General System Theory of Violence

Mathematical illustration of the violence/complexity function

text and graphics document

COBAWU © Institute Complexity Balanced World United

Wuppertal Andreu Miquel Ginestet Menke,

Federation of German Scientists-VDW, Catholic University Münster (andresginestet@web.de) Karolin Kappler,

University of Barcelona, University of Hagen (karolinkappler@web.de) 2015©

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Abstract

This document concentrates on the mathematical paradigms of violence. An approach to an explanation of how genetics get involved is supplied. By these means, genetics and mathematics get linked. The system of violence being identified, can be replaced by a different system, at least in theory. In practice, a replacement of the System of violence depends on a critical mass of people using a critical mass of knowledge and emotional bonding to make the change happen.

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Hypothesis 1.  A prejudice: violence has been and is considered as inevitable and “necessary” to

human condition. The same happened with slavery, colonialism, illnesses, etc. 2.  If the prejudice can be substituted by a new knowledge, what should it be like? 3.  How is it possible to vertebrate a human life without violence? First ideas:

1.  construct vital problems 2.  administrate paradoxes of social systems, 3.  create complexity, rule complexity, administer complexity, educate and refine

complexity, 4.  use transdisciplinarity, 5.  identify fragments under laboratory conditions, 6.  administrate critical masses, etc.

4.  From a system perspective, violence apparently converts into a phenomenon that has a function within human kind that must be defined in a positive way, and, once understood, has a solution in spite of its individual and social dimension.

5.  Violence, as mentioned in the introduction, is interpreted as now and here as a regulating mechanism for non sustainable vital complexity.

6.  But there are equivalently good alternatives on a system level and, 7.  Better ones on a social level. 8.  Mathematics are feared in human sciences, never the less they form part of the

sociological every day life and work. How can we apply mathematics to the problem in a descriptive and useful way?

9.  What is the outcome of a new mathematical idea about the reality of violence as told?

10.  By whom and how can the necessary work be done to implement the effort?

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Functions of the violence system

in a System Theory perspective and from the perspective of the vital system as the prior and reigning system, which is the role of the violence system in regards with the natural, the social and the vital system?

system theory schemes explain the functions of violence within the vital system. These schemes are examples and models of thought and don’t aim to represent real data or concepts. These are illustrations of mathematical formula put into diagrams. Further implementation with data is required in order to construct a real basis of analysis. Any data collected can be fed in the scheme according to local needs of interpretation. The formula can be applied to any known social context that can provide enough records and data.

The violence system is represented as a regulating system. It processes non sustainable vital complexity and complexity crisis that are not being dealt with by skilled persons and by awareness.

Non sustainable complexity is any complexity that is not being looked at and that is not being organized, regulated or mediated by human know-how. Expressed in a different way: any form of vital material that is not organized in a sufficiently sustainable way will be confronted with other competing organized life forms or organized material and eventually be harmed, destroyed or replaced, and this in human terms is considered to be violence.

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A complexity crisis occurs, when - due to the collision between the vital interests of a group of humans and the lack of resources - there are no cultural tools and skills to regulate a conflict of interests. A complexity crisis reduces freedom and life opportunities. A complexity crisis invites violence as a system to step in. Every time complexity growth steps out of human control, the violence system cuts it down until the forces of vitality compensate the effort of destruction and vital complexity is stronger than destruction. For this to happen, the opportunity needs to exist.

The tool provided by the vital system to cut down non sustainable growth of complexity is death and violence. Violence and death do cut down freedom of vital development with no regard of its qualities. Violence as a system is blind but will certainly go for weaker forms of vitality like humans coming from a victim family-line.

Violence coincides with Darwin’s evolutionary concept : If the regulating violence system had not been working during evolution, the human population would have grown in “geometric progression” from the very beginning in such numbers, that it would not have had time to evolve, because it would have eaten away resources, before it became aware of the process. Within few generations, human population would have grown in infinite numbers. (Charles Darwin, 1859, The origin of species, chapter about the “battle for existence”)

Another side effect is that the slowness of evolution of growth of human population smoothed competition with other species. How many species would have been extinguished otherwise? Slowness also provides for crossbreeding and evolution. Slowness is a plea for evolved quality intelligence against quantity.

So: one big single crisis of complexity is replaced by several smaller ones.

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Intelligence and violence don’t contradict each other. Killing and hurting humans violently goes with the fact that humans are different of animals and are intelligent. Violence is subjected to the natural property of humans owning an intellect.

Violence is organized by intelligence as a mean of reduction of non sustainable complexity only if and as long as humans don’t find other tools that will replace the function of violence in controlling and ruling vital complexity. In the end, violence is a regulative for the complexity regarding all living species on the planet as long as it is not replaced by a

regulative substituting the function of anarchic complexity growth. From the perspective of the vital system itself (what we call nature) “Legitimate tools” to be

used managing non sustainable human complexity are: all forms of violence existing as long as violence is not replaced by any intelligent human tool. Replacing violence is a logical consequence of the evolution of thought and intelligence in our days. The substitution of violence by other real, valid and intelligent means needs to be and is developed in steps.

The first step is the -currently undertaken- construction of awareness of the phenomenon of the exponential growth of vital accountable mathematical complexity.

The new means of intelligence will organize complexity at all levels. Last but not least: human intelligence is not intelligent enough yet.

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The Violence System and the coupling with other systems in a System Theory perspective.

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Explanation of problems interpreting system theory schemes •  The scheme above was thought of and worked at from 1998 on and realized

as the simple scheme it is now some time in the year 2001 •  In a system theory perspective, no more explanations are requested. •  This is -in a system theory perspective- a complete picture of communications

and it is sufficient to interpret reality. •  The problem was that excepted very few persons -thinking in system theory

terms- not many else would be able to understand the meaning of what it shows.

•  This interpretation was not sufficient for a sociological, economical or political understanding.

•  The transdisciplinary approach required more efforts. •  The efforts were also intensified after reading a system theory treaty that

revealed some dangerous tendencies, because it totally ignored the system of violence as such and was based upon the hypothesis that it had to be assumed, that the system of violence was something unavoidable, at least in the year 2000 (L’homme symbiotique, Joel de Rosnay, 2000)

•  The efforts lead into a more complex interpretation of the factors tied in with the system theory as well with many concessions towards sociology in the first place that even contradict system theory thinking and need to be explained as disturbing elements in system theory terms.

•  In order to make a transdisciplinary product, and in order to make the message available to the general public, the model has to be expanded and to have a sociological structure as is explained in the next scheme. 8

Specifics of the relationships between systems

•  Competition / Cooperation •  Exclusion / Inclusion •  Growth / Reduction •  Sensitive / brutal •  Flexible / rigid •  Organization / disorganization (chaos) •  Diversification / Reduction of diversity •  Depending / Independent •  Time bound / timeless •  Space bound / space less •  System bound / non systemic •  Probable / Improbable •  Uniformity / diversity •  Etc,

To be extended and continued.

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Second scheme -the Violence System and the coupling with other systems in a combined System Theory and sociological perspective transdisciplinary modus.

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Ginestet combined with Galtung: first level of transformation oriented towards a ruling of complexity integrating sociological thought written by Galtung into a system structure that puts the vital system into perspective with the social systems as subsystems.

Natural system

Vital system

Social system

Violence system

human beings

composed of

psychic and

organic systems

with inner and outer sanctions (IS + OS)

Political system

Educational system

Economical system

Cultural system

Legal systems

Psychic system

Organic system

Health system

Communications systems

Social transformations

via massive

education genetic

transformation and

transformation of

relations and the

integration of new

knowledge about

the matter.

Positive feedback

Negative feedback

All sub-systems

of each system

interlacing trans-

connecting intersecting

hitting conflicting globalizing glocalizing

individualizing universalizing

And transcending

in an internalized

culture

Institutionalized structures

Research system

etc Time orientation and action direction following Prigogine and not Einstein

The black arrows show the priority of influence of one system upon another

The free curved arrows show the tendencies of

feedback that condition the previous priority of

Influence without altering the main direction of the

priority of influence

Proportional influence of one system on the other in a reciprocity scheme that varies in Degree, intensity and Variety from 10 to 100 But does change the

Priority of influence

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Functions of the cellular scheme

Type of violence Organic function Systemic function

human trafficking / trafficking of drugs and robbed goods 1st stage

blood circuit carry actions / products / patterns transformed by the actions using psychic, consciousness and organic systems

language, aesthetics

lymphatic circuit carry codes

natural violence lungs bring fresh and surprised victims into the system

command chains: states, administrations, organizations executing ideas and plans implementing violence, structural violence

nervous system Pass the message of violence into all the vital organs or functions of the system violence

economic criminality, feeding all the criminal nets, robbery, theft

stomach Pass victims and aggressors into the system via decomposition of vital fragments that were serving the social system

prisons + psychiatry liver + kidneys Get rid of useless actors within the system, all those actors who don’t fulfill any more the required function

organized criminality + state brain Organize the intelligence of the violence and its ability in occupying environment and conquering systems

trafficking nets, drug production, weapon production, trafficking of robbed goods 2nd stage, money laundry

digestive organs Transform primary goods in internalized elements of the system

violence at schools, hooligans, … muscular system Enables the “cell” or the animal to hold its body together and implies cell growth within its own boundaries as well as it brings elements vital to the cell into its different regions

sexual violence genetical code Passes the non visible elements of violence with accuracy into the next generation of innocents.

