CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING · TI-1101 Pengantar Teknik Industri - Conceptual...

Departemen Teknik Industri

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

TI-1101 Pengantar Teknik Industri -Conceptual Framework

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SasaranMampu mengidentifikasikan perbedaan

dan persamaan antara Science, Engineering dan Industrial Engineering

baik yang terkait dengan obyeknya, metoda analisis dan sinthesis, output,

ukuran kinerja dan validitas sertaprofesinya


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Materi

• Linkage Between Science, Engineering and Industrial Engineering

• History, Scope and Framework of Engineering

• History, Scope and Framework of Industrial Engineering


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Linkage Science Engineering And Industrial Engineering


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Sasaran

Memahami keterkaitan dan karakteristikScience, Engineering dan Industrial Engineering serta persamaan dan

perbedaannya


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Engineering

Science Industrial Engineering

Object : Natural System Artificial System Integrated SystemPhenomena : Determistic Det./Probabilistic Prob/UncertaintyOutput : Theory/Knowledge Product/service Value AddedPerformance : Truth Benefit EfficiencyValidity : Absolute Relative ContextualStart : Curiosity Need/Problem Need/ProblemProfession : Scientist Engineer Industrial Engineer


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SciencePrime objective: increase knowledge of

natural system

Research(Scientific Method)• Formulate Hypothesis• Execute Experiment

• Analyze Result• Generalize Hypothesis Theory/Law

(New Knowledge)• Publish the New Knowledge


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Basic Knowledge And Tool

• Basic knowledge» Logic» Creativity

• Tool» Analysis» Synthesis

• Process» Scientific Research


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Types of Research

Basic Research Applied Research- Curiosity - Need/Problem- Theory/Explanation - Product/Service/Method- Neutral - Purposive- Public Domain - Private Domain

Discovery Invention


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HistoryScope and Framework of

ENGINEERING


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Sasaran

Memahami disiplin engineering baik body of knowledge, fungsi dan proses

engineerring maupun sejarah danperkembangannya


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EngineeringPrime objective: use the knowledge to design and

develops usable devices, structure and processesfor better human life

Design ProcessIdentification of Need

Problem DefinitionSearch

ConstraintCriteria

Alternative SolutionAnalysisDecision

SpecificationCommunication


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Basic Knowledge And Tool

• Basic knowledge» Mathematics» Natural Sciences

• Tool» Analysis» Synthesis

• Process» Applied Research» Design


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Basic Engineering Process

Problem (Incl.Outcome)

Decision ( Best Altv.)

Synthesis of Alt.Solution

Analysis(Incld. Exp’tation)

Symptom/Need

Solution, System orMethod


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Problem

Difference

Expectation RealityObjective Achievement


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Characteristic Of Engineer

• Solve Problem• Analyze

• Design System– Creativity– Analysis– Synthesis


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Engineering Function• Research

• Development• Design

• Production &Testing• Construction

• Operation


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Engineering Era

Early ModernEra : Before 1750 - After 1750Knowledge : -Mathematics - Not Only Mathematics &

-Physics Physics* Chemical* Molecular* Social Sciences

Object : Physical System - Not Only Physical System* Life System

Abstract


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Early Engineering Era

• Egyptian Engineering (3200 BC)• Mesopotamian Engineering (2000 BC)

• Greek Engineering (500 BC)• Roman Engineering (320 BC)

• Oriental Engineering• European Engineering


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Early Engineering Era(1)• Egyptian Engineering

3200 BC, Irrigation3000 BC, Pyramids

• Mesopotamian EngineeringSumerians Built City Walls, Temple and Dug Irrigation Canal

Assyrians Invented Weapon Made of Iron2000 BC : Assyrians Invented Cavalry


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Greek Engineering 500-400 BC: Golden Age of Greece ( Art, Philosophy, Science,

Literature, and Government )440 BC : Pericle Built Temple on the Acropolis350 BC : Demetrius Produced the Most Fearsome

War Machine ( Belfry Had 9 Stories, 75 Feet Square at the Base, Stood 150 Feet Tall, Weighed 180 Tons, Pushed by 3400 Soldiers)

270 BC : Ktesibios Designed Water Clock in AlexandriaAristoteles: Mechanika Is the First Engineering TextPlato: Natural LawArchimedes: Archimedes Principle


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Roman Engineering

1200 BC : Central Indirect Housing Heating in Beycesultan, Turkey312 BC : Appian Way( Roma - Capera) First Major Surfaced Road

in Europe40 AD : Claudius Built a Tunnel to Drain Lake Fucius for

Irrigation100 AD : Alexandria Produced Engineering Manuscripts Entitled:

Mechanics, Pneumatics, Siegecraft, Automation-making, The Surveyor’s Transit, and Measurement and Mirrors

97-104 AD : Frontinus Built Roman Aqueduct


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Oriental Engineering 1. China

• Great Wall400 BC : Invented Escapement Mechanisms for Clock105 AD : Paper Was Made in China

1200 AD : Magnetic Needle Was Made

2. India• Ironwork• Jundishapur Was World Science Capital• 700 AD: Indian System of Numbers Was Informed to

Western Civilization


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European Engineering 1286 : Eyeglasses Invented in Europe14 Century : Cannon Was Invented in Germany15 Century : Renaissance1474 : Republic of Venice Developed the First Formal

Patent Law1483 : Leonardo Da Vinci Was One the Great Geniuses

Moved to Milan1514 : Michelangelo Was Selected in Completing St

Peter’s Cathedral1594 : Galileo Was Issued a Patent on a Device for Lifting

Water


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Modern Engineering Era

Big Five Engineering Newer Engineering• Civil . Nuclear • Mechanical . Computer• Electrical . Bioengineering• Chemical . Environmental • Industrial Engineering . Etc.


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Big 5 Disciplines• Military Engineering

• Civil Engineering• Mechanical Engineering

Mathematics + Physics Mechanical Principle Steam Engine

• Electrical EngineeringMathematics + Physics Electrical Science

Telegraph: Samuel MorseCarbon filament lamp: Thomas Edison

• Chemical EngineeringMathematics + Physics + Chemistry Synthetic Material

• Industrial Engineering


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Newer Discipline• After World War I

• Consider As Special Discipline in One of the Big Five Discipline

• Nuclear Engineering• Electronic Engineering

• Aeronautical Engineering

• Computer Engineering• Astronautical Engineering

• Environmental Engineering• Bioengineering

• Etc


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Relationship of Industrial Engineering to Other Engineering and Scientific Disciplines

Civil Engineering

Electrical Engineering

MechanicalEngineering

ChemicalEngineering

Industrial Engineering

ManufacturingEngineering

Early Industrial Engineering(Scientific Management)

Ergonomics

Economics

Physiology

Psychology andSociology

Statistics

Mathematics Physics

Operation Research

Quality & Reliability

Computer & Inf.Sci

Control Theory

ProductivityScience

Chemistry

Military Engineering

Logic

Early ManagementPhilosophy


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HistoryScope And Framework of

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING


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Sasaran

Memahami konsep Teknik Industri baikbatasan, objek kajian, ruang lingkup,

profesi maupun latar belakang kenapadisiplin ini lahir


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Why IE Was Born ?

