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III BAB
IGOLODOTEM NAITILENEP
1.3 idutS hayaliW isakoL
lad iD halmujes nakulrepid ,nanugnabmep keyorp utaus nakanacnerem ma
nanugnabmep keyorp isakol uata tapmet nagnukgnil atres haread ianegnem isamrofni
gnusgnal araces kiab atad nalibmagnep nakukalid uti kutnU .nakanaskalid naka uti
libmagneP .gnusgnal kadit nupuam nad nauajninep halada aynduskam gnusgnal atad na
duskamid gnay naD .nagnapal id nakukalid gnusgnal narukugnep uata natatacnep
uata isnatsni adapek atad nalibmagnep halai gnusgnal kadit atad nalibmagnep nagned
.gnanewreb gnay tabajep
k haread ianegnem ataD nad natakgnineP agabmeL irad libmaid USU supma
igolotamilK nuisatS nad nadeM )USU T3P( USU iggniT naurugreP nagnabmegneP
.nadeM ilapmaS
sataB - naanacnerep haread satab a gnay haread utaus halada USU supmaK laer
adeM aydamatoK uraB nadeM natamacek id katelret ini nadeM USU supmaK laerA .n
satab iaynupmem - :tukireb iagabes satab
- halebeS U ieS nalaJ gnajnapes kududnep namikumep nagned nasatabreb arat
.gnadaP
- nalaJ gnajnapes kududnep namikumep nagned nasatabreb rumiT halebeS
.arumittaP netipaK
- satabreb taraB halebeS nalaJ gnajnapes kududnep namikumep nagned nas
.nanugnabmeP
- nalaJ gnajnapes kududnep namikumep nagned nasatabreb nataleS halebeS
.irakidreB
sauL halada USU supmak laera latot .ah 341
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2.3 nahaB D talA na
:halada ini naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay nahaB
:sata iridret remirp ataD
.1 narulaS narilA hareaD )gnerel nagnirimek nad gnajnap( ifargopot ateP
USU )SAD( .
.2 USU narulaS.AD naadaeK ateP .
.3 USU esaniard gnapmanep ievrus nad haned ateP .
:sata iridret rednukes ataD
.1 nanalub najuh haruc ataD mumiskam nairah nad 0002 nuhat aggnih 0102
akisifoeG nad ,igolotamilK ,igoloroeteM nadaB irad helorepid gnay
.nadeM ilapmaS )GKMB( p atreS helorepid gnay ileD SAD satab latigid ate
upmaW SADPB irad - nuhat ADSP saniD nad ralU ieS 1102 .
.2 D satab latigid ateP arilA harea SU narulaS n U rad helorepid gnay USU i
102 nuhat 1. d naD rebmusreb gnay USU supmaK id esaniard naadaek ata
.USU irad
sarek takgnarep apureb ini naitilinep malad nakanugid gnay natalareP
( erawdrah kanul takgnarep nad ) erawtfos( ( atad nakusamep irad ialum ) tupni iapmas )
( lisah nakatecnep nagned tuptuo ) ep apureb p pukacnem tubesret natalareP .at takgnare
gnay kanul takgnareP .silut tala )c( nad retnirp )b( ,retupmok )a( :irad iridret gnay sarek
)a( :irad iridret 7002 eciffo tfosorciM )b( , 3.3 isreV weivrcA IRSE )c( , elgooG htraE
7439.33711.0.5 isrev )d( , adamS - 7002 isrev daC otuA )e( ,21.2 isrev birtsiD )f( nad ,
0.4 isrev SAR_CEH .
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3.3 P lebairaV natilene
sabeb kadit lebairav nad sabeb lebairav sata iridret ini naitilenep malad lebairaV
halada )X( sabeb lebairaV .)takirat( rotkaf - ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf esaniard narulas ,
utiay narulas kutneb X( 1 ,) narulas nagniraj X( 2 nagnirimek nad gnajnap ,) narulas X( 3 ,)
naanuggnep nad naalolegnep nad X( nahal 4 )Y( sabeb kadit lebairav nakgnades ,)
aynraseb halada narulas tibed naamasrep nakrasadreb gnutihid gnay .lanoisaR sumuR
.3 4 ismusA
ismusA - :tukireb iagabes halada ini naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay ismusa
.1 nakgnutihrepmem aynaH tibed USU esaniarD )SAD( narulaS narilA hareaD adap .
.2 lebairaV - malad nakanugid gnay sabeb lebairav tibed nad narila ujal iracnem
narulas .utnetret utkaw nautas malad habureb kadit nad patet ini naitilenep malad
.3 T raseb gnay acauc nahaburep idajre nahal anugatat nahaburep nad .
.3 5 igolodoteM
naagudneP ikgnumek nad saul pukuc gnay nagnaneg uata rijnab aynidajret nan
adap iggnit gnay najuh haruc naktabikaid 1102 lirpA 1 adap USU supmaK id iggnit
( ria napakgnat haread aera tnemhctac iagnuS nagned aynnatiak ada nad licek gnay )
etoP irad isnerefer nakrasadreb arubaB nususid nadeM atoK rijnaB isagitiM nad isn
lanoisaN ranimeS malad gnitniG rumkaM helo - id ISSTTPMB 1 aretamuS satisrevinU
nadeM ,aratU - rebotkO 41 atad nahalognep ini nasilunep malaD .1102 tubesret
nakanuggnem sisilanaid edoteM isanibmokgnep nad lanoisaR margorp na CEH - SAR
0.4 .utnetret ajrek napahat iulalem surah aynrihka lisah helorepmem kutnu ,aggniheS .
( nakusamep irad iridret duskamid gnay ajrek napahaT tupni ( sesorp ,) ssecorp nad ,)
( naraulek tuptuo .)
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idutS akatsuP
ataD nalibmagneP
ataD :rednukeS 1 . najuh haruc ataD GKMB
rakanep nuisats ateP .2 najuh haruc 3 nahal anug atat ataD .
ataD nahalogneP
nalupmiseK naraS nad
USU esaniarD narulaS isaulavE nad sisilanA
iaseleS
ialuM
halasaM isakifitnedI
ataD :remirP USU narulaS.AD ifargopot ateP .1
2 . USU narulaS.AD naadaeK ateP 3 ateP . USU esaniard haned 4 . nagnapal ievruS
ar nupadA nacn ga naitilenep n ini rihkA saguT naanaskalep 1.3 rabmaG itrepes :tukireb
1.3 rabmaG rihkA saguT naanaskalep anacner napahat akgnareK
naledomeP CEH - SAR
igolordiH sisilanA
akiluardiH sisilanA
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.3 6 ataD nalupmugneP
nalupmugneP naitilenep isamrofni aumes naktapadnem kutnu nakukalid atad
atres iduts isakol adap akiluardih nad igolordih sisilanagnem malad anugreb gnay
naisanibmokgnep CEH - 0.4 SAR ataD .gnukudnep margorp iagabes - tubesret atad
d atres tubesret iduts isakol atad apureb ata ajuh haruc aparebeb nakrasadreb nanalub n
1002 nuhat najuh haruc rakgnanep nuisats aggnih nadaB irad helorepid gnay 0102
.nadeM ilapmaS )GKMB( akisifoeG nad ,igolotamilK ,igoloroeteM nautas latigid ateP
( nahal anug atat ,hanat sinej esudnal D satab nad ) SADPB irad helorepid ileD SA
upmaW - .nadeM ralU ieS
.3 7 alogneP ataD sisilanA nad nah
naidajek lisah sisilanagnem nad iracnem kutnu nakulrepid atad nahalogneP
pait kutnu mumu araces gnutihid gnay akiluardih nad igolordih retemarap nakrasadreb -
,nemele pait namargomep igab nakusam nakapurem nad CEH - SAR iagabes tupni .
( nakusamep haleteS tupni namargomep malad akiluardih nad igolordih retemarap irad )
CEH - SAR id naidumek ini ( sesorp ssecorp ) iracid gnay nagnutihrep nakrasadreb nad
naklisahgnem ( naraulek tuptuo ) gnay lisah irad esaniard nahurulesek narabmag apureb
irad narilagnep iagabes isnemid agit nupuam isnemid aud araces kiab tapadid
( nakusamep telni ( nagnaubmep ek iapmas ) teltuo hadumrepmem aggnihes )
latigid kutneb malad rabmag natamagnep .
8.3 sisilanA Hi igolord
halognem nataigek itupilem ini iduts adap nakukalid gnay igolordih sisilanA
.)rijnab( nasapmil tibed agrah naktapadid iapmas hatnem atad ataD iakapid gnay najuh
sisilana kutnu irad lasareb ini 3 ( agit hayaliw id adareb gnay nuisats ) ,nadeM atok
ay .atS :uti nagnutnuT tanidrook id ;UL 442005,3( ,)TB 815036,89 gnayamueS ieS .atS
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id drook ;UL 0397285,3( tani )TB 743385,89 tanidrook id ainoloP .atS nad , 0397285,3(
UL 0397285,3( )TB 743385,89 ;UL )TB 743385,89 ; najuh atad nahalogneP .
sumur nakanuggnem ataR - .II baB adap )92.2( naamasrep adap rabajlA atar
1.8.3 najuH haruC isneukerF sisilanA
haruc helorepmem kutnu halada ini najuh haruc isneukerf sisilana irad naujuT
atad halada nakanugid gnay najuh ataD .gnalu adoirep aparebeb nagned najuh nanalub
skam mumi . ini sisilana adaP id kutnu isubirtsid sisilana adotem aparebeb nakanug
iakapid gnay adoteM .utnetret gnalu edoirep nuhat nagned najuh haruc nakarikrepmem
haread najuh isubirtsid kitsiretkarak tahilem nagned nakutnetid surah aynitnan
edoireP .tapmetes gnisam adap gnutihid naka gnay gnalu - kutnu halada edotem gnisam
,5 ,2 gnalu edoirep 01 nad .nuhat
.1 lamroN isubirtsiD adoteM
nakapureM F isgnu D isubirtsi K nagned lanekid uata lamroN )FDC( fitalumu
( ssuaG isubirtsid noitubirtsiD naissuaG isubirtsiD .) N isgnuf ikilimem lamro
satilibaborp nataparek .II baB adap )2.2( naamasrep adap tahilid tapad gnay
.2 lamroN goL isubirtsiD adoteM
nakanuggnem anacner najuh haruc nagnutihrep lamroN goL isubirtsid kutnU
naamasrep I baB adap )7.2( naamasrep nagned iapmas )3.2( .I
.3 III epyT nosraeP isubirtsiD adoteM
isgnuf adap anahredes araces isubirtsid tafis rotkaf nakanuggnem ini edoteM
tapad ini nakanugid gnay sumuR .III epyT nosraeP isubirtsid gnaulep nataparek
.II baB adap )8.2( naamasrep adap atahlid
.4 goL isubirtsiD adoteM III epyT nosraeP
ini III epyT nosraeP isubirtsid gnaulep nataparek isgnuf anahredes araceS tapad
.II baB adap )21.2( naamasrep nagned iapmas )9.2( naamasrep adap tahilid
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.5 kE I epyT lebmuG isubirtsiD adoteM s lamert
d nakanugid kaynab lebmuG isubirtsid adoteM najuh isneukerf sisilana mala
nagned iapmas )31.2( naamasrep adap itrepes sumur iaynupmem gnay
.II baB adap )51.2( naamasrep
nakanugrepmem ini najuh haruc isneukerf kutnu ayntujnales atad nahalogneP
margorP adamS - swodniW rof 21.2 birtsiD lacitsitatS , sisylanA noitubirtsiD lisaH .
nakijasid nakukalid gnay atad nahalognep adap .naripmal naidumeK lebat nakijasid
nuisats adap najuh isneukerf nagnutihrep emuser - nagned gnutihid gnay nuisats
.isneukerf isubirtsid nagnutihrep edotem )amil( 5 nakanugrepmem
iraD najuh isarud kutnu lanoisar fargordih naktahilrepmem .)a( 2.3 rabmaG
utiay isartnesnok utkaw taas idajret mumiskam tibeD .isartnesnok utkaw nagned amas
amasreb aynnial naigab irad narila nagned huaj gnilap gnay tapmet irad narila haletes -
pmetek iapmas amas najuh haletes licegnem ilabmek gnusgnal narila nad narukugnep ta
naka tibed akam ,isartnesnok utkaw irad raseb hibel najuh amal alibapA .itnehreb
licegnem narila naidumek nad itnehreb najuh iapmas mumiskam tibed rasebes natsnok
,ilabmek epid rabmag itrepes .)b( 2.3 rabmaG adap naktahilr
)a( )b(
Q Q
kam Q kam Q
cT t T = cT t T
.3 rabmaG 2 utkaw nagned amas )T( najuh isarud lanoisar fargordih )a( isartnesnok
b hibel )T( najuh isarud )b( 1.1 rabmaG nad ,)cT( ase utkaw adapirad r
sartnesnok .)cT( naatokreP esaniarD )8002( ilseW ,
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2.8.3 ijU nakococeK isubirtsiD
gnay narabes hakapa ijugnem kutnu halada narabes nakococek naijugneP
nataubmep malad hilipid evruc noitarud .aynsiripme narabes nagned kococ naijugneP
edotem nagned nakukalid retemarap vonrimS - forogomloK .
