Airport Authority of India - Pollution Control Board, Assam

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

New Integrated Terminal Building

at Guwahati Airport, Assam

Project Proponent

Airport Authority of India

NABET Accredited Environmental Consultant

EIA for Construction of New Integrated Terminal Building at LGBI Airport, Guwahati by Airports Authority of India Table of Contents

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Table of Contents

Compliance of TOR Executive Summary CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Preamble 1-1 1.2 Importance and Benefits of the Project 1-2 1.3 Need and Process of Environmental Clearance 1-3 1.4 Regulatory Compliance Requirement 1-4 1.5 Terms of Reference (TOR) 1-5 1.5.1 Location of Guwahati Airport 1-6 1.5.2 Geographical Conditions of the Study Area 1-6 1.6 Structure of Environmental Impact Assessment Report 1-9 CHAPTER 2 : DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT 2.1 Introduction 2-1 2.2 Land Available at the Airport 2-1 2.3 Projections for Domestic Passenger Traffic at Guwahati Airport 2-1 2.3 Master Plan for Existing Airport and Proposed Construction 2-1 2.4 Proposed Development at the Existing Airport 2-3 2.5 New Integrated Terminal Building 2-7 2.5.1 Design Thought 2-7 2.5.2 Inspiration of Form 2-7 2.5.3 Salient Design Interventions 2-8 2.5.4 Facilities at the Proposed Integrated Terminal Building 2-8 2.5.5 Cutting & Filling 2-10 2.5.6 Parking Facilities and Traffic Management Plan 2-15 2.6 Power Requirement 2-15 2.7 HVAC 2-15 2.7.1 AC Equipment 2-17 2.7.2 Water Chilling Machines 2-17 2.7.3 Chilled Water Pumps 2-18 2.7.4 Pipes 2-18 2.7.5 Variable Volume Air Handling Units 2-18 2.7.6 Constant Volume Air Handling Units 2-19 2.7.7 Fresh Air 2-19 2.7.8 Utility Building Ventilation 2-19 2.7.9 Duct Construction and Fire Safety 2-19 2.7.10 Pressurization/Smoke Extraction System 2-20 2.8 Baggage Handling System 2-20 2.9 GRIHA for The Proposed Integrated Terminal Building 2-20 2.10 Water Requirement and Its Management 2-24 2.10.1 Water Balance Diagram 2-26 2.10.2 Sources of Water 2-27 2.10.3 Sewerage Treatment and Disposal 2-27 2.11 Drainage 2-28 2.12 Rainwater Harvesting 2-28 2.13 Project Cost 2-29 2.14 Manpower Requirement 2-29


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CHAPTER 3 : DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3.1 Introduction 3-1 3.2 Topography and Physiography 3-1 3.3 Natural Hazards- Earthquake 3-6 3.4 Geology 3-6 3.5 Climate And Meteorology 3-8 3.5.1 Climatology 3-8 3.5.2 Micrometeorological Data 3-12 3.6 Soil 3-13 3.6.1 Soil of Study Area 3-14 3.6.2 Soil Quality in Study Area 3-14 3.7 Water Resources 3-18 3.7.1 Surface Water Resources 3-18 3.7.2 Ground Water Hydrology 3-18 3.8 Water Quality 3-18 3.8.1 Surface Water Quality 3-18 3.8.2 Ground Water Quality 3-23 3.9 Ambient Air Quality 3-31 3.9.1 Selection of Sampling Locations 3-32 3.9.2 Frequency and Parameters for Sampling 3-32 3.9.3 Sampling and Analytical Techniques 3-33 3.9.4 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results 3-35 3.10 Noise Measurements 3-36 3.11 Landuse Use and Land Classification 3-50 3.12 Biological Environment 3-52 3.12.1 Objectives 3-53 3.12.2 Methodology 3-54 3.12.3 Floristic Composition 3-57 3.12.4 Biodiversity Indices 3-65 3.12.5 Aquatic Ecology 3-70 3.12.6 Protected Areas 3-72 3.13 Socio-economic Environment 3-78 3.13.1 Methodology 3-79 3.13.2 Baseline Socio-Economic Status of The Study Area 3-80 3.13.3 Medical & Public Health Facilities 3-82 3.13.4 Outcome of Socio-Economic Survey 3-83 3.13.5 Community Consultation 3-85 CHAPTER 4: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES 4.1 Introduction 4-1 4.2 Anticipated Impact and Mitigation Measures for Pre-Construction Phase 4-5 4.3 Anticipated Impact and Mitigation Measures for Construction Phase 4-5 4.3.1 Topography & Physiography 4-5 4.3.2 Land Use Pattern 4-6 4.3.3 Soil Quality 4-6 4.3.4 Drainage Pattern 4-8 4.3.5 Flood as Natural Disaster 4-8 4.3.6 Water Resources 4-9 4.3.7 Water Quality 4-10


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4.3.8 Ambient Air Quality 4-11 4.3.9 Noise Levels 4-13 4.3.10 Terrestrial Ecology 4-16 4.3.11 Impact on Deepor Beel Ramsar Site 4-17 4.3.12 Occupational Safety and Health 4-17 4.3.13 Socio-Economic Environment 4-18 4.4 Operation Phase 4-20 4.4.1 Topography and Physiography 4-21 4.4.2 Water Resources 4-21 4.4.3 Water Quality 4-22 4.4.4 Soil 4-23 4.4.5 Ambient Air Quality 4-23 4.4.5.1 Air Pollution Modelling 4-26 4.4.5.2 Source Characteristics 4-27 4.4.5.3 Atmosphere Stability 4-27 4.4.5.4 Mixing Height 4-27 4.4.5.5 Presentation of Result 4.27 4.4.6 Noise Levels 4-33 4.4.7 Traffic Management 4-35 4.4.8 Terrestrial Ecology 4-36 4.4.9 Impacts of the Project on the Deepor Beel 4-35 4.4.10 Heritage Structures 4-37 4.4.11 Occupational Hazards and Safety 4-37 4.4.12 Impacts to Socio-Economic Environment 4-39 CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 5.1 Introduction 5-1 5.2 Alternative of Project Site 5-1 5.3 Alternative for New Building 5-1 5.4 Alternative for Energy Conservation Measures 5-2 5.5 Alternative for Green Building 5-2 CHAPTER 6 : ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 6.1 Statutory Compliance /Returns 6-1 6.2 Environmental Monitoring 6-1 6.2.1 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) Monitoring 6-2 6.2.2 Water Quality Monitoring 6-2 6.2.3 Noise Levels Monitoring 6-2 6.2.4 Soil 6-2 6.3 Environmental Reporting System 6-5 6.4 Environmental Monitoring Cost 6-6 CHAPTER 7 : RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 7.1 Introduction 7-1 7.2 Approach for the Risk Analysis 7-1 7.3 Hazard Identification 7-2 7.3.1 Introduction 7-2 7.3.2 Identification of Hazards Due to Storage of HSD for DG Sets Operation 7-3 7.3.3 Identification of Hazards Based on MSIHC Rule, 2000 7-4


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7.3.3.1 Hazardous Conditions 7-4 7.3.4 Maximum Credible Accident Analysis (MCAA) 7-8 7.3.5 Scenarios Considered for MCA Analysis 7-8 7.3.6 Scenarios Considered for MCA Analysis 7-9 7.3.7 Risk Mitigation Measures 7-17 7.4 Disaster Management Plan 7-18 7.4.1 Objective of Emergency Planning 7-19 7.4.2 Categorization of Emergencies 7-20 7.4.3 Key Functions of Airport Director and Other Supporting

Organizations/Agencies/Services for mitigation of emergency at Guwahati Airport

7-20

7.4.4 Emergency Operations/Coordination Centers Established for Mitigation of Emergencies

7-21

7.4.5 Media Management 7-24 7.4.6 Emergency Procedures 7-25 7.4.6.1 Fires on the Ground (Aircraft Related Fires Occurring in Aircraft

Movement Areas) 7-25

7.4.6.2 Fires on the Ground (Fires Involving at Guwahati Airport, i.e. Non-Aircraft Related Fires)

7-26

7.5 Training and Education 7-27 7.6 Mock Drills and Exercises 7-27 7.7 Updating of Emergency Plan 7-29 CHAPTER 8: PROJECT BENEFITS 8.1 General 8-1 8.2 Direct and Indirect Benefits 8-1 CHAPTER 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 9.1 Introduction 9-1 9.2 Environmental management Measures 9-1 9.2.1 Soil 9-1 9.2.2 Water Quality 9-2 9.2.3 Solid Waste Management 9-5 9.2.4 Air Quality 9-6 9.2.5 Noise Levels 9-7 9.2.6 Vehicle Parking and Traffic Management 9-8 9.2.7 Measures to Encourage Reduction in Carbon Foot Print 9-8 9.2.8 Landscape Plan and Green Belts in Open Spaces 9-17 9.2.9 Demographic and Socio-Economic Environment 9-20 9.2.10 Cargo Handling at Guwahati Airport 9-20 9.2.10.1 Acceptance of Cargo 9-21 9.2.10.2 Cargo Manifesting 9-22 9.2.10.3 Dangerous Goods 9-22 9.2.10.4 Handling of Toxic and Infectious Substances 9-23 9.2.10.5 Perishable Cargo 9-24 9.2.10.6 Disposal of Unclaimed or Leaked Cargo 9-25 9.2.11 Fire Protection Measures 9-25 9.3 Environmental Management Plan 9-25 9.3.1 Environmental Management Cell (EMC) 9-26 9.3.2 Training 9-26


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9.3.3 Grievance Redressal Mechanism 9-42 9.3.4 Reporting and Monitoring System 9-42 9.4 Corporate Social Responsibility 9-44 9.5 Budget for Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 9-44 CHAPTER 10: DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED 10.1 Disclosure of Consultant Engaged 10-1 10.2 Expertise of ABC Techno Labs India Pvt. Ltd. 10-2 10.3 NABET Accredited Environmental Experts Team for EIA Study 10-3


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List of Tables CHAPTER 2 : PROJECT DESCRIPTION Table 2.1 Projections for Domestic Passenger Traffic at Guwahati Airport 2-3 Table 2.2 Projections for International Passenger Traffic at Guwahati Airport 2-3 Table 2.3 Area Statement for New Integrated Terminal Building 2-9 Table 2.4 AC Load Estimation for Proposed Integrated Terminal Building 2-16 Table 2.5 Daily Water Demand Calculations for New Integrated Terminal Building 2-25 Table 2.6 Water Consumption Summary & Treated Waste Water Recycle 2-26 Table 2.7 Estimated Manpower Requirement for New Integrated Terminal Building 2-29 CHAPTER 3 : DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Table 3.1 Climetological Summary at IMD Guwahati (1971-2000) 3-8 Table 3.2 Site Specific Metrological Data 3-12 Table 3.3 Soil Sampling Locations in the Study Area 3-14 Table 3.4 Soil Quality in the Study Area 3-17 Table 3.5 Surface Water Sampling Locations 3-19 Table 3.6 Surface Water Quality in the Study Area 3-21 Table 3.7 Water Quality Standards (Source IS 2296:1992) 3-23 Table 3.8 Ground Water Sampling Locations 3-24 Table 3.9 Ground Water Quality in the Study Area 3-28 Table 3.10 Indian Standard Specification for Drinking Water (IS 10500-2012) 3-30 Table 3.11 Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations 3-32 Table 3.12 Techniques Used For Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 3-33 Table 3.13 Ambient Air Quality at Project Site (AAQ1) 3-37 Table 3.14 Ambient Air Quality at Garal (AAQ2) 3-38 Table 3.15 Ambient Air Quality at Palasbari (AAQ3) 3-39 Table 3.16 Ambient Air Quality at Mazir Gaon (AAQ4) 3-40 Table 3.17 Ambient Air Quality at AZARA (AAQ5) 3-41 Table 3.18 Ambient Air Quality at Kahi Kuchi (AAQ6) 3-42 Table 3.19 Ambient Air Quality at Pasaina Poola (AAQ7) 3-43 Table 3.20 Ambient Air Quality at Kaita Sidhi Poola (AAQ8) 3-44 Table 3.21 Summary of Ambient Air Quality in the Study Area 3-45 Table 3.22 National Ambient Air Quality Standards 3-47 Table 3.23 Noise Measurement Locations in Study Area 3-48 Table 3.24 Day and Night Time Leq in the Area 3-48 Table 3.25 Ambient Standards in Respect of Noise 3-50 Table 3.26 Land Use Pattern of Study Area 3-50 Table 3.27 Floristic Diversity in the Study Area 3-57 Table 3.28 Phytosociological Analysis of Tree Species 3-61 Table 3.29 Interpretation of Vegetation Results In The Study Area 3-65 Table 3.30 Interpretation of Vegetation Results in the Study Area 3-65 Table 3.31 Fauna Recorded from the Primary Survey in the Study Area and their

Conservation Status 3-67

Table 3.32 Characterization of Fauna In The Study Area (As Per W.P Act, 1972) 3-59 Table 3.33 Description of Flora & Fauna 3-64 Table 3.34 List of Macrophytes Recorded Within the Study Area 3-71 Table 3.35 List of Fish species Recorded within the Study Area 3-71 Table 3.36 Bird Population Count at Deepor Beel 3-74 Table 3.37 Details of Villages Falling in the Study Area 3-79


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Table 3.38 Demographic Profile of the Study Area at a Glance 3-80 Table 3.39 Employment Pattern in the Study Area 3-81 CHAPTER 4 : ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Table 4.1 Impact Assessment Rating Matrix 4-3 Table 4.2 Impact Assessment Rating Matrix 4-3 Table 4.3 Typical Noise Levels of Construction Equipment 4-14 Table 4.4 Noise Modelling Results 4-15 Table 4.5 Estimated Aircraft Emissions for Guwahati Airport 4-24 Table 4.6 Emissions From DG Sets Stack 4-25 Table 4.7 Estimated Vehicular Emission s at Guwahati Airport 4-26 Table 4.8 Total Emission Sources and Emission Rates 4-26 Table 4.9 Predicted 24-Hourly Short Term Incremental Concentrations 4-28 Table 4.10 Noise Levels And Area of Influence 4-34 CHAPTER 6 : ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME Table 6.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan for New Integrated Terminal Building at

Guwahati Airport 6-3

Table 6.2 Cost of Environmental Monitoring 6-7 CHAPTER 7: RISK ASSESSMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN Table 7.1 Damage Effects due to Overpressures 7-7 Table 7.2 Illustrative Damage Effects due to Overpressures 7-7 Table 7.3 Selected Scenarios for Consequence Calculations 7-9 CHAPTER 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Table 9.1 Environmental Management Plan for New Integrated Terminal Building at

Guwahati Airport 9-27

Table 9.2 Details of CSR Activities Proposed for Guwahati Airport 9-44 Table 9.3 Budget for Implementation of Environmental Management Plan 9-45 CHAPTER 10 : DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT ENGAGED Table 10.1 NABET Accredited Team for EIA Study 10-3


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List of Figures

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Figure 1.1 Stages to obtain the Prior Environmental Clearance 1-3 Figure 1.2 Index Map of Guwahati Airport 1-8 Figure 1.3 10 Km Study Area on Google for Guwahati Airport 1-9 Figure 1.4 10 Km Study Area based on SOI Top Sheets 1-9 CHAPTER 2 : PROJECT DESCRIPTION Figure 2.1 Master Plan for Guwahati Airport 2-2 Figure 2.2 Design Concepts for New Integrated Terminal Building 2-8 Figure 2.3 Site Plan for Departure Side for New Integrated Terminal Building 2-11 Figure 2.4 Site Plan for Retail/F&B Departure Side for New Integrated Terminal

Building 2-12 Figure 2.5 Site Plan for Arrival Side for New Integrated Terminal Building 2-13 Figure 2.6 Isometric View of New Integrated Terminal Building 2-14 Figure 2.7 Water Balance Diagram for New Integrated Terminal Building 2-27 Figure 2.8 Schematic Diagram for Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Technology 2-28 CHAPTER 3 : DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Figure 3.1 Drainage Network of Brahmaputra River 3-2 Figure 3.2 Drainage Map of Study Area 3-4 Figure 3.3 Contour Map of The Study Area 3-5 Figure 3.4 Seismic Maps of the Area 3-6 Figure 3.5 Relative Humidty at Guwahati IMD Station 3-9 Figure 3.6 Windrose Diagrams for Guwahati IMD Station 3-10 Figure 3.7 Cloud Cover at Guwahati IMD Station 3-11 Figure 3.8 Temperature at Guwahati IMD Station 3-11 Figure 3.9 Rainfall at Guwahati IMD Station 3-12 Figure3.10 Windrose Diagram for the Project Site 3-13 Figure3.11 Soil Sampling Locations In The Study Area 3-16 Figure3.12 Surface and Groundwater Sampling Locations 3-25 Figure3.13 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations 3-34 Figure3.14 Noise Monitoring Locations 3-49 Figure3.15 Land Use Land Cover Within the Study Area 3-51 Figure3.16 Distribution of Landuse Land Cover In The Study Area 3-52 Figure3.17 Map showing the Bio-geographic Provinces of India 3-54 Figure3.18 Distribution of Bird Population 3-75 CHAPTER 4 : ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Figure 4.1 Attenuation of Noise from Source during Construction 4-15 Figure 4.2 Predicted Level Concentrations for SO2 4-30 Figure 4.3 Predicted Level Concentrations for NOx 4-31 Figure 4.4 Predicted Level Concentrations for PM 4-32


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CHAPTER 7 : RISK ASSESSMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN Figure 7.1 Intensity Radii for Late Pool Fire for Leakage of HSD from Unloading

Hose 7-10

Figure 7.2 Flash Fire Envelope for Leakage of HSD from Unloading Hose 7-11 Figure 7.3 Intensity Radii for Late Pool Fire for Leakage of ATF from Loading Hose 7-12 Figure 7.4 Flash Fire Envelope for Leakage of ATF from Loading Hose 7-13 Figure 7.5 Intensity Radii for ATF Tanker on Fire 7-14 Figure 7.6 Late Explosion Worst Case Radii for ATF Tanker on Fire 7-15 Figure 7.7 Flash Fire Envelope Radii for ATF Tanker on Fire 7-16 CHAPTER 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Figure 9.1 Schematic Diagram for Membrane Bioreactor Type STP 9-5 Figure 9.2 East West Façade for New Terminal Building 9-10 Figure 9.3 South & North Façade for New Terminal Building 9-10 Figure 9.4 Low Impact Design – Passive Design Feature 9-11 Figure 9.5 Wind Direction Consideration for Selected Building Orientation 9-12 Figure 9.6 Energy Efficient Construction Materials and Design 9-15 Figure 9.7 Provision of PV Panels for Over Car Parking at New Integrated Terminal

Building 9-18

Figure 9.8 Green Plan for New Integrated Terminal Building 9-19 Figure 9.9 Organogram for Environmental Management Cell 9-41 Annexure : Annexure 1: Terms of Reference issued by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Annexure 2: Copy of application submitted for clearance from NBWL

TOR COMPLIANCE

EIA for Construction of New Integrated Terminal Building at LGBI Airport, Guwahati by Airports Authority of

India TOR Compliance

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Compliance of Terms of Reference issued by MOEF&CC, New Delhi,

MOEF vide F. No. 10-58/2016-IA-Ill dated 26 October 2016 after considering

during 9th

meeting of EAC (Infra-2) held on 21-22 September, 2016

Sn. TOR Points Compliance

i. Importance and benefits of the project Section 1.2 (Page 1-2) of Chapter 1 and

Section 8.2 (Page 8-1) of Chapter 8

ii. A separate chapter on status of

compliance of Environmental Conditions

granted by State/Centre to be provided.

As per circular dated 30th May, 2012

issued by MoEF, a certified report by

Regional Office, MoEF&CC on status of

compliance of conditions on existing unit

to be provided in EIA-EMP report.

The present Guwahati Airport was

established in year 1958. Initially it was

maintained and operated by CPWD, in later

which was handed over to National

Airports Authority of Indian (NAAI) now

known as Airports Authority of India

(AAI), after merger of NAAI and AAI in

the year 1995 for maintaining and

operations of the existing airports. In 1989,

its Air Traffic Control Tower (ATC) was

built up along with expansion of existing

terminal building which was commissioned

in the year 1993-1994. Since then only

minor modifications were executed in order

to cope up with passenger inflow increase

and now presently Guwahati Airport is

functioning as a Gateway of entire North

East part of India. Therefore,

Environmental Clearance for existing

Airport and Terminal Building was not

required /not applicable.

New integrated terminal building is first

activity at Guwahati Airport after EIA

Notification 2006, which requires prior

Environmental Clearance.

iii. Copy of Consent to Establish and

Consent to Operate for the existing

airport facilities.

The present Guwahati Airport was

established in year 1958. Initially it was

maintained and operated by CPWD, in later

which was handed over to National

Airports Authority of Indian (NAAI) now

known as Airports Authority of India

(AAI), after merger of NAAI and AAI in

the year 1995 for maintaining and

operations of the existing airports. In 1989,

its Air Traffic Control Tower (ATC) was



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built up along with expansion of existing

terminal building which was commissioned

in the year 1993-1994. Since then only

minor modifications were executed in order

to cope up with passenger inflow increase

and now presently Guwahati Airport is

functioning as a Gateway of entire North

East part of India.

iv. A toposheet of the study area of radius of

10km and site location on

1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2

sheet (including ail eco-sensitive areas

and environmentally sensitive places).

Survey of India Toposheets for the project

area are restrict for photocopy and

reproduction. Therefore, 10 Km study area

based on SOI Toposheets has been

prepared and shown in Section 1.5.2,

Figure 1.4 (Page 1-8) of Chapter 1. Deepor

Beel Bird Sanctuary is located at a distance

of 3 km from the project site.

v. Copy of application submitted for

clearance from NBWL.

Copy of application submitted for clearance

from NBWL as Annexure 2.

vi. The EIA should also address to the

impacts of the project on the Deepor

Beel which was described as a Ramsar

Site. It should also suggest as to how

does the project relate to and conform to

requirements and action plans of the

Ramsar Convention.

Impacts of the project on the Deepor Beel

with mitigation measures have been

described Section 4.3.11 (Page 4.17) and

Section 4.4.9 (Page 4.36) of Chapter 4.

vii. Layout maps of proposed project

indicating runway, airport building,

parking, greenbelt area, utilities etc.

Layout Maps for New Integrated Terminal

Building at Guwahati Airport are given in

Figure 2.3, 2.4 and 2.5 (Page 2-11 to 2-14),

respectively of Chapter 2

viii. Cost of project and time of completion.

Justification for spending Rs. 913 Crore

on the project.

Total estimated cost of the new terminal

building is Rs. 1232 Crores for civil Works,

Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing, STP, etc.

Refer section 2.13 (Page 2-28) of Chapter

2.

ix. A note on appropriate process and

materials to be used to encourage

reduction in carbon foot print. Optimize

use of energy systems in buildings that

should maintain a specified indoor

environment conducive to the functional

Details of reduction in carbon foot print,

Energy conservation measures, solar power

generation are given in Section 9.2.7 (Page

9-9 to 9-17) of Chapter 9. More than 30%

energy saving is planned for the New

Integrated Terminal Building.



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requirements of the building by

following mandatory compliance

measures (for all applicable buildings) as

recommended in the Energy

conservation building code (ECBC)

2007 of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency,

Government of India. The energy system

includes air conditioning systems, indoor

lighting systems, water heaters, air

heaters and air circulation devices.

x.

Details of emission, effluents, solid

waste and hazardous waste generation

and their management. Air quality

modelling and noise modelling shall be

carried out for the emissions from

various types of aircraft.

Details of emission, effluents, solid waste

and hazardous waste generation and their

management is given in Chapter 4 of EIA

Report.

Air quality modelling and noise modelling

for the emissions from various types of

aircraft is given in Section 4.4.5 (Page 4-

23) and Section 4.4.6 (Page 4-32) of

Chapter 4 EIA Report.

xi. Classify all Cargo handled as perishable,

explosive, solid, petroleum products,

Hazardous Waste, Hazardous Chemical,

Potential Air Pollutant, Potential Water

Pollutant etc. and put up a handling and

disposal management plan.

Details of Cargo Handling at the Guwahati

Airport are given in Section 9.2.10 (Page 2-

20) of Chapter 9.

xii. Noise monitoring shall be carried out in

the funnel area of flight path.

Noise monitoring was carried in the study

area. Same has been given in Section 3.11

and Table 3.25 (Page 3-47) of Chapter 3.

xiii. Requirement of water, power, with

source of supply, status of approval,

water balance diagram, man-power

requirement (regular and contract)

Requirement of water, power, with source

of supply, status of approval, water balance

diagram are given in Section 2.10 Page 2-

24 and 2-27.

Details of man-power requirement (regular

and contract) are given in Section 2.14 and

Table 2.7 at Page 2-29 of Chapter 2.

xiv. The EIA. should specifically address to

vehicular traffic management as well as

estimation of vehicular parking area.

Details of vehicular traffic management as

well as estimation of vehicular parking area

are given in Section 2.5.6 (Page 2-15) of

Chapter 2 and in Section 4.4.7 (Page 4-35)



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of Chapter 4.

xv. Details of fuel tank farm and its risk

assessment

At Guwahati Airport, th HSD will be stored

in 30 kl underground storage tanks. ATF

storage and filling at Guwahati Airport are

managed by Public Sector Oil Companies.

Risk assessment and Disaster Management

Plan is given in Chapter 7.

xvi. Public hearing to be conducted and

issues raised and commitments made by

the project proponent on the same should

be included in EIA/EMP Report in the

form of tabular chart with financial

budget for complying with the

commitments made.

Same has been followed.

xvii. Any litigation pending against the

project and/or any direction/order passed

by any Court of Law against the project,

if so, details thereof shall also be

included. Has the unit received any

notice under the Section 5 of

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or

relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts?

If so, details thereof and

compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and

present status of the case.

No litigation is pending against the project.

xviii. A tabular chart with index for point wise

compliance of above ToRs.

Tabular chart with index for point wise

compliance of above ToRs are enclosed in

the beginning of EIA Report.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

EIA for Construction of New Integrated Terminal Building at LGBI Airport, Guwahati by Airports Authority of India Executive Summary

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

0.1 Introduction

Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport at Guwahati, one of the major airport in

India and in North East Region is situated in the state of Assam, belongs to AAI.

Operators like Air India, Jet Airways, Spice Jet, Indigo, Go Air, Vistara, Air Asia India and

Pawan Hans Helicopters are presently operating with 75 flights movements per day and

528 flights in a week. The Airport is an International Airport being developed as

inter‐region hub and suitable for operation of B‐767/A‐310 type of aircraft.

The existing terminal building at Guwahati Airport is capable to handle 850 pax (425

arriving + 425 departing) at a time. The existing terminal building at Guwahati has

saturated. In view of the future traffic growth at Guwahati Airport, there is a requirement

of construction of New Integrated Terminal Building at the available land within the

airport premises.

Airports Authority of India (AAI) has planned centrally air-conditioned New Integrated

Terminal Building of modular design with all modern facilities and associated facilities

like multilevel car parking. The Integrated Terminal Building with area of 90000 sqm

(excluding Service area as per requirement in Basement covering area of 7500 sqm)

have been designed for 2900 Domestic and 200 International passengers at a time with

the recommended area specifications and to match the level of service “B” as per IATA

recommendations in initial years & finally to match level of service ʺCʺ in year of

saturation.

The EIA studies have been carried out as per TOR approved by MoEF&CC vide letter

Dated 26 October, 2016.

0.2 Project Description

0.2.1 Justification of New Integrated Terminal Building

The existing terminal building at Guwahati has saturated. In view of the future traffic

growth at Guwahati Airport, there is an urgent requirement of construction of New

Integrated Terminal Building at the available land within the Guwahati airport premise.

0.2.2 Key Scope of New Integrated Terminal Building

The passenger handling capacity existing terminal building has already saturated. In

view of the future traffic growth at Guwahati Airport, there is urgent requirement of

construction of new integrated terminal building on turn key basis. The scope of work for

proposed integrated terminal building.



(i) Construction of centrally air-conditioned New Integrated Terminal Building with

area of 90000 sqm) for 2900 Domestic and 200 International passengers at a time.

(ii) New Integrated Terminal Building has been designed by captures the GRIHA

measures with the consideration to achieve the 4 star rating under GRIHA V-2015.

(iii) Service area Basement covering area of 7500 sqm

(iv) Departure area, Arrival area, Security Hold area and Concourse area with

adequate nos. of toilets for gents, ladies and differently‐abled persons along with

drinking water facility.

(v) Media planning, Retail Area planning, etc. Solar power generation.

(vi) Departure Area with adequate number of check-in counters, immigration counters,

baggage conveyor belts, queuing space, segregation railing, back-up offices for

Airlines, facilitation counters, weighing machines, counters etc.

(vii) Duty Free/Retail Area Creation of Retail Islands/ Shops without affecting the

passenger movement.

(viii) Food & Beverage Area

(ix) Arrival Area / Baggage Claim Area

(x) Airport Director’s office with associated office space, staff canteen, Engineering

office, Toilets for staff etc to be provided in the lower ground floor.

(xi) Multilevel car park with all amenities for at least 1500 cars and surface parking for

VIP cars & 10 buses, Separate car / scooter park area for AAI and airlines staff at

appropriate location.

(xii) Development of four-lane vehicular road from Terminal Building / Car parking with

canopy covering two lanes in front of the Terminal Building on the city side and

connecting the main approach road to the city.

(xiii) Provision of water supply pumping arrangement system, Water Filtration, water

cooler & R.O/U.V. Filters, Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) & Effluent Treatment

Plant (ETP) as per norms and as per site conditions.

(xiv) Horticulture/landscaping, drainage system, water supply, etc.

0.2.3 Utilities and Other Features

• The total estimated electrical demand load of the new integrated terminal building

is approximately 7.5 MW, which shall be supplied at 33 KV as per Assam

Electricity Board and 2 no (1 Working and 1 Standby) power transformers 33/11

KV each 10 MVA capacity. Provision of 100% emergency back up by DG sets of 6

no each 2000 kVA has been kept.

• Central Airconditioning plant is proposed and total estimated air-conditioned load is

3300 TR after diversity. Microprocessor based control system (BMS) will also be

installed at the Airport.

• At the new integrated terminal building Energy Conservation will be as per Energy

Conservation Building Code 2007 (ECBC). 540 kW solar PV power plant will be

esteblished to generated solar power.



• Fresh water requirement will be 710 KLD for domestic, food courts, retail, offices,

HVAC, etc. (Total water requirement including recycled water- 1010 KLD). Water

requirement will be extracted through bore wells at the airport.

• As per water balance diagram, 810 kl/d sewage will be generated after the

operation of integrated terminal building which will be treated in STP of capacity

1000 kl. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) Technology will be used for treatment of

waste water at the airport.

• For storm water management at the site, rectangular sections for side drains will

be provided. The drains have been kept sufficiently away from the taxiway /

runway.

0.2.4 Project Cost - The estimated cost of new integrated terminal building and associated

works at Guwahati Airport is estimated as Rs 1232 Cores.

0.3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

Topography and Physiography: Physiographically, the site is mostly plain.

Brahmaputra River is flowing at distance of 2.2 km in north direction. Deepor Beel (Lake)

is located at a distance of 3 km, north-east direction The study area has plain and rolling

topography witn small hills to residual hillocks.

Geology: The Guwahati is geologically an extension part of the Shillong plateau of the

Pre Cambrian Age. Geologically, the city is characterized by Precambrian granite

gneissic complex composed of granite gneiss, biotite schists, gneiss and quartzite.

Soil Characteristics: The soil type found in the study area is mainly sandy, silty and

clay type. Soil found on river banks and in plains are rich in nutrients and are suitable for

arable farming.

Water Resources: Brahmaputra River is flowing at distance of 2.2 km in north direction.

Deepor Beel (Lake) is located at a distance of 3 km, north-east direction. The drainage

system of the area is dominated by Brahmaputra River.

Water Quality: Water quality of study area meets desirable limit. Ground water

resources in the study area were found fit for drinking purpose.

Micro Meteorology: During the study period maximum temperature was recorded as

320C and minmum as 110C. The relative humidity was recorded to be varying between

44 to 87%. The wind speed was recorded in the range between 0.5 to 4.2 kmph. The

predominant wind direction during study period was from North East to South West (from

NE towards SW).



Ambient Air Quality: Ambient air quality monitoring have been carried out at eight

locations during post monsoon season for PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, NH3, O3, C6H6, BaP,

Pb, As, Ni and CO. National ambient air quality standards for industrial, residential, rural

& other areas are met for all monitored parameters at all AAQM locations during the

study period.

Noise Level: Nose measurements were carried out at 8 locations. Measured day and

time Leq noise levels are within the limit stipulated noise standards.

Natural Hazards and Disaster Risk: The Guwahati Airport lies in seismic zone V

according to zoning map of India. Structure of new terminal building has been designed

in view of seismic factor and other natural hazards.

Landuse & Land Cover in the Study Area – As per satellite image interpretation, more

than 50% of the study area is covered by fvegetation & agriculture fields and followed

by marshy land (11.59.9%), Settlement (9.26%), water body (9.17%) and dry river bed

(9.17%), whereas the open shrub land is 4.85% in the study area.

Terrestrial Ecology: Vegetation in the area is common type. During the study, no tree,

shrubs and grass was observed, which are endangered or threatened under IUCN

(International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural resources) guidelines.

Aquatic Ecology - Brahmaputra River is perennial river flowing within the 10 km radius

study area. Brahmaputra river alongwith ponds, lake and other small water bodies form

the aquatic ecosystem. Deepor bill (Water body) is a Ramsar site is the largest habitat of

migratory birds situated about 3 km towards eastern side of the project site.

Socio-Economic Environment of Study Area: Total population of 112892 in the study

area comprises 57730 male and 55162 female from 25379 households. Scheduled

caste population and scheduled tribe population is 8.3% and 5.6%, respectively.

However, the scheduled tribe population was found to be insignificant in rural area

i.e.1.1%. Sex ratio of the study area is 960. The literacy rate in the study area is 87.7%.

4.0 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures

Topography & Physiography : Topography of the area is plains. For construction of

new integrated terminal building, for construction of the proposed facilities at the

Guwahati Airport, tentatively 100000 cum filling will be required. Approx 50000 cum

earth excavated from construction of 7500 sqm size basement will be used filling at

airport site.



Mitigation Measures

• Land clearing at the site will be kept to the absolute minimum practicable; and

• Construction site would be designed to minimize filling of the earths.

• Borrowing of earth will be ensured only from approved borrow area having valid

environmental from District Level Environmental Impact Assessment Authority

(DEIAA).

Land Use Pattern: For construction of new integrated terminal building and associated

works at Guwahati Airport, total 90000 sqm land is required, which is already available

within the airport. The land use pattern of the land used for construction of new

integrated terminal building and associated works, will be changed permanently,

however this impact will be localized.

Mitigation Measures

• Land clearing for construction site will be kept to the absolutely minimum practicable;

• The filling and cutting of soil would be kept minimum; and

• Construction debris and waste generated during construction activities will be

collected and disposed in environmental sound manner as per applicable rules

depending upon type of wastes.

Water Resources and Water Quality: During the construction phase of the

construction of new integrated terminal building and other associated work at Guwahati

Airport, approx 300 kl/day water will be required depending upon the type of construction

activities. The water requirement will be met through existing deep bore well. Total water

requirement at Guwahati Airport after proposed new integrated terminal building is

estimated as 1010 kld (Fresh Water 710 kld), which includes water for HVAC, CFT,

green belt purposes. Waste water generated from airport will be treated in Sewage

Treatment Plant (STP) and reused for HVAC, flushing, greenery development.

Mitigation Measures

• Continuous efforts will be made to reduce water consumption using less water

required cisterns ;

• Water efficient urinal and toilets will be provided in new integrated terminal building.

• Efforts will be made to stop wastage and leakage of water;

• Sewage and domestic waste water will be treated in MBR based Sewage Treatment

Plant

• Reused treated waste water in HVAC, flushing, greenery and landscaping



Soils: Approx 3100 kg per day solid waste will be generated during operation of the new

terminal building at Guwahati airport, which is collected, segregated and managed by

external agency for disposal as per Solid Waste Management Rule, 2016. Hence, the

impact on the soil will be insignificant as an organized solid waste collection and

disposal practices exist at the Guwahati Airport.

Mitigation Measures

• Agency will be hired for disposal of solid wastes as per the provisions of the Solid

Waste Management Rule, 2016;

• Solid waste generated from the airport is transported in close containers;

• Used lubricating waste oil and oil contaminated clothes etc is collected separately in

containers and is sold to authorized recyclers as per CPCB/ Pollution Control Board,

Assam (ASPCB) guidelines.

Ambient Air Quality: During the operational phase of the new terminal building at

Guwahati Airport, the intermittent air emissions are generated from aircraft engines

during approach, landing, taxiing, take-off and initial climb, which is termed as reference

Landing and Take-off Cycle (LTO cycle). For power back up, there will be 6 DG sets of

2000 KVA capacity each will be available, which will be sufficient for new terminal

building and associated facilities. Vehicular emissions will also be generated from the

operation of vehicular traffic at the new integrated terminal building as ground support

vehicles, passengers’ pickup and dropping vehicles. Exhaust emissions comprising NO2,

SO2, PM, CO, HC, etc will be generated from aircraft, DG sets and vehicular emissions.

Mitigation Measures

• Compliance of all standards prescribed by the ICAO during operation of aircrafts by

preventive maintenance and monitoring;

• 30 m high chimney for DG sets will be provided as per the CPCB guidelines;

• Proper traffic management plan will be prepared to ensue that there is no traffic

congestion at in front of new terminal building. It will help in reduction of vehicular

emissions from the airport.

• Ground vehicles at the airport will be maintained and have a “Pollution Under

Control” certificate;

• Development of greenery and landscaping at the airport for improving ambient air

quality.

Noise Levels: The new integrated terminal building at Guwahati Airport will be sound

proof. DG sets room will be acoustically treated to control noise levels.



Mitigation Measures

• The compliance of all standards prescribed by the ICAO during operation of aircrafts

by preventive maintenance and monitoring,

• Proper traffic management will be prepared to ensue that there is no traffic

congestion at the airport. It helps in reduction of vehicular noise emissions from the

airport,

• DG sets will be provided with acoustic enclosure as per CPCB guidelines,

• Green belt, landscaping and boundary at the airport act as barrier for noise;

• Monitoring of ambient air quality/source emission will be carried out as per

monitoring plan.

Terrestrial Ecology: Greenery and landscaping will be developed at the new integrated

terminal building. For irrigation of green belt, treated waste water from STP and

accumulated rainwater will be available and used. This will have positive and long term

beneficial impact on terrestrial ecology of the area.

Impacts of the Project on the Deepor Beel

Deepore Beel Bird Sanctuary, a Ramsar Site is located at a distance of 3 km from the

project site of integrated terminal building. The Deepore Beel Bird Sanctuary is not

located in funnel area of runway of Guwahati Airport. Noise modelling carried for existing

airport, indicate that impact of aircraft noise from aircraft operation on the Deepore Beel

Bird Sanctuary is negligible.

Action Plans/Mitigation Measures 1. Landscaping and green belt will be developed towards Deepore Beel Bird Sanctuary.

2. Solid Waste Generated from new integrated terminal building will be collected, segregated and disposed in designated site as per Solid Waste Management Rule 2016.

3. Sewage generated from the integrated terminal building will be treated in Sewage Treatment Plant and reused for horticulture and flushing.

4. Recommendations of Chief Wildlife Warden will be implemented. Socio-Economic Environment: During construction and operation phase new

integrated terminal building at Guwahati Airport will open additional direct and indirect

job opportunities in the area and region. Further, it will attract more and more tourist,

commercial and developmental activities in the area. Therefore, positive impacts are

anticipated on socio-economic environment during new integrated terminal building at

Guwahati Airport.



Employment and Economic Growth - The construction of new integrated terminal

building at Guwahati Airport will result in a boost in tourism, commercial activities in the

region. This will improve direct and indirect employment opportunities, revenue

generation, commercial and industrial activities; therefore, resulting in positive impact on

the employment and economic growth of the region.

0.5 Analysis of Alternatives

During design, construction and operation of new integrated terminal building at

Guwahati Airport necessary measures will be taken for conservation of energy in line

with “Energy Conservation Building Code–2017” and “National Building Code 2016”. The

important energy conservation measures proposed for new terminal building are

described below:

• Airport Terminal building will be designed and constructed for GRIHA Rating 4 star,

• Use of Energy Efficient building material & glass,

• Use of LED lamps instead of GLS lamps,

• Use of Solar Backed up Light Emitting Diode Lamps instead of par lamps,

• Energy efficient HVAC system,

• Solar passive techniques for terminal building,

• Use of 5 star BEE energy efficiency rating electrical equipments,

• Microprocessor-based Building Management System (BMS) will be installed for

minimization of energy consumption,

• Automatic lighting on/ off control system will be provided in the airport area for

optimum utilization of energy.

It is proposed that 5400 KW solar power generation plant will be established at the

airport to produce clean energy. By adopting above measures more than 30% energy

will be saved.

0.6 Environmental Monitoring Plan

To ensure the effective implementation of the mitigation measures and environmental

management plan during construction and operation phases of the new integrated

terminal building at Guwahati Airport, environmental monitoring plan have been

prepared for ambient air quality, water quality, soil characteristics and noise monitoring.

Suitable mitigation measures will be taken in case of monitored parameters are

exceeding the stipulated limits.

0.7 Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan

Hazard occurrence at the new integrated terminal building at Guwahati Airport may

result in on-site implications, like, fire at the storage of HSD for DG sets followed by fire,



bomb threat at terminal building, cargo terminal & aircraft and natural calamities like,

earthquake, flood, etc. Other incidents, which can also result in a disaster at the

Guwahati airport are agitation/forced entry by external group of people, sabotage, air

raids; and aircraft crash while landing or take-off.

Disaster management plan has been prepared comprising key functions of Airport

operator, other supporting organizations/agencies/services for response during

emergency at the new integrated terminal building at Guwahati Airport.

0.8 Project Benefits

The direct and indirect benefits of the construction of new integrated terminal building at

Guwahati Airport are as follows:

� Batter infrastructure facilities passenger at new terminal building,

� Decongestion at terminal building with more space and comfort,

� More parking faculties for Aircrafts and safe taxiing,

� Increase in regional economy as it will boost tourism and commercial activities in the

region.

� Generation of more revenue to the state, hence more development of the region.

� Boost in tourism and more people to travel in the state

� Employment opportunity to people.

� More business and industrial opportunities

0.9 Environmental Management Plan

The Airports Authority of India will be responsible for the implementation of mitigation

measures identified in Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for construction and

operation phases of the new integrated terminal building at Guwahati Airport. There will

be Environmental Management Cell (EMC) at new integrated terminal building at

Guwahati Airport to look after day to day basis implementation of mitigation measures

for construction and operation phases.

Budget for Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan Total budget of Rs 5.27 Crores has been kept for implementation of environmental

management plan during construction and operation phases of new integrated terminal

building and associated facilities. Total budget of Rs 0.11 Crore has been kept for

environmental monitoring during construction and operation phases.

CHAPTERS


India Introduction

ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited 1-1

CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Preamble

The present Guwahati Airport was established in year 1958. Initially it was

maintained and operated by CPWD, in later which was handed over to National

Airports Authority of Indian (NAAI) now known as Airports Authority of India (AAI),

after merger of NAAI and AAI in the year 1995 for maintaining and operations of the

existing airports. In 1989, its Air Traffic Control Tower (ATC) was built up along with

expansion of existing terminal building which was commissioned in the year 1993-

1994. Since then only minor modifications were executed in order to cope up with

passenger inflow increase and now presently Guwahati Airport is functioning as a

Gateway of entire North East part of India.

Guwahati Airport, one of the major airport in India and in North East Region is

situated in the state of Assam, belongs to AAI Operators like Air India, Jet Airways,

Spice Jet, Indigo, Go Air, Vistara, Air Asia India and Pawan Hans Helicopters are

presently operating with 75 flights movements per day and 528 flights in a week. The

Airport is an International Airport being developed as inter‐region hub and suitable

for operation of B‐767/A‐310 type of aircraft.

The existing terminal building at Guwahati Airport is capable to handle 850 pax (425

arriving + 425 departing) at a time. The existing terminal building at Guwahati has

saturated. In view of the future traffic growth at Guwahati Airport, there is a

requirement of construction of New Integrated Terminal Building at the available land

within the airport premises.

Airports Authority of India (AAI) has planned centrally air-conditioned New Integrated

Terminal Building of modular design with all modern facilities and associated facilities

like multilevel car parking. The Integrated Terminal Building with area of 90000 sqm

(excluding Service area as per requirement in Basement covering area of 7500 sqm)

have been designed for 2900 Domestic and 200 International passengers at a time

with the recommended area specifications and to match the level of service “B” as

per IATA recommendations in initial years & finally to match level of service ʺCʺ in

year of saturation. The building should be provided with aesthetically appealing and

soothing interior decoration matching the modern structure. Space planning should

ensure that no dead Space/ Area is created in the building.

Environment plays a vital role in overall development of the country. Recognizing the

importance of environmental protection and sustainable development, the Ministry of


India Introduction


Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Government of India had

formulated policies and procedures governing the industrial and other developmental

activities to prevent indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources and promote

integration of environmental concern in developmental projects. To assess and

evaluate potential environmental impacts during design, construction & operation

phases and to suggest mitigation measures with detailed environmental

management plan, environmental impact assessment study has been conducted for

the project as per approved TOR of Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate

Change.

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) has made

prior environmental clearance (EC) for Airport projects mandatory through its

notification issued on 14th September 2006 and as amended on 1st December 2009.

During 9th meeting of Expert Appraisal Committee (Infra-2) for “Projects related to All

ship breaking yard including ship breaking unit, Airport, Common Hazardous Waste

Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities, Ports and Harbours, Aerial Ropeways,

CETPs, Common Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility, Building/Construction

Project, Townships and Area Development projects held on 21st – 22nd September,

2016, the project was considered and TOR was finalised vide letter Dated 26

October, 2016. EIA & EMP report has been prepared as per TOR approved by

MoEF&CC.

The compliance of TOR is given in the beginning of EIA Report.

1.2 Importance and benefits of the project

The existing terminal building at Guwahati has saturated. In view of the future traffic

growth at Guwahati Airport, there is an urgent requirement of construction of New

Integrated Terminal Building at the available land within the Guwahati airport

premises.

The direct and indirect benefits of the New Integrated Terminal Building at Guwahati

Airport are as follows:

� Batter infrastructure facilities for passengers

� Promotion of tourism, trade, commerce, etc

� Increase in regional economy as it will boost tourism and commercial activities in

the region.

� Generation of more revenue to the state, hence more development of the region.

� More employment opportunity to people.

� More business and industrial opportunities


India Introduction


1.3 Need and Process of Environmental Clearance

As per the EIA notification of 14th September 2006 and its amendment dated 1st

December 2009, airport projects are divided into two categories as mentioned below:

Category with threshold limit Conditions if any Project or

Activity A B

(a) ( (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

7(a) Airports

All projects

including airstrip,

which are for

commercial use”;

- Note:

Air strips which do not involve

bunkering/ refueling facility and

or Air Traffic Control, are

exempted.”

Flow-chart depicting stage to obtain the prior environmental clearance for proposed

project are presented in Figure 1.1:

Figure 1.1: Stages to obtain the Prior Environmental Clearance


India Introduction


1.4 Regulatory Compliance Requirement

The operational and geographic impacts associated with airport development and

operations are covered by policy drives (both strategies and legislation) at global,

regional and national levels.

The International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), which oversees the level and

direction of effort involved in addressing the environmental impact of the sector, also

deals with the emissions from aircraft.

The ICAO agenda is focussed on the Committee of Aviation Environmental

Protection (CAEP), whose 18 member states make recommendations through five

groups:

• Working Group 1: reducing noise (noise stringency limits engines);

• Working Group 2: land use planning and management, operating restrictions and

other issues associated with noise such as modelling;

• Working Group 3: reducing emissions at source (emission limits);

• Working Group 4: operational mechanism for reducing aviation emissions;

• Working Group 5: market based options (legal & administrative issues

surrounding emissions permit trading, environmental charges and voluntary

agreements as a means to limit or reduce emissions)

The work of the CAEP is more technical in nature. The process of securing

consensus in ICAO is lengthy, not least because membership is voluntary. Though

the members are responsible for enacting certain standards and practices, they are

not legally bound to do so. They are only honour bound to implement the resolution

on environmental policies and practices.

India being one of the member states of ICAO, implements the resolution on

environmental policies and practices adopted by ICAO through Director General of

Civil Aviation (DGCA), under Ministry of Civil Aviation, GOI at national level to

mitigate the operational impact associated with aviation at airports.

It ensures that environmental concerns are strategically integrated into air transport

policy by improving technical environmental standards on noise and gaseous

emissions; advancing long term technology improvements; inspecting aerodrome site

for issuing aeronautical clearance; improving the air traffic management and

promoting flight safety environment at airports.


India Introduction


1.5 Terms of Reference (TOR)

During 9th meeting of Expert Appraisal Committee (Infra-2) for “Projects related to All

ship breaking yard including ship breaking unit, Airport, Common Hazardous Waste

Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities, Ports and Harbours, Aerial Ropeways,

CETPs, Common Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility, Building/Construction

Project, Townships and Area Development projects” held on 21st – 22nd September,

2016, the project was considered and TOR was finalised given vide letter dated 26

October 2016. EIA & EMP report has been prepared as per TOR approved by MOEF

& CC. The compliance of TOR is given in the beginning of EIA Report.

i. Importance and benefits of the project.

ii. A separate chapter on status of compliance of Environmental Conditions granted

by State/Centre to be provided. As per circular dated 30th May, 2012 issued by

MoEF, a certified report by Regional Office, MoEF&CC on status of compliance of

conditions on existing unit to be provided in EIA-EMP report.

iii. Copy of consent to establish and consent to operate for the existing airport

facilities.

iv. A toposheet of the study area of radius of 10km and site location on

1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco-sensitive areas

and environmentally sensitive places).

v. Copy of application submitted for clearance from NBWL.

vi. The EIA should also address to the impacts of the project on the Deepor Beel

which was described as a Ramsar Site. It should also suggest as to how does the

project relate to and conform to requirements and action plans of the Ramsar

Convention.

vii. Layout maps of proposed project indicating runway, airport building, parking,

greenbelt area, utilities etc.

viii. Cost of project and time of completion. Justification for spending Rs. 913 Crore

on the project.

ix. A note on appropriate process and materials to be used to encourage reduction

in carbon foot print. Optimize use of energy systems in buildings that should

maintain a specified indoor environment conducive to the functional requirements

of the building by following mandatory compliance measures (for all applicable

buildings) as recommended in the Energy conservation building code (ECBC)

2007 of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Government of India. The energy

system includes air conditioning systems, indoor lighting systems, water heaters,

air heaters and air circulation devices.

x. Details of emission, effluents, solid waste and hazardous waste generation and

their management. Air quality modelling and noise modelling shall be carried out

for the emissions from various types of aircraft.

xi. Classify all Cargo handled as perishable, explosive, solid, petroleum products,

Hazardous Waste, Hazardous Chemical, Potential Air Pollutant, Potential Water

Pollutant etc. and put up a handling and disposal management plan.


India Introduction


xii. Noise monitoring shall be carried out in the funnel area of flight path.

xiii. Requirement of water, power, with source of supply, status of approval, water

balance diagram, man-power requirement (regular and contract)

xiv. The EIA should specifically address to vehicular traffic management as well as

estimation of vehicular parking area.

xv. Details of fuel tank farm and its risk assessment.

xvi. Public hearing to be conducted and issues raised and commitments made by the

project proponent on the same should be included in EIA/EMP Report in the form

of tabular chart with financial budget for complying with the commitments made.

xvii. Any litigation pending against the project and/or any direction/order passed by

any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included.

Has the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of Environment (Protection)

Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and

compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case.

xviii. A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of above TORs.

1.5.1 Location of Guwahati Airport

Guwahati Airport, one of the major airports of North East Region is located about 15

km in East -North East Direction from the main Guwahati city. The Reference point of

Existing Guwahati Airport is 26o6'22" N and 91o35'09" E. The index map of Guwahati

Airport is shown on Figure 1.2.

1.5.2 Geographical Conditions of the Study Area

The 10 km radius study area has been considered for environmental impact

assessment studies. The 10 km radius study area around Guwahati airport on

Google map is shown in Figure 1.3. The locations of various important locations are

given below:

Brahamputra River : 4 Km in North Direction

Deepor Beel Bird Sanctuary : 3 Km in NNE Direction

Forest Patches/Hillocks : 4 Km in South East Direction

National Highway - 37 : 0.9 Km in East Direction

Survey of India Toposheets for the project area are restrict for photocopy and

reproduction. Therefore, 10 Km study area based on SOI Toposheets has been

prepared and shown in Figure 1.4. Deepor Beel Bird Sanctuary is located at a

distance of 3 km from the project site.

EIA for Construction of New Integrated Terminal Building at LGBI Airport, Guwahati by Airports Authority of India Introduction


Figure 1.2: Index Map of Guwahati Airport


India Introduction


Figure 1.3: 10 Km Study Area on Google for Guwahati Airport


India Introduction


1.6 Structure of Environmental Impact Assessment Report

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report has been prepared as per

format described in the EIA Notification 2006 and the structure of EIA report is given

below. The EIA report has been divided into 10 Chapters which area presented as

follows:

Compliance of TOR

Executive Summary: Executive Summary given in the beginning of the report,

Chapter 1: Introduction

This chapter provides background information, details of the environmental clearance

process, brief details and locations of the project, geographical settings of the area.

The terms of reference for preparation of EIA and structure of EIA report have also

been described in this chapter.

Figure 1.4: 10 Km Study Area based on SOI Top Sheets


India Introduction


Chapter 2: Description of the Project

This chapter deals need for the project, project location, project layout, terminal

buildings, utilities and services, power requirements, parking facilities, water

requirement and sources, drainage and sewage disposal system, storm water

drainage system, horticulture and landscaping, energy conservation measures, the

project implementation schedule, estimated cost of development, etc.

Chapter 3: Description of the Environment

This chapter presents existing environmental conditions of the 10 km radius study

area around the site including topography, geological, drainage pattern, water

environment, climate & meteorology, ambient air quality, noise levels, flora & fauna,

socio-economic conditions, etc.

Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures

This chapter describes the anticipated impact on the environment and mitigation

measures for project. The method of assessment of impact including studies carried

out, modeling techniques adopted to assess the impact where pertinent have been

elaborated in this chapter. It gives the details of the impact on the baseline

parameters, both during the construction and operational phases and suggests the

mitigation measures to be implemented by the proponent. It also describes the

overall both-direct and indirect, reversible and irreversible impacts of the proposed

activities on different environmental parameters on different environmental

parameters during construction and post construction phase and underscores the

areas of concern, which need mitigation measures.

Chapter 5: Analysis of Alternatives

This chapter examines alternative means for proposed project involves description of

each alternative, summary of adverse impacts of each alternative, mitigation

measures proposed for each alternative and selection of best alternative.


India Introduction


Chapter 6: Environmental Monitoring Plan

This chapter describes environmental monitoring plan (EMP) for the project during

construction and operation phases.

Chapter 7: Additional Studies (Risk Analysis and Disaster Management Plan)

This chapter spelled out hazard identification, risk analysis and disaster management

plan for an unlikely event of emergency at new integrated terminal building of

Guwahati Airport.

Chapter 8: Project Benefits

This chapter includes the benefits in terms of improvement in physical infrastructure,

social infrastructure, employment potential, etc.

Chapter 9: Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

This chapter describes environmental management plan to mitigate adverse

environmental impacts and to strengthen beneficial impacts.

Chapter 10: Disclosure of Consultant engaged

This chapter comprises the name of consultants engaged with their brief resume and

nature of consultancy rendered.


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Annexure 1


India Introduction



India Description of Project


CHAPTER 2

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

2.1 Introduction

Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport, also known as Guwahati

International Airport, is the biggest and busiest international airport in all of North-

Eastern India. It is located at Borjhar, about 29 km from the city of Guwahati. It

connects an important far eastern city to one of the most beautiful and scenic regions

of India-the North East. In addition, it also has regular connectivity with the South

East Asia with twice a week flights connecting Bangkok with the region. Operators

like Air India, Jet Airways, Spice Jet, Indigo, Go Air, Vistara, Air Asia India and

Pawan Hans Helicopters are presently operating with 75 flights movements per day

and 528 flights in a week. The Airport is an International Airport being developed as

inter-region hub and suitable for operation of B-767/A-310 type of aircraft.

The existing terminal building is capable to handle 850 pax (425 arriving + 425

departing) at a time. The major facilities available at the Guwahati Airport are:

Major Facilities Available

a) Runway of dimension 3103m x 45m

b) Apron to park 12 nos. A‐321, 7 nos. ATR‐72 and 1 no. ʹBʹ type aircraft at a

time.

c) Terminal Building to handle 850 pax (425 arriving + 425 departing) at a time.

d) NAV/Comm. Aids like ILS, DVOR, DME, NDB, VHF.

e) ATC Control Tower cum Technical Block and Fire Station of CAT‐VII.

f) Night Landing Facilities.

2.2 Land Available at the Airport

The existing Guwahati airport covers 528.225 Acres. No additional land will be

acquired for the proposed project. The master plan of Guwahati Airport is shown in

Figure 2.1.

2.3 Projections for Domestic Passenger Traffic at Guwahati Airport

A consolidation of the growth rates in the domestic and international passenger and

cargo traffic shows the CAGR percentages. The steady growth is observed

passenger movement and also for the Aircraft movement but the growth of




International Cargo has developed negative growth while the steady growth is

observed for Domestic cargo.

Figure 2.1: Master Plan for Guwahati Airport




The projections for domestic Passenger Traffic at Guwahati Airport are given in

Table 2.1. The projections for International Passenger Traffic at Guwahati Airport are

given in Table 2.2.

Table 2.1: Projections for Domestic Passenger Traffic at Guwahati Airport Period Most probable

Domestic

Passenger

Optimistic

Domestic

Passenger

Pessimistic

Domestic

Passenger

2016-17 3759494

2021-22 6052785 6203165 5977595

2026-27 9744984 10235222 9504377

2031 -32 15689425 16888117 15111959

CAGR over next

15 year period

10.7% 11.3% 10.4%

Table 2.2: Projections for International Passenger Traffic at Guwahati Airport

Period Most probable

Domestic

Passenger

Optimistic

Domestic

Passenger

Pessimistic

Domestic

Passenger

2016-17 3759494

2021-22 46751 48259 45243

2026-27 72464 77215 67865

2031 -32 112320 123544 101797

CAGR over next

30 year period

9.8% 10.6% 9.1%

2.4 Proposed Development at the Existing Airport

The passenger handling capacity existing terminal building has already saturated. In

view of the future traffic growth at Guwahati Airport, there is a requirement of

construction of new integrated terminal building on turn key basis. The scope of work

for proposed integrated terminal building.

A. New Integrated Terminal Building conforming to GRIHA 4 Star Rating

Civil Works

(i) Construction of centrally air-conditioned New Integrated Terminal Building of

modular design with all modern facilities and amenities as per the layout plan

enclosed. The Integrated Terminal Building with area of 90000 sqm (excluding

Service area as per requirement in Basement covering area of 7500 sqm) shall be




designed for 2900 Domestic and 200 International passengers at a time with the

recommended area specifications and to match the level of service “B” as per IATA

recommendations in initial years & finally to match level of service ʺCʺ in year of

saturation. The building should be provided with aesthetically appealing and soothing

interior decoration matching the modern structure. Space planning should ensure

that no dead Space/ Area is created in the building.

(ii) Departure area, Arrival area, Security Hold area and Concourse area are to be

provided with adequate nos. of toilets for gents, ladies and differently‐abled persons

along with drinking water facility. Suitable number of ramps to be provided for entry

and exit of differently‐abled persons in Departure and Arrival area. Provision of

battery operated buggies for senior citizens / differently‐abled persons as per

requirement.

(iii) The design of Terminal building to include Media planning, Retail Area planning,

F & B plan, etc. Overall planning of Building to capture local architectural features

and it to be part of design features of Terminal. The design should include the

required arrangement for its regular maintenance so as to make it in-built part of

execution. Solar power generation viz Solar lighting, Solar roofing system, etc shall

be provided. Maintenance friendly roofing & building façade system including

provision of regular cleaning with maintenance hoists, hooks, etc including cat walk /

rope suspended platform / gondola etc. to be provided.

(iv) Departure Area - The terminal building with provision for departure concourse,

check-in area with adequate number of check-in counters, immigration counters,

baggage conveyor belts, queuing space, segregation railing, back-up offices for

Airlines, facilitation counters, weighing machines, counters etc.

(v) Security Hold area

a) Security Hold area with adequate seating arrangements and separate security

check and holding area and associated facilities.

b) The passenger frisking area in security hold with adequate space for locating

required number of DFMDs, X‐ray machines, frisking platforms, Inspection

Tables for manual checking of hand baggage and adequate space / room for

security staff, isolated smoking area etc.

c) Additional Security Hold should be provided in the mezzanine floor to facilitate

holding near the gates provided with aerobridges.

(vi) Duty Free/Retail Area Creation of Retail Islands/ Shops without affecting the

passenger movement.




(vii) Food & Beverage Area

(viii) Arrival Area / Baggage Claim Area

a) In the ground floor Baggage Claim area, adequate number of baggage conveyor

belts of adequate size should be provided.

b) Adequate space should be provided in the ground floor for required number of

immigration & custom counters and back up offices, Money Exchanger counters,

Bank, space for storing of baggage trolleys, space for storage of mishandled

baggage for airlines, segregation railing and associated passenger amenities.

(ix) Common Concourse Area

a) Provision for Snack Bar counter, Travel Requisite, Pharmaceutical shops,

Airlines offices & ticket selling counters, ATM / Bank counters etc., Meet and

Greet area, First Aid room, Facilitation counters, caretaker room with store,

Airport Terminal Manager office, Conference Room and other facilities at

suitable locations.

(x) Airport Director’s office with associated office space, staff canteen, Engineering

office, Toilets for staff etc to be provided in the lower ground floor.

(xi) Construction of multilevel car park with all amenities for at least 1500 cars and

surface parking for VIP cars & 10 buses, Separate car / scooter park area for

AAI and airlines staff at appropriate location. Multilevel Car Parking should be

made for retailer in car parking area & it should be developed on Built &

Operate System and shall include its space planning and model for its

operations.

(xii) Development of four‐lane vehicular road from Terminal Building / Car parking

with canopy covering two lanes in front of the Terminal Building on the city side

and connecting the main approach road to the city.

(xiii) Provision of VIP/CIP lounges, with adequate number of chairs, furniture,

furnishings etc in the Departure Lounge, Common Concourse, Check‐in area,

Security Hold area and Arrival Lounge.

(xiv) Provision of water supply pumping arrangement system, Water Filtration,

water cooler & R.O/U.V. Filters, Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) & Effluent

Treatment Plant (ETP) as per norms and as per site conditions.




(xv) Horticulture‐landscaping, drainage system, water supply, Rain Water

Harvesting etc.

(xvi) Driver’s canteen and toilet facility on the city side.

(xvii) Sub-station, A/C plant room and related service facilities. Provision to be made

for the AC Plant Room vertical through AHU rooms, backup Generators for

essential services, etc. in the lower ground floor.

(xviii) Provision of acoustics for effective functioning of PA system.

(xix) Providing city side compound wall depicting local architecture and with proper

gates.

Electrical Works

a) Internal and external electrification for Terminal Building Complex, associated

buildings, Car Park and roads.

b) Augmentation of main power supply, Substation Equipments, DG Sets for

Secondary Power supply and associated ancillary buildings.

c) Central air-conditioning with provision of vertical air-conditioning concept & BMS.

d) Provision of conveyor belts with In-line X-ray inspection System and other

equipment at departure area and at least three inclined Carousels at Arrival hall.

e) Fire detection, alarm and protection system with Fire Control Room.

f) Provision of automatic sliding doors at exit & entry points of Terminal Building.

g) Escalators & Elevators with matching staircase.

h) Provision of five Passenger Boarding Bridges (PBB) or as required as per design

attached to fixed finger rotunda for the specified parking stands.

i) Provision of adequate number of Signages of world class standard, inside and

outside the terminal building, car park area & City side approach road and air side

area for guidance of passengers and visitors.

Airports Systems

i) Public address system and car calling system.

ii) Surveillance Close circuit TV system (SCCTV) and provision of adequate number

of close circuit TV monitors, in the Security Control Room, Terminal Manager

Room, APD Office etc.

iii) Provision of Flight Information Display System (FIDS) with adequate number of

Display Devices in departure, arrival and security hold area for passenger

facilitation.




iv) Provision of adequate number of X‐ray machines for scanning Registered

Baggage (RB)/ Hand Baggage (HB), including provision of required number of

ETDs, DFMDs and HHMDs, as per BCAS norms.

v) Provision of adequate no. of VHF FM Sets (Walkie‐Talkie, Base Stations and

Mobile Stations).

vi) Provision of Telephone Exchange / digital EPABX/ IP EPABX system for Terminal

Building including telephone/ intercom instruments, wiring etc.

IT Systems

i) Passive and Active networking components such as OFC, UTP cabling, Routers,

Core & Access switches and accessories. Provision of raceways, Cable trays and

Conduiting and Cabling.

ii) Server room and adequate space for keeping network switches along with

electrical power points and UPS.

iii) Access Control System as per BCAS requirement.

iv) Provision of Internet, VPN bandwidth, Wi‐Fi system.

Commercial Works

i) Provision of CUTE and CUSS Systems.

2.5 New Integrated Terminal Building

2.5.1 Design Thought

Our design is about triggering moments of discovery, togetherness, connections and

infusing it with the flavors of the land that this airport finds itself in. Assam, the land

which is Assam (undulating) and in the city which owes its identity to Kamakhya Devi

and Brahmaputra. The tribute to these two is manifested in the entry feature at the

airport entrance, two symbolic temple forms surrounded and immersed within the

mighty Brahmaputra.

2.5.2 Inspiration of Form

Inspired by Icarus, the mythological figure who is one of the earliest inspirations of

human flight. The airport roof is styled using the art of Origami, the design is an ode

to human endeavor, crafts and innovation. The facade shall reflect the same

language of origami in certain parts owing to the need of solid wall surfaces




2.5.3 Salient Design Interventions

• Indoor rain forest: an experience of a “touch and feel” forest which visually

extends to an outdoor forest

• Crafts village : an immersive experience of the artisanship and culture of the

“Seven Sisters”

• Local art walls: a canvas for the Guwahati artists to showcase their art on a

rotational basis, almost like Graffiti walls.

Figure 2.2: Design Concepts for New Integrated Terminal Building




2.5.4 Facilities at the Proposed Integrated Terminal Building

The Integrated Terminal Building with area of 90000 sqm (excluding Service area as

per requirement in Basement covering 7500 sqm area) shall be designed for 2900

Domestic and 200 International passengers at a time with the recommended area

specifications and to match the level of service “B” as per IATA recommendations in

initial years & finally to match level of service ʺCʺ in year of saturation.

The area statement for new integrated terminal building is given in Table 2.3:

Table 2.3: Area Statement for New Integrated Terminal Building

Area Concern Area (Sq. m.)

Departure (+10m Lvl)

Departure Hall 10407

Emigration 218

Security 2829

Cores 594

Toilets 664

MEP 695

Office 1703

Circulation 6166

VIP/CIP Lounge 305

Gate Lounge 7993

Retail 2786

Sub Total 34,360

Mezzanine (+15m Lvl)

Retail 7810

CIP 3580

Cores 317

Toilets 278

MEP 164

Circulation 1210

Sub Total 13,359

Mezzanine (+5.8m Lvl)

Arrival Hall 1518

Baggage Handling Area 3036

Arrival Circulation 4507

Toilets 278

MEP 164




Area Concern Area (Sq. m.)

Cores 597

Transit Lounge 835

Sub Total 10,935

Arrival (+0m Lvl)

Baggage Claim Hall 5615

Baggage Handling Area 5640

Arrival Hall 7651

Departure Gate Lounge 992

Retail/F &B) 4464

Office 1825

Immigration 530

Customs 355

Circulation 2056

Cores 594

Toilets 560

MEP 793

Subtotal 31,075

Grand Total 89,729

Total Retail / F&B 15060

Total CIP Lounges 3885

Note: Total 89729 Sq. m build up does not include basement of 7500 sqm

area

The site plan for departure side for New Integrated Terminal Building is given in

Figure 2.3. The site plan for retail/F&B departure side for New Integrated Terminal

Building is given in Figure 2.4. The site plan for arrival Side for New Integrated

Terminal Building is given in Figure 2.5. The isometric view of new integrated

Terminal Building is given in Table 2.6.

2.5.5 Cutting & Filling

New terminal building, at Guwahati Airport will be above ground. However, 5 m deep

basement covering an area 7500 sqm will be constructed. For construction of the

proposed facilities at the Guwahati Airport, tentatively 100000 cum filling will be

required.

Approx 50000 cum earth excavated from construction of 7500 sqm size

basement will be used filling at airport site. Additional earth will be procured

from approved quarry.

EIA for Construction of New Integrated Terminal Building at LGBI Airport, Guwahati by Airports Authority of India

Description of Project


Figure 2.3 : Site Plan for Departure Side for New Integrated Terminal Building




Figure 2.4 : Site Plan for Retail/F&B Departure Side for New Integrated Terminal Building




Figure 2.5 : Site Plan for Arrival Side for New Integrated Terminal Building




Figure 2.6 : Isometric View of New Integrated Terminal Building




2.5.6 Parking Facilities and Traffic Management Plan

The car park with all amenities will be provided for at least 1500 cars and surface

parking for VIP cars & 10 buses. There will be separate car / scooter park area for

AAI and airlines staff at appropriate location. Multilevel Car Parking shall be made for

retailer in car parking area and it will be developed on Built & Operate System and

shall include its space planning and model for its operations.

2.6 Power Requirement

The total estimated electrical demand load of the new terminal is approximately 7.5

MW, which shall be supplied at 33 KV as per Assam Electricity Board and 2 no (1

Working and 1 Standby) power transformers 33/11 KV each 10 MVA capacity.

Further, reduction in Voltage from 11 KV to 415 Volts shall be done by distribution

transformers at basement of Terminal Building and Utility block to reduce the capital

and operating cost with less voltage drop. Provision of 100% emergency back up by

DG sets of 6 no each 2000 kVA being provided.

2.7 HVAC

All air conditioning equipment installed in the project shall operate on environment

friendly HFC refrigerants with latest state of the art technology and meeting highest

energy efficiency criterion. Central Airconditioning plant is proposed and total

estimated air-conditioned load is 3300 TR after diversity. Microprocessor based

control system (BMS) will also be installed at the Airport.

Energy Conservation Features - Air – conditioning & ventilation system design

shall be equipped with energy conservation features to reduce overall energy

demand of the building and minimize operating costs. The some of the features are

as follows:

a) High COP (Low IKW / TR) Water chilling machines.

b) Secondary variable speed pumping system for chilled water distribution system.

c) Energy efficient motors for AHUs and for ventilation fans.

d) Selection of high efficiency fans for air handling units and ventilation system.

e) Variable speed drive on selected AHU’s and large ventilation fans with large motor rating.

f) Indoor air quality sensors (CO2 sensors) to modulate the fresh air quantity entering in AHU room through the use of motorized damper.




g) Cooling tower selection for minimum drift and noise level with energy efficient motors.

h) Heat recovery wheels for pre cooling outdoor air by using the waste exhaust air

from toilet & pantry etc. This ensures reduced energy consumption despite higher

outdoor air intake.

Air conditioning load estimation for the proposed integrated terminal building are

given in Table 2.4:

Table 2.4: AC Load Estimation for Proposed Integrated Terminal Building

S. No. Description Area (Sqft) TR

ARRIVAL (+ 0 m Lvl)

1 Baggage handling area 50236 167

2 Baggage Claim Hall 60009 300

3 Arrival Halls 82226 274

4 Retail 48793 195

5 Office 11539 46

6 Immigration 5791 19

7 Customs 3444 11

8 Circulation 29278 98

9 MEP + toilets+ cores 43185 173

Sub Total 334502 1284

MEZZANINE (+ 5m Lvl)

1 Arrival Hall 32475 108

2 Baggage handling area 31216 104

3 Arrival Circulation 41162 137

4 MEP + toilets 9623 38

5 Office 3229 13

Sub Total 117704 401

DEPARTURE (+ 10m Lvl)

1 Departure Hall 103367 345

2 Emigration 2433 10

3 Security 30301 121

4 BOH + MEP + toilets+ Cores 33315 133

5 Office 15070 60


7 Gate Lounge 129071 645

8 Retail 41980 168

Sub Total 369851 1540

MEZZANINE (+ 15m Lvl)

1 Retail 90924 455

2 CIP Balcony 33885 169

3 BOH + MEP + toilets 12153 49




S. No. Description Area (Sqft) TR


Sub Total 143796 700

Total Air Conditioning Load 3925

Total Diversified Air Conditioning Load @ 85% 3336

Say 3300

Water Cooled Centrifugal Chillers selected of 1100 TR x 4 No. (3W + 1SB)

Air Conditioning System Description details are given below:

2.7.1 AC Equipment The AC plant room is located in the utility block near to terminal building; chilled

water headers will travel in the main service tunnel and reach to the terminal building

from where chilled water pipes will rise to individual floors to cater the air conditioning

loads.

The proposed air conditioning system shall consist of:

• Water cooled Centrifugal chilling Machines at 11kV.

• Primary & secondary chilled water pumps.

• Condenser water pumps.

• Air handling units.

• Heat recovery units.

• Fan coil units.

• VAV boxes.

• Chilled / condenser water piping with valves to be installed in the service tunnel.

• Air distribution system with grilles, diffusers, jet diffusers, jet nozzles, drum

louvers, slot diffusers etc. as per architect or interior designer intent.

• Electrical panel, wiring, control wiring and earthing.

2.7.2 Water Chilling Machines

The water chilling machines will not be selected for peak loads as these conditions

occur for a very limited period of time, which means that most of the time the water

chilling machines would be running under part load conditions and will not be most

efficient. In that case we propose to run fewer chillers at full capacity than to run all

chillers at partial capacity under partial condition to save on energy and space. This

will be achieved by proper sequencing of chillers during partial load condition so that

instead of running all the machines on part load, fewer machines are operated on full

load.




The chillers and pumps along with electrical panels shall be placed in the AC plant

room in the utility block, near to the terminal building and cooling towers for air

conditioning system shall be installed on terrace of AC plant room. All motors except

the chillers for air-conditioning system shall be energy efficient type, suitable for 415

+ 10% volts incoming power supply.

AC Plant machinery in the plant room shall be placed on PCC/RCC foundation and

provided with vibration supports. All foundations should be protected from

mechanical damage by providing epoxy coated angle nosing. Seismic restraints

requirement shall also be considered.

Floor drain channels and dedicated drain pipes in slope shall be provided within plant

room space for effective disposal of waste water.

2.7.3 Chilled Water Pumps

Central air-conditioning system shall be designed for maximizing energy

conservation. Primary & secondary chilled water pumps coupled with bypass line and

variable speed drive on secondary pumps shall be provided to achieve variable water

flow in chilled water circuits, hence conservation in energy. Chilled water flow in load

circuits shall be varied but the same through chillers shall remain constant. By

measuring pressure differential between chilled water supply and return header, the

speed of secondary chilled water pump shall be automatically varied, thus conserving

pump brake horse power. All chilled water pumps shall be insulated.

2.7.4 Pipes

Chilled water shall be pumped through plant room to terminal building via insulated

chilled water pipes and enter into the terminal through service tunnel. All pipes shall

be supported in a manner, which will avoid transmission of vibration to roof ceiling

slab and occupied floors.

Closed type expansion tank shall be provided with air separator in chilled water line

and located at central AC plant room.

2.7.5 Variable Volume Air Handling Units

Selected air handling units (AHU) serving Departure, Arrival areas etc. shall be

variable volume type, double skin (for noise control) construction, comprising

centrifugal fans coupled to variable frequency drive, cooling coil section, stainless

steel double sloping drain pan (for zero water retention) and filter section. These shall

be floor-standing type with ducted arrangement for supply air. Return air shall be

collected through ceiling spaces / ducts and brought back to air handling unit room.




RPM of fan shall be modulated on the basis of occupancy and variation in ambient /

inside temperature.

2.7.6 Constant Volume Air Handling Units

Air handling units (AHU) serving Offices and normal occupancy areas shall be

constant volume double skin (for noise control) construction, comprising centrifugal

fan, cooling coil section, stainless steel double sloping drain pan (for zero water

retention) and filter section. These shall be floor-standing / ceiling suspended type

with ducted arrangement for supply air. Return air shall be collected through ceiling

spaces and brought back to air handling unit room.

2.7.7 Fresh Air

All fresh air and exhaust air louvers shall be away from Airside of the Terminal

Building, in order to avoid ingress of fuel vapors.

The Air conditioning will be designed by using required quantity of outside air to

maintain indoor air quality as recommended by ASHRAE Standard 62 and NBC

2016. The outdoor air system would be controlled by VAV regulated by CO2 sensors

to maintain proper indoor air quality and save energy during high and low occupancy

periods. The outside air will be dehumidified to maintain humidity control. The outside

air will be duly filtered.

2.7.8 Utility Building Ventilation

Plant rooms shall be provided with supply / exhaust fans for mechanical ventilation.

The system shall consist of tube axial fan, fresh air intake grilles with filters, air

distribution system with grilles, electrical panel, power cabling, control wiring and

earthing. Filtered fresh air shall be drawn from outside and supplied to mechanically

ventilated areas by means of grilles. Equivalent amount shall be directly exhausted

out.

2.7.9 Duct Construction and Fire Safety

All ducts shall be fabricated out of galvanized sheet steel (GSS) for long life and as

per fire norms. Motorized smoke dampers shall be installed within supply air ducts

and return air ducts at AHU room wall crossings, to prevent spread of smoke / fire to

the adjoining areas. Smoke dampers shall be motorized and shall be actuated by

smoke sensor as per fire regulations. Air handling units shall also be tripped in case

of emergency.

Internal lobbies and enclosed staircases shall be kept under positive pressure at all

times. This shall be achieved by supplying small quantity of cool fresh air at all times




and with no return air picked-up from these areas. This shall help in providing fire-

safe egress in case of emergency.

2.7.10 Pressurization/Smoke Extraction System

Pressurization/ smoke extraction system as per guidelines laid down in National

Building Code of India and applicable codes/fire clearance norms shall be provided.

In general, pressurization of enclosed elevator lobbies, fire escape staircase and

elevator shafts shall be carried out (wherever applicable as per code) through

individual fans duly interlocked with smoke detection system for automatic operation.

Selected air handling units / separate fans to be installed for serving open halls in

Departure & Arrival areas shall have provision for smoke extraction in case of

emergency. The AHU / separate fans shall extract the air / smoke into atmosphere

and be actuated through the fire alarm system.

2.8 Baggage Handling System

The Proposed Departure system is comprised of 04 Nos. Check-in Islands (each

island with 16 Nos. counters) with total 64 nos. Check-ins/Baggage Drops.

The Proposed arrival system is in consideration that 05 Nos. Arrival / Reclaim

carousels shall be for Domestic flights and 01 Nos. Reclaim carousels shall be for the

International Flights

2.9 GRIHA for The Proposed Integrated Terminal Building

Guwahati airport project requirement is to be certified under Green Rating for

Integrated habitat Assessment (GRIHA). This report captures the GRIHA measures

which will be considered in the design and consideration of the project to achieve the

4 star rating under GRIHA V-2015. The report outlines briefly the various

sustainability measures under the following categories:

a. Architecture measures

b. Landscape measures

c. Structural measures

d. HVAC & Electrical measures

e. Plumbing measures

f. Construction measures




Codes & Guidelines The following codes & guidelines shall be considered for the design of the project for

GRIHA compliance

• Green Rating for Integrated habitat Assessment (GRIHA) rating system V-2015

• Energy Conservation Building Code 2007 (ECBC)

• ASHRAE 90.1-2010

• ASHRAE 62.1-2010

• National Building Code

GRIHA Design Consideration

Site Planning

a) Passive design strategies such as shading device, overhangs, vertical fins etc.

shall be considered to control heat gain through envelope and maximize day

light penetration.

b) Preservation of existing vegetation / water bodies / other topographical

features if applicable.

c) Strategies like Vegetation will be adopted in reduction of heat islands at

microclimate level.

d) Solar photovoltaics in roof areas as passive measure to heat gain reduction.

e) A minimum of 25% of the site area shall be designed with soft paved and/or

covered with SRI coating > 0.5 and/or shaded by vegetation/solar panels

and/or any combination of these strategies.

f) The net imperviousness factor of site shall designed to meet GRIHA

requirement to make post-construction storm water discharge from the site is

zero.

g) Internal zoning will be done to provide buffer to conditioned spaces for

unfavourable orientations.

h) Massing of the buildings will ensure that the solar access of neighboring

buildings is not blocked if applicable.

Construction Management

a) Top soil shall be preserved at site and shall be re-used later for landscaping

purpose.

b) No existing mature trees will be cut on site to the extent possible or mature

trees will be transplanted within the site and the survival shall be ensured or 3

trees will be planted for every 1 tree cut of the same native/naturalized species

or any combination of these for all mature trees on site.




c) Following measures shall be adopted on site to curb air pollution during

construction:

• Provision of 3 meter high barricading around the construction area.

• Wheel washing facility at the vehicular entrance of the site.

• Covering of fine aggregate and excavated earth on site with plastic/

geotextile sheets.

• Provision of stabilized construction entrances, exits and vehicular path

d) A spill prevention plan (to control effects of spill from hazardous materials like

bitumen, diesel etc.) shall be developed and implemented at site.

e) Measures will be implemented to prevent/reduce soil movement outside the

site.

f) Staging shall be adopted during construction on site.

g) A construction waste management plan for segregation of construction waste,

its safe storage and on-site/off-site recycling shall be developed and

implemented in the project.

h) Strategies to reduce water use during construction shall be adopted.

Energy a) The thermal properties of envelope (wall, glazing), skylight & roof shall not

exceed the maximum allowable with respect to GRIHA and ECBC.

b) Refrigerant used in HVAC system shall be CFC free.

c) Equipment efficiencies shall be designed to meet & exceed GRIHA & ECBC

requirements.

d) Innovative & practical energy efficient HVAC & Electrical design solutions, such

as displacement ventilation systems, dedicated outdoor air systems, chilled

water plant with high COP, adequate daylight to reduce internal lighting load,

LED luminaries etc shall be adopted

e) 100% of outdoor lighting fixtures shall meet the luminous efficacy requirements

with respect to GRIHA.

f) Interior lighting power budget shall be designed to meet and exceed GRIHA

requirements.

g) If there are ceiling fans required, they shall be minimum BEE 4 Star rated.

h) On-site renewable energy such as photo voltaic shall be designed to offset 1 to

10% of buildings internal artificial lighting and HVAC systems energy

consumption subject to feasibility.

i) Insulation in building shall be CFC and HCFC free.




Occupant Comfort & Well-being

a) Window to wall ratio of the façade shall be in compliance to GRIHA & ECBC and

the glazing SHGC values shall exceed the minimum performance with respect to

GRIHA & ECBC through passive shades and high performance glass.

b) Adequate daylighting provision will be considered by means of skylight / windows

and the daylighting illuminance level shall meet the minimum illumination levels

(LUX) prescribed in GRIHA & ECBC.

c) Acoustic measures shall be considered to meet acceptable indoor noise levels

with respect to GRIHA requirements.

d) Fire suppression systems & fire extinguishers shall be Halon free.

e) The HVAC design shall be in compliance with Thermal Comfort requirement

stipulated in GRIHA.

f) Acoustic measure shall be considered for the HVAC equipment’s to meet the

acceptable indoor noise level with respect to GRIHA.

g) Indoor ventilation requirement shall meet the minimum requirement with respect

to ASHRAE 62.1-2010.

h) Sensors shall be designed to monitor CO2, temperature and RH at occupied

spaces or at AHU’s.

i) All interior paints and coatings shall be low-VOC with respect GRIHA and lead-

free.

j) All adhesives and sealants used shall be low-VOC with respect to GRIHA & the

interior composite wood-products shall not use urea-formaldehyde as a bonding

resin.

Water a) An estimated 30% reduction in landscaping water demand in comparison with

GRIHA base case shall be arrived using native species/drought tolerant species.

b) Potable water shall conform to BIS standards.

c) Sewage treatment plant shall confirm to Central Pollution Control Board norms.

d) 100% of the treated water shall be reused on site for irrigation/toilet flushing &

cooling tower make-up water.

e) Rain water harvesting shall be implemented for reusing in irrigation & recharging

surplus storm water.

f) High efficient water fixtures shall be used and the flush & flow rates shall be at

least 30 to 50% less than GRIHA baseline.

Sustainable Building Materials a) Minimum 15% of Ordinary Portland Cement shall be replaced with fly ash by

weight of cement used in structural concrete.




b) Minimum 15% of Ordinary Portland Cement shall be replaced with fly ash in

plaster/masonry mortar.

c) Combined embodied energy of load-bearing structure and masonry walls shall be

reduced by at least 10% below the base case.

d) At least 50% of all materials (calculated by surface area) used for building

interiors shall meet the GRIHA criterion low-impact material requirements.

Solid Waste Management a) Adequate spaces will be designed for waste management (multi-coloured waste

bins, recycle bins etc.).

b) Organic waste shall be treated on site and the generated resource shall be

reused.

Socio-Economic Strategies a) Universal design strategies will be considered and meet the minimum

requirement for physically challenged with respect to GRIHA.

b) The project will ensure to comply with the NBC (2016) safety norms for providing

the necessary safety equipment and measures for construction workers.

c) Provisions for drinking water, hygienic working & living conditions and sanitation

facilities shall be provided for the workers. Crèche facility for children of

construction workers shall also be planned.

d) Measures to create environmental awareness in Architecture, Interior and

Landscape design shall be implemented.

e) Dedicated facilities will be provided for the service staff.

Performance Monitoring & Validation a) Digital energy meters shall be provided for all major energy end-uses.

b) Water metering shall be provided for all major water use.

c) O&M protocol shall be prepared as a minimum for the following:

• HVAC plant - AHU, Cooling tower, Chillers and pumps, VRF

• Electrical - Transformer, DG, HT & LT panels

• Energy Systems - Solar PV, wind mill, bio gasifier etc.

• STP and/or WTP

2.10 Water Requirement and Its Management

Daily water demand calculations for new integrated terminal building at Guwahati

Airport are given in Table 2.5 :




Table 2.5: Daily Water Demand Calculations for New Integrated Terminal Building

Total Occupancy

Domestic Water Flushing Water Total Water

% Flow to

Sewer

Flow to Sewer

S. No.

Description

No. LPCD LPD LPCD LPD LPD LPD

a. Water requirement @ 70 Lit / person for approximately 17800 passengers.

17800 40 712000 30 534000 1246000 80 996800

b. Water requirement @ 15 Lit / Person for visitors & staff (20% of Total Passengers)

3560 5 17800 10 35600 53400 80 42720

c. Water requirement @ 35 Lit / Seat for Food Court.

321 25 8025 10 3210 11235 80 8988

d. Water requirement for departure- office @ 10 sq.m/p, Office Area-1400 sq.m

140 25 3500 20 2800 6300 80 5040

e. Water requirement for departure- Retail @ 6 sq.m/p, Office Area-3900 sq.m

650 25 16250 20 13000 29250 80 23400

f. Water requirement for Mezzanine- office @ 10 sq.m/p, Office Area-300 sq.m

30 25 750 20 600 1350 80 1080

g. Water requirement Mezannine- Retail @ 6 sq.m/p, Retai Area-8447 sq.m

1408 25 35200 20 28160 63360 80 50688

h. Water requirement for Arrival- office @ 10 sq.m/p, Office Area-1072 sq.m

107 25 2675 20 2140 4815 80 3852

i. Water requirement Arrival- Retail @ 6 sq.m/p, Retai Area-4533 sq.m

755 25 18875 20 15100 33975 80 27180

Total 815075 634610 1449685 1159748

S. No.

Description Total Occupancy

Domestic Water Flushing Water Total Water

% Flow to

Sewer

Flow to Sewer




No. LPCD LPD LPCD LPD LPD LPD

Since we are using efficient plumbing fixtures which use 30% less water hence, the daily water demand will be reduce by 30%.

570553 444227 1014780 811824

Total for Terminal Building

(Say)

571000 444000 1015000 812000

2.10.1 Water Balance Diagram

Fresh water requirement will be 710 KLD for domestic, food courts, retail, offices,

HVAC, etc. (Total water requirement including recycled water- 1010 KLD). Water

requirement will be extracted through bore wells at the airport.

Water consumption summary for treated waste water re-use/recycle details is as

given in Table 2.6:

Table 2.6: Water Consumption Summary & Treated Waste Water Recycle

. No. Description Round-Off

1. Domestic Water Requirement Say 570 KL/Day

2. Flushing Water Requirement Say 440 KL/Day

Total (1+2) Say 1010 KL/Day

3. Flow to STP Say 810 KL/Day

Considered 20% additional for STP Capacity Say 1000 KL/Day

Treated water available from the STP @ 95% of total sewer generation.

Say 770 KL/Day

4. Cooling Tower Make -Up - Air Conditioning Plant Total diversify HVAC load 3300 TR. Water requirement = 3300*24 hr*10 ltrs/hr*0.6 = 470 KLD

Say 470 KL/Day

5. Flushing Water Requirement Say 440 KL/Day

Total Say 910 KL/Day

Conclusion: Total Water Requirement of Project - 1010 KL/Day Fresh Water Requirement - 710 KL/Day (570+140)




. No. Description Round-Off

Treated Waste Water Use - 770 KL/Day

The water balance diagram is shown in Figure 2.7. The water requirement for

flushing and HVAC/cooling will be met through reuse of treated waste water from

STP.

2.10.2 Sources of Water

Water requirement will be met through tubewells to be drilled after obtaining

permission from competent authority.

2.10.3 Sewerage Treatment and Disposal

As per water balance diagram, 810 kl/d sewage will be generated after the

operation of integrated terminal building which will be treated in STP of capacity

1000 kl. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) Technology will be used for treatment of

waste water at the airport.

Figure 2.7: Water Balance Diagram for New Integrated Terminal Building




Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is the combination of a membrane process like

microfiltration or ultrafiltration with a biological wastewater treatment process, the

activated sludge process.

2.11 Drainage

For design of drainage at the site of the proposed integrated terminal building,

Hydraulic calculations have been carried out. For storm water management at the

site, rectangular sections for side drains have been provided. The drains have been

kept sufficiently away from the taxiway / runway.

The schematic diagram of proposed drainage system is provided in Figure 2.9. The

drainage system would constitute of four storm water RCC rectangular drains. The

drain designated as Drain D1 shall be connected to the existing drain near western

side compound wall and further discharged to the existing canal on the northern side.

Similarly, the drain D2, D3 & D4 shall be discharged to the existing canal on the

northern side.

2.12 Rainwater Harvesting

At the Guwahati airport, ground water table is about 2-3 m below the general ground

level in this area. Hence, the provision of rainwater harvesting in the form of recharge

trench pits and wells will be avoided.

2.13 Project Cost

The estimated cost of new integrated terminal building and associated development

is estimated as Rs 1232 Cores.

Figure 2.8: Schematic Diagram for Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Technology for New Integrated Terminal Building




2.14 Manpower Requirement

The total estimated manpower requirement for construction and operation phases of

the New Integrated Terminal Building is given in Table 2.7:

Table 2.7: Estimated Manpower Requirement for New Integrated Terminal

Building

Sn. Phase Regular Contract

A. Direct Employment

1. Construction Phase 50 300 to 400

2. Operation Phase 60 700

B. Indirect Employment More than 2000

Figure 2.9: Schematic Diagram of Proposed Drainage System


India Description of Environment


Chapter 3

Description of Environment

3.1 Introduction

Physical, biological and socio-economic baseline environmental conditions have been studied

within the 10 km radius study area from the LGBI Airport Terminal at Guwahati.

The baseline studies were carried out from 3rd October 2016 to 31st December 2016.

Collection of baseline information on bio-physical, social and economic aspects of the project

area is the most important reference for conducting Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

study. Based on the existing environmental scenario potential impacts of LGBI Airport

Terminal at Guwahati will be identified and accordingly management plan will be proposed.

The description of environmental settings includes the characteristic of area in which the

activity of expansion of LGBI Airport Terminal at Guwahati would be occur and cover area

affected by all environmental impacts. For conducting the EIA, existing environmental

conditions in the study area, have been obtained by intensive site visits, primary data

collection, monitoring, sampling and secondary data collection from published source and

various government agencies. Collection of baseline data was designed to satisfy information

requirements and focused on relevant aspects that are likely to be affected in the study area.

3.2 Topography and Physiography

Overall topography of the area varies from plain to undulating. The southeastern part of the

study area is hilly and steep undulating converging to flat terrain towards the river

Brahmaputra located northern part of the study area. The River Brahmaputra is flowing at a

distance of 2.2 km from northeast towards west of the site. The terrain is dotted with small hills

to residual hillocks.

Physiographically the study area can be divided into three units; i.e. the hilly region in the

southeast, the alluvial plain in the central and southwestern part and the swampy areas along

Brahmaputra plains. The distinguishable geomorphic units are as follows:

• Flood plain of river Brahmaputra and its tributaries.

• Younger alluvial plain which occupies major part of the area, having slightly higher

elevation than flood plain.

• Older alluvium/valley fill, gently sloping plain, having higher elevation than the younger

alluvial plain.

• Piedmont, gently sloping plain along the foothills.

• Inselberg occurs as very small isolated hills.

• Denudational hills considering of granite, gneissic rocks

• Drainage Pattern




Elevation:

The general elevation of the project site is around 50m above msl and the study area the

elevation varies from 40m to 410m above msl. The highest elevation is towards southeast

where the Garbhanga forest hills are situated and rest of the study area is predominantly flat

with 50m contours.

Drainage:

Drainage pattern is strongly controlled by geology. It varies from sub-dendritic to parallel

drainage pattern. Brahmaputra valley has an average width of about 80km and is one of

largest rivers in the world and rank fifth with respect to its average discharge. The river

originates From the kailash ranges of Himalayas at an elevation of 5300 m and after flowing

through Tibet it enters India through Arunachal Pradesh and flow through Assam and

Bangladesh before it joins Bay of Bengal.

The Brahmaputra River is the trunk drainage of the Guwahati which is situated on the south

bank of the river. The river flows from east to west splitting Guwahati into north Guwahati and

south Guwahati. The Brahmaputra River is a braided river and is composed of numerous

sediment bars which cover half of the river. Several small streams such as the Kopili, Banasiri,

Bhareli, Dhansiri, Ranga nadi, Puthimari and Manas join the Brahmaputra River from both

Himalayas and Shilong subbasin. The Rivers cover about 60 sq km of the area including the

sediment bars. The river course covers around 17 % of the total study area. An overall

drainage drainage of the Brahmaputra river is shown in the below Figure 3.1.

Figure 3.1: Drainage Network of Brahmaputra River




The local drainage network of study area is shown in the Figure 3.2 indicating dominence of

Brahmaputra river basin with number of streams joining the main river. The drainage network

in the study area is reflecting both dentritic and parallel. The contour map is shown in the

Figure 3.3.

EIA for Construction of New Integrated Terminal Building at LGBI Airport, Guwahati by Airports Authority of India Description of

Environment


Figure 1.2: Drainage Map of Study Area


Environment


Figure 3.3: Contour Map of The Study Area




3.3 Natural Hazards- Earthquake

Assam is among the most seismically active parts of India. Geomorphologically, northeast

India is located in an earthquake prone zone (zone V) of the Indian subcontinent. In this region

earthquakes come with land slides, floods along with series of earthquakes of smaller

magnitude. Here earthquakes of up to MM intensity IX can be expected. According to a hazard

map by the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program, the state can expect to have a peak

gravitational acceleration (PGA) of 0.24g to 0.48g. The sesmic map of the area is given In

Figure 3.4.

3.4 Geology

The Guwahati is geologically an extension part of the shillong plateau of the Pre Cambrian

Age. Geologically, the city is characterized by Precambrian granite gneissic complex

composed of granite gneiss, biotite schists, gneiss and quartzite.

Geologically the area is a north-eastern continuation of the Pre Cambrian Gneissic Complex of

the Shillong Plateau. The Shillong Plateau is an extension of the Indian shield separated

tectonically by the Garo Rajmahal Gap. The study area is covered by Recent Alluvium and the

Precambrian rocks are exposed in the residual hills. The Recent Alluvium consists of cobbles,

pebbles, sands of various grade, silt and clay. Lithological heterogeneity is reflected by

presence of a variety of rock types. These rocks can be categorized broadly into two types:

Figure 3.2: Seismic Maps of the Area




Granitic Rocks

• Quatzofeldspathic gneiss (QFG)

• Porphyritic granite

• Grey granite

• Pink granite

• Pegmatite

Non- granitic rocks

• Biotite schist

• Hornblende- biotite schist

• Amphibolite

Quartzofeldspathic gneiss (QFG) and granites constitute the predominant rock types of the

area. QFG show inhomogeneous appearance and colour variation. They are light grey to

whitish grey in colour marked by well developed bands of dark and light coloured minerals. In

some cases the bands are very prominent, the bands being about 5 cm in thickness, while in

some cases appearance is streaky. The rocks are medium grained; rarely fine and coarse

grained.

Granites include the grey porphyritic granite of Kamakhya Hills, Garchuk and pink granite of

Kalapahar area. Granitic veins in the form of sills and dykes occur in the porphyritic granite.

The grey granite of Kamakhya is found in contact with the granite gneiss. But the pink granite

occurs in association with the QFG and porphyritic granite. One of the characteristic features

of these granites is that they occur at relatively higher elevation. Fine grained granite found in

association with the granite gneiss and grey porphyritic granite occurs in Nabagraha Hill side,

Dispur and Jalukbari area.

Schistose rocks occurring as inclusions include biotite-sillimanite schist, hornblendebiotite

schist and boitite schist. Regional metamorphism is supposed to play a vital role in the

alteration of these rocks to high grade. These rocks have undergone pronounced weathering

and have become friable in nature.

Quartzites are limited in extent and small dimension quartzites are found in the Kamakhya

foothills and Nabagraha. Pegmatites of varied dimension occurring as lenses and veins are

found almost in all quarries. Quartz veins are also common.

The geological succession of Guwahati (Maswood, 1981) is shown below:

Pegmatite, quartz, feldspar, quartzo feldspathic vein Fine grained granite Grey porphyritic granite Pink granite, granite gneiss, feldspathic quartzite

Precambrian

Hornblende biotite schists, hornblende pyroxene granulite, biotite sillimanite schists, biotite schist




3.5 Climate And Meteorology

The study area is characterized by a different set of four weather condation:

• Northeast monsoon season July to September

• Winter from November to March;

• Summer Seasion during April to June and

• Transition postmonsoon season from October to mid November.

Climate of the region is characterized in the following sections on the basis of nearest Indian

Meteorological Department (IMD) observatory station at Guwahati on the basis of the

observation: 1971-2000.

