Ganesh Kumar Agrawal1, Abhijit Sarkar1,2,3, Raj Agrawal3,Bongani Kaiser Ndimba4,5, Georgia Tanou6, Michael J. Dunn7,Thomas Kieselbach8, Rainer Cramer9, Stefanie Weinkoop10,Sixue Chen11, Mohammed Suhail Rafudeen12, Renu Deswal13,Bronwyn J. Barkla14, Wolfram Weckwerth10,Joshua L. Heazlewood15, Jenny Renaut16, Dominique Job17

and Randeep Rakwal1,18,19

1 Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB),Kathmandu, Nepal�

The International Plant Proteomics Organization (INPPO) is a non-profit-

organization consisting of people who are involved or interested in plant

proteomics. INPPO is constantly growing in volume and activity, which is mostly

due to the realization among plant proteomics researchers worldwide for the

need of such a global platform. Their active participation resulted in the rapid

growth within the first year of INPPO’s official launch in 2011 via its website

(www.inppo.com) and publication of the ‘Viewpoint paper’ in a special issue of

PROTEOMICS (May 2011). Here, we will be highlighting the progress achieved

in the year 2011 and the future targets for the year 2012 and onwards. INPPO

has achieved a successful administrative structure, the Core Committee (CC;

composed of President, Vice-President, and General Secretaries), Executive

Council (EC), and General Body (GB) toward achieving the INPPO objectives by

its proposed initiatives. Various committees and subcommittees are in the

process of being functionalized via discussion amongst scientists around the

globe. INPPO’s primary aim to popularize the plant proteomics research in

biological sciences has also been recognized by PROTEOMICS where a new

section has been introduced to plant proteomics starting January 2012, following

the very first issue of this journal devoted to plant proteomics in May 2011.

To disseminate organizational activities to the scientific community, INPPO

has launched a biannual (in January and July) newsletter entitled ‘INPPO

Express: News & Views’ with the first issue published in January 2012. INPPO is

also planning to have several activities in 2012, including programs within

the Education Outreach committee in different countries, and the development

of research ideas and proposals with priority on crop and horticultural plants,

while keeping tight interactions with proteomics programs on model plants such

as Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, or Medicago truncatula. Altogether, the INPPO

progress and upcoming activities are because of immense support, dedication,

and hard work of all members of the INPPO family, and also due to the

Boosting the Globalization of Plant Proteomics throughINPPO: Current Developments and Future Prospects

�The remaining author affiliations are provided in the Addendum.

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Proteomics 2012, 12, 359–368 359

wide encouragement and support from the communities (scientific and non-

scientific).

Keywords:

Crops / INPPO / Model plants / Plant proteomics / Tutorial

1 INPPO establishment and initiative: An idea, a vision,and a global platform

‘‘A root, a stem, a leaf, some means of capturing sunlight and air and making

food—in sum, a plant. The green substance of this earth, the chlorophyll, is all

summed up in the plants. Without them we perish, all of us who are flesh and

blood.’’

Hal Borland, 1969; Our Natural World.

Plants are the backbone of human civilization. Plants not only sustain our

survival, but also maintain biodiversity balance and mitigate environmental

problems (e.g., water recycling, soil preservation, and phytoremediation).

Scientists are continuously making efforts to understand plant function through

a repertoire of research approaches in their arsenal. Of the omics/genome-based

high-throughput technologies of the 21st century, proteomics is one of the

topical and growing disciplines in plant biology [1]. A vast body of research has

demonstrated that plant proteomics is essential for the comprehensive under-

standing of their biology [2, 3]. Today, when food security, biodiversity imbal-

ance, climate change, and other basic universal problems are of great concern,

the necessity of exploring complete plant proteomes for their optimum and

sustainable utilization toward a greener, better, and healthier world is greater

than ever. Thus, there is a need for the second green revolution [4].

