Tugas Ilmu Keperawatan Dasar

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TUGAS ILMU KEPERAWATAN DASAR

TEORI MODEL KEPERAWATAN: MIDDLE RANGE THEORY

OLEH:

KELOMPOK III

- NI LUH PUTU SUKERTI- I NENGAH MERTAYASA- I GEDE RAI SUDANA- NI NYOMAN SUKANADI

SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU KESEHATAN WIRA MEDIKA PPNI BALI

2014

BAB I



PENDAHULUAN

Pelayanan e!e"a#a$an %e"&!a an 'a()an !en$)n( *ala% !elayanan e+e,a$an

yan( 'e"+) a$ .%!"e,en+) %el)!&$) ').!+) .+.+). &l$&"al *an +!)")$&al yan(

*)$&/& an e!a*a )n*) )*& el&a"(a el.%!. *an %a+ya"a a$ 'a) *ala%

ea*aan +e,a$ %a&!&n +a )$ *en(an !en*e a$an !".+e+ e!e"a#a$an Pelayanan

e!e"a#a$an yan( 'e" &al)$a+ *)*& &n( .le, !en(e%'an(an $e.") *an %.*el

.n+e!$&al e!e"a#a$an Pe"l& *)ya )n) 'a,#a !ene"a!an +&a$& $e.") e!e"a#a$an

*ala% !ela +anaan a+&,an e!e"a#a$an a an 'e"*a%!a !a*a !en)n( a$an

&al)$a+ a+&,an e!e"a#a$an Pelayanan e!e"a#a$an +e'a(a) !elayanan

!". e+).nal a an 'e" e%'an( ')la *)*& &n( .le, $e.") *an %.*el e!e"a#a$an

+e"$a !en(e%'an(an ")+e$ e!e"a#a$an *an *))%!le%en$a+) an *) *ala% !"a $e

e!e"a#a$an

A+&,an e!e"a#a$an %e"&!a an !en*e a$an )l%)a, *an "a+).nal *ala%

%enyele+a) an %a+ala, e!e"a#a$an yan( a*a *en(an !en*e a$an yan(

*)la & an $e"+e'&$ 'en$& !enyele+a)an %a+ala, e!e"a#a$an *a!a$ $e"a"a, *an

$e"en3ana *en(an 'a) *)%ana *ala% a+&,an e!e"a#a$an $e"*a!a$ 'e'e"a!a

$a,a! ya)$& !en( a/)an !ene(a an *)a(n.+a !e"en3anaan )%!l)%en$a+)

$)n*a an *an e al&a+)

P". e+) e!e"a#a$an %en(enal e%!a$ $)n( a$an $e.") yan( $e"*)") *a") %e$a

$,e."y ("an* $,e."y %)**le "an(e $,e."y *an !"a3$)3e $,e."y Te.")-$e.") $e"+e'&$

*) la+) ) a+) an 'e"*a+a" an $)n( a$ ea'+$"a annya *)%&la) *a") %e$a $,e."y



+e'a(a) yan( !al)n( a'+$"a ,)n((a !"a3$)3e $,e."y +e'a(a) yan( le'), .n ")$

Le el e e%!a$ *a") $e.") $e"+e'&$ %e$a$,e."y5 a*ala, $e.") *en(an le el $e"$)n(()

*an *)/ela+ an *en(an !"e )6 7%e$a8 yan( 'e"a"$) 7!e"&'a,an !a*a !.+)+)8

7*)l&a"8 !a*a le el $e"$)n(() a$a& 7%ele'),)8 *an %e"&/& !a*a '.*y .

n.#le*(e $en$an( '.*y . n.#le*(e a$a& $en$an( +&a$& ')*an( !e%'ela/a"an

+e!e"$) %e$a%a$e%a$) a K")!!en*." 19 ; *ala% Sell *an Kal. )++&*)+ 20045

M.*el .n+e!$&al e!e"a#a$an *) e%'an( an .le, !a"a a,l) e!e"a#a$an *en(an

,a"a!an *a!a$ %en/a*) e"an( a 'e"!) )" !e"a#a$ +e,)n((a !e"a#a$ !e"l&

%e%a,a%) .n+e! )n) +e'a(a) e"an( a .n+e! *ala% %e%'e") an a+ e! *ala%

!"a $e e!e"a#a$an

Te.") M)**le Ran(e yan( %e"&!a an le el e*&a *a") $e.") e!e"a#a$an a an

*)'a,a+ le'), /a&, *ala% %a ala, )n)



BAB II

TINJAUAN TEORI / ISI

A De )n)+) M)**le Ran(e T,e.")e+

M)**le "an(e $,e.")e+ *a!a$ *)*e )n)+) an +e'a(a) +e"an( a)an )*e< (a(a+an

yan( +al)n( 'e",&'&n(an *an 'e" . &+ !a*a +&a$& *)%en+) $e"'a$a+ ya)$& !a*a "eal)$a+

e!e"a#a$an S%)$, *an L)e," 200 5

Te.")-$e.") )n) $e"*)") *a") 'e'e"a!a .n+e! yan( +al)n( 'e",&'&n(an *an *a!a$

*)(a%'a" an *ala% +&a$& %.*el M)**le "an(e $,e.")e+ *a!a$ *) e%'an(a an !a*a

$a$anan !"a $e *an ")+e$ &n$& %enye*)a an !e*.%an *ala% !"a $) *an

")+e$<!enel)$)an yan( 'e"'a+)+ !a*a *)+)!l)n )l%& e!e"a#a$an

B Pe"'an*)n(an *en(an Le el Te.") yan( la)n

Dala% l)n( &! *an $)n( a$an a'+$"a middle range theory 3& &! +!e+) )

&n$& %e%'e") an !e$&n/& ")+e$ *an !"a $) 3& &! &%&% !a*a !.!&la+) l)n) *an

%en3a &! en.%ena yan( +a%a Se'a(a) !e$&n/& ")+e$ *an !"a $e middle range

theory le'), 'anya *)(&na an *a") !a*a grand theory, dan *a!a$ *)&/) *ala%

!e%) )"an e%!)")+

Te.") M)**le-Ran(e %e%)l) ) ,&'&n(an yan( le'), &a$ *en(an !enel)$)an

*an !"a $) H&'&n(an an$a"a !enel)$)an *an !"a $) %en&"&$ Me"$.n 19; 5

%en&n/& an 'a,#a Te.") M)*-Ran(e a%a$ !en$)n( *ala% *)+)!l)n !"a $) +ela)n )$&



Wal e" an* A an$ 199=5 %e%!e"$a,an an 'a,#a %)*-"an(e $,e.")e+

%enye)%'an( an e+!e+) ) annya *en(an .n+e! +e3a"a n."%al yan( na%!a *ala%

("an* $e.")

M)*-"an(e $e.") %e%'e") an %an aa$ 'a() !e"a#a$ %&*a, *)a!l) a+) an

*ala% !"a $) *an 3& &! a'+$"a +e3a"a )l%)a, Te.") M)**le Ran(e $)n( a$

ea'+$"a annya !a*a le el !e"$en(a,an )n l&+) *)."(an)+a+) *ala% l)n( &! $e"'a$a+

%e%)l) ) +e/&%la, a")a'el $e"'a$a+ *a!a$ *)&/) +e3a"a lan(+&n(

K"a%e" 199=5 %en(a$a an 'a,#a %)*-"an(e $,e."y +e+&a) *en(an l)n( &!

en.%ena yan( "ela$) l&a+ $e$a!) $)*a %en3a &! e+el&"&,an en.%ena yan( a*a

*an %e"&!a an %a+ala, !a*a *)+)!l)n )l%&

B)la *)'an*)n( an *en(an ("an* $e.") %)**le "an(e $,e."y )n) le'), .n ")$

Me"$.n 19; 5 yan( 'e"'e"!e"an *ala% !en(e%'an(an %)**le "an(e $,e."y

%en*e )n)+) an $e.") )n) +e'a(a) +e+&a$& yan( %)n." $e$a!) !en$)n( *ala% !enel)$)an

*an !en(e%'an(an +&a$& $e.")

Se!en*a!a$ *en(an Me"$.n 'e'e"a!a !en&l)+ e!e"a#a$an %en(e%& a an

%)**le "an(e $,e."y /) a *)'an*)n( an *en(an ("an* $,e."y:

1 R&an( l)n( &!nya le'), +e%!)$

2 Le'), .n ")$ en.%ena yan( *)+a/) an le'), +!e+) )

> Te"*)") *a") .n+e! *an !".!.+)+) yan( le'), +e*) )$



4 Me"e!"e+en$a+) an ')*an( e!e"a#a$an yan( le'), +!e+) ) < $e"'a$a+

= Le'), *a!a$ *)&/) +e3a"a e%!)")+

; Le'), *a!a$ *)a!l) a+) an +e3a"a lan(+&n( *ala% $a$anan !"a $)

Be") &$ a*ala, 'e'e"a!a 3.n$., %)**le "an(e $,e."y yan( *)$&"&n an *a")

("an* $,e."y:

? Pen(el.%!. an Te.")

Be"*a+a" an !en(el.%!. annya M)**le Ran(e T,e."y *) el.%!. an .le,

'e'e"a!a !eny&+&n '& & %en&"&$:



1 Pe$e"+.n @ B"e*.# 20045

Men( la+) ) a+) an %)**le "an(e $,e.")e+ e *ala% $)!e-$)!e :

a T)!e )+).l.()+

' T)!e .(n)$)

3 T)!e e%.+).nal

* T)!e +.+)al

e T)!e )n$e("a$) e

2 T.%ey @ All)(..* 200;5 'e"*a+a" $e%a %a+)n(-%a+)n( $e."):

a Illne++ $"a/e3$."y W)ene" @ D.** 199>5

' T)*al M.*el P,)l Ba" e" 20015

3 ?.% ."$ K.l3a'a 19925

* Pea3e &ll en* . l) e R&lan* @ M."e 199 5 *an +e'a(a)nya

D ?)") M)**le Ran(e T,e."y

1 Men&"&$ M3 Kenna , ! 199 5 :

a B)+a *)(&na an +e3a"a &%&% !a*a 'e"'a(a) +)$&a+)

' S&l)$ %en(a!l) a+) an .n+e! e *ala% $e.")