3.5.1 Climatology

The climatological summary details of parameters like temperature, relative humidity, rainfall,

cloud cover, wind speed and wind direction were obtained for IMD Guwahati as given in Table

3.1:

Table 3.1 Climetological Summary at IMD Guwahati (1971-2000) Daily mean Temp. (

0C)

Relative Humidity (%)

Rainfall (mm) Cloud cover (in Okta) Calm (%)

Station Level Pressure (hPa)

Month

Max

Min

8:3

0

17:3

0

Mo

nth

ly

To

tal

No

. o

f R

ain

y

day

s

8:3

0

17:3

0

Mean

Win

d

Sp

eed

(k

m/h

)

8:3

0

17:3

0 Max Min

January 23.6 10.6 87 70 11.5 1.2 2.3 3.2 2.0 81 81 1011.3 1007.2

February 26.0 12.2 76 55 22.3 2.2 2.3 3.1 2.7 64 61 1009 1004.8

March 29.8 15.9 66 48 50.9 4.3 2.6 3.3 4.0 41 40 1006.0 1001.3

April 31.0 20.0 73 60 159.3 9.2 4.1 4.1 4.9 27 23 1003.5 998.5

May 31.0 22.5 79 70 256.3 13.3 5.4 4.8 4.1 29 30 1000.6 996.3

June 31.9 24.9 83 77 303.6 14.4 6.4 6 3.4 36 35 996.3 992.7

July 31.8 25.5 85 80 356.8 16.8 6.7 6.2 3.1 40 34 996.1 992.7

August 32.2 25.5 83 80 258.6 12.6 6.4 6.1 3.1 44 37 997.4 993.9

September 31.5 24.5 84 81 194.4 10.5 5.9 5.8 2.7 48 51 1001.7 997.7

October 30.3 22.0 83 79 103.9 4.9 4.4 4.1 2.6 45 71 1006.2 1002.1

November 27.7 17.0 84 78 18.4 1.3 3.2 3.1 2.3 60 83 1009.6 1005.7

December 24.6 11.9 87 77 7.4 0.6 2.2 2.7 1.8 78 83 1011.9 1007.9

Annual or Mean

29.3 19.4 80.8 71.3 1743.4 91.3 4.3 4.4 3.1 49.4 52.4 1004.1 1000.1

Source: Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)




� Relative Humidity

The Relative Humidity (RH) at 8:30 hrs varied from (66% in March) to 87% (in December)

while at 17:30 hrs it varied from 48% (in March) to 81% (September). The annual RH

varied from 71.3 % (in 17:30 hrs) to 80.8% (In 8:30 hrs). Graphical Presentation of Relative

Humidity is shown in Figure 3.5.

� Wind Speed and Direction

The monthly mean wind direction varied from 4.9 to 1.8 km/hr occurring in April and

December respectively. The calm winds at 8:30 minimum 27% in April and maximum 81%

in Janauary while at 17:30 hrs minimum 23% and Maximum 83% in April and December

respectively. The table shows to equality of the calm percentage in morning and evening.

Wind direction is genraly North West (NW). The windrose diagrams for October, November

and December for morning and evening at IMD Guwahati are shown in Figure 3.6.

Figure 3.5: Relative Humidty at Guwahati IMD Station




Figure 3.6: Windrose Diagrams for Guwahati IMD Station




� Cloud Cover

Cloudy condation were observed during monsoons monts reaching to 6.7 Oktas in July

and min 2.2 in December. The sky was slightly cloudy during orther months. Graphical

Presentation of Cloud Cover is shown in Figure 3.7.

� Temperature

The monthly mean temperature varied from 19.4 OC to 29.3OC where minmum 10.6 OC in

Janauary month and maximum in 32.2 OC in August months. Graphical Presentation of

Temperature is shown in Figure 3.8.

Figure 3.7: Cloud Cover at Guwahati IMD Station

Figure 3.8: Temperature at Guwahati IMD Station




� Rainfall The climatological data revealed that rainfall occurred maximum in 356.7mm in July and

7.4mm in December. The total rainfall recived in the year is abour 1743.4 mm with total

number of rainy days of about 91.3 days. Graphical presentation of the rainfall is shown in

Figure 3.9.

3.5.2 Micrometeorological Data

The micrometeorological data has been collected on hourly basis during winter season (Oct,

Nov and Dec.2016). The parameters covered are temperature, relative, humidity, wind speed,

wind direction and rainfall. The summary of micrometeorological data is given in Table

3.2.

Table 3.2: Site Specific Meterologocal Data

Location: Observations S. No.

Parameters 01.10.2016 to 31.12.2016

Dry Bulb Temperature (°°°°C)

Maximum 32

Minimum 11 1

Average 24.5

Relative Humidity (%)

Maximum 87.0

2

Minimum 44.0

Figure 3.9: Rainfall at Guwahati IMD Station




Location: Observations S. No.

Parameters 01.10.2016 to 31.12.2016

Average 71.4

Wind Speed (Km/h)

Maximum 4.2

Minimum 0.5

Average 3.1

Predominant Wind Direction (From) NE

3

Percentage of calm wind 74.8

Rainfall(mm) 4

During Study Period 1.5

The site specific micro meterologocal parameter for the monitoring season revealed that the

maximum temperature was recorded as 320C and minmum as 110C. The relative humidity was

recorded to be varying between 44 to 87%. The wind speed was recorded in the range

between 0.5 to 4.2 kmph. The predominant wind direction during study seasion was from NE.

Wind rose diagram for the project site is given in Figure 3.10:

Figure 3.10: Windrose Diagram for the Project Site

Wind Direction From




3.6 Soil

The soil type found in the study area is mainly sandy, silty and clay type. Soil sampling was

carried out to establish the baseline characteristics and to assess the anticipated impacts due

to proposed project.

3.6.1 Soil of Study Area

The soil quality assessment study has been carried out during study period to determine the

potential of soil in the area and to identify the impacts of the proposed expansion of airport on

soil quality.

For studying soil characteristics of the area, sampling of five locations were selected to assess

the baseline soil conditions in the study area. The physical, chemical and nutrient

characteristics of soil samples were determined. The samples were collected on 18/11/2016

by ramming a core-cutter into the soil up to a depth of 15 cm.

The sampling locations have been identified with the following objectives;

• To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the area

• To determine the impact of industrialization on soil characteristics

• To determine the impact on soil more importantly from agricultural productivity point of view

Soil samples collected from each location were mixed to make composite sample that were

analyzed. Details of the soil sampling locations are shown in Table 3.3. The soil sampling

locations in the study area are shown in Figure 3.11.

Table 3.3: Soil Sampling Locations in the Study Area

Code Name Coordinates Direction Distance (km)

S1 Project site 26°07’06.01”N

91°35’51.65”E

-- --

S2 Majir Gaon 26°08’09.32”N

91°34’01.96”E

NW 3.4

S3 Azara

26°07’04.72”N

91°36’45.18”E

East 1.4

S4 Kahi kuchi 26°06’07.88”N

91°36’02.38”E

SSE 1.7

S5 Kaita sidhi 26°05’33.72”N

91°34’01.13”E

SW 4.3




3.6.2 Soil Quality in Study Area

The results of analysis of soil samples collected in the study area are given in Table 3.4, with

a brief interpretation of analyzed parameters is given below:

Texture: Soil in the study area are sandy, silty loam, sandy clay, clay loam in texture.

pH: The pH of soil in the study area ranges from 5.68 to 6.78.

Electrical Conductivity: The Electrical conductivity of soil in the study area ranges from

0.036 to 0.096 µS/cm.

Bulk Density: Bulk density of soil in the study area is ranges from 1.27 to 1.41 gm/cc.

Available Nitrogen: Available Nitrogen content in soil in the study area ranges from 19.2 to

46.4 kg/ha.

Available Phosphorous: Available Phosphorous content in soil samples collected in the

study area ranges from 36.8 to 96.4 kg/ha.

Potassium: Potassium content in soil in the study area ranges from 158 to 232 kg/ha.

Exchangeable Calcium: Exchangeable Calcium content in soil in the study area ranges from

9.64 to 17.2 meq/100g.

Exchangeable Magnesium: Exchangeable Magnesium content in soil in the study area

ranges from 3.08 to 7.64 meq/100g.

Exchangeable Sodium: Exchangeable Sodium content in soil in the study area ranges from

0.31 to 0.65 meq/100g.

Total Organic Matter: Total Organic Matter content in the study area ranges from 0.97 to

1.74%.


Environment


Figure 3.11: Soil Sampling Locations In The Study Area


Environment


Table 3.4: Soil Quality in the Study Area

Note: Date of Sampling 18/11/ 2016

S.No Parameters Test method S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

1 pH (1:5 Suspension) IS -2720(Part 26) 1987(RA 2011) 6.35 6.47 6.78 6.61 5.68

2 Bulk Density FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 1 1.41 1.38 1.27 1. 30 1.35

3 Electrical conductivity, mS/cm (1:5 Suspension)

IS -14767:2000 (RA 2010) 0.036 0.048 0.067 0.096 0.041

4 Available Nitrogen, mg/kg IS -14684:1999, Reaff:2008 19.2 21.4 46.4 25.1 36.1

5 Available Phosphorous, mg/kg FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 2 96.4 42.6 71.4 36.8 47.3

6 Available Potassium, mg/kg FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 7 171 158 232 202 171

7 Exchangeable Calcium as Ca, m.eq/100g

FAO Chapter 3, ABCTL/SOIL/SOP 4 15.7 9.64 17.2 13.6 10.36

8 Exchangeable Magnesium as Mg, m.eq/100g


9 Exchangeable Sodium as Na, m.eq/100g


10 Organic matter (%) IS 2720 (Part 22):1972, Reaff:2010 0.97 1.18 1.53 1.74 1.36

11 Texture Classification Robinson Pipette Method Silty Loam Sandy Sandy Loam

Sandy Clay

Clay Loam




3.7 Water Resources

3.7.1 Surface Water Resource

In the study area, the major surface water body is Brahmaputra River and followed by number

of streams and lakes covering about 9.17% of the study area.

3.7.2 Ground Water Hydrology

The area consists of two broad hydrogeological units: 1) Pre-Cambrian consolidated rocks and

2) Quaternary alluvium consisting of unconsolidated sediments.

Pre-Cambrian consolidated rocks are confined to hilly areas and inselbergs, where ground

water occurs in shallow weathered zone and this can be developed through open wells. The

joints and fractures developed due to tectonic activities form potential water bearing zones and

suitable for development through construction of bore wells. In the alluvial plain, groundwater

occurs in regionally extensive aquifers down to the depth of 305 m. It has a very good yield

prospect. The aquifers are consisting of sands of various grades with gravel and are suitable

for construction of both shallow and deep tube wells. The water level rests at shallow depth

and in major parts of the study area, it rests between 2 – 5 m bgl during pre-monsoon period.

The study of long term water level trend shows no significant change in rise/fall in water level

in the last 10 years.

The shallow tube wells tapping aquifers within 50 m depth are capable of yielding about 10 lps

in major places, deep tube wells constructed within 95 m depth tapping about 30 m granular

zones are yielding 10 – 20 lpm. The transmissivity of the aquifer ranges from 41 to 6162

m2/day and the permeability varies from 10 to 59 m/day. In hard rock, the yield of bore well

constructed in greater Guwahati area ranges from 4 to 300 lpm.

Thick and extensive alluvial deposit with rich aquifer system covering major part of the district

is suitable for ground water development through open wells, shallow tube wells and deep

tube wells. To meet the drinking and other requirements of limited quantities of individual

households, open wells and filter point wells are feasible almost in all parts of the study area,

except the areas occupied by hills. Ring wells of 0.80 to 1.20 m diameter to depth of 5 to 10 m

bgl are likely to hold sufficient quantity of water to meet the requirement. Filter point wells to

the depth of about 20 to 25 m bgl by providing galvanized iron/PVC pipes with slotted pipes

against the granular zones are suitable for extraction of groundwater for domestic use.

In the majority of the villages in the study area depends on the groundwater and some of the

villages have piped water supply for their domestic needs.

3.8 Water Quality

3.8.1 Surface Water Quality

During the study period, surface water samples were collected from river, cannals and lake in

the study area. The locations of surface water samples are given in Table 3.5 and shown in

Figure 3.12.




Table 3.5: Surface Water Sampling Locations

Sl. No. Name Coordinates Direction Distance (km)

SW1 Brahmaputra 26°07’39.79”N

91°32’32.05”E W 5.7

SW2 Deepor Beel(South side near Ajara) 26°06’31.08”N

91°37’38.15”E SE 3.1

SW3 Deepor Beel(North side near

Haropara)

26° 7'54.98"N

91°38'0.96"E NE 3.3

SW4 Kalbog Nadi near Bongara 26°05’23.68”N

91°33’37.67”E SW 4.8

SW5 Canal (Bongara – Rani Road) 26° 4'44.54"N

91°34'47.92"E SSW 4.8

Surface water sample analysis results are given in Table 3.6. Analysis results for surface

water sample have been compared with Tolerance limits for Inland surface waters, Class C

and Class E. (IS 2296- 1992) as given in Table 3.6.

The following observations can be made from the tabulated data in Table 3.6.

pH value of all surface water samples ranges from 6.54 to 7.13 and meet the tolerance limits

of 8.5 for inland surface waters (IS: 2296-1992).

TDS value of all surface water samples ranges in the range of 55 to 160 mg/l, respectively and

meet the tolerance limits of 1500 mg/l for inland surface waters (IS: 2296-1992) for Class C.

Conductivity: Conductivity value of all surface water samples varies 86 to 294 μS/cm and

meets the tolerance limits for inland surface waters, (IS: 2296-1992) for Class –E.

Total Hardness: Total Hardness of all surface water samples ranges from 12 to 86 mg/l. No

limit has been prescribed in IS:2296-1992 for hardness in surface water.

Sulphate: Sulphate content in all surface water samples ranges between 1 and 18 mg/l and

meet the tolerance limits of 400 mg/l for inland surface waters, (IS: 2296-1992) for Class C.

Colour: Colour content in all surface water samples ranges between <0.1 and 12 Hazen unit

and meet the tolerance limits of 300 Hazen unit for inland surface waters (IS: 2296-1992) for

Class C.

Chloride as Cl: Chloride content in all surface water samples range between 9 and 35 mg/l

and meet the tolerance limits of 600 mg/l for inland surface waters (IS: 2296-1992) for Class

C.




Iron as Fe: Iron content in all surface water samples range between 0.05 mg/l to 0.57 mg/l

and meet the tolerance limits of 50 mg/l for inland surface waters (IS: 2296-1992) for Class C.

Zinc as Zn: Zinc content in all surface water samples range between 0.1mg/l to 0.26 mg/l and

meet the tolerance limits of 15 mg/l for inland surface waters (IS: 2296-1992) for Class C.

Sodium as Na: Sodium content in all surface water samples range between 9 mg/l to 29 mg/l.

No limit has been prescribed in IS:2296-1992 for Sodium in surface water.

Potassium as K: Potassium content in all surface water samples range between 1.1 mg/l to

2.3 mg/l. No limit has been prescribed in IS:2296-1992 for Potassium in surface water.

Calcium as Ca: Calcium content in all surface water samples range between 3.1 mg/l to 16

mg/l. No limit has been prescribed in IS:2296-1992 for Calcium in surface water.

Magnesium as Mg: Magnesium content in all surface water samples range between 1 mg/l to

9.5 mg/l. No limit has been prescribed in IS:2296-1992 for Magnesium in surface water.

Dissolved Oxygen: Dissolved Oxygen content in all surface water samples range between

6.6 mg/l to 7.5 mg/l and minimum meet the tolerance limits of >4 mg/l for inland surface waters

(IS: 2296-1992) for Class C.

Turbidity: Turbidity content in all surface water samples range between 0.5 to 20.9 NTU. No

limit has been prescribed in IS:2296-1992 for Turbidity in surface water.

BOD: BOD content in all surface water samples found below 2 mg/l and meet the tolerance

limits of 3 mg/l for all inland surface waters (IS: 2296-1992) for Class C.

Nitrate: Nitrate content in all surface water samples ranges between 1.7 to 5.3 mg/l and

meets the tolerance limits of 50 mg/l for all inland surface waters (IS: 2296-1992) for Class C.

Total Alkalinity: Total Alkalinity content in all surface water samples ranges between 18 to 85

mg/l and no limit has been prescribed in IS:2296-1992 for total alkalinity in surface water.

Total Coliform: Total Coliform content in all surface water samples ranges between 18 to 94

mg/l and meets the tolerance limit of 5000 MPN/100 ml in IS:2296-1992 for total coliform in

surface water for Class C.


Environment


Table 3.6: Surface Water Quality in the Study Area

Sl. No.

Characteristics Units SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5

1 Colour Hazen 4 7 12 Nil 3

2 Odour - No Odour Observed

No Odour Observed

No Odour Observed

No Odour Observed

No Odour Observed

3 Turbidity NTU 4.6 7.2 20.9 0.5 3.1

4 pH - 7.13 6.92 6.54 6.92 6.82

5 Electrical Conductivity μS/cm 196 86 124 294 248

6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 112 55 67 160 130

7 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 78 12 23 86 60

8 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 58 18 28 85 57

9 Chloride as Cl mg/l 30 9 13 35 30

10 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 8 1 3.6 18 12

11 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.16 0.17 0.21 0.34 0.48

12 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 1.7 1.8 2.5 2.2 5.3

13 Ammonia as NH3 mg/l 0.06 0.11 0.12 0.06 0.11

14 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l 0.26 0.1 0.47 0.14 0.23

15 Sodium as Na mg/l 13 9 12 29 24

16 Potassium as K mg/l 1.2 1.1 2.3 1.1 2.1

17 Calcium as Ca mg/l 16 3.1 6.2 20 15.6

18 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 9.5 1 1.7 9 5

19 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.36 0.06 0.57 0.05 0.07

20 Manganese as Mn mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

21 Phenolic compounds as Phenol

mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

22 Copper as Cu mg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03


Environment


Sl. No.

Characteristics Units SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5

23 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

25 Selenium as Se mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

26 Total Arsenic as As mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

27 Cyanide as CN mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

28 Lead as Pd mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

29 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.14 0.25 0.1 0.26 0.19

30 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03

31 Nickel mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

32 Aluminium as Al mg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03

33 Total Suspended Solids mg/l 2 6 10 <2 2

34 Anionic Surfactants as MBAS mg/l <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025

35 Dissolved Oxygen as O2 mg/l 6.8 7.1 6.6 7.5 7.2

36 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 10 16 22 8 15

37 Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand at 27°C for 3 days

mg/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2

38 Total Coliforms MPN/100ml 18 27 94 54 70

39 E coli MPN/100ml <2 <2 14 <2 9 Note: Date of Sampling 22/11/ 2016




Table 3.7: Water Quality Standards (Source IS 2296:1992)

Characteristics C E

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)mg/l, min 4 -

Biochemical Oxygen demand (BOD)mg/l, max 3 -

Total Coliform Organisms MPN/100ml, max 5,000 -

pH value 6.5-8.5 6.0-8.5

Colour, Hazen units, max. 300 -

Odour - -

Taste - -

Total dissolved solids, mg/l, max. 1,500 2,100

Total hardness (as CaCO3), mg/l, max. - -

Calcium hardness (as CaCO3), mg/l, max. - -

Magnesium hardness (as CaCO3), mg/l, max. - -

Copper (as Cu), mg/l, max. 1.5 -

Iron (as Fe), mg/l, max. 50 -

Choloride (as Cl), mg/l, max. 600 600

Sulphate (as SO4), mg/l, max. 400 1,000

Nitrates (as NO3), mg/l, max. 50 -

Fluorides (as F), mg/l, max. 1.5 -

Phenolic compounds (as C2H5OH), mg/l, max. 0.005 -

Mercury (as Hg), mg/l, max. - -

Cadmium (as Cd), mg/l, max. 0.01 -

Selenium (as Se), mg/l, max. 0.05 -

Arsenic (as As), mg/l, max. 0.2 -

Cyanide (as CN), mg/l, max. 0.05 -

Lead (as Pb), mg/l, max. 0.1 -

Zinc (as Zn), mg/l, max. 15 -

Chromium (as Cr6+), mg/l, max. 0.05 -

Electrical conductivity, micromhos/cm, max - 2,250

Sodium absorption ratio, max - 26

Boron, mg/l, max - 2

Note - C : Drinking water source after conventional treatment and disinfection E : Irrigation, Industrial Cooling, Controlled Waste disposal

3.8.2 Ground Water Quality

Under natural conditions, surface water quality reflects environmental conditions to a great

extent. Hydro-geochemical factors influence colour, odour, taste, temperature and the degree

of mineralisation of water derived from surface run off, springs, etc. Besides, human




settlements, overall land use, morphology of the basin area, seasonal distribution of rainfall

and winds, disposal of industrial effluents and sewage, etc. contribute a great deal in

determining the quality of water. The quality of ground water is influenced by surface and sub-

surface environmental conditions. The quantity and quality of water entering the underground

regime is another important parameter which influences underground water quality. Rainfall

absorbs atmospheric pollutants during its descent through the atmosphere.

During the study period, eight (08) ground water samples were collected from the study area.

The locations of ground water sampling are given in Table 3.8 and shown in Figure 3.12.

Table 3.8: Ground Water Sampling Locations


GW1 Project site 26°07’05.22”N 91°35’51.06”E

-- --

GW 2 Garal 26°08’17.71”N 91°36’06.67”E

NNE 2.3

GW 3 Majir Gaon 26°08’09.14”N 91°34’01.33”E

NW 3.4

GW 4 Azara

26°07’04.95”N 91°36’44.46”E

East 1.4

GW 5 Kahi kuchi 26°06’07.77”N 91°36’02.28”E

SSE 1.7

GW 6 Palasbari

26°07’30.20”N 91°32’37.75”E

West 5.3

GW 7 Pasania Para

26°04’55.79”N 91°34’48.37”E

SSW 4.4

GW 8 Kaita sidhi 26°05’33.57”N 91°34’01.52”E

SW 4.3


Environment


Figure 3.12: Surface and Groundwater Sampling Locations




The analysis results for ground water samples are given in Table 3.9. Indian Standard

Specification for Drinking Water (IS 10500-2012) are given in Table 3.19.

pH: The pH value of ground water samples was found in the range 6.52 to 7.44 and meets

the drinking water acceptable limit of 6.5 to 8.5.

Colour: The colour of ground water samples was found between <1 to 3 hazen unit and

meets the acceptable limit of 5 hazen unit for drinking water standard.

Turbidity: The turbidity of ground water samples was found in the range of <0.5 to 2.8 NTU

and meets the permissible limit for drinking water standard.

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): TDS of ground water samples were found in the range 72 to

257 mg/l and meets the acceptable limit of 500 mg/l in the absence of alternate source.

Calcium: Calcium content in ground water samples was found in the range 8 to 33 mg/l and

meets the acceptable limit of 75 mg/l.

Magnesium: Magnesium content in ground water samples was found in the range 4.4 to 19

mg/l meets the acceptable limit of 30 mg/l.

Sodium as Na: Sodium content in ground water samples was found in the range 14 to 35

mg/l. No limit has been prescribed for Sodium as per Drinking Water Standards : IS

10500;2012.

Potassium as K: Potassium content in ground water samples was found in the range 1 to 2.1

mg/l. No limit has been prescribed for Potassium as per Drinking Water Standards: IS

10500;2012.

Iron: The iron content in ground water samples was found in the range <0.05 to 0.1 mg/l and

found within the acceptable limit of 0.1 mg/l for drinking water.

Total Alkalinity: Total alkalinity values ground water samples were found in the range 50 to

87 mg/l and meets the acceptable limit of 200 mg/l in the absence of alternate source.

Total Hardness: Total hardness values ground water samples were found in the range 34 to

161 mg/l and meets the acceptable limit of 200 mg/l.

Chloride: Chloride content of ground water samples was found the range 9.8 to 83 mg/l and

meets the acceptable limit of 250 mg/l in the absence of alternate source.

Fluoride: Fluoride content of ground water samples was found in the range <0.1 to 0.67 mg/l

and meets the acceptable limit of 1 mg/l in the absence of alternate source.




Sulphate: Sulphate content in ground water samples was found in the range 2 to 26 mg/l and

meets the acceptable limit of 200 mg/l in the absence of alternate source.

Nitrate: Nitrate content in ground water samples was found in the range 2 to 14 mg/l and

meets the acceptable limit of 45 mg/l for drinking water.

Copper: Copper content of water sample was found below <0.03 mg/l and meets the

acceptable limit of 0.05 mg/l for drinking water.

Zinc: Zinc content of water sample was found in the range 0.05 to 0.14 mg/l and meets the

acceptable limit of 5 mg/l for drinking water.

Conclusions: The results of analysis ground water samples were compared to Indian

Standard Specification of drinking water IS: 10500:2012. The monitored parameters are within

the IS: 10500:2012.


Environment


Table 3.9: Ground Water Quality in the Study Area

S. No Parameters Unit GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4

1 Colour Nil 1 1 Nil

2 Odour - No Odour Observed No Odour Observed No Odour Observed No Odour Observed

3 pH at 25°C - 6.85 6.74 6.89 6.64

4 Electrical Conductivity, μS/cm 152 136 274 278

5 Turbidity NTU <0.5 0.5 <0.5 0.5

6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 85 72 152 149

7 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 39 34 78 82

8 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 56 50 87 71

9 Chloride as Cl mg/l 9.8 8.8 37 44

10 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 2 3 8 13

11 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.41 0.13 0.1 0.67

12 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 2.2 5.1 2 14

13 Ammonia as N mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

14 Sodium as Na mg/l 14 15 30 33

15 Potassium as K mg/l 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.1

16 Calcium as Ca mg/l 8 6.2 17 19

17 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 4.7 4.4 8.5 8.5

18 Iron as Fe mg/l <0.05 0.08 0.1 0.06

19 Manganese as Mn mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

20 Phenolic compounds as Phenol mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

21 Copper as Cu mg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03

22 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001


Environment


S. No Parameters Unit GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4

23 Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

24 Selenium as Se mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

25 Total Arsenic as As mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

26 Cyanide as CN mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

27 Lead as Pd mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

28 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.05 0.11 0.14 0.08

29 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03

30 Nickel mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

31 Aluminium as Al mg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03

32 Total Coliforms MPN/100ml <2 8 11 2

33 E coli MPN/100ml <2 <2 <2 <2

Note: Date of Sampling 22/11/ 2016




Table 3.10: Indian Standard Specification for Drinking Water (IS 10500-2012)

Sl. No.

Characteristic Requirement (Acceptable

Limit)

Permissible Limit in the Absence of Alternate Source

Protocol

I Organoleptic and Physical Parameters

i) Colour, Hazen units, Max 5 15 IS 3025 (Part 4)

ii) Odour Agreeable Agreeable IS 3025 (Part 5a)

iii) pH value 6.5-8.5 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 11)

iv) Taste Agreeable Agreeable IS 3025 (Part 7&8)

v) Turbidity, NTU, Max 1 5 IS 3025 (Part 10)

vi) Total dissolved solids, mg/l, Max

500 2000 IS 3025 (Part 16)

II General Parameters Concerning Substances Undesirable in Excessive Amounts

i) Aluminium (as Al), mg/l, Max

0.03 0.2 IS 3025 (Part 55)

ii) Ammonia (as total ammonia-N), mg/l, Max

0.5 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 34)

iii) Anionic detergents (as MBAS) mg/l, Max

0.2 1.0 IS 13428

iv) Barium (as Ba), mg/l, Max 0.7 No relaxation IS 15302

v) Boron (as B), mg/l, Max 0.5 1.0 IS 3025 (Part 57)

vi) Calcium (as Ca), mg/l, Max 75 200 IS 3025 (Part 40)

vii) Chloramines (as Cl2), mg/l, Max

4.0 No relaxation IS

IS 3025 (Part 26)

viii) Chloride (as Cl), mg/l, Max 250 1000 IS 3025 (Part 32)

ix) Copper (as Cu), mg/l, Max 0.05 1.5 IS 3025 (Part 42)

x) Fluoride (as F) mg/l, Max 1.0 1.5 IS 3025 (Part 60)

xi) Free residual chlorine, mg/l, Min

0.2 1 IS 3025 (Part 26)

xii) Iron (as Fe), mg/l, Max 0.3 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 53)

xiii) Magnesium (as Mg), mg/l, Max

30 100 IS 3025 (Part 46)

xiv) Manganese (as Mn), mg/l, Max

0.1 0.3 IS 3025 (Part 59)

xv) Mineral oil, mg/l, Max 0.5 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 39)

xvi) Nitrate (as NO3), mg/l, Max 45 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 34)

xvii) Phenolic compounds (as C6H5OH), mg/l, Max

0.001 0.002 IS 3025 (Part 43)

xviii) Selenium (as Se), mg/l, Max


xix) Silver (as Ag), mg/l, Max 0.1 No relaxation IS 13428

xx) Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l, Max

200 400 IS 3025 (Part 24)

xxi) Sulphide (as H2S), mg/l, Max


xxii) Total alkalinity as Calcium, mg/l, Max

200 600 IS 3025 (Part 23)

xxiii) Total hardness (as CaCO3), mg/l, Max

200 600 IS 3025 (Part 21)

xxiv) Zinc (as Zn), mg/l, Max 5 15 IS 3025 (Part 49) III Parameters Concerning Toxic Substances




Sl. No.

Characteristic Requirement (Acceptable

Limit)

Permissible Limit in the Absence of Alternate Source

Protocol

i) Cadmium (as Cd), mg/l, Max


ii) Cyanide (as CN), mg/l, Max 0.05 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 27)

iii) Lead (as Pb), mg/l, Max 0.01 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 47)

iv) Mercury (as Hg), mg/l, Max 0.001 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 48)

v) Molybdenum (as Mo), mg/l, Max


vi) Nickel (as Ni), mg/l, Max 0.02 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 54)

vii) Polychlorinated biphenyls, mg/l, Max

0.0005 No relaxation APHA 6630

viii) Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (as PAH), mg/l, Max

0.0001 No relaxation APHA 6630

ix) Total Arsenic (as As), mg/l, Max

0.01 0.05 IS 3025 (Part 37)

x) Total chromium (as Cr), mg/l, Max

0.05 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 52

xi) Trihalomethanes

a) Bromoform, mg/l, Max 0.1 No relaxation ASTM D 3973-85 or APHA 6232

b) Dibromochloromethane, mg/l, Max

0.1 No relaxation ASTM D 3973-85 or APHA 6232

c) Bromodichloromethane, mg/l, Max

0.06 No relaxation

ASTM D 3973-85 or APHA 6232

d) Chloroform, mg/l, Max 0.2 No relaxation ASTM D 3973-85 or APHA 6232

IV Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water

i All water intended for drinking, a) E. coli or thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TCB)

Shall not be detectable in any 100 ml sample

3.9 Ambient Air Quality

The ambient air quality with respect to the study area has baseline information. The study

area represents mostly urban, rural/residential environment. The sources of air pollution in

the region are vehicular traffic, engines and DG sets, aircraft opearion, dust arising from

domestic fuel burning. The prime objective of the baseline air quality study is to establish the

existing ambient air quality in study area. This will also be useful for assessing the

conformity to standards of the ambient air quality specified by CPCB.




This section describes the identification of sampling locations, methodology adopted for

monitoring and frequency of sampling. The results of monitoring during the study period are

also presented in this section.

3.9.1 Selection of Sampling Locations

The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been established through a scientifically

designed ambient air quality monitoring network and is based on the following

considerations:

• Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale;

• Topography of the study area;

• Representatives of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline status; and

• Representatives of likely impact areas in the study area.

Ambient air quality monitoring (AAQM) stations were set up at 8 locations with due

consideration to the above mentioned points. The locational details of ambient air quality

monitoring locations are as given in Table 3.11 and shown in Figure 3.13.

Table 3.11: Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations


AAQ1 Project site 26° 7'4.35"N, 91°35'50.44"E -- --

AAQ2 Garal 26°08’18.21”N, 91°36’17.99”E North 2.30

AAQ3 Majir Gaon 26°08’09.33”N, 91°34’01.68”E NW 3.40

AAQ4 Azara 26° 7'2.07"N, 91°36'44.75"E East 1.4

AAQ5 Kahi kuchi 26°06’07.99”N, 91°36’01.96”E SSE 1.7

AAQ6 Palasbari 26°07’16.51”N, 91°32’25.52”E West 5.5

AAQ7 Pasania Para 26°04’55.76”N, 91°34’47.79”E SSW 4.4

AAQ8 Kaita sidhi 26°05’33.08”N, 91°34’02.02”E SW 4.3

3.9.2 Frequency and Parameters for Sampling

Ambient air quality monitoring has been carried out with a frequency of two days per week at

8 locations during the study period. The baseline data of air environment is monitored for the

below mentioned parameters:

• Particulate Matter (PM2.5);

• Particulate Matter (PM10);

• Sulphur dioxide (SO2);

• Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2);

• Carbon monoxides (CO);




• Ammonia (NH3);

• Ozone (O3);

• Lead (Pb);

• Nickle (Ni);

• Arsenic (Ar);

• Benzene; and

• Benzo @ Pyrine

3.9.3 Sampling and Analytical Techniques

The techniques adopted for sampling and analysis are given in Table 3.12 along with the

minimum detection limits for each parameter.

Table 3.12: Techniques Used For Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

S.

No.

Parameter Technique Detectable Limit

(µg / m3)

1 Particulate Matter (PM10) Gravimetric [EPA -40 (CFR Part 50)] 2.0

2 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Gravimetric [EPA -40 (CFR Part 50)] 2.0

3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Improved West and Gaeke 5.0

4 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Modified Jacob & Hochheiser 5.0

5 Carbon Monoxide (CO) NDIR [IS 13270 : 1992] 0.1

6 Ammonia (NH3) Indophenol blue method 5.0

7 Ozone (O3) UV photometric 5.0

8 Lead (Pb) AAS/ICP method 0.1

9 Nickle (Ni) AAS/ICP method 1.0

10 Arsenic (Ar) AAS/ICP method 1.0 ng/m3

11 Benzene Gas chromatography based

continuous analyzer

0.01

12 Benzo @ Pyrine Solvent extraction followed by

HPLC/GC analysis

0.01

EIA for Construction of New Integrated Terminal Building at LGBI Airport, Guwahati by Airports Authority of India Description

of Environment


Figure 3.13: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations




3.9.4 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out eight locations in order to assess the

present air quality of the stydy area. Ambient quality monitoring results are given in Table

3.13 to Table 3.20. National ambient air quality standards are presented in Table 3.22. On

the basis of tabulated results, the following observations can be made:

Particulate Matter (PM10)

Out of 8 monitoring locations with in the study area, maximum and minimum concentrations

for PM10 are 106 µg/m3 and 56 µg/m3, respectively. The mean PM10 concentration was

reorded as 79 µg/m3. The 98 %tile value of PM10 was 103 µg/m3.

Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

Out of 8 monitoring locations with in the study area, maximum and minimum concentrations

for PM2.5 are 66 µg/m3 and 35 µg/m3, respectively. The mean PM2.5 concentration was

reorded as 48 µg/m3. The 98 %tile value of PM2.5 was 63 µg/m3.

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

The maximum and minimum concentrations for SO2 are 11.2 µg/m3 and 5.1 µg/m3,

respectively. The mean SO2 concentration was reorded as 6.8 µg/m3. The 98 %tile value of

SO2 was 10.8 µg/m3.

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

The maximum and minimum concentrations for NO2 are 19.6 µg/m3 and 7.5 µg/m3,

respectively. The mean NO2 concentration was reorded as 13.2 µg/m3. The 98 %tile value of

NO2 was 18.9 µg/m3.

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

The maximum and minimum concentrations for CO are 0.38 µg/m3 and 0.1 µg/m3,

respectively. The mean CO concentration was reorded as 0.18 µg/m3. The 98 %tile value of

CO was 0.32 µg/m3.

Ammonia (NH3)

Ammonia level were below detection limit (<5.0 µg/m3) at all the locations.




Ozone (O3)

Ozone level were below detection limit (<5.0 µg/m3) at all the locations.

Other Components

Lead, Arsenic, Nickel, Benzene and Benzo-pyrene concentrations were below detection limit

at all the locations.

Ambient Air Quality Status

National ambient air quality standards for rural, residential, industrial area and other area for

PM10 and PM2.5 are some time exceeding. However, most of time, values of PM10 and PM2.5

are within the National Ambient Air Quality Standrads for PM10 and PM2.5. Monitored values

for SO2, NO2 and CO are within the National Ambient Air Quality Standrads. The monitored

values for Ammonia (NH3), Ozone (O3), Lead (Pb), Nickle (Ni), Arsenic (Ar), Benzene, and

Benzo @ Pyrine are below the detection limit.

3.10 Noise Measurements

During the study period, preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the

major noise generating sources in the area. The noise at different noise generating sources

has been identified based on the Industrial, commercial and residential activities, traffic and

noise at sensitive areas.

Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements were undertaken at all locations, with an

interval of about 5 seconds over a period of 10 minutes per hour for 24 hr. The day noise

level has been monitored during 6 AM to 10 PM and night levels during 10 PM to 6 AM at all

locations.

On the spot measurement device manufactured by Castle Associates, England was used.

The sound level meter measures the Sound Pressure Level (SPL), the maximum sound

pressure level (Max) and the equivalent continuous noise level (Leq) by switching on the

corresponding function mode. Time constant for fast, slow, impulse and peak responses are

provided and the suitable response conditions can be selected by operating other switch.

The operation of a resetting button permits to erase the maximum hold and integrated

values.


of Environment


Table 3.13 Ambient Air Quality at Project Site (AAQ1)

PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 CO NH3 O3 Lead Benzene Bap Ar Ni

mg/m3 mg/m

3 mg/m

3

S. No.

Date

µg/m3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3

I II III

µg/m3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3 ng/m

3 ng/m

3 ng/m

3

1. 03.10.16 95 52 7.4 17.1 0.13 0.15 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

2. 04.10.16 86 49 5.7 11.9 0.16 0.18 0.13 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

3. 10.10.16 92 51 6.8 13.6 0.19 0.14 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

4. 11.10.16 87 48 7.6 16.2 0.14 0.15 0.19 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

5. 17.10.16 86 43 5.9 15.1 0.15 0.13 0.12 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

6. 18.10.16 99 53 8.6 14.8 0.16 0.14 0.14 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

7. 25.10.16 100 61 6.0 16.9 0.18 0.13 0.16 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

8. 26.10.16 101 64 7.3 16.9 0.15 0.18 0.14 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

9. 01.11.16 97 57 5.9 17.2 0.16 0.15 0.12 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

10. 02.11.16 101 63 6.7 15.8 0.13 0.13 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

11. 08.11.16 103 66 8.1 14.3 0.11 0.11 0.13 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

12. 09.11.16 100 61 6.3 14.0 0.19 0.16 0.18 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

13. 14.11.16 103 57 8.9 13.4 0.16 0.14 0.14 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

14. 15.11.16 94 51 6.5 15.9 0.14 0.11 0.12 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

15. 21.11.16 103 64 7.0 14.8 0.16 0.13 0.15 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

16. 22.11.16 99 49 6.4 16.6 0.15 0.17 0.15 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

17. 28.11.16 89 47 5.9 12.8 0.18 0.16 0.13 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

18. 29.11.16 103 66 6.2 14.9 0.13 0.11 0.16 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

19. 05.12.16 97 53 6.5 12.2 0.2 0.14 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

20. 06.12.16 95 48 7.2 14.6 0.15 0.17 0.14 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

21. 12.12.16 106 63 5.9 14.7 0.17 0.16 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

22. 13.12.16 97 57 6.5 12.9 0.15 0.18 0.13 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

23. 19.12.16 99 63 5.9 14.4 0.19 0.17 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

24. 20.12.16 99 57 6.1 17.7 0.17 0.13 0.14 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

25. 26.12.16 90 46 7.7 15.1 0.13 0.11 0.18 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

26. 27.12.16 103 62 6.3 13.7 0.19 0.14 0.12 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Maximum 106 66 8.9 17.7 0.20 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Minimum 86 43 5.7 11.9 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Average 97 56 6.7 14.9 0.15 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

98 %tile 105 66 8.8 17.5 0.19 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0


of Environment


Table 3.14 : Ambient Air Quality at Garal (AAQ2)


mg/m3 mg/m

3 mg/m

3

S. No.

Date

µg/m3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3

I II III

µg/m3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3 ng/m

3 ng/m

3 ng/m

3

1 03.10.16 75 46 5.8 11.4 0.13 0.12 0.1 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

2 04.10.16 71 41 5.1 9.2 0.16 0.13 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

3 10.10.16 77 43 5.8 10.6 0.11 0.14 0.13 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

4 11.10.16 64 45 5.9 11.1 0.1 0.17 0.1 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

5 17.10.16 70 39 6.1 10.2 0.16 0.14 0.1 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

6 18.10.16 75 44 6.3 9.4 0.13 0.13 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

7 25.10.16 70 41 5.7 9.8 0.14 0.17 0.13 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

8 26.10.16 63 38 5.2 9.9 0.11 0.15 0.15 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

9 01.11.16 73 44 5.6 8.9 0.1 0.14 0.1 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

10 02.11.16 69 43 5.2 10.8 0.14 0.16 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

11 08.11.16 66 40 5.5 9.4 0.15 0.14 0.1 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

12 09.11.16 67 39 6.1 11.7 0.14 0.1 0.15 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

13 14.11.16 69 41 5.7 9.6 0.14 0.12 0.16 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

14 15.11.16 77 44 6.3 10.1 0.16 0.13 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

15 21.11.16 68 39 6.5 9.5 0.13 0.15 0.15 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

16 22.11.16 70 41 6.8 12.3 0.11 0.15 0.12 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

17 28.11.16 74 43 6.4 9.7 0.16 0.14 0.17 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

18 29.11.16 69 41 6.7 12.5 0.12 0.16 0.16 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

19 05.12.16 79 47 5.9 10.4 0.12 0.11 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

20 06.12.16 71 43 6.3 9.9 0.16 0.15 0.13 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

21 12.12.16 80 47 6.5 10.6 0.15 0.14 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

22 13.12.16 71 41 5.4 9.9 0.12 0.15 0.1 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

23 19.12.16 69 43 5.1 11.4 0.11 0.13 0.13 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

24 20.12.16 66 38 5.3 8.9 0.17 0.15 0.1 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

25 26.12.16 74 44 5.6 9.5 0.14 0.12 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

26 27.12.16 62 38 5.3 10.4 0.13 0.12 0.14 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Maximum 80 47 6.8 12.5 0.17 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Minimum 62 38 5.1 8.9 0.10 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Average 71 42 5.8 10.3 0.13 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

98 %tile 80 47 6.7 12.4 0.17 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0


of Environment


Table 3.15 : Ambient Air Quality at Palasbari (AAQ3)


mg/m3 mg/m

3 mg/m

3

S. No.

Date

µg/m3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3

I II III

µg/m3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3 ng/m

3 ng/m

3 ng/m

3

1 07.10.16 66 38 5.5 8.9 0.16 0.13 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

2 08.10.16 70 42 5.2 10.5 0.14 0.11 0.14 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

3 14.10.16 59 36 5.3 9.3 0.15 0.16 0.17 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

4 15.10.16 81 52 5.9 9.7 0.14 0.11 0.13 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

5 21.10.16 69 43 5.5 8.1 0.13 0.14 0.15 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

6 22.10.16 58 38 6.1 10.3 0.16 0.15 0.13 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

7 29.10.16 63 38 5.2 10.4 0.15 0.13 0.14 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

8 30.10.16 87 53 5.9 10.7 0.12 0.13 0.15 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

9 05.11.16 69 43 5.6 10.3 0.14 0.12 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

10 06.11.16 63 39 5.4 9.8 0.13 0.14 0.16 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

11 12.11.16 78 47 6.3 7.5 0.14 0.17 0.13 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

12 13.11.16 67 42 5.2 10.1 0.15 0.16 0.12 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

13 18.11.16 60 39 5.5 8.9 0.11 0.14 0.16 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

14 19.11.16 67 37 5.6 9.4 0.17 0.11 0.17 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

15 25.11.16 64 39 5.8 8.1 0.12 0.12 0.12 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

16 26.11.16 59 35 6.2 10.3 0.15 0.13 0.18 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

17 02.12.16 69 38 5.3 9.5 0.16 0.14 0.13 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

18 03.12.16 77 46 6.1 10.7 0.11 0.15 0.15 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

19 09.12.16 62 38 5.3 9.5 0.15 0.12 0.16 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

20 10.12.16 70 41 5.7 9.8 0.14 0.13 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

21 16.12.16 84 49 5.9 9.7 0.13 0.16 0.14 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

22 17.12.16 59 42 5.4 8.1 0.13 0.15 0.12 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

23 23.12.16 67 41 5.8 9.1 0.11 0.13 0.14 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

24 24.12.16 61 37 5.9 10.9 0.15 0.12 0.15 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

25 30.12.16 69 43 5.6 8.1 0.14 0.11 0.13 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

26 31.12.16 61 38 5.4 10.7 0.15 0.14 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Maximum 87 53 6.3 10.9 0.18 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Minimum 58 35 5.2 7.5 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Average 68 41 5.6 9.6 0.14 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

98 %tile 85 53 6.3 10.8 0.17 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0


of Environment


Table 3.16 : Ambient Air Quality at Mazir Gaon (AAQ4) PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 CO NH3 O3 Lead Benzene Bap Ar Ni

mg/m3 mg/m

3 mg/m

3

S. No.

Date

µg/m3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3

I II III

µg/m3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3 ng/m

3 ng/m

3 ng/m

3

1 03.10.16 81 47 9.5 15.6 0.21 0.23 0.2 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

2 04.10.16 83 51 10.8 17.5 0.21 0.22 0.2 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

3 10.10.16 84 49 9.9 15.9 0.26 0.28 0.27 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

4 11.10.16 92 53 10.1 12.3 0.21 0.26 0.23 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

5 17.10.16 83 49 9.7 15.9 0.24 0.27 0.24 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

6 18.10.16 83 50 7.9 16.1 0.26 0.25 0.27 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

7 25.10.16 84 52 10.8 15.4 0.23 0.26 0.22 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

8 26.10.16 87 47 9.3 13.4 0.25 0.24 0.26 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

9 01.11.16 90 49 10.2 14.9 0.23 0.21 0.27 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

10 02.11.16 87 47 7.9 15.4 0.23 0.22 0.28 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

11 08.11.16 92 51 8.8 17.3 0.2 0.2 0.24 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

12 09.11.16 84 52 11.1 13.4 0.22 0.23 0.26 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

13 14.11.16 93 58 9.7 16.3 0.36 0.32 0.27 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

14 15.11.16 87 48 10.8 13.1 0.28 0.32 0.25 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

15 21.11.16 92 55 9.6 18.4 0.22 0.22 0.21 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

16 22.11.16 85 54 10.5 14.9 0.24 0.26 0.23 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

17 28.11.16 80 49 11.2 15.9 0.23 0.26 0.19 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

18 29.11.16 82 54 10.6 13.4 0.25 0.24 0.18 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

19 05.12.16 87 53 9.7 12.7 0.23 0.21 0.19 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

20 06.12.16 86 51 8.4 17.4 0.21 0.2 0.18 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

21 12.12.16 84 55 8.8 13.8 0.23 0.26 0.22 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

22 13.12.16 81 53 10.9 14.5 0.25 0.24 0.23 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

23 19.12.16 77 45 10.4 16.9 0.23 0.21 0.27 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

24 20.12.16 86 52 7.6 17.1 0.23 0.22 0.2 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

25 26.12.16 81 54 9.4 13.8 0.28 0.26 0.22 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

26 27.12.16 80 51 7.3 13.7 0.22 0.21 0.19 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Maximum 92.8 58.0 11.2 18.4 0.36 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Minimum 77.4 45.4 7.3 12.3 0.18 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Average 85.1 51.1 9.7 15.2 0.24 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

98 %tile 92.6 56.5 11.2 18.0 0.32 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0


of Environment


Table 3.17 : Ambient Air Quality at AZARA (AAQ5) PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 CO NH3 O3 Lead Benzene Bap Ar Ni

mg/m3 mg/m

3 mg/m

3

S. No.

Date

µg/m3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3

I II III

µg/m3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3 ng/m

3 ng/m

3 ng/m

3

1 05.10.16 84 49 6.3 14.8 0.26 0.21 0.18 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

2 06.10.16 74 44 7.8 16.2 0.24 0.19 0.23 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

3 12.10.16 82 48 6.5 17.3 0.22 0.16 0.16 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

4 13.10.16 78 43 8.4 18.6 0.18 0.2 0.15 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

5 19.10.16 77 44 6.4 14.7 0.22 0.24 0.18 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

6 20.10.16 88 53 8.1 13.2 0.21 0.19 0.18 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

7 27.10.16 89 51 6.4 17.5 0.23 0.27 0.21 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

8 28.10.16 78 47 7.4 13.6 0.19 0.23 0.17 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

9 03.11.16 77 45 5.7 14.5 0.24 0.29 0.19 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

10 04.11.16 87 54 6.1 14.2 0.22 0.17 0.16 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

11 10.11.16 92 57 6.3 13.7 0.16 0.19 0.16 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

12 11.11.16 79 48 8.2 14.8 0.18 0.24 0.19 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

13 16.11.16 90 55 6.3 19.6 0.21 0.23 0.18 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

14 17.11.16 79 47 7.4 14.7 0.19 0.21 0.23 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

15 23.11.16 82 51 6.6 14.9 0.22 0.26 0.2 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

16 24.11.16 90 53 6.9 14.8 0.2 0.22 0.18 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

17 30.11.16 81 47 7.5 14.1 0.18 0.17 0.15 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

18 01.12.16 82 48 6.8 14.8 0.19 0.15 0.17 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

19 07.12.16 89 55 7.7 15.7 0.21 0.17 0.19 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

20 08.12.16 80 47 6.4 18.9 0.24 0.22 0.2 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

21 14.12.16 87 55 6.6 19.1 0.17 0.19 0.23 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

22 15.12.16 89 53 8.4 16.2 0.19 0.22 0.2 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

23 21.12.16 74 44 7.4 18.3 0.28 0.24 0.21 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

