YOKOGAWA CENTUM CS3000 System Engineering Training Power Point

1 YOKOGAWATE33Q6C40-01E

Engineering Operation

CS1000/3000 Engineering Course Textbook

PART-ENG




IM33S01B30-01E [Reference: PART-F Engineering]IM33S04N10-01E [Engineering Test Guide]

1. Engineering Functions2. Engineering Procedures3. Project4. System Generation5. Test Function6. Download Function

CS1000/3000 Engineering Course TextbookPART-ENG Engineering Operation


Engineering Functions


PART-ENG 1

Engineering Functions


Test Function

Engineering Function

Operation/Monitoring Function

FCSSimulator

Windows2000/XP Professional

Features of Engineering Functions

• Operable on a general purpose PC• Concurrent engineering• Virtual test function with FCS simulator• Reusable engineering data• Online documents


Configuration

Engineering functions

Basic functions

System view

Builders

Test function

Utility functions Self-documentation

Virtual test, wiring functions

Definition of functions

Project management function


Concept of DCS Builder

TIC101PID

FIC101PID

FCS

HIS

Function block

definition

Control drawing builder

Process I/O assignment

Operation/monitoring

function definition

IOM definition builder

Graphic builder


Engineering Environment

V net

ooo

FCS

HISEngineering database

(Current project)

System configuration, operation and monitoring windows and so on are created and edited by the builder.

Engineering environment

Engineering work with builder

FCS load

HIS load

Download the created system configuration, the operation and monitoring windows and so on to the system.


Engineering Environments

V net

Ethernet

ooo

Standard FCS

ENG/HIS

Engineering functions andvirtual test functions

Engineering environment outside a target system*.

Engineering data Engineering data

* Target system: The hardware, which is used in plant operation.

Engineering environment in a target system.

ENG/HIS



V net

ooo

Standard FCS

Operation/monitoringfunctions


Engineering data Minimum system

Engineering functions and operation and monitoring functions within a single HIS.

ENG/HIS



V net

Ethernet

ooo

Standard FCS

HIS


Independent engineering functions.

Engineering data

Operation/monitoringfunctionsENG/HIS



V net

Ethernet

ＰＣ

Engineering data

Concurrent engineering via network.

HIS

Concurrent engineering via network

Engineers can execute engineering works using a single engineering database simultaneously.


ooo

Standard FCS

Operation/monitoringfunctionsENG/HIS



V net

Merging engineering data.

ＰＣ

Engineering data merging

Engineering dataEngineering data


The engineering data created with another PC can be easily merged.

Operation/monitoringfunctions

ooo

Standard FCS

ENG/HIS


Engineering Environment in TC

V net

FCS 0101

Ethernet

HIS 0124 HIS 0123

Left-hand side HIS is HIS0124, which has an engineering database.

Engineering data

HIS0124 should be activated before HIS0123.

Right-hand side HIS is HIS0123, which has the function of system creation but no engineering database. HIS0123 shares the database with HIS0124.


Engineering Procedures


PART-ENG 2



Engineering Flow

Specification review

Basic design

System generation

Unit and connected test

Integration test

Start-up

Maintenance

Expansion & modification

Detailed design

Control method, necessary hardware and so on

Regulatory control, sequential control design

System generation with builders

Virtual test using operation and monitoring windows

Target test with FCS

Hardware installation and loop check

Engineering data backup and, hardware check

Expansion and modification of control functions

New engineering


Engineering Work Flow

Project creation

Common item definition

Control function definition

Operation/monitoring function definition

Virtual test execution

Defined function download

HIS Setup functions

Target test execution

Parameter save

Project save

Documentation of project

Included in the engineering course.

HIS

FCS

Done in the fundamental course.


Confirmation of Project

Project for the target system

Confirming project folder

Creating FCS folder

Creating HIS folder

Confirm that the project has been created for the target system.

Confirm that the FCS and the HIS folders have been created in the project folder.

If the FCS and HIS folders necessary for the target system are not found, create these folders.


Defining Common Items

Defining the items commonly used by the project.

Saved in the COMMON folder. In most cases, default values are acceptable.

Alarm priority

Alarm status label

Alarm processing table

Block status

Plant hierarchy

Engineering unit symbol

Switch position label

Operation mark

Status change

User security

Alarm related builders may be discussed in PART-B, Function BlockItems in yellow boxes will be defined in the exercise.


Defining Control Functions

FCS property

FCS common items

I/O module definition

Creation of regulatory control functions

Creation of sequential control functions

Unit management

Start conditions, digital filter coefficients and so on.

I/O module hardware definition.

Function block creation and wiring, and detailed definition.

Sequential control functions and soft I/O definition.

Items in yellow boxes will be defined in the exercise.

FCS type, database type and so on.


Defines the operation and monitoring functions.

Some functions such as the functions related to printers, should be defined with HIS Setup.

The HIS setup functions are also able to temporarily define functions supporting operations such as function keys.

HIS constants

Function keys

Scheduler

Trend

Sequence messages

Graphic windows

Help messages

Plant hierarchy

Panel set

Operation & Monitoring Functions

Items in yellow boxes will be defined in the exercise.


Control functions created by a user with builders are tested.

Virtual test uses the FCS simulator for the actual FSC and executes the test on the HIS.

A wiring files are created automatically at the startup stage of the test function. The created wiring may be used intact.

Control function creation

Creation of operation windows

Test function startup

Wiring confirmation

Confirmation of operation

Control function creation and its test

Virtual Test Execution


Project common download

Download FCS data

Download HIS data

Engineering data defined by a user with builders are downloaded to FCS and HIS.

The projects using a gateway and/or a bus converter, the configuration files are also downloaded.

Downloading of Created Functions


Operation and monitoring environments of the HIS are set with the HIS setup window.

Stations

Printer

Buzzer

Display

Window switching

Alarm

Preset menu

Equalization

Defining Functions with HIS Setup

Some of the HIS setup operations have been done in the Fundamental course.


Control functions created by a user with builders are tested.

The engineering database is downloaded to the FCS and tested. When the I/O test instruments such as I/O modules, signal generators are not used, the FCS I/O signals are simulated by I/O disconnection and automatic wiring.

Startup of the test function is not necessary, if the actual I/O can be used.

Test function startup

I/O disconnection

Automatic wiring

Wiring download

Confirmation of operation

Target test using wiring functions

Execution of Target Test


Setting tuning parameters

Saving tuning parameters

Save the tuning parameters set on function blocks tuned during the trial operation.

If the FCS offline download is executed without the parameter save, default parameters are downloaded to the function blocks.

Tuning Parameter Save


Saving of Project

Saving tuning parameters

Backup of folders

Preparing for the data evaporation caused by hardware errors such as HDD crush, project data are saved in external memories.

Copying the project folder and the following folders backups the whole engineering data.

The database related to the HIS, set by the HIS Setup functions, is not included in the project folder. For the perfect recovery of HIS, the backup of the HIS Setup data is necessary too.


Self-Documentation

For the system maintenance or expansion and modification in the future, the data defined with builders can be printed or output to PDF files*.

* PDF file output is supported by R3.02 and later release. It needs Acrobat in addition.

