Pengantar Ilmu Ekonomi 1

7/25/2019 Pengantar Ilmu Ekonomi 1

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PENGANTAR ILMU

EKONOMI

Ir. Murman Budijanto, MT.,

MIDEC.


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Pengertian Ilmu Ekonomi :

1. The study of making choices2. Economics is a social science that studies human behaviour

3. The study of how individuals and groups make decisionswith limited resources as to best satisfy their unlimitedwants, needs and expectations

. The study of the production, distribution and consumptionof wealth in human society

!ermasalahan pokok " #einginan yg tak terbatas sedang

kan resources yg ada terbatas $#elangkaan % Efisiensi & $'carcity ( Efficiency )

*agaimana menggunakan resources yg terbatas utk memproduksi barang2 yg diperlukan dan mendistribusikannyapada berbagai pihak yg memerlukan

$meningkatkan taraf hidup rakyat sehari % hari )


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Industrial Engineering : AIIE (1922 )

IIE (1981)+ndustrial Engineering is concerned with the "

-esign of integrated systemsof "- +mprovement people materials information

-+nstallation e/uipment energy+t draws upon specialized knowledge and skill$ 0 bagian2 terpilih)

in the " mathematical physical social sciences togrther with

the principles and methods of engineering analysis and designto specify - predict and evaluate

the result to be obtained from such system

Apa relevansi Pengantar Ilmu Ekonomi bagi disiplin ilmu TI ?


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Tema pokok ilmu ekonomi :

SCARCITY & EFFICIENCY

Ilmu Ekonomi mempelajari!

Ba"aimana #ara m$m$nu%i &$'utu%anmanu(ia )an" jum*a%n)a + j$ni(n)a ta&

t$r'ata( d$n"an R$(our#$(- )" t$r($diada*am jum*a% )an" t$r'ata(

Ba"aimana ma()ara&at m$n""una&anR$(our#$( )" t$r'ata( (#ar#$/ untu&

m$m0rodu&(i 'aran"1'aran" )" '$r"una +m$ndi(tri'u(i&ann)a &$ '$r'a"ai 0i%a& dima()ara&at .


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KONSEP SCARCITY &EICIENCY

M$mun#u*&an &$(adaran a&anadan)a !

E#onomi#( Good(

Non E#onomi#( Good( ($0$rti!

1 0a(ir di 0adan" 0a(ir

1 air *aut di 0antai

1 d(t.


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Pertan!aan "a#ar $ pokok

perekonomian% Apa (aja )" %aru( di0rodu&(i + 'erapa

'an!ak4

( )agaimanaProdu&(i 'aran" + ja(a %aru(

di*a&u&an 4

* )agaimanadi(tri'u(i 'aran" + ja(a %aru(

di*a&u&an 4

+ ,ntuk #iapa 0rodu&(i + di(tri'u(i 'aran" +


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,tk menja1a' pertan!aan( t#'

%223 : The Wealth of Nation AdamSmith, m$nj$*a(&an !

Ba"aimana &$($im'an"an %ar"a da0at

t$r'$ntu& Ba"aimana &$($im'an"an %ar"a a&an

m$m0$n"aru%i m$&ani(m$ 0a(ar

T%$ In7i(i'*$ 8and /

Ba"aimana (i9at : (i9at 0a(ar )" $;(i$n


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'$*um da0at


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%5*7, General Theory of Employment, Interet &!oney " #ohn !aynard $eyne, mengemukakan

A0a )" m$n)$'a'&an 0$n"an""uran + E#onomi# Do?nTurn(

Ba"aimana tin"&at in7$(ta(i + &on(um(i dit$ta0&an

Ba"aimana 'an& ($ntra* %aru( m$n"atur uan" + tin"&at

(u&u 'un"a M$n"a0a di(aat )" (ama, n$"ara A- mam0u maju 0$(at,

($dan"&an n$"ara B- (ta"nan

P$ran 0$m$rinta% untu& m$n"uran"i 0$n"aru% n$"ati9dari nai& turunn)a 0$r$&onomian Bu(in$(( C)#*$/

0akro Ekonomi

m$m0$*ajari &in$rja 0$r$&onomian ($#ara&$($*uru%an (the overall perfomance of the economy)


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Tuga# Ilmu Ekonomi : M$n)adar&an 'a%?a r$(our#$( '$rada da*amjum*a% t$r'ata(

2. Ba"aimana m$n"or"ani(a(i 0$man9aatann)a

($ 1 $;(i$n dan ($ 1 $9$&ti9 mun"&inuntu&

3. M$nin"&at&an T%$ *i7in" #ondition o9 0$o0*$in t%$ir $7$r)da) *i7$(. 5a?a'an ata( %at :8o? + or %om /


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TRAN=AK=I

NEED=

ANT=

DEMAND

PRODUK

EC8ANGE

NEED= + ANT= DEMAND MARKET


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TE I!"I#I$%E A!& (' A&A #IT )

1 Ba"aimana &$($im'an"an %ar"a da0at t$r'$ntu&1 Ba"aimana &$($im'an"an %ar"a a&an m$m0$n"aru%im$&ani(m$ 0a(ar

T%$ In7i(i'*$ 8and /1 Ba"aimana (i9at : (i9at 0a(ar )" $;(i$n

Kegagalan T4e In8i#i'le .an"

1 EFt$rna*iti$( ! ..

1 Mono0o*) !1 Pu'*i# Good( !

0ikro Ekonomi!

