ORGAN LIMFOID
description
Transcript of ORGAN LIMFOID
![Page 1: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ORGAN LIMFOID
Dosen ImunoloigiFakultas Farmasi, Universitas Pancasila
jakarta
![Page 2: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Terdiri dari:
Fungsinya:
Pertahanan tubuhMengeliminasi sel abnormal (penyakt, tua, tumr) dan sel patogen
Lymph Nodes
Spleen/limpa
Thymus
Tonsils
organ limpfoid
![Page 3: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Lymph Nodes/nodus limfatikus
lymphoid organs
- Macrophages and lymphocytes attack microorganisms
Pembengkakan lymph nodes disebabkan olej penumpukan jumlah lymphocytes
![Page 4: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Limpa
lymphoid organs
- Tempat utk immune surveillance dan response- membuang material debris, benda asing, toxins, bakteri, virus, sel drh merah yg telah tua- Mudah robek krn trauma mekanik
![Page 5: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Thymus
lymphoid organs - Lokasi utk pematanganT lymphocytes
- Mensekresi hormon (thymopoietin dan thymosins)
- Berperan penting masa anak2
![Page 6: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Tonsils
lymphoid organs
- Melokalisir dan membunuh bakteri
![Page 7: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
SISTEM LIMFATIK
Terdiri dari
1) Saluran limfatik
2) Jaringan limfoid dan organ limfoid
![Page 8: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Mengalir bersamaan sepanjang aliran sirkulasi darh
Saluran lymphatic
![Page 9: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
lymphatic capillary
lymphatic trunks
lymphatic collecting vessels
lymphatic ducts
Saluran Lymphatic dimulai dari kapiler lymphatic
![Page 10: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Saluran limfatik adalah Saluran yang buntu - permeable terhadap protein dan sel
![Page 11: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Fungsi utama
- mengumpulkan kelebian partikel besar dan cairan jaringan
lymph
![Page 12: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Special lymph capillaries --- Lacteals
- collect digested fats ( in chylomicrons)
![Page 13: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Valves/klep diperlukan utk mencegah arus balik
![Page 14: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Berhubungan/tersambung dengan vena
![Page 15: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
SISTEM SIRKULASI DARAH DAN LIMFECardiovascular Lymphatic
Derived from mesoderm Derived from mesoderm
Transport System Transport System
Has a pump (heart) No pump
Arteries No equivalent
Veins for return Lymph vessels for return
Veins have valves Lymph vessels have valves
Carries RC, WBC, plasma Carries WBC, plasma
![Page 16: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Lymphedema
- swelling in tissues
- due to tumor pressure, parasites, or surgery
blockage of lymph drainage
![Page 17: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Elephantiasis
– blockage by parasitic worms
![Page 18: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Peran saluran limfe dalam proses metastosis
![Page 19: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Pertahanan terhdp agen pathogen
• 1) Nonspecific defenses - broadly effective, no prior exposure
1) external barriers2) inflammation3) fever
• 2) Specific defense - results from prior exposure, protects against only a particular pathogen• immune system
![Page 20: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
1) External Barriers
• Skin
• toughness of keratin
• dry and nutrient-poor
• defenses: peptides neutrophils attack microbes
• lactic acid (acid mantle) is a component of perspiration
• Subepithelial areolar tissue
– tissue gel: viscous barrier of hyaluronic acid
– hyaluronidase: enzyme used by pathogens (snake bites and bacterial toxins
![Page 21: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• Mucous membranes
– stickiness of mucus
– lysozyme: enzyme
destroys bacterial cell
walls
1) External Barriers
![Page 22: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
2) Non Specific Immunity - Inflammation
• Defensive response to tissue injury
– limits spread of pathogens, then destroys them; removes debris, initiates tissue repair
– suffix -itis denotes inflammation of specific organs
![Page 23: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
2) Inflammation
• Cardinal signs– redness (erythema) caused by
hyperemia ( blood flow)– swelling (edema) caused by
capillary permeability and filtration– heat caused by hyperemia– pain caused by inflammatory
chemicals and pressure on nerves
![Page 24: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
2) Inflammation
• Inflammatory chemicals
- bradykinin, histamine, and leukotrienes
- secreted by damaged cells, mast cells, basophils, lymphocytes, macrophages and platelets
- stimulates vasodilation, increases capillary permeability, and induces pain.
![Page 25: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Pain/nyeri• Causes
• Direct injury to nerve endings• Inflammatory chemicals• Tissue swelling
• Brandykinin, Prostaglandins, and bacterial toxins can induce pain.
• Brandykinin, produced from a plasma protien, is released from basophils and mast cells
• Pain is an important signal to tissue repair, as it signals the body to rest and not further injury itself.
![Page 26: ORGAN LIMFOID](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56816610550346895dd9553a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
3) Fever/demam
• Defense mechanism: can do more good than harm• promotes interferon activity• accelerating metabolic rate and tissue repair• inhibiting pathogen reproduction
• Pyrogen (fever-producing agent): - secreted by macrophages (endogenous) and microorganisms (exogenous)- stimulates anterior hypothalamus to secrete prostaglandin E which resets body thermostat higher