Table of possible contents, only example, no definitive idea

Example of a further integration of the criteria used by Galtung and Ginestet in a cross diagram with alleged data, as a model of distribution in a fictive country (could be a European country) that shows how a further classification of descriptive categories could show tendencies and combinations of different kinds of violence in different settings and their social meaning and consequences become apparent.

Type of violence

Organic function

Systemic function Descriptive characters class Depth in time

Wirte carriers

(Structural, Natural, Inter-personal)

In the biol. metaphor of a vital form of life

Gender Generation Deviance race military economic political cultural Life- time, genera-tions

Prisons (Structural) Biased by law

liver + kidneys

Get rid of useless actors within the system, all those actors who don’t fulfill any more the required function adequate to the functioning and reproduction of the system violence

80% male 20% female

60% Under 30 40% Over 30

60% Traumatized childhood 40% Social alienation

60% Black 20% Asian 20% White

10% 40% 10% 40% >= generations

person + law + culture

95% XY

90% XY 50% 20%

5% XX 10% XX 50% 80%

Psychiatry (Structural)biased by health

Liver+ kidneys

Get rid of useless actors within the system, all those actors who don’t fulfill any more the required function adequate to the functioning and reproduction of the system violence

80% Female 20% male

40% Under 40 60% Over 40

90% Traumatized childhood 10% Social alienation

90% white 10% Arab

2% 5% 3% 90% generations

Person+ Health care system + culture

50% XY 50% XX

80% XY 20% XX

20% XY 80% XX

30% XY 70% XX

People travel in and out of the “cell” as they live and spend time Either free or captured by violence

Cellular scheme of the system violence within the vital system. It has a permeable skin and shares space with the social system and the natural system. In a scheme with all four systems, there would be intersections between the cells or systems.

Violence and trauma correlation 1.  As a key element of understanding to the mathematics this is to be told: the ideas

presented within this document do not represent a common opinion.

2.  The ideas presented are biased on the latest results of research, which are not validated in all the world and have not been sufficiently proven in every country in the world, but do never the less coincide with assumptions written as early as in 1996, and propositions stated 1998, when research on violence started at Bochum University in Germany.

3.  The explanations given within the frame of the present theory seem to be backed up by practical empiric experiences with clients in the field since 1980 and the presently used research lasting since 1996 with victims of sexual violence. Certainty needs validation time.

4.  Also, even if the presently used medical explanation written by Moshe Szyf and Michael Meany -assuming it’s the most accurate since 2008- gets replaced some time by a further evolved explanation, it will not change the validity of a system theory based concept. The concept in system theory terms is built in a way, so that any explanation is valid as long as it suits the internal system functions.

5.  The first medical explanation that serves as illustration within this document, operates on the concept that trauma destroys neuronal tissue and i.e. cuts down the neuronal circuits between the parts of the memory where the trauma is imbedded and the language and communication center in the brain.

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6.  This explanation on its own is enough to explain deviant attitudes and behavior as well as a new set of priorities for the victim, and it satisfies the needs of construction of system theory to a certain extent, but this is not enough to explain the fact that the violence syndrome gets passed to the next generation and the fact that children of raped women are 4 to 10 times more likely to be raped themselves depending on the very many circumstances in which the studies are done (variables like country, society type, violent context, poverty, etc…)

7.  Victimization varies on more factors, as i.e. the social / individual resilience factors have to be considered and a big varying quantity of cases is silenced by taboo.

8.  Not having any further explanation, it is to be assumed that this neuronal destruction gets passed on the children in the second generation and up to 4 further generations. How does this happen? The causes were generally unknown and were researched according to a questioning.

9.  There was no know-how about how it happens, excepted for the fact that the collateral effects on the children were seen and it could clearly be stated that behaviors and attitudes emerging of children born of people affected by violence were clearly different of those of healthy children from non traumatized persons.

10.  But this is not enough and research underwent progress. Here comes a very short overview, of how it could be understood. Original literature by Moshe Szyf and Michael Meany needs to be read, and this resume is no substitute for reading.

11.  The second medical explanation -which is chosen as a matter of illustration- works upon the premise that trauma does have secondary effects on a chemical level in any brain but mostly in young or unfinished brains (Mammoth story).

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12.  With the impact of trauma the brain gets supposedly washed by hormones and then, a chemical process sets in the brain. Cells in the brain get polluted by trauma washing with hormones, by the means of a chemical coating of groups of genes in each brain cell. This puts those groups of genes affected out of action inhibiting the normal functions of the brain cells (Moshe Szyf).

13.  The effect is called epigenetic because the coating happens around (epi) genes.

14.  The effects are seemingly uniform and independent of cultural biases, except for the results of the coping. This means destruction is more uniform, but coping more diverse. This conclusion is a crucial conclusion in mathematical terms.

15.  The chemical coating does not destroy genes, but it puts them off work. Genes get switched off.

16.  This creates a certain uniformity of symptoms among populations of affected individuals.

17.  As much as the situation improves with proper medical care, until the next discovery is made, the system goes on destroying brains within a given population.

18.  The chemical process is called methylation. As it is a chemical process, the pollution gets dissolved through breeding from generation to generation. The chemicals do get transported by sperm and ovule as well as the gene, without being the gene, and become part of the heritage for 5 generations. This is now a confirmed conclusion assessed by several teams doing the same research.

19.  The chemical effect has been measured even in the fifth generation after a crossbreeding with rats and without any new trauma following.

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20.  This means that with each reproduction of a new brain the chemicals get divided at least by factor 2, supposedly, as long as one of the mates has no similar pollution at all. This again would create a certain uniformity of symptoms.

21.  If within the genetic reproduction a new identical trauma is set, the chemical pollution goes again up to 100% as long as the chemical pollution is within the cells around those groups of genes. The same kind of uniformity sets up.

22.  The cleaning of the saga or descendants is a long term process. The process takes generations to stop and that puts young generations in a danger of catching the same problems, or expressed in a positive way, gives them the opportunity to adapt society to the problem (the present writing then being part of it).

23.  The pollution process seems to be potentially reversible on a chemical level. 24.  Since 1978 Moshe Szyf and then later also Michael Meany at the McGill University in

Montreal work on this research. Quick search in the internet recommended. 25.  The initial research idea was to find out how nurturing affects the functioning of

genetics and cells. It became clear through the research process that nurturing does affect the working of genetics through epigenetics.

26.  This was definitely proven 2004. It needs to be defined exactly how it does work and both researchers go on doing research.

27.  The effect that serves best this system theory and which is used in the present arguments is the one described as the methylation of the gene groups.

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28.  This effect explains that victims of violence are very simply defenseless when a new attack happens and that they have to learn through long therapies to recover their defenses that were lost during the attacks they underwent. Obviously chemical repairing would be a great help. But this is not the only issue.

29.  What is also important according to system theory is the fact that the chemical pollution goes down generations, unseen -obviously!- and can affect persons in the third or fourth generation, when biographical data, memory, may be lost or not recorded.

30.  In this regard it is important to strain the fact, that whenever during the process of generational change, any situation turns up that contains triggers for violence, those individuals affected will immediately react positively to the stressor and trigger corresponding reactions, so that several pollution levels probably rise again up to 100%. A new trauma in a following generation restores the system violence.

31.  Freud was apparently close to finding out, regarding female hysteria, but he simply didn’t dare to admit the evidence, because it was too frightening due to the amount of patients showing symptoms of hysteria in Vienna.

32.  Times may be ready for reality now. Human kind is ready to face it. Is it not?

33.  Knowing that some time the chemical pollution can be reversed is an important aspect, that will not change the reality of violence on its own, as culture (language, values, legal systems, etc…) will also have a trigger effect and culture needs to be de-polluted as much as the brain itself.

34.  As will be seen in the following pages, culture is even dominant towards epigenetic pollution.

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From epigenetics to mathematics 1.  What becomes clear is, that if there is a chemical pollution working and the

concentration of the chemicals works on the behavior of people, then these become facts that can be counted and put into numbers and formulas.

2.  These numbers and formulas then serve our purpose of unmasking violence and its functions. They can perfectly be added to the concept of a complexity crisis, because they can not be influenced by any personal will until knowledge emancipates human behavior. It is important to stress, that there is some uniform determinism counteracting human variety, freedom and independence there.

3.  The numbers can be built into the present equations in this document regarding the growth of complexity and the setting up of a complexity crisis.

4.  As soon as a chemical pollution is diagnosed, hard facts that have hard probabilities to happen in a uniform variable are being talked of.

5.  Personal circumstances become then diversity variables. This is far from making precise mathematical prognosis, but it is coming closer to the option.

