1

REVIEWon

ICT Fundamentals

2

Some Missing Topics in slideINTRANET An intranet is a private computer network that uses Internet Protocol technology to securely share any part of an organization's information or network operating system within that organization. The term is used in contrast to internet, a network between organizations, and instead refers to a network within an organization. Sometimes the term refers only to the organization's internal website.

3

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

A virtual private network (VPN) is a secure way of connecting to a private Local Area Network at a remote location, using the Internet or any insecure public network to transport the network data packets privately

4

5

ICT Information and communications technology usually called ICT, is often used as an extended synonym for information technology (IT).

ICT consists of all technical means used to handle information and aid communication, including computer and network hardware, communication as well as necessary software.

6

KINDS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

SALES & MANUFACTURING FINANCE ACCOUNTING HUMAN

KIND OF SYSTEM GROUPS SERVED

STRATEGIC LEVEL SENIOR MANAGERS

MANAGEMENT LEVEL MIDDLE MANAGERS

OPERATIONAL OPERATIONALLEVEL MANAGERS

KNOWLEDGE LEVEL KNOWLEDGE &DATA WORKERS

RESOURCESMARKETING & ENGINEERING

7

Transaction Processing Systems Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)(TPS)

Computerized system that performs Computerized system that performs and records the daily routine and records the daily routine transactions necessary to conduct transactions necessary to conduct the business; these systems serve the business; these systems serve the operational level of the the operational level of the organizationorganization

• TYPE: Operational-levelTYPE: Operational-level• INPUTS: transactions, eventsINPUTS: transactions, events• PROCESSING: updatingPROCESSING: updating• OUTPUTS: detailed reportsOUTPUTS: detailed reports• USERS: operations personnel, USERS: operations personnel, supervisorssupervisors

• DECISION-MAKING: highly structuredDECISION-MAKING: highly structured

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE: payroll, accounts payable payroll, accounts payable

8

Office Automation Systems (OAS)Office Automation Systems (OAS) Computer system, such as word processing, electronic mail system, and scheduling system, that is designed to increase the productivity of data workers in the office.

• TYPE: Knowledge-levelTYPE: Knowledge-level• INPUTS: documents, schedulesINPUTS: documents, schedules• PROCESSING: document management, PROCESSING: document management,

scheduling, communicationscheduling, communication• OUTPUTS: documents; schedulesOUTPUTS: documents; schedules• USERS: clerical workersUSERS: clerical workers

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE: document imaging system document imaging system

9

Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)

Information system that aids knowledge workers in the creation and integration of new knowledge in the organization.

•TYPE: Knowledge-levelTYPE: Knowledge-level• INPUTS: design specifications INPUTS: design specifications • PROCESSING: modellingPROCESSING: modelling• OUTPUTS: designs, graphicsOUTPUTS: designs, graphics• USERS: technical staff; USERS: technical staff; professionalsprofessionals

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE: Engineering workstations Engineering workstations

10

Sales & Marketing Systems Systems that help the firm identify customers for the firm’s products or services, develop products and services to meet customer’s needs, promote products and services, sell the products and services, and provide ongoing customer support.

EXAM PLESSystem Description Organizational LevelOrder processing Enter, process, and track orders OperationalMarket analysis Identify custom ers and m arkets using Knowledge

data on dem ographics, m arkets,consum er behavior, and trends

Pricing analysis Determ ine prices for products Managem entand services

11

Manufacturing and Production Systems

Systems that deal with the planning, development, and production of products and services and with controlling the flow of production.

Exam plesSystem Description Organizational LevelM achine control Control the actions of m achines Operational

and equipm entCom puter-aided design (CAD) Design new products using Knowledge

the com puterProduction planning Decide when and how m any M anagem ent

products should be producedFacilities location Decide where to locate new Strategic

production facilities

12

Finance and Accounting Systems Systems that keep track of the firm’s financial assets and fund flows.

Exam plesSystem Description Organizational Level

Accounts receivable Track m oney owed the firm OperationalPortfolio analysis Design the firm 's portfolio of investm ents KnowledgeBudgeting Prepare short-term budgets M anagem entProfit planning Plan long-term profits Strategic

13

Human Resources Systems Systems that maintain employee records; Track employee skills, job performance, and training; And support planning for employee compensation and career development.

Exam plesSystem Description Organizational Level

Training and developm ent Track em ployae training, skills, Operationaland perform ance appraisals

Career pathing Design career paths for em ployees KnowledgeCom pensation analysis M onitor the range and distribution M anagem ent

ofem ployee wages, salaries, and bene6csHum an resources planning Plan the long-term labor force needs Strategic

of the organization

14

Most Important• Computer, Characteristics of computer• Types of computer and their example• Basic hardware components ( input/output) of a computer• Software, types of software, examples• Computer networks, Components of network with figure• Data flow of a network, topology• Types of network• E-commerce, activities of e-commerce• EDI, Different models of e-commerce• MIS, Features of MIS, Information processing of MIS• Internet, Intranet, RAM, ROM, WWW, ICT, TCP/IP.

15

Important• Data and Information, CPU, CD, DVD, HDD• Key groups of a standard keyboard, Different types of printer• Five names of different OS• Formatting text in MS word program, Word wrap, Three tools of Language menu.• Spreadsheet vs. worksheet, cell, different types of cell addressing• Database vs. DBMSes, Fields, records, tables, Mask, Filter• Uses of network• IP number, Protocol, E-mail• Functions of telecommunication• DSS, ESS

16

Less Important• What is system, Anatomy of computer• Different users of a computer• Variations of Mouse• How can you define printer’s performance- ppm, cps, dpi.• What is GUI in OS• Enterprise software• Memo, Data field in MS-Excel• TPS, KWS

17