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Mengambil Risiko Usaha

1. MENURUT PARA AHLI

Arthur Williams & Richard, MHΑ : Suatu variasi dr hasilhasil !" d#t t$r%adi s$lama #$rid$ t$rt$'tu

A(as Salim Α : )$tida*t$'tua' !" mu'"*i' m$lahir*a' #$risti+a *$ru"ia'

S$*art Α : )$tida*#astia' atas t$r%adi'!a suatu #$risti+a

H$rma' arma+iΑ : P$'!$(ara' #$'!im#a'"a' hsl a*tual dr hsl !" dihara#*a'

-. RISI): S$suatu !" s$lalu di*ait*a' d" *$mu'"*i'a' t$r%adi'!a *$adaa' !" m$ru"i*a' & td*

didu"a s$($lum'!a RISI) : )$tida*#astia' atas )$tida*#astia' !" %i*a t$r%adi'!a suatu t$r%adi

a*a' #$risti+a m$'im(ul*a' *$ru"ia'

/. )ara*t$risti* R$si*

a. RISI) MURNI MENURUT RISI) SPE)ULATI0

T$r%adi ta'#a dis$'"a%a, siat tida* dis$'"a%a a*a' ditim(ul*a' 'amu' #asti a*a' m$'im(ul*a'

*$ru"ia' da' *$u'tu'"a' (a"i #iha* t$rt$'tu 2 )$(a*ara', #$'curia', ds( ≡ Uta'"#iuta'",

#$rda"a'"a' ($r%a'"*a3

(. RISI) 0UNAMENTAL

P$'!$(a('!a td* d#t dilim#ah*a' *#d s$s$ra'" & d#t m$'im(ul*a' *$ru"ia' !" ($sar 24a'%ir,

l'"sr, ($'ca'a alam, ds(3

c. RISI) INTERNAL

4$rasal dr dlm #$rusahaa' itu s$'diri 2 )$tida*tahua' )$salaha' ma'uasia+i, *ura'" #$'"alama'

)r" #$latiha'3. P$'!$(a('!a (isa *ar$'a )$"a"ala' tim ut* ($*$r%asama scr $$*ti )$*ura'"a'

sum($rda!a T$*'l"i td* di*$'al

d. RISI) E)STERNAL

4$rasal dr luar #$rusahaa' )$"iata' #$mas* !" ($ra*i(at *$"a"ala' 2#$ru(aha' s#$sii*asi

#rdu*3 P$rsai'"a' 2ada'!a sai'"a' usaha !" sama3 Ti'"*ah la*u #$la'""a' 2#$ru(aha'

#$rmi'taa', #$ru(aha' #$rs$#si3 T$r%adi #$ru(aha' #liti* 2UU !" m$m#$'"aruhi

#rdu*5#$la'""a'3 )$*uata' alam



6. RISI) TE)NIS, RISI) PASAR, RISI) USAHA S7R UMUM5 8ARIS 4ESAR RISI)

ALAM RISI) )REIT

RISI) TE)NIS Risi* !" t$r%adi a*i(at +irausaha5ma'a%$r *r" mam#u dlm m$'"am(il

*$#utusa'0a*tr P$'!$(a(↑ 4ia!a #rdu*si !" ti'""i 2i'$isi$'3↑ T$r%adi #$m"*a' *ar!a+a',

a*i(at *$s$%aht$raa' *r" di#$rhati*a'↑ P$ma*aia' SM !" td* s$im(a'" 2'a*$r t$rlalu (!*3↑

T$r%adi *$(a*ara' a*i(at *$t$l$dra' & *r" *$c$rmata'↑ T$r%adi #$'curia' atau #$'i#ua' a*i(at

#$'"a+asa' !" *r" (ai* ↑ T$rusm$'$rus ru"i *r' (ia!a !" trs m$m($'"*a* & har"a %ual td*

($ru(ah↑ P$'$m#ata' 'a*$r !" *r" t$#at sh" #rdu*tivitas *$r%a m$'uru'↑ P$r$'ca'aa' & d$sai' !"

salah sh" sulit di#$rasi'al*a'↑ Td* di#$rca!a l$h #$r(a'*a' a*i(at t$r%adi *r$dit mac$t di dlm

#$rusahaa'