Project selection

Startup of self-document

Header editing etc

Selection of printing range

Documents output

Output self-document


Project


PART-ENG 3

Project


Project

Project is the unit of managing the FCS and HIS data created by system generation functions. Builder files defined by the system generation functions are managed in the unit of project.

FCS download

Current project

Default project

User defined project

Automatically created new project at initial startup.

The unique project, which exists in FCS.

Used for testing and debugging. More than one project can be created.

The engineering data meet with the system in operation.


Default Project

• Default Project:After the system installation, the project created at the first startup of the System View is called default project.

Features:1) Downloadable to FCS.2) Virtual test is possible with FCS simulator.3) Downloadable to HIS.4) Offline download to FCS in the target system is possible.


Current Project

• Current Project:If the offline download to any FCS in the default project is executed, the attribute of the project changes from default to current. And thenthe online engineering is enabled.

Features:1) Multiple projects cannot be created.2) Target test is possible.3) Downloadable to HIS. 4) Offline download to FCS in the target system is possible.


User Defined Project

• User Defined Project:A copied current project for editing or a newly created project is called a user defined project.Download the project to FCS is disabled. The project is used forengineering with the virtual test or for backup of the current project.

Features:1) Multiple projects can be created on the system view. 2) Virtual test is possible with the FCS simulator.3) Download to the FCS and the HIS in the target system is impossible.


Current Project

ooo

FCS

Downloadable to FCS.Attribute changes on download.

Online maintenance enabled.A unique project that enables to confirm the FCS data.

Attribute changes automatically on download

A single project/system

Current project

Defaultproject

Default Project Current project

At initial installation

Ordinary system configuration

Offline download

Tuning parameter

save

Online download

Offline download


User Defined Project

Copied current project




Newly created project

Attribute change by

utility

Download to FCS is disabled.Multiple projects can be created for testing, expansion and so on.

Ordinary system configuration

Online maintenance enabled.A unique project that enables to confirm the FCS data.

A single project/system

Current project

Current project

Multiple projects/system


Project Attribute ChangeProject attribute can be changed by the “Utility to Change Project’s Attribute”.

“Change Attribute of Project” dialog

To call “Utility to Change Project’s Attribute” dialog.


Project Creation for Exercise

Project positionH:/CS3000/eng/BKProject/



PART-ENG 4

System Generation

System Generation


System Generation

• Project creation• System configuration definition

• I/O module definition• Builder startup• Test function startup• Documentation

function startup• Database load• Parameter save

System View(Collective management engineering environment for CS1000/3000.)


System Generation

Examples of functions:

• Common item definition

• I/O definition• Control functioncreation

• Operation and monitoring functionsdefinition

• Operation window definition

Builder (Generation tools of various functions)

The builder startups automatically by clicking the builder file to define or edit.

An example of a graphic builder window.


Project Definition

Items to define: Project namePosition (The folder’s location in which database

is saved. A server or other drive can be specified.)

Project name (arbitrary)

Project positionH:/CS3000/eng/BKProject/


Project Definition

Data to define: Manual setting of engineering units. (Default is automatic.)

Tick here for manual registration. Registration operation of the engineering units file in the COMMON folder is needed.


Devices Composing System

After the project creation, defining the devices composing the system is required.

The following devices compose the project:

• FCS• HIS• BCV• CGW• Stations (other stations)

A hardware type for each device and a database type for the FCS should be specified. The hardware and database type cannot be changed once they were defined.


Creation of devices composing the system.

Select the device to create or add.

Devices Composing System


Project Common Items

The definition files common to the whole project are saved in the COMMON folder.

Most of the basic system definition files are used with default settings. Customizing is possible, if necessary.

Only the files related to the security, OpeMarkDef and UserSec should be defined beforehand.


Engineering Unit Symbol

The engineering unit symbol is a unit symbol attached to a data value including a flow-rate and pressure, and is used on all the projects.Up to 256 engineering unit symbols can be used for one project.One engineering unit symbol can be defined with up to six alphanumeric characters.

Engineering unit symbols Nos.1 to 8 cannot be changed or deleted: Define the engineering unit symbol starting at No.9.Default values are predefined for Nos.9 to 126. No default values are predefined for the subsequent Nos.


Switch Position LabelUp to 64 sets switch position labels can be defined. One set consists of four labels (label 1, label 2, label 3, and label 4).The label 4 character string is not displayed on the instruments. Define a unique character string for each set.

Switch position labels Nos.1 and 2 cannot be changed or deleted. Default values are predefined for Nos.3 to 13.


Flow of User Security Check

HIS operation

HIS security check

Scope of operation and monitoring

check for the HIS

User security check

• Window operation and monitoring• Function block operation and monitoring Operation record

OperationHistory

Security check

Operation


check for a user group

Privilege levels of operation and monitoring check

for a user


Security Overview

General-purpose Windows applications follow the security policy of Windows. The user of CENTUM is different from the user of Windows.

The following two types of policies are available in CS 1000/CS 3000.• HIS Security PolicyHIS security policy stipulates the scope of operation and monitoring allowed on the Human Interface Station. Regardless of the logon users, the operation performed to a device or to a function block data item may be restricted.• User Security PolicyUser security policy stipulates the scope of operation and monitoring for the users.Each user is restricted to operate or monitor a certain scope of devices and function block data items.

The scope of operation and monitoring permitted for an operator is determined by a combination of HIS security and user securitysettings.


HIS Security

The security level setting means to select either monitoring only machine or monitoring and operation machine (default).

The security level regarding operation and monitoring as well as the operation and monitoring scope can be set for the HIS itself. The HIS security check has a precedence over the user security check. The operation and monitoring scope of the HIS is unrelated with the operation and monitoring scope set for each user group.


HIS Security Definition

The HIS Attribute (security level) and HIS Security (operation and monitoring range) settings in the HIS Constant Builder.

HIS attributes setting. HIS security setting.

See IM33S01B30-01E PART-F Engineering, F9.2 User Group.


User Security

User name: User recognitionPassword: User identificationUser group: Monitoring and operation scopePrivilege level: Monitoring and operation authority

The operations performed by the user are held as the operation record. The operation record can be confirmed by the historical message report.

The operators performing the operation and monitoring functions are classified based on their privilege level (authority). This classification is called user.

The following attributes are assigned to each user:


User Group

The range is set by the plant name. If the plant name is not used, set by the station name and the control drawing.

The following attributes are assigned to each user group:

• User group name: User group recognition• Monitoring scope: Monitoring range• Operation and monitoring scope: Operation and monitoring range• Windows scope: Window names for operation and monitoring• Acknowledgement: Acknowledgment range • Process message receiving: Monitoring range of the generated messages

The users are classified into groups based on their operation and monitoring scopes. This classification is called user group.


Concepts of Scope and Privilege

Operation & monitoring scope of users, OPS*-A in Group-AB using HIS0124 and their privileges.

Operation & monitoring scope of HIS0124.

EquipmentA

Users in Group-AB:OPS1-A: OPS2-A: OPS3-A:

Whole Plant

EquipmentB

EquipmentC

EquipmentD

EquipmentE

Operation & monitoring scope of user Group-AB.

MonitoringOperation and monitoringOperation, monitoring and maintenance


User Registration

UserSec builder registers user names. The UserSec builder also specifies user groups belong to, privilege levels and so on.

Registration of user name, user group and privilege levels.

CENTUM users should be registered in the window above. User and user group for MS Windows are different from the CENTUM users.

Detailed setting items:With detailed setting items builder, operation and monitoring range can be specified.


User Group Registration

Default user groups and their rage setting.

User group registration and their rage setting.

UserSec builder registers user group names. The UserSec builder also specifies ranges of operation and monitoring, acknowledgement and so on.


Privilege Levels

The following default privilege levels are available (security level 4).

*1: Maintenance means the engineering work such as initiation of the builder.

The users’ operation and monitoring rights on HIS are defined according to privilege levels.For each window, operation and monitoring rights can be defined. Whether the user with a certain privilege level is permitted to operate the specified data item can also be defined.


Privilege Levels and Ranges

Monitoring and operation ranges and so on for each user can be customized with the detailed setting items builder.

User privilege levels can be customized (U1 to U7.)

Window authorities (Access levels).

Registration of monitoring range for each user privilege.

Detailed setting items.

Operation and monitoring range customizing sheets for each user privilege.


Window Authorities Definition

Definition of window operation and monitoring authority.

The authorities on windows can be defined in the “Create New Window” dialog.


Function Block Security Definition

Definition of the security level.(Level 4 is default.)

The function block security level can be defined in the function block detail builder basic tab.


Mode Selection Key

In the case of the operation key When the engineering key is selected.Changes between The key can be switched

the ON, OFF positions. to any position.

The following two mode selection keys are used to switch the security level:

When the HIS is connected with an operation keyboard, the privilege level of the user may be changed temporarily using the mode selection key on the keyboard. The privilege level changed on the keyboard has higher priority than the level set in the user-in dialog box.

• Operation key (Privilege level S2)The key can be switched between the ON and OFF positions only.• Engineering key (Privilege level S3)The key can be switched to any position.


Operation MarkAn operation mark attached on an instrument faceplate temporarily restricts the user privilege levels of operation and monitoring. Operation mark definition builder defines a tag label, a tag level and so on.

For each operation mark, a tag level (a privilege level) can be assigned.

For each operation mark, a privilege level for the installation or removal of the operation mark can be assigned.


Common Items

The following items are common for engineering functions:

• NameSystem generation function names basic elements such as function blocks, windows, and so on.

• CommentSystem generation function adds comments for the explanation to function blocks, windows and so on, if necessary.

• Type of filesSystem generation function handles three-type of files; Builder file, Save As file and Working file.

• Configuration of folders and filesEngineering data are configured with a unit of project.

• External fileThe data defined by the builder can be exported to an external file with a different format.


Name (Window Name)

System generation function can name function blocks and windows, which are basic elements of the system.

• Window nameEach window has a system defined widow name. Besides the system defined window name, users can name some windows. The user defined window name should be defined with English letters (capital letter only) and numerical figures within 16 characters including ‘_’ (under score) and ‘-’ (hyphen). However, ‘_’ and ‘-’ cannot be used at the beginning.

REACTOR-A-GRGR_REACTORA


• Tag name

The names, which are assigned to identify function blocks, elements and so on in the control stations are called tag names. There are two kinds of the tag names; system tag names and user defined tag names.

The system tag name consists of % [element code] [element number] S [domain number] [station number].

%SW1024S0102

The user defined tag name can be defined with English letters (capital letters only) and numerical figures including ‘_’ (underscore) and ‘-’ (hyphen) up to 16 characters. But ‘_’ and ‘-’ cannot be used at the beginning.

FIC1035, TIC100-A

Name (Tag Name)


The builder configuring operation and monitoring functions, control functions has three types of files.

• Builder fileThe master file handled by the builder is called a builder file. The file extension is .edf.When the created file is saved with Save command or downloaded with Download command without any error, the file becomes the builder file.

• Save-As fileWhen the defined contents by the builder have errors, the file cannot be saved with Save command. The file is saved with Save As command. The file extension is .sva.The SVA file may be imported to the builder for editing.

Type of Files

Data import and export also use SVA files.


Type of Files• Working file

During editing of a builder file, the file can be saved as a working file, even the file has errors. The file extension is .wkf. If a working file is saved, a builder file and a working file exist. Only the builder file can be edited. When the builder file is called up, the working file may be imported into the builder file. After editing the builder file is saved or downloaded without errors, the working file is deleted.

The working file can only be imported by the corresponding builder file.

A builder and a working file of DR0007.

Working file selection dialog.


• ImportThe builder files created by other projects or other stations can be introduced into a builder. It is referred to as Import.

• ExportThe defined builder files can be output to files with different formats. It is referred to as Export.

Control drawingGraphic file

Station A

ExportBuilder file

SVA fileCSV fileTXT file

ImportStation B

External Files

Control drawingGraphic file


Test Function


PART-ENG 5

Test Function


With I/O devices

Without I/O devices

Types of test

Target test

Types of Test

The test function is the tool to test the data and functions created by a user with engineering functions.

Types of tests are automatically selected by the test function based on the project’s attribute.

Current project (FCS downloaded)

User defined project/default project (FCS not downloaded)

Virtual test

Use wiring function

See IM33S04N10-01E PART-A Functions, A1 What is Test Function?


V net

ooo

Standard FCS

The target test uses the actual FCS for testing.The test can be executed either using I/O modules or wiring functions without I/O modules.

HIS

I/O disconnection(wiring function)

FIC100PID

I/O simulator

1st order lag, dead time or other

functions

IN OUT

Target Test


Virtual Test

A single PC can execute the test without CS equipment.

Virtual test functionCENTUM CS

1000/3000 system

One PC executes test

Test function

System generation

Multiple FCS

FCS

HIS

Operation and

monitoring


V net

ooo

FCS

HIS

The virtual test functions executes the test using a FCS simulator for a real FCS. The FCS simulator functions on a PC.

Virtual test function

Operation /monitoring

FCSsimulator

HIS or PC

Creation and testing of the applications do not require a special hardware.A general purpose PC performs engineering and testing anywhere.

Disconnection from the control network

Virtual Test Functions


Procedures of Virtual Test

Mode changes automatically. Edge color changes to red.

Change of HIS operation mode

FCS simulator start-up

Automatic wiring

Wiring load

Confirmation

Selection of tested FCS

Test function start-up

Wiring edit

Automatic start-up. Test icon appears.

When the wiring file is edited, the wiring file should be loaded manually.

Automatic wiring for the function blocks newly added during the test operation is not performed.


Wiring Function

The wiring function executes a virtual wiring between process I/O module terminals.This function enables the test of the control functions in the FCS or the FCS simulator, not using real I/O devices.

To operate the wiring function, downloading of a wiring definition and wiring data is needed.

See IM33S04N10-01E PART-A Functions, A5 Wiring Edit.

ooo

FCS

Output moduleA(+)B(-)

Output modules are to be short-circuited in the I/O disconnected target test to avoid the output open state (OOP).


Wiring Editing FunctionThe wiring editor enables to edit the connections between I/O terminals, the delay or lag time constants and so on.

The wiring file is created automatically and downloaded to the created control drawing.

