Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

Volume 138

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Satyajit Patel · C. H. Solanki · Krishna R. Reddy ·Sanjay Kumar ShuklaEditors

Proceedings of the IndianGeotechnical Conference2019IGC-2019 Volume IV

EditorsSatyajit PatelDepartment of Civil EngineeringSardar Vallabhbhai National Instituteof Technology (SVNIT)Surat, Gujarat, India

Krishna R. ReddyDepartment of Civil and MaterialsEngineeringUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IL, USA

C. H. SolankiDepartment of Applied MechanicsSardar Vallabhbhai National Instituteof Technology (SVNIT)Surat, Gujarat, India

Sanjay Kumar ShuklaDepartment of Civil EngineeringEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalup, WA, Australia

ISSN 2366-2557 ISSN 2366-2565 (electronic)Lecture Notes in Civil EngineeringISBN 978-981-33-6563-6 ISBN 978-981-33-6564-3 (eBook)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6564-3

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Preface

The Indian Geotechnical Society, Surat Chapter, and Sardar Vallabhbhai NationalInstitute of Technology (SVNIT), Surat, India, organized the Indian GeotechnicalConference (IGC) in Surat during 19–21 December 2019. The main theme ofthe conference was “GeoINDUS: Geotechnics for INfrastructure Development &UrbaniSation”. The sub-themes of the conference included:

1. Characterization of Geomaterials and Physical Modelling2. Foundations and Deep Excavations3. Soil Stabilization and Ground Improvement4. Geoenvironmental Engineering and Waste Material Utilization5. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering6. Earth Retaining Structures, Dams and Embankments7. Slope Stability and Landslides8. Transportation Geotechnics9. Geosynthetics Applications10. Computational, Analytical and Numerical Modelling11. Rock Engineering, Tunnelling and Underground Constructions12. Forensic Geotechnical Engineering and Case Studies13. Others Topics: Behaviour of Unsaturated Soils, Offshore and Marine Geotech-

nics, Remote Sensing and GIS, Field Investigations, Instrumentation andMoni-toring, Retrofitting of Geotechnical Structures, Reliability in GeotechnicalEngineering, Geotechnical Education, Codes and Standards and other relevanttopics.

The proceedings of this conference consists of selected papers presented at theconference. The proceedings is divided into six volumes, including a special volumewith all keynote/invited presentations.

We sincerely thank all the authors who have contributed their papers to the confer-ence proceedings. We also thank all the reviewers who have been instrumental ingiving their valuable inputs for improving the quality of the final papers. We greatlyappreciate and thank the student volunteers, especially Vemula Anand Reddy, MohitMistry, Rahul Pai, Manali Patel, Rohan Deshmukh, Hrishikesh Shahane, Anand M.Hulagabali, Jiji Krishnan and Bhavita Dave, for their unwavering support that was

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vi Preface

instrumental in preparation of this proceedings. Finally, thanks to the Springer teamfor their support and full cooperation for publishing six volumes of this IGC-2019proceedings.

Surat, IndiaSurat, IndiaChicago, USAJoondalup, USA

Satyajit PatelC. H. Solanki

Krishna R. ReddySanjay Kumar Shukla

Contents

An Experimental Study on Geopile Installed in Expansive Clay . . . . . . . . 1E. Ravi and S. Suresh

Analysis of Strength Properties of Cement-Stabilized Soilat Different Moulding Water Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Pankaj Bariker, Amrutha Kori, and Anand M. Hulagabali

Studies on Soil Heating Using Renewable Solar Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23V. K. Stalin, K. Raja Rajan, S. Chandru, and J. Hemakumar

Effect of Lime and Road Building International Grade 81on Geotechnical Properties of Black Cotton Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Shailendra Kumar and Krishnaraj A. Khatri

Determination of Hydraulic Conductivity of Colloidal SilicaStabilized Sand to Be Used as an Impervious Liner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Prashansha Sharma, Jiji Krishnan, and Shruti Shukla