U#a!a ut* m$'"atasi Risi* T$*'isMa'a%$r5+irausaha m$'am(ah #$'"$tahua' tt":ϖ T$ch'l"ical

s*ill 2*$tram#ila' t$*'is3, t$rutama !" ($r*aita' d" #rs$s #rdu*si !" dihasil*a'. iu#a!a*a'

m$ma*ai m$td$ !" d#t m$'uru'*a' (ia!a #rdu*si 2$isi$'3. Misal*a' ∅ t$*'l"i tradisi'al

di"a'ti d" t$*'l"i t$#at "u'a5md$r'ϖ r"a'i9ati'al s*ill 2*$tram#ila' r"a'isasi3 *$mam#ua'

m$ramu !" t$#at dr a*tr #rdu*si dlm usaha m$'ca*u# SM, SA, mdal, ds(.ϖ Ma'a"$rial s*ill

2*$tram#ila' m$mim#i'3 *$mam#ua' ut* m$'ca#ai tu%ua' usaha di*$r%a*a' d" (ai* & s$rasi l$h

s$mua ra'" !" ada #d r"a'isasi. S$tia# #im#i'a' ditu'tut m$m(uat *'s$# *$r%a !" (ai*

2c'c$#tual s*ill3. M$m(uat strat$"i usaha !" t$rarah ut* masa d$#a' M$li#uti: strat$"i #rdu*si,strat$"i *$ua'"a', strat$"i SM, strat$"i #$rasi'al, strat$"i #$masara', strat$"i #$'$litia', &

#$'"$m(a'"a' M$'"alih*a' *$ru"ia' #d #$rusahaa' asura'si, d" *'s$*u$'si hrs m$m(a!ar #r$mi

!" m$'%adi #$'"$luara' t$ta# ∅ Asura'si )$(a*ara', Asura'si T$'a"a )$r%a, ds(.

RISI) PASAR Risi* !" t$r%adi a*i(at #rdu* !" dihasil*a' *r" la*u atau td* la*u di #asar0a*tr

P$'!$(a(↑ )$salaha' dlm m$'"id$'tii*asi #asar ↑ )$salaha' dlm m$'"$tahui *$(utuha' #$la'""a'

#d #asar !" di#ilih↑

)$"a"ala' dlm m$m#r$di*si #$ru(aha' #asar ↑

)$salaha' dlmm$m#$rhitu'"*a' scr ma*r↑ )$"a"ala' dlm m$m#r$di*si si*lus #asar ↑ Ada'!a #$r*$m(a'"a'

t$*'l"i↑ Ada'!a #$ratura' (aru↑ Prdu* sdh *u' 2a(sl$'s$'c$3 U#a!a ut* m$'"atasi'!a

M$'"ada*a' i'vasi 2#rduct i'vati'3 m$m(uat d$sai' (aru dr #rdu* !" dis$'a'"i cal' #$m($li

M$'"ada*a' #$'$litia' #asar 2mar*$t r$s$arch3 & m$m#$rl$h i'rmasi #asar scr

($r*$si'am(u'"a' 4iasa'!a cara i'i m$m$rlu*a' da'a !" ($sar & dila*u*a' l$h #$rusahaa' ($sar

RISI) )REIT Risi* !" dita'""u'" *r$ditur a*i(at d$(itur td* m$m(a!ar #i'%ama' s$suai +a*tu

!" tlh dis$#a*ati ↑ Prdus$' m$'aruh #rdu*'!a t$rl$(ih dahulu & di(a!ar *$mudia'0a*tr ↑

$(itur m$mi'%am mdal usaha, ta#i usaha'!a "a"al sh" tim(ulP$'!$(a( *r$dit mac$t U#a!a ut*

m$'"atasi'!a4$ri*a' *r$dit #d ra'" !" t$#at 2('ait3 d" s!arats((:↑ 7haract$r 2+ata*3 +ata* &



r$#utasi'!a tlh di*$tahui, dia*ui & d#t di#$rca!a↑ 7a#acit! 2*$mam#ua' ut* m$m(a!ar3, hal i'i d#t

dilihat dari *$mam#ua'5hasil !" di#$rl$h dari usaha'!a↑ 7a#ital 2*$mam#ua' mdal s$'diri !"

dit$m#at*a' dlm usaha3, sh" m$ru#a*a' '$t #$rs'al ass$ts↑ 7'diti's 2*$adaa' usaha'!a3, a#a*ah

m$'u'%u**a' tr$'d 'ai* atau turu'; <"' ($ri*a' #i'%ama' !" t$rlalu ($sar, ta#i ($rtaha# sam(il

m$'"$valuasi *r$di(ilitas d$(itur P$rhati*a' #$'"$llaa' da'a d$(itur %i*a !(s m$mili*i #$rusahaa'.

