Additions to Peter Riga’s Aurora in Paris, Bibliothèque National de France, Lat. 13050.

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Volume 69 2007

Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies

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The Fellows of the Pontifical Institute constitute the Editorial Board of Mediaeval Studies.

Editor Jonathan Black

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CONTENTS

TEXTS

Additions to Peter Riga's Aurora in Paris, Bibliotheque nationale de France lat. 13,050 Greti Dinkova-Bruun

From Speculum anime to Miroir de I 'ame: The Origins of Vernacular Advice Literature at the Capetian Court Sean L. Field 59

ARTICLES

The Separation of the Interior and Exterior Acts in Scotus and Ockham Thomas M Osborne Jr. 111

John Wyc1if on Papal Election, Correction, and Deposition Ian Christopher Levy 141

The Patrimonies of the Rostislavichi in the Kievan Lands: An Anomaly Martin Dimnik 187

Old Englishforespeca and the Role of the Advocate in Anglo-Saxon Law Andrew Rabin 223

Forht and fcegen in The Wanderer and Related Litermy Contexts of Anglo-Saxon Warrior Wisdom Scott Gwara 255

Paris, Bibliotheque nationale de France lat. 15158: A Late ThirteenthCentury Libel' Catonianus from the Abbey of St. Victor

Christopher J. McDonough 299

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ADDITIONS TO PETER RIGA'S AURORA IN PARIS, BIBLIOTHEQUE NATIONALE DE FRANCE

LAT.13050*

Greti Dinkova-Bruun

PETER Riga's verse commentary on the Bible, the Aurora, enjoyed an enormous popularity in the later Middle Ages. The clear style of the

poem, the use of short sentences, often contained within the length of a single elegiac couplet, as well as the accessible way in which the poet presents the biblical story together with its complex allegorical interpretation made the work extremely suitable for use at the schools on both lower and higher level of education. As a thirteenth-century teacher's preface to the Aurora declares, it was profitable for many different readers: paruulus and peffectus, puer and maturus, ingeniosus and even fastidiosus. 1 The pedagogical qualities of Riga's magnum opus were immediately recognized, causing it to be included in the school curriculum2 and copied repeatedly all around Europe.3 The impact of the Aurora on the medieval consciousness can also be inferred by the various ways in which the work was used by medieval lexicographers, rhetoricians and grammarians,4 as well as by the numerous poetic compositions directly inspired by it: in the period 1200-1208, while Riga was still alive,S

• I wish to thank Professor A. G. Rigg for reading an earlier draft of this article and for making many helpful suggestions.

I See P. E. Beichner, ed., Aurora: Petri Rigae Biblia versificata, 2 vols. (Notre Dame, 1965), 1 :5, preface n, lines 26-35: "Accedat igitur paruulus ad huius libri lectionem qtlia in eo inuenitur lac paruulorum, accedat et perfectus quia in eo inueniet solidum cibum (cf. 1 Cor 3:2) .... Accedat similiter ingeniosus uel studiosus, quia reperiet un de possit et debeat exercere ingenium suum. Non dedignetur etiam fastidiosus auditor, quia nouitas fauorabilis et mulcens aures exsufflabit fastidium et amena diuersitas audiendi quasi prouocabit appetitum."

2 See E. R. Curtius, European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages, trans. W. R. Trask (Princeton, 1953; 7th rpt., 1990),50-51.

3 The poem in found in over 460 medieval manuscripts. F. Stegmtiller in his RepertoriulII biblicuIII Medii Aevi (Madrid, 1950-61), nos. 6823-25, lists some 230 manuscripts. Since I started my work on the poem I have been able to double this number. See also H. Walther, Initia carminuIII ac verSUUnl Medii Aevi posterioris LatinorulII (G6ttingen 1959; 2d ed., 1969).

4 See Beichner, Aurora 1 :xxxv-xlii. 5 The year of Riga's' death is usually given as 1209. For a general introduction on Riga's

life and works, see "Pierre de Riga, chanoine de Reims," Histoire litteraire de la France 17

Mediaeval Studies 69 (2007): 1-57. © Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies~

2 G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

Aegidius of Paris wrote two redactions of the poem, adding to its third edition no less than 54911ines;6 Hermann ofWerden composed in 1225-26 a lengthy verse commentary on the Prouerbia Salomonis, a biblical book that was not versified by Riga;7 and several anonymous poets tried to make the Aurora more complete by expanding it with versifications like the Lamentationes Ieremiae Prophetae, the Liber Esdre Prophete, or the Liber Ecclesiastes. 8

Many of these poems, written to amplifY and ameliorate the Aurora, may not be widely known, but at least scholars have been aware of their existence. What I present in this article is the work of a previously unknown author who, like Aegidius of Paris, the corrector ultimus of the poem,9 introduced elaborate and extensive changes to Riga's text. This unknown poet's redaction of

(Paris 1832), 26-69; M. Manitius, Geschichte der lateinischen Literatllr des Mittelalters, 3 vols. (Munich, 1911-31),3:820-31; and Beichner, Allrora 1 :xii-xvi.

6 Riga composed the Aurora during a period of two decades, between 1180 and 1200, by constantly adding more material to the original. Beichner recognized three medieval editions of the poem. For more details on the contents of each edition, see Beichner, Aurora 1 :xvii-xx. Aegidius's first redaction adds two prologues to the Aurora and a number of interpolations throughout the whole poem; it also moves the Liber lob and the Cantica Cantico/"Um within the Old Testament and changes the Historia Susanne from a debate into a chronological narrative. The second redaction adds a dedicatory letter written by Aegidius to his patron Odo, bishop of Paris, who died in 1208; it also interpolates the verse tract Mysterilllll de agno paschali (714 verses) in the Exodus, considerably expands the EllangeliulII, and adds the short poem De penis infernaliblls at the end of the Aurora. Most of the interpolations of Aegidius are printed by Beichner in his edition of the Aurora, with the exception of the Mysterium de agno paschali, which is still unpublished, and De penis infernaliblls (also called De penis inferni). The latter is printed from a single manuscript in PL 212:43-46, but a new critical edition is long overdue. I have seen De penis infernaliblls in only eight manuscripts, so it does not seem to have been as popular as the Mysteriull1 de agno paschali, which is copied in as many as sixty-five manuscripts of the Aurora, the majority of which are in Paris, Bibliotheque nationale de France.

7 Hennann's poem is called Hortus deliciarull1 Salomonis. It consists of 9589 verses. Extracts from the work are printed in 1. B. Pitra, Spicilegium Solesmense complectens sanctorum patrum scriptorllmque ecc1esiaticorum anecdota hactenus opera selecta e graecis orientalibusque et latinis codicibus (Paris, 1852-58), vols. 2-3 (passim). See also P. G. Schmidt, "Der verschollene Hortus deliciarum des Hermann von Werden," in Tradition und Wertung: Festschrift fiir Franz Brunh6lz1 zum 65. Geburtstag, ed. G. Bernt, F. Riidle, G. Silagi (Sigmaringen, 1989), 261-66. For the critical edition of the entire poem, see Hermanni Werdinensis Hortus Deliciarull1, ed. P. G. Schmidt, CCCM 204 (Turnhout, 2005).

8 There are altogether eight anonymous versifications added to the Aurora. Only three of them are published: see P. E. Beichner, "Cantica Canticorum Beate Marie," Marianum: Ephemerides mariologicae 21 (1959): 1-15; G. Dinkova-Bruun, "The Story ofEzra: A Versification Added to Peter Riga's Aurora," Anglo-Latin and Its Heritage: Essays in Honour of A. G. Rigg on His 641h Birthday, ed. S. Echard and G. R. Wieland, Publications of the Journal of Medieval Latin 4 (Turnhout, 2001), 163-88; and G. Dinkova-Bruun, "Liber Ecc1esiastes: An Anonymous Poem Incorporated in Peter Riga's Aurora (Ott. Lat. 399)," Miscellanea Bibliothecae Apostolicae Vaticanae VIII, Studi e testi 402 (Vatican City, 2001), 159-72.

9 This is how Aegidius refers to himself (see Beichner, Aurora 1: 11, preface VII, line 4).

ADDITIONS TO PETER RIGA'S AURORA 3

the Aurora is found in a single thilteenth-century manuscript, Paris, Bibliothe que nationale de France lat. 13050 (henceforth P). His name and consequently his identity are hard to establish. Even though many of his additions are marked in the margins of the manuscript, the name of the poet is never written out completely. In most cases we only have "Al." which could be expanded in a number of ways, such as Albertus, Albericus, or Albricus. On two occasions the abbreviation is longer, "AI15tus,"IO which seems to suggest AIbertus as the poet's most likely name, but even this is uncertain.

Can the identity of our poet be established on the basis of his abbreviated name? I would like to suggest two possibilities, even though neither can be confirmed by the available evidence. ll The first is that the author in question is Albericus de Altovillari, a magister scolasticus like Riga himself at the cathedral school in Reims from 1255 to 1266, who was known for his learning.12 Albericus' s successor as schoolmaster, the legal writer and poet Drogo de Altovillari, praises him highly in two epitaphs and one laudatio, albeit without mentioning that he was engaged in any literary activities. 13 As is typical for the writers of epitaphs, Drogo is mainly concerned with enumerating the excellent qualities of Albericus and setting him as an example for all Christians who want to earn eternal life through their faith in ChriSt. 14 The

10 See P, fo!' 34v (left margin) and fo!' 36v (left margin). 11 For a very useful theoretical study on the difficulties of attribution, see F. Dolbeau,

"Critique d'attribution, critique d'authenticite: Reflexions preliminaires," Filologia mediolatina 6-7 (1999-2000): 33-61.

12 Albericus is mentioned in P. Varin, Archives administratives de la ville de Reims: Collection de pieces inedites, vo!. 1 (Paris, 1839), 1:667, and Archives legislatives de la ville de Reims: Collection de pieces inedites (Paris, 1840-44), part 2: Statuts, 1 :66-67; and E. Cauly, Histoire de College. des Bons-Enfants de I'Universite de Reims (Reims, 1885), 65 and 102. Both Varin and Cauly use the form Albricus. See also P. Desportes, Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae 3: Diocese de Reims (Turnhout, 1998),238, no. 1160, which informs us that Albericus was a canon from 1249 and a scolasticus from 1255 until his death on 31 January 1266. This Albericus is not to be confused with Albericus, pupil of Alselm of Laon and accuser of Abelard at Soisson in 1121, who was a schoolmaster at Reims from 1118 to 1136. See J. R. Williams, "The Cathedral School of Reims in the Time of Master Alberic, 1l18-1136," Traditio 20 (1964): 93-114.

13 See M. P. Bachmann, Drogo de Altovillari: Discussio litis super hereditate Lazari et Marie Magdalene. Ein Streitgedicht des 13. Jahrhunderts, Lateinische Sprache und Literatur des Mittelalters 34 (Bern, 2002), 163-65 and 173.

14 In De domino Alberico, quondam scolasticus Remensi (epitaph no. 3, ibid., 163-64), Drogo writes,

Hic iacet Aubricus, Christi dum uixit amicus, Mitis, pacificus, uerbis factisque pudicus. Serpens antiquus, qui cunctis est inimicus, Ipsum nec lesit uiuentem, nec superauit. Virtutes, opera bona iustus semper amauit,

4 G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

fact that Drogo does not mention Albericus' s poetical efforts does not mean that he did not write poetry. For example, the epitaph of the English author Alexander of Ashby, a prolific writer of sermons, meditations and poetry, similarly does not refer to his literary production. IS In any case, even if the known facts about Albericus's life and public career do not provide any proof that he expanded Riga's verse rendition of the Bible, the fact that he was a master at the cathedral school where also Riga taught, as well as his reputation of scholarly excellence, especially in the field of spiritual matters,16 make Albericus a possible candidate for the authorship of this previously unknown redaction of Riga's masterpiece. If indeed this is the case, the additions to the Aurora would be the only preserved written work by the doctor scolarum Albericus de Altovillari, who could have also been called Albericus Remensis.

There is another possibility. A number of the Aurora manuscripts contain an additional prologue, often attributed to a certain magister Albertus Remensis, who advocates the extreme usefulness of Peter Riga's poem. 17 We know nothing about this master. He could be the already mentioned Albericus, with his name preserved wrongly in the manuscript tradition, or he could be a completely different person altogether. Until more evidence is uncovered, the identity of Albertus Remensis remains a mystelY. The fact that P does not contain the preface attributed to him complicates matters even further. The omission indicates that either Albertus Remensis and the unknown poet were two different people who worked on the Aurora independently or that, if they were the one and same author, he wrote the preface after he had already created his expanded version of the poem; otherwise, it is difficult to believe that it would not have been included in P. In any case, the preface to the Aurora was a slightly better-known text, preserved in at least a dozen manuscripts. In contrast, the previously unknown revision of Riga's poem presented in this article exists, as far as I know, only in this one manuscript. In conclusion, un-

Continue Christo mundo seruiuit in isto. Dignus mercede celi, quem Christus in ede Letum suscipiat, cum sanctis incola fiat.

15 For a discussion on Alexander's epitaph, see G. Dinkova-Bruun, "Alexander of Ashby: New Biographical Evidence," Mediaeval Studies 63 (2001): 305-22, esp. 321.

16 In his Item alii uersus de domino Alberico (epitaph no. 4 in Bachmann's edition, 165) Drogo mentions that Albericus was made famous by his collatio scolarulII and exempla doctrinarlllll bonarulll. For collatio· as a discussion of spiritual matters or as a school exercise, see O. Weijers, Terminologie des 1I11iversites all XIlle siecle (Rome 1987), 372-78; and J. Hamesse, "Collatio et Reportatio: deux vocables specifiques de la vie intellectuelle au Moyen Age", in Actes du colloque: Termil1ologie de la vie intellectuelle all Moyen Age, ed. O. Weijers (Tumhout, 1988), 1:78-87, esp. 78-80.

17 This is the so-called "Teacher's preface" in Beichner's edition of the poem (Aurora 1:4-7, preface II); see also n. 1 above.


til further information is uncovered, the identity of the author of the unknown Aurora redaction cannot be established with certainty, and he will be henceforth referred to as Al.

This revised version of the Aurora is quite unlike the one written by Aegidius-both in length and scope. Aegidius reworked all the books of the Aurora and added more than 5000 lines in total. By contrast, Al. seems to have been interested mainly in the period of Jewish history told in the Libri Regum, which he expands with as many as 932 verses. 18 In doing so, he supplies many events that are omitted in Riga's account. In comparison, the two redactions of Aegidius add only 346 verses to Riga's Libri Regum;19 thus, for this section of the Aurora we can say that Al. is the more thorough reviser.

In addition, P contains a redaction of the Aurora that also incorporates a number of further changes. Whether Al. is responsible for them too is impossible to say, because unlike the majority of the additions incorporated into the Libri Regum, they are not attributed to him.20 One example is the poem Liber Esdre et Neemie which is appended to Riga's Libri Regum. This previously unknown composition also adds historical events that are missing from the Aurora, implying that it must have been written by somebody who had a special interest in history and chronology. As already mentioned, we know of one other anonymous versification of the Libel' Esdre Prophete that was added to the Aurora. 21 The fact that two independent poems were written to fill the same gap shows that the deficiency of the Aurora at this particular point was not difficult to recognize. Other examples in P of complementing the Aurora are, first, the inclusion of excerpts from the writings of Jerome, Gregory of Tours, and Cassiodorus dealing with the Psalter (fols. 461'-471' and 58v); second, a short paraphrase of the Libri Paralipomenon (fols. 58v-62r); and fi-

18 At the same time, Al. omits thirty-two verses (thirty from Book I and two from Book IV), but even after subtracting those omissions we are left with an increase of 900 verses in the Libri Regull1 of the Aurora.

19 According to Beichner's attributions, 210 verses were added in Aegidius's first redaction and 136 in his second. The figure for the second redaction, however, has to be examined further, because as many as 126 of the verses were found by Beichner in one single manuscript (Oxford, Bodleian Library Laud. Misc. 242). Until we find these verses in additional copies of the Aurora, we cannot be certain that they were written by Aegidius. It is possible that Bodleian Library Laud. Misc. 242 contains yet another independent redaction of Rig a's poem.

20 For accretions to the Libri Regum that are not attributed to Al., see Additions 1.1, 11.1, III.7, III.9, IV.9, and IV.lO in the edition below. Even though no specific attribution is provided in these cases, there is no reason to believe that these additions were not written by Al. himself or at least by someone who was closely involved in his revising project. Otherwise, we would have found these verses also in other copies of the Aurora.

21 The poem in question is found in Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum McClean 31 (s. XIII),

fols. 136v-139r. For the edition, see n. 8 above.

