Souvia Rahimah 2 Maret2011 - Universitas...

PengemasanPengemasan PanganPangan

JurusanJurusan TeknologiTeknologi IndustriIndustri PanganPangan

FTIP FTIP –– UnivesitasUnivesitas PadjadjaranPadjadjaran

Souvia Rahimah

2 Maret 2011

Paper for FoodKira-kira 10 % kertas digunakan untuk bahan pengemas dan 50 %-nya digunakan untuk industri makanan.

Paten pertama untuk kertas sbg pengemas makanan : Charles Hildeyerd on 16th February 1665 for ‘The way and art of making blew paper used by sugar-bakers and others’

Uses can be found in packaging all the main categories of food such as:


such as:

dry food products – cereals, biscuits, bread and baked products, tea, coffee,

sugar, flour, dry food mixes etc.

frozen foods, chilled foods and ice cream

liquid foods and beverages – juice drinks, milk and milk derived products

chocolate and sugar confectionery

fast foods

fresh produce – fruit, vegetables, meat and fish.

Latar Belakang

Bahasa Yunani : Papyrus 3000 SM

Tahun 105 : pembuatan kertas

pertama di Cina (Dinasti Han)

Tahun 1799 : pembuatan mesin

kertas pertama secara modern

Abad 19 : kertas sebagai

pengemas (kertas dan kardus), pengemas (kertas dan kardus),

penemuan karton

beralur/bergelombang

Abad 20 : penggunaan karton

secara masal

Bahan baku :

- kayu lunak (pohon berdaun jarum)

- kayu keras

Proses Pembuatan Pulp

Paper Recycling

Kelebihan Pengemas Kertas

range of surfaces, in terms of colour and finish,

available

range of strength properties, in terms of fibre type,

thickness and method of manufacture, available

choice of functional coating, lamination, decoration,


choice of functional coating, lamination, decoration,

printing etc.

ease of conversion into packages in terms of cutting,

creasing, folding, gluing, locking, heat sealing etc.

innovative machinery for conversion and packing.

Karakteristik Umum Kertas

Dibuat dari selulosa kayu atau merang padi

Diberi perlakuan kimia, dihancurkan, dipucatkan, dibentuk lapisan dan akhirnya dikeringkandikeringkan

Dua jenis kertas yang utama digunakan sekarang yaitu kertas kasar dan halus

Jenis KertasWet strength paper

Microcreping

Greaseproof

Glassine

Vegetable parchment

Tissues

Paper labels


Paper labels

Bag papers

Sack kraft

Impregnated papers

Laminating papers

Solid bleached board (SBB)

Solid unbleached board (SUB)

Folding boxboard (FBB)

White lined chipboard (WLC)

Wet strength paper

Paper sacks used in wet conditions need to retain at least 30% of their dry strength when saturated with water. To achieve wet strength, urea formaldehyde and melamine formaldehyde are added to the stock. These chemicals cross link during drying and are deposited on the surface of the cellulose fibresmakingthem resistant to water absorption.


makingthem resistant to water absorption.

Microcreping

Microcreping, e.g. as achieved by the Clupak process, builds an almost invisible crimp into paper during drying enabling paper to stretch up to 7% in the MD compared to a more normal 2%. When used in paper sacks this feature improves the ability of the paper to withstand dynamic stresses, such as occur when sacksare dropped.

GreaseproofThe hydration (refining) of fibres at the stock preparation stage, already described, is taken much further than normal. It is carried out as a batch process and is known as beating. The fibres are treated (hydrated) so that they become almost gelatinous.


become almost gelatinous.

GlassineThis is a supercalendered (SC) greaseproof paper. The calendering produces a very dense sheet with a high (smooth and glossy) finish. It is non-porous, greaseproof, can be laminated to board and can be silicone coated to facilitateproduct release. Glassine is also available in several colours.

Vegetable parchment

Bleached chemical pulp is made into paper conventionally and then passed through a bath of sulphuric acid. Some of the surface cellulose is gelatinised on passing into water and redeposited between the surface fibres forming an impervious layer. This paper has high grease resistance and wet strength.

Tissues


Tissues

Neutral pH grades with low chloride and sulphate residues are laminated to aluminium foil. The grammages range from 17–30 g/m2. Tea and coffee bag tissue is a special light weight tissue available either as a heat sealable product (containing a proportion of Polypropylene fibres), or as a non-heat sealable product, in grammages from 12–17 g/m2. It incorporates long fibres, such as those derived from manilla hemp which give a strong permeable sheet at the low grammages used.

Paper labels

These may be MG (machine glazed), MF (machine finished) or calendered kraft papers (100% sulphate chemical pulp) in the grammage range 70–90g/m2. The paper may be coated on-machine or cast coated for the highest gloss in an off-machine or secondary process.