6.  What has emerged from research is very simply a general pattern, a general formula and this allows to build the factors concerning individual and collective trauma into it. What has been looked at is, i.e. the contrast between the speed of destruction and the slowness of birth and vital development. First hand there is no logical reason for this to be, that could be interpreted from a moral point of view. The speeds are very different and this is what the presented schemes show.

7.  The schemes do not pretend to represent any reality, as they are very simply a very general and theoretical approach to something that could become proof .

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How to create proof of an assumption 1.  A precise proof could be created just trying to estimate and count the complexity of

a very precise social laboratory situation, or maybe in an open field experiment, for one street in one city for a limited period of time.

2.  What needs to be counted, is the critical mass of incidents that changes the patterns of complex social systems.

3.  A research group needs to be formed around this subject. Transdisciplinarity is clearly requested.

4.  Never the less, the general rules and patterns, like exponential growth rates of vital complexity, quick and fast cut down, etc. seem to become apparent and obvious and can be written as a simple formula to start with.

5.  It is important to stress, that the present curves do not aim to represent reality by any means. They are only there to illustrate a mathematical function that needs to be described for each kind of complexity growth. This statement is important as it clearly shows, that the theory is not grounded in data. It may be the right intuition, but intuition and assumption need to be contrasted with data, however logical they may seem. These curves are not complex enough to depict reality. They may be complex enough to depict the necessary critical masses of data for a political change of strategy.

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6. The present curves are also not as detailed as they could and should be. It would be wise to, i.e., add to the 2 main curves (1 oscillating function and 2 steady line of sustainable complexity) several curves for explanatory reasons.

1.  This third curve would be the 3 “critical masses limits” curve. 1.  This curve would represent the point at which any complexity escalation

irreversibly triggers violence systems followed by destruction. 2.  It would be below 1. 3.  From this curve the oscillating function grows in violent dynamics.

2.  Once this curve is constructed, obviously a fourth curve is required. This curve would be the 4 curve of the points of no return of human species after the downfall of a crisis of complexity. We have no knowledge about it at all.

1.  It is situated below 2. It needs to be made visible. 2.  It is invisible right now. If it gets reached some time, human kind is deleted.

3.  A fifth curve would then be the curve 5 “critical mass for sustainable growth and existence” at which a stable evolution with no recovery and downfall.

1.  It would be situated, between curves 3 and 2.

2.  This curve is above the curve 2. 3.  It needs to be found.

7. etc

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From genes to memes How the term gene influences the creation of other terms is probably well known and

generally understood. However this approach has been criticized because of the use of the term meme. The term meme has been introduced by Richard Dawkins mainly as a concept of human and social evolution. This concept is not being generally admitted or used and does not form part of the nomenclature. The term meme is being used for matters of reduction of complexity within this proposition.

For this reason the term meme gets redefined within the context of this proposition. A meme shall be a visible but not perceived aesthetic expression that rules the basics of taste creating undefined lines of expression within human populations, called style:

•  Any form of aesthetically perceivable and detectable expression by any of the human senses that does condition human action and the creation of human values and priorities of action due to its random origin and the fact that it has not been put into the field of human awareness.

•  Any thing perceivable is not necessarily in the field of awareness. •  The critical limit for what can be put into human awareness in comparison to what is

being produced without any human awareness is -supposedly- in a ratio of 1 to 10 to 1 to 20 aprox. This shall be a strong rule until any other evidence is produced.

•  Following the intuition created about this matter, the conclusion that memes do exist and that they can be described in an exemplary way is to be drawn:

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–  In architecture, i.e., memes consist not only of the apparent elements like the proportion of straight lines to curves (driving through the city of Dortmund, Germany from west to east, you see buildings built after WW2 on one side of the road and buildings built before WW2 on the other. The optical effect immediately suggests and triggers WW2 itself into the mind of a knowing person. Any person having no knowledge will sense and see, but not understand. This will not be in the person’s field of awareness, but still undergo the same reminiscence of WW2, because no urban planning has taken the problem as a problem into consideration

and no mediation between epochs has been constructed.

–  Memes in architecture consist also of all the voids and spaces left between buildings. Actually, the present patterns of urban planning and construction lack of any vitality. Buildings get born as future cadavers. Their shapes do not announce any vital evolution, to

the point, where i.e. the spaces between them would suggest any new possible construction. Cities should be built in a way that announces future generations of urban planning. Architecture should be evolution and not targets for airplanes driven by terrorists.

–  Other memes are to be seen, in how different cultures deal with the decorative elements in a culture. The more a society tends to decorative elements, the more it hides real feelings behind an armored wall or a bunker of prescribed happiness, to not to allow the ugliness of violence to show up. Decoration is opposed to art. The more this decoration is an official norm, like geometrical patterns of Islam, the more this culture is solidly structured by institutionalized violence, like religious practice can be, replacing individual spirituality with mass behaviors, within the social tissue, producing a reality far from human rights

perspectives, but in a decorated beautiful pattern of strength and dominance.

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–  Other elements of alienation are better masked as meme and therefore more subtle. After Kosovo war, women started dressing in patterns that were new. These patterns were “discovered” and then later on designed by fashion makers that were inspired in the way women -who had been raped in war- were using clothing as protection in a symbolical way. Automatically, these fashions integrate the raped women, making all women look raped. This obviously triggers rape into any mind if that mind is sensitive to it. Mostly people are not sensitive to it. Those not being aware of the historical background will again undergo a reminiscence in an automatic fashion. Wearing a rape fashion, all women become alike a symbolical bearer of rape, invitation and consequence, confusing all terms of distinction in culture, and pushing culture to more refined and subtle mechanisms of distinction. These mechanisms are then putting more layers even on the victims of the rape who started the process of distinction, making them even further invisible. This enables to things:

•  Rape victims go even further undetected. •  Society masks the consequences of rape even further enabling rape to be a

more acceptable state of affairs. •  Rape as a system gets solidly backed up by any further cultural mitigation and

pollution. •  Hence, memes are all those elements that have -due to their constitution as a

combination of fragments- a mathematical relevance and possible description when mater is transformed by human action or perceived as transformation in human ways. These elements are also of such a general character, that they do not appear as obvious elements or deviations and have an effect that is longer lasting and more subtle than obvious and visible objects. From this moment the term meme is adopted.

•  How the settings in our societies depend on the cooperation between genes and memes becomes evident when we look at how nurturing gets established as ritual in a society. Nothing is more diverse than how children are raised within societies. The effect is never the less the same: in the end children are nurtured and become adults.

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•  How memes are the more subtle and therefore dominant elements of a violent culture gets defined by i.e. the very simple reports of media about the pains that children endure in our societies. The point is that all the children of all societies suffer from some pain in some ways. The symptoms are all the same, only the causes are very different. So, it seems that in each specific region, the traditions of violence create specific rituals that then derive in biological impact, having constant effects, and thus by being in a paradox way so different and so alike at the same time, what is different is stronger, because it disables logical conclusions from the side of the causes. Even though the consequences are the same, the origins are so diverse, that the causal relations are very difficult to establish. Variety in causes is a good disguise and a good skill of the system violence.

•  How memes of second degree (like poverty or natural catastrophe induced anomy) create violence through victimization is then best explained from the variety of origins of different poverties seen in different contexts. The fact that the skills to counteract those fleas are so diverse and so unequally spread, corresponds to the diversity of origins. Again the origins for the fleas are so diverse and culturally biased that no origin-cause-consequence relation can be ascertained, while the effects and the consequences on an individual level are still the same everywhere. Enormously rich continents like Africa, in a paradox way, do not overcome the violence problems, linked to the poverty memes set within population, reinforced by very old structures of victimization (slavery, exploitation, etc.) that originated in other violence in the first place. Cultural violence patterns dominate over resources and logic. (?)

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From epigenetics to mathematics and memes •  The proportion of the competing influence of the memes and the genes on the human

genome depends on the amount and position of pollution set on the epigenetic level. The question is, which is the critical mass to be considered according to which geographical and historical setting?

•  Cultures with a high bias of epigenetic pollution (more than 40% domestic violence ≥ 5 generations) have a stronger influence of the memes and lesser influence of genes, because the healthy genes are blocked by violence effects, so epigenetic pollution operates freely. Cultural triggers spread violence in a spiral that is retroactive and feeds itself according to system rules. These regions need a stronger culturally biased and external intervention, than regions where the violence factor is lesser and of lesser duration. For efficiency, the memes have to be worked at faster and in a more intense way than the epigenetic biological counter measures, as a highly polluted meme environment will trigger fallbacks, even if brains are biologically cured (biological memory). Polluted cultures also do tend to “invade” non polluted ones!

•  Chemical drugs (or artificial hormones like oxytocin) as intervention method will work better in regions where the cultural work needs not to be done to change the memes, because the memes tend to be healthy and those countries with “healthier memes” will be quicker back on the role, while the chemical influence will be constantly encouraged by the memes in those countries where vitality dominates.