6 G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

nally, the poem De omnibus libris hystorie (262 verses, fols. 62r-63v). These expansions, together with the reworked version of the Libri Regum make this manuscript a unique witness of Riga's poem, providing us with an interesting insight into the kind of reception the Aurora enjoyed in the later Middle Ages. It is important to note that almost all of the revisions in P (with the exception of the compilation on the Psalms and the poem on the contents of the entire Bible) appear to be concerned with adding to Riga's composition material that peliained to the history of the rulers of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah. This intense interest in Jewish history is not unique in the thirteenth century, but it is the first time that it is expressed clearly in the context of the Aurora. Among the 300 manuscripts of the poem that I have examined, P stands out not so much because it contains previously unattested poems (there are many other copies of the Aurora that are unique) but because the new compositions appear to be part of a particular programme of revision, one with a clear historical bent.

It is impossible to say whether all of the revisions in P were done personally by Al. He was possibly a member of a team of students and scholars whose aim was to improve the poem of their famous predecessor by making it more complete. This, of course, is not a novel idea. Still, it is intriguing that such an interesting and thorough redaction of the Aurora was not copied in other manuscripts, which raises the possibility that the creation of manuscript P was a local enterprise conceived and executed quite likely at one of the distinguished cathedral schools of thirteenth-century France. Whether that was Reims, as suggested by its close association with Riga and the implication of the names of Albericus and Albelius Remensis as possible revisers, remains to be established. But if P were created for in-house use, this could explain the limited circulation of this particular redaction of the Aurora.

After providing a description of the manuscript and its contents, I will explore in some detail the various techniques which AI. uses to expand Peter Riga's Libri Regum. In addition, I will edit his additions and compare his intentions and style with those of both Riga and Aegidius.

DESCRIPTION OF THE MANUSCRIPT AND ITS CONTENTS

I. Parchment. 305x215 mm. Flesh side out. n. Foliation. i + 117 + i. The flyleaves are of paper. Ill. Collation. 1-148

, 153+2 Catchwords at the end of quires 1-9 and 12.

IV. Page layout. Ruled written space 197x 131 mm. Two columns, mostly 45 lines each, top line below ruling, if it is not a title. Ruling: seven verticals set 1 5 1 58 1 8 1 6 1 52 1 5 1 mm. apart, all of them to edges. First three and last three


horizontals to edges, the rest contained. Pricking in both outer and inner margins. Litterae notabiliores mostly set out only by position, but occasionally also filled with red. Subtitles underlined with red ink. V. Script and punctuation. Littera Gothica Textualis, 2 mm. high, in brown ink, s. XIII med. Strokes over both single and double i. Punctuation consists of punetus and punetus elevatus. Initials in alternating blue and red ink. Occasional interlinear glosses and a number of marginal glosses, mostly adding subtitles. The last quire is written in a different hand, slightly larger, 2.5 mm.

Contents. The manuscript contains a unique redaction of the Aurora. Books of the

Aurora that were reworked by AI. are marked with *; new additions to Riga's poem, not necessarily by AI., are marked with +.

1) fo1. lra-b Incipit prefatio Petri Rige eanonici saneti Dyonisii in Remis super librum quodfecit de ueteri testamento quod uoeauit Auroram.22

2) fols. lrb-l0rb Libel' Genesis. 3) fols. lOrb-17vb Liber Exodi. 4) fols. 17vb--22va Liber Levitici (ends with v. 796, "Qui tumet ascribens

candida facta sibi"). 5) fols. 22va-26ra Libel' Numeri. 6) fols. 26ra-27vb Libel' Deuteronomii. 7) fols. 27vb--29rb Liber Iosue. 8) fols. 29rb-30vb Libel' Iudieum. 9) fols.30vb-31rb Libel' Ruth.

* 10) fols. 31rb-34vb Liber I Regum (adds sixty-four verses, omits thirty).23 *11) fols.34vb--37va Liber 11 Regum (adds seventy-two verses and a prose

passage on 2 Reg 23:8-39). *12) fols.37va--41rb Libel' III Regum (adds 244 verses). *13) fols.41rb--45rb Libel' IV Regum (adds 552 verses, omits two). + 14) fols.45rb--46rb Liber Esdre et Neemie (172 verses). Ine. "Persarum

Cyrus rex primo scripsit in anno."

22 For this preface, see Beichner, Aurora 1 :7-8, preface no. Ill. 23 The thirty missing verses are not omitted by simple scriba1 mistake. There are some

copies of the Aurora, especially ones containing the first and second edition of the poem, which do not contain this passage. Beichner suggests that the verses were composed when Riga was preparing his third edition of the Aurora, but this hypothesis needs to be verified. See Aurora 1:[24], note to vv. 191-220. Riga's verses are actually based on Peter Comestor, Historia scholastica: Historia libri Regwll L chap. 8 (PL 198:1301A-B), and Hrabanus Maurus, COI/Imentaria ill libros IV Regum: In librul/l primulII, chap. 6 (PL 109:29A-D). The passage presents the story of the five cities which housed unlawfully the Ark of the Covenant and were punished by God for it. In Hrabanus's commentary they are compared to the five senses.

8 G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

+ 15) A compilation of passages relating to the Psalms: a) fols. 46rb-46va De psalterio prologus (Ps.-Jerome, Epistola XLVII

ad Damasum, 24 shortened and paraphrased), beginning with two verses: "Quatuor elegit psalmos Domino recitandos I Asaph, Eman et Ethan rex Dauid ac Y ditun." Inc. "Octoginta octo ergo dicebant." Expl. "quia ipse Dauid dictus est Christus."

b) fols. 46va-46vb Explanatio Gregorii Turonensis archiepiscopi de titulis psalmorum. 25 Inc. "Psalmi qui fugam." Expl. "fidelis intentio."

c) fols. 46vb-47va Preface fi'om Cassiodorus, Expositio Psalmorum, chaps. 1-13, abbreviated and rearranged, ending with excerpts from chaps. 16 and 14.26

+ 16) fols.47va-49vb Incipiunt Cantica Canticorum que tantummodo pertinent ad Mariam. 27

17) fols.49vb-58rb Cantica Canticorum.28 + 18) fols. 58va-58vb Preface from Cassiodorus, Expositio Psalmorum (as

in 15c above), chaps. 14, 17 ("Ordo dicendorum"), 15 (two short excerpts), and 16 (excerpt). Inc. "Liber inchoans."29

+19) fols.58vb-62rb Prose summary of 1 and 2 Chronicles (Paralipomenon). The summmy begins with a twelve-verse prologue and ends with a twelve-verse epilogue. In both the anonymous compiler asks the reader to excuse him for presenting the material in prose instead of in verse; the scansion of the Hebrew names and the complexity of the material proved to be insurmountable obstacles.30 Inc. prologue: "In

24 PL 30:295B-296B.

25 PL 71:1097-98; ed. B. Krusch, MGH Scriptorum rerum Merovingicarum (Hannover, 1885), 1.2:874.3-32 and 875.1-2.

26 Aurelius Cassiodorus, Expositio Psa/11101'll1ll, ed. M. Adriaen, CCL 97 (Turnhout, 1958), 4--22.

27 This is the poem edited by Beichner in 1959 (see n. 8 above). In the margins on fols. 47v-48r verses are copied from Riga's own Cantica Canticol'ulI1 (see Beichner, Aurora 2:703-8, vv. 1-19 and 24-98).

28 Riga's Cantica CanticorulI1 is followed by a three-verse poem entitled Iridis et Beate Mal'iae cOll/paratio. Inc. "In celis yrim pingunt tria: sol, aqua, nubes."

29 Cassiodorus, Expositio Psallllol'u/Il, ed. Adriaen, CCL 97:17-25. 30 See in pal1icular vv. 5-6 of the prologue (fol. 59ra), "Da ueniam, lector, quia metro

nominibusque I Ignaris metri materiaque premor," and vv. 7-12 ofthe epilogue (fol. 62rb): Ingenii rursus uires conatibus impar

Ardua materies ac onerosa premit. Artificis tactum fidis inconcinna recusat;

Malleus incudis non adamanta domat. Bat'bara (Bat'baras P) sic uerba non articulata decenter

Metrica compago non ligat aut copulat.

+20)

21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29)


Paralipomenon generatio texitur Ade." Inc. epilogue: "Tocius ergo libri breuius tibi tradita summa I Est lector quam si uersificata foret." fols. 62rb-63vb De omnibus libris hystorie ex epistola beati Iheronimi presbiteri ad Paulinum presbiterwn "Frater Ambrosius" (262 verses). Inc. "Conditor mundi genus Ade quomodo cepit."3l fols. 63vb-66va Thobias. fols. 66va--71 vb Liber Danielis. fols. 71 vb-72vb Libel' Iudith. fols. 72vb-74rb Libel' Hester. fols.74rb-77ra Liber Machabeorum. fols. 77ra-94vb Libel' quattuor euangelistarum. fols.94vb-97va Libel' Recapitulationum. fols. 97va-l03rb Libel' Actus apostolorum fols. 1 03rb-117va Libel' lob. 32

AL., AEGIDIUS, AND PETER RIGA'S LIBRI RECUM

After a careful examination of Al. 's additions to Riga's Libri Regum, it becomes apparent that they all provide information that fills large omission~ in Riga's versification. Before giving examples ~f how the new .pa~sage~ fit 1ll:0

the text of the Aurora, it is important to estabhsh what was Rlga s ratIOnale 1ll

choosing the material he included in his composition. For 1 Reg (1 Samuel) Riga closely follows Isidore's Quaestiones in Vetus Testam~ntu~l1.J3 Isidore's treatise would have attracted Riga for at least two reasons. Fl1'st, It presented a clear and concise selection of episodes from a very long and complex biblical book. Second Isidore, velY much like Riga himself, was primarily interested in the allegorical meaning of the biblical story and provided useful interpretations of the events.34 Nevertheless, Riga changes his approach in the remaining three books. In them he only occasionally uses Isidore, whose treatment is

31 This poem is a versification of chaps. 8, 9 and 10 of lerome's letter 53, Ad p'~lIlinlllll presbyterllll1, ed. I. Hilberg, CSEL 54 (Vienna, 1910; ~d ed. 1996), 454--64. The edItIOn and examination of this intriguing poetical work has to remam for a future stud,>'. .

32 The prologue to the book is an abbreviated version of the text pnnted by Belchner. It starts with vv. 9-10, which are followed by vv. 17-18 (see Beichner, Aurora 2:669). .

33 PL 83:391-410. The only exceptions are vv. 123-26 (Beichner, Aurora 1:252), whIch are based on Hrabanus Maurus, Commentaria in libl'os IV Reglllll: In librul11 pril11uIII, chap. 2 (PL 109:20C), and vv. 191-220 (see note 23 above).

34 See Isidore's comment at the beginning of the Quaestiones in Vetlls Testamentum: In RegullI prilllllm l.l (PL 83:391D): "In his autem Regum libris multis et uariis modis sacra-menta Christi et Ecclesiae reuelantur." .

i!

10 G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

velY short in any case, and includes additional material from Peter Comestor's Historia scholastica and the Bible itself.35 Finally, he also provides some poetic excursus of his own.36

The dimension Al. adds to this mixture is entirely rooted in the text of the Bible. The unknown redactor is only interested in what he finds in Scripture. Historical compilations which summarize and simplify the biblical stOlY and exegetical expositions which explain its meaning are no guide and inspiration for his work. To each of the four books of Kings in the Aurora, Al. adds material directly borrowed from the Bible, but the scope of his interventions is most extensive in Book IV, to which Riga dedicated only 204 verses. In order to remedy this situation, Al. composed 552 additional verses which tell the stories of Elisha and the poor widow from Shunem,37 of Naaman who was cured of leprosy and Gehazi who was punished to become a leper,38 of the cruel queen Athalia and her grandson Joash,39 and of the numerous 'kings of Judah and Israel who follow one after the other in rapid succession.40 These are not insignificant alterations that add an omitted detail here and there; these are impressive bursts of creativity that completely transform Riga's composition, turning it into a fuller and truer poetic expression of the biblical narrative. One accretion (Addition IV.9 below) is especially interesting. Its 116 verses tell a story that masterfully combines the accounts of 4 Reg, 2 Par (Chronicles), and Jeremiah. It is evident that Al. was not versifying mechanically but was organizing the material in the most useful and clear way for the reader.41 Since he was expanding Riga's Libri Regum, the majority of his verses were indeed based on the text of these biblical books; but when another book of the Bible provided useful information that enriched the narrative of Kings, he did not hesitate to include it at the appropriate points of the story. The results of this approach show a familiarity with the biblical material as well as an organized and original mind whose intent was to move beyond the realm of straightforward versification.

35 From Comestor come, for example, all the references to Josephus as a source of information; see Riga's Libel' secu/1dus ReguJ11, vv. 13-14; Libel' tertius Regul1l, w. 171-78 and 231-34 (ed. Beichner, Aurora 1:271,293-94, and 296).

36 The most notable one is in the Libel' secul1dus Regu/11, vv. 39-74, where Riga gives a description of Absalom's striking beauty. This episode is discussed in P. E. Beichner, "Absolon's Hair," Mediaeval Studies 12 (1950): 222-33.

37 See Addition IV.3, w. 25-54, in the edition below. 38 See Addition IV.5, w. 1-18. 39 See Addition IV.6, vv. 123-80. 40 See Additions IV.7 and IV.9. 41 On the difficulties in versifying the Books of Chronicles in their entirety, see the de

scription of the contents of manuscript P, no. 19.


Even though in general Al.'s accretions were skill fully incorporated into the text of the Aurora, on five occasions they were misplaced.42 In all five cases the error was corrected by the scribe who provided both verbal explanations and precise visual markers guiding the reader to the places where the passages had to be moved.43 At the same time, in Addition Il.4 he copied the words "Post crucifix a domus" as part of the first verse of the accretion, without realizing that is was actually a phrase telling him where the additional verses had to be inserted.44 A similar note with instructions for the scribe is also found in Addition IlL 1. These two cases suggest that we are probably not dealing with an autograph; AI. would not have needed the notes on where the expansions should be inserted or at least he would not have made the copying mistakes. The errors imply that the additions were composed and written down on a separate piece or pieces of parchment which were then given to a scribe who was entrusted with the task of making a copy of the new, expanded and "improved" Aurora.45 Mostly, the copyist did his job competently, with the exception of the few instances mentioned above where he made a mistake. The two instances mentioned earlier (i.e., Additions Il.4 and m.1), which are the only ones where we find instructions for the scribe, provide us with an additional insight. It is conceivable that all the accretions were originally accompanied by instructions about where they had to be included in Riga's text. After the scribe had carried out these instructions correctly, he could have simply left them out because they were not needed any more. This could be the explanation why we find such instructions only twice, in the two cases where the scribe did not recognize them as such.

All of this brings the discussion to the question which version of the Aurora Al. was revising. The contents of manuscript P suggest that if the expansions were left out of the equation,46 we would be presented with the third medieval edition of the poem,47 with one addition to it-the anonymous Cantica Canticorum Beate Marie. 48 There are also some verses (one passage of thirty-six

42 See Additions 11.3, HA, 1II.l, IV.7, and IV.lO below. 43 For examples, see nn. 56, 99, and 111 below. The scribe is very fond of telling the

readers to turn the page in order to find the place they need. See, "Verte folium et lege" used in Additions IV.7 and IV.lO.

44 See Beichner, Aurora 1 :283, v. 305. 45 Especially revealing in this regard is Book n, where Additions 3 (vv. 29-38), 4, and 5

were copied one after the other but subsequently slotted into their intended places by marginal notes and sings.

46 In addition to the expansions by AI, I am referring to all the texts that are unique to this manuscript, even if they were not all written by Al. These other accretions are marked with a + in the list of contents of the manuscript.

47 For the three editions of the poem and its two redactions, see n. 6 above. 48 See no. 16 in the list of contents above.

12 G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

verses and another of fifty-two) which according to Paul Beichner belong to the first redaction of Aegidius of Paris.49 The second of these accretions (Addition nLS) is especially intriguing because in manuscript P Aegidius's lines are actually attributed to Riga himself, not to his reviser. This could mean that the addition was indeed composed by Riga, but it is also possible that the verses were simply not recognized by AI. as part of Aegidius's revision of the Aurora. In some manuscripts Aegidius's additions are marked out in the margins, but the practice is inconsistent and rather unreliable. Another possibility is that AI. was aware that the verses in question were by Aegidius but marked them with "Pe." in order to signal that these were passages belonging to the Aurora and were thus to be distinguished from his own expansions. In any case, there is still not enough evidence to dispute Aegidius's authorship of the addition inserted after verse 302 of Book III, but this attribution could change after more manuscripts of the Aurora are examined.

The comparison between the additions composed by Aegidius and by Al. also yields interesting results. As already mentioned, in this patiicular section of the Aurora, Al. is the more prolific poet, which means that his expansions are both more numerous and longer. The following table shows the length and position of the additions to Riga's Libri Regum made by the two revisers:

Aegidius (both red actions) Al.

1 Regull1 14 (after v. 264) 4 (after v. 268) Aeg.l

50 (after v. 574) 11 Regull1 2 (after v. 70) Aeg. 1

2 (after v. 104) Aeg. 1 8 (after v. 136) 16 (after v. 246)

6 (after v. 260) Aeg. 1 28 (after v. 264) Aeg. 1+2 6 (after v. 286) Aeg. 1 38 (after v. 286)

10 (afterv. 306) prose text (after v. 336)

III Regull1 16 (after v. 10) Aeg. 1 30 (after v. 16) 6 (after v. 126)

8 (after v. 256) Aeg. 2 18 (after v. 256) 6 (after v. 258) Aeg. 1 +2 38 (after v. 270) Aeg. 1

49 See Beichner, Aurora 1:298-99, addition after v. 270; and 1:300-301, addition after v. 302. See also Additions III.4 and Ill.5 below.

IV Regum

ADDITIONS TO PETER RIGA'S AURORA

66 (after v. 302) Aeg. 1 10 (after v. 328) Aeg. 1

12 (after v. 24) Aeg. 1

2 (after v. 50) Aeg. 1

66 (after v. 142) Aeg. 251

18 (after v. 186) Aeg. 1 56 (after v. 188) Aeg. 2

Total: 346 verses

18 (after v. 302) in Aeg. po 28 (after v. 328) 4 (after v. 332)

32 (after v. 338) 108 (after v. 342) 2 (before v. 1)

8 (after v. 38)

54 (after v. 106) 6 (after v. 120) 22 (after v. 124) 180 (afterv. 134) 132 (after v. 142) 4 (after v. 186)

116 (after v. 190) 28 (afterv. 198)

Total: 932 verses

13

This table shows clearly that we are dealing with two independent revisions of Riga' s Libri Regum. Even though the obvious goal of both revisers was to supplement the text of the Aurora with biblical stories that were left out by Riga, their approach to this task was different. First of all, the places where the majority of the additions are added do not coincide; and second, even when they do, the passages vary in length, detail and character. In order to see this, let us examine some of the coinciding expansions. We have all together five of these: one in Book n (after v. 286), two in Book III (after verses 256 and 328), and two in Book IV (after verses 142 and 186). Aegidius incorporated three of these additions (Book n, v. 286; Book III, v. 328; and Book IV, v. 186) into the Aurora in his first revision of the poem, the remaining two in his second. For our present purposes, the different stages in which Aegidius's revisions were done have no particular importance.

Three of the instances in which we find additions by both Aegidius and Al. require close examination. The first one is after verse 286 of Book n (Addition n.3). Here Aegidius adds six verses and Al. adds thitiy-eight. Even though the two additions appear at the exact same place in the Aurora, they

50 This is the addition discussed in the preceding paragraph. 5l This addition and the one after v. 188 were transcribed by Beichner from a single manu

script, Oxford, Bodleian Liberary Laud. Mise. 242. Whether they are present in any other cop-ies of the Aurora remains to be seen. .

I

14 G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

are entirely different. Aegidius elaborates further on King David' s sorrow for his dead son Absalom as described at the end of 2 Reg (2 Samuel) 18.52 Al., on t?e other hand, provides a detailed versification of chapter 19, in which Davld's general Joab advises him to stop mourning for Absalom and instead to boost the flagging morals of his supporters. David relents and Judah, with h~lf .of Israel, acknowledges him as their rightful king. This entire story is mlssmg from the Aurora, where the episode of David's sorrow is followed directly by Sheba's rebellion, that is, by chapter 20. Thus it is evident that Al. 's accretion adds impOliant material to the overall narrative, whereas Aegidius's expansion is an embellishment of an already existing theme. At the same time, by adding moral commentary on the described events, Aegidius is closer to the spirit of Riga's poem than Al. whose versification is strictly historical.

Things change in the accretions after verse 328 in Book III (Addition III,6). Again Al. 's expansion is longer (twenty-eight verses against Aegidius's ten), but in this case both revisers add an important story that is only briefly mentioned in the Aurora, the contest between Elijah and the 450 false prophets of Baal. 53 While Aegidius concentrates on the actual encounter, versifying Elijah's words of contempt and mockery when Baal fails to manifest his powers, Al. als.o provides details of the background stOlY of the enmity between Elijah and Kmg Ahab, as well as a precise description of the ritual performed by the prophet. So again Al. 's addition is richer than that by Aegidius but the fact remains that the heart of the story was added by both revisers independently.

The comparison between Aegidius' s and Al. 's expansions after verse 142 in Book IV (Addition IV.7) confirms this observation but on a grander scale. We are dealing here with much longer additions-Aegidius adds 66 verses and Al. 132, which suggests more ambitious revising intentions than what we have seen until now. Riga's versification at this particular point is an extreme abbreviation of the biblical account. He gives a short summary of Elisha' s death following the biblical account of 3 Reg 13,54 after which his interest turns to

52 These are Aegidius's words (see Beichner, Aurora 1 :282):

Plangit eos pietate sua, de nemine qua uult Vt pereat sed sit omnibus una salus;

Et si quando perit aliquis, sibi quod perit ipsi, Dicere is fas est quod dolet, inde dolet.

Absalon extincto, sub lata calumpnia regni, Et iam tranquillus ceperat esse Dauid.

53 See ibid. 1 :303, vv. 329-30:

Predictum reparat altare Baalque prophetas Omnes occidit, istud agente Deo.

54 See ibid. 1 :309-10, VV. 135-42.


King Hezekiah's grave illness and miraculous recovery, a story told in 3 Reg 20. It is obvious that no reader of the Aurora could have failed to realize that as many as six chapters from the Bible are missing here, and certainly no serious reviser would have passed the opportunity to fill in the gap. Aegidius and Al. did precisely that, each in his own way. True to his style, Al. closely follows the Bible and diligently provides the names of the various kings of Israel and Judah, the precise length of their rules, the names of their friends and enemies, and whether they believed in the Lord or not. Aegidius is more selective but the overall impression is the same. Neither addition is tremendously exciting, but the biblical story is not much different. Even if repetitive and difficult to follow, the reigns of Amasias, Azariah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah in Judah, and of Joash, Jeroboam, Zechariah, Shallum, Mehahem, Pekahiah, Pekah, and Hoshea in Israel are an integral part of the historical narrative of the Bible and they deserve to be included in any thorough biblical versification. At least, this seems to have been the guiding principle behind the revising efforts of both Aegidius and Al. Riga, on the other hand, left all of this out because his main purpose in composing the Aurora was to establish the allegorical and typological connections between the Old and the New Testament. When such a connection was not found, he moved on with the story, often omitting large portions of the biblical text. This is somewhat surprising, especially considering the length of Rig a's poe~.

In conclusion, the unique redaction of the Aurora in manuscript P reminds us again how creative some of the medieval readers of the poem were. Their involvement in expanding the message of the original composition is yet another example of how unstable and open to modifications medieval texts really are. In the case of Al., whoever he may be, we have the good fortune of being able to assess the extent to which his authorial investment in the revision of the Aurora transformed the text of Riga's poem. Other poets, such as Aegidius of Paris and a number of anonymous writers, have also left their mark on the Aurora, but in the Books of Kings nobody has ever been more prolific and more faithful to the biblical narrative than the unknown Al.

16 G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

EDITION

P = Paris, Bibliotheque nationale de France lat. 13050

Book I

Addition I.1 (fol. 32va-b): fourteen verses added after v. 264 in Beichner's edition of Liber prim us Regum (Aurora 1 :257); no attribution.

(l Reg 14: 13-22) Jonathan and his annor-bearer attack the Philistines in their own camp and kill twenty men. As a result, Saul joins in the battle and a great victory is won: (~he a~dition is followed in the Aurora by 1 Reg 14:24-30, the story of Saul forbIddmg hIS troops to eat anything until the end of the day.)

5

10

Accidit ut Ionathas ac armiger eius ad hostem Irent, ascendunt alta, manu, pedibus.

Mira Deus fecit, hunc hostes ante cadebant Armiger attonitos percuciebat eos.

Predans obstupuit omnis populus stacionis, Quod cito uiginti sic periere uiri.

Turbantur castra, speculator nunciat ista; Armigemm, Ionathan noscit abesse Saul.

,

Crescit paulatim populi resonatque tumultus, Illuc conueniunt Israel atque Saul.

Cedes magna nimis furit in certamine, nempe Verterat in socium quisque suum gladium.

Qui fuerant istis mixti glomerantur Hebrei Quosque latere timor fecerat, adueniunt.

4 percuciebat COl'!'. e percusciebat P 11 Cedes corr. e se des P

(al. man. in marg.) 2 Primi Regum, 14 caput

fol. 32vb

Addition I.2 (fol. 34va-b): fifty verses added after v. 574 in Beichner's edition (Aurora 1 :270); with "Alotus" in the left margin where the addition starts and "Petms" in the right margin where Riga's text resumes. The eight verses f~llowing this addition-the final verses of Rig a's Liber primus Regum-provl~e typological interpretations. Since vv. 13-50 of the addition cover 2 Reg 1, It would have been more logical to place them at the beginning of Riga's Liber secundus Regum, which starts with 2 Reg 2.

. vv. 1-8 (l Par 10:8-14). After the battle the PhiIistines find Saul's body and take hIS head and annor to the temple of Dagon. The warriors of Jabesh-gilead take his body back in order to bury it. (The same story is told in 1 Reg 31 :8-13.)


vv. 9-12 (1 Par 10:13-14). These verses give the reasons for Saul's death: he did not follow God's command and asked advice from a seer.

vv. 13-50 (2 Reg 1). David learns that Saul and Jonathan are dead and laments their demise.

AIDtus Mane Phylistei cesos hostes spoliantes Inuenire Saul atque tulere caput;

Inque suo fano semauemnt illius arma Et circumlatum deposuere caput.

5 Ecce uiri Galaad fortes uirtute Saulis Corpus cum natis nocte tulere Iabes.

Ignibus55 urentes septem ieiunare diebus, Donec sub quercu contegerentur humo.

Sic obit ergo Saul propter peccata superbus 10 Et quia mandatum preteriit Domini.

A phytonissa quesiuit et ipse futura Et non in Domino spes sua firma fuit.

Ex Amalech cede uictor Dauid adueniebat Perque dies binos manserat in Sicelech.

15 Ecce caput iuuenis conspersus puluere uenit Atque Dauid pronus concidit ante pedes.

Quesitus dixit quod tristia prelia fugit, Cum natisque Saul cormit et populus.

Mercedem sperans miscet mendatia ueris, 20 Adiungens haste quod Saul incubuit

Atque timens hostes ait ut se morte feriret, Armillam cuius ac diadema tulit.

His Dauid auditis illum iubet ense necari Credens quod cristum perculerit Domini.

25 Ergo Dauid plangens defunctos uoce lugubri In Iuda disci precipit et recoli:

"Israel illustres super altos Gelboe montes Sunt interfecti; quomodo f0l1is obit

cesos Co/'!'. e cecos P 6 Iabes] ci(uitatem) Slip. !in. annotat P 7 ignibus al. man. in lIIarg. P 22 tulit] tu1i Co/T. e tu lit P

(al. man. in marg.) 1 31 caput 12 Causa mortis Saulis 16 Dauid

55 The justification for the adoption of "ignibus" is found in 1 Reg 12: "eombuserunt ea" (se. eadauera).

18 G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

Non mandetur Geth, neque norint Ascalonite; 30 Incircumcisi filia non canat hinc,

Nee ros nee pluuie ueniant in Gelboe montes, Eius primitie non oriantur agris.

In te proiecta sunt, Gelboe, fortia scuta Et Saul, heus, oleum nonne liniuit eum?

35 Non est conuersa, Ionatha, tua retro sagitta, Nee rediit uacuus cede Saul gladius.

Omnibus hii cari uiuebant atque decori Valde, sic nee mors improba separat hos.

Plus aquila celeres fuerant, plusquam leo fortes: 40 Quomodo sunt strati, quomodo fortis obit!

Israel 0 nate, lacrimas effundite; uobis Ornamenta dabat deliciosa Saul.

Gelboe, nonne tuis Ionathas est cesus in altis? Frater mi, de te condoleo, Ionatha.

45 Pulcher eras ac plus mulieris amandus amore, Vt natus matri sic mihi carus eras.

Quomodo robusti ceciderunt cede perempti Armorumque ualor quomodo deperiit!"

Deinde uiris Galaad benedicens federa mandat 50 Et quod pro meritis digna referret eis. Petrus Flesse Dauid ... (Aurora, v. 575).

47 ceciderunt iter. et COlT. P

(al. man. in marg. ) 31 Malediccio Gelboe 33 Lamentacio Dauid

Book II

fol. 34vb

Addition ILl (fol. 35va): eight verses added after v. 136 in Beichner's edition of Liber secundus Regum (Aurora 1 :276); no attribution.

(2 Reg 9) David shows kindness to Jonathan's crippled son Mephibosheth. (The addition is followed in the Aurora by 2 Reg 10.)

Precipit inquiri Dauid haut oblitus amoris, Si quis de Ionathe prole superstes erat.

Nutrix Mifiboseth, audita morte Saulis Et Ionathe, fugiens cum puero cecidit.

haut sup. lin. P : haud in marg. P


5 Rune inopem, claudum mandans rex contulit illi Omnia, que fuerant patris auique sui,

Et propria mensa cum natis sumat ut escas Ichonomumque Sybam qui sua prouiderat.

19

Addition 11.2 (fol. 36rb): sixteen verses added after v. 246 in Beichner's edition (Aurora 1 :280); with "AI." between the two columns of the text where the addition begins and "Pe." between the columns where Riga's text resumes.

vv. 1-8 (2 Reg 15:18-37). David flees from Jerusalem. vv. 9-16 (2 Reg 16:1-4). Mephibosheth's servant Ziba betrays him.

AI. Sexcentisque uiris hunc ex Geth urbe secutis Ac Ethai, cui rex consulit, noluit hie

Ire retro dicens uite mortique paratum Se fore pro rege, preteriitque Cedron.

5 Vallabant regem Cerethi Felethique; referre Archam Ierusalem rex iubet Abiathar

Atque Sadoch, Cusai que regis discet in aula Vt sibi notificent Achmiaas, Ionathan.

Dum sic aufugeret rex, uenit xenia portans 10 In binis asinis obuius ecce Siba:

Bis centum panes, centum massas palatarum Ac uue totidem uascula bina meri.

Rex de Mifiboseth querit. Respondit: "In urbe Est, sibi proponens restitui regimen."

15 Rex uerbis serui deceptus dixit iniqui: "Que dederam domino, sint tua cuncta, tuo."

Pe. Dumque Dauid graditur ... (Aurora, v. 247).

4 preteriit COl'!'. e preque P 16 domino iter. et COlT. P

Addition 11.3 (fols. 36va and 36vb-37ra): thirty-eight verses added after v. 246 in Beichner's edition (Aurora 1 :282); with "Al15tus" in the left margin of fol. 36va where the addition begins and "Petrus" in the left margin on fol. 36va where Riga's text resumes. In the manuscript, vv. 29-38 are not copied immediately after vv. 1-28 but after v. 336 in Beichner's edition. This mistake was corrected by a note between the columns on fol. 37r, written in a different hand. Aegidius also has an addition of six verses here (see Beichner, Aurora 1 :282).

~I

I i %1

i! ~

20 G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

(2 Reg 19) 10ab accuses David for grieving excessively for Absalom and for abandoning his followers. Meanwhile, the people of Israel decide to call the king back, but he prefers to be called back by the people of ludah who are his closer kin. The Israelites are not happy about this outcome but have no say in the matter. (The addition is followed by 2 Reg. 20 in Riga's text.)

Al15tus Absalon extinctum plangente Dauid quasi uictus Declinat populus; huic ait ergo Ioab:

"Confundis seruos hodie, confundis amicos. Hunc etiam, qui te ledit et odit, amas.

5 Absalon ostendis quoniam tibi uita placeret Et de principibus non tibi cura tuis.

Pro cedens igitur populo plaudendo satisfac; Si non feceris hoc, ilico te fugiet."

Surgit et in porta residet, populus uenit illuc; 10 Israel aufugiens ad sua tecta redit.

Dicunt alterutrum: "Rex nos saluare solebat." Cons ilium capiunt ut redeant ad eum.

Istud comperiens Dauid, ut se primo reducat, Ad Iudam mittit Sadoch et Abiathar.

15 Vndique conueniunt; Iudas in Galgala uenit, Vt cito Iordanis per uada ducat eum.

Hos Siba preuenit cum natis quinque decemque, Preuenit et Semei qui maledixit ei.

Obsecrat admissi ueniam quia penitet inde, 20 Dat rex et iurat non morietur ob hoc.

Squalidus et barba non tonsa, uesteque scissa Aduenit et nudis Mifiboseth pedibus.

Rex querit quare secum non uenerit ante; "Me spreuit seruus", intulit ille, "meus.

25 Sed, rex, contra te quid possum uociferari? Non posset fieri iusta querela mea."

Tunc rex: "Quid loqueris? Quod dixi noscito fixum: Tu, Siba diuidite predia pacifice."

Ai. Vir quoque de Rogelim Berzellai nomine regi, 30 Dum foret in Castris, xenia multa dedit.

Hinc transduxit eum Iordanis flumine quem rex Pro requie uoluit ducere Ierusalem.

fol. 36vb

1 plangente Dauid in marg. P Dauid sup. lin. P 11 dicunt COlT. e credit P 12 redeant COlT. e rediant P man. in marg. P 29 Vir ... regi al. man. in raslIra P

10 redit Co/T. e dicunt P 27-28 Tunc ... pacifice al.

T

b


Noluit ire simul, sed erat Camaa sibi natus; Hunc secum duxit rex pietate patris.

35 Iudas et media pars Israel ad uada iuncta Transierant, sequitur accelerans reliqua.

Iurgatur multum sine se regem fore ductum; Iudas respondit durius inde sibi. 56

(pet)rus Iamque tribus ... (Aurora, v. 287).

21

fol. 37ra

Addition HA (fol. 37ra): ten verses added after v. 306 in Beichner's edition (Aurora 1 :283); with "Al." between the two columns on fol. 36vb. This addition was again wrongly copied on fol. 37ra, immediately following lines 29-38 of the previous addition. The error must have been spotted in the process of copying because the reference to the right place on the previous column is written on a line in the body of the text. The scribe started writing the verse (v. 307 in Beichner-"Sequitur 'Marte Philistei' ... "), realized the error, and finished the line with "in columna precedente." A cross in the margin marks this line and its twin in the preceding column. In contrast, he did not realize that the words "Post' crucifixa domus '" at the beginning of the addition were actually words of instruction about where it had to be copied and mistakenly included the phrase in the actual verse. It should be noted that the phrase "in columna precedente" is written in a cursive hand that is different from the script used for the main text; this, however, does not preclude that both were written by the same scribe. It is conceivable that when he realized his error, the scribe simply finished the line in a more rapid, cursive hand.

(2 Reg 21 :2-14) David saves 10nathan's son Mephiboseth when the Amori~es demand seven male descendents of Saul to be handed over to them. (The addition is followed by 2 Reg 21:15 in Riga's text.)

(Cessat quando Saul est crucifixa domus [Aurora, v. 306].) Cum Iosue caperet terras, hOlum genitores

Plebis Amorrec reliquie fuerant. 57

Israel his tunc iurauit quod non morerentur, Sed quasi pro zelo morte ferire Saul.

5 Hos uoluit, petit ergo Dauid quid ob hoc sibi uellent; Mifiboseth saluum reddidit ob Ionathan.

caperet] carperet COlT. e caperet P

56 Between the two columns of fo!' 37r appears "Sequitur 'Tandem pax etc.' 'Iamque tribus etc.'" (see Aurora, v. 287). "Iamque tribus etc." makes sense, but not "Tandem pax etc."

57 For vv. 1-2 of the addition, see also Joshua 9.

5

10

22

10

G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

Illius ex stirpe septem querunt sibi tradi; Ossa peremptorum colligit ergo Dauid

Et Saul et Ionathe, fecitque pie sepeliri Beniamin in terra Cis patris ad tumulum.

Matte Philistei ... (Aurora, v. 307).

Addition II.5 (fol. 37ra): prose, added after v. 336 in Beichner's edition (Aurora I :284); attributed to "AI." between the two columns on fol. 36vb with "Pe." written in the left margin on fol. 37r where Riga's text resumes. '

(2 Reg 23:8-39) The names ofDavid's warriors.

Dauid princeps inter tres qui octingentos occidit impetu uno. Eleazar filius patrui eius Ahoi inter tres fortes qui erant cum Dauid. Hic percuss it Philisteos, donec obrigesceret manus eius cum gladio. Semma qui tutus est contra Phylisteos; ager erat plenus lente. Tres qui attulerunt Dauid aquam de cisterna Bethleem euntes per media castra Philistei: Abysai princeps de tribus trecentos occidit, Banaias auricularius Dauid qui occidit duos leones et descend it ad leone~ in cisterna et ad uirum Egyptium, spectaculo dignum, cum uirga et extorslt hastam illius, qua eum occidit. Tamen usque ad tres primos non uener~t Asahel, frater Ioab. Inter triginta Eleanam filius patrui eius, Semma, Hehc.a, Hel~s, H~ra, Abiezer, Mobannai, Salmon, Maharai, Heled, Hittai, B~nat, Hedat, Ablalbon, Azmaheth, Heliab, Ionathan et Ara, Semma, Hayam, Ehfelech, Helyam, Esrai, Pharai et Gaal, Bonni, Selech, Natharai armiger Ioab, Hira, Gareb, Vrias Etheus sequitur.

2 Ahoi COl'!'. ex Adhoi inter tres P 4 ager erat scripsi : agitur P

BookIII

Addition IIU (fol. 37va-b): thirty-two verses added after v. 16 in Beichner's edition of Liber tertius Regum (Aurora 1 :288); there is no "AI." where the addition starts, but "Pe." is written between the two columns where Riga's text resumes, and the line before this reads "Sequitur 'cumque patris iussu et cetera, '" which is indeed the beginning of Riga' s text. This line which is included in the actual body of the text, is accompanied in the right ~argin by the word "Textus," written in a cursive hand. This looks again like a note left for the ~cribe in ?rder f?r him to incorporate the addition in the right place, but agam he reahzed thls too late and copied the instructions as part of the poetic text (see Addition IIA above).


vv. 1-4 (3 Reg 1:46-53). Solomon becomes king; he spares the life of his older brother Adonijah.

vv. 5-10 (3 Reg 2: 17-27). Adonijah wants to marry Abishag and Solomon orders his death.

vv. 11-16 (3 Reg 2:5-9). Before his death David gives tells Solomom how to punish his enemies and how to reward those who have been loyal to him.

vv. 17-30 (3 Reg 2:28-46). Solomon follows David's advice.

Noscens quod Salomon est factus rex, Adonias Fugit ad aItare cede perire timens.

Educi faciens propriam rex misit ad edem; "Sique bonus fueris, non morieris," ait.

5 Querere Bersabee precibus post tempore pauco Fecit, ut uxorem det sibi rex, Abysac.

"Postulet et regnum," dixit rex ac Banaie Precipit ut properans ense trucidet eum.

Post hec Abyathar parcens, qui fauerat illi, lODe regno, templi pellit ab officio.

Iusserat ante pater, quia cede peremerat Abner Ac Amasiam, cede perire Ioab.

Iussit et ut meritum natis Berzellai reddat Et det eis semper regia mensa cibos.

15 Iussit et ut Semei non inpunitus abiret, Dum foret in Castris qui male dixit ei.

Ergo Ioab fugiens, quoniam partes Adonye Fouerat, altaris cornua stricta tenet.

Vt perimatur, ibi mitt it Salomon Banaiam; 20 Ceditur inque domo fit tumulus propria.

Pro Ioab efficitur princeps equitum Banaias, Pontificem Salomon precipit esse Sadoch.

Inde uocat Semei, iubet ut non exeat urbem, Sed statuens edem Ierusalem mane at.

25 Paruit hic regi non egrediens tribus annis, Ecce sui serui confugiunt ad Achis.

Persequitur, rediit; Salomon uocat, increpat illum Nam que preteriit, sponte sua pepigit.

est Slip. !in. P 12 Amasiam] faceret add. P 17 Adonye] fouerat add. et del. P Versus 21-22 post uersulI/ 30 male posuit P 21 esse cO/'/'. e rem P

(al. man. in marg.) 5 2 c(aput) 22 3 c(aput)

24

30 Pe.

G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

Sic transgressorem Banaiam cedere ius sit' Paret et aggreditur atque tmcidat eum. '

Cumque patris iussu . .. (Aurora, v. 17).

fo1. 37vb

Addition III.2 (fo1. 38rb): six verses added after v. 126 in Beichner's edition of (Aurora 1 :292); attributed to "AI." between the two columns on fo1. 38ra with "Pe." written where Riga's text resumes. '

(3 Reg 6:1) In the fourth year of his reign Solomon begins work on the Temple.

AI.

5

Pe.

lam pertransierat quadringentesimus annus Ac octoginta preteriere simul,

Ex quo progenies Iacob Egyptum derelinquit Pergens cum Moyse precipiente Deo.

Anno sub quarto Salomonis, mense secundo Ipse Dei cepit edificare domum.

Templum rex Salomon ... (Aurora, v. 127).

2 octoginta scripsi : lxxxx P

(al. man. in marg.) 4 de templo c(aput) 5

Addition IlI.3 (fol. 39ra): eighteen verses added after v. 256 in Beichner's edit~on of (Aurora 1 :297); with "AI." in the left margin where the addition begms and "Pe." where Riga's text resumes. Aegidius also has an addition here, eight verses long (see Beichner, Aurora 1 :297).

(3 ~eg. 11: 1 ~26) Three men rebel against Solomon: Hadad, King of Edom; Rezon, Kmg ofSyna; and Solomon's official Jeroboam.

AI.

5

10

Quando Ioab percussit Edom sex mensibus instans Pamus ad Egypti regna profugit Adad.

Tunc adiit regem regalis seminis idem Qui terram tribuit huic sociisque suis.

Ac tantum memit gratus fieri pharaoni, Regine soror ut sponsa sibi fieret.

Audiit hic dormisse Dauid, Ioab esse peremptum, Ac a rege petit ad patriam reditum.

Rex precibus uictus tandem concedit, at ille Adueniens post hec Syria regna tenet.

5 gratus] meruit add. et del. P 10 tenet COlT. e tuum P

, fol. 39ra

b


Fugerat Adadezer Razon58 princepsque latronum Factus erat, Soba percuciente Dauid.

Rii conscendemnt habitauemntque Damasco Ac illum regem constituere sibi.

15 Ambo perturb ant Salomonem tempore cuncto, Israel affligunt ex odio ueteri.

Necnon Iheroboam sapiens fOliisque potensque, Rex quia constmxit Mello, rebellat ei.

Pe. Quod rex inueniat ... (Aurora, v. 257).

11 Adadezer scripsi : Adazezer al. mall. P Razon scripsi : om. P Dauid al. man. P Soba scripsi : Sobal al. man. P 16 ueteri al. man. P ci(uitatem) Slip. lill. allnotat P

25

12 Factus ... 18 Mello]

Addition IlIA. On fols. 39rb-40ra, after v. 270 in Beichner's edition, P has the addition by Aegidius 1 edited by Beichner (Aurora 1 :298-99): "Sustinet in reditum morituri temp ora regis"59 (two verses) + "Interea Salomon sapiente peritior omni"60 (thirty-four of the thirty-six verses). Aegidius moved Riga's Cantica Canticorum here, but Liber tertius Regum continues uninterrupted inP.

Addition IlL5 (fols. 39va--40ra): added after verse 302 in Beichner's edition (Aurora 1 :300). There are many short passages marked alternately with "AI." and "Pe." It is interesting that the verses marked with "Pe." belong, according to Beichner, to the first redaction of Aegidius (see vv. 15-66 of the addition after v. 302). The expansions attributed to Al. amount to eighteen verses, and the whole addition is seventy verses long. I provide the entire text for the reader's convenience, with the verses by Petms/Aegidius printed in italics.

vv. 1-2 (3 Reg 12:21-24). vv. 3-5 (3 Reg 14:25-28). VV. 6-10 (3 Reg 14:21 and 14:30-31). VV. 11-16 (3 Reg 15:1-14). VV. 17-18 (3 Reg 15:16-21). VV. 19-20 (3 Reg 15:2 and 15:23). VV. 21-22 (3 Reg 15:9). VV. 23-30 (3 Reg 15:24-30).

58 "Adadezer" - accusative; "Razon" - nominative. 59 This verse shows the following variations in P: "Sustinet interdum moriendi temp ora re

gis." In the right margin by the verse the annotation "Fuga in Egyptum" is added in a different hand.

60 Again variations are present: "Preterea Salomon sapienti promptior omni."

26 G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

VV. 31-32 (3 Reg 15:33-34). VX. 33-40 (3 Reg 16:1-11). VV. 41-42 (3 Reg 16:15). VV. 43-46 (3 Reg 16:21-22). VV. 47-48 (3 Reg 16:17-18). VV. 49-50 (3 Reg 16:25-28). VV. 51-52 (3 Reg 16:24). VV. 53-64 (3 Reg 16:29-34). VV. 65-70(3 Reg 17:1-6).

AI. Belligeri Roboam tribubus bis quinque parabat, Sed uetuit Deus regna secare nolens.

5

Pe.

AI. 10 Pe.

15

AI.

20 Pe.

Templi tesauros et regis et aurea scuta, Que fecit Salomon, rex tulit inde Sesac;

Erea restituit, que preferri sibi fecit, Semper Iheroboam bella mouens Roboam. 61

Sic igitur denos et septem clauserat annos Rex Roboam, cum lux ultima clausit eum.

Stirpis Amanites fuit eius Naama mater Et cum Iheroboam prelia multa tulit.

Post Roboam regni suscepit Abia coronam Facta paterna sequens, ydola uana colens.

Debita dat morti, cum regnasset tribus annis, Et successit ei filius Asa suus,

Qui Domini cultu sordes exterminat, aras Destruit, excelsa non tamen ille tulit.

Infestauit eum Baasa, rex Israelita, Sed tractus donis repulit hunc Benadab.

Inde senex factus langore pedum cruciatur; Eiusdem genitrix Maacha dicta fuit.

Hic in Ierusalem regnasse decem quater annis Dicitur ac uno, plurima recta gerens.

Debita dat morti post inclita prelia, regni Suscepit Iosaphat filius eius honus.

fo1. 39vb

2 1 belligeri] intellege belligerari parabat scripsi : peralat P 4 inde COlT. P 7 sic igitur] in Iuda Beichner 8 lux Beichner: lex P 15 cultu] cultor Beichner 19 langore sC/'ipsi : longore COl'/'. e longiore P 21 decem Slip. fin. P. 22 recta COl'/'. e tecta P

(al. man. in marg.) 7 Roboam moritur 11 Abya rex 14 Asa rex 24 Iosaphat

61 Verses 5-6, "restituit ... Roboam," are connected with construe signs.


25 Natus Ieroboam Nadab super Israel, Ase Post annum62 primum, cepit honore frui,

Qui patris acta sequens, rex annis pene duo bus Perdurans, Baase fraude peremptus obit.

Factus rex Baasa, iuxta Sylonitis Abye 30 Verbum Ieroboam percutit ense domum.

Hic fui! in Thersa rex annis bis duodenis Non tamen impletis, pessima nulla cauens.

Vnde propheta Iheu Domini sermone minatur Vindictam, sed eum rex ferus inde ferit.

35 Hic abUt, post hunc regnat Helafilius eius Et regnans annis iste duobus obit.

Zamri dux equitum necat hunc eiusque cruorem Illius hasta bibit, dum bibit ipse merum.

Fit rex, ocGisi solium conscendit et omnem 40 Sanguineo Baase percutit ense domum.

Non nisi septenis regnans in Thersa diebus Extitit, agnouit Israel eius opus.

AI. Thebni pars populi uoluit regnare, sed Amri Altera constituit, denique preualuit.

Pe. Thebis obit, regnat Amri qui clarus in armis, Qui jlos militie uirque peritus era!.

Obsidet hic Zamri; timet hic, fugit hinc, sub it aulam, Tradit eamjlammis seque domumque suam.

Porro Deum spernens Amri super Israel annis 50 Bis sex regnauit et nece dignus obit. AI. Emerat ante tamen, ubi structa Samaria, montem;

Rinc Somer argenti bina talenta tulit. Pe. Filius eius Aab regnat super Israel, annis

Iste bis undenisfunctus honorefuit.

27

28 Baase] Baasa Beichner 29 factus rex] rex factus Beichner Abye] Ahie Beichner 31 hic] qui Beichner bis Slip. fin. P 35 regnat in marg. P Hela cOl:r. e Helena P 37 necat] ferit Beichner 38 ipse] ille Beichner 40 Baas.e perc~tl~] Baasa demetit Beichner 45 regnat co/'/'. e regnans P Thebis ... Amri] Amn conSt1~lt regem Beichner 46 uirque] quique Beichner 47 hinc] hic Beichner 51 Samana] ci(uitas) Slip. lino annotat P 52 Somer] no(men) ca(racteris) Slip. lin. annotat P

(al. man. in marg.) 25 Aze Nadab 29 Baasa 36 Helia 39 Zamry 40 (Baase) patris Helie

62 Verses 25-26, "Ase ... annum," are connected with construe signs.

: ,

28

55

60

65

70

G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

Omne scelus regum, qui precessere, peregit Condempnans iustos iustiflcansque reos.

Filia Methabaal regis Sydonis adorans Ydola Iezabel sponsa uocatur Aab.

Hic lucum plantat Domini contemptor, abhorrens Seruitium Domini thuriflcansque Baal.

Ediflcans Ayel Iherico construxit in eius Tempore, qui Iosue uerba seuera luit.

Filius eius obit prim us, dum construit urbem; Dum portas ponit, ultimus eius obit.

Mox ait Helyas ad Aab: "Ros non tibifiet De celo, donec stillet ab ore meo. "

Precipit Helye Deus hec: "Abscondere degens In torrente Carith; confluet esca tibi.

Te dape pascet ibi coruorum cura ministrans; Panes et cames uespere, mane feret. "

fo1. 40ra

55 reregit] reatu Beichner 56 condempnans iustos] precessit peccans Beichner 57 filial natam Beichner Methabaal Beichner: Methabaa P Sydonis] sibi iunxit Beichner 58 Iezabel] no (men) ca(racteris) sup. fin. annotat P uocatur Aab] uocata fuit Beichner 59 hic lucum plantat] iste Baal seruit Beichner 61 eius] Aab scilicet inter columnas annotat P 63 constmit] construxit Beichner

Addition III.6 (fo1. 40ra-b): twenty-eight verses added after v. 328 in Beichner's edition (Aurora 1 :302), of which the last two (vv. 27-28) replace Riga's vv. 329-30; with "Al." in the left margin where the addition begins and "Pe." between the two columns where Riga's text resumes. Aegidius also has an addition here, ten verses long (see Beichner, Aurora 1 :302).

(3 Reg 18:2-40) While looking for food, Obadiah meets Elijah and tells him that hi~. enemy Kin.g Ahab is looking evelywhere for him. When Elijah and Ahab meet, EI1Jah urges hIm to come to Mount Carmel with 450 prophets of Baal. A contest ensues. The worshippers ofBaal pray to him to light the sacrificial fire but to no avail. Elijah prays to God and succeeds. The false prophets are killed.

AI.

5

Vrget magna fames; uadunt, ut pascua querant Abdias et Aab quisque uia propria.

Abdie centum pascenti pane prophetas Helyas monitis obuiat ecce Dei.

Indicat Abdias in terram pronus adorans Quod rex per seruos querat ubique uirum.

Ille refert hodie regem properando uidere Et sic accinctus accelerauit iter.

fo1. 40rb

10

15

20

25

Pe.


Rex ait huic: "Es tu qui turbas Israelitas?" Respondit: "Sed tu qui mala sacra litas.

Fac quadringentos et quinquaginta prophetas Scandere Carmellum sacrificare bouem.

Illum de celo descendens si uorat ignis, Fient sola tua numina digna coli.

Et si me Deus exaudit in igne superno, Credatis uero tuque tuique Deo."

Approbat hec omnis populus, bos traditur illis, Ad Baalim clamant, ignis ut urat eum.

Transiliunt aram proprium fundendo cruorem; Helyas ridet, uox quia nulla sonat.

Inde uocat populum reparans altare struensq~e Lignorum ponens mundaque membra bOUlS.

Post hec fecit aquam supra fundi uice trina, In gyrum sulcos illa replet geminos.

Bis ita completis ac ad Dominum prece fusa Desuper ignis adest cunctaque structa uorat.

Helyas populo Domino credente prophetas Occidit Baalim cooperante Deo.63

Per Dominum seruum ... (Aurora, v. 331).

29

6 uirum] .i. Heliam sup. !in. annotat P 13 descendens COlT. e desc~n.d~t P 18 eum] bouem annotat P 28 Occidit Baalam cooperante Deo] uel Omnes occIdlt lstud agente Deo

in marg. add. P

(al. man. in marg.) 6 Abdyas prophetat 18 c(aput) ficium Helye de boue mundo

17 Hiis contestacio 22 Sacri-

Addition III.7 (fol. 40va): four verses added after v. 332 in Beichner's edition (Aurora 1 :303); no attribution.

(3 Reg 18:41-46) The long drought comes to an end.

Carmelum scandit imbremque dari petit orans; Regi mandat Aab ut pluuiam fugiat..

Iezrahel uenit hic imbre ruente procelhs Anteque precinctus uir graditur Domini.

(al. man. in marg.) Imber rogatus ab Helya 18

63 The alternative verse is from the Aurora (see Beichner, Aurora 1:303" v. 330).

.1 '"I!

30 G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

Ad.dition HI.8 (fols. 40rb-40va): thi _ BelChner's edition (Aurora 1 :303); attr%ut~~Ot ~~rse,~ added after v. 338 in foI. 40rb, but there is no "Pe" wh R' , 0 AI. between the columns on

. ere Iga s text resumes.

(3 Reg 19:1-18) Threatened by Jezebel El" h the wilderness. Food is provI'ded ~ h' b' IJa flees first to Beersheba and then to

101' Im y an angel El" h 11 where he complains to God that 11 h' h . . lJa . wa (s to Mount Horeb, alive. God instructs Elijah to ret:rn ~~ p~~~::~ ar: killed, wIth him bei.ng the last one Jehu as kings and Elisha as prophet in his 0 us, there he h~s to anomt Hazael and people who did not bow to Baal . wn place. The lIves of seven thousand 3 Reg 19:19 in the final fourvers::

e ~~~g ~o b~ s~ared: (This addition is followed by o Iga s Libel tertIUs Regum, vv. 339-42.)

AI. Iezabel per Aab que fecerat ille prophetis N~scens,. mandat ei quod sibi sic faceret.

5

10

15

20

25

Ille timens m Bersabee uenit fugiendo Et deserta petens liquit ibi puerum'

Vniusque uia pergendo per illa diei ' A Domino petiit ut moreretur ibi.

Et cum iuniperi recubans dormiret in umb Al' ra, ~ge u~ excltat hunc et monet ut comedat.

Vas muelllt aque, panem quoque subcineratum' Indeque se sacians membra soporat item '

Ang~lus ecc.e redit, iubet ut comedat, quia ~rande . lIh restat Iter; sanctus ob edit ei.

SlCque quaterdenis constanter eundo dieb H . tu 'b' us ac Ulr te Cl I celsa petiuit Oreb.

Speluncam subiit, quid agat uox celica dixit Respondet: "Sanctos interemere tuos '

Et tua fr~g~~unt altaria, me quoque querunt." y ~x mt: Egr~dere stansque nichil metuas.

Spmtus ecce Del transit fOliissimus altos Subuerten~ montes, comminuens lapides:

Non ta~e~ hlC ~ominus; et post commotio: nec tunc' . ~ost l~lllS uelllet: non in eo Dominus. '

Slbtlus hmc aure tenuis flabit: Deus ecce." H~lyas uultum contegit egrediens.

Vox lterum querit quid agat; respondit ut ante Et quod zelatus pro Domino fuerit.

8 comedat co,,/,. e comodat P

fol. 40va

(al. man. in marg.) 1 Iezabel 2 19 c(aput) comedit 13 xl die bus 23 Dominus cum sibilo 7 Helyas sub iunipero dormit et

25 xix c(aput)

I I b


Precipit huic Deus properanter adire Damascum, Vngat ut Azahel, Syrica terra, tibi,

Bis quinis tribubus Iheu, post hec Helyseum 30 Ipsi qui famulus postque propheta foret,

Vindictam Domino qui sumant de sceleratis; Milia sed septem non coluere Baal.

(aI, man. in marg.) 30 xx c(aput)

31

Addition III.9 (40va-41ra): 108 verses added after v. 342 in Beichner's edition (Aurora 1 :303), which is the last verse in Riga's Liber tertius Regum; no

attribution.

vv. 1-2 (3 Reg 19:21). Elijah provides food for the people. vv. 3-40 (3 Reg 20). Benhadad attacks Ahab. When Ahab refuses to meet Ben

hadad's demands, his city is besieged. A prophet tells Ahab that he will win the battle with the help of 232 young soldiers and the 7000 who did not worship Baal. And so he does, but the prophet warns him that Benhadad will be back the following year. Again the victory is given to Ahab with God's help, and a treaty is signed.

vv. 41-66 (3 Reg 21). The story ofNaboth's vineyard. vv. 67-108 (3 Reg 22:1-50). Ahab oflsrael and Jehoshaphat of Judahjoin forces

against Benhadad in the battle for Ramoth-gilead, even though the prophet Micaiah predicts a disaster. Ahab is killed despite the fact that he disguised himself for the battle. Jehoshaphat continues to reign in Judah, while Ahab's son (Ahaziah) rules in Israel. Jehoshaphat sends ships to Ophir for gold. Even when they are wrecked, Jehoshaphat refuses to accept help from Ahaziah. Jehoshaphat is succeeded by his son Jehoram.

Ante tamen binos mactare boues properauit, Quos aratro coctos distribuit populo.

Benadab Syrus triginta regibus usus64

Curribus ac multo milite cingit Aab . 5 Vxores, natos, argentum mittat et aUlum

Protinus omne suum mandat, at ille negat; Mandat ne cincto sit gloria, sed resoluto.

Vallari muros ebrius ille iubet.

7 sed scripsi : ceu P

(al. man, in marg.) 3 Achab impugnatur

64 It is worth noting here that the Vulgate says that thirty-two kings, not thirty, marched together with Benhadad. This change is probably dictated by metrical reasons.

I' -.

32

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

Ecce propheta Dei monuit confidere re gem, Hostes nam cuncti subieerentur eis

Per pueros triginta duos pariterque ducentos, Milia per septem non uenerata Baal.

Omnibus egressis prosternitur obuius hostis, Diffugiunt et eos undique cedit Aab.

Currus sternuntur et equi, nulli miseretur; Sie plaga magna Syria percutitur.

Anno uenturo Syros remeare propheta Idem dixit Aab, ut sibi prouideat.

Tempore transacto Benadab congregat hostem Regibus amotis, principibus positis.

Inquid Aab Domini uir quidam: "Syria dicit Quod dii montani prelia nostra iuuant.

Hec dicit Deus: 'Hos in campis nunc tibi tradam, Israel, ut solum noueris esse Deum. '"

Percutiunt igitur tunc centum milia, sternit Viginti septem milia murus Afec. 65

Benadab latet in thalamis uitamque requirit. "Si uiuit, frater est michi", dixit Aab.

Ducitur a seruis ad Aab cunuque leuatur; Que tulerat, reddit; mutua pacta ligant.

Ecce uiro dicit: "Me percute!" Noluit ille. Intulit alter: "Ob hoc te lea percutiet."

Hoc alii dixit qui plage stigmata fecit; Puluere conspersus ille petiuit Aab.

Abstersit uultum sumpto paradigmate, post hec Dixit Aab: "Dominus nuntiat ista tibi:

'Morte uirum dignum quia dimisistis abire, Soluetis penas tu populusque tuus. '

Talia contempnit rex et uerbis his furibundus Regreditur fungens pace domoque sua.

Infra Iezrahel fuit optima uinea Naboth; Hanc commutari rex sibi concupiit.

fol. 40vb

23 nunc scripsi : Olll. P 31 uiro COl'/'. e uir P dicit scripsi : ait co/'/'. ex adiit P

(al. man. in marg.) 9 Propheta asseruit 14 ab uincit 29 pacificitur penam 41 uinea Naboht 42 21 c{aput)

36 nunciat

65 "Afec" - genitive.

50

55

60

65

70


Noluit hie, fit rex ardore cupidinis eger; Querit Iezabel, passio que cruciet.

Ille refert. "Regnum bene tu regis", intulit illa, "Sis constans, ortus, uinea noster erit."

Hec igitur scripsit caliam maioribus urbis Confirmans signa nomine regis Aab:

"Ciuibus accitis ieiunia concelebrate, Naboth consedeat principibus populi.

d· . 66 Postque duos testes ducant: 'Dominum bene lXlt Et regem Naboth.' Tunc lapidetis eum."

His actis ad Aab Iezabel ait: "Cito, surge! Vinea quam queris lib era facta tibi est."

Obuius Helyas illuc occurrit eunti Atque iubente Deo talia dixit ei:

"Hac in parte canes Naboth linxere cruorem Hicque tuum lingent; posteriora metet,

Rex, omnino tua Dominus facietque maligne, Vt fecit domibus Iheroboam, Baase;

Iezabelque canes comedent Iezrahel in agro." Scidit Aab uestem talia uerba timens,

Et ieiunauit et submittens caput iuit, In sacco donnit, aspera uestis inest.

Helyas igitur Domini sermone profatur Eius temporibus hec mala non fieri.

Venit ad hunc Iosaphat post elapsis tribus annis Et Ramoth Galaad ire spopondit Aab.67

Hanc tulerant Syri; Domini sermone requiri Sua sit Aab Iosaphat,68 si uia tuta foret.

Hic quadringentos acciuit pseudoprophetas, Vrbem qui dicunt prosperitate capi.

Tunc suasit Iosaphat regi mandare Micheam; Hunc aduersa sibi dicere semper ait.

49 concelebrate COl'/'. e celebrate P add. et del. P

51 ducant scripsi : dicant P

(al. man. il1l11arg.) 52 Naboth occiditur 56 pena per Helyam

33

fol. 41ra

60 fecit] Dominus

66 "Benedixit" is also used in the scriptural account (see 3 Reg 21:10 and 13) and is to be understood here as "cursed."

67 "Aab" - dative. 68 "Suasit" and "losaphat" are connected with construe signs.

34 G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

75 Deierat adductum rex ipsis dicere uerum; Primo dissimulat, talia deinde refert:

"Vidi dispersos in montibus Israelitas, Errantes ut oues opilione carent."

Percutit hunc igitur Sedechias pseudopropheta; 80 "Cur cernes, ista cum latitabis?", ait.

Carcere serum'i rex hunc precepit, at ille: "Si cum pace redis, non ait ista Deus."

"Principio belli regales indue uestes", Dixit Aab Iosaphat;69 exuit ipse suas.

85 Porro Syrorum rex primo cuique suorum Iusserat ut soli bella moueret Aab.70

Insultant Iosaphat71 cunus Aab esse putantes, Sed, dum proclamat, Hico diffugiunt.

Ecce sagitta uolans et fortuitu iaculata 90 Pulmoni, stomacho noxia ledit Aab.

Se iubet educi, stat contra prelia, sanguis Effluit in curru, uespere mortuus est.

Nuntia fama uolat; dum sol perdurat, ubique Preco personuit ut sua quisque petat.

95 Dum piscina lauat sordes currus et habenas, Has linxere canes; sic tumulatur Aab.

Vrbes extruxit, edem quoque fecit eburnam; Suscepit regni filius eius honus.

Eiusdem quarto Iosaphat regnauerat anno, 100 Annis bis denis quinque simul tenuit.

Quod Domino placuit faciens dampnauit ephebos, Non excels a tamen abstulit a populo.

Miserat hic in Ophyr classes ut sumeret aurum, Sed contriuit eas turbo, pro cella maris.

105 Natus Aab rursus petit addi, noluit il~t;(; Ipsius genetrix Azuba dicta fuit.

80 latitabis cO/'/'. e latabis P 103 miserat scripsi : myserat P

(al. man. in marg.) 91 Aab moritur 96 3 Reg. 22

69 "Iosaphat" - dative. 70 "Aab" - dative ("to fight only against Ahab"). 71 "Iosaphat" - genitive.

97 ultimo capitulo

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DormiC2 in urbe Dauid felix et pace potitus, Sucessitque Ioram filius eius ei.