To achieve this goal, the idea of creating an International Plant Proteomics

Organization (abbreviated as INPPO) was born in late 2008 following discussions

among Dominique Job, Randeep Rakwal, and Ganesh Kumar Agrawal at the

occasion when Dominique Job was attending a French–Japan Workshop on Plant

Molecular Biology held in Tsukuba, Japan. It took more than two years of careful

planning and hard work for the three initiators and now also the founding

members to translate this idea into a concrete INPPO proposal. Later, the proposal

was introduced to nine eminent scientists as global representatives, including

editors of leading proteomics journals (PROTEOMICS, and Molecular and

Cellular Proteomics). All agreed on the importance of studying the plant model

(as a system) and accepted appointments as founding members to contribute

towards the foundation of INPPO. The necessity and vision of INPPO were then

discussed under the title ‘Time to articulate a vision for the future of plant proteomics– A global perspective: An initiative for establishing the International Plant ProteomicsOrganization (INPPO)’ where ten initiatives of INPPO were outlined [5].

In this first INPPO Highlight, the overall progress and recognition of INPPO

as a global platform (Fig. 1) and driving force for plant proteomics are discussed.

Various on-going (year 2011) and up-coming activities in 2012, and onwards are

also outlined.

2 INPPO’s achievements within 2011

2.1 INPPO as an international organization

As an international organization, INPPO needs its own rules and regulations to

function in an organized, democratic manner and in line with the proposed

360 G. K. Agrawal et al. Proteomics 2012, 12, 359–368

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INPPO initiatives. As INPPO is growing and implementing various activities, it

is also working on constituting the INPPO rules and regulations with an initial

focus on how the administrative bodies [Core Committee (CC), Executive

Council (EC), General Body (GB), and committees/subcommittees] should

function and better serve the members and global plant proteomics community.

In line with that aim, INPPO is implementing/adapting the well-practiced,

standard rules/regulations of different national and international organizations

that function in a similar manner, and trying to formulate its own set of rules

suitable for its global functionality. Recently, INPPO exercised a selection

procedure to form the CC, a process that is normally practiced in government

and non-government organizations at the very early phase of organizational

development; details are mentioned below under the subheading ‘organizational

structure’. We believe that in order to achieve the INPPO’s operational model we

envisage it is essential any organizational decision/initiative to be approved by

the CC and to be disseminated to all the members at the earliest opportunity.

This helps to connect/link everyone in the INPPO network and open the plat-

form for discussion for the improvement of the decision/initiative. Also, each

INPPO committee is led by a chairperson and independent in structure and

function. Any committee initiatives should be undertaken in consultation with

the respective chairperson and INPPO CC members. Consequently, the CC can

coordinate the initiative with other committees without affecting their interest

and function; and disseminate the impact of the initiative to INPPO members

and global scientific community.

2.2 500 INPPO members

INPPO started its active journey around the first half of January 2011. The three

initiators were responsible for informing the plant and/or proteomics commu-

nity of the INPPO vision and mission by: (i) inviting plant proteomics

Figure 1. The INPPO global outreach and partnership. INPPO is driven by the people as

a global platform and driving force for plant proteomics. World map showing all the

countries are apparent in placement and boundaries.

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Proteomics 2012, 12, 359–368 361

researchers around the globe to join INPPO as members (Fig. 1); (ii) presenting

INPPO at global podiums; and (iii) canvassing INPPO at physical and virtual

knowledge spaces. Within a short time span, INPPO initiatives were recognized

and accepted by the global plant proteomics community, as more than 200

members joined INPPO within the first 100 days of invitation (Fig. 2; inset). The

concept of Country Representatives (CRs) was introduced for effective, rapid,

and convincing networking among the proteomics community at both the

national and international levels.

As of December 2011, more than 500 plant scientists from over 60 countries

around the world actively support INPPO as members (www.inppo.com; Figs. 1

and 2). INPPO is also privileged to have 73 INPPO CRs in 42 countries, and

recognizes this as being its crucial achievement. Today, INPPO has evolved as a

truly global organization, surpassing boundaries, regions and work spheres, and

developing a substantial platform for the scientific community.