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•  There is an optimum ratio of genetic, and meme influence on the evolution of the species that is altered and influenced by the total proportion of epigenetic “dust”.

•  The reason for it to happen is that, even though the process is not linear, the influence on the functioning or non functioning of the genes comes from the cultural elements that create an epigenetic screen favorable or not to the functioning of the genes.

•  Again this element is an element of uniformity typical for violence. •  If a culture has a violence tradition, then it permanently endangers its members. The

genetic functions are being suppressed and the cultural bias calls for more destruction. For this reason cultures may not be viable and even dangerous.

•  Only working genes can produce a healthy culture. •  The fact that a trauma that generates an epigenetic pollution is culturally and not

genetically biased, is decisive regarding the priority of intervention of and on the cultural meme in a human system.

•  A symptom of trauma has been defined and it is rigidity. •  Another symptom is the way decoration gets used. Decoration hides violence under a

coating of artificial niceness. Decoration is mainly design and it hides very cleverly processes of fragmentation, as i.e. Italian or Us American politics show. Design serves decoration. It gets easily adopted and it is opposed to art, totally contrary in intentions, as art personalizes and attributes a responsibility, and design neutralizes and depersonalizes.

•  This effect reaches the peak, when in a design trade mark like IKEA, the effects of design get added to the concept of mobility, which is in itself very close to violence, then the decorativeness becomes extremely agile, spreads over the planet and makes violence aesthetics universal: malgré soi, unintended and unwanted.

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•  The more a society is rigid, the more it is “brittle”, the more this society is at danger of falling into schizoid patterns and turn to desperate violence expressions like terrorism and massive abuse of women, etc. Rigid societies are extremely conservative, with very conservative systems, like i.e. the system of casts in Hindu culture, the Islamist fanatic groups and in a lesser degree but still efficient the violent settings in the US and and the URSS (cold war is only one of the causes), Finland (climate), etc.

•  The more a society is rigid the more it is polluted by epigenetics. Solving the problem in such societies starts on the memes. The structural violence system has to be used to channel and transform the memes before epigenetics get transformed. This means that army and police forces are the first to channel and guide the tasks. They need to soften down and to be able to get other social parts to soften down too.

•  Etc.

•  The democratic mission consists into bringing in the first place the preliminary conditions for the existence of a possible democracy. In a paradox way this means to use consented measures of state intervention in the first place, which are congruent with the system theory and not with morals. A state system needs to be functional. Secularism is a main issue. Resource distribution is another. Etc.

•  Exporting democracy into violent regions simply is nonsense.

•  The effects of memes against genes in this regard is a paradox in itself and again a good example explaining that the system violence works. Sometimes, not always it is uniformity against diversity. Sometimes it is diversity with uniformity and vice versa.

Now follow a couple of ideas concerning the matter.

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Priorities of intervention regarding meme and gene pollution

1.  Moshe Szyf's research shows clearly that genetic codes can hardly be affected or deformed, what remains as an unclear position is or are epigenetics; apparently those get deformed.

2.  According to what we understand of Moshe Szyf, epigenetics do block groups of genes chemically, after a trauma event that baths the brain in an hormonal rush.

3.  The hormonal rush triggers the transformation of the chemical envelope of the genes, and consequently blocks the functioning of some specific groups of genes.

4.  We understand that according to Moshe Szyf - of whom we do accept the ideas as he writes them - the epigenetic pollution is specific according to different types of trauma.

5.  What seems clear too according to the results of his research, is that epigenetics and their deformations depend exclusively on the cultural proceedings, as epigenetics are deformed in the occasion of a complexity crisis combined with a lacking of resources to cope with the crisis. So, the pollution of epigenetic fields happens and is very strongly influenced according to behavioral patterns of the intervening individuals on the trauma. Example:

–  A woman gets raped and immediately gets help: Harald Feldmann already told, and Moshe Szyf’s theory then consequently confirms that in 30% of all cases, that woman goes out of the rape without a scratch. She has no epigenetic damage.

–  A woman gets raped and gets raped again and abused and beaten in the adequate context, and she becomes a longitudinal study within our research with chronic damages. Those damages get passed on her children. They last 5 generations minimum.

–  Speed of intervention is the decisive key. This is a cultural factor. It is diverse.

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6.  This means then, that, according to the latest research status we may admit: •  Genes stay Ok. Only 3% of violence cases show patho-genetical traits due to biological

evolution. (estimate) •  Epigenetics deform with each traumatic cultural event. According to the cultural

setting which is diverse, the uniform epigenetic pollution has diverse effects and consequences.

•  Epigenetics deformation for worse depend on an hormonal rush disposed by a trauma, be it individual or collective and to different degrees. Generally speaking, genes stop working, when epigenetics get polluted.

•  Trauma and recovery depend on the adequate cultural response. •  Adequate cultural response depends on the capacities of all the individuals together

within a culture, and of the social structures created by those individuals, so, all the resources provided by the total of interacting organizations, formed by individuals. A working health system in the US is crucial to get the US out of the trouble zone. President Obama is doing the most relevant work in 2009.

7.  Any help provided in a situation will be adequate to the average of the state of the brains acting in the situation. This means that a collective trauma response will be traumatizing to a certain degree and this degree of secondary traumatizing depends on the construction and the degree of pollution of the memes intervening in the help and through the effects of the total of the previous epigenetic pollution (i.e. x% according to the proportion of pollution within the helping collective). If invited and legal US American soldiers rape innocent 14 year old Colombian girls, then… (media reports)

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•  Given an abstract example: if more than i.e. 40% of a population has an epigenetic pollution within a defined context due to a traumatic event history, the collective resources will -in the occasion of a collective traumatic event that again hits a fraction of this bigger collective- respond with collective trauma patterns too, produced by the 40% of polluted brains within the collective that is helping the fraction injured anew. The amount of trauma produced will be: x+n = existing trauma+help+n risk(production of help+epigenetic pollution of help)

•  As a sequel of 7: That is a reason why international help is so important, as long as the troops and the intervention forces are coming of lesser polluted memes and lesser polluted epigenetics, because they do then produce a help, that not only really helps more efficiently than the collective of help produced within the own polluted set of individuals, but also, as the effects of the help then spread over the population that is in the same region and was not as affected as the traumatized fraction was, the intervention has a secondary positive effect on those who are not hit by the new trauma directly, but assist and surround the intervention never the less and participate in the recovery process.

•  As a sequel of 7: the international help has to be constituted as a task force that is equipped to face the issues, knowing that it has to adequately transform meme-pollution and epigenetic-pollution through trauma and the forces have to know what they are doing, when and how.-

•  As a sequel of 7: the effects of recovery produced nowadays are random and pure good luck. There exists no awareness of writing and of the knowledge humans do share. It is necessary to produce a.s.a.p.p. an adequate awareness (UN mainly).

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8. for this reason in regions, where the epigenetic pollution is higher than i.e. 40%, it seems to be, that the cultural work has priority over the work on individual phenomena.

•  This means that, the correctives of the polluted meme are more important than the correctives of the deformed epigenetics, regarding any efficiency of any intervention in those types of region. Diversity of response depends on them.

•  Meme work helps freedom to become diverse. Any portion of freedom or work at memes that is not properly allocated and used will be replaced automatically by determinism and violence. A different person or a different system of less sophistication (intelligence&nature) will transfer the portion of freedom towards determinism and will be lost to violence. =>Meme work = democracy < tymocracy.

•  Where as in cultures, in which the epigenetic pollution is lower than i.e. 40%, the correctives based on chemical reversion of the trauma in the individual could be efficient enough, if the cultural surrounding within the frame of intervention is safe enough on the level of the memes to conduct the cure in an efficient way.

•  This does not mean, however, that the epigenetic pollution does not have to be worked on, it just means, that the work on the memes has priority over the work on the epigenetic decontamination, according to specific settings within which the cure of single epigenetic pollutions, would be reversed by a meme based cultural pollution, affecting the individual epigenetic state bathed within the culture’s destructive memes (beware of wandering meme pandemics!).

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9.  For this reason memes last longer than genes, and for this reason the epigenetic recovery along 5 generations makes sense.

•  If the memes of a culture depend on the cultural production it is clear and evident, that only the individuals within the culture, or the individuals taking over a different culture can produce new and different qualities of memes, let’s say healthier and prosperous memes.

–  In this regard becomes even more interesting my precious assumption written in the essay epoch: “Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit”. (page 84 Essay “Epoch”)

–  The memes of the Minoan culture were so strong that they influenced, the Egyptian, the Greek and then as a secondary effect, the Roman culture.

•  The epigenetic recovery on 5 generations makes sense, because this gives the time to the culture withholding the combined set of genes and memes (healthy and ill) to adopt the new memes, until the new memes evolve -due to the natural process described within the natural reproduction evolution, so to speak the process of selection- towards any healing, if optimum circumstances are provided within specific parts of the setting (privileges make sense). It is a process of sustainable and mutual adaptation, that requires diversity.