3 Tan!a )n*) a$." !en(& &"an

* Ma+), 3& &! a'+$"a

e K.n+e! *an !".!.+)+) yan( $e"& &"

In l&+)



( Me%)l) ) +e*) )$ .n+e! *an a")a'el

, Dala% 'en$& yan( le'), %&*a, *)&/)

) Me%)l) ) ,&'&n(an yan( &a$ *en(an ")+e$ *an !"a $)

/ Da!a$ *) e%'an( an +e3a"a *e*& $) "e$".*& $) Le'), +e")n( +e3a"a

)n*& $) %en((&na an +$&*) &al)$a$)

M&*a, *)a!l) a+) an e *ala% !"a $) *an 'a()an yan( a'+$"a

%e"&!a an ,al )l%)a, yan( %ena")

l Be" . &+ !a*a ,al-,al yan( %en/a*) !e",a$)an !e"a#a$

% Be'e"a!a *) an$a"anya %e%)l) ) *a+a" *a") ("an* $e.")

n M)*-"an(e $,e."y $&%'&, lan(+&n( *a") !"a $)

2 Men&"&$ Mele)+ A I 199 5 :

a R&an( l)n( &! $e"'a$a+

' Me%)l) ) +e*) )$ a'+$"a

3 Me%'a,a+ en.%ena a$a& .n+e! yan( le'), +!e+) ) *an

* Me"&!a an 3e"%)nan !"a $) a*%)n)+$"a+) l)n) !en(a/a"an5

> Men&"&$ W,all 199;5 :

a K.n+e! *an !".!.+)+) +!e+) ) $en$an( e!e"a#a$an

' M&*a, *)$e"a! an

3 B)+a *)$e"a! an !a*a 'e"'a(a) +)$&a+)

* P".!.+)+) ')+a 'e"a*a *ala% +&a$& "en$an( ,&'&n(an +e'a' a )'a$



E Pe" e%'an(an %)**le "an(e $,e."y

L)e," @ S%)$, 19995 %en/ela+ an 'a,#a !e" e%'an(an %)**le "an(e $,e."y

'e"+&%'e" !a*a !".+e+ )n$ele $&al yan( %el)!&$):

1 Te.") )n*& $) yan( %e%'an(&n $e.") %elal&) ")+e$

2 Te.") *e*& $) yan( 'e"a+al *a") ("an* $,e."y

> K.%')na+) *a") $e.") e!e"a#a$an *an n.n e!e"a#a$an

4 S)n$e+a $e.") yan( 'e"a+al *a") !enel)$)an yan( $ela, $e"!&'l) a+)

= Men(e%'an( an $e.") *a") !e*.%an !"a $) l)n)

Be'e"a!a $e.") e!e"a#a$an yan( +&*a, 'e" e%'an( $ela, *) .%')na+) an

*en(an $e.") *a") *)+)!l)n )l%& la)n &n$& %e%'en$& %)**le "an(e $,e."y Se'a()an

'e+a" M)**le "an(e $,e."y 'e"+&%'e" !a*a !ene%&an *a") !enel)$)an yan( $ela,

$e"!&'l) a+)

Pen((&naan %)**le "an(e $,e."y

M)**le "an(e $,e."y $ela, *)(&na an *ala% ')*an( !"a $) *an !enel)$)an

Te.") )n) %a%!& %en+$)%&la+) *an %en(e%'an( an !e%) )"an "a+).nal *a")

!enel)$)an +e"$a %e%')%')n( *ala% !e%)l),an a")a'le *an !e"$anyaan !enel)$)an

LenC 199 ! 2;5 M)**le "an(e Te.") *a!a$ %e%'an$& !"a $) *en(an %e% a+)l)$a+)

!e%a,a%an $e",a*a! !e")la & l)en *an %e%&n( n an &n$& %en/ela+ an 'e'e"a!a

e e $) )$a+ *a") )n$e" en+)



Re )e# $e",a*a! 'e'e"a!a !enel)$)an yan( *)!&'l) a+) an %en(&n( a! an

!en((&naan M)**le Ran(e Te.") *ala% !enel)$)an e!e"a#a$an %a+), 3& &! l&a+

Dan +e'a()an 'e+a" M)**le Ran(e Te.") 'e"a+al *a") *)+)!l)n )l%& la)n Hal )n) +an(a$

/ela+ e$) a )$a %e%'an*)n( an +e'e"a!a +e")n( M)**le Ran(e Te.") *an G"an*

Te.") *) &$)! *ala% l)$e"a$&" !enel)$)an e!e"a#a$an Da") 1 > !enel)$)an

yan(*))*en$) ) a+) %en((&na an $e.") a*ala, 9 4= 5 Dan *a") 9 !enel)$)an

$e"+e'&$ *))*en$) ) a+) ,anya 2= !enel)$)an yan( 'ena"-'ena" %en((&na an $e.")

e!e"a#a$an *an =4 la)nnya %en((&na an %en(a*.!+) *a") *)+)!l)n )l%& la)nnya *an

e'anya an *a") )l%& !+) .l.()

G K.n$". e"+) Ten$an( M)**le Ran(e Te.")

I*en$) ) a+) %)**le Ran(e Te.") $ela, 3& &! /ela+ D)+)+) la)n ?,en)$C +e."an(

!en&l)+ &$a%a *a") En$"y )n$. a N&"+)n( H.%e a+ S$a$&+ Pa++a(e %e%a+& an $e.") )n)

e *ala% !"a $) al $e.") )n) +e*an( an yan( la)nnya %e%a+& an e*ala% %)**le

"an(e $e.") Dala% anal)+)+ *a+a" M)**le Ran(e Te.") 7 Pe"$anyaan $en$an( M)**le

Ran(e $e.") '& anla, %e"&!a an +e+&a$& !e"nya$aan ,)$a% *an !&$), na%&n %e%)l) )

*e )n)+) yan( /ela+ M)**le Ran(e Te.") %en(an*&n( n)la) a'+$"a $)*a $e"lal& l&a+

na%&n /&(a $)*a $e"lal& +e%!)$ $e$a!) 'e"a*a !a*a .n*)+) *)!e"$en(a,an Un$&

%en3e(a, +ala, !ena +)"an *ala% !e%a,a%an $e",a*a! $e.") !a"a !ene%& $e.")

,a"&+ %e%'e") an I*en$)$a+ Te.") $e",a*a! .%!.nen .n+e! *ala% $e.") $e"+e'&$

Ke$)*a a &"a$an *a") %)**le "an(e $e.") ,anya +ala, +a$& *a") +e )an 'anya

")$) $e",a*a! $e.") )n) Sela)n ,al $e"+e'&$ e$)*a /ela+an *e )n)+) %)**le "an(e $e.")



$ela, *) ")$)+) &n$& %e%'e*a annya *en(an G"an* Te.") a"ena %a%!& &n$& *)&/)

%e((&na an )*e !.+$) l.()+

H T. .,-$. ., %)**le "an(e $,e."y

1 Ra%.na T Me"3e"

Ra%.na T Me"3e" %en(e%'an( an Sala, +a$& %.*el .n+e!$&al

e!e"a#a$an yan( %en*a+a") e!e"a#a$an %e$e"n)$a+ ya)$& Maternal Role

Attainment-Becoming a Mother . &+ &$a%a *a") $e.") )n) a*ala, (a%'a"an

!".+e+ !en3a!a)an !e"an )'& *an !".+e+ %en/a*) +e."an( )'& *en(an 'e"'a(a)

a+&%+) yan( %en*a+a")nya M.*el )n) /&(a %en/a*) !e*.%an 'a() !e"a#a$

*ala% %ela & an !en( a/)an !a*a 'ay) *an l)n( &n(annya *)(&na an &n$&

%en()*en$) ) a+) e'&$&,an'ay) %e%'e") an 'an$&an $e",a*a! 'ay) *en(an

!en*)*) an *an *& &n(an %e%'e") an !elayanan !a*a 'ay) yan( $)*a %a%!&

&n$& %ela & an !e"a#a$an +e3a"a %an*)") *an %a%!& 'e")n$e"a +) *en(an

l)n( &n(annya

K.n+e! $e.") Me"3e" )n) *a!a$ *)a!l) a+) an *ala% !e"a#a$an 'ay) 'a"&

la,)" $e"&$a%a !a*a .n*)+) !+) .+.+)al *an e%.+).nal 'ay) 'a"& la,)" %a+),

+e")n( $e"a'a) an M.*el .n+e!$&al Me"3e" %e%an*an( 'a,#a +) a$ 'ay)

'e"*a%!a !a*a )*en$)$a+ !e"an )'& Re+!.n !e" e%'an(an 'ay) 'a"& la,)" yan(

'e")n$e"a +) *en(an !e" e%'an(an )*en$)$a+ !e"an )'& *a!a$ *)a%a$) *a") !.la

!e")la & 'ay)



M.*el !en3a!a)an !e"an %a$e"nal yan( *) e%& a an .le, Me"3e"

*en(an %en((&na an .n+e! B".n en'"enne"F+ 19 95 %e%!e"l),a$ an

'a(a)%ana l)n( &n(an 'e"!en(a"&, $e",a*a! !en3a!a)an !e"an )'& *a!a$

*)l),a$ (a%'a" *) 'a#a,5

a Pa"a*)(%a Ke!e"a#a$an Be*a+a" an M.*el K.n+e!$&al Ra%.na T Me"3e"



- Keperawatan, Me"3e" 20045 %en(e%& a an 'a,#a e!e"a#a$an a*ala,

!". e+) yan( *)na%)+ *en(an $)(a . &+ &$a%a ya)$& !".%.+) e+e,a$an

%en3e(a, e+a )$an *an %enye*)a an layanan e!e"a#a$an 'a() yan(

%e%e"l& an &n$& %en*a!a$ an e+e,a$an yan( .!$)%al +e"$a !enel)$)an

&n$& %e%!e" aya *a+a" !en(e$a,&an 'a() !elayanan e!e"a#a$an

Pen( a/)an +elan/&$nya !a*a l)en *an l)n( &n(an !e"a#a$

%en()*en$) ) a+) $&/&an l)en %enye*)a an layanan !a*a l)en yan(

%el)!&$) *& &n(an !en*)*) an *an !elayanan e!e"a#a$an !a*a l)en

yan( $)*a %a%!& %e"a#a$ *)")nya +en*)")- Manusia, Me"3e" $)*a %en*e )n)+) an +e3a"a +!e+) ) %en(ena) .n+e!

%an&+)a na%&n %en(a"a, !a*a *)") *an )n$) *)") Me"3e" %e%an*an( *)")

+e'a(a) 'a()an *a") !e"an yan( *)%a)n an Wan)$a +e'a(a) )n*) )*& *a!a$

'e"!e"an %en/a*) ."an( $&a /) a $ela, %elal&) %.$,e"-)n an$ *ya* In$) *a")

%an&+)a $e"+&+&n *a") .n$e + '&*aya *an *a!a$ %en*e )n)+) an *an

%e%'en$& +)$&a+) K.n+e! e!e"3ayaan *)") *an ,a"(a *)") +e'a(a)

%an&+)a $e"!)+a, *a") )n$e"a +) *en(an 'ay)nya *an aya, *a") 'ay)nya a$a&

."an( la)n yan( 'e"a"$) +al)n( %e%!en(a"&,)- Kese atan, Me"3e" %en*e )n)+) an +$a$&+ e+e,a$an *a") ."an( $&a

+e'a(a) !e"+e!+) e+e,a$an %e"e a yan( lal& e+e,a$an +aa$ )n) ,a"a!an

$en$an( e+e,a$an "e+) . $e",a*a! !enya )$ e ,a#a$)" an *an !e",a$)an

$en$an( e+e,a$an .")en$a+) !a*a !enya )$ *an !enye%'&,annya +$a$&+

e+e,a$an 'ay) 'a"& la,)" *en(an $)n( a$ e,a*)"an !enya )$ *an +$a$&+

e+e,a$an 'ay) .le, ."an( $&a !a*a e+e,a$an +e3a"a %enyel&"&,



Ke+e,a$an *)!an*an( +e'a(a) e)n()nan yan( *)$&n/& an &n$& 'ay)

Me"3e" %en(e%& a an 'a,#a +$"e++ +&a$& !".+e+ yan( %e%e"l& an

!e",a$)an !en$)n( +ela%a !e"a#a$an !e"+al)nan *an !".+e+ ela,)"an- Lin!"un!an, De )n)+) l)n( &n(an yan( *) e%& a an .le, Me"3e"