Stabilization of Subgrade Soil Using Nano-chemicals and Fly Ash . . . . . . 65Tridipa Biswas and Dipankar Sarkar

Study of Engineering Properties of Expansive Soil Stabilizedwith Quarry Dust and Fly Ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Manas Kumar Bhoi, Raghav Sharma, and Harshil Kakadiya

Mitigating Problematic Expansive Soil by Using POFA, Limeand DRWPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85K. Ramu and R. Dayakar Babu

Strength and Stiffness of Soils Under Salinity Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Anju Wilson and A. K. Vasudevan

Review of the Nanomaterials Used for the Soil Stabilization . . . . . . . . . . . 111Smit M. Kacha and Siddharth G. Shah

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Experimental Study on the Swelling Behavior of Expansive SoilReinforced with Coir Geotextile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Nitin Tiwari, Neelima Satyam, and Jasmin Patva

Enhancing the Properties of Expansive Soil UsingBiopolymers—Xanthan Gum and Guar Gum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Nikita Keshav, Anuradha Prabhu, Akshata Kattimani,Anjana Dharwad, Chaitra Kallatti, and Sanjana Mahalank

Consolidated Drained Behaviour of Cemented Sands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137K. Premalatha, K. Sabarishri, and S. Geetha

Experimental Study of Ultimate Load in Sandy Soil by SoilNailing–Horizontal Nailed V/S Inclined Nailed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149Chirag Pravinbhai Mendpara and Arvind K. Verma

Consolidated Undrained Behaviour of Cemented Sand–SiltMixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161K. Premalatha, K. Sabarishri, and P. Sureha

Long-term Durability of Ordinary Portland Cementand Polypropylene Fiber Stabilized Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173S. Aryal, P. K. Kolay, V. K. Puri, and Sajjan Kumar

Topographic Amplification of Earthquake Ground Motion on Hillsof Bell-Shaped Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185Kavan Modha, Dhiraj Raj, and Yogendra Singh

Seismic Stability of Nailed Slopes for Undrained and DrainedConditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197Ilyas Bhat, S. Rupali, and Arvind Kumar

A New Technique to Avoid Tilting Problems During Liquefaction . . . . . . 211Nishant Agarwal and Ashim Kanti Dey

Effect of Degree of Saturation on Dynamic Properties of SolaniSand in Small Strain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223K. A. Khan, Sukanta Das, and B. K. Maheshwari

A Parametric Study of Estimating Index Propertiesand Compaction Characters of Kaolinite–Bentonite–SandMixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233D. N. Jyothi, H. S. Prasanna, and H. Akash

Assessment of SPT-Based Liquefaction Potential of KalyaniRegion, Kolkata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243Sajjan Kumar, Tanuj Srivastav, and Pradeep Muley

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Effect of Soil Amplification on the Seismic Stabilityof Reinforced-Soil Wall for Cohesive Backfill with UniformSurcharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255Ashish Gupta, V. A. Sawant, and B. S. Khati

Liquefaction Potential Assessment for Near Field and Far FieldGround Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265Nikhil Gupta, Ranjan Kumar, and Kapilesh Bhargava

Experimental Study of Soil Amplification and Soil-Pile-StructureInteraction Performing Shake Table Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273M. K. Pradhan, Shuvodeep Chakraborty, G. R. Ready, and K. Srinivas

A Review on the Seismic Vulnerability of Oil and Gas Pipelinesin Guwahati City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287Olympa Baro and Abhishek Kumar

Nonlinear Rocking Stiffness of Combined Piled Raft Foundation . . . . . . . 301Upasana Nath, Diptesh Chanda, Rajib Saha, and Sumanta Haldar

To Study Behavior of Piles in Liquefied Soil Using ANSYS . . . . . . . . . . . . 313Gaurao Suresh Patil, Swapnil R. Joshi, and Pramod S. Sathe

Vulnerability Assessment of Pile Foundation in Soft ClayIncorporating SPSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333Swagata DebRoy and Rajib Saha

