2 Konsep TRANSPORTASI dalam TATA RUANG Regional

KONSEP TRANSPORTASI DALAM TATA RUANG REGIONALDr Dyah R.HizbaronGeografi & Ilmu LingkunganFakultas GeografiUniversitas Gadjah Mada2009

AMERICAN STUDIESTransportation Geography

Edward Ullman Examine why flow or interaction among some areas were different? Transferability Complementarity Intervening opportunity

Mapping commodity flow across US Criticsm from Isard:

Input output model Multiplier and location analysis Interregional linear programming technique

Analysis, Hipotheses and Models to represent such descriptive result.

Perhitungan interaksi – Model Ullman Interaksi keruangan dapat dituangkan dalam model yang berdasar pada faktor: Regional complementarily

Fungsi sumber daya yang tersedia di suatu wilayah

Intervening opportunity Fungsi alternatif ruang yang menyediakan pasokan sumber daya

Transferability Fungsi jarak yang diukur dalam satuan waktu dan biaya

Copyright © 1998-2008, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Economics & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

Logika Jarak, Waktu dan BiayaA BWalkingCycling Driving

D(W) D(C) D(D)

Friction ofDistance

Movement

Distance (D)

Time

Friction of distance◦ the cost of

overcoming distance ◦ If the friction of

distance is too great, interaction will not occur in spite of a complementary supply-demand relationship.

◦ Depends on prevailing transportation technology and the price of energy.

Walter Isard Transport cost, Gravity Model, and Transport Optimization Problem Role of transport cost in industrial location through comparative cost analysis

Regional Study on Transportation (spatial approach on efficient pattern of location and transportation) vs Geography Study on Transportation (system approach on location and transportation)

Modern Geography Transportation

Taafe & Gauthier (1973)

How scholar studied transportation? Economist cost characteristics Engineers comparative operating characteristics

Politics regulatory policy Geographer organization of the area, spatial structure, process that created the structure.

Classic Transportation Geography

Distance

Cost

Location

Descriptive Manner

QUALITATIVE APPROACH

1950s – 1960s-Description-Classification -Mapping

Modern Transportation Geography

Multi discipline Approach

Politics,Regional Approach

Economic,

Technical

Approach

QUANTITATIVEAPPROACH

Modeling

1970s – recent-Analysis of impact-Model building-Statistic & MathematicalCalculation- Forecasting

Context of Transportation

Geography

Economic

Regional

• Spatial Structure

• Spatial Process• Cost Effectiveness

• Supply & Demand• Spatial Interaction

• Spatial Planning

Spatial Form of the Transport Network

Gambar 9. Model Teori Poros (Babcock, 1933)

Sumber : Yunus, 2000.

Perhitungan interaksi – Model Gravity

2 kota memiliki 1000 masing-masing 1000 penduduk, jarak di antara kedua kota adalah 10 km.

Diketahui konstanta a = 1 dan b = 2. Berapa interaksi yang terjadi antara dua kota tersebut?

Tij = the spatial interaction between origin i and destination j,

Pi and Pj = their respective populations,

dij = distance between them. b = exponent representing the interaction retarding effect of the friction of distance which depends on transportation technology. T

a = constant, k =scale differences.

Pertanyaan?Pengembangan Metode SCL

Menurut Anda, apakah peran transportasi dalam rencana tata ruang?

Contoh Penelitian

1. Mendeskripsikan jumlah penduduk di suatu wilayah dan kebutuhan jenis jalan.

2. Mendeskripsikan kadar Pb di sepanjang poros jalan kolektor primer.

3. Memetakan jalur bus di Kota Yogyakarta.4. Menganalisa lokasi pembangunan halte

busway.5. Menemukenali pemanfaatan guna lahan di

sepanjang poros ulang-alik Yogya-Solo6. Analisa cost and benefit terhadap

penempatan jalur poros pengembangan wilayah Kulonprogo - Purworejo

EUROPEAN STUDIESTransportation Geography

Development of the studies in Europe

Era Basic Theme

Related Concept

Domain Concern

Classic Transport Geography

Distance, Cost, transport zone

Location Theory (Von Thunen, Weber, and Christaller)