2.3 Organizational structure

When INPPO members exceeded 400 in July 2011, the 12 founder members of

INPPO took the responsibility of formulating a global leadership council for

INPPO. The names of four scientists were nominated for the position of President

(Dominique Job, France), Vice President (Randeep Rakwal, Japan), and General

Secretaries [Jenny Renaut, (Luxembourg) & Ganesh Kumar Agrawal (Nepal)] by

the administrative staff of INPPO to the founding members to form the CC.

Founding members agreed with this proposal. Thus, the CC was formed in

August 2011 with the responsibility to form the EC and GB of

INPPO (Fig. 2). In addition, five committees were also planned to develop

and to accelerate organizational performance globally. These committees were

called the INPPO Research committee, Development committee, Finance

committee, Public Relation committee, and Education Outreach committee.

Rightfully, CC and EC hold the major administrative power about the organiza-

tional structure and function; and GB performs as the extended structure of

administration.

Figure 2. Timeline of INPPO development. Details are mentioned in the text.

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362 G. K. Agrawal et al. Proteomics 2012, 12, 359–368

2.4 INPPO webpage

The INPPO webpage (www.inppo.com) has probably been the most important

factor behind the present interest on INPPO worldwide. It has been operational

since January 2011 disseminating information about the organization and

supporting online membership application. Initially, the webpage was built on

PHP language, which hindered the membership management and its database

development (Fig. 3) and has subsequently been upgraded to a JAVA-based

system. Furthermore, an advertisement section has been incorporated. This

feature is available to all members, and non-members can also contact INPPO if

they wish to advertise their events, workshops, etc. A ‘Community Corner’ and

an ‘Et cetera’ section were also introduced to disseminate topics to the scientific

community. It has been the INPPO’s intention to cover as much information on

the front page of the site as possible to enable people to easily speed-read

through the page to get the required information without navigating to other

pages. The ‘News, Events & Press Releases’ section has been provided graphi-

cally with small descriptions to make them more interactive.

2.5 Initiation activities of INPPO committees/subcommittees

The INPPO committees/subcommittees have started pursuing their respective

aims in line with the INPPO initiatives. The respective chairperson of each

committee was invited by the INPPO CC. Chairpersons have started to invite

their esteemed committee members among the globally recognized scientists.

Today, most of the INPPO committees have started their work toward the

common aim of developing plant proteomics globally. Thus, the Education

Outreach committee has already gained substantial pace toward developing

educational programs through organizing workshops, seminars, and

other ways to disseminate plant proteomics knowledge to the global

Figure 3. Internal, external, and projected activities of INPPO. Details are mentioned in the

text.

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Proteomics 2012, 12, 359–368 363

scientific community, see Section 3.5 for details. Also, the INPPO Research

committee has initiated several subcommittees, e.g. Arabidopsis, rice, and

systems biology. They are principally aiming to develop proteomics-related

projects for model and non-model plants at national and international levels

involving stakeholders from various tiers of the scientific and societal

community. The INPPO Development committee and Public Relation

committee are also shaping themselves for expanding duties in the

future. The Newsletter initiative comes under the supervision of Public Relation

committee. The details on each committee and its present state of organization

and work can be found under the menu Overview4Committees at www.inppo.

com. A point to be highlighted here is that INPPO still needs support and active

involvement of members in these respective committees/subcommittees. In

particular, a highly active Finance committee chairperson and members to

further enhance the INPPO activities will be required. The call for interested

members and their expertise in this initiative has also been made on the INPPO

website.

2.6 Official newsletter ‘INPPO Express: News and Views’

Another achievement of INPPO is exemplified by the introduction and

publication of its official biannual newsletter named ‘INPPO Express:

News and Views’ (Figs. 2 and 3). This newsletter is intended to serve as an

interactive platform for all INPPO members around the world to express

and share their experience and views. The newsletter is also a mode for

publishing INPPO’s and other plant proteomics news from all over the world.

