Bentuk Sediaan Obat 2014-168u

8/20/2019 Bentuk Sediaan Obat 2014-168u

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Bentuk sediaan obat


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Types of dosage forms:

Definition: Dosage forms are the means by which drug molecules aredelivered to sites of action within the body.

The need for dosage forms:

1- Accurate dose.

2- Protection e.g. coated tablets, sealed ampules.

3- Protection from gastric juice.

4- Masking taste and odour.

5- Placement of drugs within body tissues.

6- Sustained release medication.

7- Controlled release medication.

8- Optimal drug action.

9- Insertion of drugs into body cavities (rectal, vaginal)

10- Use of desired vehicle for insoluble drugs.


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Types of dosage forms (Cont.):

They are classified according to:

Route of administration

OralTopicalRectal

ParenteralVaginalInhaledOphthalmicOtic

Physical form

SolidSemisolid

liquid


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Oral dosage forms:

1-Tablet:

Coating

tablet

2-Buccal and sublingual tablet

3-Effervescent tablet

4- Chewable tablet


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5- Capsule:

Soft gelatin capsuleHard gelatin capsule

6- Lozenge

7- Pastilles

9-Pills

8- Dental Cones:

-A tablet form intended to be placed in theempty socket following a tooth extraction, for

preventing the local multiplication of

pathogenic bacteria associated with tooth

extractions.

- The cones may contain an antibiotic or

antiseptic


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10- Granules

11- Powder (Oral):

sachet

12- Powders for mixtures

Bulk Powders

Divided Powders


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13-Liquid preparations

a- Oral solution: b- Oral emulsion c-Oral suspension:

e- Elixir: e- Elixir: g- Oral drops:

f- Linctuses: -Linctuses are viscous, liquid oral preparations that are usually

prescribed for the relief of cough.

- They usually contain a high proportion of syrup and glycerol which

have a demulcent effect on the membranes of the throat.

- The dose volume is small (5ml) and, to prolong the demulcent action,

they should be taken undiluted.


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h- Gargles:

- They are aqueous solutions used in the prevention or treatment ofthroat infections.

- Usually they are prepared in a concentrated solution with directionsfor the patient to dilute with warm water before use.

i- Mouthwashes:

These are similar to gargles but are used for oral hygiene and to treatinfections of the mouth.


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Topical dosage forms:

2- Creams:

3- Gels (Jellies):

1- Ointmen:


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4- Poultice :

5- Pastes There are two types of paste:a) Fatty pastes (e.g: leaser's paste) .b) Non greasy pastes (e g: - bassorin paste).

6- Dusting powders:

It is soft, viscous, pasty preparation for

external use. They are applied to skin while

they are hot. Poultice must retain heat for a

considerable time because they are intended

to supply warmth to inflamed parts of body.E.g. Kaolin poultice (B.P.C.)


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7- Transdermal patch 8-Plasters:

9- Liniments: 10-Lotions

12- Paints:11- Collodion:

13- Pressurized dispensers

(aerosol sprays):


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Rectal dosage forms:

2- Enema:

a- Evacuant enema: 2- Retention enema(Systemic & local effect):

1- Suppository ( systemic action &local action)


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Vaginal dosageforms:

1- Pessary:

A- Moulded pessaries: they are cone shaped and

prepared in a similar way to moulded

suppositories.

B- Compressed pessaries: made in a variety of

shapes and are prepared by compression in a

similar manner to oral tablets.

C- Vaginal capsules: are similar to soft gelatin

oral

Capsules differing only in size and shape.


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2- Vaginal ring:

3- Douche

4- Intrauterine device


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Parenteral dosage forms:

2- Intramuscular injection:

3- Subcutaneous injection:

1- Intravenous injection:


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Inhaled dosage forms:

1- Inhaler :

-Inhalers are solutions, suspensions or emulsion of drugs in a mixture of inert

propellants held under pressure in an aerosol dispenser.

2- Nebulizer or (atomizer):


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Ophthalmic dosage forms:

1- Eye drops:

2- Ophthalmic ointment & gel:


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Otic dosage forms:

1- Ear drops:


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Nasal dosage forms:

1- Nasal Drops and Sprays:

Drugs in solution may be instilled into the nose from adropper or from a plastic squeeze bottle.

The drug may have a local effect, e.g. antihistamine,decongestant.

Alternatively the drug may be absorbed through the nasalmucosa to exert a systemic effect.

The use of oily nasal drops should be avoided because ofpossible damage to the cilia of the nasal mucosa.

Bentuk Sediaan Obat 2014-168u

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