fitalumuk satilibaborp aratna nagnidnabrep pukacnem aynrasad rudesorP
,n narukureb gnay lepmaS .uajnitid gnay isgnuf fitalumuk isubirtsid nad nagnapal
iraD .takgninem gnay naturu nagned rutaid utaus kutnebmem naka rutaid gnay atad
:tukireb iagabes halada ini naijugnep rudesorP .aggnat fitalumuk isneukerf isgnuf
.5 aynraseb nakutnet nad )aynkilabes uata licek ek raseb irad( atad nakturU
gnisam irad gnaulep - :tubesret atad gnisam
X1 X(P 1 ) X2 X(P 2 X ) n X(P n)
.6 gnisam ialin nakutneT - narabmaggnep lisah irad sitiroet gnaulep gnisam
.atad X1 X(P 1 X ) 2 X(P 2 X ) n X(P n)
.7 gnaulep aratna rasebret hisiles nakutnet tubesret gnaulep ialin audek iraD
ulep nagned natamagnep .sitiroet gna
X( P [ mumiskaM = D m ) X(P m ] )
.8 ( sitirk ialin lebat nakrasadreB vonrimS - tset vorogomloK nakutnet ) N iali
( sitirk oD .)
nakanugid gnay sitiroet isubirtsid akam oD ialin irad licek hibel D ialin alibapA
subirtsid naamasrep nakutnenem kutnu hibel D ialin alibapa ipatet ,amiretid tapad i
isubirtsid nakutnenem kutnu nakanugid gnay sitiroet isubirtsid akam oD ialin irad raseb
.amiretid tapad kadit
.3 8.3 najuH satisnetnI
.utkaw nautasrep najuh ria namaladek uata iggnit halada najuh satisnetnI tafiS
gnurednec aynsatisnetni gnusgnalreb najuh takgnis nikam halada najuh mumu nikam
.aynsatisnetni alup iggnit nikam ayngnalu edoirep raseb nikam nad iggnit
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kiab najuh atad sisilana nakukalem arac nagned helorepid najuh satisnetnI
upuam kitsitats araces nakgnubuhid najuh satisnetni aynasaiB .siripme araces n nagned
.namajmaj nad tinem 06 ,tinem 03 ,tinem 5 aynlasim kednep akgnaj najuh isarud ataD
nagned helorepid tapad aynah ini kednep akgnaj najuh haruc tala nakanuggnem
d alibapA .sitamoto najuh tatacnep kadit kednep akgnaj najuh ata ada gnay ,aidesret
gnutihid tapad najuh satisnetni akam ,nairah najuh atad aynah sumur nagned
ebononoM .II baB )91.2( naamasrep adap tahilid tapad
4.8.3 lanoisaR edoteM
nagned nagnutihrep iakapid ini iduts adap anacner tibed gnutihgnem kutnU
tibed nakutnenem kutnu edotem utas halas halada lanoisar edoteM .lanoisar edotem
utaus nakapurem aynmumu gnay ,najuh haruc helo naktabikaid gnay naakumrep narila
anacnerem kutnu rasad .esaniard narulas tibed nak
ualak idajret mumiskam narilagnep halada lanoisar edotem irad ismusa nupadA
kutnU .aynnarila haread isartnesnok utkaw amal nagned amas najuh haruc utkaw amal
saR sumur akam aH 08 irad raseb hibel aynnarilagnep saul gnay haread araces lanoi
II baB adap )14.2( naamasrep adap tahilid tapad sitametam
9.3 A sisilan akiluardiH
nagnotop adap anamid USU esaniard padahret nakukalid silordih sisilanA
( nakusamep utkaw esaniard gnapmanep emit telni ( naraulegnep utkaw nad ) emit teltuo )
ay atad nakrasadreb gnapmanep satisapak nakutnenem atres tapadid gn - gnay atad
iracnem malaD .nakanacnerid helet gnay tibed satisapak tapadid aggnihes helorepid
nagned naktujnalid )64.2( naamasrep adap halada iakapid gnay sumur narila natapecek
p tibed iracnem .II baB adap )94.2( naamasrep nakanuggnem narulas isnemid ada
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01.3 CEH - 0.4 SAR
CEH - SAR narulas narila nakledomem kutnu isakilpa margorp nakapurem
.aynnial akubret narulas gnapmanep nad ,iagnus ,esaniard itrepes akubret reviR
metsyS sisylanA aubid ,)SAR( helo t retneC gnireenignE cigolordyH gnay )CEH(
hawab id ajrek nautas nakapurem sreenignE fo sproC ymrA SU .)ECASU( CEH - SAR
kat nupuam nenamrep narila isnemid utas ledom nakapurem - dna ydaets( nenamrep
eno ydaetsnu - .)ledom wolf lanoisnemid
CEH - SAR ikilimem ,ateB 4 isreV ,ini taas radereb halet gnay urabret isrev
)2( ,nenamrep narila ria akum liforp nagnutih )1( :isnemid utas ledom nenopmok tapme
satilauk nagnutih )4( nad ,nemides ropsnart nagnutih )3( ,nenamrep kat narila isalumis
.ria )rutarepmet( malad gnitnep nemele utaS CEH - SAR nenopmok tapmeek halada
,amas gnay akiluardih nagnutih enituor ,amas gnay irtemoeg atad iakamem tubesret
akum eliforp nagnutih haletes seskaid tapad gnay kiluardih niased rutif aparebeb atres
.nakukalid ria
CEH - SAR purem lacihparg rutif nakisargetnignem gnay isakilpa margorp naka
atres ,kifarg ,atad nanapmiynep nad nemejanam ,kiluardih sisilana ,ecafretni resu
.naropalep margorp naanuggnep malaD H CE -R SA utiay naktahrepid ulrep gnay , tupni
kutnu atad H CE -R SA ay atad paiteS . utnet hadus naijak isidnok nagned nagnubuhreb gn
nakapurem tupni nanugnab nad narulas ledom kutnu irtemoeg ataD .naledomep adap
atad nakanuggnem ria ievrus lisah nagnapal .isavele naiggnitek atad nad
gnalu edoirep nagned rijnab tibed atad apureb igolordih nagnutihrep ataD
.utnetret avruk nakrasadreb tibed atad naktaafnamem nagned taubid naledomeP
ataD .ria nakaregrep iuhategnem kutnu fargordih natapecek ria ases ta tatacret gnay nad
satab tarays adap tupni idajnem tapad silordih araces sisilanaid hadus .
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I BAB V
ATAD ASILANA NAD IDUTS ISAKOL ISIDNOK
4 1. idutS isakoL mumU isidnoK
1.4 rabmaG aratU aretamuS satisrevinU isakoL
4 1. 1. sataB - naanacnereP hareaD satab
nad natakgnineP agabmeL irad libmaid USU supmak haread ianegnem ataD
igolotamilK nuisatS nad nadeM )USU T3P( USU iggniT naurugreP nagnabmegneP
.nadeM ilapmaS sataB - naanacnerep haread satab a utaus halada USU supmaK laer
d katelret gnay harea ydamatoK uraB nadeM natamacek id supmaK laerA .nadeM a
satab iaynupmem ini nadeM USU - :tukireb iagabes satab
- halebeS U ieS nalaJ gnajnapes kududnep namikumep nagned nasatabreb arat
.gnadaP
- kududnep namikumep nagned nasatabreb rumiT halebeS nalaJ gnajnapes
.arumittaP netipaK
- nalaJ gnajnapes kududnep namikumep nagned nassatabreb taraB halebeS
.nanugnabmeP
- nalaJ gnajnapes kududnep namikumep nagned nasatabreb nataleS halebeS
.irakidreB
USU supmak laera latot sauL halada .2.4 rabmaG id tahilid tapad isakoL ateP .ah 341
84
I BAB V
ATAD ASILANA NAD IDUTS ISAKOL ISIDNOK
4 1. idutS isakoL mumU isidnoK
1.4 rabmaG aratU aretamuS satisrevinU isakoL
4 1. 1. sataB - naanacnereP hareaD satab
nad natakgnineP agabmeL irad libmaid USU supmak haread ianegnem ataD
igolotamilK nuisatS nad nadeM )USU T3P( USU iggniT naurugreP nagnabmegneP
.nadeM ilapmaS sataB - naanacnerep haread satab a utaus halada USU supmaK laer
d katelret gnay harea ydamatoK uraB nadeM natamacek id supmaK laerA .nadeM a
satab iaynupmem ini nadeM USU - :tukireb iagabes satab
- halebeS U ieS nalaJ gnajnapes kududnep namikumep nagned nasatabreb arat
.gnadaP
- kududnep namikumep nagned nasatabreb rumiT halebeS nalaJ gnajnapes
.arumittaP netipaK
- nalaJ gnajnapes kududnep namikumep nagned nassatabreb taraB halebeS
.nanugnabmeP
- nalaJ gnajnapes kududnep namikumep nagned nasatabreb nataleS halebeS
.irakidreB
USU supmak laera latot sauL halada .2.4 rabmaG id tahilid tapad isakoL ateP .ah 341
84
I BAB V
ATAD ASILANA NAD IDUTS ISAKOL ISIDNOK
4 1. idutS isakoL mumU isidnoK
1.4 rabmaG aratU aretamuS satisrevinU isakoL
4 1. 1. sataB - naanacnereP hareaD satab
nad natakgnineP agabmeL irad libmaid USU supmak haread ianegnem ataD
igolotamilK nuisatS nad nadeM )USU T3P( USU iggniT naurugreP nagnabmegneP
.nadeM ilapmaS sataB - naanacnerep haread satab a utaus halada USU supmaK laer
d katelret gnay harea ydamatoK uraB nadeM natamacek id supmaK laerA .nadeM a
satab iaynupmem ini nadeM USU - :tukireb iagabes satab
- halebeS U ieS nalaJ gnajnapes kududnep namikumep nagned nasatabreb arat
.gnadaP
- kududnep namikumep nagned nasatabreb rumiT halebeS nalaJ gnajnapes
.arumittaP netipaK
- nalaJ gnajnapes kududnep namikumep nagned nassatabreb taraB halebeS
.nanugnabmeP
- nalaJ gnajnapes kududnep namikumep nagned nasatabreb nataleS halebeS
.irakidreB
USU supmak laera latot sauL halada .2.4 rabmaG id tahilid tapad isakoL ateP .ah 341
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05
4 1. 2. ifargopoT
laerA katelret nadeM USU supmaK mas m 05,8 aratna sataid m 00,21 iap
aratU nad tuaL taraB halebes id adareb hadneret gnay haread anamiD .tual naakumrep
laera irad ayaD taraB nad nataleS halebes id adareb iggnitret gnay haread nakgnades
.3.4 rabmaG adap tahilid tapad ifargopot naadaeK .USU supmaK
4 1. 3. aT nahaL anuG at
laera adap atat naanuggneP K :tukireb iagabes halada nadeM USU supma
o nad ,tikas hamur ,muirotarobal ,nahailukrep gnudeg ,rotnak( mumu nanugnaB
nial - )nial .
o ,nesod ffats nahamureP amarsa j nad nala - satlukaf ratna gnubuhgnep nalaj .
o nagnapaL ikrap r p , akubret nagnapal nad nanamatre .
