Assessment of African Policies for the use of satellite remote sensing for development purposes

ASSESSMENT OF AFRICAN POLICIES FOR THE USE OF SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTASSESSMENT OF AFRICAN POLICIES FOR THE USE OF SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Presentation of the conclusions of a study on existing African policies for the use of satellite remote sensing

for development purposes

PIERRE ENGEL, PhDSIRS – AMESD Consultant

ADDIS ABABA, MAY 22 2012

2010 20122011

Images acquired by the DMC constellation: 22 and 32 meter ground resolution


PLAN OF THE PRESENTATION

Pierre ENGEL:Oceanography & GeoR/S & image process.SPOT ImageSPOT Asia Pte LtdRADARSAT Int’lConsultingSIRS (France)

• INTRODUCTION: A HIGHER LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS & VALUES

• CONTINENTAL LEVEL

• REGIONAL LEVEL– ECOWAS / ECCAS / IGAD

• NATIONAL LEVEL– NIGERIA / GABON / KENYA

• CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS– Proposed Strategy


WHY EARTH OBSERVATION POLICIES?

Contributes to the African integration processes in a trans-national manner

Develops training, expertise, development of higher education, engineering, fights brain drain

Establishment of consistent datasets across the continent, reference and validation indicators at the REC level, direct environmental comparisons and assessment protocols across widely different regions and nations

Helps preventing duplicated purchases, overhead admin costs and un-necessary taxation burdens

Give the sense of responsibility, accountability, and transparency for young engineers and scientists considered as actors of their own future and development, in a society in which they feel responsible.


Source: Collège International des Sciences du Territoirehttp://www.gis-cist.fr/index.php/main-sections/le-cist/

Source: Pierre Engel, published in AfriSpace Report 2011

ProfessionalsEngineersArtistsCSOsNGOs

Science &Technology

http://www.gis-cist.fr/index.php/main-sections/le-cist/





• REGIONAL LEVEL

– ECOWAS / ECCAS / IGAD

• NATIONAL LEVEL

– NIGERIA / GABON / KENYA

• CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS


CONTINENTAL INITIATIVES

• IN THE AFRICAN UNION:

– AfriSpace Initiative: creation of an African Space Agency (Energy & Infrastructure Dept.)

– Space Policy Observatory (Dr. Timamy, REA)

– Space Programmatic Platform (HRST)

• AFRICAN LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE

– African Resource Monitoring Constellation

• Nigeria, Algeria, South Africa, Kenya

• “Space Platform” (AUC)


TRANS-SECTORIAL NATURE OF EO

EO Technologies

• Area 1: Peace & Security

• Area 2: Democratic Governance

• Area 3: Trade, Reg. integration & infrastructure

• Area 4: Millennium Development Goals

• Area 5: Energy

• Area 6: Climate Change, land degradation, desertification (AMESD is here)

• Area 7: Migration, mobility & employment

• Area 8: Science, information society & space

EU-AU STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP (2008) -> FIRST & SECOND ACTION PLANS

ASSESSMENT OF AFRICAN POLICIES FOR THE USE OF SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

REFERENCE TO INTERNATIONAL POLICY FRAMEWORKS

GLOBAL• WTO Marrakech Accord &

Agreement

• FAO Resource Manual on the Multilateral Trade Negotiations on Agriculture

• UNFCC and its Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice

• UNEP Guidelines for Integrated Environmental Assessment

• UNEP GEO-5 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT OUTLOOK

• GEOSS

EUROPE

• INSPIRE DIRECTIVE

• CORINE LAND COVER

• GMES INITIATIVE

• GOFC-GOLD (ESA component)

• EEA SEIS programme

• UNECE Guidelines for preparation of indicator-based environment assessment reports

http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/04-wto_e.htmhttp://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x7352e/x7352e06.htmhttp://unfccc.int/bodies/body/6399.phphttp://www.unep.org/geo/pdfs/GEO5_SPM_English.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/research/environment/index_en.cfm?section=geo&pg=geoss

http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/04-wto_e.htm

http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x7352e/x7352e06.htm

http://unfccc.int/bodies/body/6399.php

http://www.unep.org/geo/pdfs/GEO5_SPM_English.pdf

http://ec.europa.eu/research/environment/index_en.cfm?section=geo&pg=geoss


SYNERGY WITH GMES-AFRICA

GMES-Africa

GMES

INSPIRE SEIS

GEO

GEO Members• Algeria• Burkina Faso• Cameroon• Central African

Republic • Congo,

Republic of the • Cote d'Ivoire • Egypt• Ethiopia• Gabon• Ghana

• Guinea-Bissau• Guinea, Republic • Madagascar • Mali • Mauritius • Morocco • Niger • Nigeria • South Africa • Sudan• Tunisia• Uganda

+ UNECA CORE LIST OF ENVIRONMENT INDICATORS (2008)





• REGIONAL LEVEL


• NATIONAL LEVEL




REGIONAL LEVEL• ECCAS

ENVIRONMENTAL & NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT POLICY: 3 major priority axis

• Strategy Document for Disaster Risk Reduction

• COREP (Commission Régionale des Pêches du Golfe de Guinée)

• COMIFAC Convergence Plan 2005

• ECOWAS ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

• ECOWAS PEACE & SECURITY OBSERVATION SYSTEM

• ECOWAS POLICY FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

• IGAD Environment Strategy Document

• AMESD EO Policy Assessment (2012) see next slide

• IGAD Climate Prediction & Applications Centre (ICPAC)

• Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources for Development (RCMRD)


IGAD

• AMESD EO Policy Assessment (2012)

– Existing policies for Land Degradation Mitigation and Natural Habitat Conservation are weak;

– Use of EO is weak, lack of harmonisation in data providers (pricing systems, copyright & license);

– EO recognised to be an accurate tool for monitoring the environment and natural resources;

– Promote institutional arrangements, national coordination platforms, strategic partnerships…





• REGIONAL LEVEL


• NATIONAL LEVEL




NATIONAL LEVEL (3 COUNTRIES)• NIGERIA National

Space Policy (2003)• National Geo-

Information (GI) Policy

• Space Agency: NASRDA

• GABON AGEOS

• Direct Receiving Station (DRS) under construction

• Conseil National Climat & “Plan Climat”

• “Plan National Géomatique” (PNG)

• Regional mandate (ECCAS and COMIFAC offices are planned in the DRS building)

• Strong political will and support

• KENYA• VISION 2030• NSDI draft document• DRS terrain exists in

Nairobi (owned by RCMRD)

• Policy-making process very fragmented

• San Marco Space Platform (Italy)





• REGIONAL LEVEL


• NATIONAL LEVEL




CONCLUSION

Next slide: the proposed implementation strategy

• MAINSTREAMING OF EO POLICIES– LINK EO POLICIES WITH OTHER POLICY INSTRUMENTS

• EO-DERIVED INDICATORS DEFINED AND DOCUMENTED FOR:– POLICY-MAKING– POLICY ASSESSMENT– ASSESSMENT OF DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS FINANCED BY AfDB AND

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS– LAW ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS

– Capitalise on existing infrastructures and Techn. Centres• ECOWAS WITH NASRDA // AGRHYMET (expanded?)• ECCAS WITH AGEOS // COMIFAC (expanded?)• IGAD WITH SAN MARCO / NEW STATION ON RCMRD TERRAIN

– Free & Low-Cost EO data for higher Min Mapping Units• Sentinel (optical & radar), Landsat-8, CBERS-3, THEOS, DMC with

NigeriaSAT-1 & 2, NgSAT-X, low access cost DMC archived data


LINK EO POLICIES WITH OTHER POLICY INSTRUMENTS

+ Assessment of development projects financed by AfDB and other regional / international development banks


RECOMMENDATIONS

– LINK EO POLICIES WITH OTHER POLICY INSTRUMENTS• National EO-proficient Representatives (mixed

professionals & engineers & scientists) to elaborate EO policy instruments & parameters at the AUC level


COMMON EO-DERIVED INDICATORS (FORESTRY)

ECCAS Environment Policy ECOWAS Environment Policy IGAD Environment StrategyStrategic Line n°4:Conservation and SustainableManagement of forestResources in Central Africa

Strategic Line n°2: (2.2)Promote management,conservation and sustainabledevelopment of forests…

IGAD Environment and NaturalResources Strategy – Table 2:Summary of Asset Values andKey Opportunities byEnvironmental Themes

Do the forest inventory and

ecosystem mapping

Surveillance and evaluation

of these ecosystems […]

Set-up a functional

communication and

information system on

forest resources […]

Develop re-afforestation

programmes […]

Forest cover through

classification of new forests

and extension of

afforestation to help reach

the rate of 20 to 30% of the

lands […]

Encourage and support the

development of big forest

management and re-

afforestation programmes…

Assess deforestation rates,

woodland conversion,

unsustainable harvesting,

climate change impacts,

decrease in natural forests,

[…]

Assess the forest carbon

trade value

Slide 1 of 2: next deals with related EO-derived indicators


COMMON EO-DERIVED INDICATORS (2)

ECCAS Environment Policy ECOWAS Environment Policy IGAD Environment StrategyEO-DERIVED INDICATOR

EO-derived forest land

cover with classes such

as:

o Natural forests

o New forest

plantations

o Forest industrial

concessions

Compute a Forest

Vulnerability Index

Set-up a dedicated

Forest GIS with socio-

economic data

EO-DERIVED INDICATOR

EO-derived forest land-

cover to document the

growth of the forest land

cover

Assess the extent of re-

afforestation

programmes

Compute a Forest

Vulnerability Index

Set-up a dedicated

Forest GIS with socio-

economic data

EO-DERIVED INDICATOR

Compute overall natural

forest deforestation

rates

Compute woodland

conversion

Assess unsustainable

harvesting

Assess Carbon value

Verify the integrity of

Natural Reserves and

Protected Areas


ProfessionalsEngineersArtistsCSOsNGOs

Science &Technology

THE STRATEGY IN ONE SENTENCE:

It is this process of linking environmentand sustainable development policyinstruments to EO-derived instrumentsthat will allow the mainstreaming of EOpolicies at all levels.