•  The 5 generations create and are a reservoir of a “softer” or “weaker” factors regarding epigenetic pollution and the process of adaptation towards any kind of trauma hitting a population within a setting. The 5 generations make sense on an evolutionary scale, because they allow a steady process of assimilation of a trauma and its recovery -be it collective or individual (time). With this regard, the spreading of violent memes into foreign cultures has similar effects (location).

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10.  Memes are generally the strongest or the more important violence triggers, as Moshe Szyf confirms that they then have the effect on the epigenetic field.

11.  This leads us back to the beginning, artists are "the" social healers, as long as they accept to play the role, and not many of them do this, in any way being aware of the effect of their actions. Artists provide with the necessary resources for the healing of the ill memes within culture, when they work in awareness of what they do. Artists need to be aware of what they do, due, mainly, to their higher fragility.

12.  Cultural work (as a large concept, but focused on the premise, that cultural work will be “the” dominant trait within any cultural activity, also politics and economics) is not any more a matter of randomness. Its main tool will be transdisciplinarity.

13.  Cultural work is the economical and vital factor of any culture. Cultural work has a higher priority than any other work within human society. Economy depends on culture. The present ideas get born in an art context, not in any other context.

14.  All the philosophers telling that the artist is the king of “Sophia”, like Nietzsche, Ortega and all the others had the right intuition.

15.  The difference now is that the intuition can be adapted to a reality and to a real need in an efficient way, regarding the possibility of understanding the trauma effect on the evolution of human kind.

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16. Whether the new understanding gets used or not is pretty easily deducted: •  If any given person wants to stay alive and reduce risks of threats against her life, this

person will choose the settings and conditions of life that will improve her chances, including the knowledge about these factors. According to where the person is set, she will be able to deal more or less with the new ideas. This is visible.

•  If any given person refuses to use the new knowledge according to the degree of epigenetic pollution or the degree of the pollution of the memes of the culture this person is a member of, then the process of adaptation will follow the currently produced scheme and implement the oscillating function of violence. This is immediate.

•  Every time the regions that use the new knowledge get in contact and intervene on regions that ask for and need help, they will get a portion of recovery to increase their chances of total recovery. This will be visible too. It is not yet shown enough by media.

•  Generally, populations will tend to survive. Once they know that a growing complexity requires conditions for it, they do implement those conditions in order to avoid elements that disrupt vitality. Violence gets filtered out as a disrupting element. This is less visible.

•  As humans are within nature, humans can only grow into nature. For this the concept of sustainability is meant within nature, as nature would eliminate those forms of vitality that threaten its total. This is not yet visible at all or only very little.

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Memes and the physical environment, surroundings and context •  Cases studied in the doctorate of Dr. Karolin Eva Kappler. •  The weapons effect, versus the decoration effect on persons (existing documents) •  The new law (17-8-2009) in Afghanistan allowing men to punish by taking food away or

not nourishing their wives who and when they do not serve them to access full sexual pleasure and who do not obey to their wishes is such a meme that needs to be replaced by a new meme.

•  The sentence of Pope Urban II said on 27 November 1095 (in Clermont) calling for the first holy crusade: “Let then those go into the fight against the infidels who until now were leading private wars. Let them become knights of the lord, those who previously were just bandits.” tells us, that the pope was aware of the fact that the system of violence existed by seeing its consequences: private wars, domestic violence, brothers wars, family wars and vendettas. Those he calls bandits were such to him. It makes sense, because in the end, in these vicious wars it is impossible to tell who is right and who wrong. That he sends them out to do evil in the name of God is the last resort left out of desperation and ignorance, but this is exactly the same today, when the US army gets sent out on a crusade against evil outside: when you don’t stand your own look in the mirror, hit and destroy it. Shame that today, the consequences are even worse than in 1095. The alternative is to look in the mirror and stand the look. The mirror is a symbol of the different culture. This is possible if the mirror or the alien culture manages to trick itself out by being a bit fuzzy…Both parts are important: the victim and the aggressor. Victims need to become “diffuse”.

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•  Other examples for questions that need interpreting: –  Why is it that rich people constantly kill poor people by omission but do not declare

a war? –  Why is it, that the killing caused by simple omission is silent? –  Why is it instead, that when the poor kill and take revenge, they do declare a war

and become noisy? –  Why are they not silent too? –  Why do they seek obvious revolutions? –  Why do revolutions end in counter-revolutions that are much worse than revolutions? –  Which of both violence -the rich and the poor- is the bigger one and why? –  Why is it that violence expresses itself through discretion and silence once and loudly

and harshly a second time? –  Why is silence linked to violence in more regular and steady patterns, whilst radical

outburst like the communist one, do shout and become noisy? –  Are silence and loudness related to the economical involvement as a factor? –  Which is the sense of the linking of violence to discretion, silence and regular

patterns? –  Why is economy conceived as self destructive + violent and not as evolutionary? –  Why are there so many silent murderers out there? –  Why do we all descend from Cain and not from Abel? –  What are human rights good for in that program? –  Which role do human rights play in a violent circumstance? –  Why is all of evolution in fact silent? If silence is a sign for working evolution, why is the

silent violence then part of it? What links evolution, silence and violence? •  Etc. To be worked at

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1st Setting of means to regulate complexity in a sustainable way •  According to a recommendation by Ervin Laszlo: observe all the complexity, regulate

only the critical masses. •  According to the present theory understand before interfering with the critical masses,

the relations between the systems and the functions of the system violence in order to be able to cope with the task, as the system of violence will always be there and needs to be known and as far as possible needs to be prevented of acting.

•  According to levels of understanding, once the system of violence is understood, regulate the communication of knowledge and replace the system of violence step by step by a system of regulation of complexity induced by the knowledge about the interferences of complexity growth and violence.

•  Regulating complexity being aware of the requested reduction of violence, in the cores of social units is the most urgent, this starting within families and tribes:

1.  To get out of the pollution of the memes and the biochemical brain pollution: a.  The first item to be regulated is the communication of violence triggers within the

systems, starting from the internet and the media, and we need to stop any communication that will trigger violence in the first place.

b.  Second item to be regulated is the growth of population c.  Third is the education d.  Fourth is basic (critical) resource administration

e.  Fifth is the orientation of creativity towards vitality f.  etc

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2.  Complexity has to be kept stable oriented towards stagnation for the period necessary

to make the shift. The stagnation needs to be understood as a transition period, this being delicate and fragile as situation.

3.  “Accidents” have to be prevented as they will always happen and trigger human species back into old mechanisms.

4.  Simple goals and attitudes that will make the difference between now and tomorrow have to be defined. Examples:

•  A doctor in anesthesia told once that if any person asked why to regulate and stop the system of violence is a necessity, the answer should be punching him in the face to break his nose and have him bleeding and then to simply ask back if it feels better to have a broken nose or an intact face. With this he meant that living without the extra dose of obtainable pain through the means of violence is good enough already.

•  Illnesses, natural catastrophes, etc, are enough reasons to inflict pain, so that those that can be avoided by man, should be avoided.

•  If human kind is mature to think the system, it follows the natural path of intelligence to do what it has learned to do, that is a very simple rule in civilization.

•  The experience of death may be very personal and beautiful. Experiencing death but loving life, dying once, enables anyone to understand that life is a given opportunity to progress in this life. Death and the absence of pain are somehow related.

•  Spirituality shall be a good “tool” to deal with the experience of death. What about religion?

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•  Societies grow closer to a state in which persons may learn to transcend into those other stages that are not under human control.

•  Islam, Buddhism, Christianity, etc, foresee a continuity of life in death, and this is a good way to translate religion into science: for some reason and in an intuitive way, religions transmit the message, that reaching a certain level of peace enables different levels of awareness and also progress into other spheres of understanding, mainly free of pain.

•  But some religions are closer to the transition from one stage into the next.

•  They live closer to the kind of predisposition to die than we do in Christianity. There is a basic difference in understanding of the meaning of life. Then they confront each other due to internal violence structures.

•  There are differences in “age” and there are real anachronisms that need to be bridged. They are intolerant and hard. They radicalize churches.

•  It seems that they don’t mind so much, where, in which direction they will progress.

•  This is a trap. The direction matters.

•  Death is nice, but there is no reason to run after it, if the issues of living without the extra cost of pain through violence can be solved on the planet thanks to progress in logic and understanding.

•  So, the future will be made of less religion and more spirituality.

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First COBAWU practical definitions of Complexity

•  The term complexity is defined by mathematical thoughts: it includes i.e. demographic growth and growth of tools implementing communication and enabling social relations. The more societies differentiate, the more complexity grows. Complexity is to be defined as environmental, absolute, relative and contingent complexity:

-  An example for absolute complexity growth: 2 persons have 4 children, 4 children

become adults and have 16 children, become adults in turn and have 64 children etc. This way real complexity grows. Darwin calls this the geometrical growth. Demography has evolved against all bad odds towards the crowding of the whole planet in a non sustainable way and at the expenses of all the other living beings on the planet. Demography is not the only element of absolute complexity. The total amount of words in a language i.e. also counts as one.