Wirings are performed automatically for the function blocks having I/O terminals.


Concepts of Wiring FunctionThe wiring function makes connections virtually between the process I/Os not using the actual I/Os. (I/O disconnection.)

FCS control functions

Virtual data area(Contents of the wiring file)Lag or delay functions can be used as a simplified process simulation tool.

TIC101OUT

FIC101

SETIN

OUT

I/O image on FCS memory

Lag/delayfunction

Lag/delayfunction

IN

PID

PID


Download Function


PART-ENG 6

Download Function


System DownloadDifference between the HIS download and the FCS download.

FCS databaseBlock configuration,

I/O configuration

HIS databaseWindow configuration,

messages

HIS function

download

FCS

System viewData are transferred to memory by the equalize function

At the next window switching, revised data becomes effective

HIS

FCS function

download

Data transmission to an HDD

Write on a main memory

At the next scanning period, revised data becomes effective.


FCS Download

Offline download

The offline download transfers all FCS related engineering data to the FCS after stopping it.

The FCS download transfers the created and/or edited database to the FCS.

Online download

The online download transfers the difference between the created FCS database and the existing FCS database in the project without stopping the FCS.

Some databases such as FCS constants cannot be online downloaded.


Offline Download

Control function databaseFunction block configuration,

I/O configuration

Tuning parameter database

Created control function database and automatically created default parameters.

Control stationEngineering database

Offline download operation.

Offline download Tuning parameter

database

In FCS offline downloading, a message box prompting for saving tuning parameters of the selected FCS appears.


I/O configuration


Tuning Parameter Save

Parameters tuned by operators and functions

Tuning parameter

save

Tuning parameter save operation.


Engineering database Control station


If the tuning parameters are not saved, the default values of the tuning parameters when each function block is created or the parameters saved before previous downloading will be downloaded.


I/O configuration


I/O configuration


Online Download

The difference between the edited control function database and the control station (FCS) database is downloaded.

Online download

Online download operation.


Engineering database Control station



I/O configuration


I/O configuration


Offline / Online Download

Difference of control function

database

Scope of offline

download

Operation difference between the offline download and the online download.


Engineering database

Scope of online

download

Tuning parameter

save

Control station


Offline download

Online download

Parameters changed by engineers and functions


I/O configuration


I/O configuration


System Download

Project common download, IOM download, HIS download and FCS offline download can be executed from System View.

Selected FCS database is downloaded

See IM33S01B30-01E PART-F Engineering, F1.1.5 Load Menu of System View.


System Download

In the current project, as the builder file save and the online download are executed at the same time, ‘Download’ is indicated on the menu.

As the online download is impossible in a user project, ‘Download’ is not shown on the menu. After editing, execute ‘Save’.

1 YOKOGAWATE33Q4T30-01E

CS1000/3000 (R3.04)

Fundamental Course TextbookTE33Q4T30-01E


CS1000/3000 Overview

A-1 Process Control Devices

A-2 System Overview

CS1000/3000 Fundamental Course TextbookPART-A CS1000/CS3000 Overview


CS1000/3000 Fundamental Course Textbook

A-1 Process Control Devices

01. Process Control Basic

02. Process Control Systems

03. Types of Control Systems

Process Control Devices


Feedback Control (Regulatory Control)

TIC102-B

PID

Steam

PV(Process Variable)

MV(Manipulated Variable)

SV(Setpoint Variable)

Process

Feedback Control (Regulatory Control)

Temperature converter

Final control element

Temperature controller

Temperature controller


Sequential Control

LI001

PVI

V2:Outflow Valve

V1:Inflow Valve

Start

V1 Open

Inflow

LI001“HI”

V1 Close

V2 Open

Outflow

HI

LO

Outflow

Inflow

Operation PanelN

N

NLI001“LO”

V2 Close

End

N

LevelIndicator


Analog Control / Digital Control

PID unit

Controller

DeviationProcess variableMVSV +

–

PV

PIDPROCESS

(including control valve )

Sensor andTransmitter

Controller

MVSV +

–

PV

Numerical Data

CPU D/A &hold

A/D

PROCESS(including control

valve )

Sensor andTransmitter

Analog ControlIn analog control, PID computation is carried out with an electric current or voltage by a hardware. It is very hard to change the control algorithm.High accuracy computations used for the advanced control are also difficult.

Analog Control

Digital ControlIn digital control, PID computation is carried out by a software. It is easy to change the control algorithm.High accuracy computations used for the advanced control are also easy.

Digital Control

Process variableDeviation


Centralized Control System

Operator Station(monitoring and logging)

A/D I/OBuffer

MPXINPUT UNIT

MV

PV

SV SV SV

CPU(Computer)

Alarm Report

D/AI/OBuffer

MPXOUTPUT UNIT

SPC (Setpoint Control)Then the computer was used for setting optimum setpoints on individual controllers.

DDC (Direct Digital Control)And then a single computer is used to executes control computations for controlling multiple control loops.

LoggerAt the initial stage, a computer was used as a logger only for the monitoring and logging.

SPC(Setpoint Control)


Distributed Control System (1)

I/O Image

Communication module

Output moduleInput module

Analog outputAnalog input

Isolator

CPU Data/Communicationprocessing

V/Iconversion

D/A conversion

CPU Data/Communicationprocessing

A/D conversion

Signal conversion

Isolator

The concept of I/O processing of the distributed control system.

Each signal conversion module in the node (I/O processing unit) has a CPU.

I/O signal processing is distributed.

Node


Distributed Control System (2)

Control Network

Plant A

Distributed control and centralized operation & monitoring

CPU

Field Control Station

I/O

CPU

Plant B Utility

I/O Image

I/O Image

Node

CPU


I/O

CPU

I/O Image

I/O Image

Node


CPU

I/O

FCU FCU

CPU

FCU

I/O Image

I/O Image

Node

The concept of computation processing of the distributed control system.

Independent control stations for each plant.

Control processing is distributed.


System Overview

CS1000/CS3000 Fundamental Course Textbook

A-2 System Overview

01. Basic Concepts of DCS 02. System Configuration


CENTUM CS Lineup

• CENTUM CS 3000 R3DCS based on Windows for large-scale factories The new production control system of Yokogawa. The CENTUM CS 3000 R3 features sophisticated functions and components to meet all production state requirements.

• CENTUM CS 1000 R3DCS based on Windows for small- and medium-scale factories The CENTUM CS 1000 R3 has the same architecture as CS 3000. It is specifically designed for the requirements for the middle and small scale plants.

• CENTUM CSDCS based on UNIX for large-scale factories The CENTUM CS was put on market in 1993. Since then, the CENTUM CS proudly keeps its overwhelming high reliability.


History of DCS

Development of digital control technology and Yokogawa’s DCS.


Position of DCS

OrderProduction plan

Production management

Production system

Customer management

Process control management

Production equipment

Total information system in manufacturing.

Order reception

Demand prediction

Business system

DCS(Production control system)


Concepts of Modern DCS

Open information network

Operator/work station ( Open environment )

Real-time control network

Advanced control station ( RISC processor )

Field bus

Intelligent devices (with basic control functions)


CENTUM CS Configuration

TIC101PID

FIC101PID

ooo

FCS (Control station)

HIS (Operator station)

I/O operations to and from the field, control computation and so on are executed by FCS.