Bag papers


Bag papers

For sugar or flour, coated or uncoated bleached kraft in the range 90–100 g/m2 is used. Imitation kraft is a term on which there is no universally agreed definition, it can be either a blend of kraft with recycled fibre or it can be 100% recycled. It is usually dyed brown. It has many uses for wrapping and for bags where it may have an MG and a ribbed finish. Thinner grades may be used for lamination with aluminium foil and PE for use on form/fill/seal machines.

Sack kraft

Usually this is unbleached kraft (100% sulphate chemical) pulp, though there is some use of bleached kraft. The grammage range is 70–100 g/m2.

Impregnated papers

Wax impregnated paper and fluorocarbon treatment for grease/fat resistance is produced on-machine.


Wax impregnated paper and fluorocarbon treatment for grease/fat resistance is produced on-machine.

Laminating papers

These are coated and uncoated papers (40–80 g/m2) based on both kraft (sulphate) and sulphite pulps. These papers can be laminated to aluminium foil and extrusion coated with PE. The heavier weights can be PE laminated to plastic films and wax or glue laminated to unlined chipboard.

Solid bleached board (SBB)

Solid bleached board is made exclusively from bleached chemical pulp. It usually has a mineral pigment coated top surface and some grades are also coated on the back. The term SBS (solid bleached sulphate), derived from the method of pulp production, is sometimes used to describe this product.


product.

Solid unbleached board (SUB)

Solid unbleached board is made exclusively from unbleached chemical pulp The base board is brown in colour. This product is also known as solid unbleached sulphate. To achieve a white surface it can be coated with a white mineral pigment coating, sometimes in combination with a layer of bleached white fibres under the coating.

Jenis-jenis Kertas

Kertas Kraft

Kertas Glasin dan Kertas Tahan Minyak

Kertas Perkamen

Daluang (Containerboard)

Kertas berlapis (laminated)

Kertas tissue

Karton (paperboard)

Kertas KraftSangat kuat

Warna kecoklatan

Harga relatif murah

Diproduksi sebagai lembaran satulapis, berlapis-lapis danbergelombang (corrugated)

Ketebalan kertas 10 – 180 gr/m2Ketebalan kertas 10 – 180 gr/m

Dibuat melalui proses sulfat danpemucatan (bleaching)

Bentuk kemasan sak, kantung, pembungkus, tabung, kalengkomposit.

Untuk mengemas bahan-bahandengan BJ yang besar

Kraft Paper

Kertas Tahan Minyak (waxed Paper)

dan Glassin (Glassine Paper)

Berbagai warna dan sedikit tembus pandang

Dibuat dengan proses sulfat dan calendering sehingga permukaannya licin

Ketebalan 20 – 40 g/m2Ketebalan 20 – 40 g/m2

Tahan terhadap minyak dan lemak.

Untuk kemasan yang mengandung minyak dan lemak : mentega, keju, dll

Kertas perkamen (parchment)/baking paper

Dibuat dengan proses sulfat

Tahan terhadap lemak dan

cukup kuat dalam keadaan

basah

Lebih keras dan kasar

dibandingkan kertas minyakdibandingkan kertas minyak

Digunakan untuk mengemas

mentega, keju.

Sering digunakan sebagai kertas

label.

Karton (paperboard)Kertas yang paling tebal (lebih dari 0.3 mm)

BJ 150 – 200 kg/m2

Menggunakan filler tanah liat

Untuk box dalam berbagai bentuk

Tipe :CCN (Clay Coated News)

CKB (Coated Kraft Back)


CKB (Coated Kraft Back)

CNB (Coated News Back)

CWTK (Coated White Top Kraft)

FBB (Folding Boxboard)

SBB (Solid Bleached Board)

SBS (Solid Bleached Sulphate)

SUB (Solid Unbleached Board)

SUS (Solid Unbleached Sulphate)

WLC (White Lined Chipboard)

Kertas berlapis

(laminated paper)

Dilaminasi bahan lain

seperti plastik,

alumunium foil.

Dibuat dalam berbagaiDibuat dalam berbagai

bentuk

Contoh Tetrapack yang

terdiri dari lilin, karton

alufo dan polietilen

Bahan Laminasi

Polyethylene (PE) heat sealable moisture barrier. Low density

polyethylene (LDPE) Easier heat sealing results when PE is

modified with EVA (Ethylene vinyl acetate). Medium and high

density PE has a higher temperature limit, better abrasion

resistance and higher barrier properties than LDPE.

Polypropylene (PP) heat sealable, moisture and fat barrier. It can


Polypropylene (PP) heat sealable, moisture and fat barrier. It can

withstand temperatures up to 140°C and is used for packing foods

to be reheated in ovens up to this temperature. One and two side

coatings are available.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) heat sealable, moisture and fat

barrier. It can withstand temperatures up to 200°C and is dual

ovenable (microwave and conventional ovens). It is coated only

on the non-printing side.