*)a*a!$a+) *a") *e )n)+) Bronfenbrenner’s $en$an( e .l.() l)n( &n(an *an

'e"*a+a" an $e.") a#alnya Me"3e" %en/ela+ an $en$an( !e" e%'an(an

$)*a *a!a$ %en/a*) 'a()an *a") l)n( &n(an $e"*a!a$ a .%.*a+) %&$&al

an$a"a !e" e%'an(an )n*) )*& *an !e"&'a,an +) a$ *en(an +e(e"a S$"e++

*an *& &n(an +.+)al *ala% l)n( &n(an %e%!en(a"&,) &n$& %en3a!a) !e"an %a$e"nal *an !a$e"nal +e"$a !e" e%'an(an ana

' Pen3a!a)an Pe"an I'& : Mercer’s Original Model

Ma$e"nal Role Attainmen yan( *) e%& a an .le, Me"3e" %e"&!a an

+e &%!&lan +) l&+ %) ".+)+$e% %e+.+)+$e% *an %a ".+)+$e% M.*el )n)

*) e%'an( an .le, Me"3e" +e/alan !en(e"$)an yan( *) e%& a an

Bronfenbrenner’s, ya)$& :

- Mi"r#siste$ a%a&a l)n( &n(an +e(e"a *)%ana !e"an !en3a!a)an )'&

$e"/a*) K.%!.nen %) ".+)+$e% )n) an$a"a la)n &n(+) el&a"(a ,&'&n(an

)'&-aya, *& &n(an +.+)al +$a$&+ e .n.%) e!e"3ayaan el&a"(a *an

+$"e++." 'ay) 'a"& la,)" yan( *)!an*an( +e'a(a) )n*) )*& yan( %ele a$

*ala% +)+$e% el&a"(a Me"3e" 19905 %en(&n( a! an 'a,#a el&a"(a

*)!an*an( +e'a(a) +)+$e% +e%) $e"$&$&! yan( %e%el),a"a 'a$a+an *an



!en(a#a+an yan( le'), an$a" !e"&'a,an +en(an +)+$e% el&a"(a *an

+)+$e% la)nnya- Mes#siste$ $e&iputi %e%!en(a"&,) *an 'e")n$e"a +) *en(an )n*) )*& *)

%) ".+)+$e% Me+.+)+$e% %en3a &! !e"a#a$an +e,a")-,a") +e .la,

$e%!a$ e"/a $e%!a$ )'a*a, *an l)n( &n(an yan( &%&% 'e"a*a *ala%

%a+ya"a a$- Ma"r#siste$ a%a&a '&*aya !a*a l)n( &n(an )n*) )*&

Ma ".+)+$e% $e"*)") a$a+ +.+)al !.l)$) L)n( &n(an !elayanan e+e,a$an

*an e')/a an +)+$e% e+e,a$an yan( 'e"*a%!a !a*a !en3a!a)an !e"an

)'&Ma$e"nal R.le A$$a)n%en$ a*ala, !".+e+ yan( %en() &$) 4 e%!a$5

$a,a! !en(&a+aan !e"an ya)$& :

- Antisipat#ri : $a,a!an an$)+)!a$.") *)%&la) +ela%a e,a%)lan %en3a &!

*a$a +.+)al !+) .l.() !enye+&a)an +ela%a ,a%)l ,a"a!an )'& $e",a*a!

!e"an 'ela/a" &n$& 'e"!e"an ,&'&n(an *en(an /an)n *ala% &$e"&+ *an

%&la) %e%a)n an !e"an- '#r$a& : $a,a!an )n) *)%&a) *a") ela,)"an 'ay) yan( %en3a &! !".+e+

!e%'ela/a"an *an !en(a%')lan !e"an %en/a*) )'& Pe"an !e")la & %en/a*)

!e$&n/& ."%al ,a"a!an .n+e!$&al yan( la)n *ala% +)+$e% +.+)al )'&- In(#r$a& : %e"&!a an $a,a! *)%&la)nya !e" e%'an(an )'& *en(an /alan

a$a& 3a"a ,&+&+ yan( 'e",&'&n(an *en(an !e"an yan( $)*a $e"'a#a *a")

+)+$e% +.+)al Wan)$a %e%'&a$ !e"an 'a"&nya *ala% e'e"a*aan

e,)*&!annya yan( 'e"*a+a" an !en(ala%an %a+a lal& *an $&/&an e

*e!an



- Pers#na& ataui%entitas peran : yan( $e"/a*) a*ala, )n$e"nal)+a+) #an)$a

$e",a*a! !e"annya Pen(ala%an #an)$a yan( *)"a+a an ,a"%.n)+ !e"3aya

*)") e%a%!&an *ala% %ena%!)l an !e"annya *an !en3a!a)an !e"an )'&

Ta,a!an !en3a!a)an !e"an )'& )n) 'e" a)$an *an +e/alan *en(an

!e"$&%'&,an *an !e" e%'an(an 'ay) 'a"& la,)" Re+!.n !e" e%'an(an 'ay)

+e'a(a) "e+!.n $e",a*a! !e" e%'an(an !e"an )'& a*ala,:

- K.n$a %a$a *en(an )'& +aa$ )'& ')3a"a "e le + %en((en((a%- Re le + $e"+eny&% *an $enan( *ala% !e"a#a$an )'&- Pe")la & )n$e"a +) $an( .n+)+$en *en(an )'&

- Be3.%)n( a Mother Men)%'&l an "e+!.n *a") )'& %en)n( a$ ana $) )$a+

3 M.*el Re )+) !a*a $a,&n 200> Me"3e" %e"e )+) %.*el %a$e"nal ".le

a$$a)n%en$ %en/a*) a 'e3.%)n( %.$,e"

Pa*a %.*el )n) ditempatkan )n$e"a +) an$a"a )'& 'ay) *an aya, +e'a(a)

+en$"al )n$e"a +) yan( $)n((al *ala% +a$& l)n( &n(an *a!a$ *)l),a$ *ala%

(a%'a" *) 'a#a,5



Dala% %.*el )n) *)/ela+ an a")a'el l)n( &n(an el&a"(a *an $e%an

%el)!&$) *& &n(an +.+)al n)la) *a") el&a"(a '&*aya &n(+) el&a"(a *an

+$"e++." L)n( &n(an .%&n)$a+ %el)!&$) !e"a#a$an +e,a")-,a") $e%!a$ e"/a

+e .la, "&%a, +a )$ a+)l)$a+ "e "ea+) *an !&+a$ e'&*ayaan L)n( &n(an

yan( le'), 'e+a" *)!en(a"&,) .le, ,& &% yan( 'e",&'&n(an *en(an

!e"e%!&an *an ana -ana $e"%a+& )l%& $en$an( 'ay) 'a"& la,)" e+e,a$an

"e!".*& +) '&*aya $e"a!an *an !".("a% !e"a#a$an e+e,a$an na+).nal

- Ke&e$a an Te#ri, Te.") Me"3e" +an(a$ a!l) a$) /) a *)$&/& an &n$&

%en( a/) .n*)+) yan( 'e" a)$an *en(an !en3a!a)an !e"an na%&n $e.") )n)

'el&% a!l) a$) *ala% %en((al) *a$a yan( 'e",&'&n(an *en(an e'&$&,an



*a+a" $e"&$a%a !e%en&,an e'&$&,an )+) Ole, a"ena )$& !ene"a!an

.n+e! Me"3e" !e"l& *)%.*) ) a+) *en(an $e.") la)n &n$& %elen( a!)

e &"an(annya

2 Ka$,a")ne K.l3a'a

K.l3a'a %en(e%'an( an Te.") Kenya%anan %elal&) $)(a /en)+

!e%) )"an l.()+ an$a"a la)n :

a In*& +)In*& +) $e"/a*) e$) a !enya%a"a$aan *)'an(&n *a") +&a$& e/a*)an yan(

*)a%a$) +e3a"a +!e+) ) D) %ana !e"a#a$ *en(an +&n((&,-+&n((&,

%ela & an !"a $e *an *en(an +&n((&,-+&n((&, %ene"a! an

e!e"a#a$an +e'a(a) *)+)!l)n +e,)n((a %e"e a %en/a*) $e"')a+a *en(an

.n+e! I%!l)+)$ a$a& e +!l)+)$ $e"%)n.l.() *al)l *an a+&%+) !en*& &n(

!"a $e %e"e a Ke$) a !e"a#a$ l&l&+ +e .la, %e"e a %&n( )n *)%)n$a

&n$& %en/ela+ an *)a("a% !"a $e nya yan( %ana $&(a+ $e"+e'&$

+an(a$la, %&*a,b. De*& +)

De*& +) a*ala, +&a$& ."%a$ *a") !e%) )"an l.()+ *) %ana e+)%!&lan

+!e+) ) 'e"a+al *a") !")n+)! a$a& !en*a!a$ yan( le'), &%&% !".+e+nya

*a") yan( &%&% e yan( +!e+) ) Lan( a, %en(&"an() !en(e%'an(an

$e.") %en(a )'a$ an $e.") enya%anan *a!a$ *),&'&n( an *en(an .n+e!

la)n &n$& %en(,a+)l an +&a$& $e.") Ke"/a *a") $)(a a,l) $e.") e!e"a#a$an

*)!e"l& an &n$& %en*e )n)+) an enya%anan Ole, a"ena )$& K.l3a'a

le'), *&l& %el),a$ *) $e%!a$ la)n &n$& 'e e"/a +e3a"a 'e"+a%a &n$&



%enya$& an e'&$&,an +e!e"$) e")n(anan e$en$"a%an *an ,al yan(

!en$)n( A!a yan( *)'&$&, an *)a %e"eal)+)" +&a$& yan( a'+$"a *an

e"an( a .n+e!$&al &%&% yan( +a%a *en(an enya%anan *an 'e")+)

*ala% /&%la, 'anya yan( 'e"+) a$ a'+$"ac. Re$".*& +)

Re$".*& +) a*ala, +&a$& ."%a$ !e%) )"an &n$& %e%&la) )*e Be"%an aa$

&n$& %e%)l), +&a$& en.%ena yan( *a!a$ *) e%'an( an le'), lan/&$ *an

*)&/) Pe%) )"an /en)+ )n) *)$e"a! an *) *ala%5 ')*an( *) %ana $e"+e*)a

+e*) )$ $e.") Se!e"$) !a*a a+&+ ,a+)l ")+e$ *) %ana +aa$ )n) %e%&+a$ !a*a

!en(&%!&lan *a$a'a+e 'e+a" &n$& %en(& &" ,a+)l *an 'e",&'&n(an !a*a

!en(el&a"an &n$& /en)+ e!e"a#a$an %e*)+ )n+$)$&+) a$a& !".$. .l

%a+ya"a a$ Pena%'a,an +&a$& e"an( a $e.") e!e"a#a$an &n$& ")+e$

,a+)l a an %en)n( a$ an a"ea !enel)$)an e!e"a#a$an a"ena !"a $e *a+a"