4 1. .4 milkI
kutnU aratna narasikreb erutarepmet ,nadeM USU supmaK hared 12 ,9o C
iapmas 23 o najuh isubirtsiD .sanap awahreb gnay nakatakid ini haread aggnihes C
nalub apnat nuhat gnajnapes atarem pukuc - s ,gnirek nalub haread kutnu aggnihe
utnenem kadit asib najuh misum nagned iadnatid gnay rijnab misum ini USU supmaK
.nuhat gnajnapes
4 1. .5 nalaJ nagniraJ d esaniarD na
nagniraJ nad amatu nalaj aparebeb irad iridret USU supmaK haread id nalaj
ratna gnubuhgnep nalaj nalaj ,satlukaf - gnay esaniard narulas iaynupmem tubesret nalaj
kadit gnay ada hisam tapmet aparebeb adap ipatet nalaj isis audek adap naktapmetid
.esaniard iaynupmem
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4 1. .6 narulaS naadaeK
malad hisam USU supmaK id ada gnay narulas isidnok aynmumu adaP
gnapmanep nagned akubret narulas irad iridret raseb naigabes narulaS .kiab naadaek
aynmumu nalaj ipet id narulas ek nanugnab irad najuh ria narilagnep kutnu ,muisepart
.pututret narulas nagned esaniard halada
4 1. .7 isakoL - rijnaB isakol
jninep lisah iraD nakumetid akam gnusgnal araces natamagnep nad naua
:utiay ,USU supmaK id rijnab isakol aparebeb
o laJ naped irad ialum satisrevinU na M gnaggnaleG apmas awsisaha i
.rusnaM .rD nalaJ nagnapmisrep
o gnajnapeS .rusnaM .rD nalaJ
o gnudeg irad ialum I uraB nalaJ nagnapmisrep ek iapmas kinketiloP nahailukrep
.ruysnaM .rD nalaJ
4 1. .8 gnaubmeP narulaS
arubaB iagnuS ek gnaubid USU supmaK haread id hutaj gnay najuh riA
iulalem 4 :utiay ,gnaubmep narulas haub
.1 gnaubmep narulaS anoZ lum I mas onosramuS .rD nalaJ irad ia nalaJ iap
gnorog iulalem naidumek arumittaP netipaK - iagnuS ek )ilaggneB itit( gnorog
.arubaB
.2 p narulaS J irad ialum II anoZ gnaubme haub aud iulalem nayfoS .rD nala
gnorog - gnisam gnorog - J id gnisam etipaK nalaJ nad irakidreB nala arumittaP n
T( apmas )etnaR iti .arubaB iagnuS ek i
.3 S J irad ialum III anoZ gnaubmep narula nala esaniard iulalem satisrevinU
gnorog naidumek - aerA nadeM .gG nalaJ naakumrep hawab id raseb gnorog
.arubaB iagnuS ek iapmas arumitaP netipaK nalaJ gnotomem atres
.4 d ialum VI anoZ gnaubmep narulaS netipaK nalaJ ujunem rusnaM .rD nalaJ ira
arubaB iagnuS ek iapmas arumittaP .
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9.1.4 esaniarD narulaS gnapmaneP Y adA gna
.4 rabmaG 6 muiseparT gnapmaT
di ,)m( narulas sata gnapmat rabel = B :anam = h ,)m( narulas rasad rabel = b
.)m( naagaj iggnit = f )m( ria naiggnitek
:5.4 rabmaG adaP lebaT nagnareteK
.)gnaubmep narulas( teltuO = O
di iraJ = R ,narulas nagnirimek = m :anam - nagnirimek( epolS= S ,)m( silordih iraj
)narulas .
E isidnoK 1.4 lebaT gnitsisk .USU esaniarD gnaubmeP narulaS
anoZ maneP
h b B f m R S otoF
gnap )m( )m( )m( )m( )m( nagnapaL
1 O1-1 1.1 6.2 0.3 11.0 8181.0 7695.0 9200.0
bb
2
O2-1 2.1 2.1 0.2 21.0 3333.0 6484.0 6100.0
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3
O3-1
5.1=D 21.0 3333.0 0034.0 46700.0
4 O4-1 8.0 1 6.1 80.0 0573.0 3063.0 11100.0
rebmuS ( : ievruS nad USU ataD ).
01.1.4 adA gnaY narulaS satisapaK nagnutihreP
aynraseb iuhategnem kutnu naujutreb ada gnay narulas satisapak nagnutihreP
upmam gnay tibed aggnihes ,tubesret narulas helo nakrilaid upmam gnay tibed
lortnokid tapad igolordih asilana nakrasadreb aynitnan tubesret narulas helo nakrilaid
.kadit uata nakanugid tapad hisam tubesret narulas hakapa
narulaS - noteb gninil nagned narulas halada USU supmaK id ada gnay narulas
ailag apureb gninil apnat narulas nad gnay narulas satisapak ini lah malaD .hanat n
isnemid naka gninil apnat narulas nakgnades ,gninil nagned narilas halaynah gnutihid
.II baB adap )94.2( nad )64.2( naamasrep nakrasadreb anacner satisapak nakrasadreb
nagnutihreP uisepart gnapmat kutnu lortnok m:
= V
. /. /
= .
= . . /. /
di iraj = R ,narulas hasab gnapmat saul = A :anam - gnililek = P ,P/A = silordih iraj
.gninnaM narasakek neisifeok = n ,narulas rasad nagnirimek = S ,hasab
nagnutihrep ayntujnaleS 2.4 lebaT adap tahilid tapad narulas satisapak
.4.4 rabmaG adap tahilid tapad uajnitid gnay gnapmanep gnotop kitit nakgnades
gnoroG 2
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:lebat nagnareteK
,hazmaH = H ,haifanaH ukgneT = T ,saaM = M ,satisrevinU = U
nayfoS = F ,nianrakluZ = Z ,alisacnaP = P ,mikaH ludbA = A ,II uraB = R ,
I uraB = B ,)gnaubmep narulas( teltuO = O ,onosramuS = S ,ruysnaM = N
:narulas aparebeb nagnutihreP
.1 U narulas gnapmaneP 1 )USU satisrevinU nalaJ( 3 anoZ id
narulaS gnapmaneP sauL retem 0225.0 = A : 2
7800.2 = P :hasab gnilileK
iraJ - 9952.0 = P/A = R :silordih iraj
12100,0 = S :narulas rasad nagnirimeK
510.0 = n :noteb kutnu gninnaM narasakek neisifeoK
= V .
/. /
= /1 .0 510 . 0. 9952 2/3. 0. 12100 1/2 m 4449.0 = 2 ted/
.
Q 0, 0225 . 0, 4449 0. 9294 m3 ted/
.2 U narulas gnapmaneP 3 )USU satisrevinU nalaJ( 3 anoZ id
narulaS gnapmaneP sauL retem 0225.0 = A : 2
7800.2 = P :hasab gnilileK
iraJ - 9952.0 = P/A = R :silordih iraj
12100,0 = S :narulas rasad nagnirimeK
innaM narasakek neisifeoK 510.0 = n :noteb kutnu gn
= V
. /. /
= /1 .0 510 . 0. 9952 2/3. 0. 12100 1/2 m 4449.0 = 2 ted/
.
Q 0, 0225 . 0, 4449 0. 9294 m3 ted/
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.3 narulas gnapmaneP O3 )aerA nadeM gnaG( 3 anoZ id
gnorog loir retemaiD - retem 05.1 = D :gnorog
iraJ - r :narakgnil iraj D x 5,0 =
05,1 x 5,0 =
retem 57.0 =
7.4 rabmaG narulaS narakgniL gnapmaT
:alib mumiskam tibeD
451 = 0
081 = 0 451 0 62 = 0
DA : DA gnajnaP soC r =
62 soC 57,0 = 0
1476.0 =
CB : CB gnajnaP niS D =
62 niS 05,1 = 0\
m 6456,0 =
A :hasab gnapmat sauL
= A 2 . 451 0
063 0 . . r2
1
2 . )DA . CB(
= 2 . 4510
063 0 . ( . )57,0 2 + 1
2 )14760,0 . 6756,0( .
m 5337,1 = 2
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P :hasab gnilileK
= P 2 . 451 0
063 0 . . D
= 2 . 451 0
063 0 . . m 05.1
m 7130,4 =
iraJ - = R :silordiH irajA
P =
1, 5337
4, 7130 0034,0 =
narasakek neisifeoK 510.0 = n :noteb kutnu gninnaM
= V
. /. /
= /1 .0 510 . 0. 9952 2/3. 0. 12100 1/2 m 4449.0 = 2 ted/
.
Q 0, 0225 . 0, 4449 0. 9294 m3 ted/
:tibeD sumuR
. . /. /
1. 5337 . 1/0, 510 . 0, 0034 2/3. 0, 46700 1/2
5, 9557 m /3 ted
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.adA gnaY narulaS tukgnA satisapaK nagnutihreP 2.4 lebaT
gnapmaneP h b B f m A P R S Q
1 anoZ )m( )m( )m( )m( m( 2) )m( )m( m( 3 )ted /
U4 8.0 5.0 1 80.0 5213.0 225.0 7800.2 9952.0 12100.0 9294.0
U 01 8.0 1 6.1 80.0 573.0 4419.0 9735.2 3063.0 6100.0 6432.1
U 11 8.0 1 6.1 80.0 573.0 4419.0 9735.2 3063.0 6100.0 6432.1
K1 8.0 7.0 9.0 80.0 521.0 8865.0 2151.2 4462.0 77400.0 9870.1
K2 8.0 7.0 9.0 80.0 521.0 8865.0 2151.2 4462.0 77400.0 9870.1
K3 8.0 7.0 9.0 80.0 521.0 8865.0 2151.2 4462.0 77400.0 9870.1
K4 8.0 7.0 9.0 80.0 521.0 8865.0 2151.2 4462.0 77400.0 9870.1
M1 8.0 8.0 2.1 80.0 52.0 6507.0 3482.2 9803.0 11100.0 5217.0
M2 8.0 5.0 1 80.0 5213.0 225.0 7800.2 9952.0 12100.0 9294.0
M6 8.0 8.0 2.1 80.0 52.0 6507.0 3482.2 9803.0 11100.0 5217.0
M7 2.1 2.1 2 21.0 3333.0 8486.1 8674.3 6484.0 48200.0 8296.3
R2 1 1.1 6.1 1.0 52.0 5291.1 4559.2 5304.0 44100.0 3746.1
R5 1 8.0 2.1 1.0 2.0 288.0 6536.2 6433.0 26100.0 7041.1
R6 1 8.0 2.1 1.0 2.0 288.0 6536.2 6433.0 26100.0 7041.1
H1 8.0 7.0 9.0 80.0 521.0 8865.0 2151.2 4462.0 77400.0 9870.1
gnubmasreb -
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gnapmaneP h b B f m A P R S Q
1 anoZ )m( )m( )m( )m( m( 2) )m( )m( m( 3 )ted /
H2 8.0 7.0 9.0 80.0 521.0 8865.0 2151.2 4462.0 77400.0 9870.1
B4 1 1 6.1 1.0 3.0 341.1 3978.2 793.0 44100.0 9165.1
B5 1 1 6.1 1.0 3.0 341.1 3978.2 793.0 44100.0 9165.1
B6 1 1 6.1 1.0 3.0 341.1 3978.2 793.0 3900.0 2552.1
B7 1 1 6.1 1.0 3.0 341.1 3978.2 793.0 3900.0 2552.1
B8 1 1 6.1 1.0 3.0 341.1 3978.2 793.0 3900.0 2552.1
Z1 kadiT adA narulaS
Z2 8.0 7.0 9.0 80.0 521.0 8865.0 2151.2 4462.0 77400.0 9870.1
P1 8.0 1 6.1 80.0 573.0 4419.0 9735.2 3063.0 46000.0 9087.0
P2 8.0 7.0 9.0 80.0 521.0 8865.0 2151.2 4462.0 77400.0 9870.1
P3 8.0 7.0 9.0 80.0 521.0 8865.0 2151.2 4462.0 77400.0 9870.1
P4 8.0 7.0 9.0 80.0 521.0 8865.0 2151.2 4462.0 77400.0 9870.1
P5 8.0 7.0 9.0 80.0 521.0 8865.0 2151.2 4462.0 77400.0 9870.1
N1 8.0 6.0 1 80.0 52.0 6165.0 3480.2 4962.0 96300.0 8849.0
N2 8.0 6.0 1 80.0 52.0 6165.0 3480.2 4962.0 96300.0 8849.0
gnubmasreb -
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gnapmaneP h b B f m A P R S Q
1 anoZ )m( )m( )m( )m( m( 2) )m( )m( m( 3 )ted /
N3 8.0 6.0 1 80.0 52.0 6165.0 3480.2 4962.0 96300.0 8849.0
N4 8.0 6.0 1 80.0 52.0 6165.0 3480.2 4962.0 36200.0 108.0
N5 8.0 6.0 1 80.0 52.0 6165.0 3480.2 4962.0 36200.0 108.0
N6 8.0 6.0 1 80.0 5213.0 225.0 7800.2 9952.0 48200.0 2557.0
N7 2.1 2.1 2 21.0 3333.0 8486.1 8674.3 6484.0 48200.0 8296.3
N8 2.1 2.1 2 21.0 3333.0 8486.1 8674.3 6484.0 48200.0 8296.3
N9 2.1 2.1 2 21.0 3333.0 8486.1 8674.3 6484.0 48200.0 8296.3
N 01 2.1 2.1 2 21.0 3333.0 8486.1 8674.3 6484.0 48200.0 8296.3
N 11 2.1 2.1 2 21.0 3333.0 8486.1 8674.3 6484.0 44100.0 5926.2
N 21 2.1 2.1 2 21.0 3333.0 8486.1 8674.3 6484.0 44100.0 5926.2
N 31 2.1 2.1 2 21.0 3333.0 8486.1 8674.3 6484.0 44100.0 5926.2
S1 8.0 6.0 1 80.0 52.0 6165.0 3480.2 4962.0 77400.0 7870.1
S2 8.0 6.0 1 80.0 52.0 6165.0 3480.2 4962.0 77400.0 7870.1
S3 1.1 1 4.1 11.0 8181.0 2861.1 5210.3 8783.0 36200.0 9321.2
S4 8.0 7.0 9.0 80.0 521.0 8865.0 2151.2 4462.0 77400.0 9870.1
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gnapmaneP h b B f m A P R S Q
