Addressing Challenges of Access to Higher Education through the Use of ICT: Asian Perspective and Indonesian Experience
Prof. Richardus Eko Indrajit APTIKOM Indonesia [email protected]
September 23rd, 2013 5 p.m.to 6 p.m. (East African Time) 2 p.m. to 3 p.m. (GMT)
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Higher Education Situation in Indonesia (typical developing
country within Asian region)
Posture: Archipelago nation of 17,000+ islands, 34 states, and
500+ regions 3000+ higher education institutions spread around the
country 237 million population, 22% internet penetration, 90%
mobile penetration Problems: 5 million student bodies with 27% of gross enrollment
rate Average of 5-10 PhD per-institution (not to mention
number of professors)
Country Initiative
Increase gross enrollment rate by using information and communication technology (e-education and e-learning as national flagship) Boost open education and shared-
services paradigm within the higher education institution ecosystem Introduce relevant technology to the
initiative such as: cloud model, outsourcing, grid computing, etc.
The Highlights of Challenge
Infrastructure
Policy
HR Readiness
Governance System
Paradigm Shift
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2
3 4
5
Challenge #1: Infrastructure
Connection is everywhere, but bandwidth is still a problem: – Different level on infrastructure quality – Affordable broadband is not provided – Difficult to apply multimedia based learning – Synchronous interaction is almost
impossible
Solution: Technology that can run in low bandwidth or using asynchronous mode
Challenge #1: Infrastructure
VMEET Nusantara Running in low bandwidth for participants and high bandwidth for the lecturers (broadcaster site as aggregator)
Challenge #2: Policy
A lack of solid regulation that recognise and accredit e-learning practices: – Quality consideration – Footprint territory of open university – Threat to existing higher learning institutions
Solution: developing standard as minimum requirement that should be fulfilled by the institutions and/or applying special rules for the practices
Challenge #2: Policy
Ministry Decree on E-Learning which set the minimum requirement as standard of practices on using ICT within HE environment
Challenge #3: HR Readiness
Not all people within higher learning environment who are comfortable with the involvement of ICT in learning: – Pedagogy challenges – Change management (and mindset) – Level of technology literacy – Not adequate training
Solution: conducting pilot project for experiencing (“to know is to love”)
Challenge #3: HR Readiness
National Pilot Project for ICT for HE Environment Master Degree Program for Lecturers Consortium Model of 12 Provider Universities and 100 Participant Universities (Join Learning Spaces)
Challenge #4: Governance System
Difficult on aligning the legacy system with the 21st learning model: – Control objectives on management – Cost containment and pricing strategy – Market protection for small universities – Proportion of learning model portfolio
Solution: using the UNESCO principle “to meet the unmet learning process” – special purpose, special audiences
Challenge #4: Governance System
Sharing Best Practices on Management, Governance, Applications, Technology, Cases, etc.
Challenge #5: Paradigm Shift
There are many school of thoughts and discourses in using ICT for education: – Spectrum of utilisation (curriculum design) – Mode of delivery (chaos vs. structured) – Level of recognition (formal vs. informal) – Learning evaluation model/approach
Solution: using maturity (or process capability) model as opposed to one-size-fit-all approach
Challenge #5: Paradigm Shift
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Many initiatives have occurred within the nation which are targeting different communities and serving different missions
Conclusion and Recommendation
Collaboration is a must – most toward PPP model (Public Private Partnerships) “Seeing is believing” paradigm – pilot
project involvement is a key Recognition is mandatory – government
should have a clear “GO” regulation for practicing ICT for higher education More success stories are needed –
learning from the proven ones