Influence of Low Permeability Capping Layers on LiquefactionInduced Failure in Stratified Ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343Divyesh Rohit, Siavash Manafi Khajeh Pasha, Hemanta Hazarika,Takaji Kokusho, and Sukiman Nurdin

Study on Cyclic Response of Dry Uniform Soil Deposit UsingShake Table Tests and DEEPSOIL Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357Debnath Mondal and Sanjay Paul

One-Dimensional Ground Response Analysis of Some TypicalSites in Ludhiana City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373Simarpreet Singh Batra and B. S. Walia

Comparison Between Results of Dynamic Properties of Soilfor Different Site Conditions Based on Seismic Crosshole Testand SPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385Jaymin Patil and Shadab Gadhiya

Pushover Analysis of R.C.C. Building Including 3D Soil–StructureInteraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401Md.Halim Islam and Atanu Kr. Dutta

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Nonlinear Sway–Rocking Stiffness of Pile Foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415MD. Hiran Mia and Rajib Saha

Development of Fragility Curves for Pile Foundation in LiquefiedGround Using Nonlinear 3D Finite Element Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427Partha Bhowmik and Rajib Saha

Soil–Structure Interaction on Pile Raft Foundation in Multi-StoryRC Building with Vertical Irregularity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437Anuj Chandiwala, Milan Savaliya, and Sandip Vasanwala

Effect of A-priori Information on the Uncertainties in MASW Test . . . . . 447Aniket Desai and Ravi S. Jakka

Seismic Response Analysis of Earth Dam Using PLAXIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455Barnali Ghosh and S. K. Prasad

Stability of Arch Tunnel in Different Magnitude of Earthquakewith Effect of Weathering in Western Ghats of India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469Mohammad Zaid, M. Wasif Naqvi, and Md. Rehan Sadique

Development of Empirical Correlation Between StandardPenetration Test and Shear Wave Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483Payal Mehta and T. P. Thaker

Ground Response Study for Low Seismic Areas in Central GujaratRegion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497Payal Mehta and T. P. Thaker

A Single Pile Located on Sloping Ground Under Dynamic Loading . . . . . 511Deendayal Rathod, D. Nigitha, and K. T. Krishnanunni

Shaking Table Tests on Liquefiable Sand Deposits Treatedwith Sand Compaction Piles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523Gowtham Padmanabhan, Ganesh Kumar Shanmugam,and Sathyapriya Subramaniam

Local Site Effects and Liquefaction Analysis of Multilayered Soil . . . . . . 533K. Kiran Prakash, D. Nishanth Kiran, M. Madhu Sudhan Reddy,Mohammad Muzzaffar Khan, and Kalyan Kumar Gonavaram

Seismic Analysis of Vertical Geometric Irregular BuildingConsidering Soil–Structure Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545Somya Ranjan Patro, Suvendu Kumar Sasmal, G. Suneel Kumar,Pradip Sarkar, and Rabi Narayan Behera

Micropiles—An Innovative and Economical Solutionfor Retrofitting of Bridge Foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557Dipali Paresh Doshi, A. K. Desai, and C. H. Solanki

Contents xi

Establishing Seismic Site Class for 4 Recording Stationsin Uttarakhand Based on Generalized Inversion and 1-DEquivalent Linear Site-Specific Response Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569N. H. Harinarayan, Joy Kumar Mondal, and Abhishek Kumar

Seismic Site Characterization Using MASW of Sites AlongSrinagar Metro Rail Alignment, Jammu and Kashmir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581Falak Zahoor, K. Seshagiri Rao, Sajad Ahmad Malla, Basit Tariq,and Waseem Ahmad Bhat

Study of Local Site Effects on Earthquake Early Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595A. Mugesh, Aniket Desai, Ravi S. Jakka, and Kamal

Ground Response Analysis: Comparison of 1D, 2D and 3DApproach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607Praveen Nautiyal, Dhiraj Raj, M. Bharathi, and Ramanand Dubey

Simultaneous Estimation of Dynamic Active and Passive EarthPressure on Retaining Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621Saroj Kundu and B. C. Chattopadhyay