1 anoZ )m( )m( )m( )m( m( 2) )m( )m( m( 3 )ted /
S5 8.0 7.0 9.0 80.0 521.0 8865.0 2151.2 4462.0 77400.0 9870.1
S6 8.0 7.0 1 80.0 5781.0 2106.0 1561.2 7772.0 36200.0 9478.0
S7 8.0 7.0 1 80.0 5781.0 2106.0 1561.2 7772.0 36200.0 9478.0
S8 8.0 7.0 1 80.0 5781.0 2106.0 1561.2 7772.0 36200.0 9478.0
S9 8.0 7.0 1 80.0 5781.0 2106.0 1561.2 7772.0 36200.0 9478.0
gnapmaneP h b B f m A P R S Q
2 anoZ )m( )m( )m( )m( m( 2) )m( )m( m( 3 )ted /
U5 2.1 2.1 2 21.0 3333.0 8486.1 8674.3 6484.0 76100.0 8138.2
U6 2.1 2.1 2 21.0 3333.0 8486.1 8674.3 6484.0 76100.0 8138.2
U7 2.1 2.1 2 21.0 3333.0 8486.1 8674.3 6484.0 76100.0 8138.2
T1 8.0 7.0 9.0 80.0 521.0 8865.0 2151.2 4462.0 77400.0 9870.1
F1 8.0 8.0 6.1 80.0 5.0 2538.0 14.2 6643.0 49200.0 6984.1
F2 8.0 8.0 6.1 80.0 5.0 2538.0 14.2 6643.0 49200.0 6984.1
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gnapmaneP h b B f m A P R S Q
2 anoZ )m( )m( )m( )m( m( 2) )m( )m( m( 3 )ted /
F4 8.0 8.0 6.1 80.0 5.0 2538.0 14.2 6643.0 13000.0 7384.0
F5 8.0 8.0 6.1 80.0 5.0 2538.0 14.2 6643.0 13000.0 7384.0
F6 8.0 8.0 6.1 80.0 5.0 2538.0 14.2 6643.0 13000.0 7384.0
A6 8.0 1 6.1 80.0 573.0 4419.0 9735.2 3063.0 67100.0 9492.1
gnapmaneP h b B f m A P R S Q
3 anoZ )m( )m( )m( )m( m( 2) )m( )m( m( 3 )ted /
U1 8.0 5.0 1 80.0 5213.0 225.0 7800.2 9952.0 12100.0 9294.0
U2 8.0 5.0 1 80.0 5213.0 225.0 7800.2 9952.0 12100.0 9294.0
U3 8.0 5.0 1 80.0 5213.0 225.0 7800.2 9952.0 12100.0 9294.0
U8 8.0 1 6.1 80.0 573.0 4419.0 9735.2 3063.0 6100.0 6432.1
U9 8.0 1 6.1 80.0 573.0 4419.0 9735.2 3063.0 6100.0 6432.1
M1 8.0 8.0 2.1 80.0 52.0 6507.0 3482.2 9803.0 11100.0 5217.0
M4 8.0 1 6.1 80.0 573.0 4419.0 9735.2 3063.0 67100.0 9492.1
gnubmasreb -
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gnapmaneP h b B f m A P R S Q
3 anoZ )m( )m( )m( )m( m( 2) )m( )m( m( 3 )ted /
M5 8.0 1 6.1 80.0 573.0 4419.0 9735.2 3063.0 67100.0 9492.1
T2 8.0 1 6.1 80.0 573.0 4419.0 9735.2 3063.0 67100.0 9492.1
T3 8.0 1 6.1 80.0 573.0 4419.0 9735.2 3063.0 67100.0 9492.1
R0 8.0 5.0 1 80.0 5213.0 225.0 7800.2 9952.0 12100.0 9294.0
R1 1 1.1 6.1 1.0 52.0 5291.1 4559.2 5304.0 44100.0 3746.1
R3 8.0 7.0 9.0 80.0 521.0 8865.0 2151.2 4462.0 77400.0 9870.1
R4 8.0 1 6.1 80.0 573.0 4419.0 9735.2 3063.0 67100.0 9492.1
B1 1 1.1 6.1 1.0 52.0 5291.1 4559.2 5304.0 44100.0 3746.1
B2 1 1.1 6.1 1.0 52.0 5291.1 4559.2 5304.0 44100.0 3746.1
B3 1 1.1 6.1 1.0 52.0 5291.1 4559.2 5304.0 44100.0 3746.1
F3 8.0 7.0 6.1 80.0 5265.0 6597.0 2253.2 2833.0 49200.0 1693.1
A1 8.0 7.0 9.0 80.0 521.0 8865.0 2151.2 4462.0 77400.0 9870.1
A2 8.0 1 6.1 80.0 573.0 4419.0 9735.2 3063.0 67100.0 9492.1
A3 1 1 6.1 1.0 3.0 341.1 3978.2 793.0 3900.0 2552.1
A4 1 1 6.1 1.0 3.0 341.1 3978.2 793.0 3900.0 2552.1
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gnapmaneP h b B f m A P R S Q
3 anoZ )m( )m( )m( )m( m( 2) )m( )m( m( 3 )ted /
A5 1 1 6.1 1.0 3.0 341.1 3978.2 793.0 3900.0 2552.1
A7 8.0 7.0 9.0 80.0 521.0 8865.0 2151.2 4462.0 77400.0 9870.1
A8 8.0 7.0 9.0 80.0 521.0 8865.0 2151.2 4462.0 77400.0 9870.1
P6 8.0 1 6.1 80.0 573.0 4419.0 9735.2 3063.0 11100.0 4820.1
P7 8.0 1 6.1 80.0 573.0 4419.0 9735.2 3063.0 11100.0 4820.1
P8 40.1 5.1 72.2 21.0 5333.0 6681.2 9735.2 5168.0 11100.0 9781.3
P9 40.1 5.1 72.2 21.0 5333.0 6681.2 9735.2 5168.0 11100.0 9781.3
P 01 8.0 1 6.1 80.0 573.0 4419.0 9735.2 3063.0 11100.0 4820.1
P 11 8.0 1 6.1 80.0 573.0 4419.0 9735.2 3063.0 11100.0 4820.1
gnapmaneP h b B f m A P R S Q
gnaubmeP )m( )m( )m( )m( m( 2) )m( )m( m( 3 )ted /
O1-1 1.1 6.2 3 11.0 8181.0 2257.2 5216.4 7695.0 9200.0 300.7
O2-1 2.1 2.1 2 21.0 3333.0 8486.1 9674.3 6484.0 76100.0 9138.2
O3-1
05.1=D 21.0 3333.0 5337.1 7130.4 34.0 46700.0 9557.5
O4-1 8.0 1 6.1 80.0 573.0 4419.0 9735.2 3063.0 11100.0 4820.1
- muS reb ( : ataD nahalogneP nad sisilanA )
gnoroG 2
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4. 11.1 naagaJ iggniT
uata naagaj iggniT eerf - draob narulas satisapak helo nakutnetid narulas adap
iapmas 5 aratna narasikreb utiay ,)h( ria iggnit nakrasadreb tapad uata % 03 irad
.)h( ria naiggnitek
4.2 igolordiH sisilanA
p nakukalid gnay igolordih sisilanA halognem nataigek itupilem ini iduts ada
.)rijnab( nasapmil tibed agrah naktapadid iapmas hatnem atad ataD iakapid gnay najuh
sisilana kutnu irad lasareb ini 3 ( agit hayaliw id adareb gnay nuisats ) ,nadeM atok
.atS :utiay nagnutnuT tanidrook id 442005,3( ,)TB 815036,89 ; UL ieS .atS
id gnayamueS )TB 743385,89 ; UL 0397285,3( tanidrook id ainoloP .atS nad ,
tanidrook .)TB 743385,89 ; UL 0397285,3( )TB 743385,89 ; UL 0397285,3(
kutnu akam iridnes narulas narila haread satab ikilimem USU supmaK nakanerakiD
ep naanuggn nesseihT nogiloP tubesret nakanugid gnay ini lah malad ,nakanugid kadit
arac halada ataR - rabajlA atar nad licek gnay haread nasaul ikilimem USU anerak
irad najuh haruc napakgnat haread utas nagned natakedreb aynah id ainoloP .atS
tanidrook 7285,3( )TB 743385,89 ; UL 0397285,3( )TB 743385,89 ; UL 039 tubesret .
eP irad helorepid halet gnay tanidrook irad tapadid najuh haruc nuisats nakatelr
gnem nagned nadeM ilapmaS GKMB - tupni margorp malad ek isrev htarE elgooG
7439.33711.0.5 itrepes rabmaG 4. .6 naD haruc napakgnat haread atep tubesret najuh
adap tahilid tapad .7.4 rabmaG
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.4 rabmaG d nuisatS isidnoK 8 7439.33711.0.5 isrev htraE elgooG mala
rabmaG 4.9 USU najuH haruC napakgnaT hareaD ateP
86
.4 rabmaG d nuisatS isidnoK 8 7439.33711.0.5 isrev htraE elgooG mala
rabmaG 4.9 USU najuH haruC napakgnaT hareaD ateP
86
.4 rabmaG d nuisatS isidnoK 8 7439.33711.0.5 isrev htraE elgooG mala
rabmaG 4.9 USU najuH haruC napakgnaT hareaD ateP
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2.4 .1 najuH haruC isneukerF sisilanA
haruc helorepmem kutnu halada ini najuh haruc isneukerf sisilana irad naujuT
.gnalu adoirep aparebeb nagned najuh macamreb tapadreT - kutnu adotem macam
utkaw malad najuh satisnetni kutnu amaturet ,najuh satisnetni nakutnenem gnay
gnay najuh haruc satisnetni sisilana adotem ,iakapid gnay atad tafis uajnitiD .kednep
:sata igabid
,kednep gnay utkaw malad tatacid gnay najuh satisnetni atad iakameM atad iagabes gnalu edoirep iagabreb kutnu mumiskam nairah najuh haruc iakameM
.sisab
najuh haruc nuisats aparebeb id najuh haruc atad sisilana nahalognep iraD
0002 nuhat irad mumiskam nairah najuh haruc nakrasadreb - gniknar tapadid ,0102
.ini hawabid lebat malad tapadret gnay lanoiger najuh haruc
ataR nagnutihreP 3.4 lebaT - eaD rabajlA atar .USU narulaS narilA har
LANOIGER NAJUH HARUC GNIKNAR )mm( MUMISKAM NAIRAH NAD NANALUB
.oN naJ beF raM rpA ieM nuJ luJ tgA peS tkO voN seD
.raH.skaM
1 021 15 48 411 851 86 69 69 122 481 402 871 25
2 971 46 821 631 122 941 362 522 793 964 243 503 07
3 812 87 971 781 143 342 903 403 595 684 363 193 68
4 603 99 142 891 634 313 863 033 257 695 214 024 19
5 133 441 282 443 805 104 864 873 867 508 374 874 89
6 973 761 592 673 065 434 694 954 888 288 515 665 001
7 714 122 163 993 585 974 135 284 969 309 836 126 411
8 035 632 844 984 226 805 495 116 5301 469 297 147 811
9 385 554 754 075 096 626 236 767 6211 3901 239 918 021
01 137 007 006 457 787 777 996 768 9521 4471 1421 049 441
halmuJ 4973 5122 4703 6653 6094 9993 7544 9154 9008 7218 2195 8545 299 ataR -atar 973 222 703 753 194 004 644 254 108 318 195 645 99
rebmuS : ( ataD nahalogneP nad sisilanA ) mumiskaM ataD =
Universitas Sumatera Utara
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ini sisilana adaP id kutnu isubirtsid sisilana adotem aparebeb nakanug
nakarikrepmem iakapid gnay adoteM .utnetret gnalu edoirep nuhat nagned najuh haruc
haread najuh isubirtsid kitsiretkarak tahilem nagned nakutnetid surah aynitnan
gnisam adap gnutihid naka gnay gnalu edoireP .tapmetes - kutnu halada edotem gnisam
,5 ,2 gnalu edoirep 01 nad .nuhat
nakanugrepmem ini najuh haruc isneukerf kutnu ayntujnales atad nahalogneP
margorP adamS - swodniW rof 21.2 birtsiD sisylanA noitubirtsiD lacitsitatS , lisaH .
nakijasid nakukalid gnay atad nahalognep adap .naripmal naidumeK lebat nakijasid
nuisats adap najuh isneukerf nagnutihrep emuser - nagned gnutihid gnay nuisats
isneukerf isubirtsid nagnutihrep edotem )amil( 5 nakanugrepmem :utiay
.1 lamroN isubirtsiD adoteM
nakapureM F isgnu D isubirtsi K ned lanekid uata lamroN )FDC( fitalumu nag
( ssuaG isubirtsid noitubirtsiD naissuaG isubirtsiD .) N nataparek isgnuf ikilimem lamro
satilibaborp :utiay naamasreP .II baB adap )2.2( naamasrep adap tahilid tapad gnay
=
. . . pxe
.
anam id nad gnisam gnay ,kitsitats retemarap halada - atar ialin halada gnisam - atar
.tairav irad isaived radnats nad tapad isalumis nagnutihrep ataD 4.4 lebaT adap tahilid
tukireb :
.lamroN isubirtsiD adoteM 4.4 lebaT
noitubirtsiD lamroN :sisylanA noitubirtsiD --------------- ataD fo yrammuS ---------------
)naem( tnemoM tsriF
3.99 tnemoM dnoceS
407
wekS
- 2931.0 ecnedeecxE nruteR detaluclaC dradnatS ytilibaborP doireP eulaV noitaiveD 9.0 01 6803.331 4046.31 8.0 5 8626.121 8569.01 766.0 3 6147.011 4731.9 5.0 2 2003.99 5093.8
Universitas Sumatera Utara
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.2 retemaraP 2 lamroN goL isubirtsiD adoteM
nakanuggnem anacner najuh haruc nagnutihrep lamroN goL isubirtsid kutnU
naamasrep :halada aynnaamasreP .II baB adap )7.2( naamasrep nagned iapmas )3.2(
=
. . . . pxe
.
