A SUMMARY OF REEF FISH SURVEYS ON NORTHERN KANGAROO ISLAND, 2002-08By S.A. Shepherd1, J.L. Baker2, A. Brown3, K. Smith4 and H.

Cawford5 26 October 2009

1 Senior Research Fellow, SARDI Aquatic Sciences, S.A. Scoresby.Shepherd@sa.gov.au

2 Marine Ecologist, 8 Fairfield Ave, Somerton Park S.A. 5044jannebaker@optusnet.com.au

3 Dept for Environment and Heritage, GPO Box 1047, Adelaide S.A.5011

4 Education Officer, Department of Environment and Conservation,Western Australia

5 Visual Artist melon@internode.on.net

(c) A. Brown (c) H. Crawford

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(c) A. Brown (c) H. Crawford

(c) A. Brown (c) H. Crawford

A SUMMARY OF REEF FISH SURVEYSON NORTHERN KANGAROO ISLAND, 2002-08

SUMMARYThis report summarises the species of fish and their abundances recorded on the northern and north-western coast ofKangaroo Island during intermittent surveys from 2002 -2008. Hotspots of abundance were recorded at Snug Cove, with lesser hotspots at Stokes Bay and Cape D’Estaing. Some species showeda pattern of abundance that declined from west to east, while a few others showed the reverse pattern. In all, 58 species were recorded in timed swim surveys in the shallow subtidal, and 54% of those were recorded at only one or two sites; another 16 species were recorded incidentally at various sitesduring searches for cryptic and uncommon fishes (see companionreport, Baker et al., 2009). Intensity of fishing, estimated from mean female blue-throated wrasse size, was generally zeroto light.

INTRODUCTION

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The reef fish fauna of the northern and north-western coast ofKangaroo Island is not well known. Several studies have described the abundance of the western blue groper for the region (Shepherd et al., 2002), the abundance of reef fishes at a number of sites around the island (Shepherd et al., 2004;Brock and Kinloch, 2007); the abundance of species at some north coast sites (Shepherd and Baker, 2008) and the fishes ofNE Kangaroo I. in Nepean Bay and Eastern Cove (Shepherd et al., 2008). In this report we bring together the results of reef fish surveys in the region conducted in 2002-05 (reportedby Shepherd and Baker, 2008) and of more recent surveys in December 2008.

METHODS

The visual census method was used along 100 m transect lines to estimate abundance and size of individual species within a swathe 5m wide, and 2.5 m on each side of the tape. Four replicate transects were laid end to end, and the diver (or snorkeller) recorded for each transect the size of each fish in 5 cm length categories. Where the divers had accurately calculated their swimming speed, a swim timed to cover 100 m was substituted, with some savings of time. On occasions the observers recorded on the return swim the identity and size ofcryptic fish species.

Habitat substratum features were noted, including bottom relief (in m), an index of exposure, informed by algal type and estimated on a scale 1-4, and the dominant canopy algae recorded along the transect. Underwater visibility was also estimated. On the NW and N coast of Kangaroo I., the rocky coast falls sharply to the seabed at a depth of 10 – 12 m, where the sandy bottom may be colonised by the wiry seagrass, Posidonia coriacea. Underwater visibility was high (15-20 m), permitting both snorkelling and diving techniques to record fish abundance. The sites surveyed are shown in Figure 1, and listed in Table 1.

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Figure 1. Map of Kangaroo Island sites dived during surveys discussed in this report. Locations corresponding to numbersare listed in Table 1.

RESULTS

HabitatsThe NW coast of the Island provides some unique marine habitats in South Australia. Apart from the north-western end,much of the north coast is sheltered from the prevailing swell, although there is a west-east gradient in wave exposure, declining from high at West Bay to moderate-to-slight at Boxing Bay, east of Emu Bay. At the north-western and western end, the bottom falls abruptly from a narrow intertidal reef to a sandy bottom, allowing the incursion of species rarely seen inshore e.g. swallowtail, blue groper, andBight redfish. East of Cape Dutton the bottom slopes more gently from the intertidal to deep waterer and the bottom is dominated by sandy/seagrass habitats, other than the narrow bands of intertidal reef. At the eastern end, however, more

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15km Investigator Strait

1

4 58

976

3

10 11 1213

Kangaroo Island

reefs appear, with an emergent reef off Cape D’Estaing, and anextensive underwater cave system at the eastern end of Emu Bay.

