Makalah Kimia Organik II 3

8/16/2019 Makalah Kimia Organik II 3

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MAKALAH KIMIA ORGANIK II

ALKENA SIMETRIS DAN ASIDIMETRIS

Di susun oleh :

1. LITA DWI FITRILIA

2. LUFI AMALIYAH

3. M. ABI UBAIDILLAH

4. NENENG NUR AMALIYAH

. NINA !ETYANIG!IH

". N#$A RIYANI

PROGRAM STUDI S1 FARMASI

STIkes BHAKTI MANDALA HUSADA SLAWI

2015

KATA PENGANTAR

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!e%&l& 'u(i )&%i &ll&h !WT *&n% +el&h ,e,)e-i&n ni,&+ se-+& hi/&*&h0

N*& +e-u+&,& ni,&+ ese,'&+&n /&n eseh&+&n sehin%%& /&'&n ,en*eles&i&n

+u%&s ,&+& uli&h IMIA #RGANI. e,u/i&n shol&&+ )ese-+& s&l&, i+&

s&,'&i&n e'&/& n&)i i+& Muh&,,&/ !AW *&n% +el&h ,e,)e-i&n 'e/o,&n

hi/u' *&ni &l05u-&n /&n sun&h un+u esel&,&+&n u,&+ /i /uni&.

M&&l&h Alen& !i,e+-is /&n Asi/i,e+-is ini ,e-u'&&n s&l&h s&+u +u%&s

,&+& uli&h i,i& #-%&ni. !el&n(u+n*& &,i ,en%u6&'&n +e-i,&&sih *&n%

se)es&-0)es&-n*& e'&/& i)u No-,& E-&li+&7 M'/. !el&u /osen 'e,)i,)in% ,&+&

uli&h i,i& #-%&ni /&n e'&/& se%en&' 'ih& *&n% +el&h ,e,)e-i&n

)i,)in%&n se-+& &-&h&n sel&,& 'enulis&n ,&&l&h &len& ini.

&,i ,en*&/&-i )&h& )&n*& +e-/&'&+ eu-&n%&n0eu-&n%&n /&l&,

'enulis&n ,&&l&h &len& ini7 ,&& /&-i i+u &,i ,en%h&-&'&n -i+i /&n s&-&n

*&n% ons+-u+i8 /&-i '&-& 'e,)&6& /e,i ese,'u-n&&n ,&&l&h ini.

!l&i7 #+o)e- 291

en*usun

DAFTAR ISI

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HALAMAN ;UDUL........................................................................................ i

ATA ENGANTAR....................................................................................... ii

DAFTAR I!I..................................................................................................... iii

BAB I ENDAHULUAN................................................................................. 1

1.1 LATAR BELAANG...................................................................... 1

1.2 TU;UAN.......................................................................................... 1

1.3 MANFAAT....................................................................................... 1

BAB II I!I......................................................................................................... 2

2.1 ENGERTIAN ALENA.............................................................. 2

2.2 !IFAT ALENA............................................................................. 4

2.3 EMBUATAN ALENA............................................................... "

2.4 REA!I0REA!I ADA ALENA.............................................. <

2. FUNG!I ALENA......................................................................... 24

BAB III ENUTU.......................................................................................... 2=

3.1 E!IMULAN .............................................................................. 2=

3.2 !ARAN........................................................................................... 2=

DAFTAR U!TAA........................................................................................ 2<

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BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

1.1 LATAR BELAKANG

Alen& ,e-u'&&n su&+u sen*&& hi/-o&-)on *&n% ,e,ilii s&+u &+&u

le)ih i&+&n -&n%&' /u& &+o, &-)on. Al&n& ,e,'un*&i i&+&n si%,& /&n

i&+&n pi &n+&-& /u& &+o, &-)on *&n% )e-h&/&'&n. Aen& se-in% /ise)u+ (u%&

olefin /&n /i&+&&n hi/-o&-)on +i/& (enuh &-en& +i/& ,e,'un*&i (u,l&h

,&si,u, &+o, *&n% /&'&+ /i +&,'un% oleh +i&' &+o, &-)on.

I&+&n -&n%&' &-)on0&-)on ,e-u'&&n %u%us 8un%sion&l *&n% )&n*&

+e-/&'&+ /&l&, '-o/u0'-o/u &l&, /&n '&/& u,u,n*& i&+&n -&n%&' ini

&&n )e-%&)un% /en%&n %u%us 8un%sion&l *&n% l&in. !el&in i+u &len& (u%&

)&n*& /i+e,u&n /&l&, o,'onen0o,'onen ,in*& )u,i.

Alen& ,e,'un*&i si8&+ non polar 7 l&-u+ /&l&, &i- se)&) ,e,'un*&i

i&+&n pi7 /&n ,u/&h l&-u+ /&l&, le,& /&n ,in*&. Alen& /&'&+ /i)u&+

,el&lui )e-)&%&i -e&si sen*&&0sen*&& se'e-+i -e&si &lil h&li/&7

/eh&lo%en&si >i6inil /ih&li/&7 -e&si i++i% ?-e&si /en%&n ili/ 'hos'oniu,@7

/ehi/-&si &lohol7 /&n hi/-o%en&si &lun&.

1.2 TUJUANTu(u&n /isusunn*& ,&&l&h ini &/&l&h &%&- ,&h&sis& le)ih ,e,&h&,i

+en+&n% si8&+0si8&+ &len&7 6&-& 'e,)u&+&nn*& /&n -e&si0-e&si '&/& &len&7

se-+& un+u ,e,enuhi +u%&s i,i& o-%&ni.

1.3 MANFAAT

M&h&sis& /&'&+ ,en%e+&hui si8&+0si8&+ &len&7 6&-& 'e,)u&+&nn*& /&n

-e&si0-e&si '&/& &len&.

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BAB II

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1 PENGERTIAN ALKENA

Alen& i&l&h su&+u hi/-o&-)on *&n% ,en%&n/un% su&+u i&+&n -&n%&'

/u& &n+&-& /u& &+o, *&n% )e-u-u+&n. &/&n%0&/&n% &len& /ise)u+ ole8in7

/&-i &+& ole8i&n+ %&s ?%&s *&n% ,e,)en+u ,in*&@7 su&+u n&,& l&in un+u

e+ilen& ?H2H2@. Alen& /ise)u+ (u%& hi/-o&-)on +i/& (enuh &-en&

+i/& ,e,'un*&i (u,l&h ,&si,u, &+o, *&n% /&+&' /i+&,'un% oleh se+i&'

&+o, &-)on. Alen& ,e,'un*&i i&+&n si%,& /&n i&+&n 'hi &n+&-& /u& &+o,

&-)on *&n% )e-h&/&'&n.

