Accepted by M. Vences: 24 Aug. 2007; published: 10 Oct. 2007 45

ZOOTAXAISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)

ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)Copyright © 2007 · Magnolia Press

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A new species of Scinax (Anura, Hylidae) of the S. ruber clade from Minas

Gerais, Brazil

LEANDRO DE OLIVEIRA DRUMMOND1, DÉLIO BAÊTA2 & MARIA RITA SILVÉRIO PIRES1

1Laboratório de Zoologia dos Vertebrados, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus

Morro do Cruzeiro, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, BRAZIL. E-mail: barrocolod@hotmail.com; mritasp@iceb.ufop.br.2Museu Nacional,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, São cristovão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

E-mail: deliobaeta@gmail.com.

Abstract

We describe a new species of treefrog from the ruber clade of the genus Scinax, from Serra do Cabral, State of MinasGerais, Brazil. Scinax cabralensis is characterized by a small size, slightly arched and faintly distinct canthus rostralis,spotted pattern of coloration on dorsum, thighs with transversal bars, granular skin on dorsum and venter, rounded snoutin dorsal view, and distinct advertisement call. Additionally, data on advertisement and territorial calls and notes on nat-ural history and habitat are provided.

Key words: Dendropsophini; Scinax cabralensis; advertisement call; territorial call; Serra do Cabral

Resumo

No presente artigo é descrita uma nova espécie de anfíbio do clado ruber, gênero Scinax, da Serra do Cabral, Estado deMinas Gerais, Brasil. Scinax cabralensis é caracterizada pelo pequeno tamanho, canto rostral ligeiramente curvo e poucodistinto, por um padrão de coloração dorsal composto por pintas, coxas com barras transversais, pele do dorso e ventregranular, focinho arredondado em vista dorsal e canto de anúncio distinto. Dados sobre os cantos de anúncio e territorial,história natural e hábitat são também apresentados.

Palavras-chave: Dendropsophini; Scinax cabralensis; canto de anúncio; canto territorial; Serra do Cabral

Introduction

The Neotropical genus Scinax is currently composed of 94 species of tree frogs (Frost, 2007; Brasileiro et al.,2007a; Brasileiro et al., 2007b) divided in two clades: the S. catharinae and the S. ruber clade (Faivovich et

al., 2005). The S. ruber clade is composed of two groups, Scinax rostratus group and Scinax uruguayus group,and a large number of species currently unassigned to any species group (Faivovich et al., 2005). Currently,seventeen species of this clade are recorded from southeastern Brazil (Pugliese et al., 2004; Caramashi andCardoso, 2006; Frost, 2007), being, in alphabetical order: Scinax alter (B. Lutz,1973), Scinax caldarum (B.Lutz, 1968), Scinax camposseabrai (Bokermann, 1966), Scinax cardosoi (Carvalho e Silva and Peixoto,1991), Scinax crospedospilus (A. Lutz, 1925), Scinax curicica Pugliese, Pombal and Sazima (2004) Scinax

cuspidatus (A. Lutz, 1925), Scinax duartei (B. Lutz, 1951), Scinax eurydice (Bokermann, 1968), Scinax fus-

comarginatus (A. Lutz, 1925), Scinax fuscovarius (A. Lutz, 1925), Scinax hayii (Barbour, 1909), Scinax

maracaya (Cardoso and Sazima, 1980), Scinax perereca Pombal, Haddad, and Kasahara, 1995, Scinax pinima

DRUMMOND ET AL.46 · Zootaxa 1612 © 2007 Magnolia Press

(Bokermann and Sazima, 1973) Scinax similis (Cochran, 1952), and Scinax squalirostris (A. Lutz, 1925). Sci-

nax x-signatus (Spix, 1824) is not considered here (explanations in Pombal et al., 1995b). Herein, we describe a new species of the Scinax ruber clade from the region of Serra do Cabral, an iso-

lated orographic domain belonging to the mountainous complex of the Serra do Espinhaço, mid-northernregion of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Vocalizations and notes on natural history are also given.

Material and methods

Comparisons of specimens were based on observations of museum material and on literature informationfrom Lutz (1954), Cochran (1955), Bokermann (1968), Lutz (1973), Cardoso and Sazima (1980), Heyer et al.

(1990), Carvalho-e-Silva and Peixoto (1991), Pombal et al. (1995), Kwet and Di-Bernardo (1999), Pugliese et

al. (2004) and Caramaschi and Cardoso (2006). Specimens examined for comparisons are deposited in thefollowing collections: AL-MN (Adolpho Lutz collection, deposited in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro,RJ, Brazil), MNRJ (Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil), MCNAM (Amphibian collection, Museu deCiências Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil) and LZV (Laboratório deZoologia dos Vertebrados, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil). Specimens examined are listedin the Appendix.

Abbreviations used for the measurements of adult specimens are SVL (snout-vent length), HL (headlength), HW (head width ), IOD (interorbital distance), END (eye-nostril distance), ESD (eye-snout distance);IND (internasal distance), ND (nostril diameter), TD (timpanum diameter), ED (eye diameter), THL (thighlength); TBL (tibia length), TL (tarsus length), FL (foot length), AL (arm length), FAL (forearm length), HAL(hand length), D3FW (disc of the third finger width), and D4TW (disc of the fourth toe width ). All measure-ments (in millimeters) were taken with a caliper to the nearest 0.1 mm and with an ocular micrometer in aZeiss stereomicroscope and followed Duellman (2001), Cei (1980), and Lynch and Duellman (1997).

Webbing formula notation followed Savage and Heyer (1967) as modified by Myers and Duellman(1982) and Savage and Heyer (1997). Snout shape standards followed Heyer et al. (1990).

Advertisement calls were recorded with a Panasonic RQ-L31 portable cassette recorder with an integratedmicrophone. Spectrograms were analyzed with the softwares Avisoft-Sonograph Light 1, version 2.7 andCool Edit Pro, version 2.0. Vocalizations were digitized and edited at a sampling frequency of 22.05 kHz, FFTwith 256 points, filter Hamming, and 16-bit resolution. Description and terminology of acoustic properties ofcalls follow Duellman and Trueb (1986). Air temperature was registered with a digital thermometer to thenearest 0.5ºC.

Results

Scinax cabralensis sp. nov.

(Figs. 1–4)

Holotype. MNRJ 42883, adult male, from the Municipality of Joaquim Felício (UTM Zone 23-585557/8041721 44d11'35.432"W,17d42'35.034"S), State of Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil, collected by L.O.Drummond in 30 November 2004.

Paratypes. MNRJ 42884, MNRJ 42887-42888, adult males, and MNRJ 42885, adult female, collectedwith the holotype; MNRJ 42886, adult female, from the Municipality of Buenópolis, collected by L.O. Drum-mond in 22 november 2004.

Diagnosis: A species of Scinax belonging to the S. ruber clade (sensu Faivovich, 2005), characterized by(1) small size for the clade (males SVL 22.5–25.0mm); (2) a spotted pattern of coloration on dorsum, with no

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stripes or “parenthesis-like” marking; (3) absence of yellow flash color on the posterior surfaces of thighs andhidden portions of shanks; (4) granular skin on the dorsum and venter; (5) rounded snout in dorsal view ; (6)advertisement call with a multipulsed note with low number of pulses (6–19 pulses), long duration (mean 0,64s), and high dominant frequency (mean 3.99 kHz).

FIGURE 1. Scinax cabralensis, holotype (MNRJ 42883; SVL 25.0 mm), dorsal and ventral views.

Comparison with other species. Scinax cabralensis differs from S. duartei, S. eurydice, S. fuscovarius,S. hayii, S. maracaya, S. perereca and S. similis by the smaller size in males (22.5 –25.1 mm in S. cabralensis;males combined SVL 27.00–50.00 mm in the other species). Scinax cabralensis differs from S. alter, S. cal-

darum, S. camposseabrai, S. cardosoi, S. crospedospilus, S. curicica, S. cuspidatus, S. duartei, S. eurydice, S.

fuscomarginatus, S. fuscovarius, S. hayii, S. maracaya, S. perereca, S. pinima, S. similis and S. squalirostris

by the spotted pattern of coloration on the dorsum. By the absence of yellow flash color on the posterior sur-faces of thighs and hidden portions of shanks, Scinax cabralensis differs from S. caldarum, S. camposseabrai,

S. cardosoi, S. crospedospilus, S. curicica, S. duartei, S. eurydice, S. fuscovarius, S. hayii, S. maracaya and S.

perereca. Scinax cabralensis differs from S. alter, S. caldarum, S. camposseabrai, S. cardosoi, S. crospedospi-

lus, S. curicica, S. cuspidatus, S. duartei, S. eurydice, S. fuscomarginatus, S. fuscovarius, S. hayii, S. similis,and S. squalirostris by its granular skin of the dorsum. S. cabralensis is distinguished from S. alter, S. cal-

darum, S. cardosoi, S. crospedospilus, S. curicica, S. cuspidatus, S. duartei, S. fuscovarius, S. hayii, S. mara-

caya, S. similis and S. squalirostris by the rounded format of the snout in dorsal view. Scinax cabralensis isdistinguished from S. alter, S. curicica, S. cuspidatus, S. duartei, S. eurydice, S. fuscomarginatus, and S. pere-

reca by the high number of notes (6–19) in the advertisement call (1 note in S. alter, S. curicica, S. cuspidatus,S. duartei, S. eurydice, S. fuscomarginatus, and S. perereca); and from S. cuspidatus, S. duartei, S. eurydice, S.

fuscovarius, S. hayii, and S. maracaya by the longer duration of the advertisement call (0,31–1,01s in S.

cabralensis; 0.12–0.15s in S. cuspidatus; 0.20s in S. duartei; 0.09–0.11s in S. eurydice; 0.17–0.20s in S. fusco-

varius; 0.19–0.32s in S. hayii; 0.28s in S. maracaya). From S. caldarum, S. crospedospilus, S. curicica, Scinax

duartei, S. eurydice, S. fuscovarius, S. hayii, S. maracaya, and S. perereca, S. cabralensis differs by the higherdominant frequency of the advertisement call (3,7–4,22 kHz in S. cabralensis; 2.41–2.61 in S. caldarum; 1.2–1.5 kHz in S. crospedospilus; 2.6–3.6 kHz in S. curicica; 2.15–2.85 in S. duartei; 2.8–3.4 kHz in S eurydice;0.8–3.6 kHz in S. fuscovarius; 1.2–2.8 kHz in S. hayii, 1.0–3.5 kHz in S. maracaya; 1.3–1.6 kHz in S. pere-

reca).

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Description of holotype. Body slender; size small for the group (25.0 mm SVL); head approximately aslarge as wide (Fig. 1) and as wide as the body, its length corresponding to 36.5% of SVL; snout rounded indorsal view and subacuminate in lateral view (Fig. 2A, B); nostrils dorsolateral, rounded, in the top of a smallelevation nearly the extremity of snout; canthus rostralis slightly arched and faintly distinct; loreal regionslightly concave; eyes medium sized, its diameter corresponding to 34% of head width; tympanum distinctand rounded (Fig. 2B); supratympanic fold short; vocal sac single, median, subgular; vocal slits located later-ally on mouth floor; tongue large, lance-shaped, notched posteriorly, barely free; choanae elliptical; vomerineteeth in two straight series, close to each other between the choanae; pectoral fold present.

FIGURE 2. Scinax cabralensis, holotype MNRJ 42883. (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of head (scale: 5 mm); ventralviews of (C) hand and (D) foot (scale 2: mm).

