment ),

N, C, G HOSI-I, A, K. NAG and p , K, CHATTOPADHYAY: Thl! a n :haeolo::,ricu l baekgrOlUld and il'On sample fl ' OIll Hatign!. Punltatlwa 1987/88, 21.-27, An i"on blade made of hetcl'ogeneously carburized mild steel (U, 35 % C) " ri th earbul'ized slll'fHce, dating f,'om the pel; od al'olUld 1000 BC,

r-Il ST ORI CAL METALLU RGY 32/2 19YH, Ea d y irun metalllll':'')' is com:el'neu in following cunt"ibuliuns: P. Crew: Laxt on rcvisited: a fil 's tl'cport on the 199H cXf:avations, 49- 53, Auditionul wscovcl'ies <lIthe silt: of Laxton , excava ted by .Tacksol1 and Tyle(:otc yent's 1.1go. A lurge domcd furna ce 10 wiUl multiple :Iil'- vents, slag dumps, ulltput calculations. Dating: AD HO- I SO. A , l, HaLL and E, Photos-l ones (Mrs): The bl! lO lllt:r y mUIlI1d of thc ScotLi sh Highlands, Part 2: A review of iron minel'u liz:ltion, 54-66. Poten­Li ona l il'On ol'e n :SOUl"ceS in the Loch Marec anu Cown l at'eas in W Scouhmu as seen f,'olll the geologic:a l I)oint j)1" view, Mang:lIliferolls bog iron ores ))ossiLly used. R , W Vernon , C, McDonell and A. Scltmidt : An inh'gratcd geophys ical and :malyti(;al aPl'l'ai sal of early il'Onworking: tlll'ec f;ase stmues, 67- 8 ] . Geuphysica l slll'vcyl ng (magnetunH::try, gl'adiometry, and ea r th res istanc,!) on thl'ee sites: Gra nge (bloo­nWI'y, about AD 1200), Timherholmc (supposeu high bloomel·Y. about AD 1400, bloomery and bla st funlal :e slags, leats 1'01' w:l tel--witeel), ami Forge Farm n ear llievaulx, 16th/ 17th t:cntm-ies finery/chafe­I'y, A, lfIiJlial1l ~: Experiment with Illcllievul steel plntes 82- 86. Pl'oLlems t:oncenling the hardening, tClllpc l'in g, :lnd gil tUng of 14th- 17t h ecntlll'ies Itauan , German and English armour plates , B. Gilmollr:

Comil.e No 63, AR 51, 1999 827

InlllwOI"king in ancient China : a I"e ,ricw of two I'el:ent !,ubliclItions , 87-92 , Hdlee tions on D , B , \Vag­'WI"S tl"1~ati s l :s ll"tm and S teel Ul ancient China (1993) and The tl"<ltiitional China 's i l"O l1 industl' y and il s llIud c l'n fa k ( 19tJ7),

J, l-I OS EK: Mctulugndick y rozbol" suubol"u zeleznyeh p redmetu 7. lokalit y Pi'lSovicc , [S ull llnal"y in English , not enti!led: MetaUognlflhie inves tigatiun of i,'on obj ects f, 'olll the site of PriSn viee, N Bulu.;­mia ,] An :heo logie Libel"ecki: ho kl"llj e 1 (Liber ec) 1998, 72-80, Tools (14 items) (1' 0111 the 2nd half 'I f the 14 th and fr 'o m the l Sth eentlll'ies AD, Only ve r'y Ilunute samples eouhlbt'! investiga ted fl"l1l11 cutting­- e d ges and butues of axes, hamJller s anti othe,' touls, so that the construction sdlCmes (:olud not Le r econstnl{;ted , Becau se of that , the hanlnes was the main suJJjeet of inves tiga Li on , M.ild heat t ,"eatmcnt of sleel was stat ed , presumabl y qUt'! IH:hing of cutting-ed ges in oil (b ldnite),