$e.") %e%&n( )n an !e"a#a$ &n$& %en*)+a)n )n$e" en+) yan( +a%a *an

+ela"a+ *en(an ,a+)l yan( *))n()n an

Te.") Comfort *a") K.l3a'a )n) %ene an an !a*a 'e'e"a!a .n+e! &$a%a

'e+e"$a *e )n)+)nya an$a"a la)n :

a. Health Care eedsK.l3a'a %en*e )n)+) an e'&$&,an !elayanan e+e,a$an +e'a(a) +&a$&

e'&$&,an a an enya%anan yan( *),a+)l an *a") +)$&a+) !elayanan

e+e,a$an yan( +$"e++ &l yan( $)*a *a!a$ *)!en&,) .le, !ene")%a +&!!."$

+y+$e% $"a*)+).nal Ke'&$&,an )n) %el)!&$) e'&$&,an )+) !+) .+!)")$&al



+.+)al *an l)n( &n(an yan( e+e%&anya %e%'&$&, an %.n)$.")n(

la!."an e"'al %a&!&n n.n e"'al +e"$a e'&$&,an yan( 'e",&'&n(an

*en(an !a"a%e$e" !a$. )+).l.()+ %e%'&$&, an e*& a+) *an *& &n(an

+e"$a e'&$&,an a an .n+el)n( )nan3)al *an )n$e" en+)b. Comfort

Comfort %e"&!a an +e'&a, .n+e! yan( %e%!&nya) ,&'&n(an yan( &a$

*ala% e!e"a#a$an Comfort *)a"$) an +e'a(a) +&a$& ea*aan yan( *)ala%)

.le, !ene")%a yan( *a!a$ *)*e )n)+) an +e'a(a) +&a$& !en(ala%an yan(

immediate yan( %en/a*) +e'&a, e &a$an %elal&) e'&$&,an a an

e")n(anan relief 5 e$enan(an ease 5 an* transcedence 5 yan( *a!a$

$e"!en&,) *ala% e%!a$ .n$e6 !en(ala%an yan( %el)!&$) a+!e )+)

!+) .+!)")$&al +.+)al *an l)n( &n(anBe'e"a!a $)!e Comfort *)*e )n)+) an +e'a(a) 'e") &$:15 Relief +&a$& ea*aan *)%ana +e."an( !ene")%a recipient 5 %e%)l) )

!e%en&,an e'&$&,an yan( +!e+) )!" #ase, s$at$ keadaan yang tenang dan kesenangan%" &ransedence, +&a$& ea*aan *)%ana +e."an( )n*) )*& %en3a!a) *)a$a+

%a+ala,nya

K.l3a'a 200>5 e%&*)an %en*e") a+) .n$e + *)a$a+ %en/a*) 'e'e"a!a

,al 'e") &$ :15 )+) 'e" enaan *en(an +en+a+) $&'&,25 P+) .+!)")$&al 'e" enaan *en(an e+a*a"an )n$e"nal *)") yan( %el)!&$)

,a"(a *)") .n+e! *)") +e6&al)$a+ %a na e,)*&!an ,)n((a ,&'&n(an

$e",a*a! e'&$&,an le'), $)n(()>5 L)n( &n(an 'e" enaan *en(an l)n( &n(an .n*)+) !en(a"&, *a")

l&a"



45 S.+)al 'e" enaan *en(an ,&'&n(an )n$e"!e"+.nal el&a"(a *an

,&'&n(an +.+)alc. Comfort Meas$res

T)n*a an enya%anan *)a"$) an +e'a(a) +&a$& )n$e" en+) e!e"a#a$an

yan( *)*e+a)n &n$& %e%en&,) e'&$&,an enya%anan yan( +!e+) )

*)'&$&, an .le, !ene")%a /a+a +e!e"$) )+).l.()+ +.+)al )nan3)al

!+) .l.()+ +!)")$&al l)n( &n(an *an )n$e" en+) )+)d. #nhanced Comfort

Se'&a, .&$3.%e yan( lan(+&n( *),a"a! an !a*a !elayanan e!e"a#a$an

%en(a3& !a*a $e.") 3.% ."$ )n)

e. 'nter(ening (ariablesD)*e )n)+) an +e'a(a) e &a$an yan( 'e")n$e"a +) +e,)n((a %e%!en(a"&,)

!e"+e!+) "e+)!)en *a") 3.% ."$ +e3a"a e+el&"&,an a")a'le )n) %el)!&$)

!en(ala%an %a+a lal& &+)a +) a! +$a$&+ e%.+).nal +&!!."$ +y+$e%

!".(n.+)+ )nan3)al *an e+el&"&,an ele%en *ala% !en(ala%an +)

"e+)!)en f. Health )eeking Beha(ior *H)Bs"

Me"&!a an +e'&a, a$e(.") yan( l&a+ *a") .&$3.%e 'e") &$nya yan(

'e",&'&n(an *en(an !en3a")an e+e,a$an yan( *)*e )n)+) an .le, "e+)!)en

+aa$ .n+&l$a+) *en(an !e"a#a$ HSB+ )n) *a!a$ 'e"a+al *a") e +$e"nal

a $) )$a+ yan( $e" a)$ *en(an e+e,a$an5 )n$e"nal !enye%'&,an &n(+)

)%&n *ll 5 g. 'nstit$sional integrity

D)*e )n)+) an +e'a(a) n)la) n)la) +$a')l)$a+ )nan3)al *an e+el&"&,an *a")

."(an)+a+) !elayanan e+e,a$an !a*a a"ea l.3al "e().nal *an na+).nal

Pa*a +)+$e% "&%a, +a )$ *e )n)+) )n+$)$&+) *)a"$) an +e'a(a) !elayanan

e+e,a$an &%&% a(en+) ,.%e 3a"e *ll



HealthCareNeed

Nursing interventions over timeIntervening

variables+

HealthSeekingbehavior

Institutionalintegrity

Bestpractices

PeacefulDeath

E ternalbehaviors

+Enhanced comfort

!ver time

Internalbehaviors

Bestpolicies

Te.") enya%anan yan( *) e%'an( an *ala% a"$) el .le, K.l3a'a

%&*a, *)%en(e"$) *an *)!a,a%) +ela)n )$& $e.") )n) e%'al) e!a*a

e!e"a#a$an *a+a" *an %)+)<$&/&an e!e"a#a$an $"a*)+).nal ya)$& enya%anan

Te.") )n) %el)'a$ an +e%&a a+!e ,.l)+$) 5 yan( %el)!&$) )+)

!+) .+!)")$&al l)n( &n(an *an +.+)al &l$&"al Na%&n &n$& %en)la) +e%&a

a+!e $e"+e'&$ *)'&$&, an .%)$%en $)n(() *an e%a%!&an !e"a#a$ yan(

$"a%!)l *ala% ,al %ela & an a+&,an e!e"a#a$an 'e" . &+ enya%anan

!en( a/)an ,)n((a e al&a+)5 yan( *) *ala%nya *)'&$&, an $e n) problem

sol(ing yan( $e!a$

> Pa%ela G Ree* Te.") Sel T"an+en*en+)5

a. +$lnerability



Ke+a*a"an +e+e."an( a an a*anya e%a$)an K.n+e! ($lnerable

%en)n( a$ an e+a*a"an a an +)$&a+) %en*e a$) e%a$)an $e"%a+& *)

*ala%nya a*ala, ea*aan (a#a$ +e!e"$) *)+a')l)$a+ !enya )$ ".n)

ela,)"an *an !en(a+&,an

' )elf-&ranscendence

T"an+en*en+) *)") 'e"a"$) +&a$& (e"a %ela%!a&) a!a yan( $ela, *)3a!a)

+&a$& (e"a *a") yan( &"an( 'a) %en/a*) 'a) *an *a") yan( 'a)

%en/a*) le'), 'a)

Men&"&$ Pa%ela G Ree* )elf &ranscendence *)*e )n)+ an +e'a(a)

!en(e%'an(an .n+e! *)") *)'a$a+) +e3a"a %&l)$)*)%en+) ya)$& :

- 'n ardly 'a$)n)a,5 : %ela & an "e le +) )n$".+!e +) *)") $e",a*a!

!en(ala%an- !en(ala%an yan( $ela, *)ala%)- O$t ardly la,)")a,5 *)a"$) an !en$)n(nya 'e")n$e"a +) *en(an

l)n( &n(annya- &emporally *&n)a#)5 : %en((&na an !en(ala%an %a+a lal& +e'a(a)

!ela/a"an &n$& %en3a!a) $&/&an %a+a *e!an

3 ell-Being

D)*e )n)+ an +e'a(a) !e"a+aan +e,a$ +e3a"a %enyel&"&, 'a) )+)

!+) .l.()+ +.+)al '&*aya *an +!)")$&al yan( %en&n/& an +&a$&

e+e/a,$e"aan *an ea*an yan( 'a)

* Moderating-Mediating actors

a $."- a $." yan( %e%!en(a"&,) !".+e+ $"an+en*en+) *)") yan(

'e" .n$")'&+) $e",a*a! .n*)+) yan( 'a) %)+alnya : &+)a /en)+ ela%)n



e%a%a!&an .(n)$) !en(ala%an ,)*&! !e"+e!+) +!)")$&al l)n( &n(an

+.+)al *an ")#aya$ %a+a lal&

e. /oint of 'nter(ention

Be"*a+a" an $e.") $"an+en*en+) *)") $e"*a!a$ *&a !.)n )n$e" en+)

- T)n*a an e!e"a#a$an +e3a"a lan(+&n( 'e" . &+ !a*a +&%'e"-+&%'e"

yan( 'e"a+al *a") *ala% *)") +e+e."an( $e",a*a! $"an+en*en+) *)")- T)n*a an yan( 'e" . &+ !a*a 'e'e"a!a a $." !e"+.nal *an

.n$e +$&al yan( %e%!en(a"&,) ,&'&n(an an$a"a $"an+en*en+) *)")

*an &lne"a'el ,&'&n(an an$a" $"an+en*en+) *)") *an ea*aan 'a) <+e,a$

Asu$si Ma)#r

a. Health

Se,a$ *)*e )n)+) an +e3a"a %&$la +e'a(a) !".+e+ e,)*&!an *a") *&a ,al

ya)$& !en(ala%an ne(a$) *an !.+)$) *)%ana )n*) )*& %en3)!$a an

l)n( &n(an *an n)la)-n)la) &n) yan( %en*& &n( e+e/a,$e"aan #ell-

'e)n(5

b. $rsing

Pe"an e!e"a#a$an a*ala, &n$& %en*a%!)n() ."an(-."an( !e"+.n+5

%elal&) !".+e+ )n$e"!e"+.nal *an %ana/e%en $e"a!e&$) !a*a

l)n( &n(annya *en(an %e%'&$&, an e$e"a%!)lan &n$& %en*& &n(

e+e,a$an ,eal$,5 *an e+e/a,$e"aan #ell-'e)n(5



c. /erson

Pe"+.n *)!a,a%) +e'a(a) !e" e%'an(an %a+a e,)*&!annya *ala%

'e")n$e"a +) *en(an ."an( la)n *an !e"&'a,an l)n( &n(an yan( .%!le +

yan( *a!a$ 'e" .n$")'&+) +e3a"a !.+)$) *an ne(a$) e $e",a*a! e+e,a$an

*an ea*aan 'a)

d. #n(ironment

Kel&a"(a /a")n(an +.+)al l)n( &n(an )+) *an .%&n)$a+ a*ala,

l)n( &n(an yan( +e3a"a +)(n) ) an 'e" .n$")'&+) !a*a !".+e+ e+e,a$an

*)%ana !e"a#a$ %e%!en(a"&,)nya *en(an %en(a$&" )n$e"a +) yan(

$e"a!e&$) an$a"a )n*) )*& *an a $) )$a+ e!e"a#a$an

Pern)ataan Te#ritis

M.*el $e.") +el $"an+3en*en3e %en(&+&l an $)(a %a3a% ,&'&n(an :

a /eningkatan($lnerability *),&'&n( an *en(an !en)n( a$an self

transcendence.