I&+&n -&n%&' &-)on0&-)on ,e-u'&&n %u%us 8un%sion&l *&n% )&n*&

+e-/&'&+ /&l&, '-o/u0'-o/u &l&, /&n '&/& u,u,n*& i&+&n -&n%&' ini

&&n )e-%&)un% /en%&n %u%us 8un%sion&l *&n% l&in. !el&in i+u &len& (u%&

)&n*& /i+e,u&n /&l&, o,'onen0o,'onen ,in*& )u,i.

D&l&, s*s+e, IUA7 -&n+&i lu-us &len& /i)e-i n&,& sesu&i /en%&n

&l&n& /en%&n ,en%%&n+i &hi-&n C&n& ,en(&/i Cen&.

H2H2 H3HH2

E+&n& '-o'en&

Isoe! "#$# A$ke%#&

1@ Iso,e- B&n%un

!e,u& &len& *&n% ,e,ilii 4 &+&u le)ih &+o, &-)on ,e,ilii

iso,e-i )&n%un. Ini )e-&-+i )&h& &/& /u& &+&u le)ih -u,us )&n%un *&n%

)is& /i)u&+ un+u ,&sin%0,&sin% -u,us ,oleul.

!e)&%&i 6on+oh7 un+u 4H


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2@ Iso,e-i Geo,e+-is ?6is0+-&ns@

I&+&n &-)on0&-)on -&n%&' ?@ +i/& ,e,un%in&n

&/&n*&-o+&si /&l&, s+-u+u-. Ini )e-&-+i )&h& %u%us0%u%us H3 '&/&

e/u& u(un% ,oleul )is& /iun6i '&/& 'osisin*& )&i '&/& s&l&h s&+u

sisi ,oleul &+&u '&/& /u& sisi *&n% )e-l&&n&n.

A'&)il& %u%us0%u%us )e-&/& '&/& s&+u sisi /ise)u+ se)&%&i 6is20

)u+en& /&n &'&)il& %u%us0%u%us )e-&/& '&/& /u& sisi *&n% )e-l&&n&n

/ise)u+ +-&ns20)u+en&.

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2.2 SIFAT ALKENA

• !i8&+0si8&+ 8isi &len&

1. Ti+i Di/ih

M&sin%0,&sin% &len& ,e,ilii +i+i /i/ih *&n% se/ii+ le)ih -en/&h

/i)&n/in% +i+i /i/ih &l&n& *&n% s&,& (u,l&h &+o, &-)onn*&. E+en&7

'-o'en& /&n )u+en& )e-u(u/ %&s '&/& suhu &,&-7 sel&inn*& &/&l&h

6&i-&n.

1 s&,'&i 4 '&/& suhu &,&- )e-)en+u %&s

e &+&s '&/& suhu &,&- )e-)en+u 6&i-

!&+u0s&+un*& %&*& +&-i *&n% +e-li)&+ /&l&, i&+&n &len& &/&l&h %&*&

/is'e-si $&n /e- W&&ls7 /&n %&*&0%&*& ini +e-%&n+un% '&/& )en+u

,oleul /&n (u,l&h ele+-on *&n% /i&n/un%n*&. G&*& $&n /e- W&&ls

&/&l&h %&*& &n+&- ,oleul '&/& sen*&& o>elen. Un+u %&*& $&n /e-

W&&ls '&/& &len& *&n% )e-si8&+ non0'ol&- /ise)u+ %&l& Lon/on ?/i'il

ses&&+@. M&in )es&- M- sen*&& &len&7 %&*& $&n /el W&&ls ,&in

u&+7 sehin%%& +i+i /i/ih ?TD@ ,&in +in%%i. M&sin%0,&sin% &len&

,e,ilii 2 le)ih se/ii+ ele+-on /i)&n/in% &l&n& *&n% s&,& (u,l&h

&+o, &-)onn*&.

2. el&-u+&n

Alen& h&,'i- +i/& /&'&+ l&-u+ /&l&, &i-7 +&'i l&-u+ /&l&, 'el&-u+0

'el&-u+ o-%&ni7 se'e-+i le,& /&n ,in*&.

• e-e&+i8&n i,i&i

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1. I&+&n /&l&, &len&

!i8&+0si8&+ i&+&n i,i& /&l&, sen*&& e+en& *&n% ,en%&n/un%

i&+&n &-)on -&n%&' /u& ?@ )e-l&u '&/& i&+&n /&l&,

&len& *&n% le)ih o,'les.

E+en& /i%&,)&-&n se)&%&i )e-iu+:

I&+&n -&n%&' &n+&-& &+o, &-)on &/&l&h /u& '&s&n% ele+-on

)e-s&,&. !&l&h s&+u /&-i '&s&n%&n ele+-on /i'e%&n% '&/& se)u&h

%&-is lu-us &n+&-& /u& in+i &-)on7 +&'i '&s&n%&n l&inn*& /i'e%&n%

/&l&, se)u&h o-)i+&l ,oleul /i &+&s /&n /i )&&h )i/&n%

,oleul. #-)i+&l ,oleul &/&l&h se)u&h -u&n% /&l&, ,oleul

/i,&n& +e-/&'&+ e,un%in&n )es&- un+u ,ene,u&n se'&s&n%

ele+-on +e-+en+u.

&/& %&,)&- /i &+&s7 %&-is &n+&-& e/u& &+o, &-)on

,enun(u&n se)u&h i&+&n no-,&l 0 '&s&n%&n ele+-on )e-s&,&

+e-le+& /&l&, se)u&h o-)i+&l ,oleul '&/& %&-is &n+&-& /u& in+i.

I&+&n ini /ise)u+ i&+&n si%,&.

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&s&n%&n ele+-on *&n% l&in /i+e,u&n /i su&+u +e,'&+ /&l&,

)&%i&n )e-&-si- /i &+&s &+&u /i )&&h )i/&n% ,oleul. I&+&n ini

/ise)u+ i&+&n 'i. Ele+-on0ele+-on /&l&, i&+&n 'i )e)&s

)e-'in/&h kemanapun /&l&, /&e-&h )e-&-si- ini /&n )is&

)e-'in/&h )e)&s /&-i )el&h&n *&n% s&+u e )el&h&n *&n% l&in.

Ele+-on 'i +i/& se'enuhn*& /ien/&li&n oleh in+i &-)on

se'e-+i '&/& ele+-on /&l&, i&+&n si%,&7 /&n &-en& ele+-on 'i

+e-le+& /i &+&s /&n /i )&&h /&e-&h oson% /&-i ,oleul7 ,&&

ele+-on0ele+-on ini -el&+i8 +e-)u& un+u /ise-&n% oleh '&-+iel

l&in.

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2.3 PEMBUATAN ALKENA

1@ Re&si Alil H&li/&

Re&si ini ,e-u'&&n -e&si E2 ?-e&si )io,oleule-@. Re&si

eli,in&si +e-h&/&' &l*l h&li/e /en%&n ,e,&n&s&n &lil h&li/& /en%&n

#H &+&u NH2H3 /&l&, e+&nol.

