CAREERS IN

CIVIL ENGINEERING

In sti tute Re search Num ber 2 ISBN 1-58511-002-7

DOT Num ber 005.061-014 O*Net SOC Code 17-2051.00

CAREERS IN

CIVIL ENGINEERINGFROM THE MO MENT YOU OPEN YOUR EYES IN THE MORN ING THROUGH TO THE

last glimpse of light be fore you sleep, en gi neer ing mar vels are part ofyour world. The lights you turn on; the ra dio and tele vi sion you play;the run ning wa ter in your bath room and kitchen; the re frig er a tor,freezer, stove, mi cro wave and other ap pli ances you use; the streetsyou walk on and the high ways and bridges you drive over; thestruc tures you work in and live in; the cars, trucks, buses, trains,planes, boats you ride in, as well as the fuel and elec tric ity that pro pels them; the com put ers, CD and DVD play ers you use; the cell phonesand iPods you can not live with out – all started with an en gi neer ingidea.

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In the book En gi neering - An End less Fron tier, au thor Sunny Y.Auyang, a phys i cist who is ex plor ing sci ence and tech nol ogy writes,“Nat u ral sci en tists dis cover what was not known. En gi neers cre atewhat did not ex ist. Both boldly go where no one has gone be fore.Each orig i nal and cre ative in its own way. Through in ten sive re searchef forts in the past 50 years, en gi neers have de vel oped en gi neer ingsci ences, bod ies of co her ent knowl edge that are com pa ra ble to thenat u ral sci ences in their length of vi sion, breadth of scope, depth ofanal y sis, level of cre ativ ity, rigor of re search, and cri te ria ofac cep tance.”

En gi neering is the ap pli ca tion of sci en tific and tech ni calknowl edge to ad dress prob lems, make tasks eas ier, cre ate newpro cesses, de sign new prod ucts and much more. From waste dis posalmeth ods that are en vi ron men tally sound, to de sign ing a flash light, tostron ger and more flex i ble plas tic, en gi neer ing is spe cial ized sci en tificknowl edge. It is high-tech and based on log i cal, sys temic prob lemsolv ing. En gi neering has choices within its dif fer ent spe cial ties such asag ri cul tural en gi neer ing, bio med i cal en gi neer ing, chem i calen gi neer ing, me chan i cal en gi neer ing, nu clear en gi neer ing andpe tro leum en gi neer ing to name a few.

Civil en gi neer ing, one of the larg est branches of the pro fes sionwill be the sub ject of this Ca reers Re port, the first of a two-part se ries.This re port will cover all the ba sics, to be fol lowed by Civil En gi neering: The Tech ni cal Spe cialties that will fo cus on geotechnical en gi neer ing,struc tural en gi neer ing, con struc tion en gi neer ing, trans por ta tionen gi neer ing and more.

De fining civil en gi neer ing is like a his tory les son in time. Fromear li est re corded time peo ple have man aged the build ing of im pos ingstruc tures with out the tools and equip ment we have come to knowand ap pre ci ate in mod ern times. How did they ever do that with outthe tools and equip ment? This ques tion has been a puz zler downthrough the cen tu ries, and all we re ally know is that those that whore corded the pro cess in draw ings and sym bols left enough in for ma tion to en cour age ar ti sans and crafts men and sci en tists through out his toryto con tinue and ad vance the knowl edge base to the pro fes sion wenow know to day as civil en gi neer ing. It has truly been 50 cen tu ries inthe mak ing.

When the Amer i can So ci ety of Civil En gi neering was founded in1852, “Fa cil ities for com mu ni ca tion and trans port were sorely neededto in te grate these re gional el e ments into a na tional struc ture for trade

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and com merce. For tu nately, these ser vices were to be forth com ingthrough many bold and imag i na tive en ter prises in which en gi neersplayed an im por tant role.” (From The Amer i can Civil En gi neer,1852-1974, by Wil liam H. Wisely)

Civil en gi neer ing is also more than just cre at ing, de sign ing,con struct ing, main tain ing and man ag ing pro jects and pro cesses, it isalso the mesh ing of the en vi ron ment – air, earth and wa ter – with built struc tures, and how the par tic u lar en gi neer ing task blends in andcom ple ments the world around us. Civil en gi neers un der stand aboutpres er va tion and pro tec tion and res to ra tion.

Civil en gi neers are the back bone of the en gi neer ing pro fes sion asthey de sign and su per vise the con struc tion of roads, bridges, tun nels,dams, build ings, air ports, wa ter sup ply and sew age sys tems.Ac cord ing to the Amer i can So ci ety of Civil En gi neers (ASCE), “Asidefrom tra di tional en gi neer ing firms, civil en gi neers may work withutil ity com pa nies, tele com mu ni ca tions busi nesses, con sult ing firms, oreven toy and ath letic equip ment man u fac tur ers. A civil en gi neer ingde gree can lead you to a ca reer in in dus try, gov ern ment, com put ers,law, or med i cine.”

IMPORTANT CAREER FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

THIS IS AN IM POR TANT CA REER FOR TWO VERY SPE CIFIC REA SONS: THE PAST. THE

Fu ture.

We are an ag ing so ci ety not only in our pop u la tion, but also in our in fra struc ture. Many of our roads, build ings and bridges werecon structed dur ing the Great De pres sion years of the 1930s, and stilloth ers have been in use since be fore the turn of the last cen tury. TheIn dus trial Rev o lu tion that swept Eu rope in the 1800s and came toAmer ica half way through the 19th cen tury was the cat a lyst for abuild ing boom that some say has not ever stopped. One of the mostfa mous bridges in the coun try is the Brook lyn Bridge in New York,con nect ing Manhattan and Brook lyn. It was built be tween 1867 and1884. And there are many ex am ples of roads and struc tures more than a hun dred years old that now are in need of re pair or re place ment.

As our coun try con tin ues a growth in pop u la tion there is greatcon cern about our nat u ral re sources, such as wa ter, and how wead dress the de mands of peo ple ver sus con ser va tion to ac com mo datefu ture gen er a tions. The Col o rado River, one of the lon gest rivers in the

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world, and the Col o rado River Aq ue duct that in 1955 was des ig natedone of the “Seven Mod ern Civil En gi neering Won ders of the UnitedStates,” are once again un der civil en gi neer ing re view. This ac tion inun der way in or der to de ter mine what new en gi neer ing course topur sue so as to serve an ever-grow ing pop u la tion in the West and stillpre serve the en vi ron ment and nat u ral re sources.