Dynamic Analysis of Beams on Vlasov Foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635Ashis Kumar Dutta and Jagat Jyoti Mandal

Earthquake Response of 3D Asymmetric Building with Infill WallUnder Soil-Structure Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647Abhijit Chakraborty, Kamal Bhattacharya, and V. A. Sawant

Small Strain Stiffness of Cemented Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661K. Premalatha, K. Sabarishri, and S. Niranjana

Prediction of Liquefaction Triggering in Crude-Oil-ContaminatedSand Using UBC3D-PLM Model in PLAXIS 2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675Ankita Singh, Bala Ramudu Paramkusam, and Pabitra Ranjan Maiti

Effect of Subsoil on the Seismic Response of the Setback Buildings . . . . . 687R. M. Thejaswini, Alok Ashok Bhagavati, R. S. Preethi,and L. Govindaraju

Pushover Analysis of Pile-Supported Wharf Structurein Visakhapatnam (India) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697Putti Swathi Priyadarsini and Neelima Satyam

Cyclic Triaxial Test to Measure Strain-Dependent DynamicProperties—A Comprehensive Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707Arpit Jain, Abhijit Chakraborty, Sukanta Das, and Satyendra Mittal

Studies on the Effect of Fines Content on Liquefaction ResistanceUsing Shake Table Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723K. S. Beena, Veena Jayakrishnan, G. Unni Kartha, and P. S. Shafnas

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Dynamic Properties and PWP Model Parameters of Sandy Soilfor Ground Response Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737Shiv Shankar Kumar, A. Murali Krishna, and Arindam Dey

Dynamic Properties of Fly Ash–Sand Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751Archana Mallick and Dilip Kumar Baidya

Nonlinear Ground Response Analysis of Kolkata Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767Narayan Roy, Samyarup Senapati, and Ramendu Bikas Sahu

Design of Traditional Goan Saraswat Bunds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779Leonardo Souza and Purnanand Savoikar

Earth Pressures Under Rotational Movement Mode for Red SoilBackfill Partially Replaced with Building Derived Materials . . . . . . . . . . . 795Jayatheja Muktinutalapati and Anasua Guharay

Assessing the Risk of Internal Erosion in Embankmentsand Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805Ishant Sharma and Ashish Juneja

Effect of Backfill Sand Density on Dynamic Responseof Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817Sumit Kumar Nandan, Tirtha Sathi Bandyopadhyay,and Pradipta Chakrabortty

Failure Analysis of Homogeneous Earthen Dam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829Rohit Sharma and Bappaditya Manna

Stress–Displacement Behavior of PVC Cell Gabion Wallwith Geogrid Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839M. Bhanuchitra, B. Sushmitha, and V. Padmavathi

Seismic Earth Pressure Coefficients for Vertical Wall Using Force–Displacement Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849Aman Srivastava, Dhiraj Raj, and Yogendra Singh

Retrofitting of Existing Earthen Fly Ash Dam by Finger Drainsand Gabion Wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863Shuvranshu Rout, Anup Mandal, Biswajit Das, and Manos De

Behavior of Strip Footing Resting on Sand Reinforced with WasteTire Strips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875Arvind Kumar Agnihotri, Jitendra Singh Yadav, Surinder Pal,and Ankit Garg

Seismic Stability of Retaining Wall with and Without GeogridInclusions in the Back Fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885G. Sridevi, A. Shivaraj, and G. Sudarshan

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Strengthening of Reservoir Embankments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901Rajaraman Ramanathan

Study of Narrow-Reinforced Earth Wall—A Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911Charmy Joshi, Sweta Dave, and Shalini Singh

Numerical Model Study of Two-Tiered Reinforced Soil RetainingWall Subjected to Dynamic Excitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921Sudipta Sikha Saikia and Arup Bhattacharjee

About the Editors

Dr. Satyajit Patel is Associate Professor at the CivilEngineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai NationalInstitute of Technology, Surat, India. His research areaincludes utilization of industrial solid wastes in civilengineering constructions, geoenvironmental issues,soil stabilization, ground improvement, and geosyn-thetics for road pavements. He has published 13 journalpapers and presented 7 research papers internationally.He has guided more than 29 M.Tech. students and 9students are currently pursuing their Ph.D. under hisguidance. He is a life member of Indian GeotechnicalSociety, Institution of Engineers (India), and IndianRoad Congress (IRC). He has received a researchgrant from the Department of Science and Technology,Government of India.