:anam id , nad . naamasreP : = + k.
=
=
() ; =
:anam id X RT ,atad halmuj = n ,t gnalu edoirep nagned najuh haruc aynraseb = gol x =
atar mumiskam nairah najuh haruc - isneukerf rotkaf = k ,kimtiragol agrah malad atar
f iagabes( ,retemaraP 2 lamroN goL irad C ,isairav neisifeok irad isgnu v edoirep nad ;
,)t gnalu S gol x nad ,aynkimtiragol agrah malad atad naiakgnar irad isaived dradnats =
Cv .retemaraP v lamroN goL irad isairav neisifeok = tapad isalumis nagnutihrep ataD
tukireb 5.4 lebaT adap tahilid :
lebaT 5.4 retemaraP 2 lamroN goL isubirtsiD adoteM .
lamroN goL retemaraP 2 :sisylanA noitubirtsiD --------------- ataD fo yrammuS ---------------
)naem( tnemoM tsriF
3.99 tnemoM dnoceS
407
wekS
- 2931.0 ecnedeecxE nruteR detaluclaC dradnatS ytilibaborP doireP eulaV noitaiveD 9.0 01 6423.431 9666.51 8.0 5 3856.911 9961.21 766.0 3 1734.701 766.9 5.0 2 5439.59 999.7
.3 III epyT nosraeP isubirtsiD adoteM
adap anahredes araces isubirtsid tafis rotkaf nakanuggnem ini edoteM isgnuf
tapad ini nakanugid gnay sumuR .III epyT nosraeP isubirtsid gnaulep nataparek
:utiay II baB adap )8.2( naamasrep adap atahlid
xt = xi K + T S. i
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anam id x : i ek atad = -i S , i = C , isaived radnats s = ssenweks neisifeok nad , KT =
rtsid tafis rotkaf gnay sC aynraseb irad isgnuf nakapurem gnay ,III epyT nosraeP isubi
adap nakujnutid T leba tukireb iagabes 6.4 :
6.4 lebaT III epyT nosraeP isubirtsiD adoteM .
III epyT nosraeP :sisylanA noitubirtsiD --------------- ataD fo yrammuS ---------------
)naem( tnemoM tsriF
1.601 tnemoM dnoceS
4.596
wekS
5979.0 ecnedeecxE nruteR detaluclaC dradnatS ytilibaborP doireP eulaV noitaiveD 9.0 01 2021.231 5737.9 8.0 5 2749.121 6658.8 766.0 3 649.111 2268.8 5.0 2 3678.001 7041.9
.4 III epyT nosraeP goL isubirtsiD adoteM
ini III epyT nosraeP isubirtsid gnaulep nataparek isgnuf anahredes araceS
II baB adap )21.2( naamasrep nagned iapmas )9.2( naamasrep adap tahilid tapad
:halada
= . =
Si = isaived radnats =
()
Cs ssenweks neisifeok = =
().()
:anam id KT = id isneukerf neisifeoK helorep irad .7.4 lebaT
7.4 lebaT III epyT nosraeP goL isubirtsiD adoteM .
III epyT nosraeP goL :sisylanA noitubirtsiD --------------- ataD fo yrammuS ---------------
)naem( tnemoM tsriF
1.601 tnemoM dnoceS
4.596
wekS
5979.0 ecnedeecxE nruteR detaluclaC dradnatS ytilibaborP doireP eulaV noitaiveD 9.0 01 8153.431 8978.31 8.0 5 9934.521 2568.8 766.0 3 5323.511 9021.11 5.0 2 8380.301 9093.31
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5 kE I epyT lebmuG isubirtsiD adoteM s lamert
nakanugid kaynab lebmuG isubirtsid adoteM najuh isneukerf sisilana malad
naamasrep nagned iapmas )31.2( naamasrep adap itrepes sumur iaynupmem gnay
:tukireb iagabes II baB adap )51.2(
Rt = S.K + R x
K = y( t - yn S/) n
Yt = - t(/t gol 303,2 + 438,0( - ))1
R :anam id t = najuh haruc = R ,)mm( nuhat t gnalu edoirep kutnu najuhharuc
atar mumiskam - S ,atar x S nad ,isneukerf rotkaf = K ,isaived radnatS = n Y , n rotkaf =
atar radnats isaived nagnarugnep - tahilid tapaD .atad halmuj irad isgnuf iagabes atar
.8.4 lebaT adap
8.4 lebaT adoteM kE I epyT lebmuG isubirtsiD s lamert .
I epyT lamertxE lebmuG :sisylanA noitubirtsiD --------------- ataD fo yrammuS ---------------
)naem( tnemoM tsriF
1.601 tnemoM dnoceS
4.596
wekS
5979.0 ecnedeecxE nruteR detaluclaC dradnatS ytilibaborP doireP eulaV noitaiveD 9.0 01 9149.051 9802.22 8.0 5 2268.821 9127.51 766.0 3 5623.111 4010.11 5.0 2 5315.59 8077.7 = ataD - hilipreT atad
.)mm( USU narulaS narilA hareaD nanuhaT gnalU edoireP isanibmoK 9.4 lebaT
EDOIREP NAJUH HARUC
GNALU LAMRON GOLLAMRON
NOSRAEPIII T
NOSRAEP GOLIII T LEBMUG
01 6803.331 6423.431 2021.231 8153.431 9149.051 5 8626.121 3856.911 2749.121 9934.521 2268.821 3 6147.011 1734.701 649.111 5323.511 5623.111
2 2003.99 5439.59 3678.001 8380.301 5315.59
rebmuS ( : sisilanA lisaH adamS - 21.2 birtsiD )
2.4 .2 isubirtsiD ijU
gnay narabes hakapa ijugnem kutnu halada narabes nakococek naijugneP
nataubmep malad hilipid evruc noitarud naijugneP .aynsiripme narabes nagned kococ
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edotem nagned nakukalid retemarap vonrimS - forogomloK aynrasad rudesorP .
isubirtsid nad nagnapal fitalumuk satilibaborp aratna nagnidnabrep pukacnem
narukureb gnay lepmaS .uajnitid gnay isgnuf fitalumuk n gnay naturu nagned rutaid ,
gnay atad iraD .takgninem fitalumuk isneukerf isgnuf utaus kutnebmem naka rutaid
.aggnat
:tukireb iagabes halada ini naijugnep rudesorP
.1 gnaulep aynraseb nakutnet nad )aynkilabes uata licek ek raseb irad( atad nakturU
gnisam irad - :tubesret atad gnisam X1 X(P 1 X ) 2 X(P 2 ) Xn X(P n)
.2 gnisam ialin nakutneT - .atad narabmaggnep lisah irad sitiroet gnaulep gnisam
X1 X(P 1 X ) 2 X(P 2 X ) n X(P n)
.3 gnaulep aratna rasebret hisiles nakutnet tubesret gnaulep ialin audek iraD
gnaulep nagned natamagnep .sitiroet X( P [ mumiskaM = D m ) X(P m ] )
.4 nakrasadreB ( sitirk ialin lebat vonrimS - tset vorogomloK nakutnet ) N iali
sitirk ( oD .)
gnay sitiroet isubirtsid akam oD ialin irad licek hibel D ialin alibapA
apad isubirtsid naamasrep nakutnenem kutnu nakanugid ialin alibapa ipatet ,amiretid t
nakutnenem kutnu nakanugid gnay sitiroet isubirtsid akam oD ialin irad raseb hibel D
.amiretid tapad kadit isubirtsid nuisats )napaled( 3 isubirtsid iju nagnutihrep emuseR
gnisam nagned - erf isubirtsid sisilana edotem gnisam lebaT adap tahilid tapad isneuk
4. 01 .
najuH haruC isneukerF isubirtsiD ijU 01.4 lebaT .
ISUBIRTSID IJU LAMRON
GOLLAMRON
NOSRAEPIII T
NOSRAEP GOLIII T
LEBMUG
D xam iju lisah 868.11 65.51 18.01 17.8 4589.11
Do )
57
gnisam kutnu awhab nalupmisek helorepid akam nagnutihrep lisah iraD -
gnay atad ,ada gnay nuisats gnisam lisah halada raseb naigabes nataraysrep ihunemem
sisilana lisah hilipid ayntujnales sisilana kutnU .III epiT nosraeP goL isubirtsid adotem
gnay gnalu edoirep nautnenep kutnU .III epiT nosraeP goL edotem irad isneukerf
nu radnats iauses nakukalid ,nakanugid /nanugnab kut nakanuggnem rednukes narulas
01 gnalu edoirep :tukireb 11.4 lebaT malad tahlid tapaD .nuhat
11.4 lebaT mumiskaM nairaH najuH haruC M edote III epiT nosraeP goL .
.ON EDOIREP GNALU NAJUH HARUC
)mm( 1 2 8380.301 2 3 5323.511 3 5 9934.521 4 01 8153.431
rebmuS ( : ataD nahalogneP nad sisilanA )
4. 3.2 kidoireP rijnaB tibeD sisilanA
nagned nagnutihrep iakapid ini iduts adap anacner tibed gnutihgnem kutnU
tibed nakutnenem kutnu edotem utas halas halada lanoisar edoteM .lanoisar edotem
narila utaus nakapurem aynmumu gnay ,najuh haruc helo naktabikaid gnay naakumrep
.esaniard narulas tibed nakanacnerem kutnu rasad
4. 4.2 nanuhaT gnalU edoireP anacneR rijnaB
ualak idajret mumiskam narilagnep halada lanoisar edotem irad ismusa nupadA
kutnU .aynnarila haread isartnesnok utkaw amal nagned amas najuh haruc utkaw amal
nakanugid akam akam aH 08 irad raseb hibel aynnarilagnep saul gnay haread
aB adap )14.2( naamasrep silutid tapad sitametam araces lanoisaR sumur halada II b
:tukireb iagabes
, . . .
m( malad tibed = Q :anam id 3 neisifeok = sC ,narilagnep neisifeok = C ,)ted/
rilagnep haread saul = A ,)maj/mm( najuh haruc satisnetni =I ,nagnupmat .aH na
Universitas Sumatera Utara
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latot
n
A
ACACAC 32211 .....
4. 5.2 )C( narilagneP neisifeoK
gnay najuh naigab aratna gnidnab ialin nakapurem narilagnep neisifeoK
ihuragnepid ini naraseb idajret gnay latot najuh nagned gnusgnal nasapmil kutebmem
hanat isidnok nad sinej ,nahal nagnirimek ,nahal anug atat helo .