Roads span the past and the fu ture as ve hi cle traf fic seems toin crease ten-fold ev ery gen er a tion. We are a na tion on wheels and wewant our city streets, coun try lanes and In ter state high ways to be safeand sound. Whether we are off to work or on a cross-coun try trek, the roads are clogged and be com ing worn at an in creas ing and some times alarm ing rate. Af ter healthcare, road and bridge con struc tion andmain te nance is a high-pri or ity and high- priced bud get item forgov ern ments across the coun try.

The mul ti tude of build ings that are old and will need work, alongwith the many new build ings that will rise over this cen tury will at testto the cre ativ ity and in no va tion of the civil en gi neers who must studythe past in or der to serve the fu ture. The world has changed sinceSep tem ber 11, 2001 (the World Trade Cen ter in 1971 was se lected asan “Out stand ing Civil En gi neering Achieve ment”) and the en tireen gi neer ing pro fes sion is work ing with other spe cial ists andtech nol o gists tak ing a new look at how we con struct build ings andwhat can be done to make them as safe as pos si ble.

Pres er va tion so ci et ies across the coun try are rush ing to citeex am ples of en gi neer ing feats among the old est struc tures in ex is tence and save them from de mo li tion, but many will need a good deal ofres to ra tion. It will be a shame to lose some of the best ar chi tec turethis coun try has even known to the wreck ing ball. It is a his tory thatonce de stroyed we can never re claim.

In March of 2005, the Amer i can So ci ety of Civil En gi neers re ported that our na tion’s in fra struc ture is “crum bling” and gave us a grade ofD. Many chal lenges needed in the fu ture were cited in 12 cat e go riesin clud ing schools, air ports, road ways, bridges, rail roads, drink ingwa ter sys tems, pub lic fa cil i ties like parks, and the power grid.

Per haps you, the next gen er a tion of civil en gi neers, will be able tomake a sig nif i cant con tri bu tion to ur ban and sub ur ban build ings,bridges and roads as you pre serve the past while push ing the cre ativeen ve lope for an ex cit ing, ground- break ing fu ture that is un imag in ableto day.

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CIVIL ENGINEERING REVEALED

CIVIL EN GI NEER ING IS ONE OF THE OLD EST SPE CIAL TIES IN THE FIELD OF

en gi neer ing, dat ing back to the late 1700s and be com ing apro fes sional force to reckon with in the early 1800s lead ing up to thefound ing of the Amer i can So ci ety of Civil En gi neers in 1852. Civilen gi neer ing has grown up with Amer ica. From the first or ga nizedcon struc tion of a road in 1806 in the North west Ter ri tory to the de sign of NASA’s space shut tle, civil en gi neers have been in volved,con trib ut ing their ex per tise and in no va tion in mov ing Amer ica for ward through out our his tory.

Civil en gi neers plan, de sign and over see the con struc tion andmain te nance of build ing struc tures and fa cil i ties such as roads,bridges, rail roads, air ports, har bors, chan nels, dams, power plants,ir ri ga tion pro jects, pipe lines, wa ter and sew age sys tems, and wastedis posal pro jects. These pro fes sion als are the cru cial link be tween thegoals of a pro ject and its re al ity. The many com po nents to typ i cal civilen gi neer ing pro ject in clude:

Gathering and analyzing topographical and geologic data suchas survey reports, maps, drawings, blueprints, and aerialphotos.

Testing soils and materials to determine whether the strengthand adequacy of the foundation, concrete, asphalt or steel areright for the project.

Conducting studies of traffic patterns and environmentalconditions to help identify any engineering problems whileassessing the potential impact of the proposed project.

Determining project feasibility by estimating quantities andcost of the materials, equipment and labor needed for theproject completion.

Preparing and presenting all the public reports such as bidproposals, deeds. environmental impact studies, and propertyand right-of-way descriptions.

Directing or participating in the surveying to lay outinstallations and establish reference points, grades andelevations that will help guide construction.

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Inspecting project sites to monitor progress and ensure thatdesign specifications, and safety and sanitation standards arein conformity. Also, directing construction, operations andmaintenance activities at the project site.

Providing technical advice to industrial and managerialpersonnel regarding the project in such areas as the design,modifications, structural repairs, and construction methods.

Civil en gi neers are savvy in the sci ence of en gi neer ing andtech nol ogy, math e mat ics, de sign, build ing, con struc tion,trans por ta tion, pub lic safety, se cu rity, ad min is tra tion, man age ment,com mu ni ca tions, and sat is fy ing the cli ent and con sumer with per sonal ser vices.

It is es ti mated that more than 50 per cent of the city plan ners inthe US are civil en gi neers.

A LOOK BACK

“EN GI NEERING WAS NOT SPO KEN INTO EX IS TENCE BY ROYAL DE CREE OR CRE ATED

by leg is la tive fiat. It has evolved and de vel oped as a prac ti cal art and a pro fes sion over more than 50 cen tu ries of re corded his tory. In a broadsense, its roots can be traced to the dawn of civ i li za tion it self, and itsprog ress par al lels the prog ress of man kind.” From the In tro duc tion toEn gi neering, by Paul H. Wright.

In scribed clay tab lets dis cov ered on ar che o log i cal digs andeven tu ally de ci phered show that the an cient civ i li za tion ofMes o po ta mia had the first re corded sys tem of ca nals, tem ples and city walls. Also known is that the early Egyp tians, about 3300 BC, had alarge pop u la tion liv ing along the fer tile val ley of the Nile, and theyde vel oped and main tained an ex ten sive sys tem of dykes and ca nalsand a drain age sys tem. Other pop u la tions in the val leys of the Tigrisand Eu phra tes de vel oped large ir ri ga tion and flood con trol sys tems.

The first pyr a mid was built in 2980 BC and evolved from a tombthat had been too easy for grave rob bers to ac cess from the top.Placing one level on top of an other made it im pos si ble to do that, buthis tory tells us that many pyr a mids were des e crated. Three pyr a midsstill stand at Giza re mind ing the world that the an cient Egyp tians hadout stand ing en gi neer ing skills. A Greek his to rian who vis ited Egypt inthe fifth cen tury, BC, re corded that the Great Pyr a mid was built by100,000 men over 20 years and that they worked in three-monthre lays.

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By about 600 BC, the Greeks added architecton to their ad vancesin art, lit er a ture and phi los o phy, as they be came the first great mas terhar bor build ers. They also built the first light house in the world about300 BC. This 370-foot-high struc ture was one of the Seven Won ders of the An cient World. The ruler Per i cles, who sig ni fied the Golden Age ofGreece, helped make Ath ens the most beau ti ful place on earth byhir ing art ists and build ing ex perts to con struct tem ples and shrines,and stat ues on the Acrop o lis.

