Bahan kajian MK. STELA.smno, jtnh fpub Mei 2014

VALUASI EKONOMI SUMBERDAYA LAHAN

KUALITAS & KARAKTERISTIK LAHAN

"Karakterisik lahan" merupakan atribut lahan yang dapat diukur atau diestimasi. Misalnya: kemiringan, curah hujan, tekstur tanah, kapasitas air

tersedia, biomasa vegetasi, dll.

"Kualitas lahan" adalah kompleks atribut lahan yang mempunyai peranan spesifik dalam menentukan tingkat kesesuaian lahan untuk suatu penggunaan

tertentu. Misalnya: ketersediaan air, resistensi erosi, bahaya banjir, dan aksesibilitas.

"Kriteria diagnostik" adalah suatu peubah yang mempunyai pengaruh tertentu terhadap hasil (atau input yang diperlukan ) pada penggunaan

tertentu, dan peubah ini juga berfungsi sebagai dasar untuk menilai kesesuaian suatu bidang lahan bagi penggunaan tertentu.

“Kriteria diagnostik” ini dapat berupa kualitas lahan, karakteristik lahan, atau beberapa karakteristik lahan.

Diunduh dari sumber: http://pinterdw.blogspot.com/2012/01/kualiatas-dan-karakteristik-lahan.html…… 5/11/2012

KUALITAS LAHANHubungan antara kualitas dan karakteristik lahan yang dipakai pada metode

evaluasi lahan (Djaenudin et al. 2003)..

Diunduh dari sumber: http://pinterdw.blogspot.com/2012/01/kualiatas-dan-karakteristik-lahan.html…… 5/11/2012

Kualitas Lahan Karakteristik Lahan

Temperatur (tc) Temperatur rata -rata (oC)

Ketersediaan air (wa) Curah hujan (mm), Kelembaban (%), Lamanya bulan kering (bln)

Ketersediaan oksigen (oa) Drainase

Keadaan media perakaran (rc) Tekstur, Bahan kasar (%), Kedalaman tanah (cm)

Gambut Ketebalan (cm), Ketebalan (cm) jika ada sisipan bahan mineral/pengkayaan,

Kematangan

Retensi hara (nr) KTK liat (cmol/kg), Kejenuhan basa (%), pH , C-organik (%)

Toksisitas (xc) Salinitas (dS/m)

Sodisitas (xn) Alkalinitas/ESP (%)

Bahaya sulfidik (xs) Bahaya sulfidik (xs) Kedalaman sulfidik (cm)

Bahaya erosi (eh) Lereng (%), Bahaya erosi

Bahaya banjir (fh) Genangan

Penyiapan lahan (lp) Batuan di permukaan (%), Singkapan batuan (%)

LAND USELand comprises the physical environment, including climate, relief, soils, hydrology and

vegetation, to the extent that these influence potential for land use. It includes the results of past and present human activity, e.g. reclamation from the sea, vegetation clearance, and also adverse results, e.g. soil salinization. Purely economic and social characteristics, however, are

not included in the concept of land; these form part of the economic and social context.(sumber: http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5310E/x5310e03.htm)

Land use is the human use of land. Land use involves the management and modification of natural environment

or wilderness into built environment such as fields, pastures, and settlements.

“LAND USE” has also been defined as "the arrangements, activities and inputs people undertake in a certain land cover type to produce, change or maintain

it" (FAO, 1997; FAO/UNEP, 1999)..

Diunduh dari sumber: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use …… 5/11/2012

LAND UTILIZATION A land utilization type consists of a set of technical specifications in a given physical, economic and social setting. This may be the current environment or a future Betting modified by major

land improvement e, e.g. an irrigation and drainage scheme. Attributes of land utilization types include data or assumptions on:

1. Produce, including goods (e.g. crops, livestock timber), cervices (e.g. recreational facilities) or other benefits (e.g. wildlife conservation)

2. Market orientation, including whether towards subsistence or commercial production3. Capital intensity4. Labour intensity5. Power sources (e.g. man's labour, draught animals machinery using fuels)6. Technical knowledge and attitudes of land users7. Technology employed (e.g. implements and machinery, fertilizers, livestock breeds, farm

transport, methods of timber felling)8. Infrastructure requirements (e.g. sawmills, tat factories, agricultural advisory services)9. Size and configuration of land holdings, including whether consolidated or fragmented10. Land tenure, the legal or customary manner in which rights to land are held, by individuals

or groups11. Income levels, expressed per capita, per unit of production (e.g. farm) or per unit area.