H3H2#H

H3HH3 H3H2#0 H3HH2

H3H2#H B- 0

'&n&s

2@ Deh&lo%en&si $i6inil /ih&li/&

$i6in&l /ih&li/& &/&l&h su&+u &l*l h&li/e *&n% ,e,'un*&i 2 &+o,

h&lo%en *&n% +e-i&+ '&/& ,oleul &+o, &-)on *&n% )e-)&+&s&n. Re&si

ini (u%& ,e-u'&&n -e&si )i,oleule- ?E2@ &n+&-& &l*l h&li/e seun/e-

/&l&, )&s& u&+.

&6e+on

CH2 CH CH2 + 2NaI

CH3CH=CH2 + I2 + 2NaCl

Cl Cl

$i6in&l /ih&li/&

3@ Re&si /en%&n ili/ 'hos'oniu, ?-e&si i++i%@

Alen& /&'&+ /isin+esis /&-i &l/ehi/ &+&u e+on ,en%%un&&n ili/

'hos'oniu,. Ili/ &/&l&h %olon%&n sen*&& &-)&nioni/ /i,&n& ,u&+&n

ne%&+i>e ?0@ /i,&n+&'&n oleh se)u&h he+e-o&+o, *&n% )e-/&,'in%&n /&n

)e-,u&+&n ?@. Me&nis,e -e&si ini &/&l&h:

!u)s+i+usi nuleo8ili ?!N2@ /&-i &l*l h&li/e /en%&n 'hos'in +e-sie-

se'e-+i +-i'enil'os'in ?nule'8il u&+7 su&+u )&s& le,&h@.

e-l&u&n /en%&n )&s& u&+ se'e-+i n0)u+illi+iu,

?H3H2H2H2Li@7 *&i+u su&+u -e&si /i,&n& '-o/u &n+&-& /&-i

'os'oniu, ,en%eli,in&si '-o+on /&-i ili/ Me+il h&li/&7 &lil h&li/&

'-i,e-7 &l*l h&li/e seun/e- /&'&+ /i%un&&n /&l&, -e&si i++i% ini.

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R R R R

# ?"H@3 ?"H@3#

R R R R

Al/ehi/ &+&u e+on Yli/ hos'oniu, Alen& T-i'enil'os'in osi/&

4@ Dehi/-&si &lohol

Alen& /&'&+ /i'e-oleh /&-i /ehi/-&si &l6ohol7 *&i+u su&+u -e&si 'en%hil&n%&n &i-. Al6ohol '-i,e-7 seun/e-7 ,&u'un +e-sie- /&'&+

/il&u&n /ehi/-&si sehin%%& ,en%h&sil&n &len&. Dihi/-&si sil&u&n

/en%&n &/&n*& &s&, sul8&+ ,&u'un &s&, u&+ l&inn*&. Dehi/-&si &l6ohol

seun/e- /&n &l6ohol +e-sie- ,en%iu+i -e&si E1

?H3@3#H H2!#4 ?H3@2H2 H2#

"99

+0)u+il &lohol ,e+&l '-o'en& ?iso)u+ilen&@

H3@2H2 H2!#4 H3H2 H2#

1999

2 '-o'&nol '-o'en& ?'-o'ilen&@

H3H2#H H2!#4 H2H2 H2#

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Hi/-o%en&si &lun& ,e-u'&&n -e/usi i&+&n 'hi /&n &/isi &+o,

+e-h&/&',oleul. A/& 2 e,un%in&n &/isi &+o, +e-se)u+ *&i+u: &/isi sin

?6is@ /&n &n+i ?+-&ns@. ;i& &+o, /i+&,)&h&n '&/& sisi *&n% s&,& /&-o

,oleul7 &/isi +e-se)u+ /ise)u+ /en%&n &/isi sin. !e/&n%&n &'&)il& &/isi

/i+&,)&h&n '&/& sisi *&n% )e-l&&n&n7 ,&& +e-(&/i &/isi &n+i.

2.' REAKSI(REAKSI PADA ALKENA

1. Re&si &/isi

Re&si0-e&si 'en+in% *&n% +e-(&/i se,u&n*& )e-'us&+ /i sei+&-

i&+&n -&n%&'. Bi&s&n*&7 i&+&n 'i +e-'u+us /&n ele+-on0ele+-on /&-i

i&+&n ini /i%un&&n un+u ,en%%&)un%&n /u& &+o, &-)on /en%&n

*&n% l&inn*&. Alen& ,en%&l&,i reaksi adisi .

!e)&%&i 6on+oh7 /en%&n ,en%%un&&n se)u& ,oleul u,u, 0Y

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Ele+-on0ele+-on *&n% &%& +e-es'os /&l&, i&+&n 'i &&n +e-)u&

)&%i se-&n%&n sesu&+u *&n% ,e,)&& ,u&+&n 'osi+i8. Ele+-on ini

/ise)u+ se)&%&i elektrofil .

Be)e-&'& (enis -e&si &/isi *&i+u:

• A/isi hi/-o%en /&n H&lo%en ? Hi/-o%en&si &n/ H&lo%en&si @

I&+&n 'i /&-i &len& &&n +e-'e6&h /&-i ,&sin%0,&sin%

'&s&n%&n ele+onn*& &&n ,e,)en+u i&+&n si%,& *&n% )&-u

?&+o, &-)on s'2 &&n +e-hi)-i/is&si ,e,)en+u &+o, &-)on s'3 @.

Hi/-o%en&si &len& /en%n& &+&lis &&n ,en%h&sil&n &l&&n&

Re&si Hi/-o%en&si &/&l&h se)&%&i )e-iu+:

H3H H2 H2 Pt → H3H2H3

H&lo%en&si &len& &&n ,en%h&sil&nn /ih&lo&l&n&

Re&si H&lo%en&si &/&l&h se)&%&i )e-iu+:

R 2 HR 2 AlCl3

→ R 2 HR

en&,)&h&n )-o, '&/& sen*&& )e-i&+&n -&n%&'

/il&u&n se)%&i s&l&h s&+u i/en+i8i&si &/&n*& i&+&n -&n%&'.

Re&si /il&u&n /en%&n ,en%%un&&n l&-u+&n )-o,in '&/& l4.

A/&n*& i&+&n -&n%&' /i+u(u&n /en%&n hil&n%n*& &-n& 6ol&+

/&-i )-o,.

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-oses -e&sin*& &/&l&h se)&%&i )e-iu+:

• A/isi H&li/& Hi/-o%en ?Hi/-oh&le%en&si@

Hi/-o%en h&li/& &&n /i+&,)&h&n '&/& i&+&n 'i &len&

,e,)en+u &lil h&li/&. Re&si ini ,e-u'&&n &/isi ele+-o8ili.