The Romans, start ing about 535 BC, were the most pro lificen gi neers of an tiq uity de vot ing more of their la bor and re sources topub lic works than their pre de ces sors. Romans had slaves so la bor wascheap, and raw ma te ri als were in abun dance, so they built are nas,pub lic fo rums, tem ples, town halls, roads, aq ue ducts and baths. Thebuild ings were prac ti cal and at the same time bold in ex e cu tion andim pres sive in scale. Un like the Greeks who were heavily intomath e mat i cal logic and sci ence, the Romans re lied on ex pe ri ence andem pha sized func tion.

The fall of the Ro man Em pire ush ered in the Mid dle Ages whichlasted about eight cen tu ries and did not pro duce any sig nif i canten gi neer ing feats with one ex cep tion – the Gothic ca the drals. Thesetow er ing, el e gant struc tures with their stained glass win dows, pointed cen tral arches and high thin walls point to a high level of struc turalcom pe tence from those who de signed them and those who builtthem. Also dur ing this pe riod, the wind mill was de vel oped and wa termills were im proved and used in more ways. There was a push to getmore pro duc tion out of hu mans and an i mals.

Starting about 1300 AD, sci en tific ad vances were be ing made intrans por ta tion and com mu ni ca tion. Ital ian ar chi tect-en gi neersin vented the ca nal lock mak ing it pos si ble for coun tries through outEu rope to build a net work of ca nals for in land wa ter travel. Ad vancesin nav i ga tion de vices and ship build ing de signs made ocean trans port a re al ity. About 1450, Johann Gutenberg in vented the mov able typemole and printed the first book. By 1500, books were be ing pub lishedon such sci en tific and en gi neer ing sub jects as sur vey ing, min ing,met al lurgy, chem is try and hy drau lics.

Some of the great est con tri bu tions to sci en tific knowl edge thatare still felt to day came in the 15th through 17th cen tu ries, with suchlu mi nar ies as: Le o nardo da Vinci (1452- 1519), Ital ian art ist, ar chi tect,ex per i men tal sci en tist, con cep tual de signer; Nicolaus Co per ni cus(1473-1543), Pol ish as tron o mer and founder of mod ern as tron omy;

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Ga li leo Gallelei (1564-1642), Ital ian as tron o mer and phys i cist whofor mu lated the sci en tific method of gain ing knowl edge and was thefirst to use the tele scope to study as tron omy; Rob ert Boyle(1627-1691), Irish chem ist and phys i cist who stud ied the com pres sionand ex pan sion of air and other gases and dis cov ered that the vol umeof gas at a con stant tem per a ture var ies in versely with its pres sure(Boyle’s Law); Rob ert Hooke (1635-1703), Eng lish ex per i men talsci en tist who for mu lated a the ory of elas tic ity known as Hooke’s Law ; Sir Isaac New ton (1642-1727), Eng lish sci en tist and math e ma ti cianwho in vented cal cu lus, dis cov ered the se crets of light and color, andfor mu lated the law of grav ity; Thomas Newcomen (1663- 1729),Eng lish in ven tor who built the first prac ti cal steam en gine thatpumped wa ter from Brit ish mines.

The Industrial Revolution Coke, a lighter more po rous form ofcoal was de vel oped for steam-driven mine pumps and for the driv ingof ma chin ery in the iron works fac to ries and for new blow ing ma chines to aid in the smelt ing pro cess. In 1807 in Amer ica, Rob ert Fultonpi o neered the first com mer cially suc cess ful river pad dle steam ship,and by 1825, Eng lish man George Stephenson dem on strated thefea si bil ity of a steam-pow ered rail road lo co mo tive.

In Amer ica dur ing the 1800s, ca nal con struc tion took on a life ofits own with such block bust ers as: The Erie Ca nal, built from1817-1825, 364 miles long and con nect ing Erie, Penn syl va nia andBuf falo, New York; The Ohio Ca nal, built from 1828-1836 andex tend ing through the state from Cleve land to Portsmouth on theOhio River; The Ches a peake and Ohio Ca nal, built from 1828-1850 and ex tend ing from Wash ing ton, DC to Cum ber land, Mary land.

Also dur ing this pe riod, there were ad vances in the tech nol ogy ofbuild ing roads and, of course, one of the great est en gi neer ingachieve ments of all time – the har ness ing of elec tric en ergy. This newsource of power made pos si ble the many sci en tific and en gi neer ingachieve ments of the 1800s. Dur ing the first half of the 19th cen tury,Amer ica had a na tional pop u la tion of about 10 mil lion with al most 90per cent of the peo ple liv ing in ru ral ar eas and set tle ments of less than2,500. The rail road brought new ur gency to bridge build ing and thefirst metal truss bridge that was cast in wrought iron was de signedand built by the Read ing Rail road in 1845. By 1856, the Bes se mercon verter was in tro duced and this ush ered in the Steel Age.

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In Amer ica, civil en gi neer ing was a sig nif i cant in flu ence in thebuild ing of our coun try. The need for new tech nol ogy was as alive here as it was in Eu rope and there was a push on to cre ate pro fes sionalor ga ni za tions that would set stan dards and en cour age the ex changeof in for ma tion. While it was 28 years in the mak ing, the Amer i canSo ci ety of Civil En gi neering was for mally or ga nized in 1852 as the firstna tional pro fes sional en gi neer ing or ga ni za tion.

By the end of the 19th cen tury, elec tric power in Amer ica wasbe com ing an es sen tial part of daily life, with the de vel op ment of thetele graph, tele phone, and light bulb. Elec tric light ing for homes andin dus tries was grow ing. Elec tric ity was run ning trains and street carsand the ma chin ery in our fac to ries. A half mil lion tele phones were inuse.

The 20th cen tury ush ered in more out stand ing in no va tions withthe de vel op ment of mo tor ve hi cles and the Wright broth ers 12-sec ond flight. Both of these sci ence and en gi neer ing de vel op ments even tu allyled to mod ern mass pro duc tion. By the end of the cen tury, about nineout of ev ery 10 house holds in the coun try had least one car to driveover 3.8 mil lion miles of high ways that in cluded a 45,500-mileIn ter state High way Sys tem. Dur ing this same time we built more than3,000 air ports for com mer cial planes and an other 2,200 gen eralavi a tion air ports to serve the smaller, pri vate air planes. We were on acivil en gi neer ing roll and the pub lic took to each new feat.