-  An example for relative complexity: if 200 years ago taking a sample of 100 persons, 10 persons were born on top, and if these persons had during their lifetime social relations with 100 persons each (due to the fact that they had little resources to travel and communicate in comparison with today), then the complexity growth regarding demography and social relations would have been: [ (100 x (n1=100)) + (10x (n1=100)) ] =11.000 social relations. Today and according to estimates it would be per average 3.000 social relations during lifetime of an individual resulting in : [ (100 x

(n1=3,000)) + (10x (n1=3,000) ] = 330.000 social relations. Social relations are not the only element of relative complexity. Cultural production, i.e. also forms part of it. The level of abstraction of a language, knowledge production and information transmission and storage increase relative complexity. 42

-  An example of contingent complexity: 200 years ago 100 persons knew each 100 persons that were chosen out of a population of maybe 500 in average. They had less choices than we currently have. Today 100 persons know 3.000 persons each and they can choose them out of a pool of maybe 1.000.000.000 persons. The contingent complexity 200 years ago was: 100x100 potency 500. Today it is 100x3.000 potency 1.000.000.000. The potency of social relations is not the only element of contingent complexity. The choices of cultural modes and languages of communication do also increase it, etc.

-  Consequently, complexity grows in an exponential way. The curve may ascend faster or slower, but the tendency will always be exponential for human life. It seems that it always has a hyperbolic shape (Darwin, geometrical progression).

•  In the first place, complexity should become a term to be considered and studied. It is a term that is not being heard in politics or policies of any kind right now. It is a term that turns up in many discussions but has not been looked at from a system theory point of view and it has not yet been put in a context of understanding and combining concepts in a transdisciplinary way. It is the most essential and basic step to be taken in order to face human fate as a life free of violence. Complexity has to be studied, understood, administered, ruled and developed.

•  Wishing to rule 100% of complexity is tautological nonsense, but being able to rule critical masses within complexity is rational thinking. To find the decisive ones is the necessary and right thing.

•  In a second step, legal issues will have to be settled anew. •  Then and third simultaneous but not posterior, the new ideas have to enter or merge into

society.

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Peace mathematics and complexity

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For further reading go to: https://www.academia.edu/9014932/2014_upgraded_and_simplified_Complexity-Index_Formula

A possible future to complexity modeling

•  In our understanding the future of complexity modeling will be defined according to mathematical patterns and complexity architecture.

•  While we understand this is a relevant term, the secrets of complexity architecture will be revealed to generations of students at university

•  One tool available to the general public is the COBAWU complexity indexing cube

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The cube •  The cube serves as analysis tool for data in large amounts (meta- or petadata) •  It contains the critical codes for data analysis according to complexity standards defined as human

complexity by Andrés Ginestet. The codes used only work in combination with his definition of complexity. The 4 complexity categories looked at are:

–  Absolute complexity (C1) –  Relative complexity (C2)

–  Contingent complexity (C3) –  Environmental complexity (C0)

•  The codes crossed with the 4 complexity categories are listed below. The number in brackets indicates the minimum amount of analysis codes used:

–  First level of analysis: vital /lethal (2) –  Second level of analysis is: rigidity/ adaptation capacity (in evolution terms) (2) –  Third level of analysis is: dead end or cyclic structure (7)

–  Fourth level of analysis is: social exclusion/ inclusion (3) –  Fifth level is: degree of response according to IQ (3) –  Sixth level is: effects according to degree of trauma, empathy and resilience (3) –  Seventh level is: time line effects (3)

–  Eighth level is: risks and chances (2) –  Ninth level is: depth of communicability shallowness of communication (4) –  Tenth level is: complexity enhancing or destructing (3)

–  Etc.

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Explanations •  The data analysis itself is required or sensible if a diagnose of a set of data is asked to determine the spirit

(which is not necessarily it’s primary intention) of this data set and to understand in which way this data set is relevant and useful for any complexity regulation ( be it economical, political, social, cultural, etc.).

•  The analysis leads to the necessity of a previous coding of the data following Grounded Theory principles and methods.

•  After the coding, data may be laid out and introduced in the cube

•  Any product may obtain a complexity index according to its degree of complexity •  The complexity index allows for a comparison between different types of complexity •  For any human C3 complexity, the higher the index is, the better.

•  For any human C2 complexity the index needs to be proportionate to C1 •  For any C1 complexity a sinus curve is preferred (-1, 0, +1) •  For any C0 complexity the optimum is a curve tending down •  Any exaggeration of any complexity leads automatically to violence

•  Not keeping the 4 curves at eye level under observation, or ignoring one of 4 parameters leads into unknown grounds and into despair

•  The cube tells after processing all data a complexity index that allows for comparison between human social or economical products which can be labeled.

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The cube

C - 0

C - 1 C - 2

C - 3

Vital Lethal C-type

Rigid adaptive

Cyclic structure

C – index of sustainability

×

+

+ 0 -

inclusion exclusion neutral

x IQ 1 IQ 2 IQ 3 =

÷ or x E-T+R 1 E-T+R 2 E-T+R 3

x short middle Long term

Categories +

+ risks chances 49

Scaling complexity •  Human Complexity needs to be scaled. •  We have decided that the most simple scaling is the best scaling. •  We have decided that the scaling of complexity will be done exclusively with one single value

set as described within the cube: vital or lethal •  The scaling will be between 0 and 1 •  0 is lethal •  1 is vital. •  The calculation is done based upon data pushed into the cube that are analyzed, as we did for

the data given by the US army for Afghanistan. •  The result is a complexity index that is located between 0 (lethal) and 1 (vital).

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0 0,2 0,1 0,3 0,4 0,6 0,5 0,7 0,8 0,9 1

Lethal complexity Vital complexity

Break even point

What relates the growth of complexity to a reduction of violence?

•  A growth of complexity within human society implies a bigger variety and amount of dependencies and also of segmentation and partial construction (refinement).

•  Increased dependencies and refinement do only work if relations are based on trust and liability. To increase trust and liability, persons need to be able to trust persons.

•  Relations can only be trusted if they have no violent anomies disturbing them. •  Violence creates a specific kind of anomy that is destined to put things back into shape if

they lack intelligence and culture. •  Violence is a key enemy to complexity development being “uniform within diversity”. •  A society that wants to grow and evolve, also live, needs to reduce, eliminate complexity

inhibitors or killers, replace, substitute transform complexity inhibitors by complexity transformers towards vitality.

•  It follows that it is completely absurd to aim to keep an economical growth and then to not to look at elements slowing down the process. The slowing down comes from…

•  Once this issue is determined it becomes clear that it is useful to stabilize situations to adapt reality and theory.

•  The awareness of the fact that human kind being violent threatens nature to a point where nature may disrupt human continuity in return has been brought up by the ecological move, but this ecological move has not yet linked the issues of violence as a system to the ecological problems. Now that this link can be constructed, it may be understood, that violence induces destruction of nature naturally and that automatically reducing violence will soften impact on nature and vice versa.

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Examples of complexity that have experienced an exponential growth in the past according to the development of human kind

Cultural elements that have changed and grown in an exponential way:

•  Demography and population •  Languages and words as well as meanings •  Communication devices •  Educational skills •  Energy consumption •  Inventions •  Music •  Art •  Mobility (including infrastructure, devices

and means of…) •  Manufacturing •  Free time and leisure •  Sports •  Industrial production •  Currencies and money, exchange values •  Ways of reproduction and birth

circumstances •  Etc…

•  Mainly oscillating complexity function with violence implied

Things that have kept “constant” and have hardly changed or increased:

•  Bodies

•  Sounds

•  Colors

•  Tastes

•  Textures

•  Time

•  Light, air and water

•  Warmth and cold

•  Value of life

•  Biological birth

•  Living conditions

•  “Work to live”

•  Etc…

• Linear sustainable complexity

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One simple description: the growth of complexity in language •  Language:

–  Regarding absolute complexity and its growth •  At some point at the beginning of the history of language it was some few sounds emitted,

constituting maybe 50 meanings or less •  200 years ago a person in average maybe could talk one language well and would know

and use a vocabulary of 500 words •  Today we easily do speak 5 languages and use a vocabulary of maybe 10.000 words

•  This is an exponential growth –  Regarding relative complexity

•  At the beginning maybe the relations between sounds were 5020 counting the combinations that were used at the time in prehistory

•  200 years ago, the relations between words were maybe 500 300

•  Today and if the use of 5 languages is admitted on a daily basis, the possible combinations are 10.000 10.000

•  This is an exponential growth –  Regarding contingential complexity

•  At the beginning of language there was hardly more than one language available and the contingential complexity was limited to the real existing 50 20 plus maybe, if a different social group lived some 15 miles away using a different code, this would grow up to 50 50.