The water movement gradient is reflected in a gradual shift from dominance by species adapted to strong surge, such as Cystophora siliquosa and C. moniliformis, to C. subfarcinata, C. monilifera and Sargassum spp. and Scaberia in places of moderate to slight surge. A summary of topographic and habitat features for the study sites is given in Table 1.

Table 1. Topographic and habitat features of study sites on NWKangaroo I. ordered from west to east.

Site andsurveydate

Exposure toswell

Substratum Locationof

transects

Algal dominants

1. West Bay28.4.02

3.5-4 Gneissic blocksto 10 m diam.Relief 2m

SE side of bay, to 750m toward SW

C. siliquosa,C. moniliformis,C. subfarcinata

2. Harveys Return1.5.02

3 Folded meta- sediments. Relief 2m

450 m east and west ofInlet

Ecklonia radiata, C. siliquosa, C. moniliformis

3. Snug Cove(1)E,W 2.5.02; (2) Offshore 2.5.02(3) 15.12.08

(1) 3(2) 3(3)1

Ditto with many fissures/crevices Relief(1)2.5 m(2)2.9 m (3) 1 m

(1) 600 m E& W of Inlet.(2) offshore (3) withinCove

(1) Ditto + Acrocarpia(2) Ecklonia, C. monilifera, C racemosa, Sargassum spp.(3) Ecklonia, C. siliquosa, C. moniliformis, C. monilifera, Acrocarpia paniculata

4. Western River Cove.14.12.08

3 DittoRelief 2 m

To west of Cove

Scytothalia, Acrocarpia,C siliquosa, C. m’formis

5. 3 Ditto To east of Scytothalia,

5

Snellings Beach17.12.08

Boulders 1 – 2mrelief

Beach Acrocarpia,C siliquosa,

6.King George Bch30.4.02

2 DittoRelief

To east of Bay

C. monilifera, C. m’formis,C. subfarcinata

7. “WallabyBay” (between Cape Duttonand Stokes Bay)19.12.08

2 DittoRelief: 2 m

2 km east of Cape Dutton

C siliquosa, C. m’formis

8. Stokes Bay(1)29.4.02(2)13.12.08(3) 4.10.08

(1) 2(2) 2(3) 2.5

Ditto. Schists(1)Relief 0.5 m(2) 1.2 m(3) 2 m

West side Ecklonia, C. monilifera,C. siliquosa

9. Cape Cassini3.5.02

2 Ditto. Schists 400 m E andW. Of road end

C. monilifera, Ecklonia,C. siliquosa

10. Dashwood Bay17.12.08

2.5 Ditto. SchistsRelief 2 m.

9 km E of Cape Cassini

C siliquosa, C. monilifera, Acrocarpia

11. Cape D’Estaing26.11.04

2 GraniteRelief 1.5 m

Offshore reef to W of Emu Bay

Ecklonia, Cystophora spp., Sargassum

12. Emu BayE.(White Point)25.11.0416.11.07

(1) 2(2) 2

SchistsRelief 1.5 m

East end ofbay

Ecklonia, Cystophora spp., Sargassum

13. Boxing Bay16.12.08

1 BouldersRelief 0.3 m

Adjoining Pt Marsden

Cystophora spp. Sargassum, Scaberia

Fish abundancesAppendix 1 provides data on fish species’ abundances at the 13study sites, with extensive replication at Sites 3 and 8, i.e.Snug Cove and Stokes Bay.Characteristics of the north-western and western end of the region are: higher species’ richness at some sites, with greater abundances or presence of: barber perch, magpie perch,

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blue groper, southern sea carp, and old wife. Southern blue morwong (queen snapper) were recorded at both Cape Marden, on the eastern end of the north coast of Kangaroo Island, and at Snug Cove, towards the western end of the north coast. The commonness/ rarity of species can be judged from the high/low densities recorded, and their frequency. Of the 58 species, sofar recorded in timed swim fish counts in near-shore waters (Appendix 1), 31 (58%) were recorded only once or twice in lownumbers, although none of them are rare elsewhere in State waters. Most of those common fishes recorded rarely during these surveys are species that either (i) travel in schools inopen water, hence their presence (and sighting) at a reef siteat any particular time is unpredictable; or (ii) are small andwell camouflaged in reef macroalgae or seagrass near reefs (e.g. the weed whitings), hence may be present but not often recorded, or (iii) aggregate seasonally at specific sites (e.g. Port Jackson sharks, for reproduction / egg laying), hence considerable numbers may be recorded at one site and none at adjacent reefs.