The interface functions of operation and monitoring are executed by HIS.

V-net(Communication bus)

Real-time control network


CS and Single Loop Controller

V net

YS100Single loopcontroller

Inpu

t con

vers

ion

Out

put c

onve

rsio

n

Computation

HIS

Input processing(A/D conversion)

Output processing(D/A conversion)

Control computationTI

C00

1

TIC

002

TIC

003

TIC

004

TIC

001

TIC

002

TIC

003

TIC

004

TIC

001

TIC

002

TIC

003

TIC

004

I/O modules

ESB or RIO bus I/O images

FCS

Node

FCU(Field Control Unit)


Signal Flow in CS (Example)

TIC100

PID

Process variable PVEngineering data

Ex. 350 ºC

A/D

-5.9 – 48.8mVAnalog data

I/O images

Internal RIO/ESB bus communication

Field device connection(Hard-wiring)

FIC100

PID

-200 – 1200 ºCDigital data

Engineering dataEx. 6.5 M3/M SETOUT

Process variable PVEngineering data

Ex. 5.2 M3/M

Terminal connection(Soft-wiring)

OUT

IN

IN

A/D D/A

4 - 20mAAnalog data

4 - 20mAAnalog data

0 – 100 %Digital data

-200 – 1200 ºCType K TC

0 - 10.0 M3/M

-200 – 1200 ºCDigital data

0 – 100 %Digital data

0 – 100%Digital data

0 – 100%Digital data

I/O (PIO) connection(Soft-wiring)

Measuring range is set by each function block.


System Function Concept

Subsystem(PLC, DARWIN etc)

Production Management (MES*, PIM**)

Field Devices (Production Plant)

CENTUM CS1000/CS3000

*MES:Manufacturing Execution System

**PIM:Plant Information Management

Process I/O,Subsystem I/O,Fieldbus I/O etc.

Ethernet communication

*Can be executed by HIS.

Operation & MonitoringFunction (HIS)

V-net/VL-net communication

Control Function (FCS)

Engineering Function* (ENG)


Features of Operation & Monitoring Functions

Features of HIS operation and monitoring functions:

■ Keeping abreast of the operation environments for the modern technologyThe human-machine interface (HMI) uses a generic PC and Windows 2000 or Windows XP. This allows to use the most modern PC as a hardware and to keep abreast of the development of Windows as software.

■ Integration of the PC and DCSHIS operation is done by the mouse as the operation for the general applications for Windows. Displayed diagrams and operation methods are the same as the conventional DCS. It allows to accustom to the operation environments easy.

■ Many-sided operation environments for plant operating conditionsThe maximum of 4000 user-defined windows are provides for the CENTUM CS 3000*. It allows to create display windows freely for the operation environments. The plant can be operated not only by an optional operation keyboard or touch panels as in the conventional DCS, but also by the mouse as in the office PC.

Maximum 1000 for CENTUM CS 1000.


Features of Control Functions

Features of the control functions of FCS:

■ High reliability controlThe highly reliable dual-redundant controller used for many years is employed to realize non-stop control.

■ The optimum control stations selectable for a scale or conditions of plantThe standard (centralized) type that controls many distributed I/O points by a control unit or the compact (distributed) type that controls by distributing the control units in a plant, which enables high speed communications by distributing the load of control.These control stations can be used up to *256 for a system. It enables to cope with from a small scale plant to a very large scale plant. (* 24 stations for CENTUM 1000)

■ Control functions that easily realizes the various applications for the plantBy not only a standard PID control and a sequential control function, but also a batch control function based on the ISA S88 standard, the control functions can cope with from a mass production to a flexible production (many-kinds and small-quantity).

■ Coping with intelligent field devicesThe control load can be distributed to a field side with the FOUNDATION fieldbus. This increases an operation efficiency of the control stations that enables the advanced controls. The parameters in devices regardless of vendors can be read in the DCS.


Features of Engineering Functions

Features of the engineering functions of ENG:

■ Easy creation of functionsThe system is created with the software on a generic PC in interactive way and with the minimum settings. Engineering data can be reused and edited with general Windows software. This enables standardization and parallel engineering and leads to a higher quality and a reduction of engineering time. The simulator that has the same data base as the actual controller can be operated on a generic PC. It realizes the environments of the actual operations (virtual test function). A single loop test without an actual controller or an experimental system configuration test is enabled.

■ On-line documentationAll of the users manuals is electronic documents and they are provided with CD-ROM’s. The file format is PDF (Portable Document Format) that is the standard electronic documents on the internet.These electronic documents can be read not only in sequence as in the usual documents, but also can be read and printed on demand during engineering.


System Configuration (CS1000)

VL-net

Desktop type HISEthernet(Optional)

Console type HIS

No. of monitoring tags: 8,000No. of stations: 24No. of domain: 1No. of HIS: Max. 8VL-net extension: 185 m*

Compact type PFCS

* Extension length is for 10Base2 cable.


System Configuration (CS3000 small)

V-net

Ethernet

CGW

Communication gateway unit

BCVBus Converter

No. of monitoring tags: 8,000No. of stations: 256No. of domains: 16No. of stations per domain: 64No. of HIS: Max. 16V-net extension: 500m*

Desktop type HISConsole type HIS

Compact type FFCS-S(for FIO)


Supervisory computer

CS3000 in another domain

or XL/μXL

The BCV connects the stations on the V/VL-net on another domain. Other non-V net systems manufactured by Yokogawa may be connected via BCV.

Out of the system


System Configuration (CS3000)

V-net

Ethernet

BCV

Bus converter

(Sub-system)

ooo

ooo

CGW

Console type HIS Desktop type HIS

No. of monitoring tags: 100,000(Expandable up to 1,000,000)No. of stations: 256No. of domains: 16No. of stations per domain: 64No. of HIS: Max. 16V-net extension: 500m*

Compact TypeSFCS

Standard FCS(for RIO)

Standard FCS(for FIO)


Supervisory computer

Communication gateway unit

CS3000 in another domain

or XL/μXL

Out of the system


Engineering Environment in TC

VL net

FCS 0101(PFCS)

Ethernet

HIS 0124 HIS 0123

Left-hand side HIS is HIS0124, which has an engineering database. (Use Reactor A control system.)

Engineering data

HIS0124 should be activated before HIS0123.

Right-hand side HIS is HIS0123, which has no engineering database. HIS0123 shares the database with HIS0124. (Use Reactor B control system.)


Sub-system Integration

The subsystem communication function enables CENTUM to use the data of PLC’s, recorders, measuring systems as the data from process I/O.

OPC* Server

Subsystem

Desktop type HIS Ethernet

Subsystem

Subsystem communication network

Subsystem communication network

Subsystem communication

module

Compact TypeFCS

V-net

General-purpose PC

General-purpose subsystem gateway

GSGW(OPC client)

* OPC: OLE for Process Control


Remote Desktop Function

V-net

HIS LAN

Internet / Intranet

LFCS KFCS

ooo The remote desktop function of Windows XP Professional enables to use the functions of CENTUM CS 3000 from the remote location. By logging on the host machine from a client machine, the client machine can execute operation and monitoring or builder functions. It is also possible to log on the host machine via internet.

PC


Operation & Monitoring Station (HIS)

Solid Style Console HIS

Desk Top HIS

Open Style Console HIS

CS1000/3000 Fundamental Course TextbookPART-B Operation and Monitoring Station

B-1 Operation and Monitoring Common ItemsB-2 System Message and Navigator WindowsB-3 Standard Operation and Monitoring Windows

2 YOKOGAWATE33Q4T30-01E 2 YOKOGAWA

Common Items

01. Operation and Monitoring Station (HIS)02. Configuration of Operation and Monitoring Stations03. HIS Desktop

Window ModeOperational Environment of Desktop

04. Window Size05. Window Name06. Window Hierarchy07. Window Closing08. Circulate Windows09. Dynamic Window Set10. Print Screen11. Rotate Windows12. Panel Set13. Operation Group

CS1000/3000 Fundamental Course TextbookB-1 Operation and Monitoring Common Items


Operation & Monitoring Station (HIS)

Solid Style Console

Drawer

Engineering Keyboard(Keyboard for PC)

Solid Style Console Kit

General Purpose PC

18” LCD / 21” CRT

Touch panel (Optional)

Operation Keyboard

Mouse (Mouse for PC)

18” LCD / 21” Upper CRT (Optional)


Operation & Monitoring Station (HIS)Open Style Console

18” Upper LCD (Optional)

Touch panel (Optional)

18” LCD

Drawer

Operation Keyboard(Optional)

Engineering Keyboard(Keyboard for PC)

Open Style Console Kit

General Purpose PC

Mouse (Mouse for PC)


Console Type HIS

Open style console

Mouse pad

Drawer for engineering

keyboard

Solid style console


General purpose PC in a console.

The merit of using general purpose PC:• The latest hardware models are available.• Easy hardware maintenance.• Out of dated hardware can be easily renewed with a minimum investment.

General Purpose PC in Console


Cards Installed in PC

Two kinds of card are installed to the PC for using the PC exclusively as the HIS.

• Control bus interface card (VF701*):The card is the V-net/VL-net system communication card, which

is installed to the PC/AT compatible PC.

* Every HIS needs this card.

** This card is not necessary for a desk top HIS, as the HIS does not use a console kit.

• Extended interface card for a Console Type HIS (AIP261**):The card connects with the interface relay board attached to the power

distribution board via a dedicated cable. It realizes functions such as communication with the operation keyboard and the touch panels, monitoring the temperature and fans, and output/input of contact signals.


Control Bus Interface Card (VF701)The control bus interface card is installed in a PCI slot of the general purpose PC. The card connects the PC to V-net/VL-net for communication.


Operation Keyboard (Optional)

Data input keys

32 Function keys

Window call keys

Scroll keys

Alarm acknowledgement keys

Confirmation keys

Mode transfer key switch Built-in speaker

Operation keyboard for single loop operation (desk top type HIS).

The operation keyboard for the console type HIS enables 8-loop operation at a time.

Cursor move keys


Operation Keyboard

Operation keys on keyboard

Overview window call

Tuning window call

Graphic window call

Process alarm window call

Operator guide

window call

Control window call

Trend window call

Process report window call

Help dialog call

Navigator window call

Upper window call

Print screen Buzzer rest

DisplayCursor move

Alarm acknowledgment

Auxiliary

Circulate

window erase

System status

overview window call

Right sibling window call

Left sibling window call


Operation Keys for Instruments

Target key: The key transfers operating data from MV to SV during manual mode (MAN).

INC key: The key increases data. 1 % of full-scale data increases every 0.2 seconds while the key is pressed. It takes 20 seconds to change 100%.

DEC key: The key decreases data. 1 % of full-scale data decreases every 0.2 seconds while the key is pressed. It takes 20 seconds to change 100%.

Speed-up key: Pressing this key together with INC key or DEC keyaccelerates the changing speed 4 times.

CAS key: The key transfers the block mode to cascade (CAS) or semi-automatic mode (SEMI). Pressing this key together with AUT key transfers to cascade mode, with MAN key transfers to semi-automatic mode.

MAN key: The key transfers the block mode to manual (MAN).

AUT key: The key transfers the block mode to automatic (AUT).


Access Mode Transfer Key Switch

Builder operation is only possible in ENG mode.


Operation and Monitoring Functions

Basic functions for operation and monitoring:

• Operation and monitoring window functions as graphic windows.

• Trend window functions to save and redisplay trends.

• Message window functions to output operator guide and alarm messages.

• Function key functions that simplify operations. (Operation keyboard)


Operation and Monitoring FunctionsCommon Functions Operation & Monitoring

WindowsGraphic windowControl windowOverview windowTuning windowTrend windowProcess alarm windowOpe. Guide windowMessage monitoring window

System Maintenance Functions

System status overview windowSystem alarm windowFCS status display windowBCV status display windowHIS setup windowTime set dialogHelp dialog

Operation & Monitoring Support Functions

Process report functionHistorical message report functionSecurity functionLogging functionDesktop setting functionVoice message functionITV connecting function Multiple monitoring functionExtended alarm filtering functionRemote desktop function

Control Status Display Windows

Control drawing windowSequence table windowLogic chart windowSEBOL windowSFC window

Trend FunctionsTrendTuning trendTrend display of other stationsLong term data saving functionExpert trend display functionOutput function to external recorder

FCS Data Set / Save Functions

Web Monitoring Functions

Builder Definition Referring Functions

Open Interface

Historical Message Integration

Window CallOperation window modeSystem message windowWindow hierarchyNavigator windowDynamic window setCirculate functionAlarm processing functionPrint screen function


Capacities

The table shows the operation and monitoring function capacity.

No. of monitoring tagsNo. of user defined windowsCommunication data of graphic windowModify conditions of graphic windowModify conditions of objectNo. of faceplate display

CS1000 CS3000

No. of trend samplesNo. of trend window display pensTuning trend periodsNo. of tuning trend reserve pointsNo. of 1 sec/10 sec trend pointsNo. of 1 min to 10 min trend pointsNo. of total trendsNo. of other station trends

8,000 tags1,000 / HIS200 / windows100 / windows8 / object16 windows

100,000 tags4,000 / HIS400 / windows200 / windows8 / object16 windows

2,880 data8 pens1 second16 points256 points (2 blocks)1,024 points (8 blocks)1,024 points (8 blocks)1,024 points (8 blocks)

2,880 data8 pens1 second16 points256 points (2 blocks)2,560 points (20 blocks)6,500 points (50 blocks)3,840 points (30 blocks)


HIS Desktop

Screen modes and operation environments can be set on the HIS desktop according to operation customs and security.

When both full screen mode and CENTUM desktop are used, the display similar to CENTUM CS displays are obtained.

Screen Mode: Either full screen mode or window mode is selectable. (HIS Setup)

Operation Environment: Either Windows standard or CENTUM desktop is selectable. (HIS Utility)

Operation environment setting requires the system administrator authority and HIS restart. Environment switching during operation is not possible.


Operation Screen ModeThere two operation screen modes: Full screen mode and window mode.