The first issue contains nearly 25 articles and news items, including the views,

experiences, and expectations of INPPO members. INPPO is indeed happy to get

the feedback from students, as well as from experienced scientists, and various

representatives about INPPO, plant proteomics, and allied topics.

2.7 INPPO and PROTEOMICS: Sharing a vision toward a greater goal

Plant proteomics has completed almost ten years as an independent field, and is

gaining popularity around many biological disciplines. Over the past few years

scientific publications at the level of both research and review articles are becoming

more prominent in leading proteomics journals. Having observed strong growth in

the application of proteomics to plant biology, the PROTEOMICS journal

published in May 2011 a Special Issue on the topic of Plant Proteomics, where the

INPPO founding members Dominique Job, Paul A. Haynes, and Michel Zivy

served as Guest Editors. Furthermore, in recognition of the importance of this area,

a new section of PROTEOMICS journal under the heading ‘Plant Proteomics’ has

been launched in 2012 (Fig. 3).

2.8 Networking of gathered plant proteomics knowledge worldwide

Proper sharing and networking of plant proteomics knowledge within the

scientific community, and development of an integrated and global platform

toward sustainable solutions and different scientific and societal issues, is a

prime objective of INPPO. In the first year, INPPO has positively progressed

toward this aim. For example, INPPO has received direct support of the

French Green Proteome Network and the French Society of Electrophoresis

and Proteomics Analysis (SFEAP), and the International Rice Research Institute

(IRRI) has an organizational representative at INPPO. The Multinational

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364 G. K. Agrawal et al. Proteomics 2012, 12, 359–368

Arabidopsis Steering Committee (MASC) coordinates international research

in the model plant Arabidopsis. The proteomics subcommittee of MASC

(MASCP: http://www.masc-proteomics.org) has been successfully promoting

proteomic research and developing resource in this system for the

past seven years [6]. With the creation of INPPO, members of MASCP over-

whelmingly agreed that they should actively develop links and coordinate

activities with the newly established organization (Fig. 3). Since MASCP main

focus is the development and promotion of proteomics in the model plant

Arabidopsis, the organization can contribute expert knowledge and support for

this system within the INPPO structure. These activities will assist in the

translational of Arabidopsis proteomic knowledge to non-model plant systems to

further develop and support international plant and agricultural proteomic

programs.

3 Future targets in 2012 and onwards

3.1 INPPO rules and regulations

As the administrative bodies and committees/subcommittees are becoming

operational and INPPO memberships is increasing daily, the INPPO rules

and regulations will be discussed first among the members of the adminis-

trative bodies to either improve or amend them. The rules and regulations

approved by the administrative bodies will then be circulated among the

members of the INPPO family to obtain their opinions/suggestions/comments.

Only when wide acceptance and consensus is achieved, INPPO rules and

regulations are scheduled to be completed and will be ratified by the end of year

2014.

3.2 INPPO website and extension

The INPPO website is updated/upgraded on a regular basis. In 2012, the website

will be upgraded with: (i) a graphic presentation of the informative data; (ii)

discussion forums for the community to discuss/exchange their thoughts; and

(iii) an even more user-friendly and interactive view.

3.3 INPPO development with respect to its members and national

chapters

The INPPO Development committee plans to: (i) expand its working committee,

(ii) accelerate membership; (iii) work in establishing a proteomics chapter

as an extension of INPPO in different countries and continents; and (iv) expand

its networking with organizations pertinent to plant biology, genetics and

biotechnology.

3.4 INPPO and PROTEOMICS: Special issues on plant proteomics

The aim of the future special issues on plant proteomics will be not only to

recognize this specialized and emerging field of plant biology, but also to

organize it and inspire young researchers to work more in plant proteomics. The

special issues, in coordination with PROTEOMICS, and under the leadership of

distinguished plant proteomics researchers will be proposed once every two

years.