J, HOS EK : Huzbo,'y fnl l,'llrentu kl'o uzkovych zb l"Ojl z llIajet ku sevel'o(!eski:ho mIl Ze •. 1 v Lil wn 'i, [S llllllna ,'y in E nglish , not entitled : Anal yses of coat of mai l fl"agments fnllll the co ll~'c ti ons of L1w !VI II St' ll1ll a t Liberel; . ] Al'dleologie Lille l'cckalO krajc 1 (Liberec) 1998, Hl -8H, The exa 1ll1,le ~I f PI IlI s l ka ­- Di'l :vi; ice dates frolll til e 14 th- 1Sth eenlLll'y (the I'ings r evea l fClTitic amI/o r fe l"l 'i Li c-J1 I~ i.II- li tj c SII"l.II :tll ­res; ri vet ting and welding), Another piece , fl"Om '-Ill unknowlI si te, Jll"Obably 1Sth- 171h ee ntlll " i~ 's , yid ­d ed exeelent IlJaCI'Ol,'Tal'lr s of I-ive t sections (ferrit e) ,

LES METAU X AN TIQ UES: tra va il et r es taul"ation [rn Freneh: The met als uf antiqll_it )': wUl'k and n~s t (J ratio ll , ] (G, Niculi ne a nd N, Die llllonni:-GlmI /Mrsl et! s.), Aclt:s till eo lloqlle tic P uilic l'S , 28-30 Sq ll , 1995, !\1onogra lll ues /1I.SI,rllm en'.llm 0 , h ution Me q;oil , Montagnae 1998, 198 PI" , 4 I,ia t("S, nUllu'­rOil S fi glln~s in tl u: tex t.

Tlw volume contains pa pel"S d ealing hOlh with ti ll: nOIl - fe lTo lI s a nd iron IlH:: t,dllll"gy, tn'a tj,d in fUllr 1'<l I·b: 1 Les a tclie l"s , 2 Les tcdllUljllCS, J L,es a nalyses, 4 Hes ta lll"lltions, Earl y iro n is d isC ll SSI·d in foll owing item!:>: I - P. Cll ilhlllmet: Les pinccs d.it cs de for"ge ,'on , 1- 0 . Diffl: r ent types of l'iVdll:d IHUgS whi ch , ac('onl.ing to adapted j IlWS , mighl IHl vc se r ved to blacksmiths, coppersmiths, j cwdlcl's, 11-01 1-Iwr- wo l'kens and bone- and antler- workel's, J, Faivre, M, Mang in , B , Raisso fllJ i: Fo"ges d fOl'ger ulls d am. les ,ri Ues e t t:a mpagn es d e I'est d es C aules ronwines: I'ex<l mple du H a lH A.xois (C;,II; d 'or 1"1 d ll Fi llg:r dolois (JIlI'a ), 13- 18, SlIuthies at ViUans, Selongey, Blessey, llre il" wa ste pnlJucts anJ hl oOIllS, L. Eschenloh,.: Les al e lie r's de for genlll d e Devl~ li e r"-Co llt l! telle (JUI'a , Suisse), 19- 22, SlIlilhjcs tlf ti ll" 7lh-Sth eentlll'i l:S A D, heal,ths, slag bottolll s fl"om reheating and snutlung IlI"oeesses,V Se,.ncel.s: Les :l ldi ~' I 's sid(:I'u l'o1"j tllWS d 'A ulun- Lyct':I: Militaire, 23-27 , \Vithin an urban <l rli sana i a rea of tllf' Ist- 3nl l:t'I1II II 'i ,'s AD thcn : we l'e tLi scoven :d scvenll smithies in rcdanguial' r OIIHlS, with stt /nt: an vi ls :lllt l 11I::l I'l.lI s, pos t- n :du d ioll slags (l'eeently the site is In:a tcd in a mo nognll' h , anno tation forlhcollljllg), E, Cou libaly: Sa voir I'! sa vo il'- fail ' des a nciens: les It :dmiqlles dt~ la fo rge lJ nelenne da ns 11: Bwa lll a (B lll'kin:l F:lso - Ma li) , 07- 7H, E thnologica l d a ta 0 11 the traditional il'on wol'king in tl u: BW<l ma region , !:i mititi es, tools df! . Mdallognlplry of a ll :l lTow- lu.-:;rd of the 13 t.11- 14 th t:enlu,'ies lW ami o f 'lIl im ll bar from Ihe 20th I:entur'y, the prohlem of nitr'iwng, p, Flfl z ill ami D , Leclere: Etat d e I' int eqll 'cla lio n di:S SI;OI"il:S siJI'. nll"giqw:s a I'HI ,ti." d ' inves Li gations mt:tallognIJllri (fIles, 135-144. Hefl ccLiull of thc "100 11'11: / '),