Diunduh dari sumber: http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5310E/x5310e03.htm …… 5/11/2012

Neoclassical Production Theory

The neoclassical production function for a single output and two variable inputs can be written:

y = f(x1,x2)

where y is the quantity of output and xi is the quantity of the ith variable input.

The properties of this production function are specified by assumptions:1. Xi ≥ 0 and finite (non-negative, real inputs);2. f(X1,X2) is finite, nonnegative, real valued, and single valued for all

possible combinations of X1 and X2;3. f(X1,X2) is everywhere continuous and everywhere twice continuously

differentiable;4. f(X1,X2) is subject to the "law" of diminishing returns.

Diunduh dari sumber: http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/31977/1/rr980059.pdf …… 5/11/2012

INPUT / FAKTOR PRODUKSI

Diunduh dari Sumber: http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/envecon/review.php#v2.................... 2/10/2011 .

Of the three factors of production in classical economics, land, labor,

and capital, land may be the most difficult to

define. Does it refer to just the land itself? Or is land a generic term referring to all natural resources? Air,

sunshine, and water, necessary to make land

productive, are all part of the surrounding

ecosystems. While ownership of land itself

can easily be demarcated, ownership of mobile,

associated resources is trickier.

PROSES PRODUKSI TANAMAN

Diunduh dari Sumber: http://www.ciesin.org/lw-kmn/yldgap/yldgap.html.................... 5/11/2012 .

Many processes affect crop performance : the conservative efficiency of the use of radiation,

water and nutrient on crop growth, those contributing to the soil water balance and those

affecting soil fertility. Crop growth has been modelled successfully as

a function of environmental factors using the concept of these conservative efficiencies.

Crop production will be described for these levels in terms of potential and water- or

nutrient limited production . The most suitable cereal crop (depending on

the agro-ecological conditions wheat, rice, maize, millet or sorghum) is taken as a proxy for a wide range of crops that could be grown, with yields expressed in 'grain equivalents'.

In practice actual production levels may differ from these calculated levels due to deviant agricultural management. Actual yield is a

function of biophysical as well as the socio-economic conditionsLevels of production and required data for its assessment. (Modified

from Rabbinge, 1993).Rabbinge, R., 1993. The ecological background in food production . In:

Crop protection and sustainable agriculture. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester (Ciba Foundation Symposium 177), pp. 2-29.

INPUT-OUTPUT PROCESS RELATIONSHIPS

Diunduh dari Sumber: http://www.fao.org/docrep/w7365e/w7365e08.htm.................... 5/11/2012 .

Figure illustrates some differently shaped production functions for the case of a

single-variable input production process. Each graph shows the physical input-output relationship or total physical

product curve as the level of the single variable input is increased with all other

input factors held constant.

In graphs A and B, the law of diminishing returns (sometimes called the law of

variable proportions) prevails - beyond some point, as the level of the variable input increases with no change in the

level of other input factors, increases in output occur at a diminishing rate (the

marginal product is decreasing) and eventually, beyond the point of maximum output, output declines in absolute terms (the marginal product becomes negative).

Stylized Production Functions or Input-Output Relationships for a Single Variable Input

Keterkaitan Faktor Produksi

Diunduh dari Sumber: ocw.usu.ac.id/...PERTANIAN/sep_203_handout_faktor-faktor_prod....................... 5/11/2012 .

Kaitan Faktor Manajemen Dengan Faktor Produksi Lain

Ada empat faktor produksi pertanian yaitu:

Alam (lahan, iklim, radiasi matahari, air, udara, dll), Tenaga kerja, Modal, dan

Pengelolaan (manajemen).

Faktor produksi alam dan tenaga kerja sering disebut

sebagai faktor produksi primer,

faktor produksi modal dan pengolaan disebut faktor

produksi sekunder.