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Arms slender, forearms moderately robust; fingers slender, medium-sized, relative lengths I<II<IV<III,with no nuptial pad; inner metacarpal tubercle single, elliptical, weakly developed; outer metacarpal tubercledivided, elliptical; subarticular and supernumerary tubercles single, rounded or conical; subarticular tuberclein the fourth finger more developed than the others; fingers not webbed with poorly developed fringes; fingerdiscs elliptical, wider than long; the disc of finger I smaller than the others; the disc of finger III as wide as thetympanum (Fig. 2C).

Legs moderately robust; toes with relative lengths I<II<III=V<IV; inner metatarsal tubercle single, ellipti-cal; outer metatarsal tubercle single, rounded; subarticular and supernumerary tubercles single, rounded (Fig.

2D); toe discs elliptical, wider than long. Webbing formula I 2- - 2 II 2- - 3 III 2+ - 3- IV 2+ - 11/2 V. Skin on dor-sum and venter granular with tubercles on dorsum; belly and chest granular.

FIGURE 3. Scinax cabralensis, paratype (MNRJ 42886, adult female) photographed in life; Serra do Cabral, Municipal-ity of Buenópolis, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Photo by P. H. Bernardo.

Measurements of the holotype. SVL 25.0; HL 9.1; HW 8.8; IOD 3.0; END 3.0; ESD 4.3; IND 2.3; ND0.4; TD 1.4; ED 3.0; THL 12.1; TBL 12.5; TL 6.5; FL 10.6; AL 9.1 ; FAL 4.3; HAL 6.8; D3FW 1.4; D4TW1.2.

Color of the holotype. Dorsum light gray with small dark spots equally distributed. Venter cream,immaculate. Thighs and forearms with dark brown to black transversal stripes. No significant variation can beobserved in the color of live and recently preserved individuals.

Variation. The snout can be subacuminate or rounded in lateral view, and in some individuals nostrils arenot over an elevation. The digital webbing formula presents variation (Tab. 1). Some pustules can be observedin the dorsum, flanks, and legs of some individuals. These pustules were probably caused by some parasite wecould not identify. Color of dorsum may be olive. Variations in measurements are given in table 2.

TABLE 1. Variation in the digital webbing formula of Scinax cabralensis males (n= 4) and females (n=2).

Exemplar Fórmula Digital

MNRJ 42883 I 2- - 2 II 2- - 3 III 2+ - 3- IV 2+ - 11/2 V

MNRJ 42884 I 2- - 2 II 2- - 3 III 11/2 - 3- IV 21/2 - 1+ V

MNRJ 42885 I 2- - 2 II 2- - 3 III 11/2 - 3- IV 21/2 - 1+ V

MNRJ 42886 I 2- - 2 II 2- - 3 III 2- - 3+ IV 21/2 - 1+ V

MNRJ 42887 I 2- - 2+ II 2- - 3- III 12/3 - 3- IV 21/2 - 1+ V

MNRJ 42887 I 2- - 2 II 2- - 3- III 12/3 - 3 IV 22/3 - 1+ V

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Table 2. Range, mean, and standard deviation (SD) of some measurements (in millimeters) of Scinax cabralensis males(n= 4) and females (n=2).

Vocalization. The advertisement call of Scinax cabralensis contains 6–19 notes. Call duration variesbetween 0.31 s and 1.01 s (x = 0.64 s; SD = 0.22; n = 13 calls). Intercall interval ranges from 0.73 to 5.73 s (x= 1.99s; SD = 1.67; n = 9 intervals). Note duration ranges from 0.02 to 0.05 s (x = 0.03 s; SD = 0.01; n = 153),and internote interval from 0.01 to 0.03 s (x = 0.02 s; SD = 0.00; n = 142). Frequency amplitude varies from1.96 kHz (range = 1.81–2.07 kHz; SD = 0.10; n = 13) to 5.52 kHz (range = 5.17–5.94kHz; SD = 0.27; n = 13).Dominant frequency varies from 3.70 to 4.22 kHz (x = 3.99 kHz; SD = 0.15; n = 13).