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Proteomics 2012, 12, 359–368 365

3.5 Global education outreach activities

Educational Outreach is another major INPPO initiative, and aims to serve

young researchers to enable better and optimal utilization of plant proteomics

knowledge worldwide. The INPPO Education Outreach committee has planned

the organization of lunch time seminars, and half-day symposia at existing

proteomics or plant biology conferences, as well as supporting short workshops

and tutorials held by proteomics groups in different countries. There are

currently six suggestions from the INPPO community for workshops in 2012 in:

(i) Cape Town, South Africa; (ii) Kathmandu, Nepal; (iii) Gainesville, Florida,

USA; (iv) Mexico, (v) Seoul, South Korea; and (vi) Luxembourg. The workshop in

Cape Town is going to focus on bioinformatics for proteomics, specifically to

look at the analysis of proteomics data from gel and gel-free approaches.

Mohammed Suhail Rafudeen and Bongani Kaiser Ndimba are going to organize

this workshop with the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology (MCB),

University of the Western Cape. Additionally, a one-day mass spectrometry,

hosted by Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Proteomics Unit, will be held in

Stellenbosch, South Africa in March 2012. The workshop in Kathmandu, Nepal

will offer a two-day theoretical program (basic course) on ‘Gel-based Proteomics

Technology and its Applications in Plant Proteomics’ and will be organized in

collaboration with the Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry

(RLABB, Kathmandu, Nepal) by Ganesh Kumar Agrawal. There is also a

proposal from a High-School (Grade 10–12, seniors) in Nepal to provide them

one-day introductory crash course on proteins and plant proteomics. After the

success of the U.S. National Science Foundation funded workshops in Gaines-

ville, University of Florida (UF) in 2009, Sixue Chen and Nick Polfer working

together with UF Center for Precollegiate Education and Training will organize

their next workshop specifically focused on plant proteomics and mass spec-

trometry for high school teachers. Bronwyn J. Barkla from Mexico highlighted

the possibility to organize bioinformatics courses for plant proteomics in colla-

boration with the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) following a successful

‘Bioinformatics Roadshow’ organized by the Mexican Proteomics Society in

collaboration with the EBI in April of 2011. Nam-Soo Jwa and Ganesh Kumar

Agrawal have suggested holding a workshop in South Korea on the utilization of

MS techniques for plant proteomics. Jenny Renaut has proposed the DIGE or

MS-based training workshop in Luxembourg.

3.6 Research and centralized database development activities

The research committees/subcommittees of INPPO are on their way to have

global scientific representatives to cover most of the research areas in plant

proteomics (Fig. 3). The research committees/subcommittees are dedicated to

achieve these goals in line with the INPPO initiatives [5]. As soon as the

committees/subcommittees are formed in this year (2012), there will be

discussions to implement strategic plans and defined short and long-term goals.

As there is great diversity in plants and thus in plant research, INPPO is willing

to work with model crops (such as rice, legumes, wheat and maize) and horti-

cultural plants (including banana, grapes, oranges, etc.). In the coming year,

INPPO is aiming to: (i) develop a platform that connects different databases with

an aim for improved data exchange and utilization of the existing data, which

over time could be developed into a centralized database; (ii) exploit centralized

databases for systems biology, i.e., to enable research information exchange

across different plant species where data such as on climate change (drought,

heat, cold, ozone, etc.) may enable better understanding of specific problems and

better provide an extrapolation from model systems to crops; (iii) develop and

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366 G. K. Agrawal et al. Proteomics 2012, 12, 359–368

outline strategies for research projects; and (iv) engage the INPPO members in

developing international research projects on fundamental problems and in

publishing review articles in topical areas of plant proteomics research.

