42 Chuang V. CHAU AU PHONG KIEr^ 43

DAP AN

NhOTng chi t i e t khong dung la :

- T h d i k i phat t r i e n ciia vUctng quoc Cam-pu-chia tir the k i X V - X V I I , con goi la t h d i k i Ang-co.

- Ban tuyen ngon nhan quyen va dan quyen duac thong qua ngay 4-7-1776 d M i .

- Char so 0, 1, 2,... la phat m i n h Idn cua ngifdi H i Lap va R6-ma.

- Cdc viTcrng quoc c6 d Dong N a m A deu chiu anh hufdng cua vSn hoa T r u n g Qu6'c.

(De thi cfe nghj cua TrUdng THPT Chuyen Thoai Ngoc Hau

— Dieu k i e n : K i thuat hang ha i c6 t i e n bo : Tau c6 banh l a i , c6 he thong buom Idn , dii

kha nSng viicft dai duTcfng, phat m i n h ra la b^n,.. . .

b) Bang thong ke :

CHlfONG V

C H A U A U PHONG K I E N

Cau 31 NhOng cuOc phat kien I6n ve dja If d the kf XV - XVI:

a) Nguyen nhdn va dieu ki^n.

b) Lgp b a n g thong ke theo c d c m y c sou :

Thdi gian NgUdi ph^t kien Ket quS

1415 Hoang tijf H e n - r i T h a m h iem bd bien phia tay chau Ph i

1487 B. Di-a-xor Vong qua ciTc nam chau P h i

1492 Crix-to-pha C6-16m-b6 N a m 1492 den Cu-ba va mgt so dao vung bien Ang - t i

1497 Vax-c6 da Ga-ma Den Ca-li-cut bcr b ien tay nam A n Dp vao nam 1497

1519 - 1522 Ma-gien-lang Chuyen vong quanh the gidi dau t i e n bkng dufdng bien

Thdi gian Ngi/di ph^t kien Ket quS

c) Danh gid ket qua va neu anh hadng c u a c d c cuOc phdt kien dia If d6'i vci sU phdt trien c u a xd hpi.

DAP AN a) Nguyen nhSn va diSu ki$n :

- Nguyen n h a n :

+ The k i X V k i n h te hang hoa chau A u phdt t r i e n nen nhu cau v '̂ nguyen l i ^ u , t h i trUcfng ngay cang tSng.

+ Su t h e m k h a t v^ng bac, san vat quy d phuofng Dong.

+ Con dudng giao liAj giora chau Au va phifang Dong qua Tay A va Dia Trung H a i b i ngi/di A - rap chig'm. Viec t i m k i e m con diibng thong thuang buon hAn m6i la rS't c^n t h i e t .

c) Danh gia ket qua va anh hadng cua cac cu0c phat kii'n dia U doi vdri stf phat trii'n ciia xa hoi:

- Ve k i n h te : + Dem ve cho t r i eu d inh va thUcfng n h a n chau Au nhieu hang hoa,

hucfng l ieu, thuc day cong nghiep chau Au phat t r i e n .

+ M d ra con dUcfng giao thong buon ban mdi , tao t h i trtfcfng mdi .

- Ve t r i thijfc khoa hoc : + Cham diJt t h d i k i each biet Dong - Tay, md ra giai doan m d i trong

giao luu quoc te giuTa cdc quoc gia vk cac nen v&n m i n h vSn hod khdc nhau.

+ Tao sir chuyen bien m d i t rong n h a n thiJc xa hoi . Con ngUdi hieu bi§'t chinh xdc han ve T r a i Dat , ve cdc dan toe, cdc vung dat mdi .

- M d ra t h d i k i xam chiem cifdp boc d chau A , Ph i , M i L a t i n h md dau cho su ra ddi ciia chii nghia thiTc dan.

- K§'t luan : Phat k i e n dia l i duoc coi nhif mot " C U Q C cdch mang t h d t sir" ^'"ong l i n h viTc giao thong va t r i thiifc.

(De thi chinh thUc nim 2000)

Cau 32 Trinh b a y vd sU hinh thanh c a c vLfang qud'c phong kien d c h a u Au. Hdy mieu ta mpt Idnh dia phong kien.

44 Chaang V. C H A U A U P H O N G K I E N

DAP AN

a) Su hinh thanh cac viiang quoc phong ki^n d chau Au :

- TCr the k i I I I , de quoc R6 -ma khung hoang suy vong. N a m 476, nguoi Gi6c-man chinh phuc R6-ma. Che do chiem n6 ket thiic t r e n vung bien Dia Trung H a i , thcfi dai phong k i e n b^t dau d chau A u .

- Ngucfi Giec-man t h i i t ieu bp may nha nifdrc cu, chiem ruong dat ciia cac chii no chia cho c^c t h a n h v ien ciia m i n h . Nhuing nguTdi chi huy dufcfc nhan phan Idn.

- Cdc thu l i n h ngudi Giec-man xung vua, phong tudc v i cho cdc tU<Jng ta, tao n e n mot tang Idfp quy toe v6 s i .

- Trong cac bo lac Giec-man, ngiTdi Phor-rSng l a nh6m manh hcfn ca, T h i i l i n h ciia ho 1^ Clo-vit (481 - 511) da X L f n g vua va lap ra vuang quoc Pho-rang. Dg'n thcfi Sac-lcf-ma-nho (768 - 811), vMng quoc nay phdt t r i e n rpng Idn . Qua t r i n h phong k ien hoa d i l n r a manh me, cac l a n h dia h i n h thanh , quy toe CO nhieu rugng dat trdr t h ^ n h l a n h chiia, n6 1§ v a nong dan thanh nong no.

b) Mo ta mot lanh dia phong ki^'n :

- L a n h dia l a dorn v i ch inh t r i v a k i n h t§' cof ban trong t h d i k i phong k i e n phan quyen d chau A u . I

- L a n h dia bao gom mot khu virc da't dai rong Idn , trong do cd h a i bo ' phan chii yeu l a : Dat dai cua l a n h chiia v a dat khau phan.

- Ngudi san xuat ch inh t rong l a n h dia l a nong no. Ho pha i nop to cho l a n h chua va nhieu t h d thue khac, phai phuc dich cho lanh chua.

- So vdi no le , t h a n phan nong no kha Idn n e n ho da quan t a m den s a n xua't, cai t i e n k i thuat nong nghi^p.. . Trong lanh . dia, nong no ta san xua't ra moi t h d , SLf trao doi vdi ben ngoai hau n h u khong cd. Nhi f vay, l a n h dia con l a CO sd k i n h te ddng k i n mang t i n h cha't tiT nh ien , tiT cap, t i i tuc.

- Do bi bdc lot va doi xijf tan nhan, nong no nhieu Ian noi day dau t ranh .

(De thi de nghi cua TrUdng THPT Chuyen Hung Vuang)

Cau 33

H a y trinh b a y n g u y e n n h a n ra d d i c u a c6c t h a n h thj t rung d g i c h d u A u .

- Voi t ro c u a t h a n h thi t r ung d g i c h d u A u .

- So sanh t h a n h thj t r ung d g i c h d u Au vdi c a c t h a n h thj t r ung d g i p h u o n g D o n g ,

45

DAP AN

a) NhOng diiu ki^n dSn d^n sU ra ddi cua thanh thj Jay Au thdi trung d^i:

_ T i / the k i X I san xuat nong nghi^p d Tay A u phat t r i e n dan den su tang nhanh san pham xa ho i .

_ Xuat h ien nhieu san pham thiTa, nay s inh nhu cau trao doi , mua ban.

_ Tao dieu k i e n cho vi§c chuyen mon hoa cua nhOfng ngufdi tho th i i cong.

_ NhiJng ngufdi thof t h i i cong t i m each tach k h d i l a n h dia den nhOTng noi thu4tn t i $ n de san xua't, mua ban (cac ben song, cac dau moi giao thong...). Tai nhijrng noi nky dan dan h i n h t h a n h t h a n h t h i .

b) Vai tro cua thanh thi: - K i n h te h^ng hoa g ian dcfn phdt t r i l n pha vd k i n h te ti f cung t u cap,

la mot t rong nhufng n h a n to dSn den sii suy vong ciia ehe do phong k i e n . - Xoa bo che do t a n quyen xay duing che dp phong k i e n t$p quyen,

thong nha't quoc gia dan toe. - Trong t h a n h t h i cd khong k h i tuT do dan chu, tao dieu k i e n cho t r i

thdc, van hoa phat t r i e n .

c) So sanh cac thanh thj trung dai Tay Au va cac thanh thi trung dai phitcfng Dong:

- T h a n h t h i t r u n g dai Tay A u la mpt phan de k i n h te - xa hoi cua nong thon l a n h dia.

- Sir Idn m a n h ciia t h ^ n h t h i TSy A u g^n l i e n vdi sir phat t r i e n ciia nen k inh te hang hoa.

- T h a n h t h i t rung dai Tay A u cd t i n h tiT t r i , t h i dan bau ho i dong quan l i thanh t h i .

- T h a n h t h i t r u n g dai Tay A u tuy c6n n a m trong khuon kho ciia che do phong k i e n nh img da phat huy t i n h t i ch eiic thue day xa hp i phong k i e n phat tri§'n, va ve sau t r d t h a n h nhufng t h a n h t h i can dai t u ban chii nghia :

- Ci phuong Dong uy quyen t o i thi fdng cua nha vua d kh^p moi nai, khong CO dieu k i e n d§' cac t h a n h t h i t\i t r i xua't h ien .

- T a t ca moi hoat dong k i n h te cua cdc t h a n h t h i phirong Dong d i u do nha nude phong kie'n k i e m soat va khd'ng che, cho nen khong cd d i l u k i e n <=ho k i n h te' hang hoa tU do phat triS'n. Do do, t h a n h t h i da hoa nhap vdi •^ong thon.

V i vay, d phuong Dong tuy cd nhOng t h a n h t h i phon t h i n h nhung khong •̂ he c h u y i n b ien t h a n h nhOng t h a n h t h i can dai t u ban chu nghia nhU d Phuong Tay.

(DS thi dS nghi cua TrUdng THPT Nguyen Du)

46 Chuang V. C H A U A U P H O N G K I E N 47

Cau 34 N§u nhOng diem giong nhau va khac nhau cd bdn trong qua trinh hinh thanh phat trien va suy vong cua che dp phong kien phUdng Dong va phUdng Toy.

DAP AN a) Qud trinh hinh thhnh :

- Sir giS'ng nhau ;

+ N e n k i n h t§' nong nghiep, t i f cung, t i f cap.

+ Xa ho i : Nong dan la lire li/grng s a n xuat ch inh, xa ho i h i n h t h a n h hai giai cap cor ban : Nong dan va dia chij phong k ien .

+ Quan h f hoc lot dia to la ph6' bien.

+ Ve ch inh t r i : H i n h t h a n h che do phong k i e n p h^n quyen.

- Sir khac nhau :

+ Che do phong k i e n phirong Dong xuat h ien s<Jm hon phiTOng Tay, do yeu cau l a m thuy Ipti phuc vu nong nghiep, doan ket chong ngoai xam, da h i n h t h a n h quoc gia Idn.

+ Che do phong k i e n phirong Tay xuat h ien muon hon, v^o nSm 476 do sir sup do ciia de quoc R6-ma va sir xam nhap cua ngirdi Giec-man, da h inh t h a n h nhCrng the lire l a n h chua cdt ciir.

b) Qua trinh phat trien :

- Sir giong nhau :

+ Ve k i n h te : Ngoai nong nghiep, thu cong va thirong nghiep deu phat t r i e n , t h a n h t h i da ra dcri.

+ Ve ch inh t r i : H i n h t h a n h che do phong k i e n tap quyen, xuat h ien nha nirdc chuyen che t rung iTOiig tap quyen, vua c6 quyen uy tuyet doi.

+ Ve t a tirdng : Lay ton giao l a m ccf sdr H luan cho che do thong t r i (Nho gido T r u n g Quoc, H o i giao d A n Do; Th ien Chua giao d phiTOng Tay).

- Sir khdc nhau :

+ Che do phong k i e n tap quyen d phirong Tay dien ra muon htfn phiTOng D6ng, khoang the k i X H I den the k i X I V , c6 t h i dan giup dd.

+ Giai cap thong t r i d phuorng Dong la : Dia chii , quy tpc phong k ien . Con d phuong TSy la the lire quy toe, tang lOf cau ket vdi n h a u , hoc lot nong no t a n bao.

+ Giai ca'p b i t r i d phuofng Dong l a ngirdi nong dan ta d i l n , cuoc song c6 p h a n de chiu h o n ngirdi nSng no d phirong TSy.

+ Mau thuSn giai cap trong xa hoi phong kien phuong Tay gay gat ho phiTtfng Dong ( l i giai phan nao sir sup do sdm cua che do phong kien phirong Tay).

+ Ve tir tirdng : Sir can th iep cua tSng I d phiTcfng Tay vao bo may nha niTdc cong k h a i , chat che hon phirong Dong.

c) Qua trinh suy vong:

- Sd gidng nhau : Do mau thuan giai cap gida nong dan vdi quy toe phong k i e n .