II baB adap )73.2( naamasrep adap tahilid tapad narailagneP neisifeoK nagnutihreP
:tukireb iagabes
C =
uata atarer C =
:anam id C ,mumu araces narilA neisifeok = A1 ,1 haread saul = A latot latot saul =
haread
4. 6.2 nagnupmaT neisifeoK
hareaD fitaler najuh ria gnupmanem kutnu nagnukec ikilimem gnay
ikilimem kadit gnay haread nagned nakgnidnabid najuh ria tikides hbel nakrilagnem
anacner tibed padahret ini nagnukec helo nagnupmat kefE .ilakes amas nagnukec
nagnupmat neisifeok nagned nakarikrepid adap sumur nagned helorepid gnay
:tukireb iagabes II baB )83.2( naamasrep
anam id C : s = dT ,)maj( isartnesnok utkaW = cT ,nagnupmat neisifeoK = narila utkaW
aj( narukugnep tapmet ek aggnih uluh irad narulas malad id rilagnem ria .)m
4. 7.2 isartnesnoK utkaW t( c)
( narilagnep utkaW wolf fo emit narulas gnajnap nagnidnabrep adap gnutnagret )
irad nakismusaid gnay hcipriK irad siripme sumur turuneM .narila natapecek nad
atar narasakek neisifeok kutnu gninnaM sumur - iraj nad atar - h iraj ukalreb gnay siluardi
:tukireb iagabes )04.2( nad )93.2( naamasrep nakanuggnem mumu
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,
,
:anam id t fo telni irad uajnitid gnay narulas gnajnap = L ,)tinem( narilagnep utkaw =
haread nagnirimek( epols = s ,)m( uajnitid gnay gnapmat ek iapmas )nakusamep(
.)narilagnep
:uata narilagnep utkaw + nakusamep utkaw = isartnesnok utkaw akaM
4. 8.2 najuH haruC amaL nad satisnetnI
lebairaV iracneM kutnU I iakapid )najuH haruC aynamaL nad satisnetnI(
r sumu ebononoM . id gnires ebononoM sumuR gnutihgnem kutnu ,gnapeJ id nakanug
rah najuh haruc atad nakrasadreb paites najuh haruc satisnetni adap nai naamasrep
utiay II baB adap )91.2( :
/
i = I :anam id najuh haruc satisnetn ( maj/mm l = t ,) kutnu ,)tinem( najuh haruc aynama
malad ebononoM sumur ( maj ,) R 42 c = nakrasadreb idajret nikgnum gnay najuh haru
gnalu asam utnetret maj 42 malad mumixam najuh haruc( - )mm .
4.3 akiluardiH sisilanA
4. 1.3 narulaS tibeD nagnutihreP
kutnU id 3O nad 3U,1U narulas aynaratnaid ada halet gnay narulas hakapa iuhategnem
tibed gnutihid ulrep akam kadt uata ihunemem hisam USU satisrevinU nalaJ gnay
gnisam ek kusam naka - satisapak nagned nakgnidnabid naidumek narulas gnisam
rabmaG adaP USU narulaS.A.D naadaek tapadret nad 2.4 lebaT adap narulas tukgna
.8.4
:satisapaK nagnutihreP
.1 narulaS U gnapmanep 1
aH 8.3 = A :narila haread sauL
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huajret karaJ retem 053 = L :najuh haruc narila irad
12100.0 = S :narila haread nagnirimeK
:lisremok haread airetirk nakusamep utkaW t eo maj 61.0 = tinem 01 =
:narilagnep utkaW
,
,
t fo 0, 5910 053
0. 12100
0, 77
maj 04.0 =
utkaW :isartnesnok
tc 0. 61 0. 04 0. 65 maj
:nuhat 01 najuH haruC satisnetnI
/
I 431 . 8153
42
42
0. 65
23 86 . 4655 mm / maj
neisifeok tapadid %03 = padek gnay naakumrep esatnesrep 6.2 lebaT iraD
724.0 = C narilagnep
U narulas anacner tibeD 1:
, . . .
Q 0, 87200 .0, 724 .1. 86 , 4655 .3,8 retem 2903.0 = 3 ted/
M( )ihuneme
.2 narulaS U gnapmanep 3
aH 546.01 = A :narila haread sauL
retem 577 = L :najuh haruc narila irad huajret karaJ
:narila haread nagnirimeK 12100.0 = S
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:lisremok haread airetirk nakusamep utkaW t eo maj 61.0 = tinem 01 =
:narilagnep utkaW
,
,
t fo 0, 5910 577
0. 12100
0, 77
.0 = 27 maj
:isartnesnok utkaW
tc 0. 61 0. 27 0. 88 maj
haruC satisnetnI :nuhat 01 najuH
/
I 431 . 8153
42
42
0. 88
23 05 . 1948 mm / maj
neisifeok tapadid %03 = padek gnay naakumrep esatnesrep 5.2 lebaT iraD
484.0 = C narilagnep
:1U narulas anacner tibeD
, . . .
Q 0, 87200 . 0, 484 . 1. 05 , 1948 . 01 . 546 retem 3827.0 = 3 ted/
)ihunemeM kadiT(
.3 narulaS O gnapmanep 3
aH 933.85 = A :narila haread sauL
retem 0351 = L :najuh haruc narila irad huajret karaJ
46700.0 = S :narila haread nagnirimeK
:lisremok haread airetirk nakusamep utkaW t eo maj 61.0 = tinem 01 =
:narilagnep utkaW
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,
,
t fo 0, 5910 0351
0. 46700
0, 77
.0 = 06 maj
:isartnesnok utkaW
tc 0. 61 0. 06 0. 67 maj
01 najuH haruC satisnetnI :nuhat
/
I 431 . 8153
42
42
0. 67
23 55 . 2829 mm / maj
neisifeok tapadid %03 = padek gnay naakumrep esatnesrep 5.2 lebaT iraD
645.0 = C narilagnep
:1U narulas anacner tibeD
, . . .
Q 0, 87200 . 0, 645 . 1. 55 , 2829 . 85 . 933 = 4. 5259 retem 3 ted/
)ihunemeM(
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.nuhaT 01 najuH haruC alaK malaD narulaS tibeD nagnutihreP 31.4 lebaT
gnapmaneP nesreP A L eot fot ct I C Q .moD Q nagnareteK
1 anoZ padek )aH( )m( )maJ( )maJ( )maJ( )maJ/mm( m( 3 )ted / m( 3 )ted /
U4 03 92.3 054 61.0 84.0 46.0 3005.26 444.0 8352.0 32810.0
U 01 03 40.2 012 61.0 33.0 94.0 2106.47 414.0 2571.0 24140.0
U 11 03 49.6 066 61.0 26.0 87.0 2521.55 964.0 8894.0 34852.0
K1 06 620.1 041 61.0 72.0 34.0 7281.28 815.0 4121.0 01401.0
K2 06 86.0 08 61.0 81.0 43.0 9399.49 984.0 8780.0 50250.0
K3 06 42.1 041 61.0 72.0 34.0 7281.28 815.0 7641.0 60820.0
K4 06 42.0 56 61.0 51.0 13.0 786.101 474.0 2230.0 02480.0
M2 03 63.0 09 61.0 2.0 63.0 9830.29 173.0 2430.0 32150.0
M3 03 68.4 525 61.0 57.0 19.0 7995.94 984.0 7723.0 72280.0
M6 03 6.0 541 61.0 82.0 44.0 9901.08 893.0 2350.0 07068.0
M7 03 953.5 545 61.0 35.0 96.0 2854.95 893.0 6253.0 58951.0
R2 03 6.3 044 61.0 56.0 18.0 3206.35 474.0 3452.0 13520.0
R5 03 52.1 521 61.0 52.0 14.0 1593.48 783.0 5311.0 83831.0
R6 03 2.7 046 61.0 85.0 47.0 1167.65 464.0 2725.0 83831.0
H1 06 24.1 012 61.0 73.0 35.0 3914.17 845.0 5451.0 2480.0
gnubmasreb -
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gnapmaneP nesreP A L eot fot ct I C Q .moD Q nagnareteK
1 anoZ padek )aH( )m( )maJ( )maJ( )maJ( )maJ/mm( m( 3 )ted / m( 3 )ted /
H2 06 44.1 012 61.0 73.0 35.0 3914.17 845.0 7651.0 60312.0
B4 03 52.1 521 61.0 52.0 14.0 1593.48 783.0 5311.0 60280.0
B5 03 2.7 046 61.0 26.0 87.0 2521.55 964.0 5715.0 60280.0
B6 03 520.2 013 61.0 5.0 66.0 7344.16 744.0 6451.0 31540.0
B7 03 587.4 086 61.0 29.0 80.1 933.44 115.0 4103.0 31540.0
B8 03 592.8 5021 61.0 72.1 34.1 9257.63 645.0 7264.0 31540.0
Z1 06 74.1 022 61.0 83.0 45.0 3159.96 255.0 8751.0 42350.0 uraB narulaS
Z2 06 523.1 042 61.0 24.0 85.0 922.76 955.0 4831.0 42350.0
P1 03 40.2 012 61.0 33.0 94.0 2106.47 414.0 2571.0 27910.0
P2 03 63.0 09 61.0 2.0 63.0 9830.29 173.0 2430.0 11420.0
P3 03 6.0 541 61.0 82.0 44.0 9901.08 893.0 2350.0 98630.0
P4 03 52.1 521 61.0 52.0 14.0 1593.48 783.0 5311.0 16710.0
P5 03 52.1 521 61.0 52.0 14.0 1593.48 783.0 5311.0 96310.0
N1 03 42.0 551 61.0 31.0 92.0 305.501 203.0 3120.0 01401.0
N2 03 605.2 561 61.0 51.0 13.0 786.101 113.0 3022.0 47160.0
gnubmasreb -
Universitas Sumatera Utara
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gnapmaneP nesreP A L eot fot ct I C Q .moD Q nagnareteK
1 anoZ padek )aH( )m( )maJ( )maJ( )maJ( )maJ/mm( m( 3 )ted / m( 3 )ted /
N3 03 689.4 544 61.0 3.0 64.0 361.87 304.0 6634.0 48301.0
N4 03 20.2 522 61.0 32.0 93.0 6267.68 283.0 1681.0 34944.0
N5 03 20.2 542 61.0 32.0 93.0 6267.68 283.0 1681.0 45151.0
N6 03 7.4 094 61.0 25.0 86.0 6034.06 154.0 1653.0 38541.0
N7 03 39.41 066 61.0 26.0 87.0 2521.55 964.0 1370.1 46090.0
N8 03 31.71 029 61.0 27.0 88.0 1948.05 484.0 271.1 08621.0
N9 03 91.62 039 61.0 37.0 98.0 7412.05 784.0 5087.1 77504.0
N 01 03 78.62 0501 61.0 8.0 69.0 2268.74 794.0 9677.1 33355.0
N 11 03 504.82 0151 61.0 4.1 65.1 7726.43 755.0 1325.1 74123.0
N 21 03 502.12 0941 61.0 83.1 45.1 5678.43 655.0 1341.1 87751.0
N 31 03 590.91 5321 61.0 72.1 34.1 9257.63 645.0 2560.1 31331.0
S1 06 93.1 052 61.0 2.0 63.0 9830.29 173.0 9131.0 51651.0
S2 06 513.3 046 61.0 35.0 96.0 2854.95 454.0 8842.0 92301.0
S3 06 523.1 042 61.0 24.0 85.0 922.76 134.0 7601.0 92301.0
S4 06 42.0 56 61.0 23.0 84.0 2033.67 113.0 8510.0 06252.0
gnubmasreb -
Universitas Sumatera Utara
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gnapmaneP nesreP A L eot fot ct I C Q .moD Q nagnareteK
1 anoZ padek )aH( )m( )maJ( )maJ( )maJ( )maJ/mm( m( 3 )ted / m( 3 )ted /
S5 06 81.2 542 61.0 24.0 85.0 922.76 134.0 6571.0 06252.0
S6 06 51.6 006 61.0 5.0 66.0 7344.16 744.0 6964.0 08633.0
S7 06 51.6 006 61.0 5.0 66.0 7344.16 744.0 6964.0 02480.0
S8 06 63.3 574 61.0 54.0 16.0 757.46 734.0 3462.0 67411.0
S9 06 74.1 022 61.0 83.0 45.0 3159.96 424.0 2121.0 81940.0
gnapmaneP nesreP A L eot fot ct I C Q .moD Q nagnareteK
2 anoZ padek )aH( )m( )maJ( )maJ( )maJ( )maJ/mm( m( 3 )ted / m( 3 )ted /
U5 03 92.91 5201 61.0 20.1 81.1 8987.14 425.0 3471.1 72891.0
U6 03 43.01 0101 61.0 20.1 81.1 8987.14 425.0 5926.0 62330.0
U7 03 9.7 027 61.0 79.0 31.1 3710.34 715.0 4884.0 62330.0
T1 03 66.2 572 61.0 54.0 16.0 757.46 734.0 3902.0 62330.0
F1 03 83.5 564 61.0 53.0 15.0 769.27 714.0 1554.0 62390.0
F2 03 83.5 564 61.0 72.0 34.0 7281.28 714.0 6215.0 62390.0
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gnapmaneP nesreP A L eot fot ct I C Q .smoD Q nagnareteK
