Post on 22-Jan-2023
THEORY AND METHODS IN
TRANSLATOR EDUCATION
AT THE AARHUS SCHOOL
OF BUSINES
Anne Lise Laursen / Ismael Arinas Pellón
Master’s in Specialised Translation
2008 New Structure + Practicum
Introductory Module
Interaction Module / Financial
Translation
Tools and Methods
• BERNARDINI & CASTAGNOLI
• SWALES
• BHATIA
• TROSBORG
• FUNCTIONAL TRANSLATION
• CONCORDANCER
• ANTCONC
CORPUS SKOPOS
CORPORA GENRE
Composition of Corpora
SPANISH
CORPUS
DANISH
CORPUS
Number of Tokens 434,144 145,337
Number of Types 15,100 10,701
Documents in Corpus 14 14
To reveal cross-cultural and cross-linguistic differences
Contrastive Features
Vinay y Darbelnet (1959/1995) :Comparative stylistics of French and
English:
Two important features to be generalized:
1) The linked nature of French = marking interconnections of thought
translation might benefit from e.g. leaving out connectors/articulating connectors:
(Socially and politically) there is a widespread discontent …
> Il règne en effet dans les profound mécontentement, un malaise politique …
2) Predominance of French nouns:
translation might benefit from converting verbs into nouns/converting nouns into verbs
People cheered as the troops marched by
> les gens ont applaudi sur le passage des troupes
Contrastive Features
Korzen & Lundquist (2003)
Contrasts between Scandinavian and Romance languages:
Romance family: exocentric = relatively more information weight outside the verb/verbal phrase, i.e. in the noun
Scandinavian family: endocentric = relatively more information weight in the
centre of the proposition, i.e. in the verb
Romance languages: predominance of nominal style
Scandinavian languages predominance of verbal style
All’indizione delle elezioni lunedí scorso, sembrava che …
‘At the calling of elections last Monday, it seemed that …’
Da valget blev udskrevet forrige mandag, kunne det se ud til at …
‘When elections were called last Monday it seemed that …’
Nominal vs. Verbal Style
LSP tends to level out stylistic contrasts
terms = nouns
Corpus attestation:
Consolidation
Practice of combining the financial statements of the companies in a group into one document.
se consolida*/ser/es/son consolida*/consolidación:
6% verbalization in Spanish corpus
konsolideres/konsolidering:
15% verbalization in Danish corpus
Demonstratives
Demonstratives =
Salient reference = explicit linking
Demonstrative NPs:
= Combination of salient linking + nominal style
Corpus attestation (coping with inexperienced translators’ tendency to use literal translations):
Contrastive Features
Masculine
singular
Feminine
singular
Masculine plural Feminine plural
ESTE (661) ESTA (628) ESTOS (324) ESTAS (365)
ESE (40) ESA (26) ESOS (4) ESAS (16)
AQUEL (4) AQUELLA (5) AQUELLOS (101) AQUELLAS (73)
2247 demonstratives: 0,517%
Dual Neutral Plural
DENNE (89) DETTE (71) DISSE (150)
310 demonstratives: 0,213%
Contrastive Features
Este importe (20 out of 1627)
1.22%
Dette beløb (1 out of 283)
0.35%
Este tipo de + noun (23 out of
1023) 2,24%
Denne type/denne slags +
noun (0) 0%
Este ejercicio (19 out of 2053)
0.92%
Dette regnskabsår (0 out of
178) 0%
Esta interpretación (43 out of
77) 55.84%
Denne fortolkning (1 out of
95) 1.05%
Esta norma (32 out of 95)
33.68%
Denne standard (0 out of 25)
0%
Contrastive features
Additives
En este sentido (31) Por otra parte (35)
En este contexto (2) Por su parte (24)
A este respecto (8) Por otro lado (30)
Asimismo (153) Además (84)
También (150)
Additives
I den/denne forbindelse (4) Herudover (36) (109)
Ligeledes 28 (=84) Desuden (20) (60)
Også 32 (97)
Applied Lexicographic Approach
Use of lexicographic tool:
conceived according to theory of lexicographic functions
Conceived and compiled by students
designed for translators
supplemented by means of genre-specific corpus
including:
1. explanatory notes
2. collocations
3. cross-references
Applied Lexicographic Approach
afskrivning [= depreciation]
amortización
Afskrivning af et aktiv betyder, at anskaffelsesprisen udgiftsføres over en årrække. Dette sker systematisk, således at der fratrækkes en bestemt procentdel af anskaffelsesværdien hvert år. Afskrivningen afspejler normalt den værdiforringelse, der sker ved brug af aktivet, og det antal år, afskrivningen fordeles over, afspejler aktivets formodede levetid, for maskiner og andre anlægsaktiver typisk 20 år.
[‘Depreciation of an asset means that the cost of the asset is spread over a period of years. This is done systematically by deducting a certain percentage of the cost every year. ….]
•foretage afskrivning proceder a la amortización
•foretage afskrivning realizar la amortización
•regnskabsmæssig afskrivning amortización contablemente practicada
→ afskrive
→ nedskrivning
Applied Lexicographic Approach
afskrive [= depreciate]
amortizar
•afskrive et aktiv over den forventede levetid realizar la amortización de un bien en base a la vida útil estimada
•ikke kunne afskrives no ser objeto de amortización
→ afskrivning
→ nedskrive
Conclusion
To cope with time restrictions, training must be
done focusing on methods and processes.
Students can easily contrast choice of stylistic
features for same communicative purpose using
selected corpora and a concordancer.
Techniques can be extrapolated to other genres.
Functional Lexicography provides more accurate
information through the use of corpus analysis