n~dlld i on slag, l'e1lcaling slags, smitlung slag, lr allllllc l'-sealc li S n :vealcd b y analyses f,"um CelLi c a nd (,a lJ o- Ronwll sites , E xper imental WOI'k. C, Drlllikowski cl, al,: Des d cehcts l'ulcomet alJul'gi qlles: quels in tLi ces pOut' line forge? DetaHed Ilunc ndogieal and chemical anal yses of hammer-seale and smitlu ng slags fm m an 1::lI'ly Gallo-ROInan heal"lh (N aiUy) w seussed in tht: Li ght of I'mcess descriptio ns a s presented b y F l"ene" ma nuals conl :el"lung the bla cksnu th ' s ,-lIld locksnuth 's WU I"k , N. Dielldolllui- Glwl (Mrs) and J, Pa.risol,: Ellldl~ Illi: tall ugrapluque d'epecs cdtiqucs et mmaines dUlllust!c Dcnon ~l Ch fi lons­-s lll '-S aum~ IS3- Hi3, Six La T cnt pe ,-iod and fi vt: R oman swo nls in ves tigated : onc- piccc bla dt:s , 1111 11 a nd fl a t pilin g; only one exa mple showed a welded- un steel c lItling- ed ge, hell t trel.l tment I'cvca !l ,d in till: ca se 1'1' thl'ce Homan b lades, R, Ollohman el. al. : Co r rosion d es lIIuterlaux an:lreulogiilucs I:n fel ': ca n u:tc ri saLion d d i:chlo l"lll'ation pal- Ies plasmas tI ' hyth"ogc,w a ssoeics a la dcssalaison a ll slllfilt! "ka­li e , 17 1- 17tJ, Among nthel's the plasma conse l" vation is being tlesc,'ibed. [Because of tht~ lung- It:nlled healing at tempe ratures 200-400 °C (jours) a (!olllple le des tnJction of ol'iginnl quenched mul tempe r'cd plra s l~s of steel purts is to be expected , so tha t the artefacts treated cannot be used fOl ' an y mct aLlo­grapluc stl1llies m ore .]

[is] (I, Spuz ier ): Del' lOOO , Oft:n [In German: The 1000th flll"1lace J. I n : Akzenh~ - Das Magl.lzin fUr P'II't­nel' und Fre lllltle d es La llsitzc l' Bl"lrunkohlenber gballs 3198 , 37-39, A I'OPlI.ia,' aCI:ount on the Ronwno-

Calli;'" No 63, AR 51, 1999

- Bul'bal'ian il'on smelting site of Wolkcnbcl'g , Lusatia , Gennany, where the 1000th slag- pit furna ce ha s been llnCOVc l"ed ,

RE SEAR CH PROJECT S of tlw Co pcnhagen Unive l'sit y, H, Lyngstr(I'J m (Mrs) informs about th~ : I"ese­:Ircil Sc~ m.inar c:ntitlnl "Early iron tet:hnolobry cUlTency lIars' anu ' Expc"imcntul Archaeolo bry: 'I"On In : Cop~ : lIhaben Un.i ve rsit y Archaeologica l Not es 2-"1999 , no pabrination,

0, YAL(.: IN: Fl"iilu~ Eisen ven vel1llung in Anat ollen [In German: Thc early use of iron in Anatulia J. rs lanlllll~~ ,' M.ittc:ilnngen 48 1998 , 79- 95, A sUI'vcy of the iron objects from Anatolian regions , d a ting f,'om the :1 nl- 2nd nullennia BC and some c:umments un Hitljte cuneiform texts mentioning iron ,