3.7 Organization of INPPO meetings

Regular INPPO meetings are planned, providing a venue for gathering plant

proteomics researchers involved in a variety of disciplines of plant biology. This

will also serve to evaluate the INPPO progress and on-going activities, to develop

future courses of action, and to listen/discuss with colleagues, specialists, and

the younger generation. These meetings will also be a platform to have a

discussion on the INPPO rules and regulations and selection of the next

leadership. We also envision fund-raising activities. Finally, it is envisioned that

INPPO will have its first World Congress in the next two years.

4 Concluding remarks

The highlighted achievements and future targets in 2012 and onwards are clear

indications that the INPPO community will work together toward addressing the

fundamental national and international problems in plant proteomics including

those that affect society at large. Based on constant discussions with members,

INPPO is expecting to improve in efficacy toward promoting plant proteomics

globally. Indeed, none of the above highlighted progress would have been

possible without the support of the INPPO members and the various research

communities.

The authors acknowledge all the INPPO members for their strong support in thebuilding up of a global platform for plant proteomics and their active involvement invarious on-going INPPO activities. The authors also thank the scientific and non-scientific communities for their direct and indirect supports. INPPO is highly gratefulto PROTEOMICS and in particular, Dr. Hans-Joachim Kraus, Senior PublishingEditor, Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim (Germany) for generous support in makingpossible the INPPO Highlights.

The authors have declared no conflict of interest.

5 References

[1] Bradshaw, R. A., An introduction to proteomics: applications to plant biology, in:

Agrawal, G. K., Rakwal, R. (Eds.), Plant Proteomics: Technologies, Strategies, and

Applications, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ 2008, pp. 1–6.

[2] Agrawal, G. K., Rakwal, R., in: Agrawal, G. K., Rakwal, R. (Eds.), Plant Proteomics:

Technologies, Strategies, and Applications, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ 2008.

[3] Thiellement, H., Zivy, M., Damerval, C., Mechin, V., Plant Proteomics: Methods and

Protocol, in: Thiellement, H., Zivy, M., Damerval, C., Mechin, V. (Eds.), Plant

Proteomics: Methods and Protocols, Humana Press 2007.

[4] Swaminathan, M. S., An evergreen revolution. Biologist, 2000, 47, 85–89.

[5] Agrawal, G. K., Job, D., Zivy, M., Agrawal, V. P., Bradshaw, R., Dunn, M. J. et al.,

Time to articulate a vision for the future of plant proteomics – a global perspective:

an initiative for establishing the International Plant Proteomics Organization

(INPPO). Proteomics 2011, 11, 1559–1568.

[6] Weckwerth, W., Baginsky, S., van Wijk, K., Heazlewood, J. L., Millar, A. H., The

multinational Arabidopsis steering subcommittee for proteomics assembles the

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largest proteome database resource for plant systems biology. J. Proteome Res.

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6 Addendum

2 CSIR-SRF, Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change,Ecology Research Circle, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

3 International Plant Proteomics Organization (INPPO, www.inppo.com), USA4 Proteomics Unit, Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council,

Infruitec Campus, Stellenbosch, South Africa5 Proteomics Research Group, Department of Biotechnology,

University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa6 Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessalonki, Thessaloniki,

Greece7 UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research,

School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin,Dublin, Ireland

8 Department of Chemistry, Umea University, Umea, Sweden9 Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, UK

10 Molecular Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria11 Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR),

Cancer & Genetics Research Complex, University of Florida,Gainesville, FL, USA

12 Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Cape Town,Private Bag, Rondebosch, South Africa

13 Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India14 Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico,

Morelos, Mexico15 Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division,

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA16 Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippman, Department of Environment

and Agrobiotechnologies (EVA), Belvaux, GD, Luxembourg17 CNRS/UCBL/INSA/Bayer CropScience Joint Laboratory,

Bayer CropScience, Lyon cedex, France18 Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences,

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan19 Department of Anatomy I, School of Medicine, Showa University,

Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan

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