108 Sucessitque ... ei al. man. P

(al. man. in marg.) 108 xii annorum Ioram

Book IV

Finis lib. 3 Regum

35

Addition IV.1 (fol. 41rb). The first line of Liber quartus Regum in Beichner's edition (Aurora 1 :305) is modified and expanded to three verses. Even tho~gh the beginning of Liber quartus Regum is marked with "Pe.," the extra hnes are clearly not by Riga and should probably be considered the work of Al.

vv. 1-2 (3 Reg 22:51-53). Ahab's son Ahaziah begins to rule in Israel in the seventeenth year of Jehoshaphat's reign. He remains in power for two years.

Pe. Septeno decimo Iosaphat regnauit in anno Rex Ochozias, fecit et ipse malum.

Postque duos annos quos impleuit super omnem Israhel, a solio lapsus ... (Aurora, v. 2).

4 solio] summo Beichner

(al. man. in marg.) 1 Hic incipit liber 4 Regum 2 Ochosyas rex Israel

Addition IV.2 (fols. 41rh-41va): eight verses added after v. 38 in Beichner's edition Aurora 1 :306); attributed to "AI." between the columns wh~n the addition stmis; when Riga's text resumes we have "Pe." in the left margm.

vv. 1--4 (4 Reg 2,3-6). Elisha refuses to leave Elijah. vv. 5-8 (4 Reg 2:15-17). The prophets venerate Elisha; they look everywhere for

Elijah but to no avail.

AI. Hunc alii raptum sibi predixere prophete; Quod bene sciret, ait, atque silere facit.

Necnon Helyas illi celare uolebat, Linquere sed spreuit hunc Heliseus amans.

5 Dum redit, hunc omnes uelut Helyam uenerantur Dicentes quod sit spiritus eius in hoc. fol. 41 va

Hortantur pariter quod perquiratur ubique; Concedit tandem, non tamen inueniunt.

Pe. Helyas nostrum caput exprimit ... (Aurora, v. 39).

72 Jehoshaphat is the subject.

......

36 G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

Addition IV.3 (fols. 41vb--42ra): fifty-four verses added after v. 106 in Beichner's edition (Aurora 1 :308); with "At" between the columns where the addition starts and "Pe." in the left margin where Riga's text resumes.

vv. 1-24 (4 Reg 3). Jehoram of Judah, Jehoshaphat ofIsrael, and the king of Edom march against the king of Moab through the wilderness of Edom. There is no water for the troops, and the kings ask Elisha's advice. Elisha tells them that everything is in their favour; God will give them not only water but also the victOlY over the Moabites, and this is indeed what happens.

vv. 25-54 (4 Reg 4: 1-37). Elisha multiplies the oil of the poor widow. A rich Shunammite woman prepares a small chamber for Elisha where he could rest whenever he passed through Shunem. As a reward, Elisha predicts that she will give birth to a son, even though she is sterile. The child grows up but one day falls ill and dies. His mother comes to Elisha and begs him for help.

AI. Octauo decimo Iosaphat regnauit in anno Annis bis senis Israhelita Ioram,

Rex Ocozias cum natos non habuisset; Sed non sicut Aab fecit et ipse malum.

5 Vellera, uemeces, agnos ter milia centum Anno Mesa, Moab rex, tribuebat Aab.

Abstulit hec natis; Iosaphat sociare sategit, Vt sibi reddantur cuncta negata, Ioram; 73

Rex simul iuit Edom. Septem deserta diemm 10 Intrant, deficiens excitat unda sitim.

Quemnt cons ilium reges omnes Helysei; Nec respondisset hic,nisi pro Iosaphat.

Psaltecanens inquid: "Torrentis pandite foss as, Mane fluent absque flamine uel pluuia.

15 Ortos cedetis, hostes quoque percutietis, Fontes opprimite, menia destmite."

Terra repletur aquis et surgentes Moabite Videmnt mbras sanguinis instal' aquas.

Conpugnasse putant reges finesque relinquunt 20 Dicentes: "Predam tollere perge, Moab!"

Israel occurrit, prosternunt omnia passim, Diffugiunt, urbis menia Mesa subit.

(al. man. in marg.) 2 Ioram rex

73 Verses 7-8, "sategit ... loram," are connected with construe signs.

fo1. 42ra

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Maiorem natum supra muros holocaustum Offert indignans, Israel inde redit.

25 Clamabat mulier quedam dicens Helyseo: "Mortuus est michi uir qui Dominum timuit.

Cum uero minime sua soluere debita possim, Tollere uult natos creditor ecce duos."

Respondit: "Pande propria tibi quid sit in ede." 30 Hec ait: "Est oleum, quo liniar, modicum."

Cui sanctus: "Vacua pete mutua plurima uasa Atque pamm dicti funde per hec oleL"

Fecit et implentur; Helyseo nuntiat; ille "Vende," refert, "solue; uiuite de reliquo."

35 Vt gustaret, emn tenuit quedam Sunamitis, Transibatque per hanc sepe uir ille Dei.

Illa uiro dixit: "Solium, sellam faciamus; Ponaturque sibi mensa, lucerna, thoms."

More die quadam solito ueniens requieuit 40 Et Giezi dixit ut sibi ducat earn.

Precipit inquiri, si causa foret sibi regi Aut aliis pro qua colloqueretur eis.

Illa negat; Giezi dixit sterilem fore; natum Anno uenturo predicat hanc parere.

45 Nascitur et crescens ad messores patris iuit, Vrit cauma caput, inde fit eger, obit.

Credulla collocat hunc lecto genetrix Helysei Carmelumque petit tuta fauente uiro.

Hanc procul aspiciens Helyseus querere mittit 50 Que uellet; nee enim nota sibi fuerant.

Illa tamen properat, amplexa pedes manu festat; Mittitur ad corpus cum baculo Giezi.

Dicitur ut properet nullumque eundo salutet; Matris ad instinctus uir Domini sequitur.

Pe. Dans famulo baculum ... (Aurora, v. 107).

(al. man. in marg.) 25 4 c(aput) 30 oleum augere

37

Addition IVA (fo1. 42rb): six verses added after v. 120 in Bei~~ner's edition (Aurora 1 :309); with "AI. "between the columns where the addItlOn starts and

"Pe." where Riga's text resumes.

\ 1'1\ \ '

,i

38 G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

(4 Reg 4:42--43) A man brings twenty loaves of barley bread, fresh grain, and some of the first fruits. Elisha orders him to give everything to the people. The man wonders how what he has could be enough for a hundred people, but Elisha tells him that not only will the people have enough but they will also have some food left.

AI. In regione fames erat et panes homo quidam Viginti tulit hinc, ordea quos dederant,

Frumentumque nouum, panes quoque primitiarum. Precepit famu10 distribui populo.

5 Ille, "Viris centum," dixit, "quantum foret istud?" "Da populo," sanctus inquit, "eritque super."

Pe. A Naaman lepram fugat hic ... (Aurora, v. 121).

Addition IV.5 (foI. 42rb): twenty-two verses added after v. 124 in Beichner's edition (Aurora 1 :309); with "AI."between the columns where the addition starts and "Pe." where Riga's text resumes.

vv. 1-18 (4 Reg 5: 14-27). Naaman, cured of his leprosy, offers gifts to Elisha, who refuses them. Elisha's servant Gehazi goes after Naaman and asks for money, pretending that his master had sent him. When asked, Gehazi denies everything. For his dishonorable deeds, Gehazi and his descendents are punished with leprosy.

vv. 19-22 (4 Reg 6:1--4). The prophets ask Elisha to allow them to enlarge their living quarters. He agrees, and they all go to the Jordan.

AI. Mundatus74 sancto grates et munera magna Offert cum precibus, respuit hic penitus.

Postulat ut terre liceat duo pondera ferre, Vt super hanc oret sacrificetue Deo.

5 Innitensque, sibi rex75 cum sua sacra litabit Remmon, ad culpam non reputetur ei.

His sibi concessis Naaman76 cum pace recessit; Post currens Giezi talia dicit ei:

"Ecce prophetarum duo nati nos adierunt. '10 Inde tibi dominus nuntiat ista meus:

'Da duplices uestes hiis argentique talentum.' " Compulit in saccis ut ferat ille duo.

"Vnde uenis?" illi dixit sanctus redeunti; Quod fuerit nullo retulit ille loco.

74 This is Naaman. 75 "Rex" refers to Naaman's master, the king of Aram, who continues to worship the idol

Rimmon. Naaman, who has to accompany the king while he does so, asks to be forgiven for the transgression.

76 Verses 6-7, "ei ... Naaman," are connected with construe signs.

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15 Sanctus, "Numquid," ait, "Naaman occurrere uidi? Munera cepisti, predia diues ernes;

Sed tamen herebit Naaman tibi lepra tuisque. Leprosus quasi nix erit abhinc Giezi."

Stricta prophetarum claudebat mansio natos, 20 Cellas maiores edificare uolunt.

Iordanem pariter patiente petunt Helyseo Inuitantque uirum qui comitatur eos.

Pe. Quidam dum cedit ... (Aurora, v. 125).

(al. man. in 171arg.) 17 Gyezi fit leprosus

39

Addition IV.6 (fols. 42va--43va): 180 verses added after v. 134 in Beichner's edition (Aurora 1 :309); with "AI." in the left margin where the addition starts and "Pe." where Riga's text resumes.

vv. 1-26 (4 Reg 6:8-32). The king of Aram sents his army to capture Elisha, who has repeatedly revealed his plans to the king of Israel. Elisha prays to God; after the enemies are blinded, he leads them into Samaria but forbids the king to kill them. Later Benhadad besieges Samaria. The king becomes angry with Elisha when he hears the story of the woman who ate her own son because of the famine.

vv. 27--40 (4 Reg 7:1-17). Elisha promises that there will be enough food the following day. Four lepers flee to the Aramean camp, which they find deserted. The good news is reported to the king. .

vv. 41-74 (4 Reg 8). The Sunnamite woman, who returns to Samana after seven years, is given back all her possessions. Elisha predicts that Hazael will succeed Benhadad as king of Aram, which he does after killing Benhadad. Both Israel and Judah have a king called Joram, the first the son of Ahab, the latter the son of Jehoshaphat. Edom and Libnah revolt against Judah. Ahaziah, son of Athaliah, takes over in Judah. He joins Joram of Israel in a war against Hazael, during which Joram is woun?ed.

vv. 75-106 (4 Reg 9). Elisha orders a young prophet to take a flask of oil and to anoint Jehu, son of Jehoshaphat, as king over Israel. Jehu and his followers travel to Jezreel where the wounded Joram is resting. Twice Joram asks the approaching party wheth:r they come in peace, twice his messengers do not return. The two sides clash; both Joram and Ahaziah are killed. Jezebel is thrown down from the city wall.

vv. 107-22 (4 Reg 10:6-36). Jehu destroys the entire house of Ahab and forty-two relatives of king Ahaziah of Judah. He also kills all Baal worshipers, but because he does not turn from the sins of Jeroboam, Hazael defeats him. He was king for twenty-

eight years. . . vv. 123--42 (4 Reg 11). In Judah, Athaliah attempts to kill the entire royal family,

but her grandson Joash is saved by her daughter Jehosheba. After six years of hiding, Joash is anointed king by the priest Jehoiada. Athaliah hears the noise, rushes to the

40 G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

temple and is killed by the guards. The house of Baal is destroyed and his priest Mattan is killed.

vv .. 143-54 \4 Reg 12:1-5 and 16-21). Instructed by Jehoiada, Joash does what ,,:as ngh: and tnes to collect money to repair the house of the Lord. The priests keep a big portIOn of the money to themselves. King Hazael is bribed not to advance on Jerusalem.

. vv. 155-80 (4 ~eg 13: 1-20). Jehoahaz, who reigned in Israel for seventeen years, IS succeeded by his son Joash who reigns for sixteen years. The king of Judah, also called Joash, reigns for thirty-seven years. The king of Israel comes to Elisha and is distressed to see him dying. The prophet promises Joash a victory over the Syrians.

AI. Israhel oppugnans rex Syrus sepe para bat Insidias, ut rex abriperetur eis.

Accusabat eas Helyseus semper, at ille Cognoscens misit, ut caperetur homo.

5 Cinxerunt Dothan CUlTUS equitesque; minister Territus his uisis nuntiat hec domino.

"Ne timeas," inquit, "quia plures nos comitantur." Orat et ille uidet ignea castra Dei.

Orat item, ceci fiunt hostes et ad urbem 10 Regis eos ducit, cedere quos petit hic.

"Non", inquit, "bello cepisti, sed saciatos Mitte suo domino." Paruit ille uiro.

Post a Benadab obsessa Samaria longo Tempore crudeli fit cruciata fame.

15 Octoginta quidem nummis asini caput unde Vendebatur ibi, pars quoque quarta fimi

Quinque columbini, quanti cadus accipiebat. Clamauit mulier pretereunte Ioram:

"Hec, 0 rex, mulier dixit: 'Natum comedamus 20 Ante tuum pariter, mane sequente meum. '

Fecimus; hec seruat proprium." Rex rupit amictum Ac infra uestis aspera uisa fuit.

Post hec iratus Helyseo fata minatur, Seruum premittit ipseque subsequitur.

25 Nouerat hec sanctus, senibus quoque dixerat, edis Ostia clauduntur, rex uenit atque sui.

13 obsessa] scripsi : obscessa P 14 crudeli cO/'/'. e creduli P marg. P 15 nummis cO/'/'. e nummus P

(al. man. in marg.) 2 6 c(aput) 20 comederunt puerum in Samaria

9 hostes cecantur 13 7 c(aput)

crudeli al. man. in

16 fames magna

:1

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Sanctus ait: "Mane modium simile77 stater unus Distrahet et duplices78 horde a mane dabunt."

Dux quidam dixit: "Nunquid cell cataracte 30 Ista fluent?" "Cernes," sanctus ait, "nec edes."

Quatuor ergo uiri leprosi confugientes Ad Syros nullum repperiunt hominem.

Fecerat audire currus et equos Deus illos, Dimissisque suis omnibus aufugiunt,

35 Israhel Etheos nam conduxisse putabant Egyptique uiros; irruit inde timor.

Ciuibus hec referunt leprosi rexque suique Scrutata patria diripiunt spolia.

Porro duci regis ab eo custodia porte 40 Traditur et premit hunc turba frequens populi.

Dixit uir Domini supradicte Sunamiti Annis quod septem dira fames ueniat;

Exeat ergo procul, ubi maior copia uictus Paret et elapso tempore sana redit.

45 Rex iubet ut Giezi sibi uirtutes Helysei N arret; adest mulier; rex 79 ut sua dentur ei.

"En", inquit Giezi, "mulier, rex; iste reuixit Natus." Rex seriem querit et illa refert.

Protinus eunucho iussit rex omnia reddi 50 Illis et fructus quos tulerant alii.

Benadab sanctus post egrotante Damascum Venit rexque sciens munera mittit ei.

Si uiuat, querit. "Non", dixit, "sed morieris." Aspicit Azael et rigat80 os lacrimis.

55 Querenti fletus causas ait: "Ob mala que tu Israhel infliges: ense uiros feries,

Vrbes exures, grauidasque secans mulieres Paruos allides, cunctaque diripies.

(al. man. in marg.) 28 larga unctus habundauit lib(er) 4 41 viii c(aput) 44 Sunamitis

77 "Modium simile," a measure of fine flour. 78 "Duplices (stateres)," two small silver coins. 79 I.e., "Rex (iubet)."

31 quatuor leprosi

80 Both "aspicit" and "rigat" refer to Elisha; "Azael" - accusative.

41

fol. 42vb

40 7 c(aput)

42

60

65

70

G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

Demonstrauit enim Deus mihi te fore regem." Hic abiit regi dicere: "Sanus eris."

Mane tulit pannum perfundens fluminis unda, Quo faciem regis texit, at hic moritur.

Natus Aab quinto quo prefuit Israel anno, Regnauit Iosaphat filius equiuocus:

Ambo Ioram dicti. Regnans bis quatuor annis Duxit Aab natam, fecit et ipse malum.

Illius a Iuda discessit tempore Lobna Hocque sibi regem tempore fecit Edom.

Bissenisque Ioram regnauit in Israel annis, Huius Ahazias natus in urbe Dauid

Anno regnauit; eius genetrix Athalia Amri nata; sequens hic mala fecit Aab. 81

Cumque Ioram pergens Azael bella mouebat A Syrisque Ioram uulnere percutitur.

75 In Ramoth Galaad Helyseo precipiente

80

85

90

Perrexit iuuenis lenticulamque tulit. Atque Iheu cum principibus regis residentem

In thalamum duxit ac oleo liniit. Hec inquit: "Dicit Dominus: 'Super Israel unctus

Es et progeniem prorsus Aab perimes; Iezabelque canes comedent. '" Hoc dixerat, exit.