J , ZEi\'IA,i\ f, N, VEN CLOvA (MI's) and J, BUBE NfK: Zelez:.'at's k<i osada z :1. - 1'0(;,5, stol. v PrCl"ubeni ­dch. SUllImar)': fin SiedIungs- tOld Eisenverhiitlungsarenl ail s d em 3, - Anfang 5, Jh , in PrenLbenict: , [All i (,( ) Il smelting site uf Ihc 3nl uJI tu the IH~ginning 5th centlll'ies AD at PreI'tLbellice ,] I.n : PnlChistol'ica 2j (Univ ~ : l' si t y Chades, Prague ) 199H, 95- 132 , Bloomel' y slag ugglomc l'ations \\'ilhin a Romano- Bul'ba­I'iall sdti. 'ment al'ea at Pre l'tdJenj(:~ neal' H<lk ovnik , wes te l'll (:c l1tl":11 Bohemja , B lo{:k and tttlllllar da y tll ), .:n 's, No furna ces found. A !'ath ~ I ' sma ll-seale aeti vi ty,

CHH. ZIMMERMANN (MI-s): Zur Entwieklllng d el' Eis~nlllctallul"gic in S kandinavien und Schleswig­- Ho lste in . [ In G~I'I11an : The d evelopment of Ille metallurgy of iron in ScanuiHlH'iu ami Schleswig-- I-Iolstein.] P" iihjstori sche Zeitsch rift 73 1998/1 , 69- 9Y, This is a volum.inous article in a jo urnal but it is as valuable as a slllaU Illonognlph, JlI'cscnting results of comparativc s tud.i cs in the Scanuina\'ian ar­ehaeometallll" hr:it:al n::se,ln:h : Denmark , Swcd en , NClI"\va y, and Sehleswig- Ho ls tein , In a panlphl'llsed fOl'ln thc: cu ntents of the PUI'CI' appeal's as foU ows: Intl"ULille tion , 1 Histor y of ,'esci.lI'dl. 2 Haw matel'ia l '·C'SCI III't'I :S, 71- 72 . 3 ThcOI-ies co neel'ning the introduction of il'on, 72, 74, 4 The early iron in the al"t:as tn~alt ·d ( Pha ::i~ : I ), 74-77. The first findi ngs ufinm objects in S(;and.iJlavia ill HB3 IH:': I'iod (Montelius V), in NlH'way pC"iod Vl = HC, Appal'ently impo rted il'Ul l bllt no evidenee of <lil y bm's and ingots, 5 Til l: ca di ,'s t slags and fllrnat:t:s ( Phasc~ 2/3), 77- 83 . Slags ami fUl'na r;es in Denmark (S k uvmark and Espt; t y p~ 's ); cr il ic- al tn:ulmcnl uf radiocar'bo n dates 1"1'11111 Swedcn (s lags from HaWJ)', HalllUlda and Linga , 4 th - 2nd centurics BC murc plall siblc) , flll 'lllI ee at Fel , NUl'wa y (s lag-pi!'?), BC/AD , in Schleswig-H ol­ti tei n sb gs in gra ves, 6 Thc ri se of irun smelting (Phase 3, AD 200- 750) , Shlg-pit furna ces in Denmark (Dn'ngs lt :d , Snol'lll' d e,), I'eiatiollshjp to settlements di s(·:ussed , il'un bars of the 3 nU5 th centlll'ies AD , bowl fUl"lw cl:s in Swed en , irun smelting at lake shul'es (Jiimtlantl , AD 300- 600, a flol'ujt period); il'nn