∅ l$m(ara' '$raca, la#ra' la(a5ru"i tahu'a' & alira' da'a s$tia# tahu'

RISI) ALAM5I LUAR )EMAMPUAN MANUSIA 2rc$ ma!r3 Risi* !" t$r%adi di luar

#$'"$tahua', %a'"*aua' atau *uasa ma'usiaS$#$rti: ($'ca'a alam, "$m#a (umi, ta'ah l'"sr,

tsu'ami, (a'%ir, *$marau #a'%a'", ds(. U#a!a ut* m$'"atasi'!a #t m$ma'aat*a' %asa #$rusahaa'

asura'si

=. i sam#i'" risi* (is'is, Wirausaha %u"a a*a' m$'"hada#i: RISI) RISI) RISI)0INANSIAL

)ELUAR8A & SSIAL )ARIER

>. 4$rdasar*a' #$'$litia', -=? s.d. //? usaha *$cil m$'"alami *$"a"ala' s$lama - tahu' #$rtama

masa #$rasi'!aPEREN7ANAAN )URAN8 RENAHN@A )UALITAS MATAN8

MANA<EMEN )URAN8 MAL T) MEMPUN@AI ETS )ER<A @8 TIN88I 4A)AT T)

77) T) MEMPUN@AI)URAN8 PEN8ALAMAN SEMAN8AT

4ERWIRAUSAHALEMAHN@A PEMASARAN L)ASI T) STRATE8IS

. M$m#$r(ai*i M$'"alih*a' Usaha <$'is Usaha S$#$rti:B M$m#$r(ai*i tam#ila' 4$'"*$l Umum ≡

)hususB M$'""a'ti 'ama5l" Pa(ri* 4ata ≡ 8$'ti'"B M$'""a'ti #$rs'ilB M$l$'"*a#i alatalat

)$mu'"*i'a' Tahu ≡ Susu )$d$lai Wr" 4a*s ≡ Wr" Ma*a'B M$'""a'ti strat$"i #$masara'

*$mu'"*i'a' P$'$r(it ≡ P$rc$ta*a'B M$m#$r(ai*i cara *$r%aB ds(. +irausaha+a' t$ta# M$mh'

($rtaha' Pi'dah A*uisisi Alamat dlm m$'"hada#i S$#$rti: M$mi'ta #h* lai' ut* Usaha td* ($rhasil

*r' m$m($li s$(a"ia' ($sar risi* t$r(uru*: a*tr t$m#at !" *r" saham d" *'s$*u$'si strat$"is

atau di tritas #$'"$'dalia' d$*at'!a ada usaha usaha a*a' ($ralih *$ s$%$'is !" l(h ($sar #h* lai'M$'cari I'v$str M$'cari r" !" m$mili*i da'a ut* m$'"i'v$stasi*a' ua'"'!a d" *m#$'sasi

t$rt$'tu. ∅ d" (a"i hasil

C. TU<UAN & MENELITI SASARAN ALTERNATI0 RISI) USAHA RISI) USAHA

PRSEUR ANALISIS PEREN7ANAANPEN8UMPULAN RISI) & IN0RMASIRISI)

USAHA USAHA PELA)SANAAN ALTERNATI0 TA)SIRAN RISI) USAHA

D. Ti#l"i T PP$'"am(ila' Mam#u m$rumus*a' & m$'$ra#*a' id$id$ *r$ati a"arRisi* Pada

($rhasil dlm (is'is & m$+u%ud*a' Ti'"*at id$id$ ts( m$'%adi *$'!ataa'Ma'a%$m$' M I L E

Hrs m$'da#at *$($(asa' ut* ($ri'vasi & m$m(uat #$ru(aha'#$ru(aha' *$cil dlm #rs$dur &

u'"si. Ti'"*at i'i dia'""a# s(" #$'"am(il risi* L W P$rusahaa' m$m(utuh*a' #$*$r%a#$*$r%a



!" t$ram#il dlm m$la*sa'a*a' halhal ruti' & m$m#u'!ai s$di*it risi*. M$r$*a a*a' m$m(a+a

*$sta(ila' #$rusahaa'

1. 1. )ENALI SUM4ER RISI)

-. HINARI RISI)

