MANAJEMEN S T R A T E G I

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PENYUSUNAN STRATEGI

TUGAS AHLI STRATEGI YANG EFEKTIF

1. Suka bekerja keras

2. Mempunyai wawasan yang luas dan analisis yang menyeluruh (integrated)

3. Berpikir jernih (objectif) dan melontarkan banyak gagasan dalam pengambilan keputusan

PERAN KONSULTAN MANAJEMEN

Konsultan biasanya terlibat dalam merumuskan strategi dan bagaimana mengimplementasikan strategi perusahaan dan membantu dalam merancang kerangka evaluasi dan pengendalian strategi perusahaan agar nantinya dapat diketahui efektifitas strategi perusahaan yang diimplementasikan.

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Broader responsibility:

Private corporation has responsibilities to society that extend beyond making a profit.

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SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Friedman’s Traditional View

“There is one and only one social responsibility of business – to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits…”

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SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Carroll’s Four Responsibilities

Economic Legal Ethical Discretionary

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RESPONSIBILITIES OF BUSINESS

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SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY BENEFITS

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Ben & Jerry’s

Maytag

Procter &Gamble

Rubbermaid

•Environmental concerns may enable the firm to charge premium prices and gain brand loyalty

•Trustworthiness may help generate enduring relationships with suppliers and distributors without spending time and money policing contracts

•Can attract outstanding employees who prefer working for a responsible firm

•More likely to attract capital from investors who view reputable companies as desirable

REASONS FOR UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR

Moral Relativism

Morality is relative to some personal, social or cultural standard and that there is no method for deciding whether one decision is better than another.

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SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYKohlberg’s Levels of Moral Development

Preconventional Level– Concern for self

Conventional Level– Consideration of laws and norms

Principled Level– Adherence to internal moral code11

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Code of Ethics: Specifies how an organization

expects its employees to behave while on the job.

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SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

EthicsThe consensually accepted standards of behavior for an occupation, trade, or profession

MoralityThe precepts of personal behavior based on religious or philosophical grounds

LawFormal codes that permit or forbid certain behaviors

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SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Approaches to Ethical Behavior

UtilitarianUtilitarian Actions and plans judged by

consequences Individual RightsIndividual Rights

People have fundamental rights to be respected in all decisions

JusticeJustice Distribution of costs and benefits to be

equitable, fair, and impartial

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SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Approaches to Ethical Behavior

Categorical imperativesCategorical imperatives“golden rules”

Not restrict others behavior

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SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYImpact of the Internet

Issues –

Cybersquatting

Taxation

Public Interest16