During the 2008 survey, in addition to the timed swim fish counts presented here, we also recorded a number of other reeffishes during searches for uncommon benthic fishes at various other locations. A species list of additional taxa is provided in Appendix 2. Notable examples included harlequin fish (see at Cape Forbin during searches for uncommon fishes),banded morwong, Bight redfish, swallowtail, blue-tailed leatherjacket, Gunn's leatherjacket and rock ling. The last ofthese species lives deep in crevices. Divers rarely see rock ling, although they are taken by spear fishers and other recreational fishers, prawn trawls, gillnets, lobster pots andcrab pots. Baker et al. (2009a, 2009b) discuss the vulnerable population characteristics and fisheries for harlequin fish, banded morwong and rock ling in South Australia.

Species trends in abundanceSome groups of site-attached species show declining trends in abundance from west to east, others the reverse pattern, whilesome show no pattern at all. We present in Figure 2 the aggregate abundance of those in the two groups. Examples of those in the first (W-E) group include: southern sea carp, magpie perch, blue groper, blue-throated wrasse and senator

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wrasse. There are few species in the second group (E-W trend),but notable examples include: dusky morwong and yellow-stripe leatherjacket.

For some of the species with a W-E trend, it is apparent (Figure 2) that Snug Cove is a hotspot, in terms of their abundance, with lesser hotspots at Stokes Bay and Cape D’Estaing. These hotspots are likely due to the greater depth range at Snug Cove, and the extensive off-shore reef systems at all three sites, providing more habitat diversity and extent. Species like the scalyfin have very specific habitats,their abundance depending on the abundance of deep crevices around which to establish territories In contrast, the E-W group of species are few in number, and low in abundance, and most of them are associated with less exposed, low profile reefs and/or sand and seagrass habitats, which are more extensive east of Point Dutton. Lastly, the absence of any pattern by some species may simply reflect their specific habitat preferences. For example, bullseyes and hulafish prefer caves and vertical surfaces.

Fishing effects The effect of near-shore rock fishing can be judged by the use of information on the blue-throated wrasse, a protogynous,site-attached species. A recent study by Shepherd et al. (2009) found for >180 local populations from Pt Sinclair (eastern Great Australian Bight) to the South East of S.A., asfollows: the female mean size and sex ratio provide a measure of fishing intensity, normally intractable to measure, within its home range. The results of the study are summarised in Table 2. The mortality rates were calculated from long-term data sets over 18 years at specific sites, where censuses wereconducted 3-5 times per year. The mortality rates were from seal predation, which had the same effect as fishing―fishers and seals both target the largest individuals (Shepherd et al.2009).

Applying the criteria set out in Table 2 to the data on femalemean size (see Appendix 1), it can be seen that fishing intensity is zero to light at 7 sites and moderate at 5 sites.Stokes Bay with 3 different surveys showed moderate fishing at

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two sites and zero at the third. This may be because one survey was done at the far western end of the bay, virtually inaccessible to shore fishers. The sex ratio is a more variable measure, but shows that even light fishing can increase the F:M sex ratio in this protogynous species, due tothe preferential capture of males. As fishing intensity increases, the probability of finding a male in a local population declines sharply, and is close to zero for intense fishing, Continued loss of males, before the largest female can change sex to male, may cause local fertilisation failure.

Table 2. Relation between fishing intensity and female mean size and sex ratio of the blue-throated wrasse.

Female meanSize (cm)

Fishingmortalityrate*

Classification

(fishing)

Sex ratio (F:M)+

Proportion (P) ofpopulations with

males22.5 + 0 Zero 4:1 - 20:1 P =

0.9+21.75 10 Light >20:1 P

= ~ 0.821.4 30 Moderate >20:1 P

= ~0.719.5 40 Intense >20:1 P

= ~ 0.4518.3 55 Extreme >20:1 P

= ~ 0.2 * Instantaneous rate of fishing mortality and emigration.

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Figure 2. Plot of species with W-E and E-W trend in abundances according to site ordered from west (West Bay) toeast (Boxing Bay) on NW coast of Kangaroo I.

At all events, such modest levels of fishing, as seen on the NW coast of the Island, would likely have little or no detectable effect on abundances of near-shore reef fishes.

