FARMAKOLOGI KLINIKAL IIFARMAKOLOGI KLINIKAL IIMACP 2113MACP 2113

PENYAKIT KULIT - BERMULA DARI PENYAKIT KULIT - BERMULA DARI HURUF “HURUF “DD””

OLEH:MA32 KUMPULAN 30KSKBSAS, Ulu Kinta

NO. NAME MATRIX NO.

 1

 MUHAMMAD NASRULLAH B. MOHD ALI

 BPP2013 - 1661

 2

 MUHAFIZ B. MAHADZIR

 BPP2013 - 1619

 3

 MOHD DANIAL BIN ABDUL RASHID

 BPP2013 - 1603

 4

 MUHAMAD NAJMUDDIN B. YUSOF

NGOH

 BPP2013-1632

 5

 ARIF HUSAINI B. AHMAD BASERI

 BPP2013 - 1551

 6

 MUHAMMAD FAIZ B. ISMAIL

 BPP2013-1643

MACP 2113PENYAKIT Kulit – BERMULA DARI HURUF

“D”

KOLEJ SAINS KESIHATAN BERSEKUTU SULTAN AZLAN SHAH

1. DANDRUFF (KELEMUMUR)1. DANDRUFF (KELEMUMUR)

DandruffDandruff is the shedding of dead  is the shedding of dead skin skin cellscells from the  from the scalpscalp. As skin cells die a . As skin cells die a small amount of flaking is normal; about small amount of flaking is normal; about 487,000 cells/cm487,000 cells/cm22 get released normally  get released normally after detergent treatment.after detergent treatment.

Some people, however, experience an Some people, however, experience an unusually large amount of flaking unusually large amount of flaking either chronically or as a result of either chronically or as a result of certain triggers, up to 800,000 cells/cmcertain triggers, up to 800,000 cells/cm22, , which can also be accompanied by redness which can also be accompanied by redness and irritation.and irritation.Dandruff is a common scalp disorder Dandruff is a common scalp disorder affecting almost half of the population at affecting almost half of the population at the post-pubertal age and of any gender the post-pubertal age and of any gender and ethnicity. It often causes itching. It and ethnicity. It often causes itching. It has been well established has been well established that that keratinocyteskeratinocytes play a key role in the  play a key role in the expression and generation of immunological expression and generation of immunological reactions during dandruff formation. reactions during dandruff formation.

The severity of dandruff may fluctuate with season as it often worsens in winter. Most cases of dandruff can be easily treated with specialized shampoos. There is, however, no true cure.

• Those affected by dandruff find that it can cause social or self-esteem problems, indicating treatment for both psychological and physiological reasons.

2. Diabetes Dermopathy2. Diabetes Dermopathy

Also known as “shin spots”.Also known as “shin spots”.It is a type of skin lesion It is a type of skin lesion usually seen in people with usually seen in people with diabetes mellitus.diabetes mellitus.It is characterized by dull-red It is characterized by dull-red papules.papules.Well circumscribedWell circumscribedSmall roundSmall roundAtrophic hyperpigmented skin Atrophic hyperpigmented skin lesion usually on the shins.lesion usually on the shins.Being found in up to 30% of Being found in up to 30% of diabetics.diabetics.

3. DERMATOFIBROSARCOMAPROTUBERANS (DFSP)

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans ( DFSP ) merupakan sejenis kanser yang sukar ditemui yang menyebabkan tumor pada lapisan paling dalam kulit.

Ketumbuhan ini selalunya bermula dengan penumbuhan tampalan kulit yang kecil dan lembut berukuran 1 5 sentimeter dalam diameter yang –selalunya bewarna keunguan, kemerahan, atau kulit bewarna abnormal.

4. DISCOID LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE) merupakan keadaan kulit yang kronik dan berinflamasi di sekitar muka, telinga, kulit kepala.DLE membentuk lesi bewarna merah, tampalan kulit dan bekeruping. Bentuk selalunya didapati dalam saiz 4++ sentimeter diameter kebawah.

5. DIAPER RASH (DIAPER DERMATITIS)

Diaper Rash (DR) ialah suatu terma digunakan merujuk kepada sebarang kes iritasi kulit yang berlaku pada kawasan meliputi permukaan lampin (genital, punggung).Selalunya pesakit menunjukkan bullous lession, fissure, erosion. Kulit kebiasannya menjadi kemerahan (inflamasi).

6. DRY SKIN (XERODEMA)

TERIMAKASIH