Pl'udw:lion in Dokkfl0y and Myjss tl'Ol1ll , Not'wa y (early phase 6th- 9th centlll' ic!s AD), T "0 nddag il'on ::i llwlting ti ites , Joltldllnd and otile l' sites in Schleswig-Holstein. 7 Decrea sc anti inercase (Phase 4 , AD tlOO- J4 UU), Viking Age and 1\1.iddle Ages . S lug tapping furnaccs ami slag heal'S i.1l all area s, inm tmde a nd t,'ading jlus ts, IJsc iJiati ull in the pl'odudio n volllnlt~ in indi viduall'cgions, H Rc~s ults, FO I' the pe"iot! of 3UU BC - 0 IUH:cl't a in cvidence of local il'()Illlwking; in 1111 an~ a s a ri se of jll'otllH:tion about AD 200 , a b uut A D 600 llifr.: n~ntiali () n. I) c~nmark ,l1ld Schleswig- Holste in d ec:I'eascd the pl"Oduction , Swet.len and NI )I 'wa y c:clll t inlW a rdatively lurgt:-scale activit y, Swecl en bcc:ame a I c~ ad.in g il'tHl- IJI'ntlucing c() unt l·Y.

H. Early iron (IS ;11 o lh er publiclIl.ions

H, G E IS LER : Das fl 'iihhcirische GriiiJerfeld Stl'ullbing - Bajuwnrenstl'usse T, Rahden/ \Vcs tf. 19YH. The p u bl.ica tion of an ea rly Bav:'II 'ian cemetry at StnlUbing eontains two artic:les eonc:ernjng il'on: 1-/ , Ceis le r a mi F, /-Iwllm e!: Damaszie l'te S pathaklingen ,HI S dem Gnlbcrfeld von S lnl ubing-Bajllw:'lI '~ : lls tnl ss ~ ',

33:-1-:142. A tal )le ill ll.i t: <lting the number of l)atlc:I'n- wdded s l)<lthae , 41 in IlUlnbe ,'. H. CeisLe r : Ei sen lint! St aid - Md a llogl'aphi sd w Unh:I'Suc:illlllgen , 343-344. Simple spark tes ts on knives ami sll'iking sk"I ::i .

G, GE RM O ND , L.- 1\1 , CI-IAMPEME: Un d epot d e I'A gc: till Bnmzt: Final It TOlll'tenay (De ux Sevn :s), [111 Fn'n ch : A hoa l'd of the Fina l Bl'onze Age at TOIII,tcnay, ] Bulletin d e la Soeictc Pn~hi s t orilJ uc Fnlll~ai s ~: 1)5 I IJ I)H/2 , 255-268, Thil,ty metres di stant f!"Om a Bronze Age hoard (BA HI ) two inm ingots ha v~ I)(!en found in a 50 em depth , Thesc objec:t s a,'c 11 douhle- pointed i,'on bar {3.1 kg} anti an iron clIl)( : (7 kg) . Tilt , 1 ) I '~) bl elll is whether thesl~, in fad , t:cHl ltll)dong to the hoanl assemblage,

CO lll ite No 63, A R 5 1, 1999 13 29

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1999 (". ill Scplclllher 1999)

A. Sp cc;",lizetl it.ems

DA S ElSEI\' IM ALLTA G [ Iron in the tVc "),lb y )jfc]. Paper s briven at the confc l'cn ec at KJ OSIt!I' Pr .. llUj'S lYXX. FC ~ J' nllll 71 (SIJlafflllluscn) 1999. B . Orlwul (Ml's): 'Vie kU111l IlIUIl den All tal;sb,:griff fii .. Jjc It 'dlll.ikol~st:hi ehle IlUlzlJal' madwn'?, 4-10 . J.-P. Voirct.: Eist:n ill! AUlag des nlten China , 11 - 15. S i llCI'

tlw 41h- 3nl C; 1~ ntlll ' i es BC a cast i ,'on ci\'iliz:llion . K. - H. Luc/wig: Das Ei scn in d en SdwifICJlu.: ll t·n tl,- s

Fl"iiillll il ll' l:i1 k l'S, 16- 26. H . HUIIl/sbichler : Eiscn illt AlItag unu Mcntnli l ~ il des sp ii lcn Mjttcl" l k rs , :l7- 3H. Il"On as pn::scJll cd in illustra tions. Z. Rusl: Eiscnkulls tguss lint! Eistmguss im offelltLid lC1l Raunl in Biihnwll , 39-45. /"'1 . Bax t1laltll : Kunst- HIllI Alh agsg uss a lls Eist!1l (unJ Bnmzc) in Lall(;hham lw l', 4'(}-GO, 0 , lVl/lU/erii,, : " Eiscn zeit " im KillJc l'zilllOle l', 61-68, Toys in il"On since thc 141h cen tury. P. W Not./' : Eiscnlc \Ve l'kzc lIge IInd Gel'ii tc illl Osta lpen nllllll - Vcrbrcitung:, Pl'uduktion , 6<)-~6.