Re&si A/isi H&li/& Hi/-o%en &/&l&h se)&%&i )e-iu+:

H2 H2 H H3H2

E+ilen& e+il h&li/&

;i& su&+u &len& &/&l&h &len& &si,e+-is ?%u%us +e-i&+

'&/& /u& &-)on s'3 *&n% )e-)e/&@7 ,&& e,un%in&n &&n

+e-)en+u 2 '-o/u *&n% )e-)e/& /en%&n &/&n*& &/isi H.

H3

H3H HH3 H3H H2

Alen& si,e+-is Alen& &si,e+-is

Mo$ek)$ #s*e+!*k

!e)u&h ,oleul se'e-+i lo-o8o-, ?Hl3@ &/&l&h )en+u

+e+-&he/-&l /&n h&n*& &/& s&+u 6&-& *&n% 6o6o /en%&n &+o,

)e-s&,&. H&l ini +i/& +e-(&/i un+u se)u&h ,oleul se'e-+i &s&,

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l&+&+. A/& /u& 6&-& ,e,)u&+ ,o/el &s&, l&+&+7 sehin%%& /u&

s+-u+u- /i'e-oleh nonsu'e-i,'os&)le /&n +i/& /&'&+ s&lin%

/ion>e-si&n +&n'& ,e,e6&h i&+&n o>&len. Den%&n /e,ii&n7

,e-e& )e-+in/& se)&%&i /u& ,oleul *&n% )e-)e/& *&n%

,e-u'&&n iso,e- on8i%u-&si. e-)e/&&n &n+&-& /u& ,oleul

,un%in +e-le+& '&/& 6&-& su)s+i+uen *&n% ,ele&+ '&/& &-)on

'us&+. H&l ini /&'&+ /i-e'-esen+&si&n oleh %&,)&- )e-iu+ ?G&,)&-

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K#!,o% -)s#+ #s*e+!*

!e)u&h ,e+o/e se/e-h&n& un+u ,en%i/en+i8i&si ,oleul

i-&l *&n% '&lin% ,eli)&+&n i/en+i8i&si *&n% /ien&l se)&%&i

&-)on 'us&+ &si,e+-is. Ini )ee-(& un+u ,oleul i-&l )es&-7

+e+&'i 'en+in% un+u ,en*&/&-i )&h& i+u +i/& se,u&n*& /&n &/&

)e)e-&'& &sus /i ,&n& i& +i/& &&n sesu&iJ6o6o. !e)&%&i 6on+oh7

)e)e-&'& ,oleul i-&l ,e,ilii &-)on 'us&+ &si,e+-is7 /&n

)e)e-&'& ,oleul ,e,ilii le)ih /&-i s&+u &-)on 'us&+ &si,e+-i

+i/& i-&l. Bi&s&n*&7 su&+u sen*&& &&n ,e,ilii iso,e- o'+i

(i& &/& e,'&+ su)s+i+uen *&n% )e-)e/&

*&n% ,ele&+ '&/& &-)on 'us&+. D&l&, &sus +e-se)u+7 %&,)&-

6e-,in &/&l&h nonsu'e-i,'os&)le /&n s+-u+u- &&n &/& /u& iso,e-

on8i%u-&si /ise)u+ *&n% e,u/i&n /ise)u+ en&n+io,e-. us&+

&-)on *&n% ,en%&n/un% e,'&+ su)s+i+uen )e-)e/& ini /ien&l

se)&%&i s+e-eo%eni &+&u 'us&+ &si,e+-is.

!e)u&h solusi /&-i ,&sin%0,&sin% en&n+io,e- &+&u iso,e-

o'+i ,&,'u ,e,u+&- )i/&n% 6&h&*& +e-'ol&-is&si. !&+u

en&nsio,e- &&n ,e,u+&- )i/&n% 6&h&*& +e-'ol&-is&si se&-&h (&-u,

(&, se,en+&-& *&n% l&in ?)&*&n%&n 6e-,in@ &&n ,e,u+&-

)e-l&&n&n &-&h (&-u, (&, /en%&n (u,l&h *&n% s&,&. &,'u-&n

/&-i /u& iso,e- ?& -&6e,&+e@ +i/& &&n ,e,u+&- )i/&n% 6&h&*&

+e-'ol&-is&si s&,& se&li. D&l&, se,u& l&in h&l7 /u& iso,e- &/&l&h

i/en+i /&n &-en& i+u si8&+ 8isi /&n i,i& +i/& )is& /i)e/&&n.

us&+ &si,e+-is /&l&, ,oleul /i+&,'il&n +el&h /ii/en+i8i&si

/en%&n +&n/& )in+&n%. !+-u+u- *&n% +i/& ,e,ilii 'us&+ &si,e+-is

/&-i si,e+-is &+&u &i-&l /&n +i/& ,e,ilii iso,e- o'+i. !e)u&h

s+-u+u- /&'&+ (u%& ,e,ilii le)ih /&-i s&+u 'us&+ &si,e+-is.

14


18/35

E,'&+ su)s+i+uen )e-)e/& &s&, l&+&+.

i-&l /&n &i-&l s+-u+u-: ?&@ i-&l7 ?)@ &i-&l ?6@ i-&l.

us&+ &si,e+-is h&n*& ,un%in '&/& &-)on s'3. !e)u&h 'us&+ s'2

&/&l&h 'l&n&- /&n +i/& )is& &si,e+-is. De,ii&n 'ul&7 se)u&h

'us&+ s' +i/& /&'&+ &si,e+-is.

H l

Alen& si,e+-is : H3H HH3 HCl

→ H3H

HH3

20)u+en& 20lo-o)u+en&

Alen& &si,e+-is :

H3H H2l lo-o'-o'&n&

H3H H2 HCl→ l

H3H H3 lo-o'-o'&n&

M&-onio> ,en%e,u&&n su&+u +eo-i un+u ,en%e+&hui

'&/& -&n+&i &-)on *&n% ,&n& &+o, H &&n +e-i&+. Menu-u+

15


19/35

M&-onio>7 /&l&, &/isi H '&/& &len& &si,e+-is7 H /&-i H

&&n ,en*e-&n% i&+&n -&n%&' &-)on *&n% ,e,'un*&i (u,l&h

&+o, H +e-)&n*&. Den%&n &+u-&n M&-onio> +e-se)u+7 ,&&

'-o/u *&n% &&n +e-)en+u /&'&+ /i'-e/isi7 se'e-+i '&/& 6on+oh

)e-iu+ ini

Lo&si &+o, H l

H3H H2 HCl

→ H3H H3

20lo-o'-o'&n&

Lo&si &+o, H

H3

H3 HCl→

l

A/isi &s&, h&lo%en /&'&+ ,en%iu+i &+u-&n M&-onio>

&'&)il& )e-&/& /&l&, on/isi +&n'& &/&n*& 'e-osi/& /&n

)e-l&n%sun%.

A"*s* -#"# #$ke%#(#$ke%# s*e+!*s

F#k+#(#k+#

!e,u& &len& ,en%&l&,i -e&si &/isi /en%&n h&li/&0h&li/&

hi/-o%en. !e)u&h &+o, hi/-o%en +e-i&+ '&/& s&l&h s&+u &+o,

&-)on *&n% '&/& &&ln*& )e-i&+&n -&n%&'7 /&n se)u&h &+o,

h&lo%en +e-i&+ '&/& &+o, &-)on l&inn*&.

16


20/35

!e)&%&i 6on+oh7 /en%&n e+en& /&n hi/-o%en lo-i/&7 &&n

+e-)en+u lo-oe+&n&: Bu+020en& /en%&n hi/-o%en lo-i/& &&n

,en%h&sil&n 20lo-o)u+&n&. ;i& hi/-o%en /i&/isi e &+o, &-)on

'&/& u(un% se)el&h &n&n i&+&n -&n%&'7 /&n lo-in /i&/isi e

&+o, &-)on '&/& u(un% se)el&h i-i7 h&sil -e&si *&n% +e-)en+u

,&sih s&,&7 *&i+u 20lo-o)u+&n&. lo-in &&n +e-i&+ '&/& &+o,

&-)on se+el&h u(un% -&n+&i C ,oleul h&n*& +e-'u+&- /i,&n&

hi/-o%en /&n lo-in ,ene,'&+i u(un% *&n% )e-l&in&n. A/&

'e-)e/&&n un+u &len& *&n% +i/& si,e+-is.

Ko%"*s*(ko%"*s*

!en*&&0sen*&& &len& )e-e&si /en%&n hi/-o%en h&li/&

*&n% )e-u(u/ %&s '&/& suhu &,&-. ;i& &len& (u%& ,e-u'&&n

se)u&h %&s7 ,&& e/u& %&s +e-se)u+ )is& )e-6&,'u-. ;i& &len&

)e-u(u/ 6&i-7 ,&& hi/-o%en h&li/& )is& /i%ele,)un%&n ,el&lui

&len& *&n% )e-u(u/ 6&i- +e-se)u+.

!en*&&0sen*&& &len& (u%& &&n )e-e&si /en%&n

l&-u+&n0l&-u+&n %&s *&n% 'e&+ /&l&, &i-. L&-u+&n hi/-o%en lo-i/&

/&l&, &i- &/&l&h &s&, hi/-olo-&+. L&-u+&n hi/-o%en )-o,i/&

/&l&, &i- &/&l&h &s&, hi/-o)-o,&+ C /&n se+e-usn*&.

A&n +e+&'i7 -e&si0-e&si ini se/ii+ -u,i+. Ai- (u%& &&n

+e-li)&+ /&l&, -e&si /&n h&sil -e&si &/&l&h 6&,'u-&n /&-i

)e)e-&'& '-o/u.

L#/) !e#ks*Variasi laju reaksi sesuai jenis halogen

L&(u -&si &&n ,enin%&+ sesu&i /en%&n u-u+&n HF C Hl

C HB- C HI. Hi/-o%en 8luo-i/e )e-e&si (&uh le)ih l&,)&+

/i)&n/in% HF7 HB- /&n HI7 /&n )i&s&n*& /i&)&i&n e+i& i+&

,e,)&h&s +en+&n% -e&si0-e&si ini.

A'&)il& h&li/&0h&li/& hi/-o%en )e-e&si /en%&n sen*&&0

sen*&& &len&7 ,&& i&+&n hi/-o%en0h&lo%en h&-us +e-'u+us.

17


21/35

eu&+&n i&+&n &&n ,enu-un se,&in e )&&h ,ul&i /&-i HF

s&,'&i HI7 /&n i&+&n hi/-o%en08luo-ine 6uu' u&+. &-en& i&+&n

&n+&-& hi/-o%en /&n 8luo-ine suli+ /i'u+us7 ,&& &/isi HF &&n

)e-l&n%sun% l&,)&+.

Variasi laju reaksi sesuai jenis alkena

$&-i&si ini )e-l&u )&i )&%i &len& +&0si,e+-is ,&u'un

&len& si,e+-is. Un+u ,e,u/&h&n7 )e-iu+ ini h&n*& /i)e-i&n

6on+oh06on+oh /&-i &len& si,e+-is.

L&(u -e&si ,enin%&+ sei-in% /en%&n )e-+&,)&h

o,'lesn*& ,oleul &len&7 *&ni )e-+&,)&h )es&- /&l&, &-+i

(u,l&h %u%us &lil ?se'e-+i %u%us ,e+il@ *&n% +e-i&+ '&/& &+o,

&-)on /i e/u& u(un% i&+&n -&n%&'.

Alen& )e-e&si &-en& ele+-on0ele+-on /&l&, i&+&n 'i

,en&-i sesu&+u *&n% ,e,ilii ,u&+&n 'osi+i8. A'&'un *&n% /&'&+

,enin%&+&n e'&/&+&n ele+-on /i sei+&- i&+&n -&n%&' &&n

,e,)&n+u /&*& +&-i ele+-on0ele+-on /&l&, i&+&n 'i +e-se)u+.

Gu%us0%u%us &lil ,e,ilii e6en/e-un%&n un+u

,ene&n ele+-on0ele+-on &%&- ,en(&uh /&-in*& ,enu(u e

i&+&n -&n%&'. !e,&in )&n*& %u%us &lil7 se,&in ne%&+i8

/&e-&h /i sei+&- i&+&n0i&+&n -&n%&' +e-se)u+. !e,&in

)e-,u&+&n ne%&+i8 /&e-&h /i sei+&- i&+&n -&n%&'7 ,&& se,&in

u&+ /&*& +&-in*& +e-h&/&' ,oleul0,oleul se'e-+i hi/-o%en

lo-i/&. Mesi /e,ii&n7 &l&s&n *&n% le)ih 'en+in% +en+&n%

,enin%&+n*& e-e&+i8&n +e-le+& '&/& es+&)il&n ion in+e-,e/ie+

*&n% +e-)en+u sel&,& -e&si )e-l&n%sun%.es+&)il&n ion0ion

in+e-,e/ie+ ini ,e,'en%&-uhi ene-%i &+i>&si -e&si. !e,&in

o,'les &len&7 ene-%i &+i>&si -e&si se,&in )e-u-&n%. Ini

)e-&-+i )&h& -e&si &&n )e-l&n%sun% le)ih 6e'&+.

A"*s* -#"# #$ke%#(#$ke%# +*"#k s*e+!*s

F#k+#(#k+#

18


22/35

D&-i se%i on/isi0on/isi -e&si /&n 8&+o-08&+o- *&n%

,e,'en%&-uhi l&(u -e&si7 +i/& &/& 'e-)e/&&n &n+&-& &len& +&0

si,e+-is /en%&n &len& si,e+-is *&n% +el&h /i(el&s&n /i &+&s. Y&n%

,en(&/i 'e-,&s&l&h&n '&/& &len&0&len& +i/& si,e+-is &/&l&h

o-ien+&si &/isi C /en%&n &+& l&in7 &+o, &-)on ,&n& /&-i i&+&n

-&n%&' *&n% /i,&sui oleh hi/-o%en /&n h&lo%en.

O!*e%+#s* #"*s*

;i& Hl /i&/isi '&/& &len& +i/& si,e+-is se'e-+i '-o'en&7

&/& /u& e,un%in&n 6&-& &/isi *&n% )is& +e-(&/i. A&n +e+&'i7

)i&s&*& h&n*& +e-/&'&+ s&+u '-o/u u+&,&.

Ini se(&l&n /en%&n Kaidah Markovnikov *&n% ,en%&+&&n

)&h&: A'&)il& se)u&h sen*&& H /i&/isi '&/& se)u&h &len&

+i/& si,e+-is7 ,&& hi/-o%en &&n +e-i&+ '&/& &+o, &-)on *&n%

se)elu,n*& ,e,ilii '&lin% )&n*& &+o, hi/-o%en.

D&l&, h&l ini7 hi/-o%en +e-i&+ '&/& %u%us H27 &-en&

%u%us H2 ,e,ilii le)ih )&n*& hi/-o%en /i)&n/in% %u%us H.

e-lu /i'e-h&+i&n )&h& h&n*& hi/-o%en *&n% +e-i&+

l&n%sun% '&/& &+o, &-)on i&+&n -&n%&' *&n% /ihi+un%.

Hi/-o%en *&n% +e-/&'&+ '&/& %u%us H3 +i/& /i&n%%&'.

Pe%e)#$*#% )%+)k *"!oe% ,!o*"#

Be-)e/& /en%&n h&li/&0h&li/& hi/-o%en *&n% l&in7 hi/-o%en

)-o,i/& )is& /i&/isi e se)u&h i&+&n &-)on0&-)on -&n%&' )&i

'&/& u(un% *&n% s&+u ,&u'un '&/& u(un% *&n% l&in C +e-%&n+un%

'&/& on/isi0on/isi -e&si.

Adisi hidrogen bromida murni pada alkena murni

A'&)il& hi/-o%en )-o,i/& /&n &len& s&,&0s&,& ,u-ni7

hi/-o%en )-o,i/& &&n ,&su e &-)on i&+&n -&n%&' ,enu-u+

&i/&h M&-o>nio>. !e)&%&i 6on+oh7 /en%&n '-o'en& &&n

/i'e-oleh 20)-o,o'-o'&n&.

H&li/&0h&li/& hi/-o%en *&n% l&in ,en%&l&,i &/isi /en%&n

'-o'en& 'e-sis s&,& se'e-+i ,e&nis,e /i &+&s.

19


23/35

Adisi hidrogen bromida yang mengandung peroksida organik

pada alkena yang mengandung peroksida yang sama

#si%en /&-i u/&-& 6en/e-un% )e-e&si l&,)&+ /en%&n

&len& ,en%h&sil&n )e)e-&'& 'e-osi/& o-%&ni7 sehin%%& /en%&n

sen/i-in*& &&n +e-/&'&+ )e)e-&'& 'e-osi/& o-%&ni /&l&, &len&.

Den%&n /e,ii&n7 -e&si /en%&n osi%en ini &/&l&h -e&si *&n%

6en/e-un% +e-(&/i se)elu, se,u& u/&-& /ielu&-&n /&-i sis+e,.

A'&)il& hi/-o%en )-o,i/& /&n &len& s&,&0s&,&

,en%&n/un% 'e-osi/& o-%&ni /&l&, (u,l&h e6il7 ,&& -e&si

&/isi )e-l&n%sun% /en%&n 6&-& )e-)e/& /&n /ih&sil&n 10

)-o,o'-o'&n& Re&si ini +e-&/&n% /ise)u+ se)&%&i adisi anti-

Markovnikov &+&u efek peroksida.

e-osi/&0'e-osi/& o-%&ni &/&l&h su,)e- -&/i&l )e)&s

*&n% s&n%&+ 'o+ensi&l. Den%&n &/&n*& 'e-osi/& o-%&ni7 hi/-o%en

)-o,i/& &&n )e-e&si /en%&n &len& ,en%%un&&n ,e&nis,e

*&n% )e-)e/& ?le)ih 6e'&+@. &-en& )e-)&%&i 8&+o-7 -e&si ini +i/&

+e-(&/i '&/& h&li/&0h&li/& hi/-o%en *&n% l&in.

Re&si ini (u%& )is& +e-(&/i /en%&n ,e&nis,e ini (i&

+e-/&'&+ sin&- ul+-&>iole+ /en%&n '&n(&n% %elo,)&n% *&n% +e'&+

un+u ,e,u+us i&+&n hi/-o%en0)-o,i/& ,en(&/i hi/-o%en /&n

-&/i&l )e)&s )-o,in.

• Hi/-o)-o,in&si Alen&

A/isi hi/-o%en h&li/& ,en%%un&&n HB- /&n &/&n*&

'e-osi/& ?R##R@ /ise)u+ hi/-o)-o,in&si /&n &/isi *&n% +e-(&/i

&/&l&h &/isi &n+i M&-onio>. H&l ini /ise)&)&n oleh +e-)en+un*&

-&/i&l B- /&-i HB-. Ion B- ini &&n ,en*e-&n% i&+&n -&n%&'

&+o, &-)on *&n% ,e,'un*&i (u,l&h &+o, H +e-)&n*& /&n

,e,)en+u -&/i&l )e)&s *&n% s+&)il.

Re&si hi/-o)-o,in&si &/&l&h se)&%&i )e-iu+: B-

20


24/35

H3H H2 HB- Peroksida

→ H3 H2 H2

21


25/35

Me&nis,e -e&sin*& &/&l&h se)&%&i )e-iu+:

1. RK#K#KR400−600°C → 2 RK#

2. RK# HKB- RK#KH B-

3. H3H H2 B- H3 H H2

B-

4. H3 H H2 HB- H3 H2 H2 B-

B- B-

• A/isi H2!#4 /&n H2#

A/isi &s&, sul8&+ '&/& &len& &&n ,en%h&sil&n &lil

hi/-o%en sul8&+7 *&n% sel&n(u+n*& &&n /i%un&&n /&l&, sin+esis

&lohol &+&u e+e-

#!#3H

H3H H2 HK#!#3H H3H K H3

20'-o'il hi/-o%en sul8&+

&/& l&-u+&n &s&, u&+ ?se'e-+i l&-u+&n &s&, sul8&+@7 &i-

/i+&,)&h&n '&/& i&+&n -&n%&' un+u ,en%h&sil&n &lohol.

Re&si ini /ise)u+ hi/-osi &len&.

#H

H3H H2 H2# H +¿

→

¿ H3H K H3

22


26/35

-o'en& 20'-o'&nol ?"9@

23


27/35

• Hi/-&si ,en%%un&&n Me-u-i &se+&+

Re&si ,e-u-i &se+&+ H%?#2H3@2 /&n &i- '&/& &len&

/ise)u+ osi,e-u-&si. -o/u osi,e-u-&si )i&s&n*& /i-e/usi

/en%&n N&+-iu, )o-ohi/-i/ ?N&BH4@7 su&+u -&n%&i&n -e&si *&n%

/ise)u+ /e,e-u-&si. Re&si ini +e-/i-i /&-i 2 +&h&' -e&si *&i+u

&/isi ele+-o8ili /&-i H%#2#H4 /iiu+i /en%&n se-&n%&n

nuleo8il H2#.

-oses -e&si #si,e-u-&si &/&l&h se)&%&i )e-iu+:

#H

H3H2H2H H2 Hg(O2CCH 3)

→ H3H2H2HH2

10'en+en& H%#2H3

-oses -e&si De,e-u-&si &/&l&h se)&%&i )e-iu+:

#H #H

H3H2H2HH2K H%#2H3 NaBH 4

→ H3H2H2HH3

H%

• A/isi Bo-&n

Di)o-&n ?B2H4@ &/&l&h %&s )e-&6un *&n% /i)u&+ /&-i -e&si

N&+-iu, )o-ohi/-i/ /&n Bo-on +-i8luo-i/& ?3 N&BH4 4 BF3

B2H" 3 N&BF4@. &/& l&-u+&n /ie+il e+e-7 /i)o-&n +e-/isosi&si

,e,)en+u )o-&n ?BH3@. Bo-&n &&n )e-e&si /en%&n &len&

,e,)en+u o-%&no)o-&n ?R 2B@. Re&si ini +e-i/-i /&-i 3 l&n%&

-e&si. D&l&, ,&sin%0,&sin% +&h&'7 s&+u %u%us &lil /i+&,)&h&n

24


28/35

/&l&, )o-&n s&,'&i se,u& &+o, hi/-o%en +el&h /i%&n+i&n oleh

%u%us &lil. Re&si ini /ise)u+ hi/-o)o-&si.

Me&nis,e -e&sin*& &/&l&h se)&%&i )e-iu+:

T&h&' 1

H BH2

H2 H2 B C H H3 K H2

T&h&' 2

H2 H2 H3H2BH2 ?H3H2@2BH

T&h&' 3

H2 H2 ?H3H2@2BH ?H3H2@2B T-ie+il )o-&n

#-%&no)o-&n sel&n(u+n*& &&n /iosi/&si ,en(&/i &lohol

/en%&n hi/-o%en 'e-osi/& /&l&, l&-u+&n )&s&.

2. Re&si #si/&si

Alen& /&'&+ /iosi/&si ,en(&/i )e-)&%&i ,&6&, '-o/u7

+e-%&n+un% /&-i 'e-e&si *&n% /i%un&&n. !e6&-& u,u,7 -e&si

i&+&n7 -&n%&' &-)on C &-)on )is& /il&si8i&si&n ,en(&/i :

1. #si/&si i&+&n 'i +&n'& 'e,e6&h&n i&+&n si%,& ?i&+&n C @

-o/u -e&si ini )is& )e-u'& 172 /iol &+&u e'osi/&7 +e-%&n+un%

/&-i 'e-e&si *&n% /i%un&&n. !e6&-& u,u,7 -e&si i&+&n

-&n%&' &-)on0&-)on )is& /il&si8i&si&n ,en(&/i:

25


29/35

# #H #H

[O ]→ C &+&u K C K

δ E'osi/& 1720/iol &+&u %liol

Re&si &len& /en%&n &s&, 'e-osi&-)osil&+ ?R#3H

&+&u A-#3H@ )e-u'& &s&, 'e-osi)enOo&+ ? "H#3H @ /&n , C

lo-o'e-osi)enOen& /&l&, 'el&-u+ Hl3 &+&u l4 &&n

,en%h&sil&n e'osi/& &+&u osi-&n.

A'&)il& silo&l&n& /i-e&si&n /en%&n #s# &+&u l&-u+&n Mn#4

/in%in &&n ,en%h&sil&n 172 /iol.

H2 MnO4

→ H2KH2n

OH → H2KH2 Mn#2

e+ilen& # # #H #H

Mn 1720e+&n&/iol

# #

Re&si /en%&n 'e-,&n%&n&+ /in%in /ise)u+ Baeyer

Test,*&i+u -e&si un+u

26


30/35

,en%e+&hui &/& +i/&n*& i&+&n -&n%&'.A/&n*& i&+&n

-&n%&' /i+un(u&n /en%&n hl&n%n*& &-n& un%u /&-i Mn#4 .

e-e&si *&n% u,u, /i%un&&n un+u ,en%u)&h &len& ,en(&/i

172 /iol /en%&n *iel/ *&n% +in%%i &/&l&h #s,oniu, +e+-&osi/&

/iiu+i /en%&n -e/usi ,en%%un&&n 'e-e&si N&2!#3 &+&u

N&H!#3.

H H H

#!#4 N&2!#3 #s

!ilohes&n& # # #H

#s # #H

# 6is C 172 0 silo'en+&n&/iol

2. #si/&si i&+&n 'i /iiu+i 'e,e6&h&n i&+&n si%,&

A'&)il& osi/&si i&+&n 'i /ise-+&i /en%&n 'e,e6&h&n i&+&n

sigma, ,&& &&n /ih&sil&n e+on7 &s&, &-)osil&+7 ,&u'un

&l/ehi/.

;i& ,&sin% C ,&sin% &-)on &len& +i/& +e-i&+ /en%&n &+o,

hi/-o%en ,&& osi/&si &&n ,en%h&sil&n e+on.

H3 H3 H3 H3

P#Q # #

H3 H3 H3 H3

e+on

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Resi e/u& oOonolis &/&l&h osi/&si &+&u -e/usi /&-i oOoni/&.

;i& oOoni/& ,en%&l&,i -e/usi7 s&l&h s&+u &-)on +e-su)s+i+usi

/&-i &len& &&n ,e,e)en+u &l/ehi/. !e)&lin*& (i& +e-(&/i

osi/&si7 &&n +e-)en+u &s&, &-)osil&+.

#si/&si:

Re/usi:

2.5 FUNGSI ALKENA

&. E+en& /i%un&&n +e-u+&,& se)&%&i sen*&& &n+&-& '&/& '-o/usi sen*&&

i,i& l&in se'e-+i 'l&s+i. E+en& (u%& /i)en+u se6&-& &l&,i oleh +u,)uh&n

/&n )e-'e-&n se)&%&i ho-,on. I& /ie+&hui +e-u+&,& ,e-&n%s&n%

'e,&+&n%&n )u&h /&n 'e,)u&&n un6u' )un%&.

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). Alen& )&n*& /i%un&&n se)&%&i )&h&n )&u un+u 'e,)u&+&n sen*&&

o-%&ni /i in/us+-i7 se'e-+i in/us+-i 'l&s+i7 8&-,&si7 /&n inse+isi/&.

Be-iu+ )e)e-&'& 6on+ohn*&.

1. E+en&

E+en& &/&l&h )&h&n )&u 'e,)u&+&n 'olie+en& /&n sen*&& o-%&ni

in+e-,e/ie+ ?'-o/u &n+&-&@ se'e-+i lo-oe+en& ?>inil lo-i/&@ /&n

s+i-en&.

2. -o'en&

-o'en& /i%un&&n un+u ,e,)u&+ 'oli'-o'en&7 su&+u 'oli,e- un+u

,e,)u&+ se-&+ sin+e+is7 ,&+e-i 'en%e'&&n7 /&n 'e-&l&+&n ,e,&s&.

3. Bu+&/ien&Bu+&/ien& &/&l&h s&l&h s&+u &l&/ien&7 *&n% ,el&lui -e&si 'oli,e-is&si

&&n ,e,)en+u 'oli)u+&/ien& ?&-e+ sin+esis@. oli)ui+&/ien& ,u-ni

)e-si8&+ len%e+ /&n le,&h sehin%%& /i%un&&n se)&%&i o,'onen

&/hesi8 /&n se,en. A%&- le)ih u&+ /&n el&s+is7 'oli)u+&/ien&

/i'&n&s&n /en%&n )ele-&n% ,el&lui '-oses >ul&nisi-. R&n+&i0-&n+&i

'oli)u+&/ien& &&n )e-%&)un% ,el&lui -&n+&i )ele-&n%. !e+el&h i+u7 O&+

i,i& se'e-+i &-)on /&n 'i%,en /i+&,)&h&n un+u ,e,'e-oleh

&-&+e-is+i *&n% /iin%in&n.

e-,&s&l&h&n *&n% +i,)ul :

1. Hi/-o&-)on +& (enuhJ+& +e-s&+u-&si &/&l&h hi/-o&-)on *&n% ,e,ilii

s&+u &+&u le)ih i&+&n -&n%&'7 )&i -&n%&' /u& ,&u'un -&n%&' +i%&.

Hi/-o&-)on *&n% ,e,'un*&i i&+&n -&n%&' /u& /ise)u+ /en%&n &len&7

/en%&n -u,us u,u, nH2n. Hi/-o&-)on *&n% ,e,'un*&i i&+&n -&n%&'

+i%& /ise)u+ &lun&7 /en%&n -u,us u,u, nH2n-2.

2. A!o#+*s*+#s &/&l&h se)u&h si8&+ i,i& /i,&n& se)u&h 6in6in +e-on(u%&si*&n% i&+&nn*& +e-/i-i /&-i i&+&n +i/& (enuh7 '&s&n%&n +un%%&l7 &+&u o-)i+

oson% ,enun(u&n s+&)ili+&s *&n% le)ih u&+ /i)&n/in%&n s+&)ili+&s

se)u&h sis+e, *&n% h&n*& +e-/i-i /&-i on(u%&si.

3. E+e%# &+&u e+*$e%# &/&l&h sen*&& &len& '&lin% se/e-h&n& *&n% +e-/i-i

/&-i e,'&+ &+o, hi/-o%en /&n /u& &+o, &-)on *&n% +e-hu)un%&n oleh

su&+u i&+&n -&n%&'. &-en& i&+&n -&n%&' ini7 e+en& /ise)u+ 'ul&

hidrokarbon tak jenuh &+&u olefin.

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4. &/& +u,)uh&n7 sen*&& e+ilen /i(u,'&i /&l&, )en+u %&s sehin%%&

/ise)u+ (u%& se)&%&i %&s e+ilen. &/& )u&h7 '-oses 'e,)usu&n

,en%elu&-&n %&s ini7 &-en& %&s ini /ih&sil&n oleh +u,)uh&n un+u

,el&u&n '-oses senesens. -oses senesens ,e-u'&&n '-oses 'enu&&n

*&n% i--e>e-si)le ?+i/& /&'&+ e,)&li@7 &hi-n*& ,enu(u 'e,)usu&n.

!el&in e+ilen )e-'e-&n /&l&, 'e,&+&n%&n )u&h7 %&s e+ilen (u%& )e-'e-&n

/&l&, 'en%%u%u-&n /&un.

.

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BAB III

PENUTUP

1.' KESIMPULAN

Be-/&s&-&n isi ,&&l&h /&'&+ /isi,'ul&n :

&. Alen& i&l&h su&+u hi/-o&-)on *&n% ,en%&n/un% su&+u i&+&n

-&n%&' /u& &n+&-& /u& &+o, *&n% )e-u-u+&n.

). Alen& si,e+-is &/&l&h &len& *&n% ,e,ilii se)u&h &+o, hi/-o%en

+e-i&+ '&/& s&l&h s&+u &+o, &-)on *&n% '&/& &&ln*& )e-i&+&n

-&n%&'7 /&n se)u&h &+o, h&lo%en +e-i&+ '&/& &+o, &-)on l&inn*&.

6. Alen& &si,e+-is &/&l&h &len& se'e-+i '-o'en& /i,&n& %u%us0%u%us

&+&u &+o,0&+o, *&n% +e-i&+ '&/& e/u& u(un% i&+&n -&n%&'

+i/& s&,&.

/. &/& &+u-&n M&-o>nio>7 " Ketika sebuah alkena tidak simetris

bereaksi dengan hidrogen halida memberikan alkil halida, hidrogen

menambah karbon dari alkena yang memiliki sejumlah besar

substituen hidrogen, dan halogen ke karbon yang alkena dengan

jumlah lebih sedikit dari substituen hidrogen".

3.2 SARAN

&. Den%&n &/&n*& ,&&l&h ini7 /ih&-&'&n /&'&+ ,e,)&n+u 'e,)&6& /&l&,

,e,&h&,i i,i& o-%&ni +en+&n% &len& si,e+-is /&n &si,e+-is.

). e-lu /i&/&&n 'eneli+i&n /&n 'enulis&n le)ih l&n(u+ ,en%en&i ,&&l&h

ini.

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DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Res'&+i7 I-. 1

Makalah Kimia Organik II 3

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Transcript of Makalah Kimia Organik II 3