Ad di tional civil en gi neer ing feats in the treat ment of wa ter andsew age helped elim i nate dis eases such as ty phoid fe ver that claimedmore than 10,000 lives in 1906 and was re duced to a hand ful twode cades later. Other re mark able feats in cluded the build ing of thePan ama Ca nal which opened in 1914; the Em pire State Build ing in1931 at a height of 1250 feet; the Hoo ver Dam com pleted in 1936,the Sears Tower in 1974 and on and on.

Now in the 21st cen tury we can com mu ni cate any where andev ery where in a nano sec ond and fly around the world us ing thetech nol o gies de vel oped step by step over the past cen tu ries. We maynever re ally find out how an cient civ i li za tions ac com plished their feats, but we do know that their dar ing has led us to our bold achieve ments.

New fron tiers are still to be dis cov ered andcon quered and civil en gi neer ing feats will con tinue tomake his tory.

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WHAT CIVIL ENGINEERS DO

THE RE SULTS OF CIVIL EN GI NEER ING PART OF EV ERY ONE’S LIFE. IN THE BUILD INGS

where you work and live and the power grids that de liver their en ergy; on the roads and bridges and tun nels you walk or drive over andthrough; in the air ports you use for busi ness and plea sure; in the dams and wa ter sup ply and sew age sys tems that keep you safe from toxicma te ri als and in dus trial waste and more. Civil en gi neers usu ally worknear ma jor in dus trial ar eas and com mer cial cen ters, and can of ten befound at con struc tion sites. They also work on pro jects around theworld, some in re mote ar eas.

Civil en gi neers de sign and su per vise the con struc tion of just about ev ery thing from toys to build ings. To give you a sam pling of the greatva ri ety of their work, here are de scrip tions of ac tual po si tions for civilen gi neers:

Se nior pro ject de signer for a land de vel op ment and con struc tionman age ment firm to lead de sign team through all phases of landde vel op ment en gi neer ing ac tiv i ties such as storm wa ter, san i tarysewer, wa ter sys tems and road de sign. A lead er ship po si tion re quir ingsu pe rior en gi neer ing de sign, a wide range of field ex pe ri ence andex cel lent com mu ni ca tion skills.

Man age ment an a lyst with the fed eral gov ern ment to pro videtech ni cal, an a lyt i cal, and man age ment sup port for de fense pro jects.Duties in clude re view ing and com ment ing on pro gram stud ies,draft ing of po si tion pa pers, re view ing pro cure ment sched ules,an a lyz ing pro grams for en hance ment, pre par ing elec tronic brief ings,and re view ing fund ing pro files. Can di date must have se cu rityclear ance.

Pro ject man ager/site con struc tion for a fran chise or ga ni za tionwith the abil ity to over see all as pects of con struc tion from main tain ing the sched ule and keep ing on bud get, to re view ing con tracts andper mits and work ing with ar chi tects and other en gi neers. You willneed ex cel lent com mu ni ca tion, tech ni cal and com puter skills. Travel isre quired for site re views.

Civil pro ject man ager for a For tune 500 com pany with 30,000em ploy ees op er at ing in over 70 coun tries around the world andcur rently You will need knowl edge of ba sic and com plex civilen gi neer ing con cepts to work with other en gi neer ing and con struc tion pro fes sion als to man age and be ac count able for pro jects in res i den tial, in dus trial, com mer cial and mu nic i pal de vel op ment.

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Civil en gi neer for a lo cal en gi neer ing and ar chi tec tural firm thatde signs and man ages high way pro jects in the state with ex pe ri ence inand un der stand ing of high way de sign.

Con struc tion pro ject en gi neer/es ti ma tor for a com panyre spon si ble for the de vel op ment, re view and im ple men ta tion plansand sched ules for large cap i tal pro jects of $5 mil lion or more. De velopand re view cap i tal re pair cost es ti mates. Train en gi neers and man ag ers on best use of cost es ti mat ing tools and tech niques.

Civil en gi neer for an en gi neer ing firm that does busi ness with thefed eral gov ern ment and must per form spe cific pro ject de sign andde vel op ment tasks in clud ing draw ings, cal cu la tions, cost es ti matesand spec i fi ca tions. You will re spond to cli ents’ ques tions andcom ments, and re view and pro vide clar i fi ca tions dur ing con struc tion.Must be able to ob tain a se cu rity clear ance and have a thor oughun der stand ing and knowl edge of the ar chi tec tural and en gi neer ingin dus try.

Civil en gi neer for a com pany that con structs build ings must behighly pro fi cient in the anal y sis and de sign of con crete foun da tionsand steel frame struc tures. Strong in ter per sonal and com mu ni ca tionskills are re quired along with con nect ing with all en gi neer ing, de signand field con struc tion dis ci plines. Ex cel lent com puter skills a must.

Civil en gi neer for an avi a tion com pany to de sign and su per visecon struc tion pro jects on air ports and roads lead ing to air ports,es ti mat ing costs and per son nel and ma te rial needs.

Civil en gi neer for an in for ma tion tech nol ogy com pany to de signsys tems in clud ing elec tri cal, power com mu ni ca tions and sig nal fored u ca tional, healthcare and cor rec tional fa cil i ties. Prep a ra tion ofcon struc tion draw ings and spec i fi ca tions, cost es ti mates and fieldin ves ti ga tions. Must have good com mu ni ca tion skills, dem on stratedman a ge rial skills, abil ity to lead a de sign team, and meet sched ulesand bud gets.

All civil en gi neers make de ci sions and solve prob lems; they pro vide doc u men ta tion, draw ings, spec i fi ca tions and de tailed in struc tions onde vices, parts, struc tures, and equip ment. They an a lyze data and other in for ma tion us ing com put ers and other tech nol ogy. They are cre ativethink ers and know how to or ga nize, plan and pri or i tize work. Theytran scribe, re cord, store and main tain in for ma tion. They have ex cel lent com mu ni ca tion skills with peers, su per vi sors and oth ers. Civilen gi neers are al ways in the fore front of tech nol ogy and lead ing us ersof high-tech prod ucts as they de sign and con struct.

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WHERE CIVIL ENGINEERS WORK

CIVIL EN GI NEERS HOLD ABOUT 250,000 JOBS NA TION WIDE. AL MOST HALF ARE

em ployed by firms pro vid ing ar chi tec tural, en gi neer ing, and re latedser vices, pri mar ily de vel op ing de signs for new con struc tion pro jects.Al most one-third of the jobs are in fed eral, state and lo cal gov ern ment agen cies. The rest work in the con struc tion in dus try.

