Post on 17-Mar-2023
To quote this work: « Dervillé Marie, Jenin Léa, DorinBruno, Aubron Claire, 2019. The Anand model: formal andinformal rules structuring productive forces, Internationalseminar "Milk and Dairy in India’s Development Path.Lessons, challenges and perspectives", India InternationalCentre, New Delhi, 17-18 December»
I- The Anand model: formal and informal rulesstructuring productive forces
Marie Dervillé, Léa Jenin, Bruno Dorin, Claire Aubron
2
Building of collective resources in the industry
Milk and Milk Product Order(1992 - 2002)
Producer CompanyAct (2003)
IndianCompany Act(1956)
Gujarat CooperativeAct (1961)
NDDB (1965)
Mother Dairy(1974)
NDDB DairyService (NDS) (2009)
LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
1965 199519901955 1986 201019701950 2000 20201980 20151978
Liberalisationreforms
IndustryAct(1951)
Essential CommodityAct (1955)
Kaira strike(1946) Processing unit
+ Amul brand (1955)
GCMMF (1973)
IDCM IndianImmunologicalsIRMA
MDFVPL
FSSAI Act(2006)
GST Act(2017)
Amulextension out of Gujarat
Maahi(2012)
INDIA world largest Milk producers
INDIA > EU
1960
COMMONPOOL
RESSOURCES
COOPERATIVE industrialisation
continued(exclusion zones)
COMPETITION+ diversification of cooperative/MPC models
BUSI
NESS
MODELS
Dr Kurien(1950)
Fat basedmilk price(1956)
OF 1 2 3 NDP I
Demonetisation(2018)
Cattle tradefor slaugtherban & debate
4
District
Village
Nation
STATE
zoning
CooperationCooperation & competition
Legend
Dairy
products
Milk
& Chilled milk
Milk Price + Bonus+ services
3 tiers Anand Pattern
CO
NSU
MER
S
Cooperation fostered at initial stages
Milk
Federation
Union
DCS
Union
DCS
Producers
Promote, Finance,Support, Coordinate
Agricultural Policy, Cooperative & Company act; Trade policy
NDDB & subsidiaries
MOTHER DAIRY
Pasteurized Milk for Metros
Spatial & products complementarity
RETA
ILER
S
Dairy productsFederation
Union
DCS DCS DCS
Prod.
5
Diversity of cooperatives in Gujarat
• Diversity of business models• Diversity of conditions to access market for farmers
6
0
500 000
1 000 000
1 500 000
2 000 000
2 500 000
1945 1965 1985 2005
Lite
rs/d
ay
Amul Dairy Rajkot Vasudhara
Maharashtra
West Bengal
Punjab
Within the federation
NDDB: key governance structure
Common-pool resources
Governancemechanisms
Promotional Boards
Bargaining Boards
One desk Board
Supply management Boards
NDDBInnovation strategy, reputation & market structuring
7
Farmers’ inclusiveness limited to users rightsInnovation capacity
& productive solutionsCollective reputation & bargaining power
Rights (stakeholders) Rights (stakeholders)
User
s
Generic skills (clean milking) and technical and organizational solutions
(feed, technology…)
(Farmers, DCS & Unions)
Price stability, quality premium & bonus for fresh whole milk
(Farmers, DCS & Unions)
Mana
-ger
Research and extension targeting & planning
(NDDB, Unions, Federations, ICAR & Universities )
Value creation & sharing rules
(quality payment grid, intake principle)
(Unions, Farmers representatives, Federation, NDDB)
Owner
Innovations strategy (ex: machineries, products, genetics, feeding;
products and Business Models)
(NDDB & subsidiaries, main federations)
Market segments (initially bulk milk & products diversification) & conventions(Industrial quality; productivity except for
farming)
(Federations, NDDB)
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