Addressing Challenges of Access to Higher Education through the Use of ICT: Asian Perspective and Indonesian Experience

Prof. Richardus Eko Indrajit APTIKOM Indonesia indrajit@post.harvard.edu

September 23rd, 2013 5 p.m.to 6 p.m. (East African Time) 2 p.m. to 3 p.m. (GMT)

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Higher Education Situation in Indonesia (typical developing

country within Asian region)

Posture:   Archipelago nation of 17,000+ islands, 34 states, and

500+ regions   3000+ higher education institutions spread around the

country   237 million population, 22% internet penetration, 90%

mobile penetration Problems:   5 million student bodies with 27% of gross enrollment

rate   Average of 5-10 PhD per-institution (not to mention

number of professors)

Country Initiative

  Increase gross enrollment rate by using information and communication technology (e-education and e-learning as national flagship)   Boost open education and shared-

services paradigm within the higher education institution ecosystem   Introduce relevant technology to the

initiative such as: cloud model, outsourcing, grid computing, etc.

The Highlights of Challenge

Infrastructure

Policy

HR Readiness

Governance System

Paradigm Shift

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Challenge #1: Infrastructure

  Connection is everywhere, but bandwidth is still a problem: –  Different level on infrastructure quality –  Affordable broadband is not provided –  Difficult to apply multimedia based learning –  Synchronous interaction is almost

impossible

  Solution: Technology that can run in low bandwidth or using asynchronous mode

Challenge #1: Infrastructure

VMEET Nusantara Running in low bandwidth for participants and high bandwidth for the lecturers (broadcaster site as aggregator)

Challenge #2: Policy

  A lack of solid regulation that recognise and accredit e-learning practices: –  Quality consideration –  Footprint territory of open university –  Threat to existing higher learning institutions

  Solution: developing standard as minimum requirement that should be fulfilled by the institutions and/or applying special rules for the practices

Challenge #2: Policy

Ministry Decree on E-Learning which set the minimum requirement as standard of practices on using ICT within HE environment

Challenge #3: HR Readiness

  Not all people within higher learning environment who are comfortable with the involvement of ICT in learning: –  Pedagogy challenges –  Change management (and mindset) –  Level of technology literacy –  Not adequate training

  Solution: conducting pilot project for experiencing (“to know is to love”)

Challenge #3: HR Readiness

National Pilot Project for ICT for HE Environment Master Degree Program for Lecturers Consortium Model of 12 Provider Universities and 100 Participant Universities (Join Learning Spaces)

Challenge #4: Governance System

  Difficult on aligning the legacy system with the 21st learning model: –  Control objectives on management –  Cost containment and pricing strategy –  Market protection for small universities –  Proportion of learning model portfolio

  Solution: using the UNESCO principle “to meet the unmet learning process” – special purpose, special audiences

Challenge #4: Governance System

Sharing Best Practices on Management, Governance, Applications, Technology, Cases, etc.

Challenge #5: Paradigm Shift

  There are many school of thoughts and discourses in using ICT for education: –  Spectrum of utilisation (curriculum design) –  Mode of delivery (chaos vs. structured) –  Level of recognition (formal vs. informal) –  Learning evaluation model/approach

  Solution: using maturity (or process capability) model as opposed to one-size-fit-all approach

Challenge #5: Paradigm Shift

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Many initiatives have occurred within the nation which are targeting different communities and serving different missions

Conclusion and Recommendation

  Collaboration is a must – most toward PPP model (Public Private Partnerships)   “Seeing is believing” paradigm – pilot

project involvement is a key   Recognition is mandatory – government

should have a clear “GO” regulation for practicing ICT for higher education   More success stories are needed –

learning from the proven ones

Thank You

Prof. Richardus Eko Indrajit APTIKOM Indonesia indrajit@post.harvard.edu