- Sir khac nhau : + d phirong Dong c6 sir x^m nhap ciia chu nghia thUc dan nen mau t h u i n

dan tQC, giai cap da l am che do phong k ien suy yg'u khung hoang (the k i X V I I I - the k i XIX) . N h a n dan phirong Dong phai t ien hanh cuoc each mang dan toe dan chii nhan dan chdng thiTc dan, lat do phong k ien (the k i XX).

+ 6 phirong Tay : Cac phat k i e n dia l i da tao dieu k ien cho chu nghia tiT ban xuat h ien trong long xa ho i phong k i e n , giai cap t\i san da l a n h dao nhan dan lam cuoc cAch mang tir san l a t do che dp phong k ien . Chii nghia tiT ban phat t r i e n d phirong Tay sdm hon d phirong Dong (the k i X V I I ) .

(De ihi de nghi cua TrUdng THPT Chuyen Ly Tu Trong)

Cau 35 Tgi sao phong trao Cai each ton giao Igi dl4n ra d chdu Au ? Neu dgc diem va tdc dung cua phong trdo ndy doi vdi xd hpi Toy Au.

DAP AN

a) Nguyen nhan dSn den phong trao Cai each tdn giao d chau Au :

- K i - t o giao la he tir tirdng cua che do phong k i e n , chiem dia v i thong t r i va chi phdi toan bo ddi song ch inh t r i Tay A u (Giao hoang R6-ma t r d t h a n h vua ciia cac vua).

- Giao ho i dira vao t h a n quyen, duy t r i ch inh sach ngu dan trire t iep boc lot cac dan toe.

- Giai cap tir san dang len coi gido ho i la mot the lire k i n h te xa ho i va t i n h t h a n can t r d birdc t i e n ciia ho.

Cuoc dau t r a n h chdng phong k i e n da l a m chdy len ngon Ida cua phong tr^o Cai cdeh ton giao.

b) DSc diem va f ic dung ciia phong trao :

h - Dac d i l m : 1 + Phe phan nha t h d va neu l en nhOng tiT tirdng t i e n bo.

48 Chuang V. CHAU AU PHONG KIEN

+ Doi tuong ciia cuoc dau tranh la cho'ng lai bp phan c6 quyen lUc va phan dong nhat ciia che do phong kien.

+ Dai bieu ciia phong trao la Lu-thot (1483 - 1546) Can-vanh (1509 - I564 + Noi dung dau tranh : Ca Lu-tho va Can-vanh diu khong muon thii tieu

ton gido, chi diing bien phdp on ho^, quay ve vdi giao l i Ki-to nguyen thuy. Cac ong d6i thu tieu vai tro cua giao hoi, giao hoang, bai bo nhOrng thii tuc va I I nghi phien ha.

C/ T i c dung ciia phong trao :

- TCr ni/dtc Dufc, phong trao Cai each ton giao Ian nhanh ra kh^p cdc nirdc Tay Au va dufoc dong dao quan chiing di theo.

- Tac dong thiic day, cham ngoi cho cac cuoc dau tranh ciia nong dan tho thii cong von ckm ghet ca giao hoi ISn phong kien.

- Giao hoi Ki-to phan ufng dien cuong. Cuo'i ciing diTa den sy phan chia xa hoi Tay Au thanh hai phe : Tan giao (dao Tin lanh) va CiTu giao (dao Ki -to). Hai phdi nay mau thuSn, xung dot nhau trong suot thcfi gian cuoi ciia che do phong kien d Tay Au. v

( D e (/)/ de nghi cua TrUdng THPT Chuyen Nguyen Du)

Cau 3 6

Vi sao xudt hi^n phong trao Van hod Phuc hang ? Trinh b a y nhCng thdnh ti/u ndi b g t ve vdn hod, ngh# thugt, khoa hpc kT thugt thdi Phuc hung ? Nhgn xet

phong trdo Vdn hod Phgc hiJng.

DAP AN

a) Nguyen nhan xuat hi^n phong trao Van hoa Phuc hUng:

- Nen san xuat tir ban chii nghla nay sinh trong long che dp phong kien va ngay c^ng Idn manh. Giai cap tvt sdn cung theo do ma trifdng thanh.

- Gido l i Ki-to vdi nhiYng quan niem loi thdi ciia xa hpi phong kien khong phCi hop vdi phi/cfng thiJc song va lam vi^c cua giai cap tU san.

- Giai cap ti;f san nhin thay trong t inh hoa cua nen van hoa H i Lap -R6-ma c6 nhiJng dieu phii hop vdi minh, nen da phuc hoi t inh hoa vSn hoa CO dai. Qua do, ho muon noi len y nguyen xay difng mpt xa hoi dua tren nhan ban va tu do.

b) NhOtng thanh ti/u ndi b$t ciia Van hoa Phuc hung:

- Thanh tuu van hoa, nghe thuat :

49

G^n lien vdi cac danh nhan van hod Idn nhu': Ra-bo-le, De-cac-tcf, Le-6- ^ na do Vanh-xi, Sech-xpia,... bang nhufng tac pham ciia minh, ho da Ign an nghiem khac giao h p i Ki-to, tan cong vao trat txi xa hoi phong kien, de cao . gia t r i con ngudi va quyen t u do ca nhan, de cao khoa hoc tur nhien va xay dirng the gidi quan duy vat tien bp.

- Linh vifc khoa hoc - k i thu^t :

+ Khoa hoc : * Cac phat minh ve thien van ciia C6-pec-nich, Bru-no, Ga-li-l§ ; ve todn

hoc cua De-cac-tof,... * Cac nha t r i e t hoc : Be-cofn, Spi-no-da,...

* Nganh giai phau : Nhieu nha giai ph iu danh tieng xuat hien.

+ K i thuat : * Sii dung sure nUdc, luyen sat, hang hai, in .

c) Nhan xet ve phong trao Van hoa Phuc hung :

- Phe phan xa h p i phong kien va giao hoi.

- De cao gia t r i con ngudi.

- Doi t i i do ca nhan.

=> Chong phong kien, c6 vu va md di/dng cho van hoa chau Au phat trien.

- Han che : De cao gia t r i eon ngifdi nhiftig eon ngudi d day la con ngiTdi

tu s a n .

- Phong trao tao nen mot chuyen bien ra't quan trong trong ddi song tinh than ciia nhan loai : "Do la mot eupc each mang tien bp v i dai nha't ma loai ngudi chua tCfng thay, mpt thdi dai c a n den eon ngudi khong 16, khong 16 ve tur tirdng, ve nhiet t inh va ve t inh cAch, khong I6 ve tai nang moi mat va ve sir hieu biet s a u rpng ciia ho" (Ang-ghen).

(De thi de nghi cua Tnfdng THPT Chuyen Le Khiet)

Cau 3 7 Trinh bdy qua trinh chuyen bien tC/ phong kien phdn quyen (hay tdn quySn) sang

phong kien tdp quyen d chdu Au vd chdu A (Id'y Trung Qudc Idm dgi di^n).