Perlu a"a peran pemerinta4 untuk menangani 4al / 4al

"iata#


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Kegagalan

Invisible Hand

Intervensi

Pemerintah

Contoh-contoh

In Efficiency

Monopoli

Externalities

Public Goods

Hukum & peraturan antimonopoli, anti polusi,dst

Pertahanan, RS,Listrik,air,dst

Int$r7$n(i Pa(ar

=u'(idi

PE%*!+A PEA! PEEI!TA &A%A PEE,-!-IA!

Instability

InflasiPenanuran

Pertumbuhan

lambat

Menstabilkan l!at

polic"# makroekonomi

$ebi%akan moneter %umlah

uan beredar, tinkat buna '

$ebi%akan (iskal pa%ak,

proram peneluaran

pemerintah'

In Equality

$etidakadilanpendapatan &

kese%ahteraan

Redistribusi

Income

Proram#bantuan sosial

Pa%ak proresif terhadappendapatan & keme!ahan

A"am Smit4 :

9ilengkapi ole4 pemikiran( lanjut ;o4n 0a!nar" Ke!ne##2 0ound o9 9ood

O00ortunit) #o(t o9#*ot%in" 2 0ound( o9 9ood

* + %( %*

A Produ#tion Po((i'i*it) ronti$r


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T%$ 0rodu#tion 0o((i'i*it) 9ronti$rr$mind( u( t%at r$(our#$( ar$ (#ar#$

=#ar#it) m$an( t%at ?$ mu(t ma&$#%oi#$( $a#% #%oi#$ %a( o00ortunit) #o(t(

t%$ o00ortunit) #o(t( d$0$nd on %o?

mu#% o9 $a#% "ood i( 0rodu#$d



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=u00o($ t%at t%$ 0rodu#tion0o((i'i*it) 9ronti$r #an '$

r$0r$($nt$d ') 2252 22

=+yx

To ;nd t%$ (*o0$, ?$ #an (o*7$ 9or" 2

2225 xy =

I9 ?$ di$r$ntiat$

y

x

y

xxx

dx

dy 2

2

4)4()2225(

2

1 2/12 =

==


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?%$n#,y3.2, t%$ (*o0$12/>3.2 1.6

?%$n#,y, t%$ (*o0$ 12/> 1

t%$ (*o0$ ri($( a(yri($(

y

x

y

xxx

dx

dy 2

2

4)4()2225(

2

1 2/12 =

==


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$*9ar$ E#onomi#( too*( u($d in "$n$ra* $ui*i'rium ana*)(i(

%a7$ '$$n u($d 9or normati7$ ana*)(i(#on#$rnin" t%$ d$(ira'i*it) o9 7ariou($#onomi# out#om$(

$#onomi(t( ran#i( Ed"$?ort% and Hi*9r$do

Par$to %$*0$d to 0ro7id$ a 0r$#i($ d$;nition o9

$#onomi# $S#i$n#) and d$mon(trat$d t%$

#ondition( und$r ?%i#% mar&$t( #an attain

t%at "oa*

T%$ E#onomi# T%$or) o9 Ha*u$


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Mod$rn Too*(

C*ari;#ation o9 t%$ 'a(i# '$%a7iora*a((um0tion( a'out indi7idua* and

;rm '$%a7ior Cr$ation o9 n$? too*( to (tud)

mar&$t(

In#or0oration o9 un#$rtaint) andim0$r9$#t in9ormation into $#onomi#mod$*(

In#r$a(in" u($ o9 #om0ut$r( to


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Im0ortant Point( to Not$!

E#onomi#( i( t%$ (tud) o9 %o?(#ar#$ r$(our#$( ar$ a**o#at$d

amon" a*t$rnati7$ u($( $#onomi(t( u($ (im0*$ mod$*( to

und$r(tand t%$ 0ro#$((


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Im0ortant Point( to Not$!

T%$ mo(t #ommon*) u($d$#onomi# mod$* i( t%$ (u00*)1

d$mand mod$* (%o?( %o? 0ri#$( ($r7$ to 'a*an#$

0rodu#tion #o(t( and t%$ ?i**in"n$((

o9 'u)$r( to 0a) 9or t%$($ #o(t(


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Pengantar Ilmu Ekonomi 1

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