COORDINATION MECHANISMS

• CONTINENTAL LEVEL– Coordination of EO policy mechanisms & infrastructure

– Coordination of the definition of standards and parameters for EO-derived indicators (cf. GOFC GOLD, Corine, INSPIRE, GEO…)

– Coordination of the implementation of the EO-derived indicators defined above

• Working Group (in ‘Space Platform’ at AUC)– National representatives of EO-proficient nations

– Trans-department reporting within AUC


COORDINATION OF EO-DERIVED INDICATORS

The output of this coordination phase is the creation of an

EO-Indicators Reference Document,

published and distributed to all relevant parties: policy-makers, policy-assessment authorities, law-

enforcement authorities, development banks, regional technical centres, national technical

centres, CSOs and NGOs.


MAINSTREAMING STRATEGY

Working Group from National Experts

EO-Indicators Reference Document

REC endorsement & Regional Implementation + National Level

Institutional Strengthening with Regional Processing Centres / internal dedicated structures

Processing of EO-derived indicators: policy-making, policy assessment, law enforcement and development project indicators. Updates and regular reporting.


STRATEGY: STEP 1 – Working Group

• Responsibility: AUC Level

• Main Tasks: Setting up the Working Group to define the EO-receptive (Env./DRR/ClimChange…) policies and their indicators (making/assessment/law enforc./Dev.Projects)

• Input: Regional & National Policy analysis, stakeholders, standards and norms of EO-derived indicators

• Duration: 6 months (depends on the number of thematic fields) + updating tasks as required over time.


Overall objective:Identification ofpolicy instrumentsrelevant to EOmeasurementtechniques


STRATEGY: STEP 2 – Reference Document

EO Indicators Reference Doc • Responsibility: AUC Level

• Main Tasks: Finalisation (with RECs and Member States) & publication of the EO Indicators Reference Document

• Input: Regional & National Policy analysis, standards and norms of EO indicators

• Duration: 2 months

Overall objective:Finalisation of areferencedocument linkingpolicies and EO-derived indicators.


STRATEGY: STEP 3 – Endorsement

REC endorsement &…

Overall objective:Identification ofpolicy instrumentsrelevant to EOmeasurementtechniques

• Responsibility: REC Level

• Main Tasks: Endorse the EO Indicators Reference Document and mandate their Technical Centres for processing and to the Member States for reference

• Input: EO Indicators Reference Document



STRATEGY: STEP 4 – Data Procurement

Institutional Strengthening

Overall objective:make available thenecessary EO datato be used in theEO indicatorprocessing chains.

• Responsibility: REC Level

• Main Tasks: Institutional strengthening with EO procurement sources (also archives

for historical references)

• Input: Mandate agreements between RECs and Technical Centres



STRATEGY: STEP 5 - Implementation

Implementation

Overall objective:receive regular EO-derived indicatorsfor policy-making,assessment, lawenforcement &developmentproject assessment

• Responsibility: REC Level (mandating Technical Centres)

• Main Tasks: Implementation, processing of EO-derived Indicators corresponding to REC & national policies / QA support

• Input: Mandate agreements and EO data procurement

• Duration: unlimited


IMPLEMENTATION AT NATIONAL LEVEL


EO-Indicators Reference Document

REC endorsement

Institutional Strengthening

Implementation

EO-IRD1 = EO-Indicators Reference Document

• Key-Member States (Key-MS) send Experts to form the Working Group

• MS receive the EO-IRD1 from REC

• Technical Processing Centres, RS Centres, IP-capable infrastructures discuss, validate and adopt the EO-IRD mechanism and processes – feed-back to REC and Working Group

• Key-MS Technical Processing Centres mandated by REC to process EO-IRD; the Centres involve REC Quality Assessment designated experts (!credibility!)

• KeyMS Technical Processing Centres receive EO input data from main procurement sources (as mandated by RECs)

• Regular delivery of EO-IRD to RECs


See http://[email protected]

Thank Youand thank you to the AMESD Bureau in Addis Ababa & the interpreters at

this workshop

http://www.eoafricanpolicies.eu/

mailto:[email protected]

Assessment of African Policies for the use of satellite remote sensing for development purposes

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