Polymethylpentene (PMP) moisture and fat barrier and not heat sealable. It is therefore used as flat sheets, deep drawn trays and trays with mechanically locked corners. It is coated only on the non-printing side.

Ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) and polyamide (PA)


Ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) and polyamide (PA) heat sealable, fat, oxygen and light barrier.

Ionomer resin (Surlyn™), a polyolefin with high resistance to fat, including essential oils in citrus fruit, and moisture with very good sealing properties, is used as a tie layer on aluminium foil when applying PE to foil.

Proses Laminasi

Corrugated boardTerdiri dari bagianbergelombang yang di keduasisinya ditutup denganlembaran karton yang direkatkan (linier)

Konstruksi kelombangbertujuan untuk meredambertujuan untuk meredamgetaran

transport

Kotak Karton Bergelombang (KKG)

Harga per unit yang rendahBobot yang ringan dengan kekuatan yang tinggiMenghemat ruanganMudah diangkutMudah diangkutMelindungi benda-benda yang dikemas dengan amanMemiliki nilai promosiDapat didaur ulang (recycle)Proses pembuatan cepat

Tipe Ukuran Karton Bergelombang

Flute shape Flute pitch Flute heightFlute shape Flute pitch Flute height

Coarse flute (A flute) 8.0 - 9.5 mm 4.0 - 4.9 mm

Medium flute (C flute) 6.8 - 8.0 mm 3.2 - 4.0 mm

Fine flute (B flute) 5.5 - 6.5 mm 2.2 - 3.0 mm

Microflute (E flute) 3.0 - 3.5 mm 1.0 - 1.8 mm

DIAGRAM PROSES PEMBUATAN KERTAS

PENGECILAN

UKURAN

PEMBUBURAN DALAM DIGESTER

Proses : soda/sulfit/sulfat

P = 5 kg/cm2 t = 1400C

BAHAN DASAR


PENCAMPURANBUBUR KERTAS

Air : 96 %

Padat : 4 %

• PENCETAKAN

• PENGERINGAN

• CALENDERING

BAHAN TAMBAHAN

Paper

Making


Making

Step 1: Forestry

Typically, trees used for papermaking are specifically grown

and harvested like a crop for that purpose. To meet

tomorrow's demand, forest products companies and private

landowners in Wisconsin plant millions of new seedlings every

year.


Step 2: Debarking, Chipping and/or Recycling

To begin the process, logs are passed through a debarker,

where the bark is removed, and through chippers, where

spinning blades cut the wood into 1" pieces. Those wood

chips are then pressure-cooked with a mixture of water and

chemicals in a digester.


Step 3: Pulp PreparationThe pulp is washed, refined, cleaned and sometimes

bleached, then turned to slush in the beater. Color dyes,

coatings and other additives are mixed in, and the pulp slush

is pumped onto a moving wire screen.


Step 4: Paper FormationAs the pulp travels down the screen, water is drained away and recycled. The resulting crude paper sheet, or web, is squeezed between large rollers to remove most of the remaining water and ensure smoothness and uniform thickness. The semidry web is then run through heated dryer rollers to remove the remaining water.

Waste water is carefully cleaned and purified before its release or reuse. Fiber particles and chemicals are filtered out and burned to provide additional power for the mill.

Papermakers carefully test for such things as uniformity of color and surface, water resistance, and ink holding ability.


Tea and coffee bags

Paper bags and wrapping paper

Sachets/pouches/overwraps

Multiwall paper sacks

Jenis Kemasan Kertas


Multiwall paper sacks

Folding cartons

iquid packaging cartons

Rigid cartons or boxes

Paper based tubes, tubs and composite containersTubes

Tubs

Composite containers

Fibre drums


Corrugated fibreboard packaging

Moulded pulp containers

Labels

Sealing tapes

Cushioning materials

Cap liners (wads) and diaphragms

Contoh Jenis Kertas

A B C

A. Kertas Glasin

B. Kertas Perkamen

C. Daluang (Container Board

Bentuk kemasan


Bentuk dan Jenis Kemasan

Amplop dan Kantung

Karton Lipat dan Kardus :- Lipatan terbalik (reverse tuck)

- Dasar menutup sendiri (auto-lock bottom)


bottom)

- Model pesawat terbang (airplane style)

- Lipatan lurus

- Model perekat ujung (seal end)

- Model perkakas dasar (hardware bottom).

Standar Karton


A. Pola Dasar B. Lipatan Terbalik

C. Model Pesawat Terbang D. Lipatan Putus

E. Model Perekatan Ujung F. Model Perkakas Dasar

PolaPolaPolaPola----pola dasar untuk membuat kemasan daluang lipatpola dasar untuk membuat kemasan daluang lipatpola dasar untuk membuat kemasan daluang lipatpola dasar untuk membuat kemasan daluang lipat

Berbagai model kotak karton lipat

Souvia Rahimah 2 Maret2011 - Universitas...

Documents

Transcript of Souvia Rahimah 2 Maret2011 - Universitas...