•  200 years ago the languages available probably were two in average. Latin was being ruled through the world by the means of a structural violence called religion. We suppose that the mathematical expression would be 500 300X2

•  Today and if the possible use of all the languages in the world is counted and a selection of 200 would be done as being the average available amount of languages to all the citizens of the planet, the complexity would be described as 10.000 10.000X200

•  This is an exponential growth

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Theoretical examples of complexity growth as shown in a possible graphical setting of a simple mathematical function

Theoretically, the complexity curve or function could: 1.  start high and fall down as a straight line or as a curve 2.  go in zigzag 3.  be circular or semicircular 4.  be a simple dot that appears in a sporadic way 5.  like a wave 6.  be a constant straight line through evolution 7.  more than any other idea: the complexity curve could have risen at the beginning of

human times to a very high peak and dropped once and for all in one single dent. 8.  Etc

•  As seen in other documents published, complexity often grows in a hyperbolic way.

•  At the beginning of times there could have been one single jump of non sustainable hyperbolic human species growth.

•  This would have been a short and intense period of human existence. •  The one rule that counts and is important for our mathematical interpretation, is that life

takes a long time to evolve and grow, and death and violence are very quick and fast, so that in a mathematical function, the graphic representation has to follow that pattern.

•  What also counts is that for reasons of simplicity, the graphic representation will be extremely simplified. Nothing in there aims to represent reality, except for a general rule and pattern.

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Graphic representations of complexity models

•  The following graphic representations are only models for thought •  Humanity has to still define its complexity architecture •  Complexity architecture may be outlined by individuals

•  Complexity architecture may only be decided by a qualified and consistent critical mass of complexity workers

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Coordinates field a mathematical functional description of a theoretically possible complexity curve for human life

Y X

On the left a complexity scale of more than 100%.

100% is the sustainable level for the planet right now.

On the bottom axis a time scale of 2 Million years describing human existence from the possible beginning to our days.

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Example 1: straight functions mathematical functional descriptions of a theoretically possible complexity curve for human life, starting high and falling straight down.

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Example 2: zigzag mathematical functional descriptions of a theoretically possible complexity curve for human life

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Example 3: semicircular mathematical functional descriptions of a theoretically possible complexity curve for human life

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Example 4: dots mathematical functional descriptions of a theoretically possible complexity curve for human life

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Example 5: Bell curves mathematical functional descriptions of a complexity curve following Black Death epidemic

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Population growth and high levels of

complexity following a period of health

and wealth

Impact of deathly illness on human population,

example: Black death

Decline of human population

Break-even point of

Black Death epidemic

Example 5: Bell curves mathematical functional descriptions of a complexity curve following Black Death epidemic

•  In the graphics above can be seen the depiction of a very simplified complexity pattern produced by an illness on any given human population. This graphic does not in any way aim to be scientific proof. It’s a simple illustration. A much more scientific explanation of complexity in medical terms is delivered by i.e. Joachim P Sturmberg MD, PhD A/Prof of General Practice, Newcastle University, Newcastle – Australia

•  The depicted pattern is a classical complexity pattern that stretches over a period of time that would slow down population and complexity growth i.e. in Europe for centuries. Black death, Cholera, Typhus, etc. were illnesses that maintained European complexity growth down, in the same way that it did in Africa i.e. via Malaria. In Europe, these complexity patterns would alternate with an oscillating function, as we explain further down in the slides. Domestic violence and i.e. wars cause the oscillating function.

•  Since the white and Western ideologies colonize African continent and cultures, they bring with them the Western Complexity pattern, which is the oscillating function. Since violence is not executing its primary role through illnesses any more in Africa, victimization is not occurring in sufficient numbers. Because white industrial pharmaceutical lobbies use Africa as a field of experimentation for health industries, since they lost their battle grounds of big wars in which they could experiment with soldiers, these industries have reduced the number of victims induced by illnesses. As the violence system needs to keep the numbers high it looks for a different solution. This is why the oscillating function is increasing momentum in Africa. Consequences are simple: terrorism, like Boko Haram and Children Soldiers, fulfilling the previous role of Malaria.

•  Industrialized medicine provided for a halt of naturally induced complexity downfalls. In Western society it is the voluntary reduction of birth rates that has taken over and leads to a reduction of human population.

•  Why is Western Society doing such a nonsense? Simply to protect its own interests? 62

Example 5: Bell curves mathematic functions that can be used to describe in scientific terms the evolution of a virus

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•  In the graphics above can be seen the depiction of a Gauss and a Pareto distribution as used in a much more scientific explanation of complexity in medical terms delivered by Joachim P Sturmberg MD, PhD A/Prof of General Practice, Newcastle University, Newcastle – Australia

•  The depicted patterns are classical complexity patterns that stretch over a period of time that would slow down population and complexity growth i.e. in Europe for centuries.

•  Why have these patterns not been applied to health policies?

Example 6: linear function mathematical functional descriptions of a theoretically possible complexity curve for human life. This curve exists i.e. for certain indigenous populations in the Amazonian region.

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Example 6: linear function mathematical functional descriptions of a theoretically possible complexity curve for human life. This curve exists i.e. for certain indigenous populations in the Amazonian region.

•  One good example is the complexity pattern underlying indigenous tribes in the Amazonas region. It is more or less linear.

•  In a remote time, like 10.000 years ago, a population of native Indians settles in a region in the Amazonas. There they remain for 10.000 years. They do not increase population and do maintain demographics. They do not vary behaviors or environment conditions. They breathe, eat, defecate, hunt and gather, etc. Their activity is nearly constant for 10.000 years. This is why it is a linear function. Every day, they do the same and are perfectly adapted to the environment in which they live.

•  The question is if modern technology wants to contribute to such a linear pattern, with all the consequences this implies. We know that these tribes practice infanticide in order to keep their population stable. But they do it in a way that fits to their environment. They know they cannot survive an overcrowded society.

•  Which way do we want to fit our environment, and how is modern industrial technology contributing to such developments?

•  Obviously there are ethic considerations to be made. Beyond ethics, the design of an appropriate complexity pattern is required.

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Example 7: one single hyperbolic rise mathematical functional descriptions of a theoretically possible complexity curve for human life

2008 = Ø humans

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Complexity types identified mathematical functional descriptions of a theoretically possible complexity curve for human vitality

Contingent complexity = (n·x1) x2

Relative complexity = n·x1

Absolute complexity human = n

It is necessary to remember that the absolute complexity is only one of the three complexity forms that needs to be observed. The question is which is the relation of growth of the contingent upon the relative and upon the absolute according to which category of vitality observed and in dependence of the context. Bacteria may have a greater complexity in numbers, but their contingent complexity may be much smaller than human vital contingent complexity due to the fact that they do not include intelligence as a resource. What seems to be never the less a constant in this observation is the fact that the relative and the contingent complexity should be exponentially bigger than the absolute complexity for any kind of vital form of existence. The factors of growth from one to the next form of complexity need to be described, understood and calculated according to some rule that still needs to be determined. Probably many factors will determine the degree of growth of the curve, some of them will be vital, some lethal, some inert and some combinations of all 3.

Environmental complexity = 1

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The general tendencies within complexity are of growth and seem to be linear and constant

The tendencies of growth are exponential, hyperbolic, like i.e.

demography shows: 2 people have 4 children, those in turn have 16,

and these then have 64, in 3 generations, etc. However, the growth of the curve has been

slowed down by some factors that require understanding and

explanation. If not, the curve would have probably consisted in a very

high peak at the beginning of human times as shown in example

7, and one single, steep and radical fall down.

What makes the curve ascend in a smooth and elongated

trajectory?

Depiction of the real situation as seen and perceived in 2008

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Complexity crisis slow complexity growth down. If they did not, vital complexity would have risen at the beginning of human times to an absolute and self-destructive level as presented in example 7. Killing and hurting has paradoxically

increased the survival and the evolution time of the human species.

Slowing down complexity growth converging towards sustainable growth

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The curve is a dented curve, like a saw. There are millions of dented curves on the large curve from the beginning of human kind. The simplification in this graphic is only to allow better graphic understanding. This is not a real curve. It is a hypothetic archetype.

The real pattern: Complexity growth + crisis in a dented curve

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What causes the complexity crisis? •  The distance between the real complexity growth and the means to regulate the complexity •  The gap opening between needs and resources •  The lack of resources to fill the gap in the event of the crisis •  Etc, a large etc

Fatal distance

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Oscillating Function Hyperbolic complexity rise, entropy and violence downfall

Vital SUSTAINABLE COMPLEXITY points at

which the crisis is stopped and life wins over killing

Crisis or ENTROPY points at which VIOLENCE starts.

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Non sustainable Complexity curve

Sustainable Complexity curve

Hyperbolic complexity rise

2015

Arrows down representing

violence

•  In the graphics above can be seen the depiction of a very simplified complexity pattern produced by any human violence on any given human population. This graphic does not in any way aim to be scientific proof. It’s a simple illustration.

•  This is the general pattern of Western complexity production combined with the violence system. As the graphic portrayal shows, complexity production has a general tendency to grow while rapid mathematical functions, which represent violence, slow complexity production down. T

•  his means that within this average complexity pattern for Western Society violence plays a key- and functional role within the general pattern of complexity growth.