• As a Result of Industrial Revolution• Need for Technically Trained People

Who Could Plan, Organize, and Manage the Operations of Large Complex System

• Need to Increase Productivity and Efficiency of Operations


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Pioneers Of IE

• Adam SMITH• Charles BABBAGE

• Eli WHITNEY• Henry TOWNE

• Frederick W TAYLOR• Frank B GILBERTH• Lillian GILBERTH


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Adam SMITH

Wealth of Nations (1776)

Specialization of Labor– Division of the task in pin making into 4

separate operations increased output by a factor of almost 5

– 10 worker could produce 48.000 pins per day


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Charles BABBAGEOn the Economy of Machinery and Manufacture (1832)

– motion and time study– division of labor

• Result of factory visit in England and USA(early 1800)• Observed the manufacture of straight pins that:

– involve 7 distinct operations– measured the cost and time of performing each operation

Money Could Be Saved Using Woman and Children• Critics : Do not attempt to improve the work methods

or reduce the operation time


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Henry TOWNE

The Engineer As Economist (1886)

Stressed the Need for Engineers to Be Concerned With the Profitability Effect of Their Decisions


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Frederick Winslow TAYLOR(1856-1915)

FW Taylor was Influenced by Towne and Wentworth• 1874 : Machinist Apprentice in the Hydraulic Work• 1983 : Mechanical Engineer From Stevens Institute and

Work at Midvale Steel Company• 1881 : Began Study of Metal Cutting• 1895 : Presented “A Piece Rate System” at ASME Meeting• 1903 : Presented “ Shop Management”• 1909 : Presented “ Principle of Scientific Management”


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Principle of Scientific Management

1. Develop a science for each element of a man’s work,which replaces the old rule of thumb method

2. Select scientifically and then train, teach, and develop the workman, whereas previously he chose his own work methods and trained himself as best as he could

3. Cooperate heartily with the men so as to ensure that all of the work being done is in accordance with the principles of the science which has been develop

4. There is almost an equal division of the work and the responsibility between management and the workmen. The management takes over all work for which they are better fitted than the workman.


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Industrial Engineering ?

Industrial Engineering Is Concerned With the Design, Improvement, and Installation of Integrated Systems of People, Material, Information, Equipment, and Energy. It Draws Upon Specialized Knowledge and Skill in the Mathematical, Physical, and Social Sciences Together

With the Principles and Methods of Engineering Analysis and Design to Specify, Predict, and Evaluate

the Results to Be Obtained From Such System

Object Knowledge Skill Result Job


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Object

Integrated System

People/Man

+Material + Equipment + Information + Energy


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Schematic Representation of Integrated System

MachineMan

Mat

Boundary

Environment

Input Out-put

: InteractionFeed-back


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Knowledge

• Mathematics• Physics

• Social Sciences


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Skill

• Method of Engineering Analysis• Design


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Result

• Specify• Predict

• Evaluate


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Job

• Design• Installation

• Improvement


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Contextual

2 + 2 = ?


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What Design IE Do ?

Integrated System

Industrial System(Manufacturing System)

Human Activity Management Control System System


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Human Activity System• Manufacturing Process• Material and All Other Resources• Machines and Equipment• Methods by Which Workers Perform Task• Layout of Facilities and Specification of Material Flow• Material Handling Equipment and Procedures• Workplace Design• Storage Space Size and Location• Procedures for Maintenance and House Keeping• Safety Procedures


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Management Control System(1)• Management Planning System• Forecasting Procedures• Budgeting and Economic Analysis• Wage and Salary Plans• Inventive Plans and Other Employee Relation System• Recruiting, Training, and Placement of Employee• Material Requirement Planning• Inventory Control• Production Schedulling• Dispatching


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Management Control System(2)• Progress and status reporting• Corrective action procedures• Information system• Quality control system• Cost control and reduction• Resources allocation• Organization design• Decision support system• Etc


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PerformanceEfficiency

Effective + Min Cost

ObjectiveAchievement/Actual


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What Does IE Do ?

Production Management CorporateOperations System Services

* Product &Services * Information System *Comprehensive Planning* Manufacturing Process * Financial &Cost System *Policies & Procedures* Facilities * Personnel * Performance Measurement* Work Methods & Standards * Analysis * Production Planning & Control

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING · TI-1101 Pengantar Teknik Industri - Conceptual...

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