Fishing intensity increases with proximity to population centres, so it is not surprising that fishing intensity is generally quite low along the whole coast, much of which fronts large privately owned blocks with no public beach access, and is thus inaccessible to shore fishers. Fishing intensity declines to zero at sites furthest from the populated eastern end of the Island. The sites with moderate fishing intensity, Capes Dutton and Cassini, Dashwood Bay and Stokes Bay, are all readily accessible, and/or have a few shacks along the shore.Spearfishers, however, do not usually target wrasse, so the effect of their fishing on wrasses or any other species cannotbe judged by the above method.

Uncommon and rare speciesDespite dives collectively at 15 locations, few rare reef fishspecies were recorded along the north coast during the surveysin 2007 and 2008. Notable examples include one specimen of Heraldia, possibly a young juvenile of Heraldia sp. 1, or an unknown species in the genus, which was observed and photographed by a member of our team (H. Crawford) during the survey period (see Baker et al., 2009). The specimen was observed inside a crevice near the sea urchin (Heliocidaris erythrogramma), at about 2m deep, in the Dashwood Bay area of Kangaroo Island.

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We sighted and photographed a number of uncommonly recorded reef species that are targeted by fishers, and of conservationconcern due to their strong site association, longevity and other factors, and these included luderick, harlequin fish, banded morwong, rock ling and southern blue devil (see Baker et al., 2009a).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe thank Envirofund, for providing funding support for rare fish surveys in 2007 and 2008, that enabled these additional data to be collected. Thanks also to Coastcare for funding Reef Watch (under Conservation Council of SA), which assisted the 2004 survey, and Dr Sue Murray-Jones and Patricia von Baumgarten (Dept Environment and Heritage) for funding supportfor the 2002 survey (for blue groper). We thank Danny Ashcroft, Heidi Bartram, Danny Brock, James Brook, Kathy Brown, Chris Hall, Martine Kinloch and Juliet Mather for assisting with the diving. Martine Kinloch kindly made the Kangaroo I. NRM boat (skippered on separate occasions by Tony Geyer and Danny Brock) available for surveys. We especially thank Mr and Mrs David Lucas for access to Snug Cove, and for maintaining its pristine condition.

ReferencesBaker, J.L. (2004) Towards a System of Ecologically Representative Marine Protected Areas in South Australian Marine Bioregions - Technical Report. Report and CD for Coast and Marine Conservation Branch, Department for Environment and Heritage, South Australia. 1250p. http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/marineparks/pdfs/part_2.pdf

Baker, J., Shepherd, S.A., Crawford, H., Brown, A., Smith, K., Lewis, J. and Hall, C. (2009a) Surveys of Uncommon / Rare and Cryptic Reef Fishes in South Australia. Envirofund Project 63120. Report to Envirofund program, Commonwealth Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. October, 2009.

Baker, J.L., Crawford, H., Muirhead, D., Shepherd, S.A, Brook, J., Brown, A., and Hall, C. (2009b) Uncommon, cryptic and site-associated reef fishes: results of surveys along Fleurieu Peninsula

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and in Encounter Bay. Report for Adelaide and Mt Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board, South Australia. August, 2009.‘Brock, D. and Kinloch, M. (2007) Reef Fish Biodiversity on Kangaroo Island. Oceans of Blue: Coast, Estuarine and Marine Monitoring Program. A report prepared for the Kangaroo Island Natural ResourcesManagement Board.

Shepherd, S.A. and Baker, J.L. (2008) Reef fishers of lower Gulf St Vincent. In: Shepherd, S.A., Bryars, S., Kirkegaard, I., Harbison, P. and Jennings, J.T. (Eds) Natural History of Gulf St Vincent. Royal Societyof South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia.

Shepherd, S.A., Baker, J.L. and Brown, A. (2008, 2009) Reef fishes of NE Kangaroo I. A nursery role for Eastern Cove? 13 p. Reports forDept for Environment and Heritage of South Australia (2009), and Envirofund program, Commonwealth Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (2009).

Shepherd, S.A., Brook, J. and Brown, A. (2002) A preliminary survey of the western blue groper on Kangaroo Island. Reef Watch Report, 10pp. (Conservation Council of SA, Adelaide).

Shepherd, S., Kinloch, M.A. and Bartram, H. (2004) A pilot study of inshore reef fish assemblages on Kangaroo Island. Kangaroo Island Natural Resources Board, Kingscote. 7p.