•  Western health care is a large contributor to this pattern. The explanation is simple: health care is used in industrial style and it cures millions of people on the entire planet not allowing for natural growth of other populations, but forcing them to grow, thus enhancing the oscillating function in order to reduce complexity growth. This replaces the inverted Gauss function depicted further up.

•  The depicted pattern is a classical complexity pattern also known from physics. •  We will use a simple and purely fictive example to explain how this oscillating function works in

real terms: –  As an imaginary situation define 2 given territories in a fertile region. In these 2 regions live 2

populations counting 50.000 people each and 2 kings. –  As they have good agricultural skills and a benign climate, they simply grow population.

Within 20 years, the population in both regions doubles. They are now together 200.000 people instead of 50.000. The kings are happy kings, friendly and they meet of an on to celebrate respective wealth and fortune.

–  After 20 years of benign climate, they face a period of 5 years of agricultural recession due to climate change. Their surplus of collected grains and food is used after 5 years.

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Oscillating Function Hyperbolic complexity rise, entropy and violence downfall

–  After 5 years of recession and penuries, 2 Kings decide to meet. They state that times have changed and that they need to make a war to decide who will govern the 2 kingdoms, as to rationalize their population growth, eventually conquer more territory outside their both territories, etc.

–  They decide they are now enemies and they want each others territory and reduce complexity in terms of absolutism versus diversity.

–  They decide a date for the battle and they send each of them 50.000 men on the battle field. There are now 100.000 armed soldiers on the battle field. They engage war on the date fixed by both kings. Both kings are standing on a hill and overlooking the battle.

–  Within 3 days, 99.998 men die on the battlefield. Both kings go home, as they see nothing is solved.

–  2 soldiers are left over, facing each other. They smile at each other and decide to not to fight the last battle, because there is a bunch of widows waiting at home, expecting to be served.

–  These 2 soldiers go back home and have many, many children, while they are being celebrated as heroes by their respective kings.

–  As a benign period settles, agricultural production increases again. The new growth of population is guaranteed. 20 years later, again a climate change …

•  This is the way, an oscillating function can be described. This is obviously not true. It is a very, an extremely simplified model of thought. This is designed to explain to the layman how the oscillating function is implemented by humanity.

•  This type of oscillating function is permanently “polluted” by other complexity reducing functions, like i.e. illnesses.

•  A complex model introducing all functions that have an effect on the overall complexity growth need to be made within the Worldwide Grid of Complexity Observatories.

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Two curves of two different kinds of complexity competing for the survival and the evolution of the human species

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The chain of sustainable points of growth

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Global governance: means of political regulation of the different kinds of complexity. An example for a possible and alternative strategy to the strategy being operated to our days, of a sequence of growth and crisis, could perfectly be the favoring of a recession and an increase of the real freedom of choice keeping a safe distance to the real need (too much freedom of choice would cause a crisis as much as the real existing lack of choice does nowadays)

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One segment of the curve looked at closer:

•  The relation between the growth of complexity and a human life time span.

•  A mechanism inhibiting awareness.

•  A proportional way of acting according to the percentage of trauma in any cultural group of humans

Why is it that this possible explanation for the existence of violence has not been looked at, seen or described before? The mathematical equation presented in the description of the curve of violence alternating with vitality applies also to biographical circumstances

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In the last 12 years, complexity grows 3 times more in only 1/6 of the time, so it is 18 times higher or faster than in the first 60 years?

In the event one would decide to set the complexity peak at the age of 60 and then let complexity fall down due to pension and retirement, the curve would look the same regarding construction, i t would only show a de-escalation after reaching the complexity peak. Intuition is the basis to not to do so, as the exponential growth of complexity within a single biography gets emphasized, to show and demonstrate the problems complexity causes, working so well with violence also on an individual level.

Shape of the graph for the growth of complexity for one single biography

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Short graphic description of the curves that are currently being completed •  This design refers a necessary design of a typical set curves to be completed to be able to manage and direct

complexity. •  It includes the description of the position of the 5 curves as they should be placed from a logical point of view. •  These curves are not real, only examples. They need to be related to data and time frames. •  These curves need to be designed for all 4 kinds of complexity. In total it would be 15 curves overlapping.

1 oscillating function as it is now

2 steady line of sustainable complexity as it is now as long as a crisis sets up and follows uncontrolled growth

4 curve of the points of no return for human life

5 possible critical mass for optimal sustainable growth and existence

3 “critical masses limits” curve where violence becomes immediate

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Complexity policy, an example

The curve index shows how complexity will develop in the future. The curves show which problems emerge from uncontrolled growth of complexity -  Anachronism in developments.

-  Dissonance in developments. -  Critical masses problem The 4 complexity categories to be worked at are the following:

–  Absolute complexity (C1) –  Relative complexity (C2) –  Contingent Complexity (C3)

–  Environmental Complexity (C0) The translation of the currently existing oscillating function for human complexity into a sinus function is what is being shown in the following graphs. The representation of the complexity development between 1850 and today is being adapted to the demographic function. The values shown are not real, but ideal values which show which kind of development is possible in the next 20 years, including an ideal goal.

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Description of an imaginary world

•  To describe the planets future evolution of complexity, it is not the European prototype that is being chosen, but a possible, imagined ideal for the planet (C1c). This ideal is compared to scenarios. One of them is a best case scenario with an ongoing explosive demography (C1b). The other one is worst case scenario with the destruction of 70% of human species (C1a).

•  In our calculation of the complexity growth evaluation for the best case, we depart of a demographic growth as it is known to be in Islam, South America, India, Africa, etc. (C1b).

•  In Europe C1 values for demographic growth have reached acceptable levels in the early 1970’s and demographic growth is in deficit. Europe has achieved what needs to be achieved on the planet, but this was not a conscious development. The European line is the middle line, (C1c).

•  As complexity development is defined by cultural complexity patterns, but complexity governance is not being created in awareness of its meaning, the deficits in complexity governance are to be understood as being different in quality compared in different parts of the world.

•  European deficits are described as cost externalization (violence towards weaker countries in the world). European energy policies, consumer policies, CO2 production, etc., form part of the cost externalization.

•  The curves are only hypothetical. The people working in the complexity observatories will define the real curves. These are just examples to allow for decision making.

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Legend

•  Absolute complexity C1 •  Relative complexity C2 •  Contingent complexity C3 •  Environment complexity C0 •  Empathy C3 •  Trauma T3 Category* C1 The hypothetical exemplary values shown in the following curves describe: •  Humankind without material infrastructure, 3 curves from 2015 on:

–  If World War IV sets up C1a –  If demography is not controlled and scarcity imposes its rules as dictatorship C1b –  If demography is brought under control and complexity governance sets in C1c

•  Human communication and moves without/with technical means •  Education, language skills, creativity and Empathy •  Environmental destruction/disaster produced by humankind and other human made difficulties,

CO2 production

* Including epigenetic aberration 83

Graphic representation of human complexity between 10.000 bc and 2070

Axis of time -100

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1000

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C1c -OPTIMUM curve if we do steer complexity and follow the European demography model and enhanced complexity governance

Wrong distance (too narrow, or

too high non sustainable

development)

Healthy, safe distances

Industrialization

Non sustainable far too high

Levels of trauma

Optimum development with complexity governance setting in 2015

Non sustainable far too high Levels of environmental complexity

C1c

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Graphic representation of human complexity between 10.000 bc and 2070

Axis of time -100

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Entry of C1a in 2015 Rapid decline of human population scenario setting in due to the lack of complexity governance and 5 Billion people die in war and other events

C1a

Wrong distance (too narrow,

non sustainable development)

Industrialization

Non sustainable far too high Levels of violence (IS, terrorism, Ukraine, etc)

C1a, as to be expected if WW IV sets in.

Non sustainable far too high Levels of environmental complexity destruction

Environmental complexity remains complicated and very sensitive to human behavior

Empathy and contingent

complexity take a long time to grow

to desirable levels

Relative complexity suffers of a very, very large oscillation

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Graphic representation of human complexity between 10.000 bc and 2070

Axis of time -100

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C1b

Wrong distance

(too narrow, non

sustainable development)

Industrialization

Non sustainable far too high

Levels of violence

Possible complexity evolution if no complexity governance sets in until 2020 and if no WW sets up

C1b with dictatorship imposed by the lacking of complexity governance

Contingent complexity remains very low in proportion due to the increase of population and needs for communication among people

Communication raises extremely to avoid conflict + confusion

Violence levels have to drop drastically allowing for communication

Empathy climbs to heaven and depends on communication

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Graphic representation of human complexity between 10.000 bc and 2070

Axis of time -100

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Entry of C1a in 2013 Rapid decline of human population scenario setting in due to the lack of complexity governance

C1a

C1b

C1c

Wrong distance (too narrow,

non sustainable development)

Healthy, safe distances

Industrialization, increase of absolutism and materialism within humankind

Non sustainable far too high

levels

Optimum development with complexity governance starting 2015

Possible complexity evolution if no complexity governance sets in until 2020 and if no WW sets up

All three curves C1a, C1b and C1c compared C1c

C1c

C1c

C1c

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