DAP AN

1. Gidri thi^u khai quat giai doan phong kie'n phan quyen :

- CJ Trung Quoc thdi nha Chu v d i h$ thong chi/ h a u . - Cf chau Au vdi thdi k i ciia cac lanh dia phong kien.

50 Chuong V. CHAU AU PHONG KIEN

2. Stf c h u y e n b i e n tuT phong k i e n p h a n q u y e n s a n g phong kiet , tap q u y e n

- d chau A : Tieu bieu la Trung Quoc.

+ Su phan quyen vdi su xuat h ien he thong chir hau da difa den t i n h t r a n g loan lac va chien t r a n h thon ti 'nh Ian nhau k6o d^i gan 1000 n&m (thofi k i Xuan Thu).

+ Den thcfi nha T i n viec tap quyen dufgc thuc h ien do h^nh dpng chu quan va quyet d inh thuc hien cua mot ca nhan (Tan Thuy Hoang).

- d chau A u :

+ Sau thori gian ra dori v^ phat t r i e n , den the k i X I nen k i n h te l a n h dia cua che do phong k ien phan quyen da t r d t h a n h vat can cho su phat t r i e n cua k i n h te chau Au.

+ Do su phat t r i e n cua lUc lugng san xuS't trong n6ng nghiep, san pham nong nghiep du thUa tao ra bien dong ca cau trong xa ho i cac l a n h dia.

+ Su phan cong lao dpng trong nong nghiep t h u c6ng nghiep da l am xuat h ien tang 16p thuong nhan va tang Idp t h i dan t h a n h t h i ra d&i.

- Su ra dori cua t h a n h t h i da tao bien ddi l<Jn :

+ Vai tro ciia l a n h cliua va k i n h te l a n h dia ng^y cAng suy yeu.

+ Su thu hep l a n h dia va vai tro suy yeu cua l a n h chua tao dieu k i e n de nha vua ndm quyen luc ciia m i n h .

+ T h i dan ket hup v(Ji nha vua t i e n h ^ n h nhieu bien phap k i n h te -ch inh t r i - quan su xoa bo l a n h dia, t ieu diet l a n h chua, xay dUng che do phong k i e n tap q u y l n .

(De thi de nghi cua TrUdng THPT Chuyen Tien Giang)

Cau 3 8

Chu nghTo tu ban da xudt hi$n d Toy Au thdi hgu ki trung dgi nha the nao ?

DAP AN

Cac cuoc phat k ien dia l i va nhUng hau qua cua no dem l a i c6 y nghia md dau mot t h d i k i mo'i : Su ra dori cua chu nghia thuc dan va chu nghia t u ban.

a) Qua trinb tich luy ban dau ciia chu nghJa tuban :

- Sau cac cuoc phdt k i e n dia l i , quy toe v^ thuong nhan chau A u (chii yeu la Bo Dao Nha va Tay Ban Nha) ra sUc cudp boc ciia cai, t a i nguyen, v^ng bac ciia cac nUdc khdc (chu yeu \k of M i La t inh ) . Liic do A n h , Phdp,

51

24a Lan la nhufng nUorc c6 san xuat cong nghiep phat t r i e n hon, c6 nhieu hang hoa nen cua cai, vang bac do la i chuyen vao tay cac nha san xuat ciia cac nU(3c nay.

_ SU t i ch luy ban dau ciia chii nghia tU ban dUcrc tao nen bdi ha i yeu to :

+ Von (tu ban) : Bfing nhieu bien phdp nhung chu yeu la do sU cudp hoc

cac dat thUc dan. + Lao dong l a m thue : N h a n cong duuc tao ra do sU ban cung hod va sU

tu6c doat tu l ieu san xuat ciia cong nhan .

b) SI/ xuat hien cac binh thtJTc kinh doanh tit ban chii nghia :

- N h d CO qua t r i n h t i ch luy nguyen thuy, or chau A u da xuat h i ^ n nhufng h i n h thiJc k i n h doanh tU ban chu nghia :

+ Cong trUdng t h i i cong moc len thay the cho cAc phudng hpi . O day da CO sU phan cong lao dong, chuyen mon hoa theo day chuyen san xuat. NSng suat lao dong tang , san pham l a m ra nhieu hon, nhanh horn, gia ca re . Quan h§ giUa ngUdi cong nhan vd i ngU&i quan l i x i nghiep la quan h$ tha va chii . Chii xudng k iem dupc nhieu Ip i nhuan, con thp t h i b i boc Ipt . Quan he san xuat t u ban chii nghia dUcfc h i n h t h a n h .

+ Trong thuong nghiep : Xuat h i en cac cong t i thUOng m a i Idn thay the cho thuong ho i t h d i t rung dai .

+ Trong nong nghiep : Xuat h ien cac don dien, t r a n g t r a i tU ban chii nghia va suf dung cong n h a n nong nghiep.

Trong cac h i n h thufc k i n h doanh tU ban chii nghia t h i cong trUdng th i i cong la dac trUng tieu bieu cho sU ra ddi cua chu nghia tU ban, la h i n h thijfc to chUc san xuat c6 quy mo tuong doi Idn, thich hdp vdi nen k i n h te hkng hoa.

c) Xa hoi: Cung vdi sU ra ddi ciia chii nghia tU ban, nhiJng giai cap mdi cung h i n h t h a n h .

- Chii xudng hay cong. n h a n giau c6 t r d t h a n h giai cap tU san. Ho la nhUng ngUdi c6 the lUc ve k i n h te nhUng l a i chUa c6 dia v i ch inh t r i tUomg xufng. Ho se la lUc lUcfng l a n h dao cuoc each mang tU san chong che do phong k i e n .

- Nhufng ngUdi l a m thue 1^ nhOfng ngUdi v6 san b i boc lOt nSng ne, sau nay ho d i theo tU san chong l a i che do phong k i e n .

(De thi de nghi cua TrUdng THPT Chuyen Le Quy Don)

52 Chuang V. C H A U A U PHONG KIEN

Cau 3 9 a ) Lap b a n g t h o n g ke c a c sU k i ^n q u a n t r qng t r ong C U Q C e a c h m g n g c o n g

ngh i $ p Anh t he ki XVIIL C h o b i e t p h a t mlnh n a o c 6 y nghTa q u a n t r png nhd t ? Vi sao ?

Nam May

moc NgUdi s a n g che,

phat minh

•

Ti'nh nang cua may

1765

1769

1779

1784

1785

D a u t h e

k i X I X

b) Tim nhQng ch i t ie t k h ong d u n g ve e a c h m g n g c o n g n g h i ^ p Anh : - Bdt dau tC/ c o n g n g h i ^ p n h ^ . - Xud't h i ^ n d 6 u may xe iCfa v d t d u t h u y c h g y b d n g sOc nUdc . - Nen e d n g t hUdng n g h i ^ p n a d e Anh p h a t t r ien nhd't t h e g id i . - Xud't h i ^ n may hdi n iJdc, - DUa lod i n gad i b a d e sang n e n v d n m inh h g u c o n g ngh i $p . - C o n n gad i b ie t sCf d g n g t h a n d d t h e y t h an c u i .

DAP AN

a) Lap niin bieu ve nbOng phat minh, sang che may moc trong each mang cong nghi^p Anh :

UStm May m6c NgUdi s a n g che,

phat minh Ti'nh ndng c u a may

1765 X a m a y

G i e n - n i G i e m Ha-gri-vof C6 8 o n g c h i , n S n g sua t t S n g 8 I a n

1769 M a y keo

sai

Ac-crai-tot B d n h xe chay b a n g sure ni fdc

1779 M a y keo

scJi c a i t i e n Crom - toTn Cho s o l n h o v a b i n , d $ t r a d e p , b e n

b a n

53

1784 M a y hori

niTdfc

G i e m O a t Toe do san x u a t va n a n g suat lao

dOng t a n g l e n r o r e t . N h a m ^ y c6 t h e

x a y d i t o g d b a t ciif ncfi nao . A p d u n g

t r o n g cac n g a n h cong n g h i e p khde .

1785 M a y d e t L i n h m u c

Cac-rai-tcf

T a n g n a n g sua t lao d o n g d e n 40 I a n

D a u

t h e k i

X I X

D a u m a y

xe lufa

D a u m a y keo cac t oa t a u . N g a n h

d u d n g sa t p h a t t r i e n

P h a t m i n h c6 y n g h i a q u a n t r o n g n h a t l a m a y hofi ntfdc v i sir x u a t h i e n

ci ia m a y hai nu6c da d a n h dau hudc n g o a t m d i t r o n g l i c h suf v a n m i n h t h e

g i d i , dua n h a n l o a i hxidc s ang n e n v a n m i n h cong n g h i e p .

b) NhOng chi tiet khong diing ve each mang cong nghiep Anh la : - X u a t h i e n dau m a y xe luTa v a t a u t h u y chay b a n g sufc nxXdc.

- D u a l o a i ng i f d i budc sang n e n v a n m i n h h a u c o n g n g h i e p .

(De thi de nghj cua TrUdng THPT Chuyen Ben Tre)

CHLfONG VI

NHtma C U 6 C C A C H M A N G T U S A N D A U T H 6 I C A N D A I

Cau 4 0 Ve c d e h m g n g c o n g ngh lQp d Anh v d o t he kl XVIII, h d y c h o b i e t : a ) N g u y e n n h d n v d nhOng p h d t minh ? b) Tdc d g n g c u e C U Q C e d c h m g n g n d y d o i vd i t inh hinh kinh t e v d xd hgi c u

n a d e Anh n h a t he n d o ?

DAPAN a) Nguyen nhin va nhOng phat minh : - N g u y e n n h a n :

+ D a y l a cuoc each m a n g ve k i t h u a t , l a bifdrc n h a y v o t tCr s a n x u a t nh

b a n g lao dOng t h i i c o n g s a n g s a n x u a t lorn b a n g m a y m6c .

+ GiOra the k i thuf X V I I , san xuat nhieu hang hoa va dem lai nhieu Igj nhuan cho giai cap tu san.

- Nhufng phat minh :

Cach mang cong nghiep d nadc Anh bat dau trong cong nghiep nhe ( v i i t von, tu ban thu hoi nhanh, loi nhuan d l dang).

+ Nam 1765, Giem Ha-gri-vo sang che ra chiec xa may Gien-ni, tang nang sua't len 8 l^n .

+ Nam 1769, Ac-crai-to che tao may k6o scfi chay bang sufc rnidc.

+ Nam 1771, nha may det dau ti§n xSy dUng d Anh.

+ Nam 1784, Giem Oat phdt minh ra mdy hoi nUdc. May hoi nifdc difgc suf dung bat dau tCr nganh det, sau do Ian ra cac nganh cong nghiep khac va trong giao thong van tai .

+ Nam 1785, Cac-rai-to phat minh ra may det chay bang hoi nifdc, tang nang suat len 40 Ian.

+ Dau the k i XIX, xuat hien dau may xe lufa va tau thuy chay bang dpng C O hoi nii6c.

+ Trong c6ng nghiep nang cung c6 nhieu phat minh mdi nhu luyen gang thanh sat va thep, suT dung than da.

Trong nhiJng may moc dugc phat minh dt the k i X V I I I , v i f c phat minh ra may hoi nUdc c6 y nghia quan trong nhat vi no dufOc suf dung rong rai trong cac nganh cong nghiep va giao thong van tai , tao ra mpt cuoc each mang trong cong nghiep.

b) Tac dgng ciia cugc each mang:

- Ve kinh te :

+ Lam thay doi nhanh chong bo mat nUdc Anh.

+ Bi6n nude Anh tCr mot nufdc nong nghiep th^nh mpt nifdc c6 nen cong thuong nghiep phat trien nhat tren the gidi.

- Ve xa hoi :

Hinh thanh hai giai cap eo ban :

+ Giai cap t\i san cong nghiep c6 the luc k inh te va chinh t r i trd thanh giai cap thong t r i thUc sir.

+ Giai ca'p v6 san cong nghiep bi hoc Ipt tham t? nen da sdm dau tranh qua phong trao d§p pha may moc (1811 - 1812).

(De thi chinh thijfc nSm 20041

Cau 41 Hay trinh b a y nhQng net chinh ve di4n t)ien c u a c u p c Cach mang tU san Anh (1642 - 1689), phan tfch va danh gid vai trd c u a giai c a p ta son Anh trong cuQC e a c h mgng ndy.

DAPAN

a) Giaidoan 1 (1642- 1649): _ Do can tien de dan ap cupc khdi nghia d Xcot-len, Sac-lo I bupc phai

trieu tap Quoc hoi de dinh thue mdi. Quoc hpi Anh khong chuan y ma c6n phe phan nhCrng chinh sdch chuyen quyen, bao ngiigc cua vua. Sac-lo I dua quan dpi dan ap. Dan chiing Anh ling hO va bao ve Quoc hpi. Tha't bai, Sac-lo I chay len mien B^c, diTa vao dia chu quy tpc, tap hop life lifpng, tuyen chien vdi Quoc h6i (thang 8 - 1642).

- Cupc npi chien giuTa Vua va Quoc hpi Anh keo dai 6 nam :

+ Giai doan (1642 - 1644) : Quan dpi Quoc hpi do ehiia chuan hi k i ludng, lai khong t inh nhup nen that bai.