Inquirunt alii quid sibi dixerat hic. Ille refert factum; properant et pallia sternunt,

"Regnabitque Iheu" uoce tuba que canunt. "Principibus sociis hec nemo nuntiet," inquit,

"Iezrahel subito sed properemus ibi." Concedunt et eunt, rex Iuda uenerat illic

Egrotante Ioram constituendo moram. Ecce propinquantes turri speculator ab alta

Conspicit et regi dicit adesse globum.

66 natam scripsi : Nathan P 83 factum al. man. Slip. lino P

75 Aab] uel domus add. P 83 properant Co/T. e properans P

fol. 43ra

80 es] scripsi : res P

(al. man. in marg.) 62 uix moritur Benadap 64 Aab regnat aut Ioram annorum regnat mulier ix c(aput) 77 Iheu uiginti regnat

72 xlii

81 Construe as "hie (se. Ahaziah) sequens (est) mala (que) fecit (domus) Aab."

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100

105


Mittit ut inquirat qui sint, sed ab his retinetur Currus; item mittit et retinetur idem.

Occurrunt ambo reges hiis Naboth in agro, Clamauitque Ioram: "Stat mihi paxne, Iheu?"

"Que pax?," inquit, "adhuc Iezabelis mala durant;" Moxque sagitta Ioram cor forat, ille ruit,

Precipiensque Iheu iactari Naboth in agro, Quod uerbum Domini dixerat, hoc meminit.

Tunc regem Iuda pariter iubet ille feriri; Hic obit in Maiedo, fertur in urbe Dauid.

Per portam cernens Iezabel eum gradientem Sic ait: "Esse potest pax tibi nonne, Iheu?"

Hic tribus eunuchis iubet illam precipitari; Sanguine, dum ruit hec, inficitur paries.

Conculcatur equis, pransus iubet hanc sepeliri; Missi reperiunt membra uorasse canes.

Iussit Aab82 natos occidi septuaginta, Primates, notos reliquiasque simul,

Quadraginta duos fratres faciens iugulari 110 Regis Aazie; retulit hec Ionadab.

In curruque leuans Sebasten83 duxit in urbem, Zelum pro Domino quo manifestet ei.

Inde sacerdotes Baalim queri facit omnes, Tanquam facturus maxima sacra Baal.

115 His actis cedunt omnes, statuam quoque frangunt, Tandem latrinas fecit in ede Baal.

Mandat ei Dominus: "Tua, nam pro me studuisti, Regnabit quartum proles adusque gradum."

Cepit tedere Dominus super Israelitas 120 Azahel patiens plura ferire loca.

102 nonne corr. e nomine P 110 (123, 127) Aazie] intellege Ahazie scripsi : lacrimas P

(al. man. inmarg.) 96 Ioram moritur 115 x c(aput)

82 "Aab" - genitive

43

116 latrinas

83 A city in Palestine, also called Samaria; not in the Vulgate but mentioned, e.g., in Jerome Libel' de situ et nominiblls locorulII Hebraicorllll1 (PL 23:923B); Bede, In Marci Euang;/ium expositio (ed. D. Hurst, CCL 120 [Tumhout, 1960], 509.810-11); Hrabanus Maurus, Expositio in Matthaelll1l (ed. B. L5fstedt, CCCM 174A [Tumhout, 2000], 413.19-20); and Peter Comestor, Historia scholaslica (PL 198: 1574D).

44

125

130

135

140

145

150

G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

Bis denis octoque Iheu regnauerat annis, Cum moritur faciens crimina Iheroboam.

Regis Aazie cunctam genetrix Athalia Cepit regalem cedere progeniem.

Iosaba, nata Ioram, caute furata nepotem In templo posuit consilio Ioiade.

Natus Aazie fuit hic, annis quoque nutrix Sex seruauit euril, dictus et ipse Ioas.

Septeno Ioiada compellans centuriones Ac equites pepigit federa pacis eis;

Regem produxit, unxit, po suit diadema Huc, illuc positis forti bus excubiis

Plaudentesque manu, "Viuat rex" concinuerunt Imposito trono, stante simul populo.

Cantibus auditis rupit uestes Athalia Ingrediens templum uociferansque dolum.

Educi Ioiada templo fecit sceleratam Turpiter impacta percutitur gladio:

Mutua confirmant inter se federa, templum Destruxere Baal, ydola comminuunt;

Truncaturque Mathan ara presente sacerdos Totaque regalis perstrepit aula throni.

Annis porro Iheu septenis tunc erat, exhinc Quadraginta Ioas sedit in urbe Dauid.

Fecit recta Deo Ioiade sub tempore cuncto Eiusdem genetrix Sebia dicta fuit. '

Non tulit excels a, templum Domini studiose Instaurabatur de preciis anime.

Porro sacerdotes pro delictis capiebant Et pro peccatis dedita cuncta Deo.

Azahel cepit Geth, Ierusalem quoque tendens Thesauros dat ei cunctaque sacra Ioas.

Tandem percutitur a seruis et sepelitur, Cum patribusque suis ponitur urbe Dauid.

130 eis scripsi : ei P 140 destruxere scripsi : destruere P

fo1. 43rb

143 exhinc in marg. P

131Ioasregnat 144 12 (al. man. in marg.) 121 Iheu moritur c(aput) 152 Ioas moritur

123 xi c(aput)

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155 Anno bis de no terno regnauit in huius Sebasti Ioaaz pro genitore Iheu.

Azahel Syrus, Benadab filius eius' Israhel expugnant hoc faciente malum.

Ad Dominum clamant, saluatorem dedit illis, 160 Nec sibi pace data deseruere mala.

Namque decem septemque simul regnauerat annis, Cum moritur loaaz preficiturque Ioas.

Ter denis septemque Ioas84 regnauerat annis Tunc, sex atque decem prefuit Israel hie. 85

165 Mouit Amasie pugnam, fecit mala patrum, Defuncti tenuit Iheroboam solium.

Egrotante prius Helyseo uenit ad ipsum Iste Ioas86 astans compaciensque uiro.

Ora rigans lacrimis dicebat "Mi pater" illi, 170 "Currus et auriga, uir bone, noster eras."

"Affer", sanctus ait, "arcum pariterque sagittas." Inde manus regis apposuit manibus.

"Proiee", post inquit, "orientis parte sagittam." Protinus eiecit illeque dixit ei:

175 "Signum regalis est ista sagitta salutis, Nam Syros omnes percuties in Afec." fo1. 43va

Sanctus dixit item: "Iaculo quoque percute terram." Et mox ille tribus percutit hanc uicibus.

Iratus dixit sanctus: "Ter Syria cedet; 180 Si pulsasses plus, uicta foret penitus." Pe. Post hec egrotans ... (Aurora, v. 135).

45

(al. man. in marg.) 155 xiii c(aput) 156 Ioaaz regnat 162 moritur Ioaaz 163 Ioas re gnat 167 Helyseus egrotauit 178 preceptum de baculo; 13 c(aput)

Addition IV.7 (fols. 43va---44rb): 132 verses added after v. 142 in Beichner's edition (Aurora 1 :310); with "AI." in the left margin where the addition starts and "Pe." between the columns where Riga's text resumes. Aegidius also has an addition here, sixty-six verses long (see Beichner, Aurora 1:310-11). Vv. 89-96 were misplaced, but the error was corrected by the scribe (see n. 99 and the apparatus for v. 96 below).

84 This is Joash, king of Judah. 85 Joash, king ofIsrael (see also v. 162). 86 This is again the king ofIsrael.

46 G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

vv. 1-24 (4 Reg 14:1-25). Amaziah reigns in ludah for twenty-nine years. He avenges the death of his father by killing the servants who had murdered him. Amaziah provokes Joash of Israel, meets him in battle, and is defeated. He is later killed by conspirators. In the fifteenth year of his reign, Jeroboam takes over in Israel; he remains on the throne for forty-one years.

vv. 25-58 (4 Reg 15). Azariah reigns in ludah for fifty-two years. Struck by leprosy, he lives separated from his family until he dies. In the thirty-eighth year of his reign, Zechariah takes over in Israel; he remains in power for six months. After him the following kings come in rapid succession: Shallum, who stays on the throne for a month; Menahem, who reigns for ten years; Pekahiah, who rules for two years; and Pekah, who is king for twenty years and who is at the end killed by Hoshea. In the second year of Pekah's reign, Jotham takes over in ludah. 10tham remains in power for sixteen years.

vv. 59-68 (4 Reg 16: 1-17). Ahaz, son of 10tham, takes over in Judah. His religious practices are questionable. Pekah and Rezin of Aram attack Ahaz, but he is helped by the king of Assyria.

vv. 69-86 (4 Reg 17:1-12 [vv. 69-76J and 17:24-34 [vv. 77-86]). Hoshea becomes king of Israel. Not wanting to pay an annual tribute to Shalmaneser of Assyria, he asks help from Egypt. Shalmaneser learns about this, imprisons Hoshea, carries away the Israelites to Assyria and brings people from other nations to settle down in their cities. God is angry and sends lions to kill them. A priest is brought back to Israel to teach the new settlers how to worship the Lord but to no avail.

vv. 87-96 (2 Par 29:1-4,29:26-27,30:10-25). Hezekiah becomes king of Judah. He opens and cleanses the Temple; the instruments of David are played; Passover is celebrated.

vv. 97-116 (4 Reg 18:3-37). Hezekiah removes the high places, breaks the pillars, and cuts down the sacred groves. He also breaks in pieces the bronze serpent of Moses and attacks the Philistines as far as Gaza. In the fourteenth year of Hezekiah' s reign, King Sennacherib of Assyria captures the cities of Judah. Hezekiah pays him gold and silver, but Sennacherib sends his officials, who try to convince the inhabitants of 1 erusalem to abandon Hezekiah and join the great king of Assyria.

vv. 117-32 (4 Reg 19:3-7 [vv. 117-20J and 19:29-37 [vv. 121-32]). Hezekiah asks Isaiah to plead with God for help. Isaiah promises him that ludah will be delivered. Sennachrib flees to Nineveh, where he is killed by his two sons. His son Esade

. ron succeeds him.

AI. Anno regnauit bino Ioas Israelite Regis Amasias natus et ipse Ioas. 87

(al. man. in marg.) 2 xxvan(norum)

87 Construe as "Anno bino Ioas Israelite regis, regnauit Amasias et ipse natus Ioas," in the second year of the reign of Joash, king of Israel, Amaziah began to reign; he was the son of (another) Joash (i.e., of Judah).

5

10

15

20

25

30


Dieta fuit Ioaden illius mater et idem Annis uiginti prefuit atque nouem.. .

Fecit recta, tamen plebs sacrificabat 111 altls; Seruos occidit qui feriere patrem.

Hic percussit Edom, Petram ~e~ pI:elia cepit, Mandauitque Ioas, ille remlSlt el:

"Carduus in Libano mandauit talia cedro: 'Fac tua sit nato filia nupta meo.'

Conculcauerunt mox hunc animalia saltus. Esto quietus, Edom gloria sufficiat.'~

Noluit ascendit88 contra pugnare, sed IIle Vic;or89 eum cepit Ierusalemque subit,

Muros dirupit, argentum cepit et aurum. Obsidibusque datis ad sua deinde redIt.

Aduersus regem90 fit coniuratio, fug it . Ille Lachis, sed ibi mittitur atque pent.

Istius quinto decimo regnauit in anno Iheroboam, patrum fecit et ipse mala.

Restituit fines amissos atque Damascum Iuxta uerba lone plurima bella gerens.

Hic quadraginta regnauit in Israel annis Ac uno tandem morte sepultus obit.

Annis uiginti septem regnauerat iste: Natus Amasie re gnat in urbe Damd

Dietus Azarias, eius genetrix Iecelia Extitit, annorum sex erat atque decem.

Annis regnauit hie quinquaginta duo bus Exceptis altis optima perficiens.

Tandem percussus lepra manet ille seorsum, Natus ei Ioathan regia iura tenet.

47

24 obit] uel peremptus add. P perficiens] uel digna Deo facit add. P

30 perficiens co/'/'. e preficiens P optima

(al. man. in marg.) 3 Ioas regnat 20 Iheroboam 23 moritur xilUO anno sequestratur

88 Amaziah is the subject. 89 This refers to Joash, king ofIsrael. 90 Amaziah.

9 tardius (his) 26 Azarias regnat

17 Ioas moritur 31 lepra percussus

~--

48 G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

35

Annus Azarie porro trecesimus atque Octauus fuerat; in geminis tribubus

Natus Iheroboam per sex menses Zacharias Regnat bis quinis, fecit et ipse malum.

Cedit eum Sellum, mens em regnatque per unum; De Thersa ueniens percutit hunc Manahen.

Annus Azarie regi trieesimus atque Nonus erat, sequitur91 crimina Iheroboam. 40

Percussit Tapsam, grauidas secuit mulieres' Phul, Assur regi, mille talenta dabat. '

Annis bis quinis regnauit, post Phaceia Filius ipsius suscipit imperium.

45 Regis Azarie tunc quinquagesimus annus Institit, et tantum prefuit hic92 geminis. 93

Hoc faciente malum Phacee, natus Romelie, Dux hunc occidit ac regimen tenuit.

50 Ann~s Azarie tunc quinquagesimus atque

Bmus erat, re gnat bisque decem Phacee. A Theglatsalasar Galaad plebs et Galilee

Neptalim et certe ducitur Assyriam. ' Cumque malum faceret, iustum fuit ut mala ferret·

Tendens insidias percutit hunc94 Osee. ' 55 In Phacee gemino Iohatan regnauerat anno

60

Natus Azarie, mater ei Hierusa. Recta patrans denis ac sex hie prefuit annis

Cum patribus dormit, nec tamen alta tuli~. Septeno decimo Phacee regnauit in anno

.Natus Achaz Ioathan95 pessima semper agens. HIC super alta litat, natum traducit in igne,

Ara Damascene fit per eum similis.

56 Hierusa] qui et Ozias add. P

(al. man. in marg.) 47 Phaceas regnat 56 Ionathan 59 xx annorum

54 moritur

91 Menahem is the subject. 92 Pekahiah. 93 I.e., "geminis (annis)." 94 Pekah. 95 "Ioathan" - genitive.

fol. 43vb

55 xxv annorum

" 65

70

75

80

85

AI. 90


Insurgunt in emu Phacee, Rasin quoque Syrus, Quos donis tractus rex fugat Assyrius.

Occidit96 Rasin regem uastatque Damascum Ac eius plebem transtulit in Cyrenem.

Tunc prius altare templi facit ille uacare Deque suis bubus deposuit luterem.

Regis Achaz Osee97 bisseno re gnat in anno Et facit ipse malum, non tamen ut reliqui.

Annua Salmanasar regi·dabat ille tributa, Egypti regis hinc petit auxilium.

Ille98 sciens nono redit ac Osee capit anno Et loris uinctum carcere claudit eum.

Israel est pm·iter Medorum ductus in urbes Omnis, ibique luit ydolaque coluit.

Salmanasar gentes in terram misit e01'um, Que teneant urbes aruaque rite colant.

Non timuere Deum, multos Deus ergo le ones Dirigit, ut morsu sacrilegos perimant.

Regi dicitur hoc, illuc iubet ille sacerdos Vnus eat, legem qui Domini doceat.

In Bethel hic uenit et eos pia sacra docebat, Sed gens queque suum fabricat ecce Deum.

Quem fecere patres m01'em, tenuere nepotes; Cum Dominum timeant, ydola nempe colunt.

Tercius annus erat Osee cum pro patre re gnat Rex Ezechias, mater Abia fuit.

In primis portas templi patefecit et illud Mundari fecit cunctaque uasa simul.

Sacrificando Deo laudes hymnosque ministri Psallunt tangentes musica uasa Dauid.

(al. man. inll1arg.) 69 xxvannorum 70 Osee 88 xxv an(nis)

96 The subject of "occidit" is "rex Assyrius" (= Tiglathpilester). 97 "Osee" - nominative. 98 Shalmaneser.

49

fol. 44ra

fol. 44va99

99 The text is introduced here by a marginal gloss: "Verte folium, lege 'In primis portas' usque ad 'recta Deo.'" I have followed the instructions. The misplaced lines are vv. 89-96 in this edition; they cover a passage from 2 Par, and the scribe was right to move it here. The attribution to Al. appears in the left margin on fo1. 44v(a).

50 O. DINKOVA-BRUUN

Per sua scripta tribus mandans omnesque ministros Iherusalem fecit more phase solito

95 Primitiis; decimas fecit ditare ministros,

100

105

110

115

Impensasque sacris constituit Domini.

Recta Deo fecit, lucos succidit et alta Abstulit et statuas undique comminuit.