Shepherd, S.A., Brook, J. and Xiao, Y. (2009) Environmental and fishing effects on the abundance, size and sex ratio of the blue-throated wrasse, Notolabrus tetricus, on South Australian coastal reefs. Fisheries Management and Ecology (in review).

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APPENDICES.

Appendix 1. Examples of sites surveyed, each replicate covering 500 m2, and mean densities of reef-associated fish species recorded per 2000 m2. Group 1 = pelagic species found throughout water column; Group 2 = species associated with sand or seagrass that wander into reef areas; Group 3 = benthic omnivores or carnivores; Group 4 = species which live and move about under the algal canopy or rest in shelter; Group 5 = cave-dwelling or cryptic species; Group 6: deeper water schooling species which also have a close association with shallow reef structures. A: WB = West Bay; HR = Harvey’s Return; SC = Snug Cove (3 sites); WR = Western River Cove; SN = Snellings Beach; KG = King George Beach; CD = “Wallaby Bay”, between Cape Dutton and Stokes Bay; SB = Stokes Bay (3 sites); CA = Cape Cassini; DB = Dashwood Bay; DE = Cape D’Estaing; EB = Emu Bay (east), and BB = Boxing Bay.

Sites WB HR SC(1)

SC(2)

SC(3)

WR SN KG CD SB(1)

SB(2)

SB(3)

CA DB DE EB BB

Number of replicate500m2

8 8 4 44 4

4 4 4 4 4 4 8 4 4 8 4

Fishes Density/2000m2Group 1Seriola lalandiyellowtail kingfish

0.5

Arripis truttaceus West Australian salmon

80 80 1

Dinolestes lewini long-finned pike

1 11

Scorpis aequipinnissea sweep

82.5

72 167 234 6 135

41 102 55 24 69 44 104 64 30 5

Scorpis georgianusbanded sweep

7 5 7 39

13

4.5 81Pseudocaranx georgianussilver trevally

9 7.5 6 22.5

Caesioperca rasorbarber perch

52

Enoplosus armatusold wife

1 7 114

1

Arripis georgianus tommy ruff

55 2

Mugil cephalussea mullet

4 2

Sites WB HR SC(1)

SC(2)

SC(3)

WR SN KG CD SB(1)

SB(2)

SB(3)

CA DB DE EB BB

Group 2Myliobatis australiseagle ray

1

Dasyatis brevicaudatasmooth stingray

1

Sillaginodes punctataKing George whiting

3

Haletta semifasciatablue weed whiting

0.5 1

Siphonognathus radiatuslong-ray weed whiting

1

Siphonognathus attenuatusslender weed whiting

0.5

Upeneichthys vlamingii 3 2 1 1 1

14

blue-spotted goatfish / red mulletGroup 3Heterodontus portusjacksoniPt Jackson shark

4 10

Achoerodus gouldiiwestern blue groper

7 21 20.5 1716

2 1 10 3 10 8 5 2.5 1

Dactylophora nigricansdusky morwong

1.5 1.5 15

5 3 5 12 9 9 4.5 7 2.5 7

Kyphosus sydneyanussilver drummer

3 2.5 8 1106

6 1 9 10 19 14 65.5

18 18 19 8

Pentaceropsis recurvirostris long-snouted boarfish

1.5 1

2

Cheilodactylus nigripesmagpie perch

13 20.5 20.5 2222 23

8 4 3 6 8 6 5.5 8 11 9 1

Girella tricuspidataluderick

0.5 0.5

Girella zebra zebra fish

22.5

39.5 18.5 66 108 204 21 156 54 185 5 5 70.5

291 51 41 7

Notolabrus tetricus blue-throated wrasse

92 102.5

226 250 144 118 68 70 47 168 99 82 91 124 149 75 87

Group 3 (cont.)Sites WB HR SC(1 SC(2 SC(3 WR SN KG CD SB(1 SB(2 SB(3 CA DB DE EB BB

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) ) ) ) ) )Notolabrus parilusbrown-spotted wrasse