' )elf transcendence 'e",&'&n(an +e3a"a !.+)$) *en(an e+e/a,$e"aan

ell-being 5

c. a $."- a $." !e"+.nal *an e +$e"nal ')+a %e%!en(a"&,) ,&'&n(an an$a"a

($lnerability *en(an self transcendence *an an$a"a self transcendence *an

ell-being.

&lne"a')l)$y Sel -$"an+3en*en3e Well-Be)n(



-

-

a3$."- a $." !e"+.nal *anK.n$e6$&al

yan( 'e",&'&n(an *en(an +e3a"a

%e*)a a$a& ,&'&n(an %.*e"a$e

P.)n$ )n$e" en+) -

&n$& %en)n( a$ an +el T"an+3e*en3e

S e%a 2 : Te.") M.*el Sel -T"an3en*en3e

Te"*a!a$ > *al)l yan( 'e" e%'an( %en((&na an $)(a .n+e! *a+a" $e"+e'&$

an$a"a la)n :

a Dal)l Pe"$a%a +el $"an+3en*en3e %e"&!a an e,e'a$an +e+e."an( +aa$

%en(,a*a!) a ,)" *a") e,)*&!an *)'an*)n( )a $)*a %en(ala%)nya a$a&

*en(an !en(ala%an-!en(ala%an la)n yan( %en)n( a$ an e+a*a"an a an

e%a$)an

' Dal)l yan( e*&a ya)$& 'a$a+an-'a$a+an .n+e!$&al yan( *),&'&n( an

*en(an e+e/a,$e"aan #ell-'e)n(5 yan( +e3a"a l& $&a+) a an

%e%!en(a"&,) +e3a"a !.+)$) a$a& ne(a$) #ell 'e)n( +e!an/an( %a+a

e,)*&!an

?.n$., : Pen)n( a$an !ena%!)lan *an !e")la & +el $"an+3en*en3e

*),a"a! an 'e" a)$an +e3a"a !.+)$) *en(an e+e,a$an %en$al



+e'a(a) )n*)3a$." #ell-'e)n( +e+e."an( +e*an( !en(a"&,

ne(a$) e +e!e"$) e$)*a %a%a!&an &n$& %en3a!a) a$a&

%ene")%a ."an( la)n 'e"$e%an5 a an %en(a"a, !a*a *e!"e+)

+e'a(a) )n*)3a$." e+e,a$an %en$al

3 Dal)l yan( e$)(a a*ala, !".+e+ !e"+.n *en(an l)n( &n(an yan(

'e" &n(+) +e'a(a) ."ela+) %.*e"a$." a$a& %e*)a$." yan(

%en(,&'&n( an an$a"a &lne"a'le $"an+en*en+) *)") *an ea*aan

+e/a,$e"a #ell 'e)n(5

4 ?a".lyn L W)ene"

a KONSEP MAYOR DAN DE INISI TRAJE?TORY ILLNESS WIENER

DAN DODD5

H)*&! *)+)$&a+) an *ala% .n$e + ').("a ) .n+e!+) *)") 'e"a a" !a*a

.n*)+) )+) *an *) ."%&la+) an 'e"*a+a" an e%a%!&an %ene")%a &n$&

%e%'en$& e')a+aan a$a& a $) )$a+ yan( *),a"a! an *ala% %en3a!a) $&/&an

*a") a$&"an yan( 'e"'e*a In$e"a +) *en(an ."an( la)n a*ala, !en(a"&, &$a%a

%a/." )n l&en3e5 &n$& %e%'en$& +&a$& .n+e! *)") Se'a(a) "a(a% !e"an

!e")la & +e+e."an( %e%.n.$." "ea +) ."an( la)n *an %e"a+a an *)")nya

%e"&!a an 'a()an yan( $e")n$e("a+) *a") !".+e+ yan( *)'en$& <*),a+)l an



I*en$)$y<I*en$)$a+ $e%!."al)$y<,al e*&n)a#)an *an T&'&, a*ala,

ele%en &n3) *ala% .n$e + ').("a ) +e'a(a) 'e") &$:

•

'dentity : Pe%'en$& an *)") +en*)") yan( %e%'e") an #a $& &$n&

%enya$& an %&l$$)!el a+!e *a") *)") *an +)$&a+) *)*ala% $&'&, )$a

• &emporality : B).("a ) #a $& yan( *)"e le +) an *)*ala% al)"an

e,)*&!an $e",a*a! !e%'ela/a"an e/a*)an !e"+e!+) %a+a lal& +aa$ )n)

*an %a+a *e!an &n$& %e%'en$& *)")

• Body : A $) )$a+ e,)*&!an *an !e%'en$& an !e"+e!+) 'e"*a+a" an !a*a

$&'&,

Pen(ala%an $en$an( +a )$ +elal& *)$e%!a$ an ala% .n$e + ').("a )

.le, a"ena )$& .n*)+) +a )$ a*ala, !en(ala%an yan( %a+),

'e"lan/&$ D.%a)n *a") .n*)+) +a )$ a*ala, 'e",&'&n(an *en(an

e$)*a !a+$)an 'e" a")a+) *ala% *.%)na+) *) l)n$a+an !enya )$ $a'le >0 15

%elal&) al)"an *)na%)+ *a") !e"+e!+) $en$an( *)") *an )n$e"a +) *en(an ."an(

la)n A $) )$a+ *a") ,)*&! *an e,)*&!an +e+e."an( *ala% .n*)+) +a )$

%e"&!a an 'en$& e"/a L)n( &n(an *a") e"/a $e"%a+& )n*) )*& *an yan(

la)nnya *en(an +e%&a )n$e"a +) $e"%a+& el&a"(a *an !elayanan e+e,a$an

Se%&a .%!.nen yan( 'e"!e"an $e"+e'&$ *)+e'&$ total organisasi Se."an(

yan( +a )$ !a+)en5 %e"&!a an !e e"/a &$a%a na%&n +e%&a !e e"/aan yan(

*)a%')l *)*ala%nya *)!en(a"&,) .le, total organisasi.



T)!e !e e"/aan yan( *)."(an)+a+) an %el)!&$) 4 l)ne *a") l)n$a+an e"/a

yan( *)'en$& .le, !a+)en *an el&a"(anya:

15 Illne++ "ela$e* #." : *)a(n.+$)3 %ana/e%en (e/ala "e()%en !e"a#a$an

*an !en3e(a,an ")+)+

25 E e"y*ay l) e #." :A $) )$a+ +e,a") e()a$an "&%a, $an((a

%e%!e"$a,an an +&a$& e%a%!&an e"/a ,&'&n(an yan(

'e" e+)na%'&n(an *an "e "ea+)

>5 B).("a ) al #." :Pe"$& a"an )n ."%a+) e +!"e+) *a") e%.+) *) )+)

$&(a+ $e"%a+& )n$e"a +) *en(an $.$al ."(an)+a+)

45 Un3e"$a)n$y a'a$e%en$ #." : a $) )$a+ 'e"la & &n$& %en(&"an()

*a%!a e$)*a !a+$)an $e%!."al)$y '.*y *an )*en$)$y

Ke+e)%'an(an *ala% $)!e e"/a a*ala, "e+!.n+) e *an

*)na%)+ l& $&a$) +e)")n( #a $& +)$&a+) !e"+e!+) *an 'e'e"a!a a")a+) player

*ala% $.$al ."(an)+a+) *ala% "an( a %en(a$a+) %a+ala, e$)*a +e)%'an(an

Se%&a )$& +al)n( %e%!en(a"&,) $)!e e"/a %e%'en$& $e anan yan( *)$an*a)

*en(an 'a()an yan( !al)n( *.%)nan *a") $)!e e"/a D)+el&"&,

l)n$a+an In(a$la, %e+ )!&n .n$e + ').("a ) 'e"+&%'e" *a") $&'&, !e"&'a,an

$&'&, %elal&) !e"/alanan !enya )$ *an !enan(anannya a!a+)$a+ &n$&

%e%'en$& e!a+$)an $)!e e"/a %en(,a"&+ an +a$& )*en$)$a+ $ela, $e"'en$&

I$&la, yan( %e%'&a$ +$"a$e() %e%!en(a"&,) !e%'en$& an *)") $e"%a+&

*)!an$a& "e+!.n la)n $e",a*a! +$"a$e() e$) a %e"e a %en3.'a &n$&

%en(a$&" e,)*&!an +e+e."an( yan( %en*e")$a !enya )$



Illne+ T"a/e3$."y : K.n*)+) e$)*a !a+$)an

DOMAIN SUMBER KETIDAKPASTIAN DIMENSI

KETIDAKPASTIANUn3e"$a)n $e%!.$aly -H)*&! a*ala, !ene")%aan &n$&

.n*)+) yan( .n+$an a$ l&6

'e",&'&n(an *en(an +a )$ *an

!en(.'a$annya

-D)") !a*a +aa$ la%!a& *)!an*an(

'e"'e*a /alan &n$&

%en3a!a)nya5

-Ha"a!an +aa$ )n) *)!en(a"&,) .le,e+a )$an *an !en(.'a$annya

-An$)+)!a+) *)%a+a *e!an

%en)n( a$

-Ke,)lan(an *a") $e%!."al)$y• D&"a+):'e"a!a la%a

• Pa3e :+e'e"a!a 3e!a$

• "e &en+): 'e"a!a

+e")n( !en(ala%an

#a $& yan(

$e"*)+$."+) 'e"'a")n(

$e"!a +a *)'a$a+)5

Un3e"$a)n B.*y :

Pe"&'a,an Be",&'&n(an

*en(an !enya )$nya *an

!enan(anan 'e" . &+ !a*a

+a$& e%a%!&an &n$& %e%'en$& a $) )$a+

')a+a %el)'a$ an

!ena%!)lan &n(+)

)+).l.()+ *an "e+!.n

$e",a*a! !en(.'a$an

-G&n3an(an /)#a e(a(alan

$&'&,5

-K.n+e!+) *a") !e%'en$& an

$&'&, 3a"a !en((&naannya5

*a$an( *en(an !e"&'a,an +$a$&+$&'&, +aa$ )n) *an ,a"a!an 'e"&'a,

'a(a)%ana %ela & an *) %a+a

*e!an

• A%')(& *ala%

%e%'a3a $an*a $&'&,

• Pe",a$)an $e",a*a!

+e el)l)n(:

-A!a yan( a an $e"/a*)

$e",a*a! $&'&,

-Me%'a,aya an "e+)+$en+)

$&'&,

-Ke'e",a+)lan *an "e+) .