+ Phe Quoc hpi da quyet dinh di/a Grom-oen, ngUcri da xay dUng thanh cong dpi quan "sUdn s^t" lam Tong chi buy. Chien thang Mac-tO Mo-ro dUpc coi la birdc ngoat ciia cupc npi chien.

+ Giai doan (1645 - 1648) : Phe Quoc hpi hoan toan gianh the chu dpng. Mua he 1645 chien th^ng d Ne-do-bi da giang cho quan dpi nha vua mot tran chi mang.

+ Npi chien ket thue nam 1648. Sac-lo I bi xuf tuf vao thang 1 - 1648. Anh trd thanh niTdc cpng hoa. Cach mang dat den dinh cao.

* Danh gia vai tro ciia giai cap t\i san : d giai doan dau ciia cupc each mang, giai cap tuf san Anh da khSng dinh

duoc kha nang lanh dao ciia minh, kha nang tap hop life li/Ong quan chiing. Hp da chiing to dupe t inh each mang, t inh tien phong, ki§n quyet xoa bo che dp phong kien, xay ditog mot xa hpi mdi.

b) Giai doan 2 (1648 - 1689): ~ Sau khi each mang thang Ipi, giai cap tU san xay difng nen nha nirdc

^Ong hoa (1649). The nhitog ddi song ciia nhan dan lao dpng van khong c6 gi thay doi. Moi yeu cau, mpi quyen loi ciia hp deu khong dUpe giai quyet.

- Do bat man, tir nam 1648 den nam 1653 quan chiing nhan dan xu6'ng <Ju6ng chong chinh quyen tU san, chong vipc chiem dat cong, doi eai thipn •^^i song.

56 Chuang VI. N H a N G CUQC CACH M A N G TU SAN.

- N a m 1653, giai cap ttf san t h i e t lap che do doc t a i quan sU viia de che ngq quan chung, vCra t i e n h a n h cdc cuoc chien t r a n h xam luoc (chiem Ai - l en , Xcot-len, chien t r a n h A n h - Ha Lan) de Ian t r a n h kho i phai g ia i quyet nguyen vong ciia n h a n dan.

- Cai chet ciia Crom-oen (3 - 9 - 1658) da cham diirt t h 6 i k i cong hoa. Giai cap dai tuf san v a quy tgc bao thu phuc hoi l a i vtTOng t r ieu Xtiu-ot .

- TCr nam 1688 den nSm 1689 Quoc ho i l a m cuoc chinh bien (nSm 1688), l a t do d6ng Xtiu -ot , dua V in -hem 0-ran-gio len ngoi, che do quan chii lap hien dqoc t h a n h lap.

* Danh gia vai tro cua giai cap txi san :

Sang thcfi k i nay, giai cap tuf san A n h da b^t dau hoc lo ro t i n h bao t h i i , thoa hiep, khong muon day cuoc cdch mang di den t&n ciing. Giai cap nay da cong kha i quay liftig l a i quan chiing n h a n dan lao dong, khong thuc hien nhOfng cam ket da hufa v6i ho. N e n quan chii lap h ien luc bay gid thiTc chat chi l a sur san se quyen life giiJa giai cap t\X san vdi giai cap phong k ien

c) Ket luan :

Q u a ddnh gia vai t r6 ciia giai cap tU san A n h trong cuoc each mang, chung ta c6 the n h a n d inh r k n g cuoc each mang nay la cuoc each mang t\i san khong t r i e t de. N6 v a n chua xoa bo hoan toan vai tro ciia giai cap phong k i e n , v S n chua g ia i quyet duoe v a n de ruong dat cho nong dan, v a n ehua t h i e t lap nen chinh quyen hoan toan ciia giai cap tiT san, v S n chUa xay di /ng difoc nhiJng nguyen tSc co ban cua nen dan chii t\X san. Mac dii giai cap t i f san d a chufng to difoc kha nang l a n h dao ciia m i n h , nhifng t i n h chat bao t h i i , nufa v&i cua giai cap t u san A n h da khong dUa diTcfc cuoc each mang nay den t h a n g l o i .

(De tbi cfe nghi cua

Trudng THPT NAng khieu Dai hoc Quoc gia TP. HCM)

C a u 4 2

a) Trinh bay khdi qudt ve C U Q C c d c h mgng ta son rr\6 66u thdi cOn dpi trong lich sLf th§' gi6i (nguyen nhan, di§n biS'n, tinh chdt , y nghia).

b) Lgp bdng so sdnh e a c h mgng ta san vd c d c h mgng v6 sdn (dd'i tadng, dgng lac, Idnh d g o , muc dich, hadng phdt trien),

DAP AN

a) Cuoc each mang tif san mof dau thcfi can dai the gidi: Cach mang tif san A n h the k i X V I I .

57

- Nguyen n h a n :

K i n h te : K i n h te tiT ban chii nghIa phat t r i e n . + Cong triTdng t h i i cong phat t r i e n nhanh. + Ngoai thifong phat t r i e n .

+ T h a n h t h i t r d t h ^ n h t rung t a m thufong nghiep va ngan hang.

+ Chii nghia t\i ban t h a m nhap vao nong thon dfin den qua t r i n h "rao dd't cUdp ruong" t iep d i l n khdng ngCrng.

+ Mau thuSn giiJa life liJOng s^n xuat mdi (tiT ban chii nghia) vdi quan he san xuat l o i t h d i (phong kien) .

Xa ho i : Phan hoa t h a n h nhiJng giai cap c6 dia v i k i n h te xa ho i khac nhau, chia t h a n h ha i phe doi lap :

+ Quy toe phong kien phan dong. + Quy toe mdri, t i f san, nong dan va cAc tang Idp lao dong t h ^ n h t h i . + Cuoi nam 1640 vua Sae-lo I t r i eu tap Quoc hoi de d i n h thue nhtfng

Quoc hoi khong ehuan y. Vua dan ap Quoc hoi .

- D ien bien : (xem cau 4 1 , muc a, b).

- T i n h chat : La cuoc each mang ttr san chtfa t r i e t de.

H a n che : Mang t i n h chat bao t h i i , khong giai quyet van de ruong dat cho nong dan, khong duy t r i nen cong hoa ma th iet lap che do quan ehii lap hien.

- Y nghia :

L a t do che do phong k i e n , md dudng cho chii nghia tiT ban phat t r i e n .