- Economic Geography- Political Geography

Different types of transportation mode

Macro – meso level, effect of transport zone

Regional Concept

Economic GeographyApolitical Geography

Different level of analysis

Modern Transport Geography

Traffic participation

Behavioral Theory

Social Geography, mobility study

Different preference on transportation

Transport Planning

Supply Demand

Transp

ort

Planni

ng EngineeringEconomics

1950 – 1960s Fokus pada :Kuantitas (Penyediaan infrastruktur & media)Kualitas (Perbaikan infrastruktur & media)

1970 – recent

Fokus pada:Isu keruanganIsu lingkunganIsu pola pemilihan moda

Scientific CritismNo Framework, varied in:•Methods •Concept•Approach

Research Questions •Overlap to transport planning

•Overlap to politics

•Not neutral by science

Transport in Mobility Studies Problem oriented research Non traditional discipline (multi dimension)

Used to be description in “spatial supply & demand” now turn to “causes of traffic”

Rooted in socio-political discussion

Seeing practice and theory as united approach (not separable)

ASIAN STUDIESRural – Urban Transformation

Case of Asian Decision Making in Development

Poli

cy i

n As

ia

Industrialization Urbanization Structural shiftMass marketProductivity basedInfrastructure investmentHi – tech applied

Impa

ct r

ural

Low family farmOff-farm laborMigrant laborFood importsIncome disparityGreen revolution from technology in agricultureEnvironmental impact

Impa

ct u

rban

Concentrated activitySlum areaTraffic congestionService-centredIssue of sustainability

Impact to transportation Overview on accelerated transaction flow between urban – rural

Flow of people Flow of commodities Flow of capital Flow of information Growth in transportation sector Improve inter-regional linkage (breaking down friction on distance and reduction of transport cost)

Urban corridor

CONTOH KEBIJAKAN TRANSPORTASI YOGYAKARTA

24

2000 0 2000 4000 6000 M eters

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Jaw a TengahSkala 1 : 2.000.000

PEM ERINTAH PROPINSIDAERAH ISTIM EW A YOGYAKARTA

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BADAN PERENCANAAN DAERAHPROPINSI DAERAH ISTIM EW A YOGYAKARTA

PROPINSIJAW A TENGAH

PROPINSIDI. YOGYAKARTA

SA MUDE RA HINDIA

LA UT J AW A

PETA RENCANA PENGEMBANGANSISTEM TRANSPORTASI

Sum ber :1. Peta Rupabum i Digital 1 : 25.000.2. Bap peda Propinsi D.I. Yogyakarta.

Keterangan :

W aduk / TelagaSungaiJalan K ereta A piJalan K abupatenJalan P ropinsiJalan N asionalBatas P erairan Laut ( 12 m il )Batas P erairan Laut ( 4 m il )

G aris P antaiBatas D esaBatas K eca m atanBatas K abupatenBatas P ropinsiIbukota Kecam a tanIbukota Kabupaten

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K A B U P A TE N P U R W O R E JOP R O P IN S I JA W A TEN G A H

K AB U P A TE N K LA TE NP R O PIN S I JA W A T E N G AH

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R EN C A N A O U TE R R IN G R O A D

20 00 0 20 00 4000 600 0 M e ters

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PRO PINS IDI. YO G YAKA RT A

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LA UT JAW A

PETA RENCANA PENGEMBANGANSISTEM TRANSPORTASI

Sum ber :1. Pe ta Rupabum i Digital 1 : 25.000.2. Bappeda Propinsi D.I. Yogya karta.