About 15,000 civil en gi neers are self-em ployed, mostly ascon sul tants.

Civil en gi neers work in large ur ban and sub ur ban ar eas, smalltowns and along city and state roads and In ter state high ways in all 50States. They also work in most coun tries of the world and in some very re mote places in the un der de vel oped na tions, bring ing roads andother in fra struc ture to peo ple for the first time.

Civil en gi neers work for ar chi tec tural and en gi neer ing firms,na tional and in ter na tional cor po ra tions, con struc tion com pa nies,tele com mu ni ca tion busi nesses, util ity com pa nies, con sult ing firms and gov ern ment agen cies. They can also be em ployed by toyman u fac tur ers and health equip ment man u fac tur ers as de sign ers.

Be cause civil en gi neers are taught to make sound de ci sions andare good com mu ni ca tors, they make good busi nessex ec u tives. Many cor po rate ex ec u tives started out as acivil en gi neer. Civil en gi neers can also have ca reers inlaw, re search and med i cine, as well as in teach ing.

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CIVIL ENGINEERS TELL THEIR OWNSTORIES

I Am a Civil En gi neerDe sign Spe cial ist “De sign is one of the

most com plex, chal leng ing, in ter est ing and frus trat ing as pects ofthe en gi neer ing field and I would n’t have it any other way. Youknow, de sign has been with us since the be gin ning of time and itwas passed on through the cen tu ries from ar ti sans and crafts mento their ap pren tices. In en gi neer ing, de sign means a pos si blecre ative so lu tion to a prob lem whether old or new.

I work for a com pany that spe cial izes in de sign pro cesses andsys tems for air craft. I have been with the com pany al most 15years, and I am part of a team of spe cial ists that look at cer taintypes of air craft to de ter mine how they can func tion better and be safer. We iden tify the prob lem and then work to solve it. We canmake sim u lated mod els on the com puter and we can buildfull-scale mod els de pend ing upon the par tic u lar pro cess or sys temwe are work ing on.

Our di ver si fied team does a lot of brain storm ing as we tackleour work. It is im por tant to gen er ate as many ideas as pos si ble,some of which may be im prac ti cal, but all are re corded andeval u ated. We de velop a check list so that we can ex am ine all thevar i ous points and de sign pos si bil i ties such as the color, shape,ma te rial, le ver or push-but ton and if the de vice could have otheruses, be made smaller or larger and other ideas.

Once we have gath ered the nec es sary in for ma tion, then wede cide on an ap proach to solv ing our prob lem, and that is apre lim i nary de sign. This is the crux of my work as this next stepre quires my en gi neer ing ex pe ri ence and ex per tise. I mold andmod ify the de sign over and over again, dis card ing what does notwork and mak ing al ter na tive con fig u ra tions, di men sions and other spec i fi ca tions.

A so lu tion may be brought be fore the team and re jected forspe cific rea sons. Back to the ba sics and a new set of op tions to betested and eval u ated. This pro cess can be on go ing as feed backand eval u a tion can only bring about a better so lu tion. Thean swers can come in a rea son able amount of time or it can takemonths, even years to bring about a work able so lu tion.

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It is a pro cess that is filled with chal lenge and frus tra tion asyou re al ize that the right an swer is al most within your reach andjust needs a small piece to com plete and solve the puz zle.

I al ways wanted to be an en gi neer and build things. I have abach e lor’s and mas ter’s de gree in en gi neer ing and also mypro fes sional en gi neer’s li cense. My first civil en gi neer ing job waswith a con struc tion com pany and af ter al most four years re al izedthat I was more in ter ested in the de sign as pect of en gi neer ing. Ittook me al most a year to find this job and then con vince my bossthat I could be part of the team even though I had no prioravi a tion ex pe ri ence. It has worked out very well. Good pay. Goodben e fits. Really good job.”

I Am a Civil En gi neerCon struc tion Pro jectMan ager “I work for city gov ern ment in a

large met ro pol i tan area and my work in volves the con struc tion ofnew pub lic fa cil i ties and the streets sur round ing them and theroads lead ing up to them. It is work that in ter acts with manyother pro fes sion als and agen cies and my re spon si bil ity is mov ingthe pro ject for ward, on sched ule and on bud get. This means that I know and am com fort able with ev ery as pect of the pro ject andun der stand all the en gi neer ing and ar chi tec tural plans, draw ings,and doc u men ta tion.

I con sider my work multi-task ing be cause I al ways have somany things go ing on at once. My work starts af ter the site planhas been ap proved and all the or di nances and mu nic i palpro ce dures have been ad dressed. The pro ject is then fullydis cussed with all par ties in clud ing any other en gi neers, ar chi tectsand con struc tion pro fes sion als that have taken the pro ject fromidea to re al ity. I lead and work with a team of en gi neers andcon struc tion pro fes sion als who en sure that ev ery as pect of thecon struc tion is where it should be on any given day. Safety andwel fare are prime con cerns on the job not just for the work ers, but for the pub lic who will even tu ally use the struc ture.

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My work in volves an a lyz ing and eval u at ing all the in for ma tion that is gen er ated on a daily ba sis and mak ing sound judg ments inthe de ci sion pro cess. I must give my full at ten tion to the small estde tail so that no po ten tial prob lem is over looked. I can re view and sign doz ens of doc u ments ev ery day. I write many re ports, let tersand other doc u men ta tion with an as sur ance that my su pe ri orshave come to ex pect from me.

I have both a bach e lor’s and mas ter’s de gree in civilen gi neer ing. I have worked for the city since I grad u ated fromcol lege. I started out in de sign but did not like desk work as muchas be ing in the field, so I took a few ex tra courses in con struc tionman age ment and passed ad di tional test ing to qual ify. I workedwith a team for more than seven years be fore I was given a chance at man ag ing a city road pro ject. That was some years ago and Ihave been go ing strong ever since.

I am now con sid ered a se nior man ager and get to over seesome of the larg est pro jects in our area. I have a good work ingre la tion ship with the pro fes sional team that usu ally co mes withme on the jobs be cause we have worked to gether on manypro jects. This is the kind of field where you leave your ego at thedoor, roll up your sleeves and do what is ex pected

The work can be very sen si tive and I must main tain acon fi den ti al ity with re gard to any in for ma tion that is dis persed.There is also the abil ity to deal with a va ri ety of per son al i ties andes tab lish a good work ing re la tion ship with the site work ers, otherpro fes sion als and ven dors.