!en(.'a$an

-Penya )$ yan( 'e"&lan(Un3e"$a)n I*en$)$y :

In$e"!"e$a+) *a") *)")

$e"*)+$."+) +e'a(a) $&'&,

yan( (a(al &n$&

-Ke(a(alan $&'&, *an e+&l)$an

%e%'a3a !en(a$&"an $&'&,

%e%'en$& .n+e!+) *)")

-S e#e* $e%!."al)$y %e"&'a,

-Ke,)*&!an yan( *),a"a! an

$ela, ,an3&"

-B& $) yan( *)!e".le, *ala%

%e%'a3a $&'&, $)*a %a%!&



%ela & an e()a$an

+e!e"$) ')a+a *an ,a"a!an

yan( 'e",&'&n(an *en(an

e/a*)an

$e%!."al)$y5yan( 'e"&'a,

a"ena +a )$ *an

!en(.'a$an

e,)*&!an yan( *),a"a! an *)$a +)" an *ala% e"an( a

!e%a,a%an ')a+a

-Ha"a!an a*ala, +&a$& yan(

'e" e+)na%'&n(an %e+ )!&n

$e"/a*) !e"&'a,an ea*aan

Un3e"$a)n$y A'a$e%en W." <Ke$)*a !a+$)an !en&"&nan e"/a

T)!e a $) )$a+ Pe")la & yan( %&n3&l-Pa3)n( -Be"'a")n( a$a& !e"&'a,an a $) )$a+ "&$)nMen/a*) !a+)en !". e++).nal -Men((&na an )+$)la,-)+$)la, 'e",&'&n(an

*en(an +a )$ *an !en(.'a$an

-Mela & an !e"a#a$an *)") lan(+&n(

-Men(e%'an( an e%a%!&an *en(an

+&!e"%e*) al)+a+)-Men3a") *an %e%!e" &a$ !e"'an*)n(an -Me%'an*)n( an *)") *en(an ."an( la)n yan(

.n*)+)nya le'), '&"& &n$& %eya )n an *)")

'a,a $)*a a an %en/a*) le'), '&"&Te"l)'a$ *ala% $)n/a&an<"e )e# -Mel),a$ e'ela an( &n$&

%en()n$e"!"e$a+) an (e/ala a$a& .n*)+)

e%e"(en3y *an )n$e"a +) *en(an yan( la)n

*ala% ."(an)+a+)Mene$a! an $&/&an -Mel),a$ /a&, e*e!an &n$& %e%'an( )$ an

(a)"a, ,)*&!Men&$&!)<3. e")n( &! -Men&$&!) .n*)+) +a )$ a$a& e%.+)



-B&3 )n( &! &n$& %en3e(a, +$)(%a a$a&

%el)n*&n() yan( la)nMen3a") $e%!a$ yan( a%an &n$& %ele!a+ an -Men(e%& a an $e%!a$ *)%ana a$a& +)a!a

."an(nya e%.+) yan( +e+&n((&,nya *an !e"a+aan ,a"&+ ')+a *)e +!"e+) an *en(an

+&a+ana yan( %en*& &n(Me%)l), /a")n(an !en*& &n( -Sele $) *ala% %e%)l), +e."an( yan( %a%!&

%en*& &n( +e3a"a !.+)$) Men(a%')l $an((&n( /a#a' -%ene(a+ an ,a &n$& %en/alan an

!en(.'a$an

Asersi Te#ri/Pern)ataan Te#ri

. &+ *ala% .n$e + +.+)al &n$& 'e e"/a *an ,&'&n(an +.+)al

%e%!en(a"&,) e,)*&!an +e+e."an( *ala% $e.") Illne++ T"a/e3$.") 'e"*a+a" an

+e%)nal e"/a *a") ?."')n *an S$"a&++ 19 5 Se'a(a) !e e"/ +en$"al a +)

*)a%')l .le, +e+e."an( yan( %en(a$&" *a%!a *a") +e."an( yan(

+a )$ $e"%a+& B).("a ) ?.n3e!$ . +el 5 *an +.+).l.() )n$e"a +) *en(an

."an( la)n5 Da") !e"+!e $) )n) %en(a$&" (an((&an yan( %&n3&l K.!)n(

e$)*a !a+$)an5 %e%!en(a"&,) 'e'e"a!a !e%a)n yan( 'e"!e"an *ala%

."(an)+a+) +e'a) .n*)+) +.+)al A*anya .%!le +)$a+ $e"%a+& )n$e"a +)

%&l$) .n$e + *an *en(an !en(ala%an !e%a)n yan( 'e"!e"an *ala% $"a/e3$."y

Illne+ .!)n( %e"&!a an !".+e+ yan( +an(a$ 'e" a")a+) *an *)na%)+

Se3a"a ala%) ,al )n) *)an$)+)!a+) 'a,#a l)n$a+an e,)*&!an !a*a

+e+e."an( *en(an an e" %e%)l) ) a+e yan( ')+a *)l),a$ a$a& $)n( a$an yan(

%&n( )n *))*en$) ) a+) .le, !e"(e+e"an &$a%a el&,an yan(



*)la!." an $an$an(an *an a $) )$a+ Hal )n) +e3a"a "a+).nal *)l),a$ *a") *a$a

&al)$a$) $)(a !.)n$ +ela%a !en(.'a$an e%.$e"a!)

K.n+e! !en&l)+ e$)*a !a+$)an *en(an e,)lan(an 3.n$".l

%en/ela+ an +e'a(a) %a+ala, &$a%a *ala% .n*)+) +a )$ an e" W)ene" *an

D.** 199> ,al 1 5 A+e"+) $e.")nya a*ala, %e"e le +) an le'), /a&, *ala%

%en()*en$) ) a+) 3."e +.+)al-!+) .l.() !".+e+ e,)*&!an *a") !en*e")$a an e"

%en$.le"an+) e$)*a !a+$)an yan( 'e" a)$an *en(an !enya )$ a $." yan(

%e%!en(a"&,) *e"a/a$ e +!"e+) e$)*a !a+$)an .le, !a+)en *an el&a"(a

'e"*a+a" an $e.") e"an( a e"/a *a") $.$al ."(an)+a+) *an .n*)+) e +$e"nal

+.+)al $e"%a+& *& &n(an ala%) el&a"(a +&%'e" e&an(an *an &al)$a+

'an$&an *a") !e$&(a+ e+e,a$an

L#!i*a& '#r$

Ben$& l.()+ &$a%a yan( %en(,a+)l an $e.") *a+a" a*ala, )n*& $)

Me%'a3a anl)+)+ *a") )n$e" )e# &n$& %en()*en$) ) a+) !".+e+ &$a%a yan(

%enya$& an !e"nya$aan $e.") : $.le"an+) e$)*a a+$)an S)+$e%a$) .*)n(

!".+e+ yan( *)(&na an &n$& %ela & an e+e!a a$an *en(an !enya )$ *an

.n+e &en+)nya *an e%&*)an %e%'e") #a#a+an a"ena *)&/) *ala%

!en(e%'an(an $e.") *an *)$&l)+ &n$& !en(e%'an(an !e%a,a%an *a")

T"a/e3$."y Illne+ &n$& %en(e%'an( an )l%& !en(e$a,&an

Peneri$aan Dari K#$unitas Keperawatan

Pen$)n(nya $e.") Illne+ T"a/e3$."y &n$& e!e"a#a$an !"a $)+

*) e%'an( an *ala% e"an( a e"/a &n$& %e%a,a%) 'a(a)%ana !a+)en



an e" %a%!& 'e"$.le"an+) $e",a*a! .n*)+) e$)*a !a+$)an yan(

%e%&n3&l an +e&a$& e,)lan(an 3.n$".l I*en$) ) a+) $)!e e$)*a !a+$)an

,&+&+nya *a!a$ *)(&na an &n$& +$"a$e() !a+)en .n .l.() &n$& %e%ana(e

,)*&!nya +e3a"a n."%al *an +e')+a %&n( )n 'an( )$ *a") e$)*a !a+$)an

a )'a$ *)a(n.+e an e" Ke+a*a"an a$a+ .n*)+) )n) 'e",&'&n(an *en(an

%ana(e%en +$"a$e() &n$& !a+)en *an el&a"(a yan( +e*an( %en*a!a$

!en(.'a$an e%.$e"a!)

= ?,e"yl Ta$an. Be3 DNS3 ?NM AAN

Te.") De!"e+) P.+$!a"$&%< /ostpart$m 0epression &heory

?,e"yl a*ala, +e."an( !". e+." *) Un) e"+)$y . ?.nne3$)3&$ Bel)a&

$ela, %ene")%a 'e"'a(a) !en(,a"(aan +e!e"$) Ea+$e"n N&"+)n( Re+ea"3,

S.3)e$y + D)+$)n(&)+,e* Re+ea"3,e" A#a"* $,e D)+$)n(&)+,e* Al&%na A#a"*

".% Yale Un) e"+)$y an* $,e ?.nne3$)3&$ N&"+e+ A++.3)a$).n + D)a%.n* J&')lee

A#a"* &n$& .n$")'&+)nya !a*a !enel)$)an e!e"a#a$an

Sela%a 20 $a,&n $e"a ,)" ?,e"yl $ela, %e% . &+ an !enel)$)annya !a*a

&!aya !en(e%'an(an !".("a% !enel)$)an !a*a %..* !.+$!a"$&% *an (an((&an

e3e%a+an Bel)a& $ela, %enel)$) +e3a"a e +$en+) %en((&na an %e$.*e

!enel)$)an &al)$a$) *an &an$)$a$) Be"*a+a" an $e%&an *a") 'e'e"a!a !enel)$)an

&al)$a$) nya ?,e"yl $ela, %en(e%'an( an S ala S ")n)n( De!"e+) P.+$!a"$&%<



P.+$!a"$&% De!"e++).n S3"een)n( S3ale PDSS5 yan( *)$e"')$ an .le, We+$e"n

P+y3,.l.()3al Se" )3e+

Bel)a& /&(a +ala, +e."an( !en&l)+ !".*& $) yan( $ela, %ene"')$ an

le'), *a") 100 a"$) el /&"nal $en$an( 'e'e"a!a $.!) +e!e"$) *e!"e+) !.+$!a"$&%

$"a&%a la,)" PTSD< !.+$$"a&%a$)3 +$"e++ *)+."*e" a"ena %ela,)" an

en.%en.l.() (".&n*e* $,e."y %e$a-anal)+)+ !en(e%'an(an )n+$"&%en %e$a-

+)n$e+)+ *an anal)+)+ na"a$) Saa$ )n) &!aya !enel)$)an ?,e"yl *) . &+ an !a*a 15

*a%!a $"a&%a la,)" !a*a %eny&+&) 25 e e DHA !a*a *e!"e+) !.+$!a"$&% *an>5 !en)la)an !+) .%e$") *a") P.+$!a"$&% De!"e++).n S3"een)n( S3ale %elal&)

a*%)n)+$"a+) $ele!.n

De!"e+) P.+$!a"$&% a*ala, (an((&an %..* yan( +e3a"a ,)+$.")+ +e")n(

*)a'a) an *ala% !e"a#a$an e+e,a$an %e%')a" an )'& %en*e")$a *ala%

e$a &$an e')n(&n(an *an e,en)n(an J) a ,al )n) $)*a $e"*)a(n.+a *a!a$

%e%!en(a"&,) ,&'&n(an )'&-'ay) *an %enye'a' an %a+ala, e%.+).nal /an( a

!an/an( 'a() ana Te.") )n) %e%'e*a an *e!"e+) !.+$!a"$&% *a") (an((&an

%..* *an e3e%a+an !.+$!a"$&% la)nnya *an a+!e -a+!e *e!"e+) !.+$!a"$&%:

(e/ala !"e alen+) a $." ")+) . )n$e" en+) *an e e !a*a ,&'&n(an *an

!e" e%'an(an ana J&(a *)'a,a+ $en$an( In+$"&%en yan( $e"+e*)a yan(

*)(&na an &n$& + ")n)n( *e!"e+) !.+$!a"$&% ?,e"yl %ene(a+ an 'a,#a *e!"e+)