24 22.12.16 84 49 6.6 16.9 0.24 0.19 0.24 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

25 28.12.16 80 47 7.3 17.9 0.23 0.21 0.23 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

26 29.12.16 91 54 6.7 15.8 0.22 0.24 0.18 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Maximum 92 57 8.4 19.6 0.29 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Minimum 74 43 5.7 13.2 0.15 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Average 83 50 7.0 16.0 0.20 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

98 %tile 92 56 8.4 19.4 0.27 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0


of Environment


Table 3.18 : Ambient Air Quality at Kahi Kuchi (AAQ6) PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 CO NH3 O3 Lead Benzene Bap Ar Ni

mg/m3 mg/m

3 mg/m

3

S. No.

Date

µg/m3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3

I II III

µg/m3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3 ng/m

3 ng/m

3 ng/m

3

1 05.10.16 82 50 5.3 11.6 0.27 0.28 0.26 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

2 06.10.16 75 43 5.4 12.6 0.25 0.25 0.25 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

3 12.10.16 74 41 6.7 11.4 0.28 0.27 0.24 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

4 13.10.16 67 43 6.1 12.7 0.33 0.25 0.27 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

5 19.10.16 78 48 6.9 15.9 0.29 0.25 0.24 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

6 20.10.16 60 39 5.4 10.4 0.24 0.29 0.28 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

7 27.10.16 73 44 5.8 13.6 0.28 0.27 0.25 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

8 28.10.16 68 41 5.3 11.7 0.25 0.25 0.29 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

9 03.11.16 75 46 6.7 12.4 0.27 0.27 0.26 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

10 04.11.16 56 54 5.9 12.5 0.24 0.22 0.31 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

11 10.11.16 71 44 6.3 11.4 0.28 0.36 0.33 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

12 11.11.16 62 38 5.7 10.1 0.3 0.33 0.28 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

13 16.11.16 74 44 5.6 11.6 0.36 0.32 0.27 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

14 17.11.16 57 51 5.4 12.7 0.33 0.23 0.25 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

15 23.11.16 74 44 5.9 12.9 0.31 0.25 0.27 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

16 24.11.16 63 53 5.3 12.3 0.25 0.28 0.26 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

17 30.11.16 74 54 6.5 11.9 0.27 0.23 0.25 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

18 01.12.16 62 47 6.9 14.7 0.31 0.22 0.27 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

19 07.12.16 77 54 6.5 13.4 0.26 0.27 0.23 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

20 08.12.16 78 49 5.3 14.6 0.23 0.25 0.27 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

21 14.12.16 64 53 6.5 13.7 0.34 0.28 0.24 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

22 15.12.16 75 54 7.2 12.8 0.25 0.38 0.28 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

23 21.12.16 79 56 6.4 12.9 0.34 0.26 0.32 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

24 22.12.16 68 54 5.6 13.4 0.27 0.3 0.27 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

25 28.12.16 80 51 5.8 14.3 0.34 0.29 0.32 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

26 29.12.16 76 53 6.5 12.4 0.28 0.29 0.26 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Maximum 82 56 7.2 15.9 0.38 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Minimum 56 38 5.3 10.1 0.22 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Average 71 48 6.0 12.7 0.28 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

98 %tile 81 55 7.1 15.3 0.36 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0


of Environment


Table 3.19 : Ambient Air Quality at Pasaina Poola (AAQ7)


mg/m3 mg/m

3 mg/m

3

S. No.

Date

µg/m3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3

I II III

µg/m3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3 ng/m

3 ng/m

3 ng/m

3

1 07.10.16 70.6 44 5.1 10.3 0.1 0.15 0.1 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

2 08.10.16 63.8 39 6.7 10.9 0.14 0.11 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

3 14.10.16 71.6 43 5.3 9.7 0.12 0.13 0.13 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

4 15.10.16 64.9 39 6.6 13.8 0.15 0.11 0.15 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

5 21.10.16 82.3 51 5.7 11.4 0.11 0.13 0.13 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

6 22.10.16 61.5 38 6.6 11.5 0.1 0.11 0.15 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

7 29.10.16 67.6 46 5.2 9.9 0.13 0.11 0.1 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

8 30.10.16 81.7 49 6.7 10.8 0.11 0.13 0.12 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

9 05.11.16 69.5 44 6.1 13.6 0.11 0.11 0.16 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

10 06.11.16 62.3 37 5.3 10.1 0.1 0.15 0.14 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

11 12.11.16 73.9 48 5.2 12.3 0.15 0.12 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

12 13.11.16 65.4 41 7.3 12.6 0.13 0.11 0.13 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

13 18.11.16 70.9 42 8.3 10.4 0.13 0.11 0.16 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

14 19.11.16 67.1 40 6.7 12.2 0.11 0.14 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

15 25.11.16 79.2 49 7.3 11.5 0.16 0.11 0.1 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

16 26.11.16 70.9 43 5.8 13.3 0.12 0.14 0.15 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

17 02.12.16 69.0 41 6.6 10.4 0.11 0.1 0.15 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

18 03.12.16 80.6 49 7.3 15.3 0.1 0.12 0.14 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

19 09.12.16 90.3 57 6.3 10.1 0.1 0.1 0.13 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

20 10.12.16 72.2 44 7.1 12.7 0.13 0.16 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

21 16.12.16 80.0 52 5.8 9.9 0.15 0.12 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

22 17.12.16 72.8 45 6.6 12.5 0.13 0.11 0.14 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

23 23.12.16 60.5 38 5.3 11.3 0.16 0.14 0.13 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

24 24.12.16 72.3 44 5.5 13.1 0.11 0.13 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

25 30.12.16 78.6 47 5.4 10.8 0.13 0.11 0.13 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

26 31.12.16 70.0 43 6.7 9.9 0.15 0.14 0.14 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Maximum 90 57 8.3 15.3 0.16 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Minimum 61 37 5.1 9.7 0.10 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Average 72 44 6.3 11.6 0.12 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

98 %tile 86 55 7.8 14.6 0.16 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0


of Environment


Table 3.20 : Ambient Air Quality at Kaita Sidhi Poola (AAQ8)


mg/m3 mg/m

3 mg/m

3

S. No.

Date µg/m3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3

I II III

µg/m3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3 µg/m

3 ng/m

3 ng/m

3 ng/m

3

1 07.10.16 83 49 7.4 14.5 0.18 0.14 0.16 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

2 08.10.16 86 52 6.5 13.2 0.16 0.19 0.15 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

3 14.10.16 79 48 6.8 13.8 0.22 0.18 0.16 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

4 15.10.16 78 44 6.5 17.2 0.14 0.17 0.19 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

5 21.10.16 83 49 7.1 17.6 0.18 0.22 0.17 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

6 22.10.16 78 46 7.9 14.1 0.19 0.18 0.2 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

7 29.10.16 77 44 7.4 18.7 0.21 0.18 0.16 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

8 30.10.16 76 41 7.2 14.7 0.18 0.15 0.14 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

9 05.11.16 87 52 6.9 15.2 0.22 0.19 0.21 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

10 06.11.16 92 55 6.5 17.9 0.16 0.17 0.16 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

11 12.11.16 85 49 6.9 16.2 0.19 0.22 0.17 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

12 13.11.16 88 51 7.4 16.3 0.15 0.19 0.21 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

13 18.11.16 83 47 6.9 17.9 0.17 0.14 0.18 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

14 19.11.16 92 55 6.5 14.2 0.16 0.21 0.22 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

15 25.11.16 91 57 7.0 19.0 0.18 0.19 0.2 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

16 26.11.16 89 52 7.1 15.7 0.13 0.21 0.18 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

17 02.12.16 87 51 6.8 18.6 0.19 0.17 0.15 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

18 03.12.16 83 49 6.4 14.0 0.22 0.22 0.19 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

19 09.12.16 86 52 7.8 11.5 0.18 0.14 0.17 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

20 10.12.16 85 47 7.3 18.2 0.16 0.2 0.19 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

21 16.12.16 88 51 6.4 14.7 0.19 0.22 0.21 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

22 17.12.16 87 52 6.9 14.9 0.22 0.16 0.18 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

23 23.12.16 79 50 7.4 19.1 0.17 0.19 0.19 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

24 24.12.16 89 54 6.2 14.7 0.18 0.22 0.21 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

25 30.12.16 94 55 7.6 15.8 0.17 0.19 0.21 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

26 31.12.16 92 52 7.8 13.9 0.18 0.16 0.18 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0 Maximum 94 57 7.9 19.1 0.22 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Minimum 76 41 6.2 11.5 0.13 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Average 85 50 7.0 15.8 0.18 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

98 %tile 93 56 7.9 19.1 0.22 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0


of Environment


Table 3.21 : Summary of Ambient Air Quality in the Study Area

PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 CO NH3 O3 Lead Benzene Bap As Ni Locations Statistics

µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 mg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 ng/m3 ng/m3 ng/m3

Maximum 106 66 8.9 17.7 0.20 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Minimum 86 43 5.7 11.9 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Average 97 56 6.7 14.9 0.15 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Project Site (AAQ1)

98th Percentile 105 66 8.8 17.5 0.19 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Maximum 80 47 6.8 12.5 0.17 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Minimum 62 38 5.1 8.9 0.10 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Average 71 42 5.8 10.3 0.13 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Garal (AAQ2)

98th Percentile 80 47 6.7 12.4 0.17 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Maximum 87 53 6.3 10.9 0.18 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Minimum 58 35 5.2 7.5 0.11 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Average 68 41 5.6 9.6 0.14 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Palasbari (AAQ3)

98th Percentile 85 53 6.3 10.8 0.17 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <1.0 <1.0

Maximum 93 58 11.2 18.4 0.36 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Minimum 77 45 7.3 12.3 0.18 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Average 85 51 9.7 15.2 0.24 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Mazir Gaon (AAQ4)

98th Percentile 93 57 11.2 18.0 0.32 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Maximum 92 57 8.4 19.6 0.29 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Minimum 74 43 5.7 13.2 0.15 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Average 83 50 7.0 16.0 0.20 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Azara (AAQ5)

98th Percentile 92 56 8.4 19.4 0.27 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Maximum 82 56 7.2 15.9 0.38 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Minimum 56 38 5.3 10.1 0.22 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Average 71 48 6.0 12.7 0.28 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Kahi Kuchi (AAQ6)

98th Percentile 81 55 7.1 15.3 0.36 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Maximum 90 57 8.3 15.3 0.16 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Minimum 61 37 5.1 9.7 0.10 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Average 72 44 6.3 11.6 0.12 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Pasaina Poola

(AAQ7) 98th Percentile 86 55 7.8 14.6 0.16 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Kaita Sidhi Maximum 94 57 7.9 19.1 0.22 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01


of Environment


PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 CO NH3 O3 Lead Benzene Bap As Ni Locations Statistics

µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 mg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 ng/m3 ng/m3 ng/m3

Minimum 76 41 6.2 11.5 0.13 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

Average 85 50 7.0 15.8 0.18 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

(AAQ8)

98th Percentile 93 56 7.9 19.1 0.22 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01

NAAQS (24 hours average) 100 60 80 80 4 400 80 1 5 1 6 20



ABC Techno Labs India Pvt. Ltd.

3-47

Table 3.22: National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Concentration in Ambient Air Sl.No Pollutant Time Weighted Average Industrial

Residential, Rural &

Other Areas

Ecologically Sensitive Area

(Notified by Central

Government)

Annual Average* 50 20 1. Sulphur dioxide (SO2)(µg/m3)

24 Hours** 80 80

Annual Average* 40 30 2. Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) (µg/m3)

24 Hours** 80 80

Annual Average* 60 60 3. Particulate Matter (Size Less Then

10 µm) or PM10 (µg/m3) 24 Hours** 100 100

Annual Average* 40 40 4. Particulate Matter (Size Less Then

2.5 µm) or PM2.5 (µg/m3) 24 Hours** 60 60

8 Hours* 100 100 5. Ozone O3 (µg/m3)

1 Hours** 80 80

Annual Average* 0.5 0.5 6. Lead (Pb) (µg/m3)

24 Hours** 1.0 1.0

Annual Average* 2 2 7. Carbon monoxide (CO) (mg/m3)

24 Hours** 4 4

Annual Average* 100 100 8. Ammonia (NH3) (µg/m3)

24 Hours** 400 400

9. Benzene (C6H6) (µg/m3) Annual* 5 5

10. Benzo (a) Pyrane (BaP) particulate phase only (ng/m

3)

Annual* 1 1

11. Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) Annual* 6 6

12. Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) Annual* 20 20

Note:

* Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24

hourly at uniform interval.

** 24 hourly /8 hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year. However 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.

For noise levels measured over a given period of time interval, it is possible to describe

important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated using the percent of

the time certain noise levels are exceeded during the time interval. The notation for the

statistical quantities of the noise levels are described below:

• L10 is noise level exceeded 10 % of the time;

• L50 is noise level exceeded 50 % of the time; and

• L90 is noise level exceeded 90 % of the time.

Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (Leq)

The Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound

energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same period. This is necessary

because sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time. This

is calculated from the following equation:




3-48

L eq(hrly) = L50+ (L10 - L90)2/60

Also:

• Lday is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during day (6

AM to 10 PM).

• Lnight is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during night

(10 PM to 6 AM).

Hourly measurements have been carried out in day and night time at Project Site, Garal,

Majir Gaon, Azara, Kahi Kuchi, Palasbari, Pasania Para, Kaita Sidhi locations during study

period. Noise Measurement locations are given in Table 3.23 and shown in Figure 3.14.

Table 3.23: Noise Measurement Locations in Study Area

Code Name Co-ordinates Direction Distance (km) N1 Project site 26°07’06.31”N, 91°35’51.80”E -- -- N 2 Garal 26°08’18.21”N, 91°36’18.03”E NNE 2.30

N 3 Majir Gaon 26°08’09.30”N, 91°34’01.59”E NW 3.40 N 4 Azara 26°07’04.30”N, 91°36’44.16”E East 1.4 N 5 Kahi kuchi 26°06’07.92”N, 91°36’02.09”E SSE 1.85

N 6 Palasbari 26°07’16.61”N, 91°32’25.74”E West 5.50 N 7 Pasania Para 26°04’55.76”N, 91°34’47.79”E SSW 4.4

N 8 Kaita sidhi 26°05’33.10”N, 91°34’02.09”E SW 4.30

Day and night-time Leq have been calculated from measured hourly leq values. Day and

night time Leq at monitoring locations are given in Table 3.24. Ambient standards in respect

of noise are given in Table 3.25.

Table 3.24 gives the day and night-time Leq noise levels. The measured Leq noise levels

are below the prescribed limit stipulated for commercial area at the Guwahati Airport

Terminal and Residential area at Garal, Majir Gaon, Azara, Kahi Kuchi, Palasbari, Pasania

Para, Kaita Sidhi in the study area.

Table 3.24 - Day and Night Time Leq in the Area Observed value Leq,dB(A) S.

No. Noise Measurement Locations

Category of Locations Lday Lnight

1. Project site Commercial 69.4 60.8

2. Garal Residential 53.8 42.3

3. Majir Gaon Residential 58.3 51.6

4. Azara Residential 63.1 55.8

5. Kahi Kuchi Residential 69.2 57.5

6. Palasbari Residential 51.6 42.3

7. Pasania Para Residential 53.9 41.9

8. Kaita Sidhi Residential 53.4 42.6


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3-49

Figure 3.14: Noise Monitoring Locations




3-50

Table 3.25: Ambient Standards in Respect of Noise

Leq. Limits in dB(A) Area Code Category of Area

Day Time Night Time

A Industrial Area 75 70

B Commercial Area 65 55

C Residential Area 55 45

D Silence Zone 50 40 Note: 1. Day-time is reckoned in between 6:00 a.m and 10:00 p.m.

2. Night time is reckoned is between 10:00 p.m and 6.00 a.m.

3. Silence Zone is defined as areas upto 100 m around such premises as hospitals,

educational, institutions and Courts. The Silence Zones are to be declared by the competent

authority.

3.11 Landuse Use and Land Classification

The mapping of land use and land cover of the area falling within the 10 km buffer zone of

the proposed project is undertaken with the help of topographical data, satellite data and

field studies.

The land use and land cover (LULC) map have been prepared by adopting the interpretation

techniques of the image in conjunction with collateral data and ground truth. Image

classification was done by using visual interpretation techniques and digital classification

using ArcGIS 9.3.1 image processing software. LANDSAT 8 image were acquired and used

to evaluate LULC changes. The image processing software is used for preprocessing,

rectification, and classifying the satellite data for preparation of land use land cover map for

assessing and monitoring the temporal changes in land use land cover and land

developmental activities.

The land use map covering the study area is given as Figure 3.15 and land use pattern are

tabulated in Table 3.26. The distribution of land use land cover categories in the study area

in Figure 3.16

Table 3.26: Land Use Pattern of Study Area

Sl. No. Particulars Area (in Sq Km) Percentage (%)

1. Agricultural Land 84.76 26.99

2. Settlement 29.10 9.26

3. Vegetation 96.02 30.57

4. Dry River Bed 23.79 7.57

5. Water body 28.79 9.17

6. Marshy Land 36.41 11.59

7. Open Shrub land 15.22 4.85

Total 314.09 100


Environment


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Figure 3.15 : Land Use Land Cover Within the Study Area




3-52

The above table indicates that, more than 50% of the study area is covered by vegetation &

agriculture covering and followed by marshy land (11.59.9%), Settlement (9.26%), water

body (9.17%) and dry river bed (9.17%), whereas the open shrub land is 4.85% in the study

area.

3.12 Biological Environment

Ecosystem shows complex inter-relationships between biotic and abiotic components

leading to dependence, competition and mutualism. Biotic components comprise both plant

and animal communities, interacting not only within and between themselves but also with

the abiotic components of the environment. The map showing the bio-geographic provinces

of India is shown in Figure 3.17.

Generally, biological communities are good indicators of climatic and edaphic factors

because of their strong relationships with them. The studies on the biological aspects of the

ecosystem are important in Environment Impact Assessment studies for the suitability of

natural flora & fauna. Information on the impact of environment stress on the community

structure serves as an inexpensive and efficient early warning system to check the damage

on a particular ecosystem. The biological environment includes mainly terrestrial and

aquatic ecosystem.

Assam state is part of the transition zone between the Indo-Malayan and Indo-Chinese

biogeographical regions. Favorable climate, topographic and edaphic factors support

luxuriant growth of diverse plant communities and create varied habitats. The project site is

located in Guwahati city in Kamrup district of Assam. The Brahmaputra river flows in east to

Figure 3.16 : Distribution of Landuse Land Cover In The Study Area




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west direction and others like Kulsi river flows towards southern side. Water bodies like

Deepor beel, Dighori Beel lie in the buffer zone.

A change in the composition of biotic communities under stress is reflected through a

change in the distribution pattern, density, diversity, frequency, dominance and abundance

of natural species of fauna and flora existing in the ecosystem. These changes over a span

of times can be quantified and related to the existing environment.

3.12.1 Objectives

The objectives of ecological study during the study period may be outlined as follows:

• To characterize the environmental components like land, water, flora and fauna;

• To understand their present status;

• To understand carrying capacity of the ecosystem;

• To assess present bio-diversity; and

• To identify susceptible and sensitive areas.

This study has been carried out during the early spring season during January 2017 during

study period for the purpose of providing an independent and comprehensive baseline

assessment of the flora, terrestrial vertebrate, aquatic fauna and associated habitat values

of the site and within 10 Km radius area around the Guwahati Airport terminal and a

subsequent assessment of potential ecological impacts from the proposed plant activities.

The study area falls under North East as far as the Indian Biogeographical Zones (Rodger,

Panwar, and Mathur 2000) are concerned. Under the biogeographical provinces, the study

area falls under the category of 9A- North East- Brahmaputra Valley. The study area of 10

km radius does have Garbahnga Forest land and the main land use feature of the study

area is comprised habitation and cultivating lands. From the primary observations, the tree

species recorded in the forest were Lagerstroemia flos reginae (Ajhar), Cocos nucifera

(Coconut), Shorea robusta (Sal), Borassus flabellifer (Tal), Bombax malabaricum (Simul)

etc.

The detailed ecological assessment of the study area has been carried out with the following

objectives:

• To establish the present status of ecological conditions surrounding the project location;

• To study the existing anthropogenic stresses on the prevailing ecosystem.

• To identify and predict the likely impacts on the local ecosystem from the proposed

activities;

• To list out floral species, terrestrial vertebrate and aquatic flora and fauna present within

the study area, and significance status under The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972;

• To define ecological/conservation status of each species as per IUCN categories (Red

Data List).

• To formulate mitigatory measures and a sustainable Environmental Management Plan

(EMP) basing upon the likely impacts.




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During survey, following aspects were considered for ecological studies:

• Assessment of present status of flora and fauna;

• Identification of rare and endangered species of plants and animals (if any);

• Identification of ecologically sensitive areas within the study area;

• Assessment of migratory route of wildlife (if any); and

• Assessment of Aquatic Ecology with specific reference to aquatic birds and fishery

resources.

3.12.2 Methodology

Terrestrial investigations for flora and fauna records were collected by random field survey

and a checklist was prepared. During field survey, discussions with the local people were

carried-out to collect information related to local biodiversity in and around the villages. The

ecological status of the study area has been assessed based on the following methodology:

Figure 3.17: Map showing the Bio-Gographic Provinces of India




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• Primary field surveys to establish primary baseline of the study area;

• Compilation of secondary information available in published literatures/working plan was

referred from State Forest Department.

• Site Verification and finalization in consultation with Project proponent, local inhabitants.

• Vegetation analysis through quadrate method using sampling plots of 10m x 10m.

� 10m X 10m for tree species (record trees >25 cm in GBHOB /species);

� 3m X 3m [four plots] was laid along diagonals wherein all the shrubs recorded.

� 1m X 1m [five plots], one at the centre and four at one per quadrate] was laid and

herbs, grasses in five plots to be noted.

Protocol for Sampling through Quadrate Method

The standard method chosen for the assessment of plant diversity involves the use of

square vegetation quadrates (‘plots’). These quadrates were used to measure most

vegetation attributes in most vegetation types. Quadrate locations marked by pegs or

sometimes by grid system.

The study area is demarcated as 10 km from the periphery of project area based on the

MoEF&CC guidelines. After demarcation, the study area is divided into sampling units, i.e.

the areas which are approximately true representative of the whole area, and were sampled

for the identification of plant and animal species.

A. Floral Study

The assessment of the flora of the study area is done by an extensive field survey of the

area.

• Plants species were identified based on their specific diagnostics characters of family,

genus and species using available floral, other related literature and herbarium Botanical

Survey of India (BSI).

• Besides the identification of plant species, information was collected on the vernacular

names and uses of plants made by local inhabitants.

• Qualitative analysis of vegetation is made by two different methods such as floristic (by

simple studying various genera and species of various plant groups i.e. herbs, shrubs,

trees etc).

B. Phyto-sociology

A nested quadrates technique was used for sampling the vegetation. All the plots sampled

were representative of most common types, sampling 10m x 10m for trees and 3m x 3m for

shrubs, 1m x 1m for herbs square meter quadrates were laid. Selection of sites for sampling

of vegetation is done by random sampling procedure. However, in general to study the

phytosociological attributes, quadrates of 10 m × 10 m size for tree species are randomly




3-56

laid out at each site at different elevations. Then the observation on the following parameters

is recorded:

1. Name of the species.

2. Number of the occurrence of each species in each quadrate.

The field data for phytosociological studies was collected in the study area. Vegetation data

was quantitatively analyzed for frequency, density and dominance using standard

methodologies. The relative values of frequency, density, and dominance of all the recorded

species was summed up to represent Importance Value Index (IVI). Not only IVI facilitates

comparison between species of a community, but also the data collected on dispersion,

number and cover can be profitably used in comparing the vegetation structure of two or

more stands or of the same stand over a period of time. Vegetation structure with respect of

varying environmental factors can also be studied through such studies in sets of varying

environmental conditions. The IVI was determined as the sum of the relative frequency,

relative density and relative dominance. It thus incorporate three important parameters that

measures of productivity and diversity of every species therefore.

IVI = Relative frequency + Relative density + Relative dominance

C. Faunal Study Ground surveys are carried out by trekking the study area for identification of important

animal groups such as birds, mammals and reptiles for sampling of animals through the

following methods.

• For sampling birds/ avifauna ‘point sampling’ along the fixed transects (foot trails) were

done to record all the species of birds with the help of binoculars; field guides and

photography for more than 1 hour on each transect (n=4).

• For sampling mammals, ‘direct count on open width (20 m) transect’ were used on the

same transects. Besides, information on recent sightings/records of mammals by the

locals are also collected from the study areas.

• ‘Reptiles’ mainly lizards were sampled by ‘direct count on open width transects’.

• Secondary information collected from local villagers, published government data etc.

List of the endangered and endemic species as per the schedule of The Wildlife

Protection Act, 1972

Emphasis is given to identify avifauna and mammals to determine the presence and

absence of Schedule-1 species, listed in The Wildlife Protection Act 1972, as well as in Red

List of IUCN. Various methods used for study animals are as follows:

A. Point Survey Method: Observations were made at each site for 15-20 min duration.

B. Road Side Counts: The observer travelled by motor vehicles from site to site and all

sightings were recorded.




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3.12.3 Floristic Composition

The ecology and diversity survey was conducted in the 10 km radius in the study area and

the surrounding area. It is observed that human settlements present within the study area of

10 km radius and many of villages have moderate ranges of plantations. Most of the

vegetation area is in agricultural fields. During site assessment several floral species

encountered within the 10 km radius area. The Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 prohibits

picking, uprooting, damaging, destroying, acquiring or collecting six species of plants from

forest land and any area specified, by notification, by the Central Government [Clause 17A

of Chapter IIIA (Protection of Specified Plants), page 346 of Handbook Vol.1]. The six

species are: Beddome’s cycad (Cycas beddomei), Blue Vanda (Vanda coerulea), Kuth

(Sassurea lappa), Ladies slipper orchids (Paphiopedilum sp.), Pitcher plant (Nepenthes

khasiana), Red Vanda (Rananthera imshootiana). None of these species is recorded in the

forests of the study area.

Interspersed with crop fields were patches of scrub land. This land was especially the village

waste land and the vegetation was scrub type. The predominant species herein was

Lagerstroemia flos reginae (Ajhar), Cocos nucifera (Coconut), Shorea robusta (Sal),

Borassus flabellifer (Tal), Bombax malabaricum (Simul). Total 6 nos. of quadrates has been

considered for the study of the floral species in the 10 km radius around the study area. The

quadrates of size 10 m X 10 m have been taken as plot for study of tree, shrubs, and herbs.

The most of the vegetation found is of deciduous type.

The following species were encountered from the study area during the field visits as given

in Table 3.27.

Table 3.27: Floristic Diversity in the Study Area

Sl. No

Scientific Name Common Name

Family IUCN Conservation Status

Tree

1 Lagerstroemia flos reginae Ajhar Lythraceae Not yet Assessed

2 Spondias pinnata Amra Anacardiaceae Not yet Assessed

3 Cassia fistula Sonal Leguminosae Not yet Assessed

4 Emblica officinalis Amlokhi Phyllanthaceae Not yet Assessed

5 Ficus elastica Atha bor Moraceae Not yet Assessed

6 Ficus bengalensis Bot Moraceae Not yet Assessed

7 Psidium guajava Guava Myrtaceae Not yet Assessed

8 Aegle marnelos Bel Rutaceae Not yet Assessed

9 Mangifera indica Aam Anacardiaceae Not yet Assessed

10 Delonix regia Gulmohar caesalpiniaceae Least concern

11 Terminalia belerica Bahera Combretaceae Not yet Assessed

12 Cocos nucifera Coconut Arecaceae Not yet Assessed

13 Ficus hispida Dimaru Moraceae Not yet Assessed

14 Azadirachta indica Neem Meliaceae Not yet Assessed




3-58

Sl. No



15 Butea monosperma Palas Fabaceae Not yet Assessed

16 Adina cordifolia Haldu Rubiaceae Not yet Assessed

17 Elaeocarpus robustus Helok Elaeocarpaceae Not yet Assessed

18 Terminalia chebula Harida Combretaceae Not yet Assessed

19 Syzygium cumini Jamun Myrtaceae Not yet Assessed

20 Macaranga indica Juglo Euphorbiaceae Not yet Assessed

21 Saraca indica Asoka Leguminosae Not yet Assessed

22 Ficus gibbosa Jaribar Moraceae Not yet Assessed

23 Anthocephalus cadambe Kadam Rubiacea Not yet Assessed

24 Ficus racemosa Umber Moraceae Not yet Assessed

25 Aquilaria agallocha Agar Thymeleaceae Not yet Assessed

26 Bauhinia sp. Kanchan Fabaceae Not yet Assessed

27 Artocarpus heterophyllus Kanthal Moraceae Not yet Assessed

28 Bauhinia purpurea Kurial Fabaceae Least concern

29 Schima wallichii Makri Theaceae Not yet Assessed

30 Bischofia javanica Uriam Phyllanthaceae Not yet Assessed

31 Tamarindus indica Tetul Leguminosae Not yet Assessed

32 Tectona grandis Segun Verbenaceae Not yet Assessed

33 Shorea robusta Sal Dipterocarpaceae Least concern

34 Borassus flabellifer Taal Arecaceae Least concern

35 Acacia auriculoformis Setbabul Mimosaceae Not yet Assessed

36 Zizyphus jujuba Kul Rhamnaceae Not yet Assessed

37 Bursera serrata Nour Burseraceae Not yet Assessed

38 Alstonia scholaris Satiana Apocynaceae Least concern

39 Acacia nilotica Babla Mimosaceae Not yet Assessed

40 Pterocarpus indicus Padauk Leguminosae Vulnerable

41 Bombax malabaricum Simul Malvaceae Not yet Assessed

42 Albizzia chinensis Siris Fabaceae Not yet Assessed

43 Pongamia pinnata Karanj Fabaceae Least concern

44 Polyalthia longifolia Debdaru Anonaceae Not yet Assessed

45 Diospyros melanoxylon Kendu Ebenaceae Not yet Assessed

46 Dalbergia sissoo Shishoo Fabaceae Not yet Assessed

Shrubs

1 Lantana camara Wild Sage Verbenaceae Not yet Assessed

2 Solamum indicum Bhokuri Solanaceae Not yet Assessed

3 Clerodendrum indicum Akalbih Lamiaceae Not yet Assessed

4 Calotropis procera Aakanda Asclepiadaceae Not yet Assessed

5 Xanthium stromarium Gokru Tiliaceae Not yet Assessed

6 Desmodium laburnifolium Biyonihaputa Fabaceae Not yet Assessed

7 Hyptis suaveolens Buno tulsi Lamiaceae Not yet Assessed

8 Ipomoea fistulosa Morning Glory

Convolvulaceae Not yet Assessed

9 Hymenodictyon excelsum Ban kadam Rubiaceae Not yet Assessed

10 Cassia tora Bonmedelua Leguminosae Not yet Assessed




3-59

Sl. No



11 Mimosa himalayana Karuikata Fabaceae Not yet Assessed

12 Murraya koenigii Narasimha Rutaceae Not yet Assessed

13 Musa paradisiaca Kela Musaceae Not yet Assessed

14 Viburnum colebrookianum Paniphuti Adoxaceae Not yet Assessed

15 Bambusa offinis Kaich Bans Poaceae Not yet Assessed

16 Bambusa tulda Gati Bans Poaceae Not yet Assessed

17 Bambusa balcooa Bhaluka bamboo

Poaceae Not yet Assessed

18 Bambusa pallida Bans Poaceae Not yet Assessed

19 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Jaba Phool Malvaceae Not yet Assessed

Herbs & Grasses

1 Datura metal Dhutra Solanaceae Not yet Assessed

2 Cynodon dactylon Bermuda grass

Poaceae Not yet Assessed

3 Mimosa pudica Lajjabati Fabaceae Least Concern

4 Sesamum indicum Til Pedaliaceae Not yet Assessed

5 Catharanthus roseus Nayantara Apocynaceae Not yet Assessed

6 Curcuma spp Sunti Scitamineae Not yet Assessed

7 Saccharum spontaneum Khagra Coramineae Least Concern

8 Andropegon squarrrous Binna Coramineae Not yet Assessed

9 Tridax procumbens Tridax Daisy Asteraceae Not yet Assessed

10 Imperate arundinacea Chhan Coramineae Not yet Assessed

11 Alysicarpus vaginalis Alyce Clover Fabaceae Not yet Assessed

12 Desmodium triflorum Creeping Tickfoil

Fabaceae Least Concern

13 Microlepia speluncae Lace Fern Dennstaedtiaceae Not yet Assessed

The detailed study of the core zone revealed dominance of Tal, Ajhar trees and no such

endemic plant species were found. The detailed list of plant species found in each quadrat

provided in Table 3.29. Total 46 species of trees found in the study area along with 19 shrub

species and 13 herbs and grass species observed. From the result below the predominant

species are Lagerstroemia flos reginae (Ajhar), Cocos nucifera (Coconut), Shorea robusta

(Sal), Borassus flabellifer (Tal), Bombax malabaricum (Simul) among tree species and

Calotropis procera, Lantana camara, Mimosa himalayana, Bambusa tulda found to be the

predominant species among shrub. Among the herbaceous species Cynodon dactylon,

Mimosa pudica found to be abundant.

� Phytosociological Analysis

Phytosociological parameters, such as, density, frequency and Importance Value Index of

individual species were determined in randomly placed quadrats of different sizes in the

study area. Relative frequency, relative basal area and relative density were calculated and

the sum of these three represented Importance Value Index (IVI) for various species. For




3-60

shrubs, herbs and seedlings, the IVI was calculated by summing up relative frequency,

relative density and relative abundance.

Sample plots were selected in such a way to get maximum representation of different types

of vegetation and plots were laid out in different part of the block area and surrounding

areas. Analysis of the vegetation will help in determining the relative importance of each

species in the study area and to reveal if any economically valuable species is threatened in

the process. Phytosociological analysis of tree Species is given Table 3.28.


Environment


3-61

Table 3.28: Phytosociological Analysis of Tree Species

Sl.No. Scientific name Local name Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Total No.

Total no. of quad with sp.

Total No. of quad

Den

sit

y

Rela

tive

Den

sit

y

Fre

qu

en

cy

%

Rela

tive

Fre

qu

en

cy

Ab

un

dan

ce

Rela

tive

Ab

un

dan

ce

IVI

Tree Species

1 Lagerstroemia flos reginae Ajhar 1 1 1 3 3 6 0.004 3.66 50.0 3.9 1.00 0.04 7.59

2 Spondias pinnata Amra 1 1 2 2 6 0.003 2.44 33.3 2.6 1.00 0.02 5.06

3 Cassia fistula Sonal 1 1 2 2 6 0.003 2.44 33.3 2.6 1.00 0.02 5.06

4 Emblica officinalis Amlokhi 1 1 1 6 0.001 1.22 16.7 1.3 1.00 0.01 2.53

5 Ficus elastica Atha bor 1 1 2 2 6 0.003 2.44 33.3 2.6 1.00 0.02 5.06

6 Ficus benghalensis Bot 1 1 1 6 0.001 1.22 16.7 1.3 1.00 0.01 2.53

7 Psidium guajava Guava 1 1 1 3 3 6 0.004 3.66 50.0 3.9 1.00 0.04 7.59

8 Aegle marmelos Bel 1 1 2 2 6 0.003 2.44 33.3 2.6 1.00 0.02 5.06

9 Mangifera indica Aam 1 1 2 2 6 0.003 2.44 33.3 2.6 1.00 0.02 5.06

10 Delonix regia Gulmohar 1 1 1 3 3 6 0.004 3.66 50.0 3.9 1.00 0.04 7.59

11 Terminalia belerica Bahera 1 1 1 6 0.001 1.22 16.7 1.3 1.00 0.01 2.53

12 Cocos nucifera Coconut 1 2 1 4 3 6 0.005 4.88 50.0 3.9 1.33 0.05 8.82

13 Ficus hispida Dimaru 1 1 2 2 6 0.003 2.44 33.3 2.6 1.00 0.02 5.06

14 Azadirachta indica Neem 1 2 3 2 6 0.004 3.66 33.3 2.6 1.50 0.04 6.29

15 Butea monosperma Palas 1 1 2 2 6 0.003 2.44 33.3 2.6 1.00 0.02 5.06

16 Adina cordifolia Haldu 1 1 2 2 6 0.003 2.44 33.3 2.6 1.00 0.02 5.06

17 Elaeocarpus robustus Helok 1 1 1 6 0.001 1.22 16.7 1.3 1.00 0.01 2.53

18 Terminalia chebula Harida 1 1 1 6 0.001 1.22 16.7 1.3 1.00 0.01 2.53

19 Syzygium cumini Jamun 1 1 2 2 6 0.003 2.44 33.3 2.6 1.00 0.02 5.06

20 Macaranga indica Juglo 1 1 1 6 0.001 1.22 16.7 1.3 1.00 0.01 2.53

21 Saraca indica Asoka 1 1 1 6 0.001 1.22 16.7 1.3 1.00 0.01 2.53

22 Ficus gibbosa Jaribar 1 1 1 6 0.001 1.22 16.7 1.3 1.00 0.01 2.53


Environment


3-62



Total No. of quad

Den

sit

y

Rela

tive

Den

sit

y

Fre

qu

en

cy

%

Rela

tive

Fre

qu

en

cy

Ab

un

dan

ce

Rela

tive

Ab

un

dan

ce

IVI

23 Anthocephalus cadamba Kadam 1 1 1 6 0.001 1.22 16.7 1.3 1.00 0.01 2.53

24 Ficus racemosa Umber 1 1 2 2 6 0.003 2.44 33.3 2.6 1.00 0.02 5.06

25 Aquilaria agallocha Agar 1 1 2 2 6 0.003 2.44 33.3 2.6 1.00 0.02 5.06

26 Bauhinia sp. Kanchan 1 1 2 2 6 0.003 2.44 33.3 2.6 1.00 0.02 5.06

27 Artocarpus heterophyllus Kanthal 1 1 1 6 0.001 1.22 16.7 1.3 1.00 0.01 2.53

28 Bauhinia purpurea Kurial 1 1 1 6 0.001 1.22 16.7 1.3 1.00 0.01 2.53

29 Schima wallichii Makri 1 1 1 6 0.001 1.22 16.7 1.3 1.00 0.01 2.53

30 Bischofia javanica Uriam 1 1 1 6 0.001 1.22 16.7 1.3 1.00 0.01 2.53

31 Tamarindus indica Tetul 1 1 1 6 0.001 1.22 16.7 1.3 1.00 0.01 2.53

32 Tectona grandis Segun 1 1 2 2 6 0.003 2.44 33.3 2.6 1.00 0.02 5.06

33 Shorea robusta Sal 1 1 2 4 3 6 0.005 4.88 50.0 3.9 1.33 0.05 8.82

34 Borassus flabellifer Taal 1 2 1 1 5 4 6 0.006 6.10 66.7 5.2 1.25 0.06 11.35

35 Acacia auriculiformis Setbabul 1 1 1 6 0.001 1.22 16.7 1.3 1.00 0.01 2.53

36 Zizyphus jujuba Kul 1 1 1 6 0.001 1.22 16.7 1.3 1.00 0.01 2.53

37 Bursera serrata Nour 1 1 1 6 0.001 1.22 16.7 1.3 1.00 0.01 2.53

38 Alstonia scholaris Satiana 1 1 1 6 0.001 1.22 16.7 1.3 1.00 0.01 2.53

39 Acacia nilotica Babla 2 2 1 6 0.003 2.44 16.7 1.3 2.00 0.02 3.76

40 Pterocarpus indicus Padauk 1 1 1 6 0.001 1.22 16.7 1.3 1.00 0.01 2.53

41 Bombax malabaricum Simul 1 1 1 3 3 6 0.004 3.66 50.0 3.9 1.00 0.04 7.59

42 Albizia chinensis Siris 1 1 1 6 0.001 1.22 16.7 1.3 1.00 0.01 2.53

43 Pongamia pinnata Karanj 1 1 1 6 0.001 1.22 16.7 1.3 1.00 0.01 2.53

44 Polyalthia longifolia Debdaru 1 1 1 3 3 6 0.004 3.66 50.0 3.9 1.00 0.04 7.59

45 Diospyros melanoxylon Kendu 1 1 1 6 0.001 1.22 16.7 1.3 1.00 0.01 2.53

46 Dalbergia sissoo Shishoo 1 1 1 6 0.001 1.22 16.7 1.3 1.00 0.01 2.53


Environment


3-63



Total No. of quad

Den

sit

y

Rela

tive

Den

sit

y

Fre

qu

en

cy

%

Rela

tive

Fre

qu

en

cy

Ab

un

dan

ce

Rela

tive

Ab

un

dan

ce

IVI

Total 9 17 14 15 13 14 82 77 276 0.103 1283.3

Shrubs

1 Lantana camara Wild Sage 1 2 1 1 5 4 6 0.01 7.81 66.7 7.4 1.25 0.08 15.30

2 Solanum indicum Bhokuri 1 1 2 2 6 0.00 3.13 33.3 3.7 1.00 0.03 6.86

3 Clerodendrum indicum Akalbih 1 1 1 6 0.00 1.56 16.7 1.9 1.00 0.02 3.43

4 Calotropis procera Aakanda 2 1 2 1 1 1 8 6 6 0.01 12.50 100.0 11.1 1.33 0.13 23.74

5 Xanthium strumarium Gokru 1 1 2 6 0.00 1.56 33.3 3.7 0.50 0.02 5.28

6 Desmodium laburnifolium Biyonihaputa 1 1 1 3 3 6 0.00 4.69 50.0 5.6 1.00 0.05 10.29

7 Hyptis suaveolens Buno tulsi 1 1 2 2 6 0.00 3.13 33.3 3.7 1.00 0.03 6.86

8 Ipomoea fistulosa Morning

Glory 1 1 2 2 6 0.00 3.13 33.3 3.7 1.00 0.03 6.86

9 Hymenodictyon excelsum Ban kadam 1 1 2 2 6 0.00 3.13 33.3 3.7 1.00 0.03 6.86

10 Cassia tora Bonmedelua 1 1 2 2 6 0.00 3.13 33.3 3.7 1.00 0.03 6.86

11 Mimosa himalayana Karuikata 1 2 1 1 5 4 6 0.01 7.81 66.7 7.4 1.25 0.08 15.30

12 Murraya koenigii Narasimha 1 2 1 4 3 6 0.01 6.25 50.0 5.6 1.33 0.06 11.87

13 Musa paradisiaca Kela 1 1 2 2 6 0.00 3.13 33.3 3.7 1.00 0.03 6.86

14 Viburnum colebrookianum Paniphuti 1 1 2 2 6 0.00 3.13 33.3 3.7 1.00 0.03 6.86

15 Bambusa affinis Kaich Bans 2 1 2 5 3 6 0.01 7.81 50.0 5.6 1.67 0.08 13.45

16 Bambusa tulda Gati Bans 2 1 2 1 6 4 6 0.01 9.38 66.7 7.4 1.50 0.09 16.88

17 Bambusa balcooa Bhaluka

bamboo 1 1 1 3 3 6 0.00 4.69 50.0 5.6 1.00 0.05 10.29

18 Bambusa pallida Bans 1 1 2 1 1 6 5 6 0.01 9.38 83.3 9.3 1.20 0.09 18.73

19 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Jaba Phool 1 2 3 2 6 0.00 4.69 33.3 3.7 1.50 0.05 8.44

Total 11 9 15 10 11 8 64 54 114 0.08 100.00 900.0 100.0


Environment


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Total No. of quad

Den

sit

y

Rela

tive

Den

sit

y

Fre

qu

en

cy

%

Rela

tive

Fre

qu

en

cy

Ab

un

dan

ce

Rela

tive

Ab

un

dan

ce

IVI

Herbs & Grasses

1 Datura metel Dhutra 1 1 2 4 3 6 0.01 8.70 50.0 8.3 1.33 0.09 17.12

2 Cynodon dactylon Bermuda

grass 2 3 1 3 1 1 11 6 6 0.01 23.91 100.0 16.7 1.83 0.24 40.82

3 Mimosa pudica Lajjabati 2 1 2 1 6 4 6 0.01 13.04 66.7 11.1 1.50 0.13 24.29

4 Sesamum indicum Til 1 1 2 2 6 0.00 4.35 33.3 5.6 1.00 0.04 9.95

5 Catharanthus roseus Nayantara 1 2 1 4 3 6 0.01 8.70 50.0 8.3 1.33 0.09 17.12

6 Curcuma spp Sunti 1 1 1 3 3 6 0.00 6.52 50.0 8.3 1.00 0.07 14.92

7 Saccharum spontaneum Khagra 1 1 1 3 3 6 0.00 6.52 50.0 8.3 1.00 0.07 14.92

8 Andropogon squarrosus Binna 1 1 1 6 0.00 2.17 16.7 2.8 1.00 0.02 4.97

9 Tridax procumbens Tridax Daisy 1 1 1 3 3 6 0.00 6.52 50.0 8.3 1.00 0.07 14.92

10 Imperata arundinacea Chhan 1 2 3 2 6 0.00 6.52 33.3 5.6 1.50 0.07 12.14

11 Alysicarpus vaginalis Alyce Clover 1 1 2 2 6 0.00 4.35 33.3 5.6 1.00 0.04 9.95

12 Desmodium triflorum Creeping

Tickfoil 1 1 2 2 6 0.00 4.35 33.3 5.6 1.00 0.04 9.95

13 Microlepia speluncae Lace Fern 1 1 2 2 6 0.00 4.35 33.3 5.6 1.00 0.04 9.95

Total 7 8 9 9 7 6 46 36 78 0.06 600.0 100.0




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The interpretation vegetation study results of the study area are presented in the following

Table 3.29.

Table 3.29: Interpretation of Vegetation Results In The Study Area

Relative density Relative density is found to

be maximum for Borassus

flabellifer about 6.1.

Density of the primary

species is found to be much

higher in comparison with the

other species.

Relative frequency Maximum RF found to be

5.2 in case of Borassus

flabellifer.

Vegetation community is

heterogenous in nature

Relative Abundance Maximum value observed in

case of Borassus flabellifer

is about 0.06.

Borassus flabellifer is the

most common species found

in the area.

Importance Value

Index (IVI

The maximum IVI value

observed in case of

Borassus flabellifer is about

11.35.

The dominant species is

Borassus flabellifer.

3.12.4 Biodiversity Indices

Biodiversity index is a quantitative measure that reflects how many different types species, there

are in a dataset, and simultaneously takes into account how evenly the basic entities (such as

individuals) are distributed among those types of species. The value of biodiversity index

increases both when the number of types increases and when evenness increases. For a given

number of type of species, the value of a biodiversity index is maximized when all type of

species are equally abundant. Interpretation of Vegetation results in the study area is given in

Table 3.30.

Table 3.30: Interpretation of Vegetation Results in the Study Area

Biodiversity indices Community

Shannon-Wiener Index

(H)

Simpson Diversity

Index (1-D)

Pielou's

evenness index

Tree 3.70 0.98 0.46

Shrub 2.79 0.95 0.49

Herb 2.37 0.91 0.58

From Table 3.31, it can be interpreted that tree community has higher diversity. While the shrub

community shows less diversity. It is also observed that most of the quadrates have controlled

generation of plant species with older strands. Higher tree species diversity can be interpreted

as a greater number of successful species and a more stable ecosystem where more ecological




3-66

niches are available and the environment is less likely to be hostile, environmental change is

less likely to be damaging to the ecosystem as a whole.

� Economically Important Flora of the Study Area

Agricultural Crops: Paddy, maize is the main crop grown widely. As there was no assured

irrigation, Paddy was cultivated with ground water. The principal cash crops are tea, jute,

oilseeds, sugarcane, cotton, and tobacco. Also Tomato, Chillies etc were grown occasionally.

Different fruits like papaya, mangoes, custard apple also grown by the local people.

Medicinal Plant Species: The nearby area is also endowed with the several medicinal plants

which are commonly available in the shrub forest and waste lands. The common medicinal

plants of the region are Aegle marmelos (Bel), Azadirachta indica (Neem) etc.

Rare And Endangered Floral Species: During the vegetation survey in the study area did not

encounter any such species which are endangered or threatened under IUCN (International

Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural resources) guidelines.

Faunal Communities

Both direct (sighting) and indirect (evidences) observations methods were used to survey the

faunal species around the study area. Additionally reference of relevant literatures (published/

unpublished) and dialogues with local villagers were also carried out to consolidate the

presence of faunal distribution in the area (Smith 1933-43, Ali and Ripley 1983, Daniel 1983,

Prater 1993, Murthy and Chandrasekhar 1988).

Mammals: No wild mammalian species was directly sighted during the field survey. Dialogue

with local villagers located around the study area also could not confirm presence of any wild

animal in that area. Rhesus Monkey, common mongoose, Common otter, Indian rat, Small

Indian civet, Common five Stripped Squirrel were observed during primary survey.

Avifauna: Since birds are considered to be the indicators for monitoring and understanding

human impacts on ecological systems (Lawton, 1996) attempt was made to gather quantitative

data on the avifauna by walk through survey within the entire study area and surrounding areas.

From the primary survey, a total of 47 species of avifauna were identified and recorded in the

study area. The diversity of avifauna from this region was found to be quite high and

encouraging.

The list of fauna species found in the study area are mentioned in Table 3.31. The tree lizard

and common garden lizards are also seen. Variety of butterflies (like common grass yellow,

Common Mormon, plain tiger) and insects (such as beetles, spiders, red ants, and flies) are

spotted in abundance in the study zone.