/. )ENALI)AN MANA<EMEN

6. ASURANSI)AN 4E4ERAPA RISI)

=. ANTISIPASI RISI) @8 TERTIN88AL

>. PEREN7ANAAN S)ENARI

11. 1. Id$'tii*asi s$(a'!a* mu'"*i' sum($r risi*

-. M$m($'tu* tim *$r%a

/. Ada*a' #$m(ahasa' d" cara sum(a'"sara'

6. P$rtim(a'"*a' d" hatihati susu'a' tim !" +a%ar a"ar #$m(ahasa' l(h $$*ti

=. M$'"$lla sum($r #t$'sial

>. 7arilah s$s$ra'" !" tram#il m$'$mu*a' a#aa#a

1-. 1. P$rtim(a'"*a' ("m' #t$'si risi* d#t di(icara*a'

-. 8u'a*a' t$'a"a ahli ut* #$m(icaraa'

/. 7arilah #$'"alama' (aru dlm m$'a'"a'i masalah

6. P$rtim(a'"*a' ("m' risi* d#t di#i'dah*a'

=. 4$rilah im(ala' *#d #ara ahli !" m$m(a'tu m$m$cah*a' masalah

1/. /. )ENALI)AN MANA<EMEN P$'"$'dalia' !" (ai* di#$rlu*a' dlm *asus a#a#u' & #im#i'a'

($rsama sta hrs m$m'itr *$ma%ua' t$*'i* #r!$* s$tia# +a*tu ut* m$'$mu*a' masalah s$di'i

mu'"*i', sh" d#t m$'"ada*a' #$r(ai*a'6. ASURANSI)AN 4E4ERAPA RISI) Misal'!a

*$"a"ala' #$mas* & *$rusa*a' #d #$ralata' *ritis. )$la!a*a' #rdu*5asura'si %ami'a' #r$si atau

"ara'si #$m$ri'tah !" d#t di#a*ai ut* m$'"ura'"i i'a'cial $F#sur$ a*i(at ulah #$la'""a' !" ada

di N$"ara lai'. =. ANTISIPASI RISI) @8 TERTIN88AL )$mu'"*i'a' risi* !" dulu t$r%adi la"i,

ti'da*a' i'i ($ru#a m$'"u(ah rua'" li'"*u# #r!$*5m$mdii*asi sasara''!a.>. PEREN7ANAAN



S)ENARI T$*'i* i'i dila*u*a' d" m$lihat (aha!a !" mu'"*i' t$r%adi atau s*$'ari alt$r'ati dr

a*tr !" m$'!$(a(*a' *$tida*#astia', lalu m$r$'ca'a*a' s$tia# s*$'ari dila*u*a' scr m$'d$tail

16. 4$'tu* s$di'i mu'"*i' s$(uah tim i'ti ut* m$m$lihara visi EGALUASI sasara' !" *'sist$'

RISI) Pasti*a' %$'is a*tivitas !" ($rlai'a' T$'tu*a' i'rmasi !" diam(il dari a*tivitas a+al l$h

tim5(a"ia' lai' !" m$m$rlu*a' i'rmasi ut* a*tivitas ($ri*ut'!au*u'" #$'""u'aa' i'rmasi

#arsial *mu'i*asi !" $isi$' & t$r(u*a d"*$#$rca!aa' !" ti'""i & m$mu'"*i'*a' ra'" ut*

m$mulai a*tiitas,s$($lum tu"as utama ($'ar($'ar s$l$saiPasti*a' (ah+a #rs$dur #$rs$tu%ua' as$

($r#$rasi d" la'car & c$#atP$r*uat tim #$'"$m(a'"a' ut* s$(a'!a* mu'"*i' *$#utusa' td*

hrs*$luar dari timT$ra#*a' #$'"$m(a'"a' ($rtaha# 2i'cr$m$'tal d$v$l#m$'t 3

1=. ≡ A#a*ah risi* ts( s$#ada' d" hsl usaha; ≡ 4"m' risi* ts( d#t di*ura'"i; ≡ I'rmasi a#a !"

di#$rlu*a' s(l m$'"am(il risi*;PEN8AM4ILAN ≡ P$rs'alia ma'a !" d#t m$m(a'tu m$'"ura'"i

risi*; )EPUTUSAN ≡ M$'"a#a risi* i'i #$'ti'"; @8 ≡ A#a !" dita*ut*a' dlmMEN8ANUN8

m$'"am(il risi*; RISI) ≡ A#a !" d#t dica#ai d" #$'"am(ila' risi*; ≡ P$rsia#a' a#a sa%a !"