M d ra mot thcfi dai m d i t rong l ich siV the gidi : T h d i Can dai .

b) L$p bang so sanh Cach mang ti/san va Cach mang v6 san :

NQi dung Cach mgng tUs^n Cach mgng vd s i n

- Do'i ti^ong Danh do phong k i e n D^nh d6' giai cap ti f san

- Dong life Tif san vk nong dan Cong nhan , nong dan

— L a n h dao Giai cap tuf san Giai cap v6 san

- Muc dich Tao dieu k i e n cho k i n h te tu' ban chii nghia phat t r i e n

Th ie t lap nen chuyen chinh v6 san

- Hirdrng phat t r i e n

T h a n h lap nen chuyen chinh t i f san, xay dUng chii nghia t u ban

Xay difng chu nghia xa hoi

(De tiv de nghi cua Taidng THPT Le Quy Don)

58 Chuang VI. N H C / N G C U Q C C A C H M A N G T L / S A N .

Cau 43 Hay phdn tich nhQng dgc diem cua cuOc Cach mgng ta san Anh the kl XVII.

DAP AN

Cuoc each mang tu san Anh la mpt sU kien quan trong trong lieh suf the gidi. Bkng lufc iMng cua quan chung, no da dap tan nen quin chii phong kien, thiet lap ehe dp tu ban ehu nghia, mdr duorng cho suTc san xuat mdi phdt trien. Trong euoe dau tranh quyet liet vdi the life phong kien phan dgng, giai cap tu san da gianh duoc th^ng Idi.

a) Dac diem thu" nhat: Cuoc cdch mang ti^ san Anh difOc tien hanh dudi sir lanh dao euia mot

lien minh giai cap giufa tU san va quy toe mdi. DSc diem nay nay sinh tren ccf sd ciia sU lien he ve mat kinh te. Hai giai cap tuy nguon gd'e khac nhau, nhung lai cung c6 loi ieh tren eon dudng kinh doanh tU ban chu nghia, do do CO cung ke thu chung la che do phong kien. Crom-oen, ngifdi c6 vai tro Idn lao trong nhufng ngay dau c^ch mang, the hien ro net d&c tritag ciia sU lien minh do. Tuy nhien, dac diem nay khong phii nhan vai tro vi dai cua quan chung nhan dan bao gom nong dan, tho thii cong, binh dan thanh th i . Ho la ngudi lanh trach nhiem Idn lao dua cuoc each mang den thSng Igi. Neu khong CO sU ling ho manh me ciia Ian song ngudi vi dai ay th i nghi vi§n khong the thoat khdi nhiJfng corn hiem ngheo, khong the thiet lap duoc nen cong hoa va dua Sae-lcf I len doan dau dai. Viec xac lap quan he tU ban chii nghia d nUdc Anh la ket qua cua hang chuc nam trdi dau tranh each mang cua quan chung nhan dan. Trong qua tr inh do, quan chung nhan dan Anh bao gid cung la ngifdi kien quyet nhat.

b) Dac diem thdr hai: Dac diem thd hai cua Cach mang i\l san Anh la t inh chat bao thu khong

tri^t de ciia no. Van de dat ra trUdc euoe each mang t\J san la van de ruong dat, van de giai phong nong dan khoi gong cum cua che do phong kien. Nhimg giai cap tu san Anh sau khi gianh ehinh quyen thi doat luon ea ruong dat, nen sd hdu phong kien ve ruong dat ehuyen sang nen dai sd hCu tU san ma khong ve tay nong dfin. Ve chinh quyen, giai cap tU san cung khong dam duy t r i nen cong hoa, ma phai lien minh vdi cac th§' life phong kien, thiet lap nha nufdc quan ehu Mp hien.

c) Dac diSm tbijr ba : Cuoc Cach mang tu san Anh dien ra dudi hinh thufc ton giao. Nhin be

ngoai, ban dau la CUQC da'u tranh giufa Thanh gido va Anh gido, roi den giufa

, 59

cac phe phai trong Thanh giao. Cuoc xam luoe Ai-len va Xcot-len cung mang mau s^c do. Nhutig thuc chat ciia van de ton gido van la van de giai cap. Trong dieu kien lieh suT lue do, tu tudng each mang da di vao quan chung dirdi bo ao ton gido. Vi no la mdn an t inh than dSc biet doi vdi quan chung nhan dan sau mot thdi k i trung co dai d&ng dac. Dang sau bo ao do van la cuoc dau tranh kich liet giufa tuf san va phong kien, tien bo va lac hSu, each mang va phan each mang.

(De thi de nghi cua TrUdng THPT Chu Van An)

Cau 44 DQC dogn viet sou day va chl ra nhQng chl tiet khong dung : "Si^ ph<jit trien cua chu nghTa ta ban d Anh. NhJng tien de cua Cach mgng " : 1. The kl XVII, Anh c6 nen kinh te phat trien nhdt chau Au. 2. Quan h^ san xudt ta ban chu nghia phat trien mgnh, nhdt la mien Tay Bdc. 3. Cong tradng thu cong chiem au the trong cong nghi^p. 4. Ngogi thaong phat then (ke ca buon ban no l§ da den va cadp bien). 5. Dgc diem ndi bgt cua kinh te Anh Id nong nghi^p Igc hdu. 6. Sdc-ld I cai tri dgc dodn. 7. Xd hgi Anh phdn hod thdnh hai phe ddi Igp : Quy tgc phong kien phdn

dgng - quy tgc mdi, ta sdn, nong ddn, binh dan thdnh thj.

DAPAN Chi tiet khong dung la :

2. Quan he san xuat tU ban chii nghia phat trien manh, nhat la mien Tay Bac.

5. Dac diem noi bat ciia kinh te Anh la nong nghi^p lac hau.

(De thi de nghi cua TrUdng THPT Nguyen ThUOng IHien)

Cau 45 ^ Phdn tich nhang mdu thudn eg ban ddn den cugc chien tranh gidnh dOc Igp

.1̂ cua 13 thugc djo Anh d Bdc Ml

DAPAN

Nhufng mau thuan ccf ban :

Cuoc khai khan (vifa di cuf viCa cifdp da't dai) eua thuc dan Anh phat trien manh me vao dau the k i XVI I . Nam 1607, ngUdi Anh chinh thUc dat chan len vung da't Viec-gi-ni-a. Nhufng CUQC di thUc cua Anh do'i vdi Bic M i

60 Chaang VI. N H D N G C U Q C C A C H M A N G T U S A N .

trd n e n m a n h m e vao n h i J n g n a m 20 t h e k i X V I I I , k h i c h i n h sach tudc d o a t r u o n g d a t d A n h cua g i a i cap tU s a n quy toe l e n tdi d i n h d i e m . D e n n S m 1752 , A n h da t h a n h l a p difdc 13 v u n g thuoc d i a .

a) SI/phat trien chii nghia tU ban d thuoc dia.

- N o n g n g h i e p BSc M i v a x u h i i d n g p h a t t r i e n t t f b a n c h i i n g h I a :

+ V a o t h e k i X V I I - t h e k i X V I I I , nUdc A n h coi B&c M i c h i l a v u n g n o n g n g h i e p p h u thuoc c h i n h quo'c.