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Table 3.31: Fauna Recorded from the Primary Survey in the Study Area and their

Conservation Status

Sl.No Scientific name English Name Schedule of Wildlife

Protection Act

Status as per IUCN Red Data List

Method

Mammals

1 Macaca mulatta Rhesus Monkey II Least Concern DS

2 Herpestes edwardsii Common Indian Mongoose II Least Concern DS

3 Macaca assamensis Assamese macaque II Near

Threatened NS

4 Viverricula indica Small Indian Civet I Least Concern NS

5 Canis bengalensis Indian fox - Not assessed NS

6 Mus musculus Common mouse V Least Concern DS

7 Lutra lutra Common otter II Near

Threatened DS

8 Cannomys badius Bay bamboo rat V Least Concern DS

9 Lepus nigricollis Indian rabbit IV Least Concern DS

10 Mus rattus Indian rat V Not assessed DS

11 Bandicoota bengalensis Common Indian Rat V Not assessed DS

12 Funambulus pennanti Common five Stripped Squirrel

IV Not assessed DS

13 Felis bengalensis Leopard cat I Not assessed NS

14 Axis axis Spotted deer II Least Concern NS

15 Platanista gangetica Ganges river dolphin I Endangered NS

16 Felis chaus Jungle cat II Least Concern NS

Birds

1 Corvus splendens House crow V Least Concern DS

2 Corvus macrorhynchos Jungle crow - Least Concern NS

3 Aerodotheres tristis Common Maina IV Not assessed DS

4 Milvus migrans Common kite IV Least Concern DS

5 Anas poecilorhyncha Eastern Spot billed duck IV Least Concern DS

6 Ardea alba Great Egret IV Least Concern DS

7 Vanellus cinereus Grey Headed Lapwing IV Least Concern DS

8 Anas strepera Gadwall IV Least Concern DS

9 Himantopus himantopus Black winged Stilt IV Least Concern DS

10 Actitis hypoleucos Common sandpiper IV Least Concern DS

11 Leptoptilos javanicus Lesser Adjutant IV Vulnerable DS

12 Dicrurus macrocercus Black Drongo IV Least Concern DS

13 Nettapus coromandelianus Cotton pigmy goose IV Least Concern DS

14 Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper IV Least Concern DS




3-68


Protection Act


Method

15 Streptopelia chinensis Indian Spotted Dove IV Not assessed DS

16 Psittacula krameri Rose ringed parakeet IV Least Concern DS

17 Halcyon smyrnenssis White breasted king fisher IV Not assessed DS

18 Alcedo atthis Common kingfisher IV Least Concern DS

19 Eudynamys scolopceae Koel IV Not assessed DS

20 Grus grus Common crane IV Least Concern DS

21 Columba livia Blue rock pigeon IV Least Concern DS

22 Vanellus indicus Redwattled lapping - Least Concern DS

23 Dicrurus macrocercus Black Drongo IV Least Concern DS

24 Dicrurus leucophaeus Ashy Drngo IV Least Concern DS

25 Cypsiurus balasiensis Asian palm swift IV Least Concern DS

26 Merops orientalis Common bee eaters IV Least Concern DS

27 Actitis hypoleucos Common sandpiper IV Least Concern DS

28 Ocyceros birostris Indian Grey hornbill IV Least Concern DS

29 Anthus rufulus Paddyfield pipit IV Least Concern DS

30 Psittacula alexandri Indian Red breasted Parakeet IV Near

Threatened DS

31 Ceryle rudis Pied kingfisher IV Least Concern DS

32 Acrocephalus agricola Paddy field warbler - Least Concern NS

33 Coracias benghalensis Indian Roller IV Least Concern DS

34 Ardeo grayeli Pond heron IV Not assessed DS

35 Egretta garzetta Little egret IV Least Concern DS

36 Anas creaca Common Teal IV Not assessed DS

37 Pelargopsis capensis Brown headed storkbilled IV Least Concern DS

38 Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret IV Least Concern DS

39 Cotuenix coturnix Common or grey quail IV Not assessed DS

40 Ciconia epsioopus White necked stork IV Not assessed DS

41 Turdoides striata Jungle babbler IV Least Concern DS

42 Motacilla alba White Wagtail - Least Concern DS

43 Gallus gallus Red jungle fowl IV Least Concern NS

44 Burhinus oedicenemus Stone curlew IV Not assessed DS

45 Copsychus saularis Southern magpie robin IV Least Concern DS

46 Dendrocopas mahrattensis Yellow wood pecker IV Not assessed DS

47 Coracias benhalensis Indian Roller IV Not assessed DS

48 Pericrocotus cinnamomaus Small minivet IV Not assessed DS

49 Lonchura punctulata Spotted Munia IV Least Concern NS

50 Dendrocitta vagabunda Indian Tree pie IV Least Concern DS

51 Turdus ruficollis Dark throated thrush IV Least Concern DS




3-69


Protection Act


Method

52 Passer domesticus Indian house sparrow V Least Concern DS

53 Turdoides caudatus Common Babbler IV Least Concern DS

54 Pycnonotus cafer Red vented Bulbul IV Least Concern NS

55 Motacilla cinerea Grey wagtail IV Least Concern DS

56 Phalacrocorax sulcirostris Black cormorant IV Least Concern DS

Reptiles

1 Dryophis species Green tree Snake IV Not assessed NS

2 Hemidactylus gleadoviimaculatus

Common house gecko IV Not assessed DS

3 Ptyas mucosas Yellow rat snake II Not assessed NS

4 Calotes versicolur Common Garden Lizard - Not assessed DS

5 Varanus varanus Tree lizard II Not assessed DS

Amphibians

1 Rana tigrina Common yellow frog IV Least Concern NS

2 Bufo melanostictus Toad IV Least Concern NS

3 Hoplobatrachus tigerinus Indian bull frog - Least Concern DS

Butterfly

1 Eurema hecabe Common Grass Yellow IV Not assessed DS

2 Graphium cloanthus Glassy bluebottle IV Not assessed DS

3 Papilio demoleus Lime IV Not assessed DS

4 Papilio polytes Common Mormon IV Not assessed DS

5 Appias albina Common Albatross IV Not assessed DS

6 Eurema libythea Small Grass Yellow IV Not assessed DS

7 Junonia atlites Grey pansy IV Not assessed DS

8 Pantoporia perius Common Sergeant IV Not assessed DS

9 Danaus chrysippus plain tiger IV Not assessed DS

10 Precis iphita Chocolate Pansy IV Not assessed DS

11 Neptis hylas Common Sailer IV Not assessed DS

12 Junonia hierta Yellow pansy IV Least Concern DS

13 Junonia lemonias Lemon pansy IV Not assessed DS

14 Junonia orithya Blue Pansy IV Not assessed DS

N.B: NS= Not sighted but included as per the information provided by villagers, DS = Direct

Sighting

Livestock like cattle, buffalo, goat, poultry, duck, and pig are reared for dairy products, meat,

egg and for agriculture purpose. Majority of cattle and buffalo are of local variety. Backyard

poultry farms are mostly common in this area; however, some commercial poultry farms are

also recorded in the study area.




3-70

The study area is marked with moderate population of flora and fauna. With reference to the

Wildlife Protection Act 1972 total number of wildlife tabulated in this study can be

characterized as given in the Table 3.32.

Table 3.32: Characterization of Fauna In The Study Area (As Per W.P Act, 1972)

Sl.No. Schedule of Wildlife Protection Act 1972 No. of

Species

Remark

1 Schedule I 3 -

2 Schedule II 8 -

3 Schedule III 0 -

4 Schedule IV 71 -

5 Schedule V 6 -

6 Schedule VI 0 -

The details of flora and fauna identified within 10 km radius of the project site are tabulated In

Table 3.33.

Table 3.33: Description of Flora & Fauna

Sl.No. Type of Species Core Zone

Flora

1 Endangered species None of the species found

2 Endemic species None of the species found

3 Grass lands No grass lands

Fauna

1 Endangered species Ganges river dolphin 2 Endemic Species Not present 3 Migratory species None 4 Migratory Corridors & Flight Paths No corridors & flight paths 5 Wildlife sanctuaries/ national parks etc Deepor bil wildlife santuary is about 5

km eastern side

3.12.5 Aquatic Ecology

There is one major river present within the 10 km radius study area. The major river is

Brahmaputra River alongwith ponds, lake and other small water bodies form the aquatic

ecosystem. Deepor bill (Water body) is a Ramsar site is the largest habitat of migratory birds

situated about 3 km towards eastern side of the project site.

The most dominant macrophytes are Phragmites karka, Arundo donax, Alternantha sessilis,

Cyperus iria, Hydrilla verticillata and Nymphoides cristrat. A total of 21 species of aquatic




3-71

macrophytes were recorded from these aquatic ecosystems. Lists of Macrophytes recorded

within the study area are given in Table 3.34.

Table 3.34: List of Macrophytes Recorded Within the Study Area

Sl.No Scientific name Common Name Local Status

1 Polygonum barbatum Panimarich Common

2 Cyperus iria Jal Mutha Common

3 Exacum tetragonum Kuchri Common

4 Hydrilla verticillata Jhangi Common

5 Alternantha sessilis Haycha Common

6 Eclipta alba Kesut Common

7 Canna indica Parijat Common

8 Arundo donax Gaha nal Common

9 Phragmites karka Nal Common

10 Lemna perpusilla Khudi Pana Common

11 Ipomea aquatica Kalmi Common

12 Ceratophyllum demersum Jhanji Common

13 Nymphaea lotus Shalook Common

14 Monochoria vaginles Kachar Common

15 Nelumbo nucifera Padma Common

16 Wolffia arrhiza Sujipana Common

17 Pistia stratiotes Toka Pana Common

18 Nymphaea rubra Lal Shalook Common

19 Neptunia oleracea Pani Lajuk Common

20 Vallisneria spiralis Baicha Common

21 Salvinia cucullata Watermoss Common

Fish is widely available in the still (Bills / Ponds) and flowing water bodies (Rivers/Nalas) of

the study area. Freshwater fish species within the 10 km radius study area has been

identified. Major fish fauna of fresh water bodies include catla, rohu, mrigala, Cat fish,

Prawn, Murrel, etc. A total of 17 species of fishes were recorded from these aquatic

ecosystems. The list of fish species recorded within the study area is given in Table 3.35.

Table 3.35: List of Fish species Recorded within the Study Area

Sl.No Scientific Name English Name

1 Catla catla Katla

2 Channa punctatus Lata

3 Channa striatus Sole

4 Channa gachua Chang

5 Labeo rohita Rohu

6 Cirrhinus mrigala Mrigal




3-72

Sl.No Scientific Name English Name

7 Oreochromis mossambica Tilapia

8 Cyprinus carpio Common carp

9 Liza parsia Parse

10 Clarias batrachus Magur

11 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Silver carp

12 Labeo bata Bata

13 Heteropneustes fossilis Singi

14 Mystas gulio Tangra

15 Labeo calbasu Calbasu

16 Ctenopharyngodon idellus Grass carp

17 Clarias gariepinus African Giant Magur

3.12.6 Protected Areas

Deepor Beel is one of the largest and most important riverine wetland in the Brahmaputra Valley

of lower Assam, India and is representative of the wetlands found within the Burma Monsoon

Forest biogeographic region. Deepor Beel is an open lake basin connected with a set of inflow

and out flow channels. Originally, the beel had its natural linkages with the river Brahmaputra

through the Sola Beel and the swampy areas of Pandu to the northeast. Due to construction of

residential buildings, NH-37 and Railway line the main link has already been disrupted and it

remains as a small secondary channel. A perennial stream originating from Basistha runs

through the heart of the beel and joins the river Brahmaputra through Khanamukh towards north

of the Beel. The stream is also fed by Bharalu river.

The Beel is currently estimated to cover 9.27 sq km. However the actual waterbody is only 4.1

Sq Km. Depth of the Beel ranges about 6 m to 1.5 m depending on the season. The site is

reported to support a number of IUCN red-listed species.

Deepor Beel has both biological and environmental importance besides being the only major

storm water storage basin for Guwahati city. It is considered as one of the staging sites for

migratory birds in India; and some of the large congregations of aquatic birds in Assam during

winter. Because of the richness of avian fauna it enjoyed, Deepor Beel has been selected as

one of the Important Bird Area (IBA) sites by Birdlife International. Deepor beel has also been

designated as a Ramsar Site in November 2002.

Deepor Beel has a meso-thermal climate, characterized by high humidity and moderate

temperature. The temperature ranges between 10.6ºC to 30ºC. The annual average

precipitation is 3000 to 4000mm. Maximum rainfall is occurring during monsoon period (May-

September).

Bird Population study at Deepor Bill

Point counts of birds are the most widely used quantitative method and involve an observer

recording buds from a single point for a standardized time period. Counts of all birds seen and




3-73

heard were made for 10-minute periods with cumulative subtotals recorded at 5-minute

intervals. Birds were identified by primary song, other calls, and sight. All individual birds, except

for dependent fledglings, were recorded. To reduce the potential for overcounting moving birds,

multiple individuals of a species were recorded only when concurrent observations clearly

established their presence. The numbers of species and individuals recorded on point counts

appear to decline in midmorning. The bird population study at Deepor Bill is given in Table 3.36.

The graphical presentation of distribution of bird population is shown in Figure 3.18.




3-74

Table 3.36: Bird Population Count at Deepor Beel

Number of species

Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Sl.No.

Name of Species Common name

Family Name Number

of species

IUCN STATUS

0-5 Min

5-10 Min

Total 0-5 Min

5-10 Min

Total 0-5 Min

5-10 Min

Total 0-5 Min

5-10 Min

Total

1 Anas poecilorhyncha

Eastern Spot billed duck

Anatidae 146 Least

Concern 12 35 47 17 32 49 8 16 24 9 17 26

2 Ardea alba Great Egret Ardeidae 48 Least

Concern 5 8 13 4 6 10 9 6 15 3 7 10

3 Ardeola grayii Pond Heron Ardeidae 26 Least

Concern 2 6 8 4 7 11 1 4 5 1 1 2

4 Vanellus cinereus

Grey Headed Lapwing

Charadriidae 13 Least

Concern 2 1 3 2 2 4 1 2 3 2 1 3

5 Anas strepera Gadwall Anatidae 172 Least

Concern 45 22 67 23 14 37 14 17 31 22 15 37

6 Phalacrocorax sulcirostris

Black cormorant

Phalacrocoracidae

2 Least

Concern 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0

7 Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher

Alcedinidae 2 Least

Concern 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0

8 Himantopus himantopus

Black winged Stilt

Recurvirostridae

3 Least

Concern 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0

9 Actitis hypoleucos

Common sandpiper

Scolopacidae 7 Least

Concern 2 1 3 2 0 2 1 0 1 0 1 1

10 Leptoptilos javanicus

Lesser Adjutant

Ciconiidae 14 Vulnerable 5 0 5 3 0 3 4 0 4 0 2 2

11 Pelargopsis capensis

Brown headed storkbilled

Halcyoninae 2 Least

Concern 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0

12 Spilopelia chinensis

Indian Spotted Dove

Columbidae 3 Least

Concern 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

13 Dicrurus macrocercus

Black Drongo

Dicruridae 7 Least

Concern 2 1 3 1 0 1 2 0 2 1 0 1

14 Milvus migrans Common Kite

Accipitridae 136 Least

Concern 67 23 90 15 3 18 22 3 25 0 3 3




3-75

Number of species

Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Sl.No.

Name of Species Common name

Family Name Number

of species

IUCN STATUS

0-5 Min

5-10 Min

Total 0-5 Min

5-10 Min

Total 0-5 Min

5-10 Min

Total 0-5 Min

5-10 Min

Total

15 Nettapus coromandelianus

Cotton pigmy goose

Anatidae 124 Least

Concern 37 0 37 25 12 37 32 0 32 12 6 18

16 Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Ardeidae 16 Least

Concern 3 1 4 2 3 5 1 2 3 1 3 4

17 Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper

Scolopacidae 3 Least

Concern 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2

18 Motacilla alba White Wagtail

Motacillidae 3 Least

Concern 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 3

Table 3.18: Distribution of Bird Population




3-76

Location Total No. %

Site 1 288 39.61

Site 2 177 24.35

Site 3 149 20.50

Site 4 113 15.54

Total 727 100.00

Result shows that Site 1 having more percentage of total population of bird species. Most

number of species observed was Anas strepera (Gadwall), followed by Anas poecilorhyncha

(Eastern Spot billed duck) and Milvus migrans (Common Kite).

The result shows that Duck population (Anatidae family) dominates the total bird population of

about 60.8% followed by Accipitridae family of about 18.71% and Ardeidae family of about

12.38%.




3-77

Local name S1 S2 S3 S4 Total No.

Shannon-Wiener

Index (H)

Simpson Diversity

Index (1/D)

Species Evenness (H/Hmax)

Eastern Spot billed duck

47 49 24 26 146

Great Egret 13 10 15 10 48

Pond Heron 8 11 5 2 26

Grey Headed Lapwing

3 4 3 3 13

Gadwall 67 37 31 37 172

Black cormorant 1 0 1 0 2

Common Kingfisher 1 0 1 0 2

Black winged Stilt 2 0 1 0 3

Common sandpiper 3 2 1 1 7

Lesser Adjutant 5 3 4 2 14

Brown headed storkbilled

1 0 1 0 2

Indian Spotted Dove 2 0 0 1 3

Black Drongo 3 1 2 1 7

Common Kite 90 18 25 3 136

Cotton pigmy goose 37 37 32 18 124

Cattle Egret 4 5 3 4 16

Wood Sandpiper 1 0 0 2 3

White Wagtail 0 0 0 3 3

2.04 0.83 0.51

Total 288 177 149 113 727 It is observed that the Species diversity is 2.04 (moderately diverse) and most dominant species

found to be Anas strepera (Gadwall), followed by Anas poecilorhyncha (Eastern Spot billed

duck) and Milvus migrans (Common Kite).

Major threats to Deepor Beel

It is reported that the local people traditionally utilise the beel for harvesting fish and molluscs

and for collecting fodder for domestic cattle, natural food, such as, vegetables, flowers, aquatic

seeds, etc.

Encroachment of the Beel was so very evident / rampant that there were a number of dwelling

units and cement structures l inside the Beel. The railway track divides the beel into a number of

small pockets. The laying of railway track and reclamation of the area outside the railway track

has contributed to shrinkage of the beel area from 40 sq km.

On the other side of the beel towards the National Highway, the study team could see a number

of brick kilns and the city’s garbage dumping ground. Since the garbage dumping yard is

abutting the margin of the beel, there is every possibility of the solid and liquid wastes, leaching

into the beel during rainy season, further deteriorating the water quality.




3-78

The Government of Assam has recognised this area as a sanctuary, but no thought has so far

been given on addressing some of the threats to the entire beel ecosystem including the

sanctuary area, pollution, encroachments, garbage dumping, eutrophication, dense growth of

weed etc witnessed by the study team.

Some of the natural and threatening the Deepor Beel include:

• Construction of railway line along the southern boundary of the Deepor Beel;

• Industrial development within the periphery of the Beel;

• Large scale encroachment within the Deepor beel area;

• Allotment of government vacant land to private parties by Government settlement

department;

• Brick kiln and soil cutting within the beel ecosystem;

• Hunting, trapping and killing of wild birds within and adjoining areas of Deepor Beel;

• Unplanned and destructive fishing practices without any control/regulation on mesh size,

etc.

Large-scale encroachment, heavy siltation from the denuded hills surrounding the beel,

accumulation of all sorts of filth and wastes from the Bharalu and Bahini rivers, unregulated

fishing practices, invasion of aquatic weeds, industrial development within its periphery,

construction of railway line along the southern boundary, quarrying within the beel ecosystem,

etc., have pushed this once-pristine ecosystem to the brink of disappearance.

3.13 Socio-economic Environment

The growth of infrastructure developments and industrial sectors in and around the agriculture

dominant areas, villages and towns are bound to create its impact on the socio- economic

aspects of the local population. The impacts may be positive or negative depending upon the

developmental activity. To assess the impacts on the socio-economics of the local people, it is

necessary to study the existing socio- economic status of the local population, which will be

helpful for making efforts to further improve the quality of life in the study area. The section

delineates the overall appraisal of the socially relevant attributes. The data collection on the

impact of infrastructure development on the socio-economic aspects in the study area has been

done through analysis of various secondary data and also supplemented by the primary data

generated through the process of socio- economic survey.

The study of socio-economic component of environment incorporating facets related to socio-

economic conditions in the proposed development zone. This includes demographic structure,

infrastructure resources, health status of the community and economic attributes referring to

employment, income, agriculture, trade and industrial development. The study of these




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parameters helps in identifying, predicting and evaluating the likely socio-economic impacts due

to proposed project.

The existing Guwahati airport is located at Borjhar in Guwahati at distance of 1.2 km from NH-

37 and 18 km from Guwahati City. The proposed development including new integrated terminal

building and associated works will be constructed on the land available within the existing

airport. Therefore, no additional land acquisition is required for the proposed construction and

operation activities.

The 10km study area from centre of proposed site covers a total 34 rural villages comprises (10

villages from Azara sub-district of Kamrup metropolitan district and 24 villages of Palasbari sub-

district of Kamrup district) and 08 census towns include (05 from Azara sub-district of Kamrup

metropolitan district and 03 from Palasbari sub-district of Karrup district) of Assam state. The

details of villages and town falls within study area are given in Table 3.37.

Table 3.37: Details of Villages Falling in the Study Area Study Area District Sub-district

Total Villages Town Kamrup Metropolitan Azara 15 10 05 Kamrup Palasbari 27 24 03 Total 42 34 08

Source: Primary Census Abstract CD (2011) of Assam State; Kamrup Metropolitan and Kamrup District

3.13.1 Methodology

The methodology adopted in the assessment of socio-economic condition in the study area is

as given below:

The primary data on socioeconomic profile was collected through site observation, interviews

with the key-informants and group discussions in the selected villages. Local respondents

(male-female) and school teacher were interviewed for the collection of socio-economic

baseline information during the site visit by ABC Team from 9th to 12th January 2017. The

secondary data includes demographic profile, and employment pattern have been sourced from

Primary Census Abstract-2011 compact disk (CD) of Assam obtained from Office of Registrar

General India, New Delhi and Infrastructure resource base has been extracted from District

Census Handbook;Census of India,2011.

The socio-economic survey pertaining to the subjective analysis of the socio-economic

indicators was carried in Mirzapur, Palasbari, Garal, Azara and Kahi kuchi for understanding the

perception of the inhabitants regarding the proposed project activities.




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3.13.2 Baseline Socio-Economic Status of The Study Area

Demographic Profile The village-wise demographic profile viz. number of households, population, male-female

breakup, scheduled caste, scheduled tribes and literates is given in Annexure I. The

demographic pattern of the study area at a glance is depicted below in Table 3.38.

Table 3.38: Demographic Profile of the Study Area at a Glance Population Demographic

Parameters Study Area Rural Urban (census Town)

Number of District Kamrup Metropolitan and Kamrup

Number of Sub-district Azara and Palasbari

Number of villages/town 42 34 08

Total Households 25379 12970 12409

Total Population 112892 58673 54219

Male Population 57730 30216 27514

Female Population 55162 28457 26705

Scheduled Caste 9395 4493 4952

Scheduled Tribes 6287 5687 600

Total Literates 90001 45522 44479

Male Literates 48280 24733 23547

Female Literates 41721 20789 20932

Population (0-6yrs) 10265 5527 4738

Male Population (0-6yrs ) 5403 2921 2482

Female Population(0-

6yrs)

4862 2606 2256

Sex Ratio (No. of females

per 1000 males)

960 940 970

Scheduled Caste (%) 8.3 7.7 9.1

Scheduled Tribes (%) 5.6 9.7 1.1

Total Literacy (%) 87.7 85.6 89.9

Male Literacy (%) 92.3 90.6 97.2

Female Literacy (%) 82.9 80.4 85.6

Source: Primary Census Abstract CD (2011) of Assam State; Kamrup Metropolitan and Kamrup District

The salient observations are summarized below:

• Study area includes 34 villages and eight census town from Azara sub-district of Kamrup

metropolitan district and Palasbari sub-district of Kamrup district




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• Total population of 112892 comprises 57730 male and 55162 female from 25379

households lie within the study area.

• Scheduled caste population and scheduled tribe population is 8.3% and 5.6%, respectively.

However, the scheduled tribe population was found to be insignificant in rural area i.e.1.1%.

• Sex ratio (No. of females per 1000 males) is 960 which is higher than Kamrup Metropolitan

district (Rural) and Kamrup district (Rural) ie. 936 and 949 females per 1000 males as well

as national average sex ratio (940) as per the latest reports of Census 2011 Directorate.

• The literacy rate in the study area is 87.7% which is similar with average literacy rate of

Kamrup metropolitan district i.e. 88.7% and higher than Kamrup district (rural) i.e. 75.5%

and as well as that of Assam state (rural) i.e., 69.3%.

Economic Resource Base

District Profile The staple crop of the district is rice. The indigenous manufactures are confined to the weaving

of silk and cotton cloths for home use, and to the making of brass cups and plates. The chief

exports are rice, oil seeds, timber and cotton; the imports are fine rice, salt, piece goods, sugar,

betel nuts, coconuts and hardware.

Occupational Pattern within Study Area

As per 2011 census, the occupational pattern of the study area shows that the percentage of

main, marginal and non workers is 27.3%, 9.7% and 63% respectively. However, the majority of

main workers are engaged as cultivators i.e.81.8% followed by others workers*(25%),

agriculture labourers (9.3%) and household labourers (3.8%). However, majority of marginal

workers are engaged as others workers* i.e.63.7% followed by household labourers (15.6%),

agriculture labourers (14.4%) and cultivators (76.3%).The percentage of non-workers in the

study area is higher i.e. 63%. The village-wise employment pattern in the study area is given in

Annexure II.

The employment pattern of the study area at a glance is shown below in Table 3.39.

Table 3.39: Employment Pattern in the Study Area

Particulars Study Area

Total Population 112892 Main Workers (%) 30822 (27.3) Cultivators 2864 (9.3)




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Particulars Study Area

Agriculture Labours 1188 (3.9) Household Workers 1556 (5.0) Other Workers 25214 (81.8) Marginal workers (%) 10893 (9.7) Cultivators 684 (6.3 ) Agriculture Labours 1574 (14.4 ) Household Workers 1698 (5.6 ) Other Workers 6937 (63.7) Non Workers (%) 71177 (63.0)

Source: Primary Census Abstract CD (2011) of Assam; Kamrup and Kamrup Metropolitan District

Other Workers* : Include all government servants, municipal employees, teachers,

factory workers, plantation workers, those engaged in trade, commerce, business,

transport banking, mining, construction, political or social work, priests, entertainment

artists, etc.

Livelihood in the Surveyed Villages

During survey and interaction with local people it was revealed that Agriculture and its allied

activities is the main occupation of the people in the study area. Due to sufficient rain, people

are mostly depending upon rain water to carry out agricultural activities. Few households having

good financial conditions use modern equipments and tractors to carry out the agricultural work.

The predominant field crop is rice. Vegetable crops such as potato, pumpkin, brinjal and

cauliflower are also grown. The villagers sell these products in weekly market of surrounding

town and main market of Guwahati. Besides, people are also engaged as construction labour

and govt. and private jobs as a source of livelihood. Few are engaged in fishing activity as a

source of income.

Besides, people in the study area are expert in making bamboo and cane products and a small

number of womenfolk is engaged in handloom, handicraft and weaving works which is

additional source of income for them.

3.13.3 Medical & Public Health Facilities

The existing health infrastructure and services in the study area comprises of a Primary Health

Centre (PHC) at Mirzapur and Dispensary/Health Centre at Azara, Kahi Kuchi, Dharapur and

Garal. During our visit, it was informed that PHCs are inadequate with respect to staff and

equipments but organizes general health check-up and awareness programme on maternal and




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child care and immunization camps in the surrounding villages on a regular basis. People visit

Allopathic hospital exists in Palasbari and Azara for minor illness.

Existing Health Conditions and Concerns

No major diseases were reported by local people in the study area except routine cough, cold

and fever etc. The residents of surveyed villages reported annual expenditure on health to be

above Rs. 500-800 per family of 5 members. Due to the lack of equipments, infrastructure and

poor coverage of the existing health services in rural area, the residents consult private

practitioners at nearby towns and Guwahati city which is time consuming and expensive also.

The private hospitals in Guwahati city are equipped with better facilities than the PHCs in the

study area. The discussions with the local people indicate that these private clinics mostly

caters to the affluent class residents i.e., mostly belonging to middle income group in the area.

3.13.4 Outcome of Socio-Economic Survey

The salient observations arising out of survey are: � The average family size in the study area is 5 per family. However, joint families are

ranging from 5-10 members per household.

� Mekhela chador is the traditional Assamese dress worn by women all ages except the

children. The top portion of the two-piece dress, called the chador, is a long length of cloth

that has one end tucked into the upper portion of the Mekhela and the rest draped over and

around the rest of the body.

� The study area have mostly single dwelling unit. The houses are made largely using

cement, brick and roof of galvanized iron sheet. Also used wood based materials.

� Among surveyed villages, adequate educational facility (1st to 10th standard) is within reach

of the local people. To avail further education like degree, diploma, polytechnic and

engineering, students travel to Guwahati town.

� Most common source of potable water in the village comprises hand pump and tube wells.

People informed during survey that health issues are increasing among local people due to

presence of high percentage of iron in potable water.

� In surveyed villages, 80% households have individual toilet facility. Toilets are constructed

away from the main house near the periphery of the plot.

� Power supply facility is available for domestic use in all the villages but few households in

each surveyed village does not have electric connection which may be due to very low




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economic status. Wood remains the primary source of fuel for lower income groups

whereas some of the economically better off families have shifted to LPG for cooking

purposes.

� During survey, it was informed by local people that Primary Health Center (PHC) and

(PHS) available in the rural villages are not adequate with respect to staff and equipment.

Also, in case of emergency, people have to travel Govt hospital at Guwahati which is time

consuming and expensive also. Inhabitants also added that only people from lower income

group of rural area visit PHC whereas people who can afford consult private practitioners at

Guwahati city. Therefore, people are expecting a Health clinic with adequate staff,

diagnostic equipments and infrastructure facilities to be provided by proponent in nearby

area under welfare activity.

� The major crop cultivated in the area is paddy. Few households grow green vegetables

potato, brinjal, and cauliflower which are sold in weekly market in the surrounding towns or

in main market of Guwahati.

� The approach road and internal road network in rural villages are narrow and in bad

condition due to heavy rain/flood condition. State transport bus service up to the village is

not available but towns have good state transport bus facility. Besides, people use two

wheeler and auto rickshaw for their routine household chores. The nearest railway station

is Guwahati.

� Rice, sugar and kerosene are being distributed to those families who are having valid ration

cards under public distribution system (PDS) run by the government.

� The communication facilities can be termed as satisfactory as the surveyed villages are

privileged by post offices and mobile phones.

� Recreational facilities like television and radio are available in households having good

economic status.

Awareness and Opinion of People about the Project

An attempt was made to know the awareness and opinion of the people about proposed project

activities. As on date project awareness amongst the public is medium in the surveyed villages.

The respondents expect employment and improvement in infrastructure of the surrounding

villages. In general, the people in the study area are happy with their existing social environment

and lifestyle. Some of the concerning issues as identified during the socio-economic survey

refer to:




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� People expect that social welfare activities viz. improvement in road condition which gets

damaged due to heavy rains/flood in the area and implementation water purification system

which will help to decrease iron percentage in potable water which is affecting health of the

local people. The villagers should be consulted while deciding the welfare programmes by

the project proponent.

� The people are not against the setting up of proposed project in the area as this will surely

result into improvement in quality of life provided it is equipped with adequate measures for

environmental pollution control and preference should be given to local people in job

opportunities on the basis of their qualification, experience and skill.

3.13.5 Community Consultation

It will be of profound importance to study the perception as well as reaction of the community

people towards the proposed project activity. Group discussions with local people and school

teacher of selected villages was done to gather the existing baseline socio-economic

information on a various parameters of Quality of Life. During discussion, issues related to

employment generation, information flow, health and safety, social welfare activity etc. were

discussed.




3-86

During discussion with local people at village Azara it was revealed that improvement in

road condition which gets damaged due to heavy rains/flood every year in the area is

primary need of people. Besides, people expect preference should be given to local people

for employment opportunities in various activities during construction phase.

Further, people have to travel long distance to avail health facilities for major illness in

surrounding towns, which is time consuming and expensive. Therefore, people are

expecting a mobile medical facility with testing and diagnostic facilities to be provided by

proponent in nearby area under welfare activity.

In Kahi Kuchi, head-master of English

primary school run by AAI opined that lack

of teaching staff and poor condition of

school building and infrastructure is

affecting attendance and result of students.

Hence monitory help to improve these

facilities and also to complete higher

education to meritorious students is

expected from AAI.

There is however a desire among the local

youth for technical training to enhance their

opportunities for employment in the nearby

industries.

Mr. Jugal Kotaki, Assistant Teacher of Palasbari Girls High school stated that land is not

available to construct toilets for 250 girls studying in the school and hence they expect

financial help for land availability for construction of toilets.

Further, inadequate health facilities and presence of iron in potable water is the major

concern of the local people in the area.




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Annexure I Demographic Profile of the study area

Population Population Schedule

Caste

Population Schedule

Tribes

Literates District Sub-

district

Village Area

Type

Number

of

Household Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Rural

Mikirpara Chokardoi Rural 609 2802 1409 1393 957 476 481 167 76 91 2155 1150 1005

Mirzapur Rural 737 3355 1677 1678 109 54 55 18 10 8 2661 1403 1258

Kendukuchi Rural 200 863 450 413 0 0 0 0 0 0 675 374 301 Agcia Rural 325 1410 703 707 0 0 0 1 1 0 1173 608 565

Pat Gaon Rural 684 2772 173

2 1040 72 44 28 880 468 412 2154 1419 735

Jabe Rural 53 228 114 114 0 0 0 175 86 89 181 91 90

Jogipara Rural 1065 4482 2249 2233 232 109 123 79 37 42 3569 1851 1718 Matikutni Rural 2 11 6 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 5 2

Kamar Gaon Rural 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0

Kamrup Metropolitan

Azara

Pacheniapara Rural 541 2446 1245 1201 12 6 6 0 0 0 1687 913 774

Joypur Rural 18 35 18 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 3

Dakhala Rural 851 4049 2096 1953 16 8 8 0 0 0 3210 1749 1461

Barhanti Rangamati Rural 781 3598 1797 1801 0 0 0 0 0 0 2843 1485 1358

Dole Gaon Rural 22 99 51 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 74 42 32

Salesala Rural 117 536 280 256 0 0 0 0 0 0 436 237 199

Kaita Sidhi Rural 532 2363 1201 1162 12 6 6 2 2 0 1819 970 849 Bongara Rural 684 3273 1654 1619 0 0 0 0 0 0 2626 1383 1243

Maliata Rural 992 4534 2313 2221 156 88 68 1162 582 580 3412 1854 1558

Chayani Moniari Rural 557 2654 1347 1307 35 18 17 10 5 5 2094 1124 970

Chayani Rangamati Rural 420 1960 1039 921 548 296 252 0 0 0 1595 889 706

Hudumpur Rural 328 1510 764 746 0 0 0 0 0 0 1291 680 611

Barkukuria Rural 282 1309 685 624 0 0 0 0 0 0 1096 607 489

Kokjar (Kokrajhar) Rural 762 3560 1842 1718 1016 518 498 5 3 2 2780 1519 1261 Baranti Maniari Rural 596 2587 1339 1248 33 13 20 1 1 0 2050 1130 920

Santola Rural 524 2423 1229 1194 815 419 396 500 240 260 1984 1078 906

Sadilapur Rural 162 791 408 383 366 186 180 0 0 0 591 332 259

Kamargaon Rural 90 435 227 208 1 0 1 108 49 59 306 166 140

Sajan Para Rural 99 452 225 227 0 0 0 413 208 205 341 183 158 Rajapanichanda Rural 118 555 259 296 0 0 0 525 244 281 387 207 180

Nargaon Rural 230 1037 535 502 0 0 0 269 138 131 668 376 292

Kachari Allibari Rural 146 648 335 313 1 0 1 8 3 5 541 286 255

Kallapara Rural 362 1554 808 746 62 35 27 1155 593 562 956 533 423

Kamrup Palasbari

Kallapara N.C. Rural 55 209 108 101 0 0 0 209 108 101 125 65 60




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Garbhanga F.V. Rural 25 131 69 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 17 8 Total (A) 12970 58673 30216 28457 4443 2276 2167 5687 2854 2833 45522 24733 20789

Urban

Kamrup

Metropolitan

Azara

Azara (CT) Urban 2002 8780 4454 4326 1483 724 759 101 43 58 7074 3756 3318

Garal (CT) Urban 973 4400 2239 2161 144 70 74 4 2 2 3610 1913 1697

Majir Gaon (CT) Urban 1083 4774 2440 2334 221 116 105 1 0 1 4016 2125 1891

Kahi Kuchi (CT) Urban 2522 9917 5130 4787 834 435 399 311 171 140 7905 4219 3686

Dharapur (CT) Urban 1796 8095 4117 3978 195 103 92 33 18 15 6587 3506 3081

Kamrup Palasbari Palasbari (MB) Urban 1034 4925 2469 2456 341 174 167 5 3 2 4177 2178 1999

Kochpara (CT) Urban 1709 7540 3840 3700 124 59 65 130 74 56 6450 3409 3041

Parlli Part (CT) Urban 1290 5788 2825 2963 1610 793 817 15 5 10 4660 2441 2219

Total (B) 12409 54219 27514 26705 4952 2474 2478 600 316 284 44479 23547 20932

Total (A+B) 25379 112892 57730 55162 9395 4750 4645 6287 3170 3117 90001 48280 41721

Source: District Census Handbook; Census of India (2011); Kamrup Metropolitan and Kamrup District;Assam




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Annexure II

Workers Participation Details District Sub-

district Village Name Area

Type

Number of Household

Population Main Workers

Marginal Workers

Non Workers

Rural

Mikirpara Chokardoi

Rural 609 2802 812 262 1728

Mirzapur Rural 737 3355 875 183 2297

Kendukuchi Rural 200 863 261 54 548

Agcia Rural 325 1410 399 144 867

Pat Gaon Rural 684 2772 1193 125 1454

Jabe Rural 53 228 53 9 166

Jogipara Rural 1065 4482 1158 234 3090

Matikutni Rural 2 11 4 1 6

Kamar Gaon Rural 1 2 2 0 0

Pacheniapara Rural 541 2446 459 200 1787

Azara (CT) Urban 2002 8780 2475 311 5994

Garal (CT) Urban 973 4400 1226 209 2965

Majir Gaon (CT) Urban 1083 4774 1352 176 3246

Kahi Kuchi (CT) Urban 2522 9917 3012 344 6561

Kamrup Metropolitan

Azara

Dharapur (CT) Urban 1796 8095 2260 363 5472

Joypur Rural 18 35 15 3 17

Dakhala Rural 851 4049 1121 831 2097

Barhanti Rangamati

Rural 781 3598 974 921 1703

Dole Gaon Rural 22 99 22 6 71

Salesala Rural 117 536 95 112 329

Kaita Sidhi (Poitasidhi) Rural 532 2363 484 326 1553

Bongara Rural 684 3273 733 222 2318

Maliata Rural 992 4534 907 544 3083

Chayani Moniari Rural 557 2654 847 166 1641

Chayani Rangamati Rural 420 1960 597 331 1032

Hudumpur Rural 328 1510 408 44 1058

Barkukuria Rural 282 1309 410 55 844

Kokjar (Kokrajhar) Rural 762 3560 1055 308 2197

Baranti Maniari Rural 596 2587 644 334 1609

Kamrup Palasbari

Santola Rural 524 2423 280 541 1602




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District Sub-district

Village Name Area

Type

Number of Household

Population Main Workers

Marginal Workers

Non Workers

Sadilapur Rural 162 791 108 152 531

Kamargaon Rural 90 435 132 3 300

Sajan Para Rural 99 452 53 160 239

Rajapanichanda Rural 118 555 192 143 220

Nargaon Rural 230 1037 302 310 425

Kachari Allibari Rural 146 648 152 28 468

Kallapara Rural 362 1554 659 358 537

Kallapara N.C. Rural 55 209 49 86 74

Garbhanga F.V. Rural 25 131 28 0 103 Total (A) 12970 58673 15483 7196 35994 Urban

Azara (CT) Urban 2002 8780 2475 311 5994

Garal (CT) Urban 973 4400 1226 209 2965

Majir Gaon (CT) Urban 1083 4774 1352 176 3246

Kahi Kuchi (CT) Urban 2522 9917 3012 344 6561

Kamrup Metropolitan

Azara

Dharapur (CT) Urban 1796 8095 2260 363 5472

Palasbari (MB) Urban 1034 4925 1508 404 3013

Kochpara (CT) Urban 1709 7540 1987 882 4671

Kamrup Palasbari

Parlli Part (CT) Urban 1290 5788 1519 1008 3261 Total (B) 12409 54219 15339 3697 35183

Total (A+B) 25379 112892 30822 10893 71177 Source: District Census Handbook; Census of India (2011); Kamrup Metropolitan and Kamrup District; Assam


India Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures

ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited 4 -1

CHAPTER – 4

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

& MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 Introduction

The assessment of potential environmental impact consists of comparing the

expected changes in the environment with or without the new integrated terminal

building and associated works at Guwahati Airport. The main aim of assessment of

environment impacts is to identify the nature and significance of anticipated

environmental impacts. This chapter assesses the nature, type and magnitude of the

potential impacts likely on the various relevant physical, biological, social and cultural

components due to new integrated terminal building and associated works at

Guwahati Airport. The environmental, biological, ecological and social impacts can

be direct as well as indirect. The direct area of influence includes the construction

sites for the project and surrounding area. The impacts on various environmental

components can occur at any of the following stages of the project planning and

implementation: (i.) planning and design stage; (ii) construction stage; and (iii)

operation stage.

This chapter discusses the identification and appraisal of various environmental

impacts due to the planning, design construction and operation of the New Integrated

Terminal Building and associated works. The construction and operation phases of

the new integrated terminal building and associated activities will comprise various

activities, each of which may have adverse or beneficial impact on environmental

parameters. Various anticipated environmental impacts during the construction and

operation phases on the environmental parameters have been studied to evaluate

and estimate its impact on the environment. The environmental impacts can be

categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary impacts are those, which are

attributable directly to the project, secondary impacts are those, which are indirectly

induced and typically include the associated impacts and changed pattern of social

and economic activities by the proposed project.

The design, construction and operational phase of the New Integrated Terminal

Building and associated works at Guwahati Airport comprises various activities each

of which may have an impact on some or other environmental parameters. Various

environmental attributes during the construction and operation phase have been

studied/analyzed to estimate the overall impacts on the surrounding environment.




Due to the new integrated terminal building and associated works at Guwahati

Airport, water environment, air environment, noise, land environment, ecological

environment and socio-economic factors are identified as the significant

environmental components likely to be affected. The anticipated impacts on the

environmental components are identified, quantitatively/qualitatively evaluated,

predicted and discussed below with suitable mitigation measures.

Methodology for Qualitatively Assessment of Environmental Impacts

The anticipated environmental impacts due to new integrated terminal building, and

associated works at Guwahati Airport may be beneficial or adverse, short or long

term (acute or chronic), temporary or permanent, direct or indirect and local or

regional. Adverse environmental impacts include such impacts which can lead harm

to living resources, atmosphere, damage to human health, birds & animal,

vegetation, land & water resources, hindrance to activities in place, harm of quality

for use, reduction of amenities, damage to physical structures, etc. Environmental

risk is also evaluated based on its likelihood and significance for each identified

potential environmental impact due to proposed activities in the area. For the new

integrated terminal building and associated works at Guwahati Airport, the impacts

assessment has been carried out in the following three steps:

• Step 1 : Identification of interface between project activities and

environmental receptors

• Step 2 : Identification of potential environmental impacts

• Step 3 : Evaluation of significant environmental impacts

In Step 1, based on the project description and environmental baseline conditions, a

detailed matrix of activities and environmental receptors has been prepared. Based

on project activities and baseline environment conditions at and around Guwahati

airport site, it is determined whether an interface exists between project activity and

an environmental receptor.

In Step 2, on the basis of interface identified in Step 1, potential environmental

impacts due to new integrated terminal building and associated works at the

Guwahati airport activities are identified. The environmental impacts may be

beneficial or adverse, direct or indirect, reversible or irreversible and short-term or

long-term as given, as per criteria given in Table 4.1.




Table 4.1: Impact Assessment Rating Matrix

Impact Criteria

Beneficial Positive Nature of

Impact Adverse Negative

Short term Impacts shall be confined to a stipulated time Duration of

Impact Long term Impacts shall continue till the end of project life

Localized Impacts shall be confined within 10 km radius Impacted Area

Regional Impacts shall continue beyond 10 km radius

In Step 3, all the potential environmental impacts are evaluated and a qualitative

evaluation is carried out. An impact level is rated as “low”, “medium” or “high”. The

impact rating is based on two parameters, i.e. “severity of environmental impacts” and

“likelihood of occurrence of the environmental impacts”.

• Severity of Environmental Impact: The severity of an environmental impact is a

function of a range of considerations including impact magnitude, impact

duration, impact extent, compliance of prescribed legal framework and the

characteristics of the receptors/ resources; and

• Likelihood of Occurrence of Environmental Impact: How likely is the impact

(this is particularly an important consideration in the evaluation of unplanned/

accidental events).

The significance of each environmental impact is determined by assessing the

impact’s severity against the likelihood of the environmental impact occurring, as

summarized in the environmental impact significance assessment matrix provided in

Table 4.2.

Table 4.2: Impact Assessment Rating Matrix

Impact Likelihood

Impact

Severity

Unlikely

(e.g. not

expected to

occur

during the

project

lifetime)

Low Likelihood

(e.g. may occur

once or twice

during the

project lifetime)

Medium

Likelihood (e.g.

may occur

every few years)

High Likelihood

(e.g. routine,

happens several

times a year)

Slight Negligible

Impact

Negligible

Impact

Negligible

Impact

Negligible

Impact

Low Negligible

Impact

Negligible

Impact

Negligible to

Minor Impact

Minor Impact

Medium Negligible Minor Impact Minor–Moderate Moderate




Impact Impact Impact

High Minor

Impact

Moderate Impact

Major Impact Major Impact

Notes:

Negligible Impact : Defined as magnitude of change comparable to natural

variation

Minor Impact : Defined as detectable but not significant

Moderate Impact : Defined as insignificant; amenable to mitigation; should be

mitigated where practicable

Major Impact : Defined as significant; amenable to mitigation; must be

mitigated

The one of primary purpose of New Integrated Terminal Building and associated

works at Guwahati Airport is to increase the capacity of passengers. Accordingly,

keeping in view the current and future requirement, new terminal building and

associated works is proposed at Guwahati Airport.

The likely impacts of the new integrated terminal building at Guwahati Airport would

be due to:

• Pre-construction Phase

• Construction phase, which would be mainly regarded as temporary or short term;

and

• Operation phase, which would have long-term and permanent impacts.

The construction and operation phases of the new integrated terminal building and

associated works at Guwahati Airport comprise of various activities, which have been

considered to assess the anticipated impact on one or other environmental

parameter as described in the following sections:

The mitigation measures for adverse environmental impacts have been suggested as

applicable regulatory requirements on environmental and socio-economic issues and

are intended to meet the following objectives:

• Prevent air, water, soil and noise pollution during construction & operation

phases;

• Adopt environmental and social enhancement measures;

• Encourage the socio-economic development in the region.

The anticipated environmental impacts of the new integrated terminal building and

associated works at Guwahati Airport and corresponding mitigation measures for




construction and operation phases have been described in the following sub-

sections:

4.2 Anticipated Impact and Mitigation Measures for Pre-Construction Phase

The pre-construction phase will involve completion of necessary legal formalities with

respect to environmental clearances, site surveys/design and bidding of new

integrated terminal building and other associated works. The integrated terminal

building and other associated works and other associated works will require

equipment and machinery, requisite skilled, semi-skilled manpower & labour. The

supervision and project management will be undertaken by Airports Authority of

India.

4.3 Anticipated Impact and Mitigation Measures for Construction Phase

The construction phase will mainly consist of transportation of earth for filling,

machinery and construction materials to be used for construction, clearing and

levelling of land, construction of terminal building, parking etc and associated works

as per approved design, etc.

4.3.1 Topography & Physiography

Topography of the site is plains. For construction of new integrated terminal building

at Guwahati Airport, 5 m deep basement covering an area 7500 sqm will be

constructed. For construction of the proposed facilities at the Guwahati Airport,

tentatively 100000 cum filling will be required. Approx 50000 cum earth excavated

from construction of 7500 sqm size basement will be used filling at airport site.

Additional earth will be procured from approved quarry. After cutting and filling, land

for construction purpose will be leveled for construction of terminal building, parking

and associated works. The proposed construction will be confined within available

land only. Hence, the anticipated impact on the topography during construction

phase is rated as:

Environmental Impact Rating Topography & Physiography

Nature of Impact Adverse

Duration of Impact Long term

Impacted Area Localized

Likelihood of Occurrence Medium

Severity of Impact Medium

Significance of Impact Low




Mitigation Measures

• Land clearing at the site will be kept to the absolute minimum practicable; and

• Construction site would be designed to minimize filling of the earths.

• Borrowing of earth will be ensured only from approved borrow area having valid

environmental from District Level Environmental Impact Assessment Authority

(DEIAA).

• Borrow area will be rehabilitated after borrowing of necessary earth.

4.3.2 Land Use Pattern

For construction of new integrated terminal building and associated works at

Guwahati Airport, total 90000 sqm land is required, which is already available. The

land use pattern of the land used for construction of new integrated terminal building

and associated works, will be changed permanently, however this impact will be

localized. The impact on the land use pattern of the area during construction phase is

rated as:

Environmental Impact Rating Land Use pattern




Likelihood of Occurrence Low

Severity of Impact Slight

Significance of Impact Negligible

Mitigation Measures

• Land clearing for construction site will be kept to the absolutely minimum

practicable;

• The filling and cutting of soil would be kept minimum; and

• Construction debris and waste generated during construction activities will be

collected and disposed in environmental sound manner as per applicable rules

depending upon type of wastes.