Even tually I will go back to a desk job in some kind ofex ec u tive po si tion and by then I will be ready to leave the out sideel e ments and come in side. My work has been so very re ward ing in so many ways. I al ways wanted to be an en gi neer and civilen gi neer ing gave me a range of spe cial ties to choose from.En gi neering can be com plex and frus trat ing, but the end re sultscan also be awe some.”

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I Am a CivilEn gi neering Con sul tant “I travel all

over the world and con sult with cor po ra tions and gov ern ments on pub lic pro jects in their area. I have been a civil en gi neer for al most 30 years and have worked on ev ery type of road and build ing youcan imag ine. I worked for a num ber of com pa nies in the Statesand did ev ery thing from de sign ing to man ag ing. It has been awon der ful ca reer and now I have earned the right to pick andchoose what I want to do.

About six years ago I es tab lished an en gi neer ing con sult ingfirm with two other en gi neers who are struc tural anden vi ron men tal en gi neers re spec tively. With my back ground inde sign and man age ment, we pretty much cover most civilen gi neer ing pro jects. Both part ners also have had long ca reers inthe field, and com bined we have made many good busi nesscon tacts that help open doors to us. We may work harder nowthan we ever did be fore, but only on the pro jects we want to.

My work now in volves meet ing with cli ents and look ing oversites and hear ing their pro posed plans. I may only con sult on thesite or the par tic u lar fa cil ity and the fea si bil ity of plac ing abuild ing or a road in that area. My job may take weeks, or it cantake months if I con tract to see the pro ject un der way. I can re visita pro ject sev eral times and with the magic of tele com mu ni ca tionscan be in touch on a daily ba sis wher ever I am.

I am the old est part ner and my kids are grown, out of col legeand on their own. I can take on a six-month or lon ger pro ject inAsia or else where and my wife will come with me as she loves totravel and we of ten do side trips. I al ways made a re ally goodliv ing, and con sult ing is the ic ing on the cake. It has be come thelife that I once dreamed of when I started out af ter get ting abach e lor’s de gree in en gi neer ing.

The work has changed since then. Com puters have made thebig gest dif fer ence, and I had to be come pro fi cient in the newtech nol ogy to be able to com pete. There are also the ad vances intele com mu ni ca tions and how we com mu ni cate any where in anin stant. There is new tech nol ogy and al ways some thing more tolearn. It is a chal lenge and one that I have met head-on for manyyears.

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I hope you will se ri ously con sider civil en gi neer ing as a ca reerop tion. If you are in ter ested in sci ence and math and com put ersand chal lenges, civil en gi neer ing is a good match.”

PERSONAL QUALIFICATIONS

THE WORK OF CIVIL EN GI NEERS IS VERY PRE CISE AND COM PLEX AS THEY PLAN,

de sign and man age the con struc tion and main te nance of pub lic andpri vate roads, bridges, build ings, air ports, har bors, dams and otherpro jects. What civil en gi neers need to be able to do their workef fec tively and ef fi ciently are in three cat e go ries: knowl edge, skills andabil i ties.

Knowledge

En gi neering is ap ply ing the prin ci ples, tech niques and pro ce duresto the de sign and con struc tion of the pro ject. It is the per fectap pli ca tion of en gi neer ing sci ence and tech nol ogy and re quires:

Knowledge of design principles, techniques and the toolsnecessary to create for blueprints, models, and drawings

Knowledge of mathematics and the applications of algebra,geometry, calculus, and statistics

Knowledge of the English language that includes the spellingand meaning of words, as well as the rules of grammar andcomposition

Knowledge of building and construction methods, materialsand tools necessary to any civil engineering project

Knowledge of administration and management principlesneeded for strategic planning, the allocation of resources aswell as coordinating people and resources, productionmethods, and leadership qualities

Knowledge of security and public safety such as policies,procedures and strategies needed to protect people, propertyand data

Knowledge of transportation principles and methods, costsand benefits of moving people and products

Knowledge of interpersonal relationships in working withcolleagues and clients in setting professional standards both in and out of the office

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Skills

What must be in her ent as tal ent and ac quired in ed u ca tion andtrain ing in or der to per form ef fec tively as a civil en gi neer in clude:

Science and math skills to solve problems and handle thecomplex issues relating to identifying problems, developingstrategies, evaluating options and implementing solutions

Computer and other technology skills to use and comprehendthe tools of the profession

Critical thinking skills where logic and reasoning are employedto identify the strengths and weaknesses of approaches,conclusions or alternatives to the problem

Good judgment and decision-making skills to always considerthe appropriate action to be taken while keeping the relativecosts and benefits and potential risks in focus

Good listening and learning skills where full attention is givento the views of others and then fully understanding theimplications of current and future information as it relates toproblem-solving/decision-making process

Negotiation and monitoring skills to bring all points of viewinto focus and reconciling differences, and then monitoringand assessing the work of all parties

Excellent communication skills in writing, speaking, reporting. Abilities

The civil en gi neer brings to ev ery pro ject and pro cess cre ativ ityand orig i nal ity in com ing up with new and un usual ideas onprob lem-solv ing.

Vi su al izing what shape the pro ject will take when it iscom pleted

Deductive reasoning that helps you apply general rules tospecific problems in order to come up with answers that willmake sense

Oral expression and comprehension to communicateinformation and ideas so others will understand, and thenlistening and understanding the information and ideaspresented

Sensitivity and confidentiality about the work, the client andyour colleagues, and what you see and hear

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THE POSITIVES

EN GI NEERING IS A RE SPECTED CA REER THE WORLD OVER. EN GI NEERS ARE LAUDED

for their skills, abil i ties and feats or ac com plish ments. The work of civil en gi neers is on dis play be cause of its bridges, roads, build ings and allthe pub lic and pri vate pro jects that en hance our lives.

Civil en gi neer ing is ex cit ing and in ter est ing and chal leng ing andfrus trat ing. Civil en gi neers are prob lem solv ers and as such they bringideas to re al ity and make the im pos si ble pos si ble. From a tiny pin in aweap ons sys tem to a huge hy drau lic sys tem for a dam, civil en gi neersen vi sion it and then make it hap pen.

Imag ine the ex hil a ra tion of cre at ing that spe cific some thing thatwill make struc tures stron ger, get wa ter to thou sands more peo ple,take air planes to the next level of flight and on and on. Cre ating,as sess ing, de sign ing, eval u at ing, im ple ment ing, mon i tor ing – what acivil en gi neer does ev ery day. Some pro jects are solved quickly whileoth ers can take years, but there is ex cite ment in know ing you aredo ing a pro ject or pro cess that will make a pos i tive dif fer ence tosome thing that ex ists or cre ate a whole new en tity with even a newvo cab u lary.