K eteran gan :

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KA BU P A TE N W O N O G IR IPR O PIN SI JA W A T E N G A H

KABU P A TEN PU R W O R E JOPR O PIN SI JAW A TE N G A H

KABU P ATE N K LAT ENP RO PIN S I JA W A TEN G AH

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B am banglipuro

REN CA NA O U TER R IN G RO AD

PETA RENC PEMGEMBANGAN SISTEM TRANSPORTASI

25PETA RENC INFRASTRUKTUR UTAMA

26

PETA RENC KWS STRATEGIS

27

PETA PROYEKSI KEPADATAN PENDUDUK

28

PENGEMBANGAN FUNGSI KORIDOR-PERKOTAAN YOGYAKARTA

No Arahan Fungsi Dominan

Arahan Fungsi Dominan Ket

1. Inti Perkotaan Yogyakarta

•Perdagangan•Pariwisata•Pendidikan•Pemerintahan•Industri (hitech)•Perumahan

Kota Yogyakarta dan Sekitarnya

2. Koridor Jl. Magelang •Industri kecil dan sedang•Jasa Komersial/perdagangan•Pertanian

Jalur Sleman – Tempel

3. Zona Pinggir UtaraZona Pinggir Barat – SelatanKoridor Jl. SoloZona Pinggir Barat - Selatan

•Pendidikan•Pariwisata•Perumahan•Pertanian

Depok dan Mlati


•Pendidikan•Perumahan•Pertanian•Industri kecil – sedang

Godean, Moyudan, Gamping, Sedayu


•Industri besar – sedang•Pertanian

Jalur Sentolo, Wates, Temon

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•Industri kecil-sedang-besar•Pertanian•Perumahan•Pariwisata•Pendidikan

Kasihan, Panjangan, Bantul

7. Zona Pinggir Timur - SelatanKoridor Jl. SoloPusat Pelayanan PakemPusat Pelayanan Wates

• Pariwsata• Pendidikan• Pertanian• Perumahan• Industri kecil

Sewon, Banguntapan, Berbah, Pleret, Imogiri


• Pariwsata• Pendidikan• Pertanian• Perumahan• Industri kecil• Komersial

Jalur Kalasan Prambanan


• Pertanian• Pariwisata• Pendidikan

Jalur Pakem – Ngaglik.Pelayanan Lokal


• Pemerintahan• Sosio-Ekonomi

Pelayanan Sub Regional

30



11. Pusat Pelayanan Galur - Srandakan

• Pemerintahan• Industri Kecil

Pelayanan Lokal

12. Pusat Pelayaan Kretek • Pariwisata• Industri Kecil

Pelayanan Internasional

13. Pusat Pelayanan Semin • Pertanian• Fasilitas Sosial Ekonomi

Pelayanan Tol – perbatasan

14. Pusat Pelayanan Wonosari •Pemerintahan•Pelayanan sosial – ekonomi•Pertanian

Kelompok Playen- Wonosari – Semanu.Pelayanan Sub

Regional Sumber : 1. RTRW Prov. DIY tahun 2002-20072. Bantek Prov DIY 2007-2027

Aspek Transportasi Wilayah Papua Barat

Transportasi darat bukan yang utama, terutama antar kabupaten/kota;

Kondisi jalan pada semua Kab/Kota masih dalam tahap pembangunan;

Antar distrik di Kab. Raja Ampat, Teluk Bintuni, & Teluk Wondama masih mengandalkan transportasi air;

Transportasi udara sangat diandalkan walaupun di Kab. Teluk Wondama, Teluk Bintuni, dan Sorong Selatan hanya bisa didarati oleh pesawat kecil;

Maskapai yang beroperasi belum banyak, jadwal penerbangan pun tidak selalu ada;

Transportasi laut juga diandalkan khususnya untuk memasok barang kebutuhan dari Surabaya/Makassar;

Pelabuhan Sungai hanya terdapat di Kab. Teluk Bintuni.

RENCANA PENGEMBAGAN

SISTEM TRANSPORTAS

I

DARAT

LAUTUDARA

2 Konsep TRANSPORTASI dalam TATA RUANG Regional

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