+ Bac M l l a nai cung cap cac l o a i n g u y e n l i e u v a lifcfng thUc cho ni/dc A n h .

+ V i e c c a n h tac n o n g n g h i e p m a n g tinh c h a t c h u y e n m o n h o d cao, c h i i y e u d i i a vao sir boc l o t siJc lao d o n g c i ia no le v a d a n n g h e o l ^ m t h u e .

+ Quy tpc t U san A n h sang B&c M i m u o n duy t r i nhCirng t a n du che do p h o n g k i e n d d a t m d i de trcf t h a n h d a i d i a chu. Che do d o n d i e n da l ^ m cho k i n h te n o n g n g h i e p M i m a n g dSc t r o n g r i e n g (dSc b i e t l a cac b a n g m i e n N a m ) .

+ V i e c t a p t r u n g r u p n g d a t t r o n g t a y quy toe v a l o i hoc l o t p h o n g k i e n c u n g vdri sU boc l o t k i e u n o n g n o , no le da l a m cho m a u t h u a n t r o n g n o n g t h o n Bac M I t r d n e n gay gat.

- Sir p h a t t r i e n c i ia k i n h t e c o n g thiTcfng n g h i e p :

+ Cac n g a n h c o n g n g h i e p cua B^c M i p h a t t r i e n n h S m d a p ijfng n h O n g n h u cau n g a y c a n g t a n g cua t h i trifcJng n o i d i a v a c h i n h quoc.

+ N g a n h d o n g t h u y e n p h a t t r i e n dac b i e t t h u a n I d i . C5 d a y c6 n h i e u go, n g o a i p h a n k h a i t h a c chor ve c h i n h quoc de p h u c vu cho cong n g h i e p , cac n g a n h h a n g h a i , v a n c h u y e n d t f d n g s o n g c u n g p h a t t r i e n .

+ NhCrng n g a n h c o n g n g h i e p n&ng k h a c n h U k h a i m o , l u y e n sat, t h e p deu tang t i e n .

+ N g a n h t h u o n g n g h i e p d 13 thuoc d i a c u n g vofi cong n g h i ? p , n o n g n g h i e p s a n x u a t h a n g hoa da p h a t t r i e n . Dac b i e t th i fOng n g h i e p p h a t t r i e n of N i u I n g - l a n . N g a n h b u o n b a n da l o n g t h i i , d a n h ca, k h a i thac go, thuoc l a , l i i a m i , c h a m deu c h i e m v i t r i q u a n t r o n g . G i a t r i x u a t khaiu k h o n g ngi^ng tang.

+ T h u o c d i a con b u o n b a n t r i f c t i e p v d i cdc n\i6d T a y B a n N h a , P h a p , H a L a n , T a y A n .

N h i f n g c o n g t h i i o n g nghiep t h u p c d i a p h a t t r i e n c u n g k h o n g t r a n h k h o i m a u t h u a n v d i c h i n h quoc. C h i n h p h i i A n h c h i m u o n cdc t h u ^ c d i a Ik t h i t r U d n g t i e u t h u h a n g h o a v a l a v i i n g c u n g cap n g u y g n l i e u , t h i f c p h a m cho c h i n h quoc. D o do , ho t i m m o i each n g a n c h a n s i i phdt t r i e n c 6 n g thLfcrng nghiep Bac M i . K h u y n h hiTdng t h u o c d i a n j u o n t a c h k h o i s iJ r a n g buoc p h i l i vdi n e n k i n h t e A n h n g a y c a n g r 5 r§t .

6 1

b) Mau thuin tri/c tiep : Chinh sach thong tri ciia Anh :

- 13 t h u o c d i a k h o n g c6 l u a t p h a p r i e n g m a p h a i t u a n t h e o lu&t phap Anh. D a i d i e n cua n h a vua n^m q u y e n c h i b u y q u a n d o i , h a i q u a n , c h o n n h a n v i e n h a n h c h i n h .

- Anh b a n h a n h h a n g l o a t cac sac l e n h c a m thuoc d i a l a p n h a m a y l u y e n k i m , c a m xua't c a n g m a y moc vao thuoc d i a , c a m m d m a n g cac x i n g h i e p d e t , c a m trUc t i e p b u o n ban v d i cac nUdc khac . . . .

- D a o l u a t ve r u o n g da't n a m 1763 n g a n c a m d a n d i th i f c di ve p h i a T a y d e n v L i n g c h a u t h d s o n g M i t - x i - x i - p i .

- V a o n a m 1764 , cdc sMc l u a t ve t h u e m d i danh vao hang n h a p c a n g , ve v iec c h a n b a t b u o n l a u , ve t h u e d u d n g n h a p k h a u , va v iec c a m t h u o c d i a p h a t hanh t i e n te da l a m cho m a u t h u i n giiJa c h i n h quo'c v a thuQc d i a n g a y t h e m gay g a t .

- N h a n d a n Bac M i c a n g ba't b i n h b a n k h i c h i n h p h i i Anh d a t r a t h u e t e m d a n h vao cac k i p n h a n g n h a p cang . T h u e t e m d u n g c h a m d e n m o i b o a t d o n g k i n h d o a n h v a n g a y ca d o i v d i cac l o a i v a n hoa p h a m .

- Nam 1767, Anh l a i b a n h a n h t h u e che ( t r a ) v a cac thuf t h u e k h a c .

K e t l u a n : Sir c h o n g d o i c h i n h quoc de phat t r i e n l a d i e u tiT n h i e n . M a u t h u I n n g a y c a n g sau sac giOfa thuoc d i a v a c h i n h quoc, giOa d o i h o i p h a t t r i e n c i ia Bac M i v a sir n g a n c a n p h i l i c i ia c h i n h q u y e n Anh nha 't d i n h se d a n t d i cuoc da'u t r a n h q u y e t l i e t .

(De thi de nghi cua Trudng THPT NSng khieu Dai hoc Quoc gia TP. HCM)

Cau 46 C h i e n t ranh g i a n h d p c Igp c u a 13 thuOc d ja A n h d Bac MTthe kl XVI I I :

a ) N g u y e n n h o n , d i § n b i e n .

b ) N g u y e n n h d n t h d n g lol.

c ) Ket q u a , tinh chd't , y nghfci.

DAP AN

C h i e n t r a n h g i a n h doc l a p c i ia 13 t h u o c d i a A n h d Bac M l :

a) NguySn nhan va diin bien cuoc chien tranh :

N g u y e n n h a n :

- Sir p h a t t r i e n c i ia c h i i n g h i a tir b a n d 13 t h u g c d i a :

+ Sir t h a n h l a p 13 thuQc d i a :