#$rlu dila*u*a' s(l m$'"am(il risi*;

1>. Usaha %"' ($rdasar*a' u'tu'"u'tu'"a' 2"am(li'"3, *r' *$mu'"*i'a' ru"i l(h ($sar. S(l m$mulai

usaha hrs dila*u*a' studi *$la!a*a' ut* m$m#$rhitu'"*a' risi* ts(. La*u*a' a'alisis SWT,

Str$'"ths 2*$*uata'3, W$a*'$ss$s 2*$l$maha'3, ##urtu'iti$s 2#$lua'"3 & Thr$ats 2a'cama'3 s(l

t$r%u' *$ du'ia (is'is. 4$rti'da* $isi$' d" m$'"ura'"i #$'"$luara' da'a !" ($r*aita' la'"su'" d"

#rdu*si. )um#ul*a' data & a*ta m$'"$'ai SM, SA, Alat #rdu*si, $sai' #rdu*, Pasar,

ds(. SM hrs m$m#u'!ai *m#$t$'si5*$ahlia' s$suai d" (ida'"'!a, sh" m$'"hasil*a' t$'a"a !"

m$mili*i #rdu*tivitas ti'""i th$ ri"ht ma' ' th$ ri"ht #lac$. Ut* m$'i'"*at*a' #rdu*tivitas

*$r%a, *ar!a+a' #$rlu dididi*, dilatih, ditatar scr rmal, i'rmal mau#u' '' rmal Risi* s"t

#$'ti'", *r' %i*a dila*u*a' d" (ai*, ma*a d#t m$'"hasil*a' *$u'tu'"a' !" l(h s$rta (ai* ut*

$*s#a'si usaha, ds(. Hrs s$lalu ($r#i*ir #siti 2#sitiv$ thi'*i'"3 !aitu #timis, *r' risi* i(arat

s$(uah ta'ta'"a'. M$s*i#u' d$mi*ia', *$($ra'ia' ts( hrs di#$rhitu'"*a'. <i*a risi* tlh m$lam#aui

=? ma*a *ita tlh m$masu*i "$la'""a'" %udi <i*a t$#at sasara' & s$suai #$rhitu'"a', ma*a tar"$t

!" dii'"i'*a' d#t t$rca#ai & #a'"sa #asar#u' s$ma*i' luas, ds(. )$sia#a' s(" #$mim#i' !" hrs

m$mili*i ($r(a"ai *$t$ram#ila' dlm (ida'" usaha & hrs d#t m$m#$r(ai*i *$l$maha'*$l$maha' !"

t$r%adi ut* s$t$rus'!a. Stlh *$mu'"*i'a' risi* !" t$r%adi di#$rhitu'"*a', s$la'%ut'!a hrs dii*uti d"

*$!a*i'a' & s$ma'"at #a'ta'" m$'!$rah

1. 1. 7arilah ma*alah di i't$r'$t !" ($rhu(u'"a' d" risi* usahaJ-. is*usi*a' ma*alah ts( d"

#$rta'!aa' di (a+ah i'i: a. 4a"aima'a A'da d#t m$'ilai, (ah+a suatu *$"iata' itu ris*a'

2m$'"a'du'" risi*3; (. 4a"aima'a cara m$'"$valuasi risi* !" ada; c. 4a"aima'a +irausaha

($ra'i m$'"am(il risi*;



1C. <a+a(lah #$rta'!aa'#$rta'!aa' ($ri*ut d" si'"*at & %$lasJ1. A#a !" a'da *$tahui tt" #$'"$rtia'

risi*;-. <$las*a' #$'da#at A'da m$'"a#a dlm du'ia usaha itu #$'uh risi*J/. S$(ut*a' D #$'!$(a(

*$"a"ala' usahaJ6. M$'"a#a risi* #$rlu dia'alisis;=. A#a !" t$r%adi %i*a dlm ($r+irausaha td* mau

m$'a'""u'" risi*;>. S$(ut*a' *ara*t$risti* risi*J. A#a !" dima*sud d" risi* t$*'is;C. S$(ut*a'

- #$'!$(a( t$r%adi'!a risi* *r$ditJD. Halhal a#a sa%a !" m$ru#a*a' risi* (a"i (is'is !"

m$'"a*i(at*a' (ara'" td* la*u di%ual;1. P$rsia#a' a#a !" a'da la*u*a' s$($lum m$'"am(il risi*;

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