4.3.3 Soil Quality

For construction of the proposed facilities at the Guwahati Airport, tentatively 100000

cum filling will be required. Approx 50000 cum earth excavated from construction of

7500 sqm size basement will be used filling at airport site. Natural soil/sand from

approved borrow areas will be brought to the site.




At the time of construction, some amount of debris, cuttings of construction materials,

etc, may be generated at the construction site. Wastes and debris generated at the

site will be collected time to time and disposed suitability to avoid contamination of

earth.

During the construction phase, hydraulic lube oil, fuels and lubricating oils would be

used near proposed construction site. There is possibility of spills of such oils during

loading, unloading, storing and handing. During construction phase, waste oil shall

be generated as and when lubricating oil will be changed from engines of DG sets

and construction machineries. Used oil shall be collected and stored in leak proof

drums and sent to be used oil recyclers. The used oil drums shall be properly

identified with a label in Assamese and English. Used oil generated shall be handed

over to authorised recyclers for treatment and reuse. Other solid wastes, like debris,

metal pieces, cotton wastes, electrical wires cuttings, etc so generated will be

collected & segregated and will be disposed off as per standard practices.

The overall impact on soil quality during construction phase is summarized as

hereunder:

Environmental Impact Rating Soil Quality


Duration of Impact Short term





Mitigation Measures

• Compaction and stabilization will be ensured during filling to ensure that no loose

soil is washed away with runoff during rains,

• Restoration of land surface with the condition and contours, prior to instigation of

construction activities,

• Wastes, fuel, oil drums, used oil, etc. would be collected and disposed properly,

• Dust bins will be placed at requisite locations at construction site and there will be

segregation of wastes before disposal,

• Used oil from maintenance of DG sets engines and construction equipment will

be collected separately in drums and will be handed over to the authorized used

oil recyclers by the Pollution Control Board, Assam as per the CPCB guidelines.

List of authorized used oil recyclers is already available at ASPCB website,




• Approx. 3100 kg per day municipal wastes, like, plastic, paper, packing waste,

bottles, oil contaminated cottons and clothes, food waste from labour camp, etc

will also be generated and may contaminate soil of the site, if not disposed

properly. These wastes will be segregated and disposed as per Solid Waste

Management Rules, 2016.

4.3.4 Drainage Pattern

For construction of new integrated terminal building and associated works at

Guwahati Airport, total 90000 sqm land will be used which is available within to

existing Guwahati airport. Proper slope and storm water management system will be

provided at the site to maintain natural drainage and runoff movement at the site and

surrounding areas. For storm water management at the site, rectangular sections for

side drains have been provided. The drains have been kept sufficiently away from

the taxiway / runway.The anticipated impact on the natural drainage pattern during

construction phase is rated as:

Environmental Impact Rating Drainage Pattern





Severity of Impact Low


Mitigation Measures

• Slope and storm water management shall be provided to maintain drainage and

flow of runoff in the drain.

• Drainage at the site will be maintained as per drainage counter at the site,

therefore, no flooding will be occurred at and around the Guwahati airport during

and after construction of integrated terminal building and associated works.

4.3.5 Flood and Natural Disaster

The Guwahati airport is existing operational airport. The airport is not geographically

vulnerable to floods. During the construction of new integrated terminal building, and

associated works at Guwahati Airport natural drainage will be maintained properly by

storm water management. For storm water management at the site, rectangular

sections for side drains have been provided. The drains have been kept sufficiently

away from the taxiway / runway.




The impact from the flood due to construction of new integrated terminal building and

associated works at Guwahati Airport is rated as:

Environmental Impact Rating Natural Disaster- Flood






Significance of Impact Minor

Mitigation Measures

• Area within the site for construction of new integrated terminal building and

associated works shall be filled and graded properly;

• Natural drainage will be maintained in the surrounding.

• For storm water management at the site, rectangular sections for side drains

have been provided. The drains have been kept sufficiently away from the

taxiway / runway.

• Construction of storm water drainage channels will not allow water logging at the

site and in surrounding area;

4.3.6 Water Resources

During the construction phase of the construction of new integrated terminal building

and other associated work at Guwahati Airport, approx 300 kl/day water will be

required depending upon the type of construction activities. The water requirement

will be met through existing deep bore well. The construction will be completed within

in approximately approx 36 months time. The construction water requirement would

be temporary in nature depending nature of construction activities. Therefore, the

impact on the water resources during the construction phase would be temporary

and variable in nature. The overall impact on water resource during construction

phase is rated as:

Environmental Impact Rating Water Resources










Mitigation Measures

• Continuous efforts will be made to optimize/reduce water usage,

• Continuous attempts will be made to avoid wastage and leakage of water,

• Record of water consumption on a daily basis will be maintained,

• Reuse of treated waste water for greenery and landscaping.

4.3.7 Water Quality

Water will be required for construction purposes during the period of construction

especially for concreting and compaction of earth filling. The water requirement will

be met by extracting ground water from existing borewell at the airport.

Anticipated impacts on water quality during construction phase may be due to

sewage and wastes generated from the construction site. The wastewater (sewage)

generated during construction phase will be mainly from domestic activities. At the

construction site 300 to 400 skilled, semiskilled and labour will be required for

construction activities depending construction activities. Wastewater generated from

domestic purposes will be minimal as most of the workers will be from the local area.

During the construction phase, excavated loose soil used for filling may be washed

out from the site with runoff during rainfall, which may increase the turbidity and

suspended solids in runoff from construction site. However, this impact may last

when first rain is over as loose soil will be stabilised after first rainfall. Therefore, this

impact will be temporary in nature.

The overall impact during construction phase on water quality is summarized as the

follows:

Environmental Impact Rating Water Quality










Mitigation Measures

• Excavation and site clearing work will be planned during non rainy season,

• All debris and wastes from the construction of new integrated terminal building

and other associated work will be collected and disposed off suitably,

• Silt traps will be provided to prevent the discharge of excessive suspended solids,

• Oil trap will be provided in the drainage line to prevent contamination of runoff by

any oil spillage from construction machineries,

• To prevent contamination from spillage of oil, storage areas will be made by

cemented floor, bunded and will be cleaned at regular intervals,

• Wastewater generated from the domestic activities (kitchen/toilet) will be treated

in septic tank after passing through oil trap followed by soak pit or used for green

belt development, and

• Used oil and oil contaminated cotton & clothes will be given to authorised used oil

recyclers.

4.3.8 Ambient Air Quality

The potential sources of air emissions during construction phase of new integrated

terminal building and other associated work will be as follows:

• Dust from earth works (during site preparation & excavation),

• Emissions from the operation of construction equipment and machines for

compaction,

• Fugitive emissions from vehicles running to the construction site,

• Fugitive emissions during the unloading of cement bags,

• Fugitive emissions during mixing of cement with other building materials,

• Emission for DG sets to be used temporarily during construction phase,

• Air emissions other than dust arise from combustion of hydrocarbons. The

pollutants of concerns are NO2, SO2, CO, un-burnt hydrocarbons and particulate

matter (PM10 & PM2.5).

The impact of construction activity on ambient air quality is a cause for concern

mainly in the dry months due to settling of dust particles. The main sources of dust

emissions during the construction period are the movement of equipment at the site

and dust emitted during the levelling, grading, earthworks, and other construction

related activities. The dust emitted during the above mentioned activities will depend

upon the type of soil being excavated and the humidity levels. The impact is likely to

be for short duration and confined to vicinity of the construction site. The composition




of dust in this kind of operation is however mostly coarse particles, inorganic and

non-toxic in nature and these are not expected to travel long distance before settling.

Exhaust emissions from vehicles and equipment deployed during the construction

phase also result in marginal increase in the levels of SO2, NO2, unburnt

hydrocarbons and particulate matter (PM10 & PM2.5). The impact will, however, be

reversible, marginal, and temporary in nature.

The impact of construction activities on ambient air would be temporary and

restricted to the construction phase. The impact will be confined within the project

boundary and is expected to be negligible outside the project boundaries. Proper up-

keep and maintenance of vehicles, sprinkling of water at construction site, etc. are

some of the proposed measures that would greatly reduce the impact on the air

quality during the construction phase of the project.

During the filling of earth, unloading of cement bags and mixing of cement with other

building materials, fugitive dust emissions may be emitted at the construction site. It

may be noted that these emissions would be in the form of coarse particulate matter

and will be settled down ultimately in the closed vicinity of the construction site.

Emissions from the DG sets may cause localised impact on ambient air quality for

short duration as these will be operated during grid power failure. DG sets will be

operated only in case of grid power failure. Adequate height of stacks will be

provided to the DG sets as per guidelines of CPCB to facilitate the dispersion of flue

gases in the atmosphere.

As construction activities will be mainly confined to the project site only for a short

duration, hence the impact on the ambient air quality during construction phase is

rated as given below:

Environmental Impact Rating Ambient Air Quality




Likelihood of Occurrence High






Mitigation Measures

• Dust suppression systems (water spray) will be used as per requirement at the

construction site;

• Construction materials and earth will be fully covered during transportation to the

construction site by road;

• Standard prescribed by the CPCB/ ASPCB for stack height and emissions from

DG sets will be complied with;

• Preventive maintenance will be carried out for vehicles and pollution check will be

mandatory on periodic basis all the vehicles approaching to the construction site;

• Earth moving equipment, typically a bulldozer with a grader blade and ripper, will

be used for excavation work;

• Monitoring of ambient air quality/source emission will be carried out as per details

given in Chapter 6 or as stipulated by the MoEF&CC/ ASPCB.

4.3.9 Noise Levels

During the construction phase of the new integrated terminal building and other

associated work, noise will be generated from various sources. Some major sources

of noise generation during construction phase of new integrated terminal building and

other associated work are listed below:

• Generation of noise during movement of vehicles carrying materials and loading

& unloading activities,

• Generation of noise from construction machines, pavers, concrete mixer,

compactor, rollers and other construction machines,

• Generation of noise from vehicle movement.

• Generation of noise during concreting, and pavement, etc,

• Noise from the mechanical operations at the site.

• Generation of noise from DG sets at works site.

All the above mentioned sources at the proposed construction activities will be

intermittent and would be experienced occasionally. It may also be noted that, most

of the construction activities will be carried out only during the daytime.

The expected noise levels from these activities are given hereunder in Table 4.3:




Table 4.3: Typical Noise Levels of Construction Equipment

Particulars Noise Levels dB(A)

Earth Movers

Front End Loaders 72-84

Tractors 76-96

Scrapers, Graders 80-93

Pavers 86-88

Trucks 82-94

Material Handlers

Concrete mixers 75-88

Concrete pumps 81-88

Stationary Equipment

Pumps 69-71

Generators 70-80

Resultant Noise Level

The combined effect of above sources can be determined as per the following

equation:

Lp(total) = 10 log (10(Lp1/10) + 10(Lp2/10) + 10(Lp3/10) + ……..….)

Where: Lp1, Lp2 and Lp3 are noise pressure level at a point due to different sources in

dB (A).

For an approximate estimation of dispersion of noise in the ambient air from the

source point, a standard mathematical model for sound wave propagation is used.

The sound pressure level generated by noise sources decreases with increases

distance from the source due to wave divergence. An additional decrease in sound

pressure level from the source is expected due to atmospheric effect or its interaction

with objects in the transmission path. The noise level generated from a source would

decrease with increase in distance from the source because of the wave divergence.

For hemispherical sound wave propagation through homogenous loss of free medium,

noise levels at various locations can be calculated due to different sources using model

based on the first principles as per the following equation:

Lp2 = Lp1 – 20 log(r2) – 8

Where: Lp2 and Lp1 - Sound Pressure Level (SPLs) at points located at source and at

distances of r2 from the source respectively in dB (A).




The resultant maximum noise level for the above sources as calculated using

combined effect equation is 85 dB(A). Assuming no environmental attenuation factors,

noise modelling has been done, which shows noise level will mingle with the baseline

noise level within short distance. Noise modelling results for construction phase have

been given in Table 4.4 and shown in Figure 4.1:

Table 4.4: Noise Modelling Results

Area Permissible Limits (Day Time) Distance from source

Silence Zone 50 dB (A) 159 m

Residential 55 dB (A) 89 m

Commercial 65 dB (A) 28 m

Industrial 75 dB (A) 9 m

The noise produced during construction phase will have temporary impacts on the

existing ambient noise levels at the project site but restricted to small distance

(maximum upto 160 m) and only during daytime within the airport. Therefore, the

impact of noise levels on surrounding area will be insignificant during the construction

phase.

The general noise level due to construction activities, such as working of heavy earth

moving equipment and machinery installation, may sometimes go up to 80 dB(A) at

the work site during day time. The workers in general are likely to be exposed to an

equivalent noise level of 70-75 dB (A) in an eight (8) hour shift for which all statutory

precautions as per law will be implemented. Use of proper Personal Protective

Equipments (PPEs) will further mitigate adverse impacts of noise on the workers, if

Figure 4.1: Attenuation of Noise from Source during Construction

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0

Distance from Source (m)

Resukta

nt N

ois

e L

evels

dB

(A)

Resultant Noise Level Background Noise Level Day Time




any. The impacts can be further minimized and made insignificant by using standard

practice of construction. The present noise level, monitored in the study area, is well

within the standards of noise level. Hence, the impact on the noise level during

construction phase is rated as given in the table below:

Environmental Impact Rating Noise Level







Mitigation Measures

• Provision of rubber padding/ noise isolators to DG sets and construction

machines

• Preventive maintenance of the machine/ equipments will be carried out;

• Provision of silencers to modulate the noise generated by machines;

• Provision of protective devices like ear muff/ plugs to the workers; and

• Monitoring of ambient noise level/ source emission will be carried out as per

details given in Chapter 6 or as stipulated by the CPCB/ ASPCB.

4.3.10 Terrestrial Ecology

During the new integrated terminal building and other associated work, no tree will

need to be felled. For construction shrubs and ground flora will be cleared for new

integrated terminal building and other associated work. Therefore, marginal impact is

anticipated on terrestrial ecology during the construction phase.

The overall impact on the terrestrial ecology due to construction activities is rated as:

Environment Impact Rating Ecology





Severity of Impact Minor

Significance of Impact Significant




Mitigation Measures

• Landscaping from construction phase to strengthening flora in the area; and

• Indigenous species will be selected which will be suitable for local climacteric

conditions.

4.3.11 Impact on Deepor Beel Ramsar Site

The Deepor Beel Ramsar Site / Deepor Beel Bird Sanctuary is located at distance of

approx 3 km in north-east direction from existing LGBI Airport at Guwahati. Between

Guwahati Airport and Deepor Beel, there populated areas and National Highway.

Deepor Beel Ramsar Site / Deepor Beel Bird Sanctuary is not located in flying path of

the existing Guwahati airport. From the new integrated terminal building, no waste

water of waste will be discharged in the Deepor Beel. The following mitigation

measures will be implemented during the construction phase for avoid any impact on

the Deepor Beel.

1. Silt fencing will be provided at out let of storm water drains.

2. Sewage and waste water generated from the new integrated terminal building will

be reused and recycled and there will be zero discharge of treated waste water

from the Guwahati Airport.

3. All types of wastes to be generated from the new integrated terminal building will

be collected and disposed in environmental sound manner as per applicable

rules.

4. Recommendations given be Chief Wildlife Warden will be implemented

accordingly/

4.3.12 Occupational Safety and Health

During construction phase of new integrated terminal building and other associated

work, the personnel working at the site may be exposed to physical hazards, like,

dust, noise, fugitive dust emissions, welding fumes, working at height, handling of

heavy loads, falling objects underneath of temporary structures, working on

unguarded moving machine, hammering and cutting without PPEs, etc. These are

most occupational hazards at the airport construction site and may have potential

adverse impacts on the Occupational Safety and Health. Hence, overall impact is

rated as follows:

Environmental Impact Rating Occupational Safety & Health










Mitigation Measures

General Occupational Health and Safety Measures

• Provide effective dust suppression measures during earth work.

• Dust-proof masks will be provided to personnel working in areas with high dust

levels;

• Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for machinery will be used;

• Mandatory use of relevant Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs) for all

workers. Employees will be provided with helmets, safety boots, eye and ear

protection and snug fitting gloves, safety belt, goggles, as appropriate;

• Procedures shall be strictly enforced for the storage, handling and transport of

explosives, flammable and hazardous materials;

• Sanitary facilities like toilets and bath rooms will be provided and workers will be

instructed use them;

• Housekeeping at the work site will be maintained well.

• Solid waste generated at the site will be collected and disposed as per standard

practices.

• Motivational, warning and informatary signage and poster related occupational

health and safety will be displayed at strategic locations

• Do and Don’ts will be provided at critical equipment and machinery.

• Pre-employment and periodic medical examinations will be conducted for all

personnel and specific surveillance programs will be initiated for personnel

potentially exposed to health hazards.

4.3.13 Socio-Economic Environment

The construction phase of the new integrated terminal building and other associated

work will have beneficial impacts on social environment as private land acquisition is

not involved directly as state government is handovering required land for new

integrated terminal building and other associated work.

During construction phase significant increase in income of local people is expected

as local unskilled, semiskilled and skilled persons will gain direct or indirect

employment during construction phase. Since the immigration of work force during

construction phase is likely to be very small, the social impacts on demography,




literacy, health care, transport facilities and cultural aspect are expected to be

insignificant.

Economic Impacts

The relatively short-lived economic impacts of the construction stage are likely to be

experienced in local area for the duration of construction phase as workers make

everyday purchases from local traders in near by areas. This is likely to give a short-

lived stimulus to the shopkeepers/traders that will disappear as soon as the

construction is complete. Noticeable, flow-on economic impacts will be experienced

in other sectors of economy as a result of purchase of construction materials and the

payment of wages and salaries to the personnel engaged in the new integrated

terminal building and other associated work. Hence, impact on economic impacts is

rated as follows:

Environmental Impact Rating Resettlement Issues

Nature of Impact Beneficial


Impacted Area Regional


Severity of Impact High

Significance of Impact Major

Employment

During the construction of the new integrated terminal building and other associated

work, 300 to 400 skilled and semiskilled and unskilled workers will get direct

employment opportunity for about one year, which will have beneficial impact on the

socio-economic conditions of the area. Therefore, overall positive impacts are

anticipated on socio-economic environment during construction phase. Furthermore,

local skilled, semi skilled and unskilled labourers will get indirect employment also

during the construction phase. This may also result in a steep rise in wages of

workers in the surrounding villages. Several other opportunities for locals will be

available in terms of supply of construction materials & machinery, vehicles and other

essential commodities, petty contracts, etc. Hence, overall impact on employment is

rated as follows:

Environmental Impact Rating Employment










Mitigation Measures

• Preference will be given to locals for direct and indirect employment opportunity;

• Local suppliers for machineries and construction materials will be given

preference;

• Local transporters will be preferred for transportation of machinery/

earth/materials;

• To train unskilled local work, short term skill development course will be

organized in the area.

Influx of Construction Workers

Although the construction contractors are likely to use unskilled labour drawn from

local communities, use of specialized road construction equipment will require trained

personnel not likely to be found locally. Sudden and relatively short-lived influxes of

construction skilled workers to communities near the airport may have the potential to

‘skew’ certain demographic variables and the traditional social coherence. Hence,

overall impact influx of construction workers is rated as follows:

Environmental Impact Rating Influx of Construction Workers







4.4 Operation Phase

During operation phase, new integrated terminal building and other associated work

at Guwahati Airport will comprise mainly following activities:

• Operation of New integrated Terminal Building

• Increase in passengers/visitors/ staff movement at departure and arrival of

terminal building;

• Vehicle movement at airport for drop and pick up;

• Operation of DG sets;

• Operation of HVAC in new terminal building; etc




During the operation of the new facilities, the following sources of pollution are

anticipated:

• Exhaust emissions in the form of particulate matters, NOx, SO2 CO and unburnt

hydrocarbons will be emitted from aircrafts movement (take-off, landing and

taxing), vehicular movement, and operation of DG sets;

• Wastewater from domestic usages which include, dine outlets, washing hands,

toilets and urinals, etc;

• Energy consumption for HVAC and lightings in new construction buildings.

• Solid waste from aircrafts, passengers, visitors, staff, cargo handling, sewage

treatment plant (STP), waste lubricating oil from machinery/ equipments, etc;

• Accidental spillage of fuel oil, if any.

The anticipated environmental impacts of the new integrated terminal building and

other associated work at Guwahati Airport & associated activities and corresponding

mitigation measures for operation phase have been described in the following sub-

sections.

4.4.1 Topography and Physiography

During operation phase of the Guwahati Airport after new integrated terminal building

and other associated work, no impact is anticipated on the topography and

physiography of the area. Hence, no mitigation measure is required.

4.4.2 Water Resources

Total water requirement at Guwahati Airport after proposed new integrated terminal

building is estimated as 1010 kld (Fresh Water 710 kld), which includes water for

HVAC, CFT, green belt purposes. Waste water generated from airport will be treated

in Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) and reused for HVAC, flushing, greenery

development.

The overall impact on water resources during operation phase is rated as follows:

Environment Impact Rating Water Resources






Significance of Impact Medium




Mitigation Measures

• Continuous efforts will be made to reduce water consumption using less water

required cisterns ;

• Water efficient urinal and toilets will be provided in new integrated terminal

building.

• Efforts will be made to stop wastage and leakage of water;

• Sewage and domestic waste water will be treated in MBR based Sewage

Treatment Plant

• Reused treated waste water in HVAC, flushing, greenery and landscaping

4.4.3 Water Quality

Total estimated wastewater generation during the operation phase is 808 kld, which

will be treated in Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). After treatment, treated wastewater

is reused for HVAC, flushing, greenery and landscaping. No wastewater will be

discharged outside the airport premises. The overall impact on water quality during

operation phase is rated as follows:







Significance of Impact Medium

Mitigation Measures

• Collection of waste water and treatment of waste water in Sewage Treatment

Plant (STP);

• Efficient operation of STP will be ensured.

• Avoid spillage of fuel and lube oil and storing them on concrete floor.

• Solid waste collection and disposal as per Solid Waste Management Rule 2016.

• Regular testing and analysis of treated waste water from STP to ensure

effectiveness of STP and compliance of discharge standards.




4.4.4 Soil

Approx 3100 kg per day solid waste will be generated during operation of the new

terminal building at Guwahati airport, which is collected, segregated and managed by

external agency for disposal as per Solid Waste Management Rule, 2016. Hence, the

impact on the soil will be insignificant as an organized solid waste collection and

disposal practices exist at the Guwahati Airport.

The overall impact on soil quality during operation phase of proposed terminal building

and associated works is rated as follows:








Mitigation Measures

• Municipal solid waste collection bins will be placed at strategic locations in the

new terminal building;

• Agency has been hired for disposal of solid wastes as per the provisions of the

Solid Waste Management Rule, 2016;

• Solid waste generated from the airport is transported in close containers;

• Used lubricating waste oil and oil contaminated clothes etc is collected separately

in containers and is sold to authorized recyclers as per CPCB/ Pollution Control

Board, Assam (ASPCB) guidelines.

4.4.5 Ambient Air Quality

During the operational phase of the operation of the new terminal building at

Guwahati airport, the intermittent air emissions are generated from aircraft engines

during approach, landing, taxiing, take-off and initial climb, which is termed as

reference Landing and Take-off Cycle (LTO cycle). The air pollutants of concern from

the aircrafts emissions are un-burnt Sulphur Dioxide, Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon

Monoxide (CO) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) as per ICAO guidelines.

For power back up 6 DG sets of 2000 KVA capacities each will be available at the

Guwahati Airport, which will be sufficient during operation of new terminal building




and other associated facilities. Exhaust emissions comprising NO2 and SO2 will be

generated from the operation of DG sets, which will be operated only to meet the

power requirement during grid power failure.

Vehicular emissions will also be generated at the Guwahati Airport from the operation

of vehicular traffic at the airport as ground support vehicles, passengers pickup and

dropping vehicles. These vehicles will be mainly diesel and petrol driven and will be

source of mainly CO, HC and NOx emissions.

For prediction of anticipated impact of emissions from the new terminal building at

existing airport, estimation of emissions load from Aircraft LTO, DG sets and vehicles

is essential. The emissions load estimation from various emission sources has been

carried out in following subsection:

Aircraft Emissions

Airport Air Quality Manual 2011 of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

has been referred for the aircraft emissions, which states emissions for various types

of aircraft based on one LTO cycle for SO2, NOx, CO and HC pollutants. The referred

emission rates for one LTO have been converted to g/sec based on the duration of

one LTO cycle in seconds. As per International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO),

time and thrust setting for Reference LTO Cycle is 32.9 minutes (1974 seconds).

During peak hour, it is considered that there will be total 4 LTO (2 LTO for each

Aircraft) at the Guwahati airport, which includes all types of aircrafts. For aircraft

emissions estimation purpose, LTO cycle emissions from B 747-400 and A 320 types

of aircrafts have been considered.

The estimated aircraft emissions for Guwahati Airport are given in Table 4.5.

Table 4.5: Estimated Aircraft Emissions for Guwahati Airport

Parameter Units Details

Type of Aircraft - B 747-400 A320 ATR 72

Numbers of Aircraft

12 70 25

Emissions per LTO Cycle

SO2 Kg/LTO cycle 0.88 0.96 0.91

HC Kg/LTO cycle 0.72 1.42 0.27

CO Kg/LTO cycle 7.07 7.55 7.3

NO2 Kg/LTO cycle 12.3 16.72 3.18

Total Emissions during LTO




(Kg/LTO Cycle)

SO2 g/s 0.45 0.39 0.10

HC g/s 0.36 0.29 0.15

CO g/s 3.58 3.14 1.18

NO2 g/s 6.23 4.56 0.92

During peak hour there will be total 18 LTO.

SO2 g/s 2.67 2.34 0.61

HC g/s 2.19 1.73 0.88 CO g/s 21.49 18.81 7.08 NO2 g/s 37.39 27.39 5.53

Emissions Rate from All Aircraft

SO2 g/s 5.62 HC g/s 4.80 CO g/s 47.39 NO2 g/s 70.30

(Source : Airport Air Quality Manual 2011, ICAO)

Emissions from the Operation of DG Sets

Six DG sets of 2000 kVA capacity each have been installed at the Guwahati airport

to meet the power requirement during grid power failure.

The exhaust emissions comprising mainly NO2, SO2 and Particulate Matter from the

operation of 6 DG sets of 2000 kVA to be operated in the event of grid power supply

failure. Intermittently particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO) and un-burnt

hydrocarbons will be emitted during operation of DG sets. Exhaust emissions from

DG sets will be intermittent source of emissions as DG sets will be operated only

during grid power failure. 30 m stack height of combined for DG set will be provided

to vent the flue gases into the atmosphere.

The estimated exhaust emissions characteristics from the DG sets are presented in

Table 4.6.

Table 4.6: Emissions From DG Sets Stack

Sn. Parameters DG Set Stack (6X2000 kVA)

1. Stack Height Above Building (m) 30

2. Stack Dia (m) 1.2

Flue Gas:

• Temperature (oC) 325

• Velocity (m/s) 19.3

3.

• Volume Flow Rate (Nm3/h) 39825




Sn. Parameters DG Set Stack (6X2000 kVA)

Concentration of Pollutants

SPM (mg/ Nm3) 50

SO2 (mg/ Nm3) 268.1

4.

NO2 (mg /Nm3) 299.3

5 Pollutants Load

SPM (g/s) 0.54

SO2 (g/s) 2.92

NO2 (g/s) 3.26

Emissions from Vehicular Movement

Vehicular emissions will also be generated from the operation of ground support

vehicles within airport and vehicular traffic for pickup and dropping of passengers at

the existing Guwahati airport. These vehicles will be mainly diesel and petrol driven

and emit mainly CO, HC and NO2. The peak hourly vehicular movement 600 vehicles

(including the ground service vehicles, two wheelers, buses and light duty vehicles

mainly cars and light carriage vehicles). The emissions from the diesel and petrol

driven vehicles have been calculated based on the CPCB emissions standards for

Bharat Stage –III/IV. The estimated vehicular emissions at Guwahati Airport are

given in Table 4.7.

Table 4.7 : Estimated Vehicular Emissions at Guwahati Airport

Emission Rate of Pollutants (g/s)

NOx CO HC PM

1.87 3.27 0.85 0.32

Total emissions from aircraft, DG sets and vehicles movement at the Guwahati Airport

after new integrated terminal building are given in Table 4.8.

Table 4.8 : Total Emission Sources and Emission Rates

Emission Rate of Pollutants (g/s) Sources

SO2 NOx CO HC PM

Aircraft 5.62 4.80 47.39 70.30 --

DG set 2.92 3.26 -- --- 0.54

Vehicular -- 1.87 3.27 0.85 0.32

Note : All above emissions sources are not continuous sources.

4.4.5.1 Air Pollution Modelling

There will no continuous emissions source at the Guwahati Airport. Air Flights and

vehicular movement remain intermittent at the airport. DG sets will be operated




intermittently in the event of grid power failure. For air pollution dispersion modelling DG

sets have been considered continuous source of emissions. For obtaining short-term

incremental ground level concentration (glc) isopleths, Breeze Air Suite dispersion

model based on Industrial Source Complex Model (ISC-ST3) developed by USEPA

was used. The ISC-ST3 model for emission sources uses the steady state Gaussian

plume equation for single/multiple continuous elevated sources. Calculations are made

at user specified regular rectangular/radial grid points or at specified special receptors

for any averaging time period as well as for entire period of input meteorology. The

model uses Pasquill-Gafford (for rural and urban areas) or Briggs for urban area

dispersion parameter correlations and Briggs plume rise correlation for calculating

short-or long-time incremental glc values at each grid point and these are then used for

plotting the isopleths over the entire grid. Rectangular grid with 500 m grid point

distance is used up to a distance of +10,000 m in X and Y directions with stack

coordinate as (O, O). For aircrafts and vehicular emissions, multiple volume sources

are considered while for DG set stack point model source is considered.

4.4.5.2 Source Characteristics

The estimated emission details for DG sets are given in Table 4.8.

4.4.5.3 Atmospheric Stability

The persistence of atmospheric stability class has been estimated using hourly

monitored wind velocity data along with compiled data for sunrise, sunset, solar

insolation for day-time and cloud cover for night-time for the site.

4.4.5.4 Mixing Height

The knowledge of the site specific mixing height (convective stable boundary layer and

inversion height or nocturnal boundary layer) is crucial in a realistic adoption of

appropriate plume rise and vertical dispersion parameters. In the absence of site

specific mixing heights, “Hourly Mixing Height and Assimilative Capacity of

Atmospheric in India” published by Environmental Monitoring and Research Centre,

India Meteorological Department, New Delhi, 2008, has been referred for hourly

mixing heights.

4.4.5.5 Presentation of Results

For the short-term simulations for point emission sources, the concentrations were

estimated on around 1600 receptors to obtain an optimum description of variations in

concentrations over the site in 10 km radius covering 16 directions. The incremental




concentrations are estimated for the study period representing post monsoon season.

The results ground level concentrations for SO2, NO2 and Particulate Matter (PM) are

presented in Table 4.9.

Table 4.9: Predicted 24-Hourly Short Term Incremental Concentrations

Pollutant Maximum

Incremental

Levels, (µg/m3)

Coordinates

(x, y)

Distance (km) Direction

SO2 5.16 (- 4.000, - 4000) 5.7 SW

NO2 6.82 (- 4.000, - 4000) 5.7 SW

PM 0.96 (- 4.000, - 4000) 5.7 SW

Predicted Concentrations

GLCs values presented in Table 4.9 reveals that the assuming that all six DG sets will

be operated continuously, maximum incremental short term 24 hourly ground level

concentrations of SO2, NO2 and PM likely to be encountered are 5.16 µg/m3, 6.82 µg/m3

and 0.96 µg/m3, respectively. The ground level concentrations are occurring at a

distance of 5.7 km in SW direction from the Guwahati airport site. Isopleths for predicted

ground level concentrations for SO2, NO2 and PM are given in Figure 4.2 to 4.4,

respectively.

The air pollution dispersion modelling predictions indicate that the maximum ground

level concentrations for SO2 and NO2 are likely to be well within the prescribed limit of

80 µg/m3 for industrial, residential, rural and other area. However, it is important to

mention that all six DG sets will not be operated continuously. Only four DG sets will be

operated only during grid power failure and 2 DG Sets will be kept standby. Therefore,

anticipated impacts of DG sets operations will be much below to the predicted ground

level constructions.

Resultant Concentrations

The maximum incremental GLCs due to the Guwahati airport for SO2, NO2 and PM are

already included in baseline air quality monitoring carried during study period as

Guwahati Airport is already in operation. Based on the predicted concentrations of

various pollutants due to operation of existing Guwahati Airport, it can be inferred that

moderate impact is anticipated on the ambient air quality of the area, as suitable

mitigation measures will be taken.

Hence, overall impact on ambient air quality during operation phase is summarized

as follows:




Environmental Impact Rating Air Quality






Significance of Impact Moderate

Mitigation Measures

• Compliance of all standards prescribed by the ICAO during operation of aircrafts

by preventive maintenance and monitoring;

• 30 m Stack height of DG sets will be as per the CPCB guidelines;

• Proper traffic management plan will be prepared to ensue that there is no traffic

congestion at in front of new terminal building. It will help in reduction of vehicular

emissions from the airport.

• Ground vehicles at the airport will be maintained and have a “Pollution Under

Control” certificate;

• Development of greenery and landscaping at the airport for improving ambient air

quality.

• Monitoring of ambient air quality/ source emissions will be carried out as per

monitoring plan.




Figure 4.2 : Isopleths of GLCs Values for SO2 for Guwahati Airport




Figure 4.3 : Isopleths of GLCs Values for NO2 for Guwahati Airport




Figure 44.4 : Isopleths of GLCs Values for PM for Guwahati Airport




4.4.6 Noise Levels

During operation phase of the proposed new terminal building at Guwahati airport,

landing, take-off and taxing of various types of aircrafts and apron will be major

sources of noise emissions. The effects of aircraft noise to receptors at the point of

interest on the ground fundamentally depend on the following factors:

• Effective Perceived Noise Level (EPNL) at the point of interest on the ground

during every aircraft movement;

• Type of aircrafts;

• Flight paths of aircraft during take-off and landing; and

• Number of LTO during the given period of time.

Local topography and weather also affect sound propagation generated during take-

off and landing of aircrafts.

To predict the impact on the existing noise levels in the study area due to the

operation of existing Guwahati airport after proposed new terminal building and

associated work, Integrated Noise Model (INM) developed by Federal Aviation

Administration (FAA), Office of Environment and Energy, USA has been used. This

model has inbuilt information on the various types aircrafts.

Aircraft noise modelling through integrated noise model (INM) uses (1) computation

of the flight-segment geometric and physical parameters; (2) flight-segment noise-

level interpolation process; (3) atmospheric absorption adjustment; (4) acoustic

impedance adjustment; (5) flight-segment noise-fraction adjustment for exposure-

based metrics; (6) aircraft speed adjustment for exposure-based metrics; (7) updated

lateral attenuation adjustment; (8) ground-based directivity adjustment for observers

behind start-of-takeoff-roll, as well as for computing metrics associated with run-up

operations; (9) new helicopter noise modelling capabilities and associated

adjustments (including advancing tip mach number, lateral directivity, static directivity

and static duration adjustments); (10) metric computation process; and (11)

development of a recursively-subdivided irregular grid methodology, which is used for

computing noise contours.

Aircraft Noise Modelling Results

The predicted noise levels and influenced area due to aircrafts movement at the

Guwahati airport are given in Table 4.10.




Table 4.10: Noise Levels And Area of Influence

Sr.

No.

Noise

Levels

Area of

Influence

(km2)

Remark

1. 80.0 0.07 Predicted noise levels confined within the airport

boundary

2. 75.0 0.21 Predicted noise levels confined within the airport

boundary

3. 65.0 1.94 The predicted noise levels fall within the airport

boundary

4. 55.0 5.32 About 2.4 km2 of area with these noise level is out side

the airport

5. 50.0 8.63 About 6.7 km2 of area with these noise level is out side

the airport

The noise levels from 65-85 dB(A) will be confined within the existing Guwahati airport

boundary. The noise levels of 55 dB(A) cross the boundary and affect 1.4 km2 of area

out side the airport. The noise levels of 50 dB(A) cross the boundary and affect 6.7

km2 of area out side the airport. The background noise levels range from 51.8-69.4

dB(A) at nearby villages which are located 1.4 km to 5.5 km from Guwahati airport. As

Guwahati airport is already in operation, therefore, impact of noise levels due to the

operation of existing Guwahati airport is included in monitored background noise

levels. However, noise mitigation measures to be implemented at and around the

existing Guwahati airport will further reduce the noise levels in nearby settlements.

DG Sets

For power back up 6 DG sets of 2000 kVA capacities each (4 DG sets for operation

during grid power failure and 2 DG sets standby) will be available at the Guwahati

Airport to meet the power requirement in the event of grid power failure. DG Sets will

be provided with acoustic enclosures as per CPCB guidelines. Therefore, noise level

will be essentially within 75 dB(A), as per prescribed noise standards.

It is evident from the above discussions that generation of noise level from aircraft

landing and take-off operation will be for a short duration (few seconds). Hence, the

overall impact on noise levels is rated as follows:

Impact Rating Noise Level







Impact Rating Noise Level




Mitigation Measures

• The compliance of all standards prescribed by the ICAO during operation of

aircrafts by preventive maintenance and monitoring,

• Proper traffic management has been prepared to ensue that there is no traffic

congestion at the airport. It helps in reduction of vehicular noise emissions from

the airport,

• DG sets have been provided with acoustic enclosure as per CPCB guidelines,

• Terminal building will be sound proof,

• Ground staff wears earplug while attending the aircraft,

• Green belt, landscaping and boundary at the airport act as barrier for noise;

• Green belt/plantation in the nearby settlements

• Monitoring of ambient air quality/source emission will be carried out as per

monitoring plan.

4.4.7 Traffic Management

The Guwahati Airport is located about 15 km away from Guwahati City. At Guwahati

Airport traffic circulation and management have been provided in such a way no

traffic jam during passenger drop and pick up. For new integrated terminal building,

existing two lane road will be widened to four lane by the state government for

smooth flow of traffic.

At the arrival and departure of proposed integrated terminal building, there will be

proper traffic circulation and management. After construction of new terminal

building, there is no possibility of traffic congestion on the Guwahati airport as proper

traffic management has been designed. Hence, overall impact on traffic management

during operation phase after construction of new integrated terminal building at

Guwahati Airport is rated as follows:

Environmental Impact Rating Traffic Management




Likelihood of Occurrence Moderate






Mitigation Measures

• All vehicles will be parked in designated parking area only;

• Road crossings will be well marked and signalled.

• Informatory and warning signages will be retro reflective type provided, clearly

visible in the night.

• Marshals will be deployed to guide the vehicles and stop vehicles to avoid traffic

jam at arrival and departure of Guwahati Airport.

4.4.8 Terrestrial Ecology

For proposed new terminal building approx no trees felling will be required. It is

proposed that landscaping and green belt will be developed around open space of

proposed terminal building. For irrigation of green belt, treated waste water from STP

is available and same shall be used. This has positive and long term beneficial

impact on terrestrial ecology of the area. Hence, overall impact on terrestrial ecology

during operation phase is rated as follows:

Environmental Impact Rating Terrestrial Ecology







Mitigation Measures

• Landscaping/ plantation/greenery will be increased after new terminal building.

• Indigenous species of trees will be planted after new terminal building

4.4.9 Impacts of the Project on the Deepor Beel

Deepor Beel Bird Sanctuary, a Ramsar Site is located at a distance of 3 km from the

project site of integrated terminal building. The Deepor Beel Bird Sanctuary is not

located in funnel area of runway of Guwahati Airport. Noise modelling carried for




existing airport, indicate that impact of aircraft noise from aircraft operation on the

Deepor Beel Bird Sanctuary is negligible.

Action Plans/Mitigation Measure

1. Landscaping and green belt will be developed towards Deepor Beel Bird

Sanctuary.

2. Solid Waste Generated from new integrated terminal building will be collected,

segregated and disposed in designated site as per Solid Waste Management

Rule 2016.

3. Sewage generated from the integrated terminal building will be treated in Sewage

Treatment Plant and reused for horticulture and flushing.

4. Recommendations of Chief Wildlife Warden will be implemented.

4.4.10 Heritage Structures

There is no heritage, historical or archaeological structure in the area around the

airport. Therefore, no impact is anticipated due to construction of new terminal

building at existing Guwahati Airport. Hence, no mitigation measure is required.

4.4.11 Occupational Hazards and Safety

The most significant occupational hazards from the airport operation at the existing

and after proposed facilities may include; collisions with moving ground service

vehicles, or taxing aircraft, high noise levels near aircraft, jet engine hazards, sucking

of person in to aircraft jet engine, fire in terminal building, etc. The overall impact on

occupational hazards and safety during operation phase is rated as follows:

Environmental Impact Rating Occupational Hazard & Safety







Mitigation Measures

• Operators and workers have been certified with access to airfield operations.

Workers involved in the operation of aircraft support equipment are familiar with




safety procedures applicable to apron and taxiway traffic, including

communications with the air control tower;

• Operators are provide safety signs and pavement markings for ground support

vehicle circulation and parking areas in ramps, taxiways and any other areas with

a risk of collision between ground vehicles and aircraft. Delineated safety areas

include high risk locations, such as jet engine suction areas to protect aircraft

service workers;

• All workers involved in luggage and cargo handling, whether as a regular or

incidental aspect of their work function, are trained in the use of proper lifting,

bending and turning techniques to avoid back injury or extremities. Particular

attention is placed on the handling of luggage and cargo in aircraft holds which

often do not have adequate standing height (requiring special lifting or pushing

techniques) and which may present tripping and slipping hazards.

• Workers will be provided with appropriate Personal Protective Equipments

(PPEs), such as knee pads, when accessing cargo holds;

• Safety features of ground support vehicles will be maintained, including back-up

alarms, moving part guards and emergency stop switches

• The frequency and duration of worker assignments to heavy lifting activities will

be mitigated through rotations and rest periods;

• Operators have facility for mechanizing luggage handling activities, such as the

use of conveyors that extend into the cargo holds; and

• Operators will be trained on the prevention of heat stress, including the

identification of early symptoms and management techniques (e.g. hydration,

rest). Workers will be provided with the necessary clothing and fluids to prevent

weather related stress.

• Fire fighting facilities will be provided in new terminal building.

General Safety Measures

• Shield guards or guard railings have been installed at all belts, pulleys, gears and

other moving parts;

• Conveyors and similar machinery have been provided with a means for stopping

them at any point ;

• Elevated platforms & walkways, and stairways & ramps will be equipped with

handrails, toe-boards and non-slip surfaces;

• Electrical equipment will be grounded, well insulated and conform to applicable

codes;

• Employees will be provided with hard hats, safety boots, eye and ear protection

and snug fitting gloves, as appropriate;




• Procedures will be strictly enforced for the storage, handling and transport of

explosives, flammable and hazardous materials.

General Health Measures

• Necessary control measures like ear muff and ear plug, high visible vest with

refractive tape will be provided to ground staffs at the Guwahati Airport.

• Personnel required to work in areas of high temperature and/or high humidity will

be allowed to take frequent breaks away from these areas; and

• Pre-employment and periodic audiometric medical examinations will be

conducted for personnel potentially exposed to high noise areas.

4.4.12 Impacts to Socio-Economic Environment

During operation phase new integrated terminal building at Guwahati Airport will

open additional direct and indirect job opportunities in the area and region. Further, it

will attract more and more tourist, commercial and developmental activities in the

area. Therefore, positive impacts are anticipated on socio-economic environment

during operation phase after extension.

Employment and Economic Growth

The new integrated terminal building, Guwahati Airport will result in a boost in tourism

and commercial activities in the region. This will improve direct and indirect

employment opportunities, revenue generation, commercial and industrial activities;

therefore, resulting in positive impact on the employment and economic growth of the

region. Hence, overall impact during operation phase is rated as:

Environmental Impact Rating Employment & Economic Growth



Impacted Area Regional



Significance of Impact Moderate


India Analysis of Alternative


Chapter-5

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

5.1 Introduction

The consideration of alternatives of the new integrated terminal building and

associated works at Guwahati Airport is one of the more proactive sides of

environmental assessment - enhancing the project design through examining

options instead of only focusing on the more defensive task of reducing adverse

impacts of a single design. This calls for the systematic comparison of feasible

alternatives for the new integrated terminal building at Guwahati Airport,

technology and operational alternatives. Feasible alternatives are compared in

terms of their potential environmental impacts, capital and recurrent costs,

suitability under local conditions and institutional, training and monitoring

requirements.

Examining feasible alternative means of carrying out a task involves answering

the following three questions:

(i) What are the alternatives?

(ii) What are the environmental impacts associated with each alternative? and

(iii) What is the rationale for selecting the preferred alternative?

5.2 Alternative of Project Site

The existing terminal building at Guwahati has saturated. In view of the future

traffic growth at Guwahati Airport, there is a urgent need requirement of

construction of New Integrated Terminal Building at the available land within the

airport premises. The site for proposed new integrated terminal building will be

within airport. Therefore, no alternative site has been considered for new

integrated terminal building.

5.3 Alternative for New Building

At the airport construction of centrally air-conditional new integrated terminal

building of modular design with all modern facilities and amenities is proposed as

per the layout plan. Integrated Terminal Building with area of 90000 sqm

(excluding 7500 sqm Service area as per requirement in Basement) shall be

designed for 2900 Domestic and 200 International passengers at a time with the

recommended area specifications and to match the level of service “B” as per

International Airport Transport Association (IATA) recommendations in initial


India Analysis of Alternative


years & finally to match level of service ʺCʺ in year of saturation. The building will

be provided with aesthetically appealing & soothing interior decoration matching

the modern structure.

5.4 Alternative for Energy Conservation Measures

During design and construction of new terminal building at the Guwahati airport

necessary measures will be taken for conservation of energy in line with “Energy

Conservation Building Code–2017” and “National Building Code 2016”. The

important energy conservation measures proposed for new terminal building are

described below:

• Airport Terminal building have been designed and constructed for GRIHA

Rating 4 star,

• Use of Energy Efficient building material & glass,

• Use of LED lamps instead of GLS lamps,

• Use of Solar Backed up Light Emitting Diode Lamps instead of par lamps,

• Energy efficient HVAC system,

• Solar passive techniques for terminal building,

• Use of 5 star BEE energy efficiency rating electrical equipments,

• Microprocessor-based Building Management System (BMS) will be installed

for minimization of energy consumption,

• Automatic lighting on/ off control system will be provided in the airport area

for optimum utilization of energy.

It is proposed that 540 KW solar power generation plant will be established at the

airport to produce clean energy.

By adopting above measures about 30% energy will be saved.

5.5 Alternative for Green Building

It is proposed that all works necessary will achieve 4 stars GRIHA Rating. GRIHA

is an acronym for Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment. GRIHA is a

rating tool that helps to assess the performance of their building against certain

nationally acceptable benchmarks. It evaluates the environmental performance of

a building holistically over its entire life cycle, thereby providing a definitive

standard for what constitutes a ‘green building’. The rating system, based on

accepted energy and environmental principles, will seek to strike a balance

between the established practices and emerging concepts, both national and

international.


India Environmental Monitoring Plan


CHAPTER 6

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

6.1 Statutory Compliance /Returns

The Airports Authority of India will submit required statutory returns/compliance

reports for compliance of conditions of environmental clearance to be obtained for

new integrated terminal building at Guwahati Airport as per the following schedule:

• Submission of half yearly compliance report in respect of the stipulated prior

environmental clearance’s terms and conditions in hard and soft copies to the

Regional Office of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

(MoEF&CC) on 1st June and 1st December of each calendar year

• Submission of environmental statement for the financial year ending 31st March to

the concerned regulatory authority on or before 30th September every year.

• Submission of Water Cess returns in Form 1 as per Rule 4 (1) of The Water

(Prevention & Control of Pollution) Cess Rules 1978 on or before the 5th of every

calendar month.

6.2 Environmental Monitoring

To ensure the effective implementation of the mitigation measures and environmental

management plan during construction and operation phases of new integrated

terminal building and associated work at Guwahati Airport at Guwahati, it is essential

that an effective Environmental Monitoring Plan be designed and followed during

construction and operation phases. Suitable mitigation measures will be taken in

case monitored parameters are exceeding the stipulated limits. As part of post

project monitoring, Airports Authority of India will collect and monitor following data

regularly:

• Meteorological data collection at the airport.

• Compilation of emission inventory to quantify airport sources and the contribution

to baseline emissions

• Compilation of the emission inventory for aircraft sources will be undertaken.

• Continuous noise level monitoring by online integrated noise meters within airport

premises. This noise meter will be connected to central monitoring station where

all the data is stored and processed.


India Environmental Monitoring Plan


6.2.1 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) Monitoring

Ambient air quality parameters recommended for construction and operation of

Guwahati Airport are PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO. These are to be monitored at

designated locations starting from the commencement of construction activities.

Ambient air quality monitoring data will be generated twice in a week once in a

season during construction phase and operation phase at all identified locations in

accordance to the National Ambient Air Quantity Standards.

6.2.2 Water Quality Monitoring

The parameters relevant for analysis of quality of treated waste water from STP are

pH, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, BOD, COD, oil & grease, etc. The

sampling and analysis of ground water quality will be carried out in accordance with

the Indian Standard Drinking Water Specification - IS 10500:2012.

6.2.3 Noise Levels Monitoring

The measurements of noise levels would be carried out at the boundaries of

Guwahati Airport after construction of new terminal building and associated facilities

in accordance to the Ambient Noise Standards formulated by Ministry of

Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC). Noise level would be

monitored on twenty-four hourly basis. Noise will be recorded at “A” weighted

frequency using a slow time response mode of the measuring instrument.