Full Screen Mode:The mode that displays a window over the entire screen.

Window Mode:The mode that displays windows in the usual form of overlapped windows.


Full Screen ModeIn the full screen mode, a single operation and monitoring window, excluding a system message window, is displayed over the entire screen. That window is called a main (or primary) window and other windows are called auxiliary (or secondary) windows.

A single main window and 5 auxiliary windows can be displayed on default setting.

Window is displayed as the main window when the window is called without size specification or –SL specification.

Window is displayed as the auxiliary window when the window is called with –SM or -SC specification.


Window ModeIn the window mode, all the windows are displayed overlapped in Windows way. Maximize, minimize, close operations and so on are the same as Windows general applications.

Up to 6 operation and monitoring windows can be displayed on default setting.

Operation buttons are displayed as the windows applications.


Mode SwitchingOperation and monitoring screen mode of CS1000/CS3000 can be switched from HIS setup window.

Screen mode switching(Needs HIS restart)


HIS Desktop Operation Environment

Two desktop environments are provided for CS1000/CS3000.

● Windows Standard Environment:

The standard desktop when the Windows was installed. The standard Windows operation, such as to start general applications or to access to the network can be executed during the operation and monitoring of process.

Shutdown and restart operations of HIS are the same as the operations of a usual PC.


HIS Desktop Operation Environment● CENTUM Desktop Environment:

The environment that emphasizes on process operation and monitoring. Main differences from Windows environments are;

Shutdown and restart operations of HIS require S3 privilege.

•[Shutdown], [Run] and [Search] won’t be displayed on the [Start] menu.

•Neither command prompt nor Explorer can be started.

•No icons on the desktop.

•Context menu may not be displayed by right-clicking the taskbar.


Desktop Environment Setup

The switching of the desktop environment is specified with HIS utility dialog by the system administrator.

Automatic startup of operation and monitoring functions of HIS are also set by this utility.

Desktop environment setup

When [Auto logon] and [Startup] are ticked, the HIS starts when the power for the HIS turns on.


Window Display Size

The window display size can be selected from the following three sizes:

In window mode:

• When the Large size is specified (-SL) : 80% width of the screen• When the Medium size is specified (-SM): 50% width of the screen

• When the Special size is specified (-SC): The size varies with thedesign at creation. (No scaling, Individual windows)

In full screen mode:

• When the Large size is specified (-SL) : 100% width of the screen(The large size window is referred to as a main window, and other windows are as auxiliary windows.)


Display PositionThe display position of the called window can be specified beforehand.The display position is specified using X and Y coordinates. The specification range falls within 0 to 32676. The window display position is specified in the format given below:

=+X coordinate + Y coordinate

X coordinate ：The X coordinate the left edge of the screen is set as origin.

200

100

Y coordinate ：The Y coordinate the upper edge of the screen is set as origin.

(+200,+100)


Name (Window Name)

Each window has its own window name. The window can be called by entering the window name in [Input Window Name] dialog on the system message window.Built-in system window name (System window name) and user-defined window name (User-defined window name) are provided.

System Window Name: (The system widow names are seldom used inthe actual operation.)

Built-in system windows can be called.Ex. .AL (Process alarm window)

.SO (System status overview window)

User-defined Window Name:User-defined window names are used to call user defined graphic windows and so on.User-defined window name can be defined freely with up to 16 letters of English (upper case only) including underscores and hyphens.Ex. REACT-A-GR

• Window Name:


Name (Tag Name)

The names, which are assigned to identify function blocks, elements and so on in the control stations are called tag names. There are two kinds of the tag names; system tag names and user-defined tag names.

• Tag name:

System tag name:The system tag name is the built-in default tag name and used to call elements and so on. It consists of % [element code] [element number] S [domain number] [station number].

Ex. %SW0100S0101 (common switch)

The system tag name format. %aabbbbSccddaa: Element identifier bbbb: Element No. cc: Domain No. dd: Station No.

User-defined tag name:Used to call user-defined function blocks or elements. The user-defined tag name can be defined freely with up to 16 letters (upper case only) and numerical figures including underscores and hyphens.

Ex. TIC102-A


Window HierarchyEvery operation and monitoring window can be organized systematically based on the concept “window hierarchy”.The window hierarchy enables calling a window in the lower hierarchy from one in the upper hierarchy, and alarm monitoring operation.

When a window hierarchy is used, the desired window can be called directly without having to remember the window name. Also the hierarchical relationship of the windows can be understood visually.

Hierarchy 1 (Upper)

Hierarchy 2

Hierarchy 3 (Lower)


Calling up Window

● Calling Operation and Monitoring Window DirectlyThis method calls a window directly by selecting a button of the window or by entering the window name.• Calling windows from the system message window.• Calling windows from the navigator window.• Calling windows by entering its name.• Calling windows from the operation and monitoring window toolbar.• Calling windows based on window calling definition.• Calling windows from the operation keyboard.

● Calling Windows in Association with the Function BlocksThis method calls windows by selecting objects or messages associated with the function blocks.

● Calling Windows based on the Window HierarchyThis method calls windows by using the window calling buttons provided by the system message window or operation keyboard based on a reference window.


System Message Window

The system message window provides following menu buttons:• Toolbox button • Preset menu button• Operation menu button• Window call menu button

An example of calling a window from [Window Call Menu] button on the system message window.

Clicking these buttons displays menus and a toolbox that are used to call the operation and monitoring windows.


Navigator WindowIn the navigator window, the window hierarchy is displayed together with the window icons.From the navigator window, a specific window in the hierarchy can be called up, or an upper window or a sibling window of the current window can be called up.

An example of calling a specific window from the navigator window.


Entering Window Name (1)

Lower case characters change automatically to upper-case characters.

100

The name input dialog box is called from the system message window or the operation keyboard to enter the window name.Input Format in the Input Window Name Dialog Box:The following is the input format used when calling up windows from the Input Window Name dialog box.

Window name {nFunction type} {nDisplay size} {nDisplay position}{ }: Items in brackets can be omitted.n: A space

200


Entering Window Name (2)Recalling a Window:Up to 8 window names previously entered in the name input dialog box are saved.By clicking the window name display button, the saved window names are displayed in the pull-down menu.To call up a window, select the window name and then click on [OK] button.


Toolbar Associated windows can be called using the call button provided in the operation and monitoring window toolbar.

Example: The toolbar of the tuning window provides buttons to call associated windows with the function block (control drawing window).


Window Call Definition By assigning a window call function to a graphic or a function key beforehand using the system generation function, a window can be called by operating the graphic object or the function key.

Example: By double clicking on the touch target (object) assigned on the tag name, defined tuning window of the tag can be directly called.


Operation Keyboard

An operation and monitoring window can be called up directly by pressing the window call key.

Window call key

A graphic window can be directly called from the graphic window call key.


Function BlocksWhen a window calling button or key is operated while selecting an object or message associated with the function block, the window associated with the selected function block can be called directly.

For example, when the function block TIC102-A is being selected, from the tool box:

The process alarm individual acknowledge window associated with the selected function block is called.

The trend window containing the selected function block is called.

The help dialog associated with the selected function block is called.