Dr. C. H. Solanki is Professor (Geotechnical Engi-neering) at the Civil Engineering Department, SardarVallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat,India. He has guided 50 postgraduate dissertations and16 Ph.D. thesis and he is currently supervising 11Ph.D. research scholars. He has published 165 researchpapers in the reputed national, international journals andconferences. Dr. Solanki received the “Shri. M.S. JainBiannual Award” for the Best Paper in IGC 2013, Prof.Dinesh Mohan Award in IGC 2017 and “DistinguishedFaculty Award” form The Venus International FacultyAwards-2016. He has organized 20 national level eventsincluding STTP, FDP, conferences and seminars and hewas the chairman for the Indian Geotechnical Confer-ence (IGC 2019) held at Surat, Gujarat. Dr. Solanki hasbeen elected as a member of executive committee of

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IGS for the terms (2015–2022). His research interestsinclude subsoil characteristics, predictions in geotech-nical engineering, soil dynamics, ground improvementand geoenvironmental engineering. He has given 50expert talks throughout India and abroad. He is alife member of Indian Geotechnical Society, IndianSociety for Technical Education (ISTE), and Institutionof Engineers (India).

Dr. Krishna R. Reddy is Professor of Civil and Envi-ronmental Engineering, Director of Sustainable Engi-neering Research Laboratory, and also Director of theGeotechnical andGeoenvironmental EngineeringLabo-ratory at the University of Illinois at Chicago, USA. Hereceived his Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from the Illi-nois Institute of Technology, Chicago, USA. Dr. Reddyhas over 28 years of teaching, consulting, and researchexperience in the fields of civil engineering, geotech-nical and geoenvironmental engineering, environmentalengineering, and sustainable and resilient engineering.He is the author of 4 books, 246 journal papers, 21edited books/conference proceedings, 22 book chap-ters, and 225 full conference papers. He has receivedseveral awards for excellence in research and teaching,including the ASCE Wesley W. Horner Award, ASTMHogentogler Award, UIC Distinguished ResearcherAward, the University of Illinois Scholar Award, and theUniversity of Illinois Award for Excellence in Teaching.

Dr. Sanjay Kumar Shukla is the Founding ResearchGroup Leader (Geotechnical and GeoenvironmentalEngineering) at the Edith Cowan University, Perth,Australia. He is the Founding Editor-in-Chief of theInternational Journal of Geosynthetics and GroundEngineering. He holds the Distinguished Professorshipin Civil Engineering at Delhi Technological Univer-sity, Delhi, VIT University, Vellore, Amity University,Noida, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh and VRSiddhartha Engineering College, Vijayawada, India. Hegraduated in Civil Engineering from BIT Sindri, India,and earned his M.Tech. in Civil (Engineering Geology)Engineering and Ph.D. in Civil (Geotechnical) Engi-neering from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)Kanpur, India. His primary areas of research interest

About the Editors xvii

include geosynthetics and fibres for sustainable devel-opments, ground improvement techniques, utilization ofwastes in construction, earth pressure and slope stability,environmental, mining and pavement geotechnics, andsoil–structure interaction. He is an author/editor of15 books, including 7 textbooks, and more than 260research papers, including 160 refereed journal papers.He has been honoured with several awards, includingIGS Award 2018 by the International GeosyntheticsSociety, USA, in recognition of outstanding contribu-tion to the development and use of geosynthetics. He isa fellow of Engineers Australia, Institution of Engineers(India), and Indian Geotechnical Society, and a memberof American Society of Civil Engineers, InternationalGeosynthetics Society, and several other professionalbodies.