PPT Refarat Saraf Kranial.ppt
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Transcript of PPT Refarat Saraf Kranial.ppt
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SARAF KRANIAL DAN ASPEKSARAF KRANIAL DAN ASPEK
KLINIS DALAM INDERA KHUSUSKLINIS DALAM INDERA KHUSUS
OLEH :
HARA HARJI JAEJA, S.Ked
PEMBIMBING : dr. IRMAYANI ABOE KASIM, M.Kes, Sp.S
DIBAWAKAN DALAM RANGKA TUGAS KEPANITERAAN KLINIK
BAGIAN NEUROLOGI FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
UNIVERSITAS HALU OLEO
KENDARI
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SARAF KRANIALIS(SARAF OTAK)
Nervi Craniales (Jamak)
Nervus Cranialis (Tunggal)
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Gambar 1: Tempat keluar Nervi Craniales aribatang !tak
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Nerves in Order Modality Function
Olfactory Special sensory Smell
Optic Special sensory Vision
Oculomotor Somatic motor
Visceral motor
Levator palpebrae, superioris, superior,
medial & inferior recti muscles
Parasympathetic to ciliary & pupillary
constrictor muscles
Trochlear Somatic motor Superior oblique muscle
Trigeminal Branchial motor
General sensory
Muscles of mastication
Sensory for head/neck, sinuses,
meninges, & external surface of tympanicmembrane
Abducens Somatic motor
Lateral rectus muscle
Facial Branchial Motor
Visceral Motor
General SensorySecial Sensor
Muscles of facial expression
Parasympathetic to all glands of head
except the parotidSensor for ear and tm anic membrane
Table 1. Cranial Nerves Summary
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Nerves in Order Modality Function
Glossopharyngeral Branchial Motor
Visceral Motor
Visceral Sensory
General Sensory
Special Sensory
Stylopharyngeus muscle
Parotid Gland
Carotid Body
Sensation posterior one-third tongue &
internal surface of tympanic
membrane.
Taste posterior one-third tongueVagus Branchial Motor
Visceral Motor
Visceral Sensory
Special Sensory
Muscles pharynx & larynx
Parasympathetic to neck, thorax, &
abdomen
Sensory from pharynx, larynx &
visceraSensory from external earSpinal Accessory Branchial Motor
Trapezius & sternocleidomastoid
muscles
Hypoglossal
Somatic Motor Tongue muscles except palatoglossal
Table 1. Cranial Nerves Summarycont
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Nervi Craniales dan fungsinya" Nervus Ol#a$t!riusleas signals #r!m t%e n!se t! t%e brain&
"" Nervus Opti$us
leas t%e signals !# t%e retina t! t%ebrain&
""" Nervus O$ul!m!t!rius
e'e an e'eli m!vement as ell as t%e iris(iris) steers&
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" Nervus Abu$ens
"nternal #!urt% t%e lateral e'e mus$le&"" Nervus Fa$ialis (Fa$e nerve)
"# t%e mus$ulature !# t%e mimi$ steers*
als! t%e taste persepti!n in t%e #r!nt t!t%irs !# t%e t!ngue an internal #!urt% all%ea glans meiate e+$ept t%e .ar!tis&
"""Nervus estibul!$!$%learis (/earing an
0uilibrium Nerve)Resp!nsibl' #!r t%e #!raring !# t%ein#!rmati!n #r!m t%e %earing snails an t%e!rgan !# t%e euilibrium&
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"2 Nervus Gl!ss!p%ar'ngeus (T!ngue T%r!atNerve)
3eas t%e signal !# t%e rear t!ngue se$ti!n t!t%e brain an internal #!urt% mus$les !# t%et%r!at& "mp!rtantl' #!r t%e sip a$t&
2 Nervus agus
-ain nerve !# t%e .aras'mpat%i$us an at t%e
regulari4ati!n !# t%e a$tivit' !# man' internal!rgans takes part&
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2" Nervus A$$ess!riusSupplie m!t!r t%e -us$ulus trape4ius an t%e-us$ulus stern!$lei!mast!ieus& T%e nervusa$$ess!rius a$tuall' rises #r!m t%at ba$k -ark&Sin$e it pulls %!ever parallel t! ba$k -arksint! t%e %ea $ave an leaves t%ese t%an !n t%e%ea basis again* it is ranke am!ng t%e $ranial
nerves&2"" Nervus /'p!gl!sus
T%e t!ngue m!vement steers
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PEMERIKSAAN KLINISA. NERVUS OLFAKTORIUS NI! Saraf Peng"idu
.ersiapan :
5at : bau6bauan 'ang tiak asing(k!pi* te%* tembakau)
S'arat : pen'akit intranasal (6)
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Gambar& .emeriksaan N&"
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Cara #e$eri%saan&
.asien iberita%u ba%a a'a pen$iumann'a
%enak iperiksa&
.asien iminta mengienti#ikasi apa 'g ter%iu
!le%n'a bila suatu b!t!l 'g berisi 4at tertentu
iekatkan ke sala% satu lubang %iungn'a& 3akukan %al 'g sama i lubang %iung 'g lain&
N I lanjutan
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Penilaian& N!rm!smia: mampu meng%iu gn tepat
An!smia : %ilangn'a a'a peng%iu
/ip!smia : a'a peng%iu kurang ta,am (misaln'a pusila)
.ar!smia : ter%iu bau 'g tk sesuai ($!nt!% baumin'ak ka'u puti% iienti#ikasi sebagaibaang g!reng)
Kak!smia : mirip gn par!smia ttp selalu iienti#ikasisebagai bau 'g tk men'enangkan&
/alusinasi !l#akt!rik : ter%iu sesuatu tanpa aan'aperangsangan (misaln'a paa psik!sis*
epilepsi: un$inate #it)
N I lanjutan
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An!smia* sering i,umpai paa: Fraktur basis $rani :
K!mplikasi meningitis
Tum!r l!bus #r!ntalis (sinr!ma F!ster Kenne')
K!ngenital Albinismus
.ar!smia an kak!smia* apat bersi#at:
K!nversi %isterik
Sementara paa trauma $apitis
N I lanjutan
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'. NERVUS OPTIKUS N II!
Pe$eri%saan (erdiri dari &a& Keta,aman pengli%atan (visual a$uit')b& 3apangan panang (visual #iel)$& .emeriksaan #unus
& .engenalan arna : 6 stilling is%i%ara test $arPersia#an&o Ruangan engan penerangan 'ang baiko .astikan pen'akit6pen'akit paa mata tiak aao 7uta %uru# atau tiako Keta,aman pengli%atan iperiksa paa mata bergilirano Gantungkan kartu snellen paa ,arak 8 atau 9 meter
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Test Keta,aman .engli%atan
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.emeriksaan visus se$ara neur!l!gis: bukanuntuk meng!reksi kelainan re#raksi&a& Keta,aman .engli%atan (isual A$uit')o Jau% : n!rmal 88 atau 99
oAbn!rmal /an'a mampu meng%itung ,ari paa ,arak
1 meter: OS6;: 19< /an'a mampu mengenal gerakan tangan:
OS6;: 1= Tiak mampu mengenal $a%a'a: OS6;: