KARYA TULIS ILMIAH

PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG DETEKSI DINI TB PARU

Di Dusun Setugu I RT 02 Desa Lembeyan Kulon Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas

Lembeyan Kabupaten Magetan

Oleh:

KARTIKO AJI

NIM 13612538

PRODI D III KEPERAWATAN

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PONOROGO

2016

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PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG DETEKSI DINI TB PARU

Di Dusun Setugu I RT 02 Desa Lembeyan Kulon Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas

Lembeyan Kabupaten Magetan

KARYA TULIS ILMIAH

Diajukan kepada Program Studi D III Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan

Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo

Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Ahli Madya Keperawatan

Oleh:

KARTIKO AJI

NIM 13612538

PRODI D III KEPERAWATAN

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PONOROGO

2016

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ABSTRACT

KNOWLEDGE OF SOCIETY ABOUT EARLY DETECTION OF TB

PULMONARY IN SETUGU SUB-VILLAGE I RT 02 RW 01 LEMBEYAN KULON

VILLAGE LEMBEYAN SUB-DISTRICT MAGETAN DISTRICT

By: Kartiko Aji

Early detection of TB pulmonary is needed to eradicate the disease of TB

Pulmonary, but many people do not understand about the early detection of TB

pulmonary. This study aims to determine how the public knowledge about the

early detection of TB pulmonary in Puskesmas Lembeyan Magetan District

This study used a descriptive design. techniques Data collection using

total sampling method. The population of the entire people in the sub-village

Setugu I, RT 02 RW 01 Lembeyan Kulon village Lembeyan Subdistrict, Magetan

districtamount 44 KK. Collecting data using questionnaires for the next tabulated

and analyzed using a percentage formula and described

Based on the results of the study showed that 44 respondents the most of

as many as 24 respondents (55%) are knowledgeable enough, nearly half of 12

respondents (27%) have a good knowledge and a small portion 8 of respondents

(18%) have less knowledge about the TB pulmonary early detection.

Based on the results of the study are expected health workers can provide

the right information to the public about early detection of TB pulmonary and

provide other support media so that public knowledge increases. Expected next

researcher to conduct research on the early detection of TB pulmonary disease by

people with a larger number of samples.

Keywords: Science, Society, Early Detection of TB pulmonary

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ABSTRAK

PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG DETEKSI DINI TB PARU DI

DUSUN SETUGU I RT 02 RW 01 DESA LEMBEYAN KULON

KECAMATAN LEMBEYAN KABUPATEN MAGETAN

Oleh: Kartiko Aji

Deteksi Dini TB Paru sangat diperlukan untuk memberantas penyakit TB

Paru, namun masyarakat banyak yang belum mengerti tentang deteksi dini TB

Paru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengetahuan

masyarakat tentang deteksi dini TB Paru di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Lembeyan

Kabupaten Magetan.

Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif. Teknik pengambilan data

dengan menggunakan metode Total Sampling. Populasi seluruh masyarakat di

Dusun Setugu I, RT 02 Desa Lembeyan Kulon Kecamatan Lembeyan, Kabupaten

Magetan sejumlah 44 KK. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner untuk

selanjutnya ditabulasi dan dianalisa menggunakan rumus prosentase dan

dideskripsikan.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 44 responden

sebagian besar sebanyak 24 responden (55%) memiliki pengetahuan cukup,

hampir setengahnya 12 responden (27%) memiliki pengetahuan baik dan sebagian

kecil 8 responden (18%) memiliki pengetahuan kurang tentang deteksi dini TB

Paru.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diharapkan petugas kesehatan bisa

memberikan informasi yang tepat kepada masyarakat tentang deteksi dini TB Paru

dan memberikan media lain yang mendukung sehingga pengetahuan masyarakat

bertambah. Diharapkan peneliti selanjutnya dapat melakukan penelitian mengenai

deteksi dini penyakit TB Paru oleh masyarakat dengan jumlah sampel yang lebih

besar.

Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, Masyarakat, Deteksi Dini TB Paru

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DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN SAMPUL ....................................................................................... i

HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING ................................................. ii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................ iii

PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TULISAN ........................................................ iv

ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ v

ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... vi

KATA PENGANTAR ..................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... xiii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................... xiv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................. 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................ 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................... 5

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................. 5

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................... 5

1.4.1 Manfaat Teoritis .................................................................... 5

1.4.2 Manfaat Praktis ..................................................................... 5

1.5 Keaslian Penelitian .......................................................................... 6

BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ........................................................................ 8

2.1 Konsep Pengetahuan ....................................................................... 8

2.1.1 Definisi Pengetahuan............................................................. 8

2.1.2 Proses Perilaku “Tahu” ......................................................... 8

2.1.3 Faktor-faktor Mempengaruhi Pengetahuan ........................... 9

2.1.4 Kriteria Tingkat Pengetahuan.............................................. 10

2.2 Konsep Masyarakat ....................................................................... 11

2.2.1 Definisi Masyarakat ............................................................ 11

2.2.2 Karakteristik Masyarakat .................................................... 12

2.2.3 Ciri-ciri Masyarakat Sehat .................................................. 12

2.2.4 Indikator Berhubungan dengan Derajat Kesehatan ............. 13

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2.2.5 Faktor Penyebab Masalah Kesehatan Masyarakat .............. 15

2.2.6 Strategi & Pembangunan Kesehatan ................................... 16

2.2.7 Peran dan Kegiatan Masyarakat .......................................... 18

2.3 Konsep Deteksi Dini TB Paru ....................................................... 17

2.3.1 Deteksi Dini......................................................................... 18

2.3.2 Pengertian TB Paru ............................................................. 19

2.3.3 Etiologi ................................................................................ 19

2.3.4 Cara Penularan .................................................................... 20

2.3.5 Resiko Penyakit TB Paru .................................................... 21

2.3.6 Tanda dan Gejala ................................................................. 25

2.3.7 Strategi Penemuan ............................................................... 27

2.3.8 Pemeriksaan Penunjang....................................................... 29

2.3.9 Pengobatan .......................................................................... 32

2.3.10 Penanggulangan TB Paru ................................................... 33

2.3.11 Alur Diagnosis dan Tindak Lanjut TB Paru....................... 36

2.4 Kerangka Konsep .......................................................................... 38

BAB 3 METODE PENELITIAN..................................................................... 39

3.1 Desain Penelitian ........................................................................... 39

3.2 Kerangka Kerja ............................................................................. 40

3.3 Variabel Penelitian ........................................................................ 41

3.4 Definisi Operasional ...................................................................... 41

3.5 Sampling Desain ........................................................................... 42

3.5.1 Populasi ............................................................................... 42

3.5.2 Sampel ................................................................................. 43

3.5.3 Besar Sampel ....................................................................... 43

3.5.4 Sampling.............................................................................. 43

3.6 Pengumpulan Data & Analisa Data .............................................. 44

3.6.1 Pengumpulan Data .............................................................. 44

3.6.2 Instrumen Penelitian ............................................................ 45

3.6.3 Waktu & Tempat Penelitian ................................................ 46

3.6.4 Analisa Data ........................................................................ 47

3.7 Etika Penelitian ............................................................................. 49

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BAB 4 HASIL PENELITAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .................................... 51

4.1 Karakteristik Lokasi Penelitian .................................................... 51

4.2 Keterbatasan Penelitian ................................................................ 52

4.3 Hasil Penelitian ............................................................................ 53

4.3.1 Data Umum ....................................................................... 53

4.3.2 Data Khusus ...................................................................... 59

4.4 Pembahasan .................................................................................. 60

BAB 5 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ........................................................... 65

5.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................... 65

5.2 Saran ............................................................................................. 65

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 67

LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................................... 69

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1

Peran dan Kegiatan Masyarakat dalam Pengendalian TB Paru….. 18

Tabel 2.2 Obat Anti Tuberkulosis…………………………………………... 33

Tabel 2.3 Kisaran Dosis OAT bagi Pasien Dewasa………………………… 33

Tabel 3.1 Definisi Operasioanl Pengetahuan Masyarakat tentang Deteksi

Dini TB Paru……………………………………………………...

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Tabel 4.1 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Umur ……………………. 53

Tabel 4.2 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Agama …………….……. 54

Tabel 4.3 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin…………… 54

Tabel 4.4 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Status Perkawinan………. 55

Tabel 4.5 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Pendidikan………………. 55

Tabel 4.6 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Pekerjaan………………... 56

Tabel 4.7 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Penghasilan……………… 56

Tabel 4.8 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Adakah Anggota Keluarga

yang Menderita TB Paru……………………………………….....

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Tabel 4.9 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Apakah tinggal 1 Rumah

dengan Penderita TB Paru………………………………………..

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Tabel 4.10 Karakteritik Responden Berdasarkan Pernah Mendapatkan

Informasi………………………………………………………….

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Tabel 4.11 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Sumber Informasi………. 59

Tabel 4.12 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Pengetahuan Masyarakat

tentang Deteksi Dini TB Paru…………………………………….

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Alur Diagnosis dan Tindak Lanjut TB Paru................................. 36

Gambar 2.2 Kerangka Konsep Pengetahuan Masyarakat tentang Deteksi

Dini TB Paru ................................................................................ 38

Gambar 3.1 Kerangka Kerja Pengetahuan Masyarakat tentang Deteksi

Dini TB Paru ................................................................................ 42

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Lembar Permohonan Menjadi Responden ................................... 69

Lampiran 2 Lembar Persetujuan Menjadi Responden ..................................... 70

Lampiran 3 Kisi-kisi Kuesioner ....................................................................... 71

Lampiran 4 Instrumen Penelitian ..................................................................... 72

Lampiran 5 Surat Ijin Pengambilan Data Dan Ijin Penelitian.......................... 78

Lampiran 6 Kegiatan Bimbingan KTI ............................................................. 91