6.2.4 Soil

During construction and operation phases of new integrated terminal building and

associated facilities at Guwahati Airport, soil may be contaminated if suitable

mitigation measures are not taken. Therefore, composite sample of soil will be

collected and analyzed during construction and operation phases.

Environmental monitoring plan for various environmental parameters is given in

Table 6.1:


Environmental Monitoring Plan

ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited

6-3

Table 6.1: Environmental Monitoring Plan for New Integrated Terminal Building at Guwahati Airport Environmental Component

Project stage Parameter Standards Locations Duration/ Frequency

Construction Phase PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO

National Ambient Quality Standards

Existing Airport, Guwahati

Continuous 24-hourly, once in season

Air

Operation Phase PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO

National Ambient Quality Standards

Existing Airport, Guwahati

Continuous 24-hourly, once in season

Construction Stage Parameters as per IS 10500:2012

As per potable water quality standards (IS 10500)

One sample at the Guwahati Airport

Once in six months during the construction phase

Water Quality

Operation Phase Parameters as per IS 10500:2012

As per potable water quality standards (IS 10500)

Guwahati Airport Once in six months during the operation phase

Treated Waste Water from STP

Operation Phase pH, TDS, TSS, BOD, COD, Oil & Grease

As per prescribed standards

One sample of treated waste water at outlet of STP

Once in month

Construction Phase Day and Night Time Noise Level in dB (A)

As per National Noise standards

4 locations on the boundary of Guwahati airport

Once in season during the construction phase

Noise

Operation Phase Day and Night Time Noise Level in dB (A)

As per National Noise standards

Terminal building arrival and departure, Boundary of Guwahati Airport.

Once in season during the operation phase

Soil Construction Composite sample

from the site for

Physio-chemical

parameters

As per EMP At Guwahati Airport Pre and Post

Monsoon during the

construction phase




6-4

Environmental Component

Project stage Parameter Standards Locations Duration/ Frequency

Operation Composite sample

from the site for

Physio-chemical

parameters

As per EMP At Guwahati Airport Pre and Post

Monsoon for 5 years

EIA for Construction of New Integrated Terminal Building at LGBI Airport, Guwahati by Airports

Authority of India Environmental Monitoring Plan


6.3 Environmental Reporting System

Monitoring and evaluation are critical activities in implementation of

environmental management measures. The reporting system will operate linearly

with the contractor who is at the lowest rung of the implementation system

reporting to the Airports Authority of India. All reporting by the contractor will be

on a monthly basis.

The compliance monitoring and the progress reports on environmental

components may be clubbed together and submitted to the Airports Authority of

India monthly during the implementation period. The operation stage monitoring

reports may be half yearly and annually provided the project Environmental

Completion Report shows that the implementation was satisfactory.

Responsibilities for overseeing will rest with the Airports Authority of India.

Capacity to quantitatively monitor relevant environmental/ecological parameters

would be an advantage but monitoring will primarily involve ensuring that actions

taken are in accordance with contract and specification clauses, and specified

mitigation measures as per the Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

During the implementation period, a compliance report may include description of

the items of EMP. It would also report to the management about actions taken to

enforce compliance. It may however, be noted that certain items of the EMP

might not be possibly complied with for a variety of reasons. The intention of the

compliance report is not to suppress these issues but to bring out the

circumstances and reasons for which compliance was not possible. This would

help in reinforcing the implementation of the EMP.

The photographic records will also be established to provide useful

environmental monitoring tools. A full record will be kept as part of normal

contract monitoring. Reporting and Monitoring Systems for various stages of

construction and related activities have been proposed to ensure timely and

effective implementation of the EMP.

The reporting system has been prepared for the following phases of the

proposed extension of runway, expansion of apron and associated works at

Guwahati airport, viz:

• Pre construction stage

• Construction Stage, and

EIA for Construction of New Integrated Terminal Building at LGBI Airport, Guwahati by Airports

Authority of India Environmental Monitoring Plan


• Operation Stage

6.4 Environmental Monitoring Cost

The budget for environmental monitoring for construction and operation phases

of the proposed extension of runway, expansion of apron and associated works

at Guwahati airport has been estimated and presented in Table 6.3. The

construction phase monitoring period for the airport has been considered for 3

years while for operation phase monitoring period has been taken for 5 years.




Table 6.2 - Cost of Environmental Monitoring

Component Stage Item Unit Unit Cost Quantity Total Cost

(Rs)

Construction Ambient Air Quality monitoring at

construction site in tandem with

construction activities at 4 sides

boundary of the airport site

Continuous 24-hourly,

twice a week once in

every season during

Construction Phase

Rs 4,000/-per

sample

18 72000

Six Monthly Monitoring of DG sets

emissions

1 no of samples every

year for 5 years

Rs 4,000/-

per sample

60 240000 Air

Operation

Ambient air quality monitoring during

operation phase at 4 locations

Continuous 24-hourly,

twice a week once in

season for 5 years

Rs 5,000/-

per sample

60 300000

Construction Ground water at the site for

construction period Pre and Post Monsoon

Rs 6,000/-

per sample

4 24000

Ground Water at Site for 5 years of

operation phase Pre and Post Monsoon

Rs 6,000/-

per sample

10 60000 Water

Operation Treated waste water from outlet

Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) for 5

years of operation phase

Every 6 Month Rs 3000/- per

sample

10

30000

At equipment yard No. of Samples Rs. 2,000/-

per sample

As and when

necessary

60000

Construction Ambient noise levels monitoring at

construction site in tandem with

construction activities at 4 sides

boundary of the Guwahati airport site

One day hourly

measurement, once in 6

months for 5 years

Rs 2,000/- 50 100000

Noise

Operation Terminal building arrival and

departure, take off and landing side of

boundary

One day hourly

measurement, once in 6

months for 5 years

Rs 2,000/-

per sample

40 80000

Soil Construction Composite sample from the site for

Physio-chemical parameters

Pre and Post Monsoon Rs 6,000/-

per sample

4 24000




Component Stage Item Unit Unit Cost Quantity Total Cost

(Rs)

Operation Composite sample from the site for

Physio-chemical parameters

Pre and Post Monsoon

for 5 years

Rs 6,000/-

per sample

10 60000

Total 1050000


India Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan

ABC Techno Labs India Pvt. Ltd, 7-1

CHAPTER – 7

RISK ASSESSMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.1 Introduction

Hazard Analysis involves the identification and quantification of various probable

hazards (unsafe conditions) that may occur at the new integrated terminal

building at Guwahati Airport. On the other hand, risk analysis deals with the

identification and quantification of risks, the equipment/facilities and personnel

exposed, due to accidents resulting from the hazards present at the Guwahati

Airport.

Hazard occurrence at the new integrated terminal building at Guwahati airport

may result in on-site implications, like:

• Storage of HSD for DG sets operation in underground tanks;

• Fire in ATF Tanks

• Leakage of flammable materials, like, HSD followed by fire;

• Bomb threat at terminal building, cargo terminal and aircraft; and

• Natural calamities like, earthquake, cyclone, high winds, etc.

Other incidents, which can also result in a disaster at the new integrated terminal

building at Guwahati airport, are:

• Agitation/forced entry by external group of people; and

• Sabotage;

• Air raids; and

• Crashing of aircrafts i.e. while landing or take-off.

Risk analysis follows an extensive hazard identification and analysis. It involves

the identification and assessment of risks to the people exposed to hazards

present. This requires a thorough knowledge of failure probability, credible

accident scenario, vulnerability of populations, etc. For emergency response

planning, risk analysis is carried out for worst case scenarios.




7.2 Approach for the Risk Analysis

Risk involves the occurrence or potential occurrence of various type accidents

consisting of an event or sequence of events. The risk analysis assessment

study covers the following:

• Identification of potential hazard areas;

• Identification of representative failure cases;

• Visualization of the resulting scenarios in terms of fire and explosion;

• Assess the overall damage potential of the identified hazardous events and

the impact zones from the accidental scenarios;

• Assess the overall suitability of the site from hazard minimization and

disaster mitigation points of view;

• Furnish specific recommendations on the minimization of the worst accident

possibilities; and

• Preparation of disaster management plan (DMP), on-site and off-site

emergency response plan.

7.3 Hazard Identification

7.3.1 Introduction

Preliminary hazards analysis is based on the philosophy "Prevention is better

than cure".

Identification of hazards at the Guwahati airport is of primary significance in the

risk analysis, quantification and cost effective control of accidents. A classical

definition of – hazard states that hazard is in fact the characteristic of system

that presents potential for an accident. Hence, all the components of a system

need to be thoroughly examined to assess their potential for initiating or

propagating an unplanned event/sequence of events, which can be termed as

an accident. Hazard identification has been carried out in the purview of

following:

• Identification of hazards based on Manufacture, Storage and Import of

Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 (as amended in 2000); and

• Identification of hazards due to handling and storage of HSD based on




qualitative/quantitative techniques.

7.3.2 Identification of Hazards Due to Storage of HSD and ATF at Guwahati

Airport

At the airport, HSD is stored and handled for DG sets operation while ATF is

stored for refueling of aircraft. It is essential to have comprehensive information

on High Speed Diesel (HSD) and Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) being handled at

the Guwahati airport. An understanding of their physico-chemical properties of

HSD will help for hazard identification.

High Speed Diesel (HSD)

High speed diesel is a mixture of straight run product (150 °C and 350 °C)

with varying amount of selected cracked distillates and is composed of

saturated hydrocarbons (primarily paraffins including iso, and cycloparaffins),

and aromatic hydrocarbons (including napthalenes and alkylbenzenes). Its

exact composition depends on the source of crude oil from which it is

produced and the refining methods used.

Physical properties of high speed diesel are as given below:

Boiling point/Range : 215 – 376 oC

Physical state : Liquid

Appearance : Yellowish Brown

Vapour pressure : 2.12 to 26mm Hg at 21 oC

Odour : Perceptible odour

Solubility in water @ 30 deg.C : Insoluble

Specific gravity : 0.86 - 0.90 at 20 °C

Pour Point : 6 - 18 °C

Flammability : Yes

LEL : 0.6%

UEL : 6%

Flash point (deg C) : 32 (°C)

TDG Flammability : Class 3

Auto Ignition Temp : 225 °C




HSD presents a moderate fire hazard. On heating, it can cause pressure rise

with risk of bursting and subsequent explosion. It also forms explosive mixture

with air particularly in an empty container

Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF)

Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) is clear colourless to yellow liquid with slight

petroleum odor. It is flammable liquid and highly flammable in presence of

open flame and spark. The flammability of ATF is ranked as 2 by National Fire

Protection Association (NFPA).

Physical and chemical properties of ATF are as given below:

Boiling Point : 160°C

Specific Gravity : 0.81 (Water = 1) at 15.6 oC

Vapor Pressure : 1 kPa (@ 37.8°C)

Vapor Density : 5.7 (Air = 1)

Auto-Ignition Temperature : 210°C

Flash Points : 38°C

Flammable Limits : Lower: 0.7% Upper: 5 %

Viscosity : 8 cSt @ -20.0 °C

Solubility : Low PPM range in water

7.3.3 Identification of Hazards Based on MSIHC Rule, 2000

Manufacturing, Storage, Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 (amended

in 2000) has been enforced by Govt. of India under Environment (Protection)

Act, 1986. For the purpose of identifying hazard installations the rules employ

certain criteria based on toxic, flammable and explosive properties of chemicals.

MSIHC Rule is applicable for storage of HSD and ATF at the existing Guwahati

airport.

7.3.3.1Hazardous Conditions

An accidental release of HSD for DG operation and ATF from tanks or piping

during unloading and filling in aircraft may result in formation of fixed or

spreading pool of released qualities. In case of immediate ignition a pool fire

will result. Delayed ignition may result in explosion or flash fire, if quantity of




explosive mass is sufficient and some confinement is present.

Pool Fire

A leak or spill of sufficient quantities of petroleum product will result in an

accumulation of petroleum product on the ground. If ignited, the resulting fire

is known as spreading or fixed pool fire. In case any object comes in contact

with the flame above the pool, it will be severely damaged or destroyed and

personnel exposed to flame will suffer extensive burn injuries. Objects and

personnel outside the actual flame volume may also be affected or injured by

radiant heat. The extent of damage or injury depends on the heat flux and

duration of fire and exposure. If a large area of the body receives second and

third degree burns, it can result in fatalities.

The extent of injury to people depends on the heat flux and duration of

exposure. The extent of damage to personnel and property depends on the

size of the pool and the duration of fire.

Thermal Effects

In case of fire, thermal effect is likely to cause injury or damage to people and

objects. A substantial body of experimental data exists and forms the basis for

thermal effect estimation. The consequence caused by exposure to heat

radiation is a function of:

• Radiation energy onto the human body [kW/m2];

• Exposure duration [sec];

• Protection of the skin tissue (clothed or naked body).

The following damage distances for thermal radiation have been used:

37.5 kW/m2 : Damage to process equipment. 100% fatality in 1 min. 1%

fatality in 10 sec.

12.5 kW/m2 : First degree burn for 10 sec. exposure

4.0 kW/m2 : First degree burn for 30 sec. exposure




Vapour Cloud Explosion/Flash fire

Vapour cloud explosion scenarios have been considered for confined (over

pressure scenario) as well as non-confined scenario (flash fire).

If a released HSD and ATF are not ignited directly, the vapour cloud will

spread in the surrounding area towards wind direction. The drifting cloud will

mix with air. As long as the vapour concentration is between the lower and

upper explosion limits, the vapour cloud may be set on fire by an ignition

source. In case of delayed ignition of a vapour cloud, two physical effects

may occur: a flash fire (non-confined) over the whole length of the flammable

vapour cloud; a vapour cloud explosion (confined) which results in blast wave,

with typical peak overpressures circular around the ignition source. For

generation of overpressure effects, some degree of confinement of the

flammable cloud is required. The extent of injury to people & damage to

property or environment depends on the cloud size, explosive mass in the

cloud and the degree of confinement at the time of ignition.

Delayed Ignition & Explosion

In case of delayed ignition of a natural vapour cloud, two physical effects may

occur:

• A flash fire (non confined explosion) over the whole length of the explosive

vapour cloud;

• A vapour cloud explosion (confined explosion) that results in blast wave,

with typical peak overpressures circular around the ignition source. For

generation of overpressure effects, some degree of confinement of the

flammable cloud is required.

The following Table 7.1 gives damage criteria with respect to the peak

overpressures resulting from a blast wave:




Table 7.1 Damage Effects due to Overpressures

Peak Overpressure Damage Type

0.830 bar Total Destruction

0.350 bar Heavy Damage

0.170 bar Moderate Damage

0.100 bar Minor Damage

The Table 7.2 below gives an illustrative listing of damage effects caused by

peak overpressure.

Table 7.2: Illustrative Damage Effects due to Overpressures

Peak Overpressure

(Bar)

Failure

0.005 5 % Window Shattering

0.02 50 % Window Shattering

0.07 Collapse of a roof of a tank

0.07-0.14 Connection failure of panelling

0.08-0.1 Minor Damage to Steel Framework

0.15-0.2 Concrete block wall shattered

0.2 Collapse of Steel Framework

0.2-0.3 Collapse of self framing Steel panel building

0.2-0.3 Ripping of empty oil tanks

0.2-0.3 Deformation of a pipe bridge

0.2-0.4 Big trees topple over

0.3 Panelling torn off

0.35-0.4 Piping failure

0.35-0.8 Damage to Distillation Column

0.4-0.85 Collapse of pipe bridge

0.5 Loaded Train Wagon overturned

0.5 Brick walls shattered

0.5-1.0 Movement of round tank, failure of connecting

piping

(Source: TNO)




7.3.4 Maximum Credible Accident Analysis (MCAA)

At the Guwahati airport, HSD and ATF may be released as a result of failures of

hose pipe used for loading and unloading or catastrophic rupture of pipe or pipe

connection, causing possible fire and explosion resulting damage human and

property in the surrounding area. This section deals with the question of how the

consequences of the release of such substances and the damage to the

surrounding area can be determined by means of models. Maximum Credible

Accident analysis encompasses certain techniques to identify the hazards and

calculate the consequent effects in terms of damage distances of heat radiation,

vapor cloud explosion, etc. Depending upon the effective hazardous attributes

and their impact on the event, the maximum effect on the surrounding

environment and the respective damage caused can be assessed.

The Guwahati Airport may mainly pose flammable and explosion hazards due to

unwanted release or leakage of HSD and ATF. Consequence analysis is

basically a study of quantitative analysis of hazards due to various failure

scenarios. It is that part of risk analysis, which considers failure cases and the

damage caused by these failure cases. It is done in order to form an opinion on

potentially hazardous outcome of accidents and their possible consequences.

The reason and purpose of consequence analysis are many folds like:

- Estimation of consequence distances;

- Design Criteria.

- Protection of other installations; and

- Emergency Planning;

The results of consequence analysis are useful for getting information about all

known and unknown effects that are of importance when some failure scenario

occurs and also to get information as how to deal with the possible catastrophic

events.

7.3.5 Scenarios Considered for Consequence Analysis

HSD is stored in underground tank as per Oil Industry Safety Directorate

(OISD), therefore, possibility of fire and explosion in underground storage tank




is negligible. The selected scenarios for consequence calculations are given

in Table 7.3.

Table 7.3: Selected Scenarios for Consequence Calculations

Scenario

No.

Description Outcomes

1. Leakage of HSD from unloading hose

followed by Immediate/delayed ignition

Pool Fire/ Vapour

Cloud Explosion/

Flash Fire

2. Leakage during filling of ATF in Aircraft

followed by Immediate/delayed ignition

Pool Fire/ Vapour

Cloud Explosion/

Flash Fire

3. ATF Tanker on fire Pool Fire/ Vapour

Cloud Explosion/

Flash Fire

Note: Vapour Cloud Explosion (Confined) and Flash Fire (Non-confined)

Model Used For Consequence Analysis

The consequence analysis studies involve a large number of calculations for

which established computing aids are essential. PHAST software of DNV has

been used to perform the consequence calculations. PHAST is a

consequence and risk assessment software for calculation of physical effects

(fire, explosion, atmospheric dispersion) of the escape of hazardous

materials. PHAST software allows detailed modelling and quantitative

assessment of release of pure and mixtures of liquid and gaseous chemicals.

7.3.6 Consequence Analysis

Scenario-1: Leakage of HSD from unloading hose followed by

Immediate/ delayed ignition

On release of HSD from unloading hose, HSD will be spread on the ground

and spread pool of HSD will be formed. On early or delayed ignition, spread

pool fire will be observed. Consequence calculations for HSD from unloading

hose followed by fire have been carried out as per the details given below:




• Pool Fire Heat Radiation

On ignition of spreading pool, thermal radiation distances will be as given: Thermal Radiation Level Distances (m) Radiation

Level 4 m/s – B 3 m/s – D 3 m/s - E 2 m/s - F

37.5 kW/m2 Not

Reached

Not

Reached

Not

Reached

Not

Reached

12.5 kW/m2 24.8703 22.0459 22.7949 20.1355

4 kW/m2 55.3158 51.2855 51.3208 46.4665

Thermal radiation radii from spreading pool fire are shown in Figure 7.1.

Vapour Cloud Explosion: In the event of delayed ignition after release of

HSD, vapours of HSD will be generated from the surface of spreading pool

and dispersed into the atmosphere towards prevailing wind directions.

However, no vapour cloud explosion will be occurred:

Figure 7.1: Intensity Radii for Late Pool Fire for Leakage of HSD from Unloading Hose




Flash Fire In the event of delayed ignition, vapours of HSD will be generated from the

surface of spread pool and dispersed into the atmosphere towards prevailing

wind directions. The distances of HSD vapours within the UFL and LFL are

given below:

Distances (m)

Concentrations 4 m/s – B 3 m/s – D 2 m/s - E 2 m/s - F

UFL 5.66 4.188 4.18 2.71

LFL 88.77 114.98 103.55 107.16

Flash Fire Envelope distances will be as given below:

Flash Fire Envelope Distances (m) Concentrations

4 m/s – B 3 m/s - D 2 m/s - E 2 m/s - F

Furthest Extent 88.77 114.98 103.55 107.16

Flash fire envelope distances are shown in Figure 7.2.

Figure 7.2: Flash Fire Envelope for Leakage of HSD from Unloading Hose




Scenario-2: Rupture of Hose filling of ATF in Aircraft followed by

Immediate/delayed ignition

On release of ATF during filling aircraft, ATF will be spread on the ground and

spread pool of ATF will be formed. On early or delayed ignition, spread pool

fire will be observed. Consequence calculations for ATF from filling hose

followed by fire have been carried out as per the details given below:

• Pool Fire Heat Radiation

On ignition of spreading pool, thermal radiation distances will be as given: Thermal Radiation Level Distances (m) Radiation

Level 4 m/s – B 3 m/s – D 3 m/s - E 2 m/s - F

37.5 kW/m2 Not

Reached

Not

Reached

Not

Reached

Not

Reached

12.5 kW/m2 16.72 15.94 16.60 15.77

4 kW/m2 33.83 33.06 33.44 32.30

Thermal radiation radii from spreading pool fire are shown in Figure 7.3.

Figure 7.3: Intensity Radii for Late Pool Fire for Leakage of ATF from Loading Hose




Vapour Cloud Explosion: In the event of delayed ignition after release of

ATF, vapours of ATF will be generated from the surface of spreading pool and

dispersed into the atmosphere towards prevailing wind directions. However,

no vapour cloud explosion will be occurred:

Flash Fire

In the event of delayed ignition, vapours of ATF will be generated from the


wind directions. The distances of ATF vapours within the UFL and LFL are

given below:

Distances (m) Concentrations 4 m/s – B 3 m/s – D 3 m/s - E 2 m/s - F

UFL 27.44 31.66 28.99 30.42

LFL 77.28 79.97 72.39 75.74



3 m/s – B 3 m/s - D 2 m/s - E 2 m/s - F

Furthest Extent 77.2769 79.9647 72.3849 75.7425


Figure 7.4: Flash Fire Envelope for Leakage of ATF from Loading Hose




Scenario - 3: ATF Tanker on Fire

In the event of ATF tank on fire, thermal radiation will be occurred in the

surrounding area. Thermal radiation distances will be as given:

Thermal Radiation Level Distances (m) Radiation Level 4 m/s – B 3 m/s – D 3 m/s - E 2 m/s - F

37.5 kW/m2 Not

Reached

Not

Reached

Not

Reached

Not

Reached

12.5 kW/m2 24.90 24.49 25.04 24.82

4 kW/m2 58.77 57.11 58.22 56.59

Thermal radiation radii from tank on fire are shown in Figure 7.5.

Figure 7.5: Intensity Radii for ATF Tanker on Fire




Explosion Effects: In the event of fire in ATF tanker, explosion may take

place. Maximum distances for overpressure are as given below:


Over Pressure 83.93 96.44 86.45 89.84

Late explosion worst case radii distances are shown in Figure 7.6.

Flash Fire

In the event of delayed ignition, vapours of ATF will be generated from the


wind directions. The distances of ATF vapours within the UFL and LFL are

given below:

Figure 7.6: Late Explosion Worst Case Radii for ATF Tanker on Fire





UFL 23.45 29.81 27.51 33.65

LFL 71.89 86.88 75.34 78.56



4 m/s – B 3 m/s - D 2 m/s – E 2 m/s - F

Furthest Extent 71.89 86.88 75.34 78.56


Figure 7.7: Flash Fire Envelope Radii for ATF Tanker on Fire




7.3.7 Risk Mitigation Measures

The risk mitigation measures already being taken at Guwahati Airport are as

given below:

• Prompt action in the event of an accidental release of HSD or ATF is

essential.

• Where there is a possibility of a flammable liquid spill, provisions have

been made to ensure as follows: (i) the spread of the spill is limited; (ii)

non-flammable absorbent material is available for immediate use; (iii)

ignition sources can be quickly removed; and (iv) the area is well

ventilated.

• Routine testing and inspection are carried out for storage area, hoses and

fueling tanker and record will be maintained.

• Leakages from tanker is prevented by a suitable regime of preventive

maintenance and inspection.

• Heat and smoke detectors will be provided at strategic locations.

• Adequate fire fighting facilities have been provided near storage and

handling of HSD and ATF.

• Fire fighting facilities are tested as per schedule.

• Ground staff near aircraft has been trained to take measure in the event of

spillage and during fire emergency.

• Fueling in Aircraft and DG sets ‘day tank’ is done under the supervision of

trained operators.

• Open vents is provided of goose neck type, covered with a 4 to 8 mesh

screen to discharge the vapours of hydrocarbons from storage tanks,.

• Every storage tank and tanker, including all metal connections, is

electrically continuous and has been effectively earthed.

• Static grounding of aircraft is ensured whenever the aircraft is parked;

including during refueling and defueling.

• Check list for operators for checking safety system and equipment is

prepared and check records kept in safe custody.

• The critical operating steps are displayed on the board near the location

where applicable.




• Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)” are followed while unloading or

fueling the aircraft.

• Mock drills are conducted in every three months involving all concerned

agencies.

• All concerned agencies are provided Disaster Management Plan and

regular interaction are made.

Risk Mitigation Measures for Fueling of Aircrafts

• Earthing and bonding connections are attached and mechanically firm.

• Equipment performing aircraft servicing function is not positioned within 3

m radius of aircraft fuel vent openings.

• Equipment other than that performing aircraft servicing functions are not

positioned within 15 m of aircraft during fuel servicing operations.

• The accessibility to the aircraft by fire vehicles are established during

aircraft fuel servicing.

• Handheld intrinsically safe communication devices used within 3 m from

the fuel vent is intrinsically safe.

• For open hose discharge capacity of the aircraft fueling system, at least

one listed wheeled extinguisher having a rating of not less than 80-B.

• Presence of at least 2 x 9kg ABC dry powder fire extinguishers at both

sides of the refueling browser / dispenser is ensured.

• Spark plugs & other exposed terminal connections are insulated.

• All vehicles, other than those performing fuel servicing, are not driven or

parked under aircraft wings.

• Electric tools, drills or similar tools likely to produce sparks or arcs are not

used.

• The ground service activities do not impede the egress should there be an

emergency.

• A clear area for emergency evacuation of the aircraft is maintained at the

rear (or front) aircraft exit door.

7.4 Disaster Management Plan

The important aspect in emergency management is to prevent by technical

and organizational measures, the unintentional escape of hazardous

materials out of the facility and minimize accidents and losses.




Emergency planning demonstrates the organization's commitment to the

safety of employees and increases the organization's safety awareness. The

format and contents of the Disaster Management Plan have been developed

taking into consideration the regulatory guidelines, other applicable

documents and accepted industry good practice principles formulated as a

result of lessons learned in actual emergencies requiring extensive

emergency response. A plan can work smoothly and effectively only if the

instructions are correctly and promptly followed and action taken at various

levels is well coordinated.

7.4.1 Objective of Emergency Planning

The objective of the disaster management plan is to describe the emergency

response organization, the resources available and response actions

applicable. It deals with various types of emergencies that could occur at the

Guwahati airport with the response organization structure being deployed in

the shortest time possible during an emergency. Thus, the objectives of

emergency response plan can be summarized as:

• Rapid control and containment of the hazardous situation;

• Minimizing the risk and impact of an event/accident; and

• Effective rehabilitation of the affected persons, and prevention of damage

to property.

To effectively achieve, the objectives of emergency planning, the critical

elements that form the backbone of the plan are:

• Reliable and early detection of an emergency and careful planning;

• The command, co-ordination, and response organization structure along

with efficient trained personnel;

• The availability of resources for handling emergencies;

• Appropriate emergency response actions;

• Effective notification and communication facilities;

• Regular review and updating of the plan; and

• Proper training of the personnel.




7.4.2 Categorization of Emergencies

The emergencies at the Guwahati airport can be classified under several

headings. These headings are listed below together with a description of the

type of emergency.

i. Fires on the Ground

Fire on the ground can be aircraft related and non-aircraft related. Fire

involving aircraft can be at any location on the taxiway or apron area where

the aircraft is parked. Non-aircraft related fire involves mainly the terminal

buildings, ATF tanker and HSD storage, etc.

ii. Natural Disasters

The airport is located in Seismic Zone V as per seismic classification.

Seismicity is a natural hazard for Guwahati Airport project. Therefore,

necessary design measures have been taken for making structure earthquake

proof.

7.4.3 Key Functions of Airport Director and Other Supporting

Organizations/Agencies/Services for mitigation of emergency at

Guwahati Airport

Concerned officers and other external supporting

organizations/agencies/services will be called upon as necessary to mitigate

crisis depending on the nature of emergency. Table below summarizes the

general key functions of Airports Authority of India (AAI) and other supporting

organizations/agencies/services during crisis at Guwahati Airport.

Sn Organization//Agencies/Servic

es

Key Functions

1. Guwahati Airport Fire Service • Fire-fighting operations

• Post-accident fire protection

• Evacuate injured passengers to

hospitals

• Support structural fire-fighting

and evacuation




Sn Organization//Agencies/Servic

es

Key Functions

• Support mitigation of dangerous

foods accidents/incidents

• Inform fire brigade at Guwahati

Airport.

2. Terminal Building Management • Activate Key Officials and other

external agencies/services such

as hospitals, panel doctors,

ambulance services,

• Activate the Emergency

Response and Interaction Centre

(ERIC) Group

• Set up the Emergency

Coordination Centre (ECC),

Friends and Relatives Reception

Centre (FRRC)

• Passenger facilitation and

business recovery at terminal

buildings

• Support terminal building

evacuation

3. Engineering • Provide technical support and

assistance

• Support recovery efforts

4. Local Police • Guarding of site and

preservation of evidence

Guwahati Airport including eye-

witness accounts and

photography.

• Maintain law and order at the

side.

7.4.4 Emergency Operations/Coordination Centers Established for Mitigation

of Emergencies

During a major disaster such as severe fire outbreak at terminal building, the

various emergency operations will be established immediately to mitigate the




disaster.

The emergency operations and coordination centers at Guwahati Airport will

comprise Crisis Management Centre (CMC), Emergency Coordination Centre

(ECC), and Friends and Relatives Reception Centre (FRRC). Each of them

has its own functions and roles to perform during the crisis:

i. Crisis Management Centre (CMC)

Established by the AAI, the Crisis Management Centre is to function as an

overall overseeing and controlling authority of the crisis mitigating process

during a major on ground fire. The committee of the Crisis Management

Centre comprises the following permanent and supporting members:

The functions of the CMC include:

a. Formulate strategic plans and policies, as well as engage in high level

decision making for the mitigation of crisis.

b. Control, coordinate and support operations during an Incident.

c. Oversee the work and progress of protracted fire-fighting and rescue, and

salvage operations.

d. Liaise with the airline concerned, local authorities, ministries, and

governmental departments for support.

e. Arrange and provide welfare to the staff involved in the mitigation of crisis.

f. Regulate the release of information to the public on the facts of the aircraft

disaster.

g. Issue press releases and organize press conferences.

h. Ensure that the post-accident operations are completed expeditiously so

that the Guwahati airport can resume normal operations in the shortest

possible time.

ii. Emergency Coordination Centre (ECC)

Located near to Entry Gate, the Emergency Coordination Centre will be

established by the Airport Director, during a major disaster, to coordinate the

response and functions of the external supporting organizations, agencies,

and services involved in the mitigation of the emergency.




The committee of ECC comprises the following officials:

• Terminal Manager - Chairman

• Engineering In-charge - Alternate Chairman

• Manager - Civil

• Manager - Electrical

• Security Officer

• CISF Representative

• Police Representative

Functions of the ECC include:

a. Support incident site fire-fighting and rescue operations through liaison

and coordination with the external organizations/agencies/ services.

b. Facilitate mobilization of external resources to the crash site, such as

issuing emergency passes and arranging with Apron Control for "Follow-

me" vehicles.

c. Arrange and facilitate visits by the VVIPs to the site (if any).

iii. Assembly Area (AA)

Assembly area is an area set up near the incident site to temporarily receive

the uninjured casualties until the arrangements to transport them to the

Hospital is made. Two Assembly Areas (AA) will be near parking in front of

terminal building.

iv. Friends and Relatives Reception Centre (FRRC)

The FRRC serves as a secure area, away from the attentions of the media,

for the friends and relatives of those involved in an accident. The

documentation process within the FRRC helps to confirm who was on the

site/aircraft and facilitates the reunion.

On receiving the "Fire" message, Terminal Director will set up the FRRC.

The staff shall man the FRRC, and the police shall take charge of the security

of the area.




At the FRRC, the airline staff shall:

• Attempt to verify the identity of the visitors on entry;

• Conduct documentation and briefing;

• Update with the latest information including passenger manifest, that has

been officially cleared;

• Provide care and comfort including refreshments;

• Arrange for doctors and/or CARE officers through ECC on a need basis.

Command structure and communication flow among various emergency /

coordination centers is given below:

7.4.5 Media Management

Airport Director – Chairman and his team shall take the lead to handle all

press matters. They are single point media interaction. They will be

responsible for developing the overall information management plan, with

emphasis on strategies to manage the information flow. They will also be

responsible for the preparation of press releases and the organization of

press conferences.

All press personnel will first be directed to Airport Director 's Media Centre. At

the Media Centre, press briefing, communications and transportation service

for taking the press personnel to and from the accident site, when permissible,

will be arranged/provided.

No unauthorized persons shall be allowed in the Media Centre. Only

members of the press, free-lance reporters and photographers wearing a valid

pass issued by Airport Director will be admitted to the Media Centre, or

Command Structure and Communication

CMC

ECC FRRC




transported to the scene of the accident.

7.4.6 Emergency Procedures

7.4.6.1Fires on the Ground (Aircraft Related Fires Occurring in Aircraft

Movement Areas)

An aircraft can catch fire while it is taxiing in the movement area or parked.

Such a scenario can arise from a defect or malicious act, and may develop

into a major disaster.

When the aircraft on the ground on fire is sighted, Airport Fire Service through

the crash alarm communication system will be informed and provide details of

the aircraft fire, for example:

• Location of aircraft;

• Nature of fire (e.g. undercarriage fire, engine fire);

• Number of POB; and

• Presence of dangerous goods, if known.

The Air Traffic Controller shall give clearance to the responding fire vehicles

to enter the runway/taxiway as soon as possible.

If the fire is large and has caused extensive damage to the aircraft and

external resources are required to aid in the mitigation process, the Air Traffic

Controller shall declare "Aircraft on Fire".

The standard text and format used for the "Aircraft on Fire" message shall be

as follows:

AIRCRAFT ON FIRE:

Aircraft Operator;

Aircraft Type & *Flight Number; Location of Aircraft;

*Nature of Fire (e.g. undercarriage fire, engine fire);

*Number of Persons on Board (POB);

*Any Dangerous Goods on Board.

(*The information shall be provided if it is available and applicable.)




The use of the phrase "Aircraft on Fire" is to give distinction and therefore

avoid confusion between aircraft crash and aircraft on the ground on fire.

7.4.6.2Fires on the Ground (Fires Involving at Guwahati Airport, i.e. Non-

Aircraft Related Fires)

Fire may occur at any of the part of Guwahati Airport. If out of control, such a

fire may cripple the key Guwahati airport facilities and disrupt the normal

operations.

During a fire occurrence, however small it may appear to be, any person

discovering it shall:

♦ Raise the fire alarm via the nearest manual call point. If no manual call

point is readily available, raise the alarm by other available means.

♦ Inform the Fire Service immediately of the exact location of the fire via the

following telephone numbers.

Operate a suitable fire extinguisher where readily available, or any water

hose reel within range. [*Note: Attempt to put out the fire using a fire

extinguisher shall only be carried out if the fire is small (i.e., at incipient

stage) and does not pose any danger to the operator. Also take note that

water shall not be used on fire involving liquid such as HSD, as well as on

energized electrical equipment unless such equipment has been de-

energized.)

♦ On receipt of a structural fire call, the Fire Operator shall request the caller

to provide the following details:

• Location of fire;

• Type of fire;

• Name of caller;

• Telephone number of caller.




7.5 Training and Education

Regular training would be provided to all personnel who have a role in

planning and operational response to an emergency. The main goal of

training for emergencies is to enable the participants to understand their roles

in the response organization, the tasks associated with each position and the

procedures for maintaining effective communications with other response

functions and individuals.

The training objectives are:

• To familiarize personnel with the contents and manner of implementation

of the plan and its procedures,

• To train personnel in the performance of the specific duties assigned to

them in the plan and in the applicable implementation procedures,

• To keep personnel informed of any changes in the plan and the

implementing procedures,

• To maintain a high degree of preparedness at all levels of the Emergency

Response Organization,

• Train new personnel who may have moved within the facility organization;

• Test the validity, effectiveness, timing and content of the plan, and

• Update and modify the plan on the basis of experience acquired through

exercises and drills.

7.6 Mock Drills and Exercises

Mock drills constitute another important component of emergency

preparedness. They refer to the re-enactment, under the assumption of a

mock scenario, of the implementation of response actions to be taken during

an emergency. Emergency drills and integrated exercises have the following

objectives.

• To test, efficacy, timing, and content of the plan and implementing

procedures;

• To ensure, that the emergency organization personnel are familiar with

their duties and responsibilities by demonstration;




• Provide hands-on experience with the procedures to be implemented

during emergency; and

• Maintain emergency preparedness.

The frequency of the drills would vary depending on the severity of the

hazard. However, drills would be conducted once in a year. Scenarios may be

developed in such a manner as to accomplish more than one event objective.

Drills and exercises will be conducted as realistically as is reasonably

practicable.

Planning for drills and exercises would include:

• The basic objectives,

• The dates, times and places,

• The participating organizations,

• The events to be simulated,

• An approximate schedule of events,

• Arrangements for qualified observers, and

• An appropriate critique of drills/exercises with participants.

Evaluation of drills and exercises would be carried out which would include

comments from the participants and observers. Discrepancies noted by the

drill observers during the drill shall be pointed out during the drill.

The individual responsible for conducting the drill or exercise would prepare a

written evaluation of the drill or exercise. The evaluation would include

assessments and recommendations on:

• Areas that require immediate correction;

• Areas where additional training is needed;

• Suggested modifications to the plan or procedures; and

• Deficiencies in equipment, training, and facilities.

The evaluation of a drill or exercise shall be submitted to the terminal

manager for review and acceptance who shall then determine the corrective

actions to be taken and assign the responsibility to appropriate personnel.




The Safety In-charge would track all approved drill and exercise corrective

actions as a means of assuring that corrections are made in a reasonable

amount of time, and shall advise the Terminal Manager of the status of

implementation of corrective actions.

Records of drills, exercises, evaluations, and corrective actions would be duly

maintained.

7.7 Updating of Emergency Plan

The Guwahati Airport Emergency Plan and implementing procedures would

be reviewed and updated to ensure compliance with relevant regulations and

applicable state and local emergency plans.

The need for updating is based on following aspects:

• Written evaluations of mock drills exercises which identify deficiencies or

more desirable methods, procedures, or organizations;

• Changes in key personnel involved in the organization;

• Changes in the facility organization structure;

• Changes in regulations;

• Recommendations received from other organizations and state agencies.


India Project Benefits


CHAPTER- 8

PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 General

The existing terminal building has saturated. In view of the future traffic growth

at Guwahati Airport, there is a requirement of construction of new integrated

terminal building on turn key basis. Increasing numbers of passengers and

aircraft require capacity enhancement of existing facilities including terminal

building, apron, link taxiway etc at Guwahati Airport.

8.2 Direct and Indirect Benefits

The direct and indirect benefits of the new terminal building and associated

facilities at Guwahati Airport are as follows:

Direct Benefits

� Batter infrastructure facilities passenger at new terminal building.

� Decongestion at terminal building with more space and comfort.

� More parking faculties for Aircraft and safe taxiing.

� Increase in regional economy as it will boost tourism and commercial

activities in the region.

� Generation of more revenue to the state, hence more development of the

region.

� Design and construction of energy efficient new terminal building will help

in help in more than 30 % savings in electricity.

� Treated waste water from MBR based sewage treatment system will be

used for HVAC, flushing and greenbelt and landscaping.

Macro Level Benefits

� Boost in tourism and more people to travel in the state.

� Employment opportunity to people.

� More business and industrial opportunities.


India Environmental Management Plan


CHAPTER 9

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.1 Introduction

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has identified environmental impacts those

are likely to arise during construction of new integrated terminal building and associated

works at Guwahati Airport. The Chapter 4 of this report has examined both adverse and

beneficial impacts on each physical, biological and socio-economic parameters of

environment during construction and operation phases of new terminal building and

associated work at Guwahati Airport. The environmental impact assessment has

examined the extent to which these impacts would be mitigated through the adoption of

standard practices, guidelines and complying with regulatory requirements. The

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) describes both best practice measures and site

specific measures. The implementation of EMP is aimed at mitigating potential

environmental impacts associated with the construction and operation phases of

proposed during new terminal building and associated work at Guwahati Airport.

9.2 Environmental management Measures

9.2.1 Soil

Construction Phase

During the construction phase of new integrated terminal building and associated work at

Guwahati Airport, the following measures shall be adopted to minimize adverse impacts in

soil:

• To prevent the soil contamination through the leakage or spillage of fuel oil, oil

containers will be stored and handled carefully on cement lined floor,

• All metal, paper, plastic wastes, debris and cuttings shall be collected from the site

as soon as particular construction activity is over,

Operation Phase

Approx. 3100 kg/d solid waste is generated from the proposed new terminal building in

the form of paper, plastics, polyethylene bags and food waste, etc. Solid waste from the

airport is collected in waste bins.

Approx. 100 to 150 kg sludge generated from STP is used as manure for green belt

development at the airport.




The solid waste handling and disposal services will be outsourced by Airports Authority

of India to authorized agency to ensure proper disposal of solid waste generated at the

existing airport. AAI ensures that solid waste is being management as per Solid Waste

Management Rule 2016.

9.2.2 Water Quality

Construction Phase

The following mitigation measures will be adopted to avoid impacts on water quality

during construction phase:

• Efforts will be made to conserve the water;

• Appropriate sanitation facilities (septic tank) to be provided for the construction

workers to reduce impact on water quality.

• The construction wastes will be collected and disposed suitably.

• Control of spillage of fuel oil and storage of oil barrels on cemented floor.

• Waste oil generated during maintenance of construction equipment will be collected

and disposed to PCB, Assam approved waste oil recyclers for recycling and reuse.

• Runoff from fuelling area, vehicle parking areas, etc. will be passed through oil

interceptor.

Operation Phase

The following measures will be taken to protect water quality at the existing Guwahati

airport during operation phase:

• Sewage generated is collected and sent to sewage treatment plant for proper

treatment and disposal.

• Solid wastes generated at the existing Guwahati airport is collected and disposed

suitability as per standards practices.

• Waste oil generated from DG sets is collected and disposed to PCB, Assam

approved waste oil recyclers for recycling and reuse.

I. Sewage (Waste Water) Management

Sewage generated from the airport is treated in well designed Sewage Treatment Plant

(STP). Membrane Bio Reactor type sewage treatment plant of 1000 KLD capacity will be

installed at the Guwahati airport.




Design parameters for the STP are given below:

Sl. Parameters Before Treatment After Treatment

1. pH 7.5 - 8.5 6.0 - 8.5

2. BOD 250-450 mg/l Less than 10 mg/l

3. Suspended Solids 250-400 mg/l Less than 10 mg/l

4. COD 600-800 mg/l Less than 30 mg/l

5. Oil & Grease 50-100 mg/l Less than 10 mg/l

II. Process Description of MBR based STP

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is the combination of a membrane process like

microfiltration or ultrafiltration with a biological wastewater treatment process, the

activated sludge process. Schematic diagram for membrane bioreactor tpe STP is

shown in Figure 9.1.

Coarse Screening: Wastewater from new integrated terminal building will flow by

gravity to the STP. Solids of size larger than 20 mm will be screened out by the

automatic raked coarse screens installed upstream of the equalization tank. The coarse

screening is designed to protect the downstream mechanical equipment in the

equalization tank.

Equalization Tank: The equalization tank is designed to smooth out peak flow and meet

the design flow for two hours. Aeration will be carried out by air supply through diffusers

and blower.

Fine Screening: The equalized wastewater will be then further screened by the

automatic fine screens. Solids of size over 2 mm will be screened out prior to the anoxic

tank. The fine screening is designed to protect the downstream membrane module and

aeration equipment.

Anoxic Tank: Screened wastewater flows to the anoxic tank and is mixed with the

nitrate recycled from MBR tank and pre-aeration tank for denitrification. The design

denitrification rate is 0.02 kg-N/kg-MLSS/d at 18℃.

Membrane Bioreactor: Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS) from the anoxic tank is

evenly distributed to two MBR tanks in which biological oxidation and nitrification takes

place. Each MBR tank contains sets of fully submerged flat sheet type membrane

modules and each membrane module will have 200 nos. of membrane panels. The




membrane modules comprises two sections – the top section containing membrane

cartridges fixed into a stainless steel housing constructed with the lower section

containing coarse bubble diffusers. The bubbles released by the lower diffuser section

generate an upward sludge bubble flow over the membrane surface at a velocity of

approximately 0.5 m/s. This bubble flow is able to minimize fouling and allow low

pressure suction filtration of the treated effluent into the inner compartment of membrane

cartridge and thence to the collecting manifold. The membrane nominal (maximum) and

average pore sizes are approximate 0.4 microns and 0.2 microns respectively. The MBR

tank performs both functions of aerobic treatment and solids / liquid separation. The

complete MBR system will be able to operate at high MLSS concentration in the range

6,000 - 20,000 mg/L, low sludge production rate due to long sludge age and strong

resistance to shock pollutant loads. The micro-filtration performance of the flat sheet

type membrane also produces permeate to disinfected quality. As discussed above, the

denitrification is performed in a separate anoxic compartment. Sludge is drawn off at a

constant volume rate to maintain the MLSS at the optimum level according to the

operational needs Design flux rates of 0.35 and 1.2 m3 /m2 /d are used for sizing the

average flow and design peak flow of the MBR system respectively.

Tertiary Treatment : Treated waste water from pre collection tank will be passed

through pressure sand filter and activated carbon filters.

Disinfection: In order to ensure pathogen-free for the recycled water, chlorination using

sodium hypochlorite will be adopted for disinfection followed by the de-chlorination.




9.2.3 Solid Waste Management

Construction Phase

During the construction phase, following measures shall be taken for solid waste

management:

• All metal, wooden, paper, plastic wastes, debris and metal cuttings shall be collected

from site as soon as particular construction activity is over and disposed in suitable

manner.

• Municipal waste generated will be collected and disposed in environmentally sound

manner.

Operation Phase

The following mitigation measures will be taken for management of solid waste during

operation phase of at the new integrated terminal building and associated works.

• Solid wastes management at the new integrated terminal building will be carried out

as per Solid Wastes Management Rules, 2000.

Figure 9.1: Schematic Diagram for Membrane Bioreactor Type STP




• Solid wastes will be collected in designated waste bins based on their types, placed

at the strategic locations in the airport.

Approx. 3100 kg/d solid waste will be generated from new integrated terminal building.

The solid waste handling and disposal services will be outsourced to authorized agency

to ensure disposal of solid waste generated from the Guwahati airport. Solid waste

generated in the aircrafts will also be disposed off at the designated waste collection

points from where the agency will pick up the garbage bags.

The authorised agency, collect the garbage from designated bins at the new integrated

terminal building. The wet garbage of the aircrafts comprising of left over food in the tray

from the security gates of flight kitchens is also disposed off at the specified place.

The collected garbage will be transported in covered container and is arranged to

dispose off after segregation of recyclable wastes as per provisions of Solid Wastes

Management Rule 2016. After collection of garbage, garbage bins will be disinfected

every day by sprinkling disinfectant powder by the agency. Weekly washing of garbage

bins will also be carried out by this agency.

After collection of waste, solid waste management plan will be followed by authorized

agency is as given below:

• Segregation of recyclable and non recyclable wastes.

• Disposal of recyclable wastes for recycling.

• Composting of biodegradable organic of wastes for captive use.

• Disposal of segregated wastes to common municipal waste landfill site.

9.2.4 Air Quality

Construction Phase

During the construction phase, only marginal deterioration of ambient air quality is

expected at the construction site due to operation of construction equipment and

machinery, dust emissions from loading and unloading of raw materials, cement and

soils, dust emissions from the batch plant, fugitive emissions from vehicle movement,

etc. However, this deterioration will be temporary in the nature during construction

phase. The following measures will be adopted during construction phase to mitigate the

impact on ambient air quality:




• Installation of batch mix plant at isolated place and providing cover shed around the

plant,

• Providing dust suppression system in loading and unloading area,

• Pollution Under Control Certificate will be mandatory for all vehicles approaching to

the site. Any vehicle not meeting the vehicular pollution standards will not be allowed

within the construction site and for the construction activity;

Operation Phase

Major pollutants from the new integrated terminal building operation will be from aircrafts

exhaust, vehicular traffic as ground support, pickup and dropping at the existing

Guwahati Airport and from DG sets. The major pollutants will be mainly Nitrogen di-oxide

and Carbon monoxide besides particulates and sulphur di-oxide. The baseline ambient

air quality levels in the project area will be within the permissible limits as specified as

National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The following methods of abatement of pollution

will be employed for the air pollution control at the source level during operation phase of

the new integrated terminal building:

� Shut down combustion engines when not in use,

� Single engine taxing and reduced taxing is effective in reducing emissions of HC and

CO from aircrafts,

� 30 m height of the stack for DG sets will be provided for proper dispersion exhaust

gases into the atmosphere,

� Multilevel car parking facilities and traffic flow to avoid traffic congestion, and

� Providing suitable green belt to reduce the impact of air pollution.

9.2.5 Noise Levels

Construction Phase

During the construction phase, noise will be generated through the operation of

construction machines, excavators and DG sets. The following measures will be taken

into consideration to mitigate the noise at the construction site:

• Provision of silencers on the construction machineries,

• Noise standards will be strictly enforced for vehicles, equipment, and construction

machineries, etc ,

• All construction equipment used for an 8-hour shift will conform to a standard of less

than 75 dB (A).