Serpentem Moysi fregit, cui sacrificabant. Se prudenter agens promeruit Dominum;

Ipse Philisteos Gazam percussit adusque, Annus ei sextus Israel abripuit.

In quarto decimo Iudeas occupat urbes Sennacherib, cui rex supplicat ut redeat.

Argentum templi, thesauros regis et aurum POliarum Domini mitt it obinde sibi.

Per tres ille duces eius fiducia que sit Mandat an in Domino uel Pharaonis ope:

"Numquid me Dominus ad uos ascendere fecit?" Elyachim rogat hos dicere Syriace.

Rapsaces exc1amat populis ut terre at illos Iudaica uoce: "Rex ait omnibus hec:

'Ad nos exite! Regi ne credite uestro! Tradetur uobis terra repleta bonis. '"

Nemo respondit, ut hec rex preceperat, illi100

Prepositus templi nuntiat Elyachim.

Rex dici iubet hec Y saie uerba prophete, Oret ut ad Dominum quod ferat auxilium.

"Ne timeas," regi mandat, "rex Assyriorum 120 Ad patriam rediet atque cadet gladio.

Hoc anno comede quod reperietur apud te, Venturo sponte que tibi ginnet humus.

Post hec plantate uites et terra seratur, Producet fructus protinus ilIa bonos.

125 Nam de monte Syon saluatio progredietur Ac de Ierusalem reliquie pariter."

fol. 44ra

96 Domini] Sequitur "Recta Deo fecit" add. P 108 an COlT. ex ad P 118 ferat corr. ex orat P 122 ginnet] intellege gignet 125 salllatio COl'/'. e salllauatio P

100 Hezekiah.

,.... i

130

Pe.


Angelus Assyrios illa de nocte peremit, Sane sunt uestes ustaque corpora sunt;

Sic octoginta peremit ac milia quinque. Rex lO1 hec mane uidens confugit ad Niuiuem.

Dumque deos orat, perimunt illum duo nati, Armeniam fugiunt, re gnat et Esseradon.

Rex Ezechias ... (Aurora, v. 143).

51

fol. 44rb

Addition IV.8 (fol. 44va): four verses added after v. 186 in Beichner's edition (Aurora 1 :313); with "AI." in the left margin where the addition starts and "Pe." where Riga's text resumes. Also Aegidius has an addition here, eighteen verses long (see Beichner, Aurora, vol. 1, p. 313).

vv. 1---4 (4 Reg 20:5-12). Isaiah cures Hezekiah by applying figs to his sore. The king of Babylon sends emissaries to congratulate him for his speedy recovery.

AI. Apposuit ficus Y saias regis ad ulcus Et lux ad templum tercia duxit eum.

Ob signum so lis legatos rex Babilonis Misit, ut applaudent quod cito conualuit.

Pe. Rex quia pro fastu monstrauit opes ... (Aurora, v. 187).

4 applaudent scripsi : applaudens P

Addition IV.9 (fols. 44va-45rb): 116 verses added after v. 190 in Beichner's edition (Aurora 1:314);102 no attribution. What is interesting in this addition is the skillful way in which the texts of 4 Reg, 2 Par, and Jer are combined.

vv. 1---4 (4 Reg 20:20-21). Hezekiah brings water to the city. He dies after twentynine years of reign and is succeeded by his son Manasseh. (In reality, v. 3 is a versification of 4 Reg 18:2.)

vv. 5-12 (4 Reg 21:1-7). The impious Manasseh is king in Jerusalem for fifty-five years. He restores all evil practices which his father had abolished.

vv. 13-14 (4 Reg 21:16). He kills many people and covers Jerusalem in blood. vv. 15-20 (2 Par 33:11-16). He is captured and taken to Babylon where he prays

fervently to God, who hears his plea and restores him back to Jerusalem. Because of this, Manasseh changes his evil ways.

vv. 21-28 (4 Reg 21:18-26). Manasseh is succeeded by his son Amon who reigns for two years. Amon is murdered by his servants who are themselves killed by the people of the land. Josiah is made king.

101 Sennacherib. 102 Vv. 191-92 of Rig a's text are missing in Al.'s redaction.

52 G. DINKOV A-BRUUN

vv. 29-30 (4 Reg 22:1-2). Josiah remains in power for thirty-one years. vv. 31-36 (2 Par 34:3-7). In the twelfth year of his reign, Josiah purges Judah and

Jerusalem of the high places, the carved images, the sacred groves, and the priests of false gods.

vv. 37-46 (4 Reg 22:3-17). In the eighteenth year of Josiah's reign the high priest Hilkiah is ordered to surrender all the money that had been collected from the people for carrying out repairs in the house of the Lord. Hilkiah brings forth the book of God's law which scares the king.

vv. 47-52 (2 Par 34:22-28). The prophetess Huldah predicts disaster for the people of Judah; only the king will be rewarded for his good deeds.

vv. 53-60 (4 Reg 23:1-25). The king calls everybody to the house of the Lord; the book of the law is read aloud and the covenant with God is confirmed' Passover is celebrated again. '

vv. 61-68 (2 Par 35:20-25). Neco of Egypt and Josiah join battle in the plain of Megiddo. Josiah is wounded and taken back to Jerusalem, where he dies. All Judah and especially Jeremiah lament the king's death.

vv. 69-76 (4 Reg 23:30-37). Josiah's son Jehoahaz takes over in Judah. Neco of Egypt replaces Jehoahaz with his brother Eliakim, whose name he changes to Jehoiakim. Eliakim/Jehoiakim remains on the throne for eleven years.

vv. 77-94 (4 Reg 24; for v. 80, see 2 Par 36:6). Jehoiakim is Nebuchadnezzar's servant for three years, after which he rebels against him. As a result, he is captured and carried away to Babylon. Jehoiakim is succeeded by his son Jehoiakin who remains in power for three months. Nebuchadnezzar captures Jerusalem; the treasures of the Temple, all men of valor, and all artisans are taken to Babylon. Jehoiakin's uncle Zedekiah is made king; he remains in power for eleven years.

vv. 95-96 (2 Par 36:12-13). Zedekiah does not listen to the prophet Jeremiah and commits perjury against king Nebuchadnezzar.

vv. 97-108 (4 Reg 25:1-17; see also Jer 52:1-16). Nebuchadnezzar besieges Jerusalem. After two years, the wall is breached; the soldiers and Zedekiah flee. The king is captured in the plains of Jericho and taken to Nebuchadnezzar. Zedekiah's two sons are killed; he himself is blinded and thrown in prison. Nebuchadnezzar's captain Nebuzaradan returns to Jerusalem and destroys the Temple.

vv. 109-16 (Jer 52:20-23). Description of the artifacts destroyed by Nebuzaradan.

Denique uir fortis piscinam fecit aquarum, Que subeunt urbem; cum patribusque silet.

Annis regnauit bis denis ille nouemque, Successit Manasses Aphsiba cui genetrix.

4 genetrix] uel mater ei add. P

(al. man. illl11arg.) 1 moritur 3 Manasses regnat xii an(norum)

r

5

10

15

20

25

30

35


Quinquaginta fuit rex annis impius ille Necnon quinque simul; ydola percoluit,

Lucos, excelsa fecit, construxit et aras Militie celi, sicut et egit Aab.

Seruans auguria phitones multiplicauit, Est quoque traductus natus in igne suus.

Ac statuam luci, quam fecerat, ille locauit In templo spernens iussa minas que Dei.

Sanguine preterea iustorum septa repleuit Iherusalem, Iudas fecit et ipse malum.

Idcirco uinctum duxerunt in Babilonem Assyrii, sed ob hec crimina penituit.

Toto corde Deum rogat, exauditur ab illo Cognoscensque Deum Iherusalem rediit.

Aras deiecit, altare Dei reparauit, Precepit Iude sacrificare Deo.

Defunctus proprio tandem tumulatur in orto, Successit regnum filius eius Amon.

Messalemet erat illius mater et annis Regnauit binis crimina patris agens.

Runc perimunt serui, quare perimuntur et ipsi A populis, orti terra recepit emu.

Constituunt regem plebs primatesque Iosias, Quem predictus Amon ex Idida genuit.

Annis iusta gerens triginta re gnat et uno; Moribus egregiis explicat acta Dauid.

Nosse Deum cepit annorum cum foret octo; Bisseno, Iudam Ierusalemque simul,

Effraim ac Symeon et Neptalim atque Manasse Mundat ab excelssis, sculptilibus, nemore.

Ossa sacerdotum propriis combussit in aris, Delubra demolitus Iherusalem rediit.

Octauo decimo regni mandauit in anno Relchie templi pontifici Domini,

53

fol. 44vb

10 natus iter. et cO/'/'. P 15 uinctum scripsi : iunctum P 19 deiecit scripsi : deierit P 23 erat cO/'/'. ex erit P 28 Idida co/'/'. ex Idia P 32 Iudam scripsi : Iudan P

(al. man. ill marg.) 9 peccat 15 pena 21 moritur 22 Amon; xxii an(norum) 24 peccat 25 moritur 26 Iosias 27 viii an(norum)

54 G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

Detur ab edituo collecta pecunia templi 40 Prepositis operum distribuenda fabris.

Templi sacra parent, lapides et ligna reponant, Inque fide tractent, nec muneretur eis.

Repperit Helchias templi legale uolumen Perque Saphan regi precipit ille legi.

45 Vt rex audiuit Domini precepta minas que, Contremuit quod lex sic derelicta foret.

Dirigit ut querant proceres facto quid opus sit; Holda prophetissa talia dixit eis:

"Hoc Dominus dicit: 'Quia me spreto coluistis 50 Y dola, destruet hunc ultio digna locum.

Sed quia fleuisti, tu rex, et condoluisti, Claudes pace necem prosperitate fruens. ' "

Inde sacerdotes, primates et seniores Ac populus Iuda rex iubet ut ueniant.

55 Lex illis legitur, Domino quoque fedus initur, Vt conseruentur omnia uerba libri.

Abstulit immundos ritus toti regioni Perque dies septem facit in orbe phase.

Distribuit ,peccora populo cunctisque ministris; 60 Nec quisquam regum fecerat huic simile.

Carchamis ascendit rex oppugnare Nechao,103 Cuius in occursum dirigit hic104 aciem.

"Nec tecum pugno", mandauerat illelOS Iosie, Noluit hic106 regredi, sed Magedo petiit.

65 Ecce sagitta uolat, ferit hunc,107 iubet ille reuerti, Iherusalem ductus functus humo tegitur.

Plangunt hunc omnes, sed precipue Iheremias, Cuius cantores more threnos replicant.

Filius illius Ioachaz succedit, et huius 70 Est Amithal genetrix, fecit et ipse malum.

40 distribuenda co/.,.. e distrubuenda P 63 Iosie scripsi : Iosia P

(al. man. inll1arg.) 69 Ioaehaz regnat; [x]xxiii an(nis)

103 Neeo, king of Egypt. 104 Iosiah. !O5 Neeo, 106 Iosiah. 107 Josiah.

fol. 45ra


Amotum tulit hunc in quinto mense Nechao, Subrogat Elyachim quem uocat et Ioachim.

Huius erat frater Ioachaz et Zebida mater Annis undenis regnat in urbe Dauid.

75 Imposuit multam terre sub utroque Nechao; Vtque patres eius fecit et iste malum.

Nabugodonosor subiecit eum tribus annis, Inde rebellauit ne sibi pensa daret.

Infestant et eum Syri, Moabitis et Ammon; 80 Tandem promeruit ad Babilona trahi.

Per menses regnat Ioachin tres filius eius, Ipsius genetrix dicta Naestha fuit.

Donec ab Eufrate riuum ueniatur adusque Egypti, cuncta ceperat Assyrius.

85 Misit hic ad Ioachin post, post uenit et ipse, Vt caperent re gem Iherusalemque simul.

Hic cum principibus exit, cum matre suisque; Nabugodonosor sponte recepit eos,

Thesauros regis, templi necnon Salomonis 90 Vasa, uirosque decem milia transtulit hinc,

Artifices mille pariter, tantumque relictis Terre pauperibus ad Babylona redit.

Preficit his regem patruum Ioachin Sedechiam, Annis undenis regnat agitque malum.

95 Huic genetrix Amithal; uerbum spernit108 Iheremie Ac fedus pacis peierat Assyriis.

Nabugodonosor huiuS109 nono redit anno Vallat eos binis preualuitque fames.

Vrbs interrupta patuit, fugiunt quoque fortes 100 Hac iliac, fugiunt rexque suique simul.

In campis Iherico capitur, regi Babilonis Traditur, hic natos precipit interimi

81 Ioaehin scripsi : Ioaehim P 82 Naestha scripsi : Naestra P 88 Nabugodonosor scripsi : Nabugodosor P

(al. man. in marg.) 72 xxv an(norum) 95 Sedeehia 97 peeeauit 102 pena

108 Zedekiah is the subject. 109 Zedekiah.

74 Ioaehim

55

85 hie Slip. fin. P

93 xxi an(norum)

56 G. DINKOVA-BRUUN

Eius et ipsius oculi simul effodiuntur; Vinctus et abductus carceris ima sub it.

105 Quinto mense redit princeps belli Nabuzardan; Turres succendunt, menia deiciunt,

110

115

Aulas regales templumque Dei cremat ignis, Cuncta ministerio congrua diripiunt.

Ter senis altas cubitis geminasque columpnas, Illarum capita quinque leuant cubiti.

Has bissenorum cingit funis cubitorum, Malogranata sex nouiesque decem

Dependent, que circueunt retiacula centum. Crasicies constat quatuor ex digitis,

lotus porro cauellO fuerant iussu Salomonis. Bissenos uitulos et mare comminuunt.

114 crasicies COlT. e crascies P

(al. man. inl11arg.) 106 Nabuzardan 114 crassicies

fo1. 45rb

Addition IV.lO (fo1. 45rb): twenty-eight verses added after v. 198 in Beichner's edition (Aurora 1 :315); no attribution.

vv. 1-16 (4 Reg 25:18-26; for vv. 1-4 see also Jer 52:24-27). The leaders of the people and the chief priest Seraiah are killed. Judah goes into exile and Gedaliah is appointed governor over the farmers who stay behind. After seven months, Gedaliah and other high officials are killed by Ishmael. Everybody flees to Egypt fearing retaliation.

vv. 17-24 (Jer 42-44). The prophet Jeremaih warns the survivors of Judah not to migrate to Egypt but they do not listen.

vv. 25-28 (4 Reg 25:27-30; see also Jer 52:31-34). King Evilmerodach releases Jehoiachin of Judah from prison and accepts him among his followers.

Vrbis reliquie uel qui se sponte dedere fo1. 45rb Migrant exceptis principibus populi.

Hos et enim ductos ad se rex cum Saraia, Templi pontifice, precipit interimi.

5 Pauperibus terre tunc prefecit Godoliam, Vt uites colerent, arua simul sererent.

(al. man. iJ1marg.) S Godolias preficitur

110 The two pillars were hollow.


Ecce duces equitum uenerunt ad Godoliam, Quidam cum sociis qui latuere fuga.

Hic iurauit eis, si seruirent Babiloni, 10 Quod nil formident, nam bene fiet eis.

Septeno mense natus de semine regum Cum bis quinque uiris Hismahel accelerat,

Iudeos et Caldeos necnon Godoliam Percutit in Maspha perfidus atque fugit.

15 Audiit hec populus ac inuito Iheremia Fugit in Egyptum, dum timet Assyrios.

Predicebat enim quoniam rex Assyriorum Perderet Egyptum uictor eosque simu1.

Vtque Deum colerent, uerbisque minisque monebat, 20 Hinc ab eis petris obrutus occubuit.

Sic igitur Iudas transmigrat de regione, Dum Dominum spernit ydola multa colens.

Voce prophetarum numquam potuit renouari, Donec eum sparsit ira furorque Dei.

25 Annis triginta ductis septemque peractis Soluit Euilmerodac carceribus Ioachin.

Mutauit uestes et coram se comedebat, Ac inter reges fecit habere thronum. ll1

57

(al. man. in marg.) 12 Hysmael IS Iheremyas 20 moritur pro doctrina Iheremyas

Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies.

111 Here we read in the margin "Verte folium et lege 'Post annos decies'; sunt uersus antequam legas 'Persarum.'" This refers to the last six verses from book IV of Riga's Libel' quarfus Regul11 which were misplaced and copied on fol. 4Sva, after the beginning of the Book of Esdra has already began. The scribe recognized this misplacement and corrected it.

Additions to Peter Riga’s Aurora in Paris, Bibliothèque National de France, Lat. 13050.

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Transcript of Additions to Peter Riga’s Aurora in Paris, Bibliothèque National de France, Lat. 13050.