2 anoZ padek )aH( )m( )maJ( )maJ( )maJ( )maJ/mm( m( 3 )ted / m( 3 )ted /
F4 06 75.3 028 61.0 56.0 18.0 3206.35 46.0 5043.0 57170.0
F5 06 75.3 028 61.0 56.0 18.0 3206.35 46.0 5043.0 57170.0
F6 06 64.1 543 61.0 56.0 18.0 3206.35 286.0 4841.0 57170.0
A6 03 9.7 027 61.0 79.0 31.1 3710.34 715.0 4884.0 62330.0
gnapmaneP nesreP A L eot fot ct I C Q .smoD Q nagnareteK
3 anoZ padek )aH( )m( )maJ( )maJ( )maJ( )maJ/mm( m( 3 )ted / m( 3 )ted /
U1 03 8.3 053 61.0 4.0 65.0 4655.86 724.0 2903.0 00301.0
U2 03 8.3 063 61.0 4.0 65.0 4655.86 724.0 2903.0 00301.0
U3 03 546.01 577 61.0 27.0 88.0 1948.05 484.0 3827.0 19270.0 ihunemeM kadiT
U8 03 514.1 012 61.0 73.0 35.0 3914.17 124.0 3811.0 14731.0
U9 03 512.5 026 61.0 6.0 67.0 2829.55 764.0 7873.0 71162.0
M1 03 8.3 014 61.0 74.0 36.0 6306.36 144.0 3692.0 89230.0
M4 03 522.1 531 61.0 72.0 34.0 7281.28 293.0 7901.0 28250.0
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gnapmaneP nesreP A L eot fot ct I C Q .moD Q nagnareteK
3 anoZ padek )aH( )m( )maJ( )maJ( )maJ( )maJ/mm( m( 3 )ted / m( 3 )ted /
M5 03 953.5 545 61.0 35.0 96.0 2854.95 454.0 2204.0 50090.0
T2 03 89.2 023 61.0 72.0 34.0 7281.28 293.0 9662.0 62330.0
T3 03 84.5 016 61.0 25.0 86.0 6034.06 154.0 2514.0 38710.0
R0 03 504.21 026 61.0 26.0 87.0 869.45 454.0 6068.0 58530.0 ihunemeM kadiT
R1 03 37.61 5401 61.0 29.0 80.1 7742.44 994.0 9620.1 13520.0
R3 03 15.1 041 61.0 72.0 34.0 7281.28 293.0 2531.0 12750.0
R4 03 75.5 094 61.0 27.0 88.0 1948.05 484.0 1183.0 60390.0
B1 03 85.2 582 61.0 23.0 84.0 2033.67 904.0 9322.0 95410.0
B2 03 15.1 551 61.0 3.0 64.0 361.87 304.0 2231.0 18640.0
B3 03 41.5 015 61.0 35.0 96.0 2854.95 964.0 5893.0 18640.0
F3 03 89.2 023 61.0 82.1 44.1 4964.63 293.0 4811.0 0060.0
A1 03 514.1 012 61.0 73.0 35.0 3914.17 124.0 3811.0 69450.0
A2 03 522.1 531 61.0 72.0 34.0 7281.28 293.0 7901.0 07120.0
A3 03 522.1 531 61.0 72.0 34.0 7281.28 293.0 7901.0 78610.0
A4 03 15.1 041 61.0 72.0 34.0 7281.28 293.0 2531.0 55120.0
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gnapmaneP nesreP A L eot fot ct I C Q .moD Q nagnareteK
padek )aH( )m( )maJ( )maJ( )maJ( )maJ/mm( m( 3 )ted / m( 3 )ted /
A5 03 15.1 551 61.0 3.0 64.0 361.87 304.0 2231.0 36710.0
A7 03 7.5 006 61.0 56.0 18.0 3206.35 474.0 6204.0 38710.0
A8 03 85.2 582 61.0 23.0 84.0 2033.67 904.0 9322.0 95410.0
P6 03 974.24 0051 61.0 52.1 14.1 9140.73 545.0 483.2 61971.0 ihunemeM kadiT
P7 03 911.14 5031 61.0 21.1 82.1 1875.93 335.0 4114.2 61971.0 ihunemeM kadiT
P8 03 537.03 5921 61.0 21.1 82.1 1875.93 335.0 4208.1 96550.0
P9 03 570.92 5401 61.0 9.0 60.1 5208.44 905.0 3348.1 13520.0
P 01 03 8 506 61.0 6.0 67.0 2829.55 764.0 9085.0 17720.0
P 11 03 41.5 553 61.0 53.0 15.0 769.27 714.0 8434.0 55120.0
gnapmaneP nesreP A L eot fot ct I C Q .moD Q nagnareteK
padek )aH( )m( )maJ( )maJ( )maJ( )maJ/mm( m( 3 )ted / m( 3 )ted /
O1-1 03 182.26 0351 61.0 78.0 30.1 3866.54 755.0 2404.4 46879.0
O1-2 03 613.57 0281 61.0 1 61.1 2981.24 165.0 6559.4 09180.1
O1-3 03 655.77 0612 61.0 31.1 92.1 9403.93 565.0 887.4 09180.1
O2-1 03 92.91 5401 61.0 8.0 69.0 2268.74 325.0 4243.1 20891.0
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gnapmaneP nesreP A L eot fot ct I C Q .moD Q nagnareteK
padek )aH( )m( )maJ( )maJ( )maJ( )maJ/mm( m( 3 )ted / m( 3 )ted /
O2-2 03 42.32 5111 61.0 58.0 10.1 2962.64 425.0 4665.1 20891.0
O3-1 03 933.85 0351 61.0 6.0 67.0 2829.55 645.0 5259.4 16862.0
O4-1 03 662.1 5421 61.0 80.1 42.1 5453.04 125.0 470.0 80250.0
O4-2 03 665.3 5471 61.0 4.1 65.1 7726.43 935.0 581.0 81651.0
rebmuS ( : USU ataD nagnutihreP sisilanA )
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4. 2.3 narulaS siratnevnI
tapad aynmulebes nagnutihrep irad akiluardih sisilana nad igolordih sisilanA
.ikiabrepid ulrep nad kurub ,kiab gnay narulas aparebeb ada awhab naktahilepmem
narulas aggnihes esaniard narulas nakiabrep anacner aparebeb ada ini lah malaD
agnem tapad tubesret iggnit nagnaneg imalagnem kadit aggnihes kiab nagned ril
.USU supmaK id esaniard narulas aynhapmilem naktabikaid nakiabreP anacneR
tukireb iagabes halada aynaratnaid narulaS :
U gnapmaneP uajnitiD 3 )urab narulas(
:iuhatekiD - satisapak 12108,0 = rQ :anacner
- K 510,0 = n :noteb kutnu gninnaM narasakek neisifeo
- 01 . 121,1 = S :narulas rasad nagnirimeK .1 :nakutnetiD -3
61/5 = m :narulas isis nagnirimeK .2
narulaS isnemiD :atnimiD
:naiaseleyneP
,narilagnep tibed sumuR
. . /. /
anamiD :
( . ). uata . ( ).
.
simonoke gnapmat kutnU
.
b 2. 5
61 25/ 61 2 1 . h
= h 3074,1
Universitas Sumatera Utara
09
( . ).
1, 3074 h 5
61. h . h
h 8287,1 = 2
.
1, 3074 . h 2. h 5612 1
h 3590,2 =
1, 8287 . h2
2, 3590 . h
0, 8058 . h
. . /. /
0, 12108 1, 8287 . h2 .1/0, 510 . 0, 8058 . h2/3. 0, 121000 1/2 0, 12108 3, 1217 h8/3 h8/3 0, 8512 h 0, 7265 retem b 1, 3074 . h
1, 3074 . 0, 7265 0, 38 retem
ht 01
9 . h
01
9 . 0, 7265 0, 36 retem
B b 2. m. ht 0. 38 2. 5
61 . 0, 36 1, 7322 retem
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iasnemiD nagnutihreP aparebeB 41.4 lebaT .nakiabreP narulaS
gnapmaneP h b B f m A P R S Q
)m( )m( )m( )m( m( 2) )m( )m( m( 3 )ted /
U3 65.0 38.0 22.1 70.0 61/5 7546.0 971.1 6745.0 12100.0 2108.0
R0 56.0 49.0 24.1 70.0 3/1 2358.0 3703.2 7963.0 5100.0 4698.0
Z1 4.0 85.0 7.0 40.0 3/1 6182.0 8914.1 3891.0 5100.0 1112.0
P6 69.0 33.1 67.1 11.0 8/3 5846.1 1183.3 5784.0 5100.0 2365.2
P7 69.0 33.1 67.1 11.0 8/3 5846.1 1183.3 5784.0 5100.0 6.2
rebmuS ( : ataD nahalogneP nad sisilanA )
Universitas Sumatera Utara
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V BAB
ISAKILPA CEH - 0.4 SAR RIA AKUM LIFORP NALEDOMEP MALADUSU ESANIARD NARULAS
1.5 mumU
narulaS ria akum liforp sisilanagnem malad nakukalid gnay naledomeP
USU esaniarD margorp nakanuggnem halada )natlumis nupuata iridnesret( CEH - SAR
4 0. . margorp naanuggnep malaD CEH - 0.4 SAR tahrepid ulrep gnay , i tupni utiay nak
kutnu atad CEH - SAR atad paiteS . utnet hadus naijak isidnok nagned nagnubuhreb gnay
nakapurem tupni nakanuggnem aynah nakanugid gnay margorP .naledomep adap
dajek uardih naidajek nad igolordih nai .nagnutihrep adap raseb huragnepreb gnay akil
seb nakgnutihrepmem kadit taubid gnay naledomeP nasebmer nad isaropave aynra
nasebmer nad isaropave huragnep aggnihes nauajnit haread aynlicek tagnignem
.licek tagnas nakarikrepid
ataD - atad halada ini naledomep nakukalem kutnu gnitnep gnilap gnay atad
olordih nagnutihrep atad nad naijak haread irtemoeg iagabes utnetret isakol adap ig
( satab tarays noitidnoc yradnuob nanugnab nad narulas ledom kutnu irtemoeg ataD .)
ataD .isavele naiggnitek atad nad ievrus lisah nagnapal atad nakanuggnem ria
rijnab tibed atad apureb igolordih nagnutihrep alu edoirep nagned .utnetret gn
kutnu fargordih avruk nakrasadreb tibed atad naktaafnamem nagned taubid naledomeP
sisilanaid hadus nad tatacret gnay taases ria natapecek ataD .ria nakaregrep iuhategnem
.satab tarays adap tupni idajnem tapad silordih araces
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2.5 isakilpA mumU
1.2.5 irtemoeG ataD
CEH - 0.4 SAR kanut kat narila nakledomem tapad gnay margorp halada
( ydaetsnu ) ( kanul nad ydaets ) naledomep nagned isnemid utas nauajnit nagned
nagnotop nakledomem kutnu natakednep kitit anerak taruka hibel gnay irtemoeg
( gnatnilem noitces ssorc ) narila margorp aparebeb irad kaynab hibel taubid asib narulas
ydaetsnu nad ydaets akam naikimed nagneD .nakanugid gnires gnay nial isnemid utas
paites narabmaggnep noitces ssorc margorp nakanuggnem nagned narulas CEH - SAR
0.4 idajnem naka ini .aynmulebes nakgnidnabid itakednem hibel
naka gnay narila liforp nakrabmaggnem halada nakukalid gnay atad tupnI
atad nakkusamem nad nakledomid noitces ssorc adap utnetret karaj lavretni rep
gnisam - ledomep malad nakanugid gnay liforp rabmaG .narulas gnisam tahilid tapad na
rabmaG adap 5 ( gnatnilem nagnotop atad tupni hotnoc nad 1. noitces ssorc narulas )
rabmag adap tahilid tapad nakledomid gnay 5 .2.
rabmaG 5.1 yaL - tuo narila naledomep
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rabmaG 5.2 hotnoC atad tupni noitces ssorc narulas
2.2.5 S narasakeK neisifeoK gninnaM narula
ialin nakisatneserperem gnay naraseb utaus halada narulas narasakek neisifeoK
nakitahrepmem nagned nakutnetid ini natabmah ialiN .narila utaus malad natabmah
rotkaf - rotkaf narasakek rotkaf itrepes narulas narasakek ialin ihuragnepmem gnay
nad napadnegnep ,narulas esart ,narulas narutaretkaditek ,nahubmut ,naakumrep
.narulas kutneb nad ,naruku ,narulas nasureggnep
3.2.5 P rihkA nad lawA utkaW nagnutihre
rihka nad lawa utkaW irah malad kifiseps araces nakutnetid kadit nagnutihrep
gnay utkaw halada nakanugid gnay naledomep malad naucA .utnetret utkaw nad
najuh haruc naarikrep utaus rihka nad lawa utkaw utiay fargordih avruk malad pukacret
ret ataD .utnetret gnalu edoirep nagned ledom malad ek nakkusamid tubes H CE -R SA
rabmaG helo nakkujnutid anamiagabes 5 .3.