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200=5



Melal&) #a#an3a"a )n) S#an+.n %a%!& %e%a,a%) "&an( l)n( &! caring

+e3a"a e+el&"&,an *an !a*a +aa$ yan( +a%a %en(&"a) an *)%en+) +!e+) ) *a")

a!a yan( *)!e"l& an +e."an( !e"a#a$ &n$& %e"a#a$ !a+)en Sala, +a$& ,al

!al)n( !en$)n( yan( %e%'e") an .n$")'&+) !a*a $e.") e!e"a#a$an *ala% ,al

)n) ya)$& a"(&%en 'a,#a !a+)en +e,a"&+nya $)*a ,anya *)l),a$ +e'a(a) )n*) )*&

yan( $e"!)+a, %ela)n an +e'a(a) %an&+)a +e&$&,nya yan( +aa$ )a %en&l)+

'e"a*a *) $en(a,-$en(a, *an yan( %en/a*) e&$&,an *)'&a$ nya$a *ala% !) )"an

!e"a+aan *an !e")la & S#an+.n 199>5 Hal yan( %ena") $en$an( !en(e"$)an

!a+)en )n) a*ala, 'a,#a S#an+.n +elal& %ene%!a$ an !e"an !e"a#a$ *ala%

!".+e+ becoming $e"+e'&$ Ja*) *ala% a+!e e+e,a$an becoming $e"+e'&$

!e"a#a$ $)*a ,anya %en/a*) *)+!en+e" !en(.'a$an %e*)+ $e$a!) /&(a %e"&!a an

%)$"a *ala% %e%'an$& !a+)en le'), *e a$ *en(an $&/&annya * ell-being"

Tin!"at %an Ruan! Lin!"up Te#ri

T)n( a$ *an "&an( l)n( &! $e.") %e%e"l& an +e(ala +e+&a$& 'a)

,&'&n(an an$a"a !a+)en *an !e"a#a$ %a&!&n e+el&"&,an ,&'&n(an an$a"a

!". e+) e!e"a#a$an *an %a+ya"a a$ Hal )n) a"ena .n+e! S#an+.n $en$an(

7!e"+.n8 $e"(an$&n( !a*a $)n( a$ anal)+)+ *an *)+!.+)+) yan( +e*an(

*)la & an !e"a#a$ *ala% %e"a#a$ !a+)en Dala% 'e'e"a!a a+&+ !e"+.n

*a!a$ *)a"$) an ,anya +a$& ."an( +a/a ya)$& !a+)en +e%en$a"a *ala% a+&+



la)n ')+a *)a"$) an /&(a an((.$a el&a"(a yan( +e3a"a lan(+&n( +an(a$ e"a$

$e"l)'a$ Men&"&$ S#an+.n yan( la)n 'a, an ')+a %en/a*) .n+e! *an )*eal

yan( ,a"&+ *)!e"/&an( an !e"a#a$ $e"%a+& ,a a+a+) %an&+)a a +e+ e

!e"a#a$an e+e,a$an *an ea*)lan +.+)al

K#nsep Ma)#r %an De(inisi

a ?a")n(?a")n( a*ala, 3a"a %en(a+),) ."an( la)n *en(an a*anya .%)$%en *an

$an((&n(/a#a' $e",a*a! ."an( $e"+e'&$ S#an+.n 19915 ' Kn.#)n(

Kn.#)n( *ala% ,al )n) *)%a +&* an %e%a,a%) a"$) +e'&a, !e")+$)#a

yan( $e"/a*) *ala% ,)*&! ."an( la)n %en(,)n*a") a+&%+)-a+&%+) 'e" . &+

!a*a ."an( yan( *)"a#a$ < !a+)en %en( a/) +e"$a %el)'a$ an ."an( yan(

%e%'e") a+&,an *an ."an( yan( *)'e") a+&,an *ala% !".+e+ 7 n.#)n(8

a$a& !en(enalan S#an+.n 199153 Be)n( #)$,

Dala% ,al )n) *)%a +&* an %en*& &n( ."an( la)n +e3a"a e%.+).nal

$e"%a+& e'e"a*aannya &n$& ."an( la)n *an 'e"'a() e+e*),an *en(an

."an( $e"+e'&$ S#an+.n 19915* D.)n( ."

Yan( *)%a +&* a*ala, %ela & an +e+&a$& *e%) e!en$)n(an ."an( la)n

$e"%a+& %e%en&,) e'&$&,an enya%anan *an %el)n*&n() ."an(

$e"+e'&$ S#an+.n 19915e Ena'l)n(



Ya)$& %e% a+)l)$a+) ."an( la)n &n$& %elal&) %a+a-%a+a $"an+)+) *ala%

,)*&!nya *an %ele#a$) +e$)a! !e")+$)#a ,)*&!nya *en(an 'e" . &+ !a*a

!e")+$)#a $e"+e'&$ %en*& &n(nya %e%'e") !en/ela+an %e% al)*a+) a!a

yan( *)"a+a an %ene%& an al$e"na$) !enyele+a)an *an %e%'e") an

ee*'a3 < &%!an 'al) S#an+.n 19915Ma)n$a)n)n( 'el)e

Ya)$& %en&%'&, an eya )nan +e+e."an( *ala% %elal&) +e$)a! !e")+$)#a

,)*&! *an %a+a-%a+a $"an+)+) *ala% ,)*&!nya +e"$a %en(,a*a!) %a+a

*e!an *en(an !en&, eya )nan %eya )n) e%a%!&an ."an( la)n

%en&%'&, an +) a! .!$)%)+ %e%'an$& %ene%& an a"$) a$a& %en(a%')l

,) %a, *a") +e$)a! !e")+$)#a *an +elal& a*a &n$& ."an( la)n *ala% +)$&a+)

a!a !&n

Asu$si Te#ri

A+&%+) *a+a" *a") $e.") )n) *)$e%& an *ala% (a(a+an caring yan(

*)/ela+ an S#an+.n Men&"&$ S#an+.n caring a*ala, !".+e+ %&l$) a+e$ yan(

$e"&+ a*a *ala% *)na%) a ,&'&n(an !a+)en-!e"a#a$ A*a yan( %el),a$

!".+e+ )n) +e'a(a) ,&'&n(an yan( l)nea" na%&n /&(a ,a"&+ *)an((a! +e'a(a)

,&'&n(an +) l) *an !".+e+ yan( $e"/a*) ,a"&+ +elal& *)!e"'a"&) a"ena !e"an

!e"a#a$ &n$& %e%'an$& l)en %en3a!a) e+e,a$an *an e+e/a,$e"aan

Se3a"a &%&% !".+e+ yan( $e"/a*) +e'a(a) 'e") &$ !e"$a%a !e"a#a$

%e%'an$& l)en %e%!e"$a,an an eya )nannya yan( 'e"a"$) 'a,#a !e"a#a$

%en*.".n( !a+)en *an %e%'an$& &n$& %e%!e" &a$ ,a"a!an %e"e a



%en(a$a+) e+&l)$an +aa$ )n) Hal )n) +an(a$ !en$)n( $e"&$a%a *ala% a+&+ *)

%ana !a+)en %en(,a*a!) !enya )$ yan( %en(an3a% nya#a +e!e"$) an e"

a$a& !e")+$)#a yan( +an(a$ $"a&%a$)+ +e!e"$) e(&(&"an S#an+.n @ W./na"

20045

Se'a(a) !elen( a! *an lan( a, 'e") &$nya *ala% !".+e+ &n$&

%e%!e"$a,an an eya )nan a*ala, n.#)n( Dala% !".+e+ 7 n.#)n(8

!e"a#a$ 'e"&+a,a &n$& %e%a,a%) a!a a"$) +)$&a+) yan( $e"/a*) +aa$ )n) 'a()

!a+)en ,al )n) %&n3&l *ala% 'en$& la$),an +e'a(a) +e."an( !e"a#a$ yan(

%en3)!$a an +e+e."an( *en(an "a+a $e"$en$& 'a(a)%ana .n*)+) )+) *an

!+) .l.()+ *a!a$ %e%!en(a"&,) +e+e."an( +e3a"a e+el&"&,an Den(an

%en(e$a,&) a!a yan( *)ala%) !a+)en !e"a#a$ e%&*)an *a!a$ %elan/&$ an

!".+e+ *. ." a*a &n$& %e%'e") an $)n*a an $e"a!) *an )n$e" en+) 'a()

!a+)en P".+e+ 7*. ."8 *)) &$) *en(an !".+e+ ena'l)n( yan(

%e%&n( )n an !a+)en &n$& %en3a!a) e+e,a$an *an e+e/a,$e"aannya

9 SHIRLY M MOORE

Te.") H)*&! *a%a) *) a ,)"

Su$+er Te#ritis

A ,)" H)*&! Da%a) EOL5 Te.") )n) a*ala, )n ."%a+) .le, +e/&%la,

e"an( a $e.")$)+ Hal )n) *)*a+a" an $e"&$a%a !a*a %.*el la+)

D.na'e*)an+ +$"& $&" !".+e+ *an ,a+)l R&lan* @ M.."e 199 5 yan(

+e'a()an *) e%'an( an *a") $e.") 'e+a" !en(a"&, +y+$e%+ Dala% $e.")



EOL !en(a$&"an +$"& $&" a*ala, +)+$e% el&a"(a !a+)en +a )$ !a"a, *an

+e%&a ."an( la)n yan( +)(n) ) an5 yan( %ene")%a !e"a#a$an *a") !". e+).nal

!a*a &n)$ "&%a, +a )$ !e"a#a$an a &$

P".+e+*)*e )n)+) an +e'a(a)$)n*a an-$)n*a an )n$e" en+) e!e"a#a$an5

yan( *)"an3an(&n$& %e%!".%.+) an!.+)$) ,a+)l*a") 'e") &$:

a Be'a+*a") "a+a +a )$ ' Men*a!a$ an !en(,)'&"an3 Men*a!a$ an%a"$a'a$*an "a+a ,."%a$* Be"a*a *ala% e*a%a)an *ane Men(ala%) e*e a$an e!a*a ."an( la)nyan( +)(n) ) an*an %e"e a

yan(!e*&l)

Pen!!unaan Bu"ti E$piris

Te.")EOL*a%a)*)*a+a" an!a*a '& $)e%!)")+yan( 'e"a+al*a")

e*&a!en(ala%an lan(+&n(*a")!e"a#a$a,l) *an%en( a/) +e3a"a

%enyel&"&,l)$e"a$&"%enan(an)'e'e"a!a

.%!.nen$e.") Pa"a+$an*a"$!e"a#a$an$e"*)") *a")!"a $e $e"'a)

'e"*a+a" an'& $)!enel)$)anyan( *)$&"&n an*) ')*an(nye") enya%anan

()C)%ana/e%en *an$e.")!"e+ ")!$) "ela6a$).n

R&lan* *an M.."e 199 5 %en()*en$) ) a+) ena% !e"nya$aan $e.")$)+ &n$&

$e.") %e"e a +e'a(a) 'e") &$:

a M.n)$.")n( *an %en(el.la "a+a +a )$ *an %ene"a! an )n$e" en+)

a"%a .l.()+ *an n.n!,a"%a3.l.()3 .n$")'&+) *a") !en(ala%an !a+)en

$)*a +a )$



' Men3e(a, !e%an$a&an *an %en(,)lan( an e$)*a nya%anan )+)

%e% a+)l)$a+) )+$)"a,a$ "ela +a+) *an e!&a+an *an %en3e(a, .%!l) a+)

'e" .n$")'&+) *en(an !en(ala%an !a+)en enya%anan3 Te"%a+& yan( la)n !a+)en *an +)(n) ) an *ala% !en(a%')lan e!&$&+an

$en$an( !e"a#a$an !a+)en %e%!e"la & an !a+)en *en(an %a"$a'a$ e%!a$)