En gi neers are cu ri ous pro fes sion als which is why they are in thisfield. Civil en gi neers build more than just bridges that go from point A to point B. They bridge the gap from what we do know to what morewe can know and then make it pos si ble. This is a very re ward ing fieldbe cause you get to see prog ress even if it co mes in small in cre ments.

Civil en gi neers are well-re spected pro fes sion als who can pointwith pride to their ac com plish ments. They make very good money and there is good po ten tial for growth.

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THE NEGATIVES

EN GI NEERING IS VERY HARD WORK AND IT CAN BE VERY FRUS TRAT ING BE CAUSE

you can work on solv ing a prob lem for years and then have to scrapthe whole pro cess and start over. There is great com pe ti tion for thegood jobs and loy alty to em ploy ees is a thing of the past.

Civil en gi neers are in con stant stress ful po si tions be cause there isal ways a dead line to come up with some signs of prog ress. An swersdo not al ways come easy and that cre ates frus trat ing sit u a tions withcol leagues and cli ents alike. Ev ery one ex pects you to have the rightmix of cre ativ ity and knowl edge to be able to do any thing. There istoo much point the fin ger and as sess blame if some thing goes wrong.

En gi neers can also be nerds, and only other en gi neers un der stand what they are talk ing about. The tech nol ogy keeps ad vanc ing and bythe time you are pro fi cient in one com puter pro gram, for ex am ple,there is a new one to learn. The day is not long enough to per formmir a cles, calm fears, ab sorb new in for ma tion or at tend bor ingmeet ings. Yes, the money is good but the re spect is not al ways there.It is a has sle to main tain your po si tion in this field.

EDUCATION AND TRAINING

EN GI NEERS ARE AMONG THE BEST ED U CATED AND TRAINED PRO FES SION ALS IN THE

world. Be cause they are in the fore front of tech nol ogy and useso phis ti cated pro cesses to de sign, con struct and main tain com plexpro jects, their ed u ca tion and sub se quent train ing must bewell-rounded in or der to meet the chal lenges of the pro fes sion.

If you want to be a civil en gi neer, the Amer i can So ci ety of CivilEn gi neers (ASCE) says that you should start in high school. “A solidhigh school prep a ra tion should in clude courses in: Eng lish, al ge braplane ge om e try, trig o nom e try, ad vanced math e mat ics, chem is try,phys ics, and a foun da tion in his tory, so cial stud ies, or for eignlan guage. Com puter courses are also highly rec om mended.”

The Amer i can Board for En gi neering & Tech nol ogy (ABET), therec og nized ac cred i ta tion or ga ni za tion for col lege and uni ver sitypro grams in ap plied sci ence, com put ing, en gi neer ing and tech nol ogy,cur rently lists more than 2,700 en gi neer ing and tech nol ogy pro gramsat over 550 col leges and uni ver si ties across all 50 States. You can en ter a civil en gi neer ing pro gram at the fresh man level af ter grad u at ingfrom high school, or at the ju nior level af ter com plet ing an ap provedtwo-year ju nior col lege pro gram.

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The pro grams vary at the par tic u lar in sti tu tion. Most Bach e lor ofEn gi neering de gree pro grams re quire at least four years of study.Some in sti tu tions of fer a five-year pro gram with a bach e lor’s de greeaf ter the fourth year and a mas ter’s de gree af ter the fifth year. Moreschool are now of fer ing a five-year co op er a tive de gree pro gram where you al ter nate pe ri ods of en gi neer ing study with en gi neer ing-re latedem ploy ment. Earning part of your tu i tion costs while still work ingto ward your de gree is a plus.

To view col lege and uni ver sity pro grams, re quire ments, costs, andget more spe cific in for ma tion on civil en gi neer ing de gree pro grams,visit the ABET website at www.abet.org or the ASCE website atwww.asce.org The ASCE also has ac tiv i ties for stu dents that en cour age pro fes sional de vel op ment out side of the class room.

The ASCE notes that “a typ i cal four-year pro gram con sists of: oneyear of math e mat ics and ba sic sci ences; one year of en gi neer ingsci ence and anal y sis; one year of en gi neer ing the ory and de sign; andone year that in cludes so cial sci ences, hu man i ties, com mu ni ca tions,eth ics and pro fes sion al ism, along with elec tives which com ple mentyour over all ed u ca tion.”

To day, more than a third of civil en gi neer ing grad u ates con tinueon to get their mas ter’s de gree. And an in creas ing num ber are get tingtheir doc tor ates to pre pare for ca reers in re search and teach ing, andto solve more so phis ti cated de sign prob lems at a higher level.What ever level you start at you will have to be come a li censedpro fes sional en gi neer (PE) and com plete the re quire ments forpro fes sional licensure that are es tab lished by the state or ter ri torywhere you want to work.

En gi neering is a field where learn ing is on go ing. Old knowl edgemust be sup ple mented by new knowl edge. There are con tin u inged u ca tion pro grams at col leges and uni ver si ties, pro fes sional so ci et iesthat of fer ed u ca tion and train ing through courses, sem i nars andcon fer ences and more.

If you want to be a civil en gi neer and rise to the top of yourpro fes sion, then pre pare your self prop erly with the best ed u ca tion and train ing pos si ble.

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EARNINGS

CIVIL EN GI NEERS EARN A GOOD LIV ING AND WHILE MONEY SHOULD NEVER BE the rea son you en ter a pro fes sion, it is re as sur ing to know that youcan do well. Like other pro fes sions, what you earn is tied to the areaof the coun try you work, the size of the com pany you work for, yourwork and re spon si bil i ties, and your level of ed u ca tion, train ing andex pe ri ence.

The me dian an nual earn ings for civil en gi neers is about $65,000,with the mid dle 50 per cent earn ing be tween $50,000 and $75,000.The low est 10 per cent earned less than $40,000, while the high est 10per cent earned more than $90,000.

Here are sev eral in dus tries which em ploy civil en gi neers withtyp i cal sal ary lev els:

$70,000 Federal government

$65,000 Local government

$60,000 Architectural and engineering firms

$55,000 State gov ern ment

$50,000 Non res i den tial build ing con struc tion

A re cent sal ary sur vey by the Na tional As so ci a tion of Col leges andEm ployers list the av er age start ing or en try-level sal a ries of civilen gi neers with a bach e lor’s de gree at $40,000; a mas ter’s de gree at$50,000; and a PhD can di date $70,000.