Window Call by Hierarchy (1)When window call buttons or keys are operated while no object or message is selected in the window, the reference window based on the window hierarchy or the window related to the window that is active at the time of the call is called up.However, when an upper window is defined with the function block definition builder, the defined window is called up first. When the upper window is defined, the defined upper window can be called neglecting the window hierarchy for the operation and monitoring functions.

Window hierarchy

An upper window can be freely defined with the builder function.


Window Call by Hierarchy (2)

All alarms are displayed.

Previously displayed trend window is called. When no previous trend window exists, the most upper window in the hierarchy is called.

For example, from the tool box:

When window call buttons or keys are operated while no object or message is selected in the window, the window based on the reference window is called up.


Window Call by Hierarchy (3)

For example, while REACT-A-OV window is active, the graphic call button is clicked, REACT-A-GR window which is lower in hierarchy is called.

Active window Lower hierarchy window

When a user-defined window call button in the system message window is clicked while the user-defined window is active, the user-defined window that is lower in hierarchy is called.


Upper Hierarchy Window Call

Active windowUpper hierarchy window

When the active window has an upper hierarchy window, that upper hierarchy window can be called.

For example, while REACT-A-CG2 window is active, the upper window call button is clicked, REACT-A-OV window which is upper in hierarchy is called.


Sibling Window CallWidows of the same type and belonging to the same window hierarchy are called sibling windows.When a displayed window has sibling windows, by clicking on the right or left hierarchy widow call button in the toolbox, the sibling window is called.

Windows of the same type and same hierarchy.

For example, while REACT-A-OV window is active, the right sibling window call button is clicked, REACT-B-OV window which is in the same hierarchy is called.

The left button calls the upper located and the right button calls lower located sibling window.


Display Always Window

Any number of operation and monitoring windows can be specified as the [Display always] window. It is possible to specify 6 windows as [Display always]. However, window erasing is the same for the windows not [Display always].

A total of up to 6 operation and monitoring windows can be displayed at one time. If an additional operation and monitoring window not currently displayed is called up, when already 6 operation and monitoring windows are displayed, the first displayed window is erased and newly called window is displayed.When [Display always] is in effect, the operations and monitoring window specified as [Display always] won’t be erased even new operation and monitoring window is called.

Display alwaysDefault setting


Window Closing

Close All Windows:All windows can be closed with [Clear all] button in the system message window or [Clear all] key on the operation keyboard.

The method to close each window is the same as to close the Windows general application windows.

[Clear all] button on the operation and monitoring window closes all operation and monitoring windows except the system message window. (The Windows general application windows are not included.)

Window close button

Clear all button


Circulate Windows

The window circulate function toggles between the top and bottom positions of the operation and monitoring window group and the Windows general application window group.

Circulate operation

Circulate button


Dynamic Window SetThe dynamic window set saves the currently displayed operation and monitoring windows with window names, display positions, display sizes and so on as a dynamic window set.

For example, save the active REACT-A-CG window displaying multiple windows as a dynamic window set. When the REACT-A-CG window is recalled, the saved window set is displayed.

Dynamic window set save button

Dynamic window set release button


Dynamic Window SetThe dynamic widow set common for all users and the dynamic widow set for each user exist. It is defied with the HIS setup window.

Up to 50 dynamic widow sets can be saved. If the multiple save operations are executed for the same reference window, only the last window set is saved.

Saved dynamic window set can be confirmed.


Print ScreenThe print screen function prints or stores in a file or output to a printer the entire screen or the window image (Max. 10 files). The screen image stored in the file can be displayed in the image window.

Copy button in the toolbar stores screen image.

Image file display button in the tool box calls the image window.

Window name is ‘Image’.


Rotate Windows

The window rotate function toggles between the top and bottom positions of the operation and monitoring windows.

Rotate button

Rotate operation


Panel Set (CS3000)The panel set function enables to call up multiple windows together to multiple HIS. Combination of several windows that are frequently used can be defined as a panel set and the panel set can be called up with one-touch operation. (CS3000 function)

The panel set call operation defined on a function key displays the defined panel set on the own HIS, or notifies the panel set name to other HIS that is defined by the builder. The other HIS display the notified panel set.

PSET notification to

HIS0123

PSET operation of HIS0124HIS0124 HIS0123


Operation Group and Buzzer ACK ID

•Operation GroupA number of HIS on the same communication bus system configured as the same operation group. The operation and monitoring can be performed in the unit of group. This group is called an operation group.

The operation group functions are such as the acknowledgement of operator guide messages, panel set call and the deletion of messages.

•Buzzer ACK IDA number of HIS on the same communication bus system is able to have the same buzzer ACK ID.

The buzzer ACK ID is the function to reset the buzzer of other HIS having the same buzzer ACK ID by the acknowledge operation with a single HIS.


System Message and Navigator Windows


B-2 System Message and Navigator Windows

01. System Message Window

02. Navigator Window


System Message WindowSystem message window of CS1000/CS3000 (Window mode)

System message window


System Message Window

Toolbar Date and time display area

Message display area Icon display area

The system message window consists of a toolbar, message display area, icon display area and date and time display area. Displays the latest alarms and messages and calls various operation and monitoring windows via button operation. This window enables basic operation and monitoring of a plant collectively.The system message window is called up automatically when HIS starts up. The window is displayed at the front of other windows except the toolbox.


ToolbarThe toolbar is used to call the operation and monitoring windows. It also indicates the status of generated alarms by its button color and flashing state.

Process alarm window *

User-in dialog

System alarm window *

Operator guide window *

Message monitoring window

Window call menu

Operation menu

Preset window menu

Toolbox

Navigator window

Name input dialog

Circulate

Clear-all

Buzzer reset

Hard copy

¤ Pull-down menu exists.* Color and flashing state may change.

¤

¤

¤¤


Tool BoxDisplay always

System status displayHelp

Process alarm

Tuning

TrendGraphic

Process reportUpper

Save window set

Operator guide

Control

Historical report

Image

RotateLarge size

Middle sizeBuilder call *

Drawing call *

Right (Sibling window call downward)

Overview

Release window set* Optional

Left (Sibling window call upward)


Tool-hintWhen the mouse cursor is brought near a tool button, the tool-hint (button name) may popped up. If not, click on the toolbar to make active and try again.

Toolbox

Graphic

Toolbox

Toolbar ( system message window)

The form of the toolbox can be changed and displayed always. A window call with a single action is possible without an operation keyboard.

See Supplement II. Toolbars of Various Windows.


Menu Display from Toolbar

Operation menu

Preset window menu

Toolbox


Message Display Area

On the message display area of the system message window, the latest unacknowledged single message among process alarm messages, annunciator messages and system alarm messages is displayed. When unacknowledged messages exist, the corresponding buttons may flash.When the message display button or the message display area is clicked, the latest 5 unacknowledged messages are pull-down displayed.

Message display area Message display button


Icon Display Area

In the icon display area of the system message window, icons that indicate the state of the own station or the system is displayed.

System view is operatingIcon display area

Under virtual test

I/O is disconnected (Under test condition)

Equalization is required

Isolated HIS

No icons are displayed while the operation is normal.


Navigator WindowHIS classifies all user-defined windows used for the operation and monitoring, and displays hierarchically