PI"Ollucl ion uf 1"111'011 s mithi t,s a s wdl as lal"gt:-scalc manllfa(;tnring of cutlc r y, scy thcs, nail s, win' and sllt't'I of tilt' 14th - 17 th ,;enllll"ies in the iron- producing I't~gi oll s of Styt'ia a nd Ca r'inthia . C. Hochort.­Ic r : MtH lt ' I'rh: I-I c t's lcllve l'fa lll'c lI fiir ' l, nd,wcr' ti gc Pnlllllkte a ll s S tahl , 77-X2,

A. ES PELUi\ fD : Bondcj cl"Il i oq;c [ In NIJ I'wt'gi:m : Pt ' .. san t il'Oll in No r·way]. fhkct)'lll'fol"lag, T n.llld ­Ilt' illl 11)1)1) , 1511 I'JI ., 4 1 figs. T I,, : book, wrill t:n in N'lI'we:,'ian wi thout ;lIlY SUlIlll"l:l l'y in o th"I· lani,'uagt·. s lllllmarizes IllI' n 'suhs of the a uthor"s invesLiga ti ons of Ille ea l'i y NO l'wegian inlll making as known f r om hi s a l,ti c:lcs :1Ilt! tr·c:rtiscs. In fa ct, it is an hOIl"' ;;c to Olt; Evcnstad who pllbJjslwd , i.n 1790, a cll 'SITip l ion of inlll s lllc ll ing in conlc lllJ)()I'a,'y NO I·way. Conle nl s: Pa"1 I. A. Esp eiuJI(/ : FII I'o nl ; Die Dlscn. Evensl.lu/ 0;; ha ns fami lic. Een biogndi. Dct stun! pCI'spekti vl!l i lid ug mill , ] - 16. D. E'vcnstad ; AJllandling Olll Jt'l'II- Ma lm sum findes i MYl'cr og MOl":.lli sc r i NOl'ge , og Om gangs-Maatle ll med et fornvanJlc dt~ n lil J t'I'1l Ilg S lotal , 17- 6H. A. Esp elum/: J e l'llfnlllls lilli.ng pa 1400- ] 800- lale l , 69- 96, Pa"l H . NYIl s loff. Inn hold sfOl"lq,"nclsc, 97 . A, IJ!cs tc rovIIC I'- tllt' I:l lIur'::,ri 01,' drift , 98--] 12. B. N)' infol'lllasjulI i ti c si ~k

an 'rlt ', 11 3-119. C. OVl1 su lfl'o lll.ing og drift. E l fOl's0k pa a sample Iradc nc , 11 9-146. D. Nat lll'- n1,' sa lllrllnllsfodlOld , 14] - ] 51 . SllIll onl , 152--153. Tilt , hil.I.iogn,phies on p agcs 90- 1)6 ami 154- 1511 invo ln' SI·a nc l.ill:lvian litt'l':lllln: (t:xl:t:111 Schiinllall l1 11)511).

IIM S Nt·ws . Ili s llwit'a l Mt,tall ll" g), Socil'l y 'f l , Sp ri ng PJI)£). V Wall : Midtlh.: Saxoll i l" on Sllwlt.lllg fll l"lla ­ITS in L IIHbrid1,'t:shi n ', 2- 3. Two fnl'll ,lt 'es dj scoven·t! in 1997; a smillr ing hcal·1I1 with slag "o ll ulII III

~ i lll . ILu liot'al'hon datt-s: AD (1I1S- t)USN20- 9S0 . D. Killicl.: : Ea l'ly Af" it:a n tTl lI:ibl t: SltT I, 3. As III tht· l"adil ll'a l'i Jllll llwdieva l , 0 .9- 1 .7 '70 C. M. W(l),I1I(l/i. n·fl ' l·s to white eas l iron e:ui nagc ufthc Suni,' d ynasly ill C h illa (AD '10- 13) and o the l' objl,.:ts s llbmi ll t·d 10 an;h acolllcta llll q;ic:11 rcscan'h .