The Amer i can So ci ety of Civil En gi neers and the Na tional So ci etyof Pro fes sional En gi neers in their En gi neering In come and Sal arySur vey pro vide com par i sons to av er age sal a ries of civil en gi neers byre gion: New Eng land $71,000, Mid-At lan tic $78,000, Mid dleSouth east $73,500, Lower South east $72,500, Great Lakes $70,000,Cen tral Plains $71,000, South Cen tral $76,500, Up per Moun tain$64,750, Lower Moun tain $67,500, Pa cific North west $72,000 andPa cific South west $80,000.

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OPPORTUNITIES

CIVIL EN GI NEERS HAVE AL WAYS BEEN IN THE FORE FRONT OF TECH NOL OGY. JUST

look across Amer ica and around the world and you will see amaz ingfeats of en gi neer ing that have cap tured our imag i na tions anden hanced our lives. That was yes ter day. There is still to day andto mor row.

Re cent civil en gi neer ing feats are mak ing his tory in a big way. One ex am ple is The Chan nel Tun nel – nick named the Chunnel – link ingEng land and France un der sea! This ranks among the larg esten gi neer ing pro jects in his tory and the lon gest un der sea tun nel everbuilt. An other ex am ple is the cre ation of high-speed bul let trains nowbe ing used in Eu rope and Ja pan and be ing pro posed here to solvetrans por ta tion prob lems.

The civil en gi neer ing chal lenges for the 21st cen tury areenor mous. The fu ture prob lem-solv ers will have to ad dress ur banre de vel op ment and our crum bling in fra struc ture, com mu nity plan ingand the al lo ca tion of re sources, the traf fic con ges tion that clogs allma jor roads and In ter state high ways, find ing new ways to con serveen ergy while meet ing needs, en sur ing that we have clean drink ingwa ter, and the con tin u ing de vel op ment of the space sta tion and thetech nol ogy nec es sary to live in space.

These and many more chal lenges will be found in pub lic andpri vate em ploy ment as well as fed eral, state and lo cal gov ern mentsagen cies in all the 50 United States and around the world. Civilen gi neers will find op por tu ni ties with util ity com pa nies, con struc tioncom pa nies, tele com mu ni ca tion busi nesses, en gi neer ing firms,in ter na tional cor po ra tions, and con sult ing firms.

From ground tran sit sys tems to space sat el lites, civil en gi neers will con ceive, plan, de sign, con struct, op er ate and man age the pro jectsand pro cesses es sen tial to mod ern liv ing. Pub lic wel fare and safety will be the guide to the civil en gi neer ing feats of the 21st cen tury.

The Amer i can So ci ety of Civil En gi neers wants you to “Set thepace for the fu ture by be com ing a civil en gi neer. The world ofto mor row will look to you to help clean the air, im prove our cit ies andtrans por ta tion sys tems, pu rify our wa ter, and pro vide many so lu tionsthat are vi tal to life. With the skills you learn, you can be among thelead ers shap ing our 21st cen tury.”

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GETTING STARTED

IF YOUR TAL ENTS AND IN TER ESTS ARE IN THE EN GI NEER ING FIELD IN GEN ERAL AND

civil en gi neer ing in par tic u lar, then you had better start plan ning yourfu ture now! Why? Be cause there are courses you should now betak ing in high school and plan ning to take in col lege. This is not a field you can jump right into. This must be a care fully thought out andplanned with a goal in mind as to where you want to be in five, 10 or20 years from now.

Getting started means you do the re search and leg work. You nowknow the ba sics of civil en gi neer ing, and the sec ond Ca reers Re port inthis se ries will give more spe cif ics on struc tural en gi neer ing,geotechnical en gi neer ing, and other spe cial ties. If you are not sure and want to check out other en gi neer ing spe cial ties or dif fer ent ca reers,visit Ca reers Internet Da ta base at www.ca reers-in ternet.org

Con sider, are sci ence, math e mat ics, com put ers and othertech nol o gies on your ra dar screen? Are you a good stu dent with goodgrades? Do you have good study hab its? Are you ever cu ri ous abouthow they did that? Do you like to solve prob lems? Are you a teamplayer? Would you like to make a last ing and mean ing ful con tri bu tionto a build ing, wa ter way, neigh bor hood, city, state and our coun try?

Read up on civil en gi neer ing his tory, ac com plish ments and fu tureat websites listed be low. There are also books in your pub lic li brarythat may an swer some of your ques tions. Talk to pro fes sion als in thefield. Call and visit civil en gi neer ing firms, gov ern ment agen cies andother en ti ties that em ploy civil en gi neers and go armed with ques tions about their work, po ten tial growth, sal a ries and more. In vite a civilen gi neer to speak be fore your class and an swer ques tions.

Check out en gi neer ing courses and de gree pro grams in dif fer entcol leges and uni ver si ties so you are aware of the re quire ments andcosts. Your ca reer is too im por tant to leave to chance or the lastmin ute. An en gi neer ing de gree is hard to come by and can be costly.Make sure that this is what you want.

Talk with your school coun selor, teach ers, fam ily and friends about your in ter est in civil en gi neer ing and lis ten to their com ments andsug ges tions. Ev ery step you take now will help you even tu ally be comea better en gi neer later, some one who has done the home work andmade the right de ci sion. This could be the rest of your life. Make itcount.

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ASSOCIATIONS

� Amer i can As so ci a tion of En gi neering Societies

www.aaes.org

� Amer i can Board of En gi neering & Tech nol ogy

www.abet.org

� Amer i can So ci ety of Civil En gi neers

www.asce.org

� Amer i can So ci ety for En gi neering Ed u ca tion

www.asee.org

� As so ci a tion for Bridge Con struc tion and De sign

http://abcdpittsburgh.org

� As so ci a tion of State Dam Safety Of fi cials

www.damsafety.org

� Civil En gi neering Re search Foun da tion

www.cerf.org

� Coun cil on Tall Build ings and Ur ban Hab i tat

www.ctbuh.org

� Na tional Acad emy of En gi neering

www.nae.edu

� Na tional Ac tion Coun cil for Mi nor ities in En gi neering

www.nacme.org

� Na tional So ci ety of Pro fes sional En gi neers

www.nspe.org

� So ci ety of Women En gi neers

www.swe.org

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PERIODICALS

� The Bridge

www.nae.edu

� Civil En gi neering Mag a zine

www.pubs.asce.org

� En gi neering Times

www.nspe.org/1et.asp

� PRISM Mag a zine

www.asee.org/about/pub li ca tions/in dex.cfm

� The fol low ing can all be found at:

www.pubs.asce.org/jour nals/jrns.html

Jour nal of Ma te rials in Civil En gi neering

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