A different call, resembling “clicks”, is sometimes emitted in intervals between 0.023 and 1.242 s (x =0,513 s; SD = 0.644; n = 3) after a previous advertisement call. It is probably a territorial call containing 2 or3 pulses. The duration of this “click call” varies between 0.12 and 0.20 s (x = 0.17; SD = 0.04; n = 3). Noteduration 0.03 s (x = 0,03s; SD = 0.00; n = 8), and internote interval ranges from 0.05 to 0.06 s (x = 0.05 s; SD= 0.00; n = 5). Frequency amplitude varies from 2.58kHZ (range = 2.41–2.76 kHz; SD = 0.17; n = 3) to 5.38kHz (range = 5.08–5.81 kHz; SD = 0,38; n = 3). Dominant frequency varies from 3.70 to 3.88 kHz (x = 3.76kHz; SD = 0.01; n = 3).

Natural history notes. No activity was registered during the dry season, but one female was found insidea bromeliad. Calling males were founded in high densities, during the beginning of rainy season. They calledat night, perched on the emergent shrubby vegetation as well as on the ground or rocks, at the margins of tem-porary and permanent streams, ponds, and marshes. Dendropsophus minutus, Elachistocleis ovalis, Leptodac-

tylus labyrinthicus, Physalaemus cuvieri, Pseudopaludicola cf. mystacalis, Pseudopaludicola saltica, Scinax

squalirostris and Scinax sp. were found in activity in the same site of S. cabralensis.Distribution. Scinax cabralensis is known only for the region of the Serra do Cabral, in the Municipali-

ties of Joaquim Felício and Buenópolis, State of Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil, but its distribution mayextend to other localities in the Espinhaço Mountain range.

Character Males Females

Range Mean SD Range

SVL 22.5–25.0 23.7 1.0 24.2–25.1

HL 8.2–8.8 8.5 0.3 8.2–8.9

HW 8.3–9.1 8.5 0.4 8.5–9.3

AL 7.4–9.1 8.5 0.8 8.1–8.1

FAL 3.6–4.6 4.2 0.5 4.2–4.5

HAL 6.3–6.8 6.5 0.2 6.0–6.1

THL 10.9–12.1 11.5 0.6 11.2–12.4

TBL 11.3–12.5 11.9 0.5 12.0–12.6

TL 6.4–6.5 6.4 0.1 6.0–6.5

FL 9.0–10.6 9.7 0.7 9.1–9.3

IOD 2.9–3.1 3.0 0.1 3.0–3.5

IND 1.9–2.3 2.1 0.1 2.2–2.3

ND 0.4–0.4 0.4 0.0 0.4–0.4

END 2.7–3.0 2.8 0.2 2.8–2.8

ESD 3.4–4.3 3.9 0.4 3.9–3.9

ED 2.7–3.0 2.8 0.2 2.7–2.7

TD 1.2–1.4 1.3 0.1 1.3–1.3

D3FW 1.06–1.2 1.1 0.1 1.2–1.2

D4TW 1.08–1.35 1.2 0.1 1.1–1.5

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Etymology. The specific name of the new species refers to the Serra do Cabral, complex of mountainswhere the species was found.

FIGURE 4: (A) Waveform and (B) spectrogram of Scinax cabralensis, unvouchered specimen, showing (1) advertise-

ment calls and (2) “click calls”. Serra do Cabral, Municipality of Joaquim Felício, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, on 30

november 2004. Air temperature 18°C; water temperature 19°C.

Acknowledgments

We thank Bruno V. S. Pimenta and Clarissa C. Canedo (MNRJ) for critically reading the manuscript; Hen-rique Wogel and Marcos Bilate for helpful in analysis of the call; Mirele C. Brant for the line drawings; PedroH. Bernardo for the picture of the live animal; Marcos Aurélio Sartóri and Elídio A. E. Guarsoni for the assis-tance in the field and Eduardo S. Cruz and Henrique C. Costa for formatting the figures of this paper. DélioBaêta is grateful for Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for financialsupport.