T. K HAFT: NU l lt- la lt t:dicllt's Eise: n i,'t'\\'nlw ill d l' l' C "afsl,haft Mlll·k and im I kl"Ztlglulll Bt 'I';; - VOIl dl' I' liindli c:lu:n Eist: llvt :dl iittllll ;; Z tllll s liidli sch ell Il a ntlwt'rk inshl~s l mtlt:n! A lt t:na , S olin g:c n lint! I3 n 'l" klT­felt! [ In Ct'nlla n : Mt.:di eval innl III 'odllt:li on in 11,,: co unt y of Mark and dllk t:d ulll Berg - fl't llll l ilt' l"Iu'al innl s lllt ,ltinl,' 11111u! It lW n c:ra ft s ' :SIIt !t:ia Ll y in AIII 'IIlI , So lin1,'en , a nd I3rccke rf, ·ld] . F'i schLac lw l" Il t' fl t' 5/ 1 11)1)1) , s-:n . A slllll'l SIlI'VI :)' IH"CSI!l1ling t ilt: n :s lllt s of a rdJa" ologiea l l'xt::LvlI tio ns in Ihe M:tl"k an d Ikr:.; , ol'ganizt ,t! Ily M . Sii lllwt;k, :n , is t'tllllJl lcted b)' II't 'alis('s t: tlll t:t! I'ning Ihl' 10WII t;,'a ft s cllg .. ;;cd ill ir OIl Wllr ­kill;; : Altt 'n a (wirc 11I·IllIIlGI.i1l1l sin ec thc 14 th t: t'nIIl I'Y ), So Jjngcn (bladcs manufac luring si rw,: ti lt' t'ad y 131h I:t' nlll" Y), a nd B"c(:keddd (small sted ba "lIwkin g: fill' Ctltit!I'Y, s ill c(! the 15th t:cntury). T Ilt' liSt' tlf wait' I' CIICI'gy is a tt cs lt.:d n :lal.ivdy laic, h avi n g bl;t:1I inll'oduecd dlll'in g: the! 14th ecnlur'y.

LA MIN I E HA PERDUTA - Cinqlle a nni di I'ice rdu: al'cheomctl.l llu rgid H: nt:! tt:n 'itorio tl.i Bit'lHlII (C. C lI l"i ni Tizzo ni IM,'sl a nd M . Tizwni ed s,). [ Ill It a li a n : A lost mjnc. Fi ve yt :.a I'S of an:ha ,'ollll~ l : dlll" ::,ri ­I'aln'st'an:h Oll ll u' IClTitO I'), ofBit'nntl , NorlhCl'lllt llly.] Cumnwllt ' tU l3ie nnt) 11)99 , 247 11,1 ., 16 Ia illl's. 7U figs., 32 plates.