2 2 4 1 1 0.5 2

Dotalabrus aurantiacusCastelnau’s wrasse

1 1

1

Austrolabrus maculatusblack-spotted wrasse

11 2

Ophthalmolepis lineolatusMaori wrasse

1 1

Meuschenia flavolineatayellow-stripe leatherjacket

3.5 5 4 5 2 4 4 18 8

Meuschenia freycinetisix-spined leatherjacket

3 1 1 2

Meuschenia hippocrepishorseshoe leatherjacket

4 24.5 26 7 1 2 26 1 5 10.5 1 19 9.5

Acanthaluteres vittigertoothbrush leatherjacket

1.5 1

Meuschenia galiiblue-lined leatherjacket

1 1 1

Acanthaluteres browniispiny-tail LJ

1

Brachaluteres jacksonianuspygmy leatherjacket

0.5

Chelmonops curiosuswestern talma

1 2 1

16

Sites WB HR SC(1)

SC(2)

SC(3)

WR SN KG CD SB(1)

SB(2)

SB(3)

CA DB DE EB BB

Group 4Aplodactylus arctidenssouthern sea carp

32.5

3 3.5 6 11 3 0.5

Parascyllium variolatumvaried catshark

1

Odax acroptilusrainbow cale

0.5 1 0.5 0.5 1

Odax cyanomelasherring cale

1.5 11 18.5 23 7 24 4 12 2 9 1 20.5 4 17 8.5 5

Pictilabrus laticlaviussenator wrasse

0.5 3.5 7 12 11 2 1 3.5 4 5 1

Parma victoriaeVictorian scalyfin

3 6.5 5 10 4 3 2 3 6 6 1 6

Tilodon sexfasciatus6-banded coral fish

6 1 4 1 3 20 5 5 4 4.5 3 3 2.5 1

Anoplocapros lenticularis white-barred boxfish

1 1

Tetractenos glaber 1 2

17

smooth toadfishDiodon nicthemerusglobefish

2

Lepidoblennius marmoratuswestern jumping blenny

1

Sites WB HR SC(1)

SC(2)

SC(3)

WR SN KG CD SB(1)

SB(2)

SB(3)

CA DB DE EB BB

Group 5Paraplesiops meleagriswestern blue devil

1

Pempheris multiradiatacommon bullseye

3 1 1 12

Trachinops noarlungaey-headed hulafish

35

Trachinops caudimaculatussouthern

25

18

hulafishGroup 6Centroberyx gerrardiBight redfish

1

Centroberyx lineatusswallowtail

9

Nemadactylus valenciennesisouthern blue morwong / queen snapper

6 3 0.5

Callorhincus miliielephant fish

2

Number of species

11 17 28 28 18 14 15 15 9 15 14 16 23 13 12 19 21

Number of individuals

259 349 582 921 357 526 168 394 178 534 315 194 459 536 377 272 139

Female mean size(cm)

21.6

23.3 23.6 22.3 23.3 19.8

21.7

21.7

21.1

21.1 21.1 24.9 22.3

20.7

21.4

22.0 22.0

Sex ratio (F:M)

4.8 4.3 6.2 8.5 11.9 8.3 16 16 16.5

16.9 11.8 8.5 5.1 20 10.3

12 16.3

Appendix 2. Reef fishes recorded (* = present) in addition to those from timed swims (Appendix 1, above), during searches for uncommon benthic fish species, and during Reef Life Survey transects, undertaken at sites along northern Kangaroo Island, December 2008..CF = Cape Forbin; SC = Snug Cove; WR = Western River Cove; SN = Snellings Beach; CD = “Wallaby Bay”, between Cape Dutton and Stokes Bay; SB = Stokes Bay; DB = Dashwood Bay, BB= Boxing Bay, and PM = Point Marsden.

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Species CF SC WR SN CD SB DB BB PMAsymbolus vincentiGulf catshark *

Bovichtus angustifronsdragonet / thornfish *

Centroberyx gerrardiBight redfish * *

Centroberyx lineatusswallowtail * *

Eubalichthys cyanourablue-tailed leatherjacket *

Cheilodactylus spectabilisbanded morwong *

Eubalichthys gunniiGunn's leatherjacket *

Genypterus tigerinusrock ling *

Heraldia sp.upside-down pipefish *

Helcogramma decurrensblack-throated threefin * *

Hypoplectrodes nigroruberBlack-banded Sea Perch *

Lotella rhacinabeardie *

Nemadactylus valenciennesisouthern blue morwong / queen snapper

*

Othos dentexharlequin fish *

Platycephalus speculatorsouthern blue-spotted flathead *

Siphonognathus beddomei

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pencil weed whitingUrolophus gigasspotted stingaree

21