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Appendix 1. Specimens examined

Scinax alter.—BRAZIL, State of Rio de Janeiro: Maricá (MNRJ 29254-29258, 35755-76); Campos dos Goytacazes(LZV 718A); State of Espírito Santo: Crubixá (MNRJ 4030 holotype; MNRJ 4031, 4032, 14288-14299 paratypes);Guarapari (MNRJ 46532, 46533) ; Santa Teresa (MNRJ 43767)

Scinax caldarum.— BRAZIL, State of Minas Gerais: Morro do Ferro, Poços de Caldas: (MNRJ 4002, holotype; MNRJ4001, alotype; MNRJ 4000, paratype).

Scinax camposseabrai. — State of Bahia: Maracás (MNRJ 4048). State of Minas Gerais: Matias Cardoso (MNRJ 21739-21742, 36258).

Scinax crospedospilus. — BRAZIL, State of São Paulo: Campo Belo (AL-MN 654); Itatiaia (MNRJ 3800).Scinax curicica.— BRAZIL, State of Minas Gerais: Alto Palácio, Jaboticatubas (MNRJ 26327, holotype; MNRJ 26321-

26326, 26339-26340 paratypes; MCNAM 1988-19889, paratypes); Mariana (LZV 125A-129A); Ouro Branco (LZV477A); Ouro Preto (LZV 120A-121A, LZV 131A, LZV 152A, LZV 286A-287A, LZV 327A, LZV 343A, LZV457A, LZV 473A, LZV 601A, LZV 607A-608A, LZV 625A, LZV 650A-651A).

Scinax cuspidatus.— BRAZIL, State of Bahia: Porto Seguro (MNRJ 25629-25631, MNRJ 25656, MNRJ 28902); Stateof Rio de Janeiro: Barra de São João (MNRJ 35673-35680); Maricá (35666-35672); Rio de Janeiro (AL-MN 301-302) (MNRJ 27092-27099).

Scinax duartei.— BRAZIL, State of Minas Gerais: Itatiaia (MNRJ 3257, holotype; MNRJ 4091-4094, paratypes); Itan-handú (LZV 342A-357A); State of São Paulo: Campos do Jordão (LZV 320-322).

Scinax eurydice.— BRAZIL, State of Bahia: Maracás (MNRJ 4050, holotype; MNRJ 16022-16034). Scinax fuscovarius.— BRAZIL, State of Minas Gerais: Juiz de Fora (AL-MN 76, holotype; MNRJ 34957-34960); Ouro

Branco (LZV 141A); Ouro Preto (LZV 038A, 039A, 041A-042A, 288A-289A, 331A, 725A-731A). Scinax hayii.— BRAZIL, State of Rio de Janeiro: Nova Friburgo (MNRJ 26952), Petrópolis (MNRJ 33280); Teresópolis

(MNRJ 2451); State of São Paulo: Campos do Jordão (LZV 623A).Scinax maracaya.— BRAZIL, State of Minas Gerais: Alpinópolis (MNRJ 4119 holotype) Scinax perereca.— BRAZIL, State of São Paulo: Campos do Jordão (MNRJ 40076); Ribeirão Branco (MNRJ 16601-

16604 paratypes), (MNRJ 18226).Scinax similis.— BRAZIL, State of Rio de Janeiro: Grussaí (MNRJ 35131-35160) Manguinhos (MNRJ 3756), Rio de

Janeiro (MNRJ 35681-35682). State of São Paulo: Quiririm (MNRJ 35153-35157).Scinax squalirostris.— BRAZIL, Minas Gerais: Jaboticatubas (MNRJ 45341, 45344); Ouro Preto (Lagoa Seca) (LZV

328A, LZV 544A, LZV 546A, LZV 611A-615A); Poços de Caldas (MNRJ 45341-45344).