• Vehicles and construction equipment with internal combustion engines without

proper silencer will not be allowed to operate at the construction site.

• If required, machinery producing high noise, such as concrete mixers, generators

etc, shall be provided with noise shields and their usage timings can be regulated,

• Shock absorbing techniques will be adopted to reduce vibration and noise.

• Machinery and vehicles will be maintained regularly, with particular attention to

silencers and mufflers, to keep construction noise levels to minimum.

• Workers in the vicinity of high noise levels shall wear earplugs, helmets and be

engaged in diversified activities to prevent prolonged exposure to noise levels of

more than 90 dB(A) per 8-hour shift.

Operation Phase

All the DG sets rooms will be provided with acoustic treatment to control the noise levels

and new DG sets will also be fitted with acoustic enclosures to control the noise levels.

Terminal building will be sound proof. Further, greenery will be developed at the

integrated new terminal building, which will work as noise barrier.

9.2.6 Vehicle Parking and Traffic Management

The passenger capacity of proposed new terminal building will be designed for 2900

domestic (including 200 International) at one point of time. The multilevels car parking

facility will be provided for at least 1500 cars and 10 buses.

9.2.7 Measures to Encourage Reduction in Carbon Foot Print

The proposed new integrated terminal building will be certified under Green Rating for

Integrated habitat Assessment (GRIHA). GRIHA measures which will be considered in

the design and consideration of the project to achieve the 4 star rating under GRIHA V-

2015 are discussed below with various sustainability measures under the following

categories:

a) Architecture measures

b) Landscape measures

c) Structural measures

d) HVAC & Electrical measures

e) Plumbing measures

f) Construction measures




Codes & Guidelines

The following codes & guidelines shall be considered for the design of the project for

GRIHA compliance

• Green Rating for Integrated habitat Assessment (GRIHA) rating system V-2015

• Energy Conservation Building Code 2007 (ECBC)

• ASHRAE 90.1-2010

• ASHRAE 62.1-2010

• National Building Code

GRIHA Design Consideration

Site Planning

a) Passive design strategies such as shading device, overhangs, vertical fins etc.

shall be considered to control heat gain through envelope and maximise day light

penetration.

b) Preservation of existing vegetation / water bodies / other topographical features if

applicable.

c) Strategies like Vegetation will be adopted in reduction of heat islands at

microclimate level.

d) Solar photovoltaics in roof areas as passive measure to heat gain reduction.

e) A minimum of 25% of the site area shall be designed with soft paved and/or

covered with SRI coating > 0.5 and/or shaded by vegetation/solar panels and/or

any combination of these strategies.

f) The net imperviousness factor of site shall designed to meet GRIHA requirement

to make post-construction storm water discharge from the site is zero.

g) Internal zoning will be done to provide buffer to conditioned spaces for

unfavourable orientations.

h) Massing of the buildings will ensure that the solar access of neighboring

buildings is not blocked if applicable.

East - West Façades for New Terminal Building are shown in Figure 9.2.




South & North Façades for New Terminal Building are shown in Figure 9.3.

Figure 9.2: East West Façade for New Terminal Building

Figure 9.3: South & North Façade for New Terminal Building




Low Impact Design – Passive Design Features are given in Figure 9.4.

Based on wind direction consideration for selected new integrated terminal building

orientation is shown in Figure 9.5.

Figure 9.4: Low Impact Design – Passive Design Feature




Construction Management

a) Top soil shall be preserved at site and shall be re-used later for landscaping

purpose.

b) No existing mature trees will be cut on site to the extent possible or mature trees

will be transplanted within the site and the survival shall be ensured or 3 trees will

be planted for every 1 tree cut of the same native/naturalized species or any

combination of these for all mature trees on site.

c) Following measures shall be adopted on site to curb air pollution during

construction:

• Provision of 3 meter high barricading around the construction area.

• Wheel washing facility at the vehicular entrance of the site.

• Covering of fine aggregate and excavated earth on site with plastic/ geotextile

sheets.

• Provision of stabilized construction entrances, exits and vehicular path

Figure 9.5: Wind Direction Consideration for Selected Building Orientation




d) A spill prevention plan (to control effects of spill from hazardous materials like

bitumen, diesel etc.) shall be developed and implemented at site.

e) Measures will be implemented to prevent/reduce soil movement outside the site.

f) Staging shall be adopted during construction on site.

g) A construction waste management plan for segregation of construction waste, its

safe storage and on-site/off-site recycling shall be developed and implemented in

the project.

h) Strategies to reduce water use during construction shall be adopted.

Energy

a) The thermal properties of envelope (wall, glazing), skylight & roof shall not

exceed the maximum allowable with respect to GRIHA and ECBC.

b) Refrigerant used in HVAC system shall be CFC free.

c) Equipment efficiencies shall be designed to meet & exceed GRIHA & ECBC

requirements.

d) Innovative & practical energy efficient HVAC & Electrical design solutions, such

as displacement ventilation systems, dedicated outdoor air systems, chilled water

plant with high COP, adequate daylight to reduce internal lighting load, LED

luminaries etc shall be adopted

e) 100% of outdoor lighting fixtures shall meet the luminous efficacy requirements

with respect to GRIHA.

f) Interior lighting power budget shall be designed to meet and exceed GRIHA

requirements.

g) If there are ceiling fans required, they shall be minimum BEE 4 Star rated.

h) On-site renewable energy such as photo voltaic shall be designed to offset 1 to

10% of buildings internal artificial lighting and HVAC systems energy

consumption subject to feasibility.

i) Insulation in building shall be CFC and HCFC free.

Occupant Comfort & Well-being

a) Window to wall ratio of the façade shall be in compliance to GRIHA & ECBC and

the glazing SHGC values shall exceed the minimum performance with respect to

GRIHA & ECBC through passive shades and high performance glass.

i) Adequate daylighting provision will be considered by means of skylight / windows

and the daylighting illuminance level shall meet the minimum illumination levels

(LUX) prescribed in GRIHA & ECBC.




j) Acoustic measures shall be considered to meet acceptable indoor noise levels

with respect to GRIHA requirements.

b) Fire suppression systems & fire extinguishers shall be Halon free.

c) The HVAC design shall be in compliance with Thermal Comfort requirement

stipulated in GRIHA.

d) Acoustic measure shall be considered for the HVAC equipment’s to meet the

acceptable indoor noise level with respect to GRIHA.

e) Indoor ventilation requirement shall meet the minimum requirement with respect

to ASHRAE 62.1-2010.

f) Sensors shall be designed to monitor CO2, temperature and RH at occupied

spaces or at AHU’s.

g) All interior paints and coatings shall be low-VOC with respect GRIHA and lead-

free.

h) All adhesives and sealants used shall be low-VOC with respect to GRIHA & the

interior composite wood-products shall not use urea-formaldehyde as a bonding

resin.

Water

a) An estimated 30% reduction in landscaping water demand in comparison with

GRIHA base case shall be arrived using native species/drought tolerant species.

b) Potable water shall conform to BIS standards.

c) Sewage treatment plant shall confirm to Central Pollution Control Board norms.

d) 100% of the treated water shall be reused on site for irrigation/toilet flushing &

cooling tower make-up water.

e) Rain water harvesting shall be implemented for reusing in irrigation & recharging

surplus storm water.

f) High efficient water fixtures shall be used and the flush & flow rates shall be at

least 30 to 50% less than GRIHA baseline.

Sustainable Building Materials

a) Minimum 15% of Ordinary Portland Cement shall be replaced with fly ash by

weight of cement used in structural concrete.

b) Minimum 15% of Ordinary Portland Cement shall be replaced with fly ash in

plaster/masonry mortar.

c) Combined embodied energy of load-bearing structure and masonry walls shall be

reduced by at least 10% below the base case.




d) At least 50% of all materials (calculated by surface area) used for building

interiors shall meet the GRIHA criterion low-impact material requirements.

The efficient construction Materials and Design for new integrated terminal building is

shown in Figure 9.6.

Solid Waste Management

a) Adequate spaces will be designed for waste management (multi-coloured waste

bins, recycle bins etc.).

b) Organic waste shall be treated on site and the generated resource shall be

reused.

Figure 9.6: Energy Efficient Construction Materials and Design




Socio-Economic Strategies

a) Universal design strategies will be considered and meet the minimum

requirement for physically challenged with respect to GRIHA.

b) The project will ensure to comply with the NBC (2005) safety norms for providing

the necessary safety equipment and measures for construction workers.

c) Provisions for drinking water, hygienic working & living conditions and sanitation

facilities shall be provided for the workers. Crèche facility for children of

construction workers shall also be planned.

d) Measures to create environmental awareness in Architecture, Interior and

Landscape design shall be implemented.

e) Dedicated facilities will be provided for the service staff.

Performance Monitoring & Validation

a) Digital energy meters shall be provided for all major energy end-uses.

b) Water metering shall be provided for all major water use.

c) O&M protocol shall be prepared as a minimum for the following:

• HVAC plant - AHU, Cooling tower, Chillers and pumps, VRF

• Electrical - Transformer, DG, HT & LT panels

• Energy Systems - Solar PV, wind mill, bio gasifier etc.

• STP and/or WTP

Energy Conservation Measures for Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP)

During design and construction of new terminal building at the Guwahati airport

necessary measures will be taken for conservation of energy in line with “Energy

Conservation Building Code –2017” and “National Building Code 2016”. The important

energy conservation measures proposed for new terminal building are described below:

The following Green Features / Innovative Technologies shall be adopted:

• Centralized Chilled water system having water cooled centrifugal chilling machines at 11 KV to reduce the voltage drop and cable sizes.

• Variable chilled water pumping system, Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) for AHUs and Cooling Tower fans.




• Displacement diffusers to through the chilled air at lower height to reduce the air conditioning load, wherever feasible.

• Outside Air regulation based upon the carbon dioxide sensors in the air conditioned space.

• Lighting design shall be LED based to reduce the energy consumption.

• Solar power generation of 540 KW on visitors and staff car parking in front of terminal building using the solar photovoltaic panels.

• Control of lighting by lux and occupancy sensors.

• Solar based external lighting with power supply back up arrangement.

• Underground rain water storage for one day of rainfall and reuse for potable use.

• Low water consumption water sanitary fixtures.

• Dual piping system for water supply system

Harnessing Solar Power at New Terminal Building

As per solar system design calculations, 9 sqm areas required to generate 1 kWp of

connected electrical load. It is proposed to install the 540 kW of solar power generation

on visitor & staff car parking. The provision of PV Panels for over car parking at New

Integrated Terminal Building as shown in Figure 9.7.

9.2.8 Landscape Plan and Green Belts in Open Spaces

Landscape and greenery will be developed at and around the new integrated terminal

building. More than 60 % of existing airport is open and grasses, trees and shrubs. At

new integrated terminal building also landscape and greenery will be developed.

Landscape and greenery plan has been shown in Figure 9.8. Only indigenous trees will

be planted as a part of green belt/plantation.

EIA for Construction of New Integrated Terminal Building at LGBI Airport, Guwahati by Airports Authority of India Environmental Management Plan


Figure 9.7: Provision of PV Panels for Over Car Parking at New Integrated Terminal Building

EIA for Construction of New Integrated Terminal Building at LGBI Airport, Guwahati by Airports Authority of India Environmental Management Plan


Figure 9.8: Green Plan for New Integrated Terminal Building




9.2.9 Demographic and Socio-Economic Environment

During the construction phase of the proposed new integrated terminal and associate

works, about 300 to 400 skilled, semiskilled and unskilled workers will get direct and

indirect employment opportunities, which will have beneficial impact on the socio-

economic conditions of the area.

The following suggestions are given below to strengthen the beneficial impacts:

• Local people will be given preference for employment,

• All the applicable guidelines under relevant acts and rules related to labour welfare

and safety shall be implemented during the construction work activities,

• Proper sanitary and drinking water facilities will be provided to workers living in the

construction camps within the premises of the Guwahati Airport,

• Helmets will be provided to the workers engaged in the construction activities,

• Safety belts will be provided to the workers engaged in the construction activities at

heights,

• Safety slogan and warning board about the safety will be displayed at the strategic

locations of construction areas.

Construction Camps

The mitigation measures for construction camps are as given below:

� Water supply and toilet facilities at construction camps will be provided to

the workers,

� Domestic waste generated at the construction camp will be disposed

properly.

9.2.10 Cargo Handling at Guwahati Airport

At the Guwahati airport, various types of cargo including dangerous goods (hazardous

materials), live animals, perishable, human remains, Sentimental Shipments, explosive,

solid, petroleum products, etc are handled according to IATA regulations and guidelines.




9.2.10.1Acceptance of Cargo

The Guwahati airport has the authorization for transport of passengers and freight,

revenue and non-revenue cargo, as well as air mail and service cargo. All cargo are

physical checked or x-ray before acceptance.

Personal Effects

For booking, unaccompanied baggage, copy of Copy of Airway bill, Passenger's

passport/ID, Baggage Declaration Form (BDF) is ensured.

Sentimental Shipments

For carriage of sentimental cargo, Death Certificate from a competent medical authority,

embalming and packaging Certificate, certificate issued by Embassy (Nationality of

deceased) with the deceased’s full name, age at the time of death, place of death and

photocopy of passport details, Photocopy of cancelled passport, police certificate are

ensured.

Odd-Sized Cargo

Odd sized cargo or heavy cargo to carry, there is expertise in logistics to carry heavy

and odd –sized.

Dangerous Goods

Dangerous Goods such as flammable, corrosive, poisonous and radioactive substances

and varied use including medical are handled by qualified staff under Dangerous Goods

Regulations of IATA, to handle such shipments.

Valuables

In order to ensure security of valuables, container with a security locker on wide body

aircrafts. The narrow body aircrafts are also fitted with locker for valuable cargo. The

entire operation of loading and unloading are carried out under the vigilant eyes of our

Security personnel.

In order to adhere to the strictest security for handling of cargo at the Guwahati airport, it

are ensured that the cargo is loaded on the flight after physical check or x-ray.




Couriers

Courier traffic is a rapidly growing market. Guwahati airport has facility for transporting

small packages and documents.

Perishable Goods Cargo

Perishable goods are such, whose conditions or suitability for its original or prime

purpose may deteriorate below its useable condition if exposed to undue changes in

temperature and humidity or delayed in transportation (e.g. fresh fruit and vegetables,

flowers, meat and fish shipments, vaccines, medical supplies etc.).

9.2.10.2Cargo Manifesting

The manifest contains all packages that are loaded into an aeroplane. Manifests are

differentiated according to the type of transfer of the cargo at the station:

● Cargo Manifest

● Transfer Manifest

● NIL Manifest

The manifest is used for handling air cargo, with the exception of airmail, and is a

necessary working paper for cargo accounting. Cargo is manifested in the IT systems or

manually.

9.2.10.3 Dangerous Goods

Dangerous Goods are divided into nine different hazard classes. Some hazard classes

are further subdivided into hazard divisions due to the wide scope of the class.

Class 1 Explosives

Class 2 Gas

Class 3 Flammable Liquid

Class 4 Flammable Solids; Substances liable to Spontaneous Combustion; Substances

which, in contact with Water, emit Flammable Gases

Class 5 Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides

Class 6 Toxic (poisonous) and Infectious Substances

Class 7 Radioactive Material

Class 8 Corrosives

Class 9 Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods




Hazard Labels

The label identifying the primary hazard of the dangerous goods must bear the class or

division number as appropriate in the bottom corner of the label.

Handling Advice for Dangerous Goods

The handling advice for dangerous goods must include:

- date and flight number of shipment

- number of Air Waybill (AWB)

- proper shipping name and ID number

- number of pieces and net weights

- for operations with a containerized aircraft, type and number of ULD

- drill code

- special handling, if required

Incompatibility of Dangerous Goods Packages containing dangerous goods which might react dangerously with each other or

are harmful to other non-dangerous goods must not be stowed on an aircraft next to

each other or in a position that would allow interaction between them in the event of

leakage.

9.2.10.4 Handling of Toxic (RPB) and Infectious Substances (RIS)

Toxic (RPB) and Infectious Substances requiring a subsidiary risk "TOXIC" label must

not be stowed in the same compartment with animals, substances marked or known to

be foodstuffs, feed or other edible goods intended for consumption by humans or

animals.

This does not apply if either the toxic or infectious substances and the foodstuffs or

animals are loaded in separate ULDs, not adjacent to each other (minimum distance: 1

loading position).

Emergency Procedures for Incidents/Accidents with Dangerous Goods

• don't panic

• advise immediate supervisor

• isolate the package by removing other packages or property

• avoid contact with the contents of the package

• if contents come in contact with body or clothes:




- thoroughly wash off body with plenty of water;

- remove contaminated clothes;

- do not eat or smoke;

- keep hands away from eyes, mouth and nose;

- apply for medical assistance

• staff involved in such incidents should stay on site until their names are noted

• avoid handling of a damaged package containing infectious substances or keep

handling to a minimum and inform the appropriate public health authority or

veterinary authority, and provide information on any other countries of transit where

persons may have been exposed to danger and notify the consignee.

• access to a damaged package containing radioactive material must be restricted and

a qualified person must, as soon as possible, assess the extent of contamination and

the resultant radiation level of the package. The scope of the survey must also

include the aircraft, aircraft equipment and all other material which has been carried

on the aircraft.

9.2.10.5 Perishable Cargo

Due to individual procedures being applicable for different perishable goods, the

following different load information codes are used:

• Foodstuffs - food for human or animal consumption (EAT)

• Hatching eggs (HEG)

• Live human organs (LHO)

• Flowers/plants (PEF)

• Meat (PEM) and seafood/fish (PES) shall be handled as WET

• Fruits and vegetables (PEP)

• All perishable goods other than flowers, meat, seafood or fish (PER)

Perishable cargo requiring special attention during flight, e.g. recommended

temperatures and/or ventilation, shall be entered in the remarks box of the Load and

Trimsheet. In case of thermographs (shipper owned) being used in temperature

sensitive loads, the cargo department shall inform the aircraft handling department

accordingly, a respective remark for enroute transit, and destination stations shall be

entered in LDM, ALI or CPM, showing the code "TMG" and loading position.

Loading - Perishable cargo shall be accepted for carriage only if properly packed in

order to avoid damage and/or contamination to other loads, ULDs or compartments.

Pallets with flowers, fruit or vegetables must not be covered with plastic foils -

Perishable cargo, refrigerated with wet ice or containing fluids or moisture which could




leak (e.g. meat, fish or other sea foods - fresh, salted, smoked or frozen) shall be treated

as "Wet Cargo". Perishable cargo, refrigerated with dry ice (ICE) shall be handled

according to the respective regulations. Care shall be taken when stacking perishable

items so that lower layers of the stack are not damaged by the weight of the upper

layers.

Foodstuffs (EAT) Foodstuffs shall not be loaded together with poisons (RPB) or infectious substances

(RIS) in the same compartment, unless they are loaded in separate ULDs not adjacent

to each other. Foodstuffs shall not be loaded in close proximity of live animals (AVI) and

human remains (HUM).

Hatching Eggs (HEG) Hatching eggs shall not be stowed in close proximity of dry ice (ICE) and cryogenic

liquids (RCL). The temperature in the compartment should remain between 10°C and

15°C during flight and should not exceed 27°C.

9.2.10.6 Disposal of Unclaimed or Leaked Cargo

Unclaimed or leaked Cargo will be disposed as per applicable environmental

regulations.

9.2.11 Fire Protection Measures

At the new terminal building, the following fire fighting facilities will be provided:

• Fire Alarm and Detection System

• Fire Fighting and Sprinkler System

•

At the new terminal building, the necessary fire fighting systems will be available as per

statutory requirements.

9.3 Environmental Management Plan

The Airports Authority of India (AAI) will be responsible for the implementation of

mitigation measures suggested in EMP for construction and operation phases for new

integrated terminal building and associated works. Environmental Management Plan for

new integrated terminal building the at Guwahati Airport is presented in Table 9.1.




9.3.1 Environmental Management Cell (EMC)

An Environmental Management Cell (EMC) will be headed by Assistant General

Manager supported by adequate number of personnel having sufficient educational and

professional qualification and experience to discharge responsibilities related to

environmental management including statutory compliance, pollution prevention,

environmental monitoring, preventive maintenance of pollution control equipment and

green belt development & maintenance. Organogram for Environmental Management

Cell is given Figure 9.9.

Environmental Management cell will implement and review the compliance of the

stipulated conditions specified in Environmental Clearance and Consent for

Establish/Consent to Operate.

9.3.2 Training

The environmental management cell of AAI would responsible for the implementation of

mitigation measures described in the EMP. Personnel working at the site need to be

trained for the effective implementation of the environmental issues. To ensure the

success of the implementation of mitigation measures, there is a high requirement of

training and skill up-gradation of personnel.

As part of the construction and operation, training programs have been worked out for

capacity building needs of the personnel. The program consists of number of training

modules specific to target groups. The training would cover the basic principles and

postulates of environmental assessment.


Environmental Management Plan

ABC Techno Labs India Pvt. Ltd 9-27

Table 9.1 : Environmental Management Plan for New Integrated Terminal Building at Guwahati Airport

Responsibility S. No.

Environmental Aspect/Issue

Management Measures

Construction

Agency

Supervision/

Monitoring

I. Construction Stage

Activities to be carried out by the Contractor.

C.1 Site Clearance

C.1.1 Filling by Earth For construction of new integrated terminal building at

Guwahati Airport, 5 m deep basement covering an

area 7500 sqm will be constructed. For construction of

the proposed facilities at the Guwahati Airport,

tentatively 100000 cum filling will be required. Approx

50000 cum earth excavated from construction of 7500

sqm size basement will be used filling at airport site.

Additional earth will be procured from approved

quarry. Simultaneous to filling compaction and water

sprinkling will be carried to suppress dust emissions.

Contractor EMC of AAI

C.1.3 Construction Wastes

Disposal

The pre-identified disposal locations will be a part of

comprehensive waste disposal and solid waste

management plan to be prepared by the Contractor in

consultation AAI.

Contractor will ensure that any spoils of material

unsuitable for fill will not be disposed off near any

water course, agricultural land, and natural habitat like

grass lands or pastures.

All waste materials will be completely disposed and

the site will be fully cleaned and certified by

Environmental Expert of AAI.







Management Measures

Construction

Agency

Supervision/

Monitoring

C.1.4

Stripping, stocking

and preservation of

top soil

The top soil from all areas to be permanently covered

will be stripped to a specified depth of 150 mm and

stored in stockpiles. A portion of the area at the airport

will be earmarked for storing topsoil. The locations for

stock piling will be pre-identified in consultation and

with approval of Environmental Expert of AAI. The

following precautionary measures will be taken to

preserve them till they are used:

(a) Stockpile will be designed such that the slope

does not exceed 1:2 (vertical to horizontal), and height

of the pile is restricted to 2 m. To retain soil and to

allow percolation of water, the edges of the pile will be

protected by silt fencing.

(b) Stockpiles will not be surcharged or otherwise

loaded and multiple handling will be kept to a

minimum to ensure that no compaction will occur. The

stockpiles shall be covered with gunny bags or

vegetation.

(c) It will be ensured by the contractor that the top soil

will not be unnecessarily trafficked either before

stripping or when in stockpiles.

Such stockpiled topsoil will be utilized for covering all

disturbed areas including borrow areas top dressing

or filling up of plantation and landscaping area.


C.1.5 Accessibility

The contractor will take care that vehicles brining man

and materials approaching to the site is not disturbing

local road and public access.


C.2 Procurement of Construction Materials






Management Measures

Construction

Agency

Supervision/

Monitoring

C.2.1 Earth for Construction

Filling

During dry seasons frequency of water sprinkling will

be increased in the settlement areas and

Environmental Expert of AAI will decide the numbers

of sprinkling depending on the local requirements.

Contractor will rehabilitate the borrow areas as soon

as borrowing is over from a particular borrow area in

accordance with the Guidelines for Redevelopment of

Borrow Areas.


C.2.2 Quarry Operations

The contractor shall procure materials from approved

quarries by the Department of Geology Mining and

District Administration and having valid consent of

operated from PCB, Assam and environmental

clearance from DEIAA.


C.2.3

Transporting

Construction

Materials and Haul

Road Management

Contractor will maintain all roads, which are used for

transporting construction materials, equipment and

machineries as précised. All vehicles delivering fine

materials to the site will be covered to avoid spillage

of materials.

All existing roads used by vehicles of the contractor or

any of his sub-contractor or suppliers of materials, will

be kept clear of all dust/mud or other extraneous

materials dropped by such vehicles.

Contractor will arrange for regular water sprinkling as

necessary for dust suppression of all such surfaces.

The unloading of materials at construction site in/close







Management Measures

Construction

Agency

Supervision/

Monitoring

to settlements will be restricted to daytime only.

C.2.4 Construction Water

The contractor will source the requirement of water

preferentially from ground water from existing bore

well. A copy of the permission will be submitted to AAI

prior to initiation of construction.

The contractor will take all precaution to minimize the

wastage of water in the construction phase of the

airport.


C.3 Construction Work

C.3.1 Drainage and Flood

Control

Contractor will ensure that no construction materials

like earth, stone, or appendage disposed off so as not

to block the flow of water in natural and cross

drainage channels.

There is provision of construction of culvert over the

natural drain passing through alignment of extension

of runway.


C.4 Pollution

C.4.1 Water Pollution

C.4.1.1 Water Pollution from

Construction Wastes

The Contractor will take all precautionary measures to

prevent the wastewater generated during construction

from entering into streams or water bodies.

All waste arising from the airport site will be disposed

off in the manner that is acceptable to the Pollution

Control Board, Assam (PCB, Assam).


C.4.1.2 Water Pollution from The contractor will ensure that all construction vehicle Contractor EMC of AAI






Management Measures

Construction

Agency

Supervision/

Monitoring

Fuel and Lubricants parking location, fuel/lubricants storage sites, vehicle,

machinery and equipment maintenance and refuelling

sites will be located as per approved construction site

layout plan.

Contractor will ensure that all vehicle/machinery and

equipment operation, maintenance and refuelling will

be carried out in such a fashion that spillage of fuels

and lubricants does not contaminate the ground. Oil

interceptors will be provided for vehicle parking, wash

down and refuelling areas as per the design provided.

Contractor will arrange for collection, storing and

disposal of oily wastes to the pre-identified disposal

sites. All spills and collected petroleum products will

be disposed off in accordance with MoEF&CC and

PCB, Assam guidelines.

C.4.2 Air Pollution

C.4.2.1 Dust Pollution

The contractor will take every precaution to reduce the

level of dust from construction sites involving

earthwork by sprinkling of water, encapsulation of dust

source and by erection of screen/barriers.

Alternatively, only crushers licensed by the PCB,

Assam shall be used to procure materials.


C.4.2.2

Emission from

Construction

Vehicles, Equipment

and Machineries

Contractor will ensure that all vehicles, equipment and

machinery used for construction are regularly

maintained and confirm that pollution emissions levels

comply with the relevant requirements.







Management Measures

Construction

Agency

Supervision/

Monitoring

The Contractor will submit PUC certificates for all

vehicles/equipment/machinery used for the project.

Monitoring results will also be submitted to AAI as per

the monitoring plan.

C.4.3 Noise Pollution

C.4.3.1

Noise Pollution: Noise

from Vehicles, Plants

and Equipments

The contractor will confirm the following:

• All plants and equipment used in construction

shall strictly conform to the

MoEF&CC/CPCB/PCB, Assam noise standards.

• All vehicles and equipment used in construction

will be fitted with exhaust silencers.

• Servicing of all construction vehicles and

machinery will be done regularly and during

routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of

exhaust silencers will be checked and if found

defective will be replaced.

• Limits for construction equipment used in the

project such as compactors, rollers, front loaders,

concrete mixers, cranes (moveable), vibrators and

saws shall not exceed 75 dB (A) (measured at one

meter from the edge of equipment in the free

field), as specified in the Environment (Protection)

rules, 1986.

• Monitoring shall be carried out at the construction

sites as per the monitoring schedule and results

will be submitted AAI.







Management Measures

Construction

Agency

Supervision/

Monitoring

C.5 Safety

C.5.1 Personal Safety

Measures for Labour

The contractor will provide:

• Protective footwear and protective goggles to all

workers employed on mixing asphalt materials,

cement, concrete etc.

• Welder's protective eye-shields to workers who

are engaged in welding works

• Earplugs to workers exposed to loud noise, and

workers working in crushing, compaction, or

concrete mixing operation.

• Adequate safety measures for workers during

handling of materials at site will be taken up.

• The contractor will comply with all regulations

regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working

platforms, stairwells, excavations, trenches and

safe means of entry and egress.

• The contractor will make sure that during the

construction work all relevant provisions of the

Building and other Construction Workers

(regulation of Employment and Conditions of

Services) Act, 1996 are adhered to.

• The Contractor will mark ‘hard hat’ and ‘no

smoking’ and other ‘high risk’ areas and enforce

non-compliance of use of PPE with zero tolerance.


C.5.3 Risk from Electrical

Equipment(s)

The contractor will take all required precautions to

prevent danger from electrical equipment and ensure

that:







Management Measures

Construction

Agency

Supervision/

Monitoring

• No material will be so stacked or placed as to

cause danger or inconvenience to any person or

the public.

• All necessary fencing and lights will be provided to

protect the public in construction zones.

• All machines to be used in the construction will

conform to the relevant Indian Standards (IS)

codes, will be free from patent defect, will be kept in

good working order, will be regularly inspected and

properly maintained as per IS provision.

C.5.4 Risk Force Measure

The contractor will take all reasonable precautions to

prevent danger to the workers and public from fire,

etc. resulting due to construction activities.

The contractor will make required arrangements so

that in case of any mishap all necessary steps can be

taken for prompt first aid treatment. Construction

Safety Plan prepared by the Contractor will identify

necessary actions in the event of an emergency.


C.5.5 First Aid

The contractor will arrange for :

• a readily available first aid unit including an

adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials

and appliances as per the Factories Rules in

every work zone

• availability of suitable transport at all times to take

injured or sick person(s) to the nearest hospital

• Equipment and trained nursing staff at







Management Measures

Construction

Agency

Supervision/

Monitoring

construction camp.

C.5.6 Informatory Signs and

Hoardings

The contractor will provide, erect and maintain

informatory/safety signs, hoardings written in English

and Assamese language, wherever required at the

construction site.


C.6 Archaeological Property

C.6.1

Chance Found

Archaeological

Property

All fossils, coins, articles of value of antiquity,

structures and other remains or things of geological or

archaeological interest discovered on the site shall be

the property of the Government and shall be dealt with

as per provisions of the relevant legislation.

The contractor will take reasonable precautions to

prevent his workmen or any other persons from

removing and damaging any such article or thing. He

will, immediately upon discovery thereof and before

removal acquaint the Environmental Expert of AAI of

such discovery and carry out the instructions for

dealing with the same, waiting which all work shall be

stopped.

The AAI will seek direction from the Archaeological

Survey of India (ASI) before instructing the Contractor

to recommence the work in the site.


C.7 Labor Camp Management

C.7.1 Accommodation

Contractor will follow all relevant provisions of the

Building and the other Construction Workers

(Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service)







Management Measures

Construction

Agency

Supervision/

Monitoring

Act, 1996 for construction and maintenance of labour

camp.

The contractor will maintain necessary living

accommodation and ancillary facilities in functional

and hygienic manner at the construction site.

C.7.2 Potable Water

The contractor will construct and maintain labour

accommodation in such a fashion that

uncontaminated water is available for drinking,

cooking and washing.

The Contractor will also provide potable water

facilities within the precincts of workplace in an

accessible place, as per standards set by the Building

and other Construction Workers (Regulation of

Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996.

The contractor will also guarantee the following:

a) Supply of sufficient quantity of potable water (as

per IS) in workplace/labour camp site at suitable

and easily accessible places and regular

maintenance of such facilities.

b) If any water storage tank is provided that will be

kept such that the bottom of the tank at least 1mt.

from the surrounding ground level.

c) Testing of water will be done every month as per

parameters prescribed in IS 10500:2012.

Environmental Expert of AAI will be required to







Management Measures

Construction

Agency

Supervision/

Monitoring

inspect the labour camp once in a week to ensure the

compliance of the EMP.

C.7.3 Sanitation and

Sewage System

The contractor will ensure that :

• the sewage system for the camp will be designed,

built and operated in such a fashion that no health

hazards occurs and no pollution to the air, ground

water or adjacent water courses take place

• separate toilets/bathrooms, wherever required,

screened from those from men (marked in

vernacular) will be to be provided for women

• adequate water supply is to be provided in all

toilets and urinals

• all toilets in workplaces will be with dry-earth

system (receptacles) which are to be cleaned and

kept in a strict sanitary condition

• night soil is to be disposed off by putting layer of it

at the bottom of a permanent tank prepared for the

purpose and covered with 15 cm. layer of waste or

refuse and then covered with a layer of earth for a

fortnight.


C.7.4 Waste Disposal

The contractor will provide garbage bins in the camps

and ensure that these are regularly emptied and

disposed off in a hygienic manner as per the Solid

Waste Management Rules 2016.


C.8 Contractor’s Demobilization

C.8.1 Clean-up Operations,

Restoration and

Contractor will prepare site restoration plan. The

clean-up and restoration operations will be Contractor EMC of AAI






Management Measures

Construction

Agency

Supervision/

Monitoring

Rehabilitation implemented by the contractor prior to demobilization.

The contractor will clear all temporary structures;

dispose all garbage, night soils and POL wastes as

per Waste Management practices.

All construction zones will be left clean and tidy, at the

contractor's expense, to the entire satisfaction to the

Environmental Expert of AAI.

II Operation Stage

O. 1 Air Pollution

Compliance of all standards prescribed by the ICAO

during operation of aircrafts by preventive

maintenance and monitoring. 30 m stack heights of

DG sets will be provided as per the CPCB guidelines.

Proper traffic management will be prepared to ensue

that there is no traffic congestion at airport. It will help

in reduction of vehicular emissions from the airport.

Vehicles at the airport will be maintained and will have

a “Pollution Under Control” certificate. Development of

greenery and landscaping at the airport will be helpful

in improving ambient air quality. Monitoring of ambient

air quality/ source emission will be carried out as per

monitoring plan.

Airport Operator EMC of AAI

O. 2 Water Pollution

Continuous efforts will be made to reduce water

consumption using less water required cisterns. Pour

flush toilets will be used at airport, which

require (much) less water. Efforts will be made to stop

wastage and leakage of water. Reused treated waste

water for greenery and landscaping at the new







Management Measures

Construction

Agency

Supervision/

Monitoring

terminal building Guwahati Airport. Collection of waste

water and treatment of waste water in MBR based

Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). Regular testing and

analysis of treated waste from STP to ensure

effectiveness of operation of STP and compliance of

discharge standards.

O. 3 Soil

Approx 3100 kg per day solid waste will be generated

from Guwahati airport, which will be collected,

segregated and handed over to external agency for

disposal as per Solid Waste Management Rule, 2016.

Municipal waste collection bins will be placed at

strategic locations in the new integrated terminal

buildings. It is ensured that agency hired for disposal

of solid wastes is disposing solid waste as per the

provisions of the Solid Waste Management Rule,

2016. Solid waste generated from the airport is

transported in close containers. Used lubricating

waste oil and oil contaminated cloths etc will be

collected separately in containers and will be sold to

authorized recyclers as per PCB, Assam guidelines.


O. 4 Noise Pollution

All standards prescribed by the ICAO during operation

of aircrafts by preventive maintenance and monitoring

will be complied. Proper traffic management plan is

prepared to ensue that there is no traffic congestion at

airport. It helps in reduction of vehicular emissions

from the airport. DG sets is provided with acoustic

enclosure as per PCB, Assam guidelines. Terminal

building is sound proof. Ground staff wears earplug

while attending the aircraft. Green belt, landscaping







Management Measures

Construction

Agency

Supervision/

Monitoring

and boundary at the airport act as barrier for noise.

Monitoring of ambient air quality/ source emission will

be carried out as per monitoring plan.

O. 5 Energy Conservation

Use of Energy Efficient building material & glass. LED

lamps will be used instead of GLS lamps. Energy

efficient HVAC system will be provided. Solar passive

techniques will be used for terminal building, star BEE

energy efficiency rating electrical equipments will be

installed at new integrated terminal building.

Microprocessor-based Building Management System

(BMS) will be installed for minimization of energy

consumption. Automatic lighting on/ off control system

will be provided in the airport area for optimum

utilization of energy.


O. 6 Terrestrial Ecology

Landscaping/ greenery will be developed at the

airport. On vacate additional land,

Landscaping/greenery will be developed.


O. 7 Traffic Management

All vehicles will be parked at designated parking area

only. Road crossings will be well marked, signaled

and informatory and warning signages will be retro

reflective type provided, clearly visible in the night.

Marshals will also deployed to guide the vehicles and

stop vehicles


O. 8 Occupational Hazards

and Safety

General Safety Measures

Electrical equipment will be grounded, well insulated

and conform to applicable codes. Employees will be

provided with hard hats, safety boots, eye and ear







Management Measures

Construction

Agency

Supervision/

Monitoring

protection and snug fitting gloves, as appropriate.

General Health Measures

Necessary control measure like ear muff and ear plug,

high visible vest with refractive tape will be provided to

ground staffs at the airport. Pre-employment and

periodic audiometric medical examinations will be

conducted for personnel potentially exposed to high

noise areas.




Looking into the potential requirements of each of the target groups, the following

training modules have been suggested for construction and operation phases as

part of the EMP.

For Construction Phase:

Module I : Environmental Overview

Module II : Environmental Regulations and Acts Relevant to Construction

Activities

Module III : Environmental Impact Assessment During Construction at Airport

Module IV : Environmental Sound Construction Management at Airport

For Operation Phase:

Module I : Airports and Environmental Issues

Module II : Environmental Regulations and Acts Relevant to Operation of

Airport

Module III : Source of Pollution at Airport

Module IV : Environmental Impact Assessment during Operation of Airport

Module V : Environmental Management Plan for Airport

Module VI : Noise Mitigation at Airports

Assistant General Manager (EMC)

Deputy Manager

(Utility)

STP Technician

Deputy Manager

(Environment)

Technician Environmental

Figure 9.9: Organogram for Environmental Management Cell




Module VII : Planning of environmentally Sustainable Operation of Airport

Module VIII : Long Term Environmental Issues in Airports Management

9.3.3 Grievance Redressal Mechanism

In order to ensure that grievances and complaints by local people on any aspect

of the environmental and social impacts during construction and operation phases

of the proposed project will be addressed in a timely and satisfactory manner and

that all possible avenues will be available to resolve their grievances (if any),

mechanisms for Grievances Redressal will be setup. Environmental Management

Cell will also work as Grievances Redressal Cell (GRC).

Any complaint received from local area regarding environmental and social

issues will be forwarded to General Manager (EMC), who will promptly take

decision and give instructions to implement necessary measures to resolve the

complaints or grievances. To ensure effectiveness of mitigation measures

monitoring will be done regularly.

9.3.4 Reporting and Monitoring System

Reporting system provides the necessary feedback for project management to

ensure quality of the work and that the programs are on schedule. The rationale

for a reporting system is based on accountability to ensure that the mitigation

measures proposed as part of the Environmental Management and Action Plan

gets implemented during construction and operation phase of the proposed

integrated terminal building.

The reporting system will operate linearly with the contractor who is at the lowest

step of the implementation system to the project management and will report to

AAI.

The monitoring and evaluation are critical activities in implementation of all

projects. Environmental monitoring involves periodic checking to ascertain

whether activities are going according to the plans. It provides necessary

feedback for management to keep the program on schedules.




For the project all reporting by the contractor will be on weekly basis. The AAI

environmental cell will be responsible for preparing targets for each of the

identified EMAP activities.

The compliance monitoring and the progress reports on environmental

components may be clubbed together and submitted to the AAI monthly during

the each phase of implementation period. At the end of implementation, monthly

progress report on environmental issues may be discontinued.

During the construction period, a compliance report may include description of

the items of EMAP, which were not complied by any of the responsible agencies.

It would also report the management and field actions taken to enforce

compliance. It may however, be noted that certain items of the EMAP might not

be possibly complied with in the field due to a variety of reasons. The intention of

the compliance report is not to suppress these issues but to bring out the

circumstances and reasons for which compliance was not possible. This would

help in rationalizing the implementation of the EMAP during the remaining

duration of implementation. Solutions for further effective implementation should

also come out as a result of the compliance monitoring reports.

Photographic records will also be established to provide useful environmental

monitoring tools. A full record will be kept as part of normal contract monitoring.

Reporting and Monitoring Systems for various stages of construction and related

activities have been proposed to ensure timely and effective implementation of

the EMAP.

The reporting by the contractor will be a monthly report like report of progress on

construction and will form basis for monitoring.

• Monitoring of facilities at construction camps

• Monitoring of air, noise, soil and water parameters

• Monitoring of survival of plantation

• Monitoring of cleaning of drains




9.4 Corporate Social Responsibility

The Corporate Social Responsibility CSR) Policy of the Airports Authority of India

(AAI) is aligned with its overall commitment to maintaining the highest standards

of business performance. The Vision of AAI is "to be a world-class organization

providing leadership in air traffic services and airport management and making a

major hub in Asia Pacific Region by 2016".

The policy has been formulated as per the Guidelines on Corporate Social

Responsibility for Central Public Sector Enterprises issued by the Department of

Public Enterprises, Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises (vide

F.No. 15(3)/2007-DPE (GM)-Gl-99 dated 9th April, 2010).

For identification of CSR activities for the area, needs assessment was made

during public consultation during the EIA studies. Details of CSR activities

proposed for Guwahati Airport are given In Table 9.2.

Table 9.2: Details of CSR Activities Proposed for Guwahati Airport

Sr. CSR Activities Budget (Rs In Lakhs )

1. RO Drinking Water Cooler Dispensers in

Schools and Community Places

2000000

2. School Furniture and Books Distribution to

BPL Families Students in Govt Schools

1000000

3. Health Camps in Villages 500000

4. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Awareness and

provide waste bins

400000

5. Toilets for Community Places 2000000

6. Skill Development Program for Women 500000

Total 6400000/-

9.5 Budget for Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan

For implementation of mitigation measures and environmental management plan

to mitigate the potential adverse impacts during the construction and post

construction phase of are summarized in Table 9.3. Total budget of Rs 5.27

Crores has been kept for implementation of environmental management plan




during construction and operation phases of new integrated terminal building and

associated facilities. The estimated budget for environmental monitoring plan is

given in Table 9.3 in Chapter 6. Total budget of Rs 0.11 Crore has been kept for

environmental monitoring during construction and operation phases.

Table 9.3: Budget for Implementation of Environmental Management Plan

Components Stage Items Total Cost

(Rs)

Dust Management with Sprinkling of

Water 800000

Covers for Vehicles Transporting,

Construction Materials 200000

Air Construction

Shed for de-dusting of cements bags 50000

Construction Sanitary Facilities for Construction

Workers 200000

Silt Fencing 500000

Oil & Grease Traps 100000

Water

Operation Installation of STP 15000000

Construction

Safety

Construction Facilities to Workers 500000

Preservation of top soils 500000 Soil Construction

Cement Flooring at Fuel Storage Yard 50000

Construction Bins for collection of waste from sites 25000 Waste

Management Operation Waste collection and segregation 200000

Construction Ear plugs and muff 20000 Noise

Operation Ear plugs and muff 20000

Solar Power Plant 30000000 Energy

Conservations

Operation

Phase Energy conservation measures 500000

PPEs for workers 500000 Occupational

Health &

Safety

Construction

Workers facilities as per BOCW

Regulations 1000000

Landscaping Operation Landscaping within Airport and Green

Belt/plantation in nearby settlement 2500000

Total 52665000

Say Rs 5.27 Crores


India Disclosure of Consultant


CHAPTER 10

DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

10.1 Disclosure of Consultant Engaged

Airport Authority of India entrusted, M/s ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited,

for carrying out EIA/EMP studies for the New Integrated Terminal Building at

Guwahati Airport.

ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited, an ISO 9001, ISO 14001 & OHSAS 18001

Certified Company and NABET (QCI) Accredited Environmental Consultancy

Organization. The office of ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited is located at

Chennai as per details given below:


#400, 13th Street, SIDCO Industrial Estate (North Phase),

Ambattur, Chennai – 600098

ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited is accredited by NABET (QCI) in the

following Sectors:

Sector

Number

Sector Name Category

1 Mining of minerals (Opencast only) A

(i) Mining (Open cast and Underground) B

3 Irrigation projects only A

4 Thermal Power Plant A

8 Metallurgical industries (sec. ferrous only) B

10 Petroleum refining industry A

15 Leather/skin/hide processing industry A

21

Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes & dye

intermediates; bulk drugs and intermediates excluding drug

formulations; synthetic rubbers; basic organic chemicals,

other synthetic organic chemicals and

chemical intermediates)

A

22 Distilleries A

24

Pulp & paper industry excluding manufacturing of paper

from wastepaper and manufacture of paper from ready pulp

without bleaching

B

28 Isolated storage & handling of hazardous chemicals (As per B




Sector

Number

Sector Name Category

threshold planning quantity indicated in column 3 of

Schedule 2 & 3 of MSIHC Rules 1989 amended 2000)

29 Airports A

31 Industrial estates/ parks/ complexes/

Areas, export processing

zones(EPZs), Special economic zones

(SEZs), Biotech parks, Leather

complexes

B

33 Ports, harbours, jetties, marine terminals, break waters and

dredging

A

34

Highways, Railways, transport terminals, mass rapid

transport systems

A

36 Common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) B

37 Common municipal solid waste management facility

(CMSWMF)

B

38 Building and large construction projects including shopping

malls, multiplexes, commercial complexes, housing estates,

hospitals, institutions

B

39 Townships and Area development Projects B

10.2 Expertise of ABC Techno Lab India Private Limited

ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited is the first firm to be accredited by NABET

(National Accreditation Board for Education and Training), Quality Council of India,

as an EIA Consultant. We are equipped with in-house, spacious laboratory, accredited

by NABL (National Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration Laboratories),

Department of Science & Technology, Government of India. Since establishment our

focus is on sustainable development of Industry and Environment based on sound

engineering practices, innovation, quality, R&D and most important is satisfying

customers need. The company has successfully completed more than 100’s projects of

variety of industries, in the field of pollution control. We are also dealing in the

projects of waste minimization and cleaner production technology. Our team of

technocrats and scientists are well experienced to deal with the Designing,

Manufacturing, Fabrication, Installation and Commissioning of Effluent/Wastewater

Treatment Plants, Sewage Treatment Plants, Combined Treatment Plants.

We are having a well experienced team of Scientists & Engineers who are looking

after our well-equipped analytical laboratory with a facility including analysis of

physical, chemical and biological parameters as per the requirements of the State

Pollution Control Board and our clients.




10.3 NABET Accredited Environmental Experts Team for EIA Study

ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited carried out EIA studies for the New

Integrated Terminal Building at Guwahati Airport. The multidisciplinary team

comprising NABET accredited experts in the field of land use, air pollution control,

air quality modeling & meteorology, water pollution control, ecology & bio diversity,

noise/ vibration, socio economy, hydrology, geology, soil conservation, risks &

hazard and solid & hazardous wastes management were deployed as team to carried

out EIA studies. Details of team members with their role and responsibility are given

in Table 10.1.

Table 10.1: NABET Accredited Team for EIA Study

Name Role & Responsibilities

Vinod K Gautam EIA Coordinator

R. Rajendran Associate EIA Coordinator / Team Member for Solid waste &

Hazardous Management

Mr. Abhik Saha FAE for Ecology & Bio-diversity

Vinod K Gautam FAE for Meteorology, Air Quality Modeling & Prediction,

Solid waste & Hazardous Management and Risks & Hazard

Management

Mr. Sushil U.

Meshram

FAE for Socio-Economic

Dr. R.K.

Jayaseelan

FAE for Land Use, Hydrology, ground water & water

conservation and Water Pollution Control

Mrs.

Vijayalakshmi

FAE for Air Pollution Control, Noise / Vibration

Dr. Sameer

Deshpande

FAE for Soil Conservation

ANNEXURES

ANNEXURE I TERMS OF REFERENCE ISSUED BY

MOEF&CC

ANNEXURE II COPY OF APPLICATION SUBMITTED

FOR CLEARANCE FROM NBWL

17/11/2017 Gmail - Email Alert From System Administrator of Online Submission and Monitoring of Wildlife Clearances Proposal(OSMWCP) portal

https://mail.google.com/mail/?ui=2&ik=62d4a82aa8&jsver=M-xhRWn0lp0.en.&view=pt&search=inbox&th=15fca1c89642d7f0&siml=15fca1c89642… 1/1

Guwahati Airport <[email protected]>

Email Alert From System Administrator of Online Submission and Monitoring ofWildlife Clearances Proposal(OSMWCP) portal 1 message

[email protected] <[email protected]> Fri, Nov 17, 2017 at 6:43 PMTo: [email protected]: [email protected]

This is to acknowledge that a proposal seeking prior approval of Central Governmentunder the Forest (Conservation) Act 1980 as per the details given below has beensuccessfully uploaded on the portal of the Ministry of Environment, Forests andClimate Change Government of India.

1. Proposal No. : FP/AS/Others/1911/2017

2. Proposal Name : New Integrated Terminal Building at GuwahatiAirport

3. Category of the Proposal : Others4. Date of Submission : 16/11/20175. Name of the Applicant with Contact Details

Name : TailongMobile No. : 9566067777State : AssamDistrict : KamrupPincode : 781015

6. Protected Area (ha.) : 0

The proposal will be examined by Wild Life Warden, Forest (Conservation) Act,1980 to assess its completeness.

(System Administrator)

*** This is a system generated email, please do not reply. ***

Airport Authority of India - Pollution Control Board, Assam

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