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rabmaG 5.3 nagnutihrep rihka utkaw nad lawa utkaw atad tupnI
4.2.5 lawA isidnoK
( lawa isidnok agraH noitidnoc laitini libmaid ini ) nagnutihrep lisah irad
aboc tibed agrah nakanuggnem aynmulebes - kutnu nagnapal id natamagnep nad aboc
( lamron narila isidnok wolf esab gnay lisah natapetek nakutnenem ini lawa agraH .)
malad ek nakkusamid tubesret lawa agraH .nagnutihrep lawa adap helorepid margorp
CEH - SAR rabmaG adap tahilret itrepes 5 .4.
rabmaG 5.4 lawa isidnok atad tupnI
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5.2.5 sataB isidnoK
( satab isidnok naledomep utaus malaD noitidnoc yradnuob tapad )
:tukireb iagabes nakisakifisepsid
ria akum iggniT habureb nupuam natsnok kutneb malad tapad ,tibed nad
utkaw turunem .
nakisakifisepsid tapad ,akubret narulas nagniraj malad ek nahabmat narilA
aratna nagnubuh apureb uata utkaw turunem habureb gnay tibed iagabes
( naakumrep narila nad najuh haruc nur - ffo .)
H ( ria akum iggnit nagned tibed nagnubu evruc gnitar .lebat kutneb malad )
sisilana lisah irad helorepid naledomep adap nakanugid gnay satab isidnoK
hibel kutnU .utnetret gnalu edoirep nagned rijnab fargordih avruk apureb igolordih
atad tupni ianegnem salej rabmaG tahilid tapad satab isidnok 5 .5.
rabmaG 5.5 satab isidnok tupnI
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2.5 USU esaniarD nagniraJ riA akuM liforP naledomeP isakilpA
pahat iulalem nakukalid USU esaniarD nagniraJ riA akuM liforP naledomeP -
iagabes pahat :tukireb
.1 nakanuggnem USU supmaK id esaniard metsis irtemoeg atad nataubmeP
margorp CEH - 0.4 SAR taubmem nagned noitcnuj esaniard haned iagabes
.)tukireb 6.5 rabmaG itrepes( .USU supmaK
6.5 rabmaG D cirtamoeG retnE /tidE ata
.2 atad tupnI noitcnuj margorp isanibmok iulalem , C otuA da tupnignem nagned
kitit nakrasadreb USU esaniard narulas gnapmanep atad - gnay tanidrook kitit
margorp id taubid daC otuA .)tukireb 7.5 rabmaG itrepes(
margorp atad tupnI 7.5 rabmaG CEH - SAR margorp nautnab nagned daC otuA
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.3 atad tupnI noitces ssorc iauses USU supmaK esaniard narulas gnapmanep
8.5 rabmaG itrepes( akiluardih naidajek nakrasadreb naksisilanaid gnay nagned
.)tukireb
8.5 rabmaG ataD noitceS ssorC
.4 ( tibed atad tupnI wolf ydaets nakrasadreb ) huragnep satisapak nagnutihrep
nakusamem nagned kitsemod rotok ria nagnaubmep nad najuh haruc
esaniard gnapmanep nahurulesek nakrasadreb nahurulesek tibed nahalmujnep
.tukireb 9.5 rabmaG itrepes USU
tupnI 9.5 rabmaG F ydaetS wol
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3.5 naledomeP isukeskE USU esaniarD nagniraJ
atad tupnignem nad esaniard narulas irtemoeg nahalognep haleteS noitces ssorc
( tibed atad atres wolf ydaets m akam ) ledo s amek j narulaS nagnira USU esaniarD
jnales gnem nagned isukeske id naka ayntu - nur alad itrepes tubesret margorp nak m
: tukireb rabmag
01.5 rabmaG ledoM S amek J narulaS nagnira USU esaniarD
atad nahurulesek nahalognep isukseskE 11.5 rabmaG
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0 001 002 003 004 005 0065.7
0.8
5.8
0.9
5.9
0.01
21-guA-50 10 nalP :nalP esaniarD
)m( ecnatsiD lennahC niaM
)m(
noitavelE
dnegeL
igrenE
riA akuM
riA iggniT
narulaS rasaD
narulaS naakumreP
65 saD
1
*333338.
*666666.
*5.
*333333.
*666661.
0
3
*6.2
*2.2 *666666.*333333.
0
3
*29.2
*48.2
*67.2
*86.2
*6.2
*25.2
*44.2
*63.2
*82.2
*2.2
*21.2
*40.2 0
1 0
1
*8.
*6.
*4.
*000002. 0
1*666668.
*333337. *6.
*666664.
*333333.
*2.
*666660.*666666.*333333.
0
1 *6.
*2.
1 *526.
*52.
1
1
*666666.
*333333.
0 *8.
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21-guA-60 10 nalP :nalP esaniarD
dnegeL
1 FP SW
dnuorG
atS knaB
dnuorG
ria akum liforp apureb helorepid gnay lisah ,isalumis nakukalid haleteS
adap naktahilrepid rabmag - rabmag .tukireb
21.5 rabmaG tolP evitcepsreP USU esaniarD
rabmaG riA akuM liforP lisaH 31.5
Universitas Sumatera Utara
201
0.1- 5.0- 0.0 5.0 0.16.8
8.8
0.9
2.9
4.9
6.9
8.9
21-guA-50 10 nalP :nalP esaniarD
)m( noitatS
)m(
noitavelE
dnegeL
igrenE
riA akuM
riA iggniT
narulaS rasaD
atS knaB
510. 510. 510.
1
*090909.
*181818.
*272727.
*363636.
*454545.
*545454.
*636363.
*727272.
*818181.
*909090.
0
21-guA-50 10 nalP :nalP esaniarD
dnegeL
riA iggniT
narulas rasaD
atS knaB
dnuorG
0.1- 5.0- 0.0 5.0 0.16.8
8.8
0.9
2.9
4.9
6.9
8.9
21-guA-50 10 nalP :nalP esaniarD
)m( noitatS
)m(
noitavelE
dnegeL
igrenE
riA akuM
riA iggniT
narulaS rasaD
atS knaB
510. 510. 510.
.5 rabmaG 41 riA akuM liforP d isnemiD 2 narulaS i USU esaniarD
.5 rabmaG 51 riA akuM liforP d isnemiD 3 narulaS i USU esaniarD
.5 rabmaG 61 liforP gnapmnaneP riA akuM d lamroN narulaS i USU esaniarD
Universitas Sumatera Utara
301
5.1- 0.1- 5.0- 0.0 5.0 0.1 5.18.9
0.01
2.01
4.01
6.01
8.01
0.11
2.11
21-guA-50 10 nalP :nalP esaniarD
)m( noitatS
)m(
noitavelE
dnegeL
1 FP GE
riA akuM
riA iggniT
narulaS rasaD
atS knaB
510. 510. 510.
.5 rabmaG 17 liforP gnapmnaneP riA akuM d hapmileM narulaS i USU esaniarD
4.5 sisilanA tuptuO margorP CEH - 0.4 SAR
- 21.5 rabmaG USU esaniard gnapmanep nahuruleseK nakapureM
nakrasadreb evitkepsrep isukeske lisah irad CEH - 0.4 SAR .isnemid 3 araces
- 1.5 rabmaG 3 isidnoK adaP tubesret ria naiggnitek awhab tahilid tapad uata
ria akum t aguj nad kiab hisam narulas gnapmanep aparebeb id narulas tapadre
narulas adap tibed gnupmanem kutnu pukuc kadit gnay esaniard
- .5 rabmaG 51.5 rabmaG nad 41 gnitsiske isidnok adaP 2 nakrasadreb ini
isnemid 3 nad isnemid iagabes aynah uajnitid narulas anam id aparebeb narulas
aj metsis iagabes nakub( ajas awhab tahilret ,)nagnir s satisapak aparebeb narula
USU esaniard pukuc hisam ikiabrepid ulrep aparebeb nad .
- .5 rabmaG 61 iagabes aynah uajnitid narulas anam id gnitsiske isidnok adaP
tisapak awhab tahilret ,)nagniraj metsis iagabes nakub( ajas narulas utas sa
hisam USU supmaK esaniard narulas gnay tibed ismusa nagned pukuc
itawelem USU esaniard ( hunep satisapak tibed halada yticapac lluf knab .)
- 1.5 rabmaG 7 utas iagabes uajnitid narulas anam id gnitsiske isidnok adaP
pukuc kadit USU esaniard narulaS satisapak awhab tahilret ,nagniraj metsis
)sapmilem( .
Universitas Sumatera Utara
501
V BAB I
NARAS NAD NALUPMISEK
6 1. nalupmiseK
nagnapal id gnusgnal natamagnep lisah nakrasadreB , nagnutihrep araces kiab
margorp nupuam sinket libmagnem tapad nusuynep akam ,ada gnay atad adap
nalupmisek aparebeb :utiay ,
.1 halada USU supmaK id tapmet aparebeb id najuh ria aynhapmilem babeyneP
nagnarukek tabika - najuh ria nakrilagnem kutnu narulas aparebeb naupmam
k kusam gnay tibed irad licek hibel aynsatisapak anera .
.2 USU supmaK esaniard narulas naisasilamroneP gnay ria nagnaneg padahret
iggnit nad raseb nakapurem isulos utas halas arac anamiagab ikiabrepmem
ab imalagnem kadit aggnihes hapmilem gnay narulas gnapmanep .rijn
.3 nakisanibmokid tapad aguj sinket araces kidoirep rijnab tibed nagnutihreP
naledomep nagned CEH - SAR malad nauca iagabes ria akum liforp naledomep
s narula .USU supmaK id esaniard
.4 USU supmaK id idajret gnay iggnit nad raseb gnay nagnaneg uata rijnaB aguj
ayngnaruk atres nagnapal id taas idajret gnay nemides aynraseb ihuragnepid
haread adap ria napaser - adap naarahilemep gnaruk tabika rijnab idajret haread
.esaniard narulas
.5 uata rijnab padahret naropal lanruj nad isnerefer aparebeb naijakgnep iraD
naneg halas 1102 lirpA 1 laggnat adap idajret gnay iggnit nad raseb gnay nag
utas babeynep gnay arubaB iagnuS id ria aynhapmilem halada aynaratnaid
USU supmaK esaniard narulas ek iagnus ria aynkusam nakbabeynem
isnerefer nakrasadreb B isagitiM nad isnetoP irad nususid nadeM atoK rijna
Universitas Sumatera Utara
601
lanoisaN ranimeS malad gnitniG rumkaM helo - satisrevinU id ISSTTPMB 1
nadeM ,aratU aretamuS - 1102 rebotkO 41 helo nususid gnay rihkA saguT nad
TS nawainruK iggnA ludujreb .
.6 CEH - SAR rila nakledomem kutnu isakilpa margorp nakapurem narulas na
.aynnial akubret narulas gnapmanep nad ,iagnus ,esaniard itrepes akubret reviR
metsyS sisylanA helo taubid ,)SAR( retneC gnireenignE cigolordyH )CEH(
hawab id ajrek nautas nakapurem gnay sreenignE fo sproC ymrA SU .)ECASU(
CEH - SAR edom nakapurem kat nupuam nenamrep narila isnemid utas l -
eno ydaetsnu dna ydaets( nenamrep - .)ledom wolf lanoisnemid
.2.5 naraS
.1 gnay esaniard gnapmanep narulas aparebeb nakiabrep aynnakukalid ulreP
haburep naktabikaid hapmilem labolg gnimraw gnay acauc nahaburep uata
it iggnit hibel najuh haruc tibed naktabikagnem gnay utnenem kad
.2 imalagnem kadit nad ada gnay esaniard narulas arahilemem nad agajneM
arac nagned rijnab kadit uata ria nahapmilep irad esaniard narulas tawarem
kutnu ada gnay hapmas atres nad kurekid kutnu nahibelreb gnay isatnemides
.ayntapmet adap gnaubid
.3 nataubmep itrepes USU supmaK hayaliw adap napaser aparebeb taubmeM
iropoib ia nagnaneg licekrepmem aggnihes ayniagabes nial nad naakumrepid r
uggnagret kadit nahal aggnihes
.4 id laidar utnip aparebeb taubid ulreP teltuo narulas rilih adap katelret gnay
efitanretla iagabes arubaB iagnuS nagned natakedreb gnay esaniard
esaniard ek iagnus ria aynkusam naktabikaid gnay rijnab iradnihgnem supmaK
.hapmilem iagnus akitek USU
Universitas Sumatera Utara
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