*an "a+a ,."%a$ *an %en/a*) !e",a$)an $e",a*a! !a+)en %enya$a an

e'&$&,an e)n()nan *an !"e e"en+) 'e" .n$")'&+) *en(an !en(ala%an

!a+)en %a"$a'a$ *an "a+a ,."%a$* Me%'e") an *& &n(an e%.+).nal !e%an$a&an *an !e"$e%&an !a+)en

%enya$a an e'&$&,an &n$& .'a$ an$)an+)e$a+ e!e"3ayaan )n+!)"a+)

%e%'e") an yan( la)n !a+)en *an +)(n) ) an *en(an ')%')n(an *ala%

%a+ala,-%a+ala, !"a $)+ *an %e%'e") an e,a*)"an )+) ."an( la)n

!e*&l) a!a a, 'e" .n$")'&+) *))n()n an &n$& !en(ala%an !a+)en %e"a+a

*a%a)e a+)l)$a+) *an 'e"!a$)+)!a+) +)(n) ) an *ala% !e"a#a$an !a+)en e%!a$)

e+e*),an ."an( la)n e ,a#a$)"an *an !e"$anyaan *an %e% a+)l)$a+)

!el&an( &n$& e*e a$an el&a"(a e!a*a ."an( la)n yan( +)(n) ) an a$a&

."an( yan( !e*&l)Pen(ala%an !a+)en $)*a +a )$ enya%anan %a"$a'a$ *an "a+a ,."%a$

yan( *a%a) e*e a$an *en(an ."an( la)n yan( +)(n) ) an a$a& ."an(-

."an( yan( !e*&l) 'e" .n$")'&+) +a%!a) a ,)" ,)*&! *a%a)

Pen!e$+an!an Le+i Lan.ut



Te.") EOL *a%a) a*ala, +e'&a, $e.") 'a"& yan( %en((&na an +&%'e"

a+l) *an *en(an *e%) )an R&lan* *an M.."e %en(a &) Se/&%la, lan( a,

*a!a$ *)(&na an &n$& %e%a/& an !e%'an(&nan O"an( ')+a

%e%!e"$)%'an( an !en((a'&n(an 'e'e"a!a ")$e")a !".+e+ *a") $)(a 3.n3e!+

nye") enya%anan *a%a)5 %en3)!$a an +e'&a, .n+e! $&n((al yan( $e" a)$

*en(an %ana/e%en (e/ala )+) !+) .l.()+

K.n+e! a$a& !e%e$aan anal)+)+ *a!a$ *)(&na an &n$& %enen$& an /) a

'e'e"a!a ")$e")a !".+e+ yan( 'e",&'&n(an *en(an $)(a .n+e! nye")

enya%anan *a%a)5 %)+alnya :

a K"e$e")a !".+e+ *an .n+e! nye") %.n)$.")n( *an %en(el.la "a+a +a )$

*an %ene"a! an )n$e" en+) a"%a .l.()+ *an n.n !,"a%l.3.l.()3al5 ' ")$e")a !".+e+ enya%anan %en3e(a, !e%an$a&an *an %en(,)lan( an

e$)*a nya%anan )+) 53 !".+e+ !e"*a%a)an ")$e")a !e%an$a&an *an !a+)en yan( %e%en&,)

e'&$&,an .'a$ an$) an+)e$a+5* In$e" en+) n.n!,a"%a3.l.()3al %)+alnya %&+) ,&%." a$a& "ela +a+)5

yan( 'e" &n(+) &n$& *)+$"a3 !a+)en +e a"a$ yan( 'e"(&na &n$&

%en(,)lan( an nye") e3e%a+an *an e$)*a nya%anan )+) +e3a"a

&%&% Re )+) )n) /&(a a an 'e" &n(+) &n$& %en(,&'&n( an Te.") EOL

Da%a) &n$& 'e"'a(a) $e.") $en(a, Ba) *an M.."e 199;5

10 Ge."(ene Ga+ )ll Ea e+



Pa"a N?R?S T,e N&"+)n( ?.n+&"$)&% ." Re+ea"3, .n ?,".n)3 S."".#5

'e"*a+a" an 'e"'a(a) M)**le Ran(e T,e."y e+e*),an ?".n)3 !a*a *&a

+&%'e" &$a%a Ka"ya Ol+,an+ y !a*a $a,&n 19;2 *) &$)! +e'a(a) *a+a" *a")

.n+e! a+l) e+e*),an ".n)+ Ea e+ B&" e @ Ha)n+#."$, 199 5 LaCa"&+

*an .l +%an+ 19 45 %.*el +$"e+ *an a*a!$a+) %e%'en$& *a+a" 'a()

.n+e!$&al)+a+) $en$an( 'a(a)%ana ."an( %en(a$a+) e+e*),an ".n)+

K.n+e! e+e*),an ".n)+ 'e"a+al a"ya Ol+,an+ y Ta,&n 19;2 L)n*("en

B&" e Ha)n+#."$, @ Ea e+ 19925 Pa"a a,l) $e.") N?R?S %en(&$)!

!en(a%a$an Ol+,an+ y+ ."an( $&a %en(ala%) e+e*),an 'e"&lan( *an

e+e*),an ".n)+ !an/an( K.n+e! a+l)nya *)(a%'a" an +e3a"a l&a+ +e'a(a)

*e+ ")!+) +e*e",ana "ea +) !+) .l.()+ &n$& +)$&a+) $"a()+ L)n*("en e$ al

19925

Sela%a 19 0 !enel)$) la)n %&la) %enel)$) !en(ala%an ."an( $&a *a") ana -

ana 'a) +e3a"a )+) a$a& 3a3a$ %en$al Ka"ya )n) *) al)*a+) e+e*),an yan(

'e"&lan( *an +) a$ $)*a !e"na, 'e"a ,)" *& a yan( *)ala%) .le, ."an( $&a

Se'el&%nya &n$& !e e"/aan )n) *& a *) .n+e!$&al)+a+) an +e'a(a) !".+e+

yan( %enyele+a) an *a") #a $& e #a $& *an /) a 'el&% $e"+ele+a) an

e+e*),an yan( a'n."%al %en&"&$ B.#l'y *an L)n*e%an+ L)n*("en e$ al

19925 Be"'e*a *en(an .n+e!$&al)+a+) $e") a$ #a $& yan( %ele a$ *ala%

.n+e! e+e*),an ".n)+ a*ala, 'a,#a e+e*),an 'e"&lan( %e"&!a an

!en(ala%an n."%al %en&"&$ W) le" Wa+.# *an Ha$ )le* L)n*("en e$ al

19925 B&" e *ala% +$&*)nya ana -ana *en(an +!)na ') )*a e+e*),an



".n)+ *)*e )n)+) an +e'a(a) e+e*),an l&a+ yan( 'e"+) a$ !e"%anen !e").*)

*an !".("e+) *) ala% ,a)n+#."$, Ea e+ B&" e 19945

N?R?S $)*a %e%'a$a+) $e.") %e"e a a*anya e+e*),an ".n)+ $e$a!)

'e"&+a,a &n$& %e%e") +a "e+!.n $e",a*a! *& a Me"e a %e%a+& an

LaCa"&+ *an .l +%an+ 19 4 'e e"/a !a*a +$"e+ *an a*a!$a+) +e'a(a) *a+a"

&n$& %e$.*e %ana/e%en yan( e e $) yan( *)/ela+ an *ala% %.*el %e"e a

Ea e+ e$ al 199 5 Ke+en/an(an *)$e%&) *an "e+!.n &n$& e%'al) e+e*),an

%e"an(+an( %e an)+%e .!)n( )n*) )*& A*a a$e(.") %en(a$a+) (aya a$a&

%ana/e%en S$"a$e() .!)n( )n$e"nal %el)!&$) $)n*a an - 'e".")en$a+) .(n)$)

!en)la)an e%'al) *an !e")la & )n$e"!e"+.nal Den(an *e%) )an 'e"'a(a)

M)**le Ran(e T,e."y e+e*),an ".n)+ *)!e"!an/an( *a+a" $e.")$)+ e+e*),an

".n)+ *ala% +)$&a+) $e"$en$& $e$a!) /&(a $an((a!an 'e"&!aya &n$& en.%ena

$e"+e'&$

K#nsep Ma)#r %an De(inisi Kese%i an Kr#nis

Ke+e*),an ".n)+ a*ala, e+en/an(an yan( +e*an( 'e"lan(+&n( yan(

*),a+)l an *a") e"&()an *)$an*a) *en(an !e" a+) *an !e"%anen Ge/ala

e+e*),an 'e"&lan( +e3a"a !e").*) *an (e/ala )n) 'e"!.$en+) !".("e+)

Keru!ian



Ke"&()an $e"/a*) +e'a(a) a )'a$ *a") e+en/an(an an$a"a +)$&a+) )*eal

*an nya$a a$a& !en(ala%an M)+alnya a*a +e."an( ana yan( +e%!&"na *an

+e."an( ana *en(an .n*)+) ".n)+ yan( 'e"'e*a *a") )*eal )$&

Pe$i*u Ke.a%ian

S)$&a+) !e%)3& e/a*)an ea*aan *an .n*)+) yan( %en.n/.l an

!e"'e*aan a$a& e,)lan(an 'e"&lan( *an %e%&la) a$a& %e%!e"'&"&

!e"a+aan 'e"*& a

Met#%e $ana.e$en

Me$.*e %ana/e%en +a"ana yan( 'e",&'&n(an *en(an )n*) )*&

e+e*),an ".n)+ In) %&n( )n )n$e"nal +$"a$e() .!)n( !")'a*)5 a$a&

e +$e"nal !"a $)+) !e"a#a$an e+e,a$an a$a& ."an( la)n yan( )n$e" en+)5

Mana.e$en )an! ti%a" e(e"ti(

E e $) %ana/e%en ,a+)l *a") +$"a$e() yan( %en)n( a$ an

e$)*a nya%anan )n*) )*& a$a& %en)n( a$ an !e"a+aan e+e*),an ".n)+

Mana.e$en E(e"ti(



E e $) %ana/e%en ,a+)l *a") +$"a$e() yan( %en(a"a, !a*a !en)n( a$an

enya%anan )n*) )*& yan( $e" ena

BAB III



PENUTUP

Be"*a+a" an &"a)an yan( $ela, *)'a,a+ !a*a $)n/a&an $e.") M)**le Ran(e $e.")

a*ala, +&a$& !en(e%'an(an $e.") !a*a $)n( a$ yan( le'), .n( "e$ *a")!a*a G"an*

Te.") a"ena !a*a G"an* $e.") le'), 'e" . &+ !a*a en.%ena !&+a$ *a") *)+)!l)n )l%&

+e!e"$) )n*) )*& +e'a(a) +)+$e% a*a!$) *e )+)$ !e"a#a$an *)") e+a$&an %an&+)a a$a&

%en/a*) %an&+)a G"an* Te.")yan( e"an( anya $e"*)") *a") .n+e!- .n+e!*an

!e"nya$aan"ela+).nal yan(%en/ela+ an en.%enaa'+$"a Se*an( anM)*le Ran(e

T,e."y *)."(an)+a+) *ala% l)n( &! $e"'a$a+ %e%)l) ) +e/&%la, a")'el $e"'a$a+ *a!a$

*)&/) +e3a"a lan(+&n( Te.") M)**le-Ran(e %e%)l) ) ,&'&n(an yan( le'), &a$

*en(an !enel)$)an *an !"a $) H&'&n(an an$a"a !enel)$)an *an !"a $) %en&"&$

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Tugas Ilmu Keperawatan Dasar

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