T lli s al'( 'o lllll (If an:Jl:l,'(ullcla llur'gica l ac livi l.il's ill li lt: l't :6ritm tlf l3 i,' nllll , Va l CanHlllit 'a , N . Il a l)" ill \' oIVt's sl' il' nl ifil" In'atist's , t:o lllpilc tl b y It a lia n and rn'ndl sdwlars, ill form of ilu..ij\' ic.ill a l dlaplt",s l'OIlt"t ' I'!1cd wi lh lilt' t'ady m ining a mi m cl allurgy of il'u n . Contenls: Pn!llIl!SSa , 7-X. I. 11 li' ITil ul'io (M . Tiz:;Olli ), 1)- 14. 11. Lillt'alllcnli geo logic i e gi;u:ill lt' lll o logici dellclTitur'iu d i BicllllO (E Hodcgh icro 1' 1 al .), 1S- 211. Ill , La 1ll1nic l'a di I'alll l:! tU Call1 l ltl lllngll: 1111 cu lti v:lziunc "ivlllll zill11:ll'ia dd": Iwillla Eta d d Fc no . PI 'ime ipo tes i I : t1SSt;l'Vazinni (8 . All cel cl a l. ), 29-46. U ndc l'gnu ult.1 Limbe l'-dad ;;a lle "it' :; in :r "OPI',:I' mine (91 h - 61h t:cnllll'ies BC). rv. Sludio s ui t:a lllJl ion i vegdali subfoss ilj I'I'o\'enit'nli ddLIIl ­lil :a minil' I'" d i I'.Ll1lt! lU Call1pollln 1,'o (J. -C. Vadlll1l) , 47-48. V. La minient di fc n o tI.i Pi:tzza lu.nga {D.

H30 Comiu! No 63, A H 5 1, 1999

Morin), 49-60 . Alternating opencast and undergl'O utlll mining of hematite, sidcrite und goethite ores in altitudes up to ]600 Ill , dating by radiocarbon tes ts from the 15th-16th centuries AD. VI. 11 processo sidenll'orico: evnluzione stodea e indi(;i areheomeh'ici (Pit. Flu.zin). 61- 92. General remarks concerning the meta Uuro')' of iron up to the fit'st blast funla ees and its stud y. with regard to the production ill Northern Italy. V1I. Ponle di Val Ga bbia Ill: la fCH'gia c i bassofll o(;hi fra Tanloanti(x) c alto MelUoevo (C. Cllci ll.i 1'izzoni. /Mn;/), 93-139. Repolt un excavation and ana lyses of sidenll'ori cal I'cmains of tlH::

5th - ht li and 12th- 13th Ct:llhll'ies AD: re.siducs of bloom~ry funlaces , a foq;e. Amongs slag.s tllt::n~ we n: found light laiti ~ I· .s (a bout 5 %) and tWt) pieces of cas t iron . VUI. P onle di Val Gabbia I e ll : i Iw.s .su­fu(whi d.i Eta Lungobanla (C . Cucini Tizzoni). 141- 182 . Sites ] and n an: situated some 60 m nOI'lh ­wards frolll sik HI ; they yidded . as Wt~ n , bloomel'Y slag and cer tain amOllllt of la tiers with a bout 14 % FeO and a cast inm md . IX . Rieonstruzione dell ' antic:n vcgetazione deUa Val CaLLia : dal carbone lU ieb'l10 aUa fOI 'csta (G. Marziani lMl'sl and S. Cit.terio) , 183- 188. Cha n :oa l analyses fl"Om Val Gabbia III und Piazzalunga . X. Ponte tU Val GablJia Ill: i r cpcrti mdallici daUa fot ·gia. Pt'imi resuItati deUo studi o llleLa Uogntfit ;o (Ph . Fluzin ), 189- 194. A cast i"on lump wiLh 4.3 % C, PCB slags anu a qucndl- hanle­ncd steel object. PossibiUt y oflocal (;as1 iron IJl'odlld:ion discussed . XI. Le scorie d.i name (M. Tizzoni), 195- 19Y. Copper slags from Val Gabbia III and Ca mpolungo. XII. La VaUe deUe Forme: i fOI"ni e le fOI'ge lli t:pOl:a Lass tl llledieva le (C . Cucini 'fizzoll i and M. Tizzoni ), 201. RcsiJucs of iron smelting ami wOI'king ins taU at ions, bloulllery tal' slags and a piece of whi te cas t iron fl 'om the furge, datin g ft ·om 14th- 15th ccntlll 'ies AD .

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Tltc cditor thanks to all eo Lleagues who Jlmvided him with infOl'mation on theil' wtll'k in progt'CSS and JluLUclItions whieh cu uld bc quoted here. Peter Crew, MaenhHog, kindJ y read tile lll:lIltlseript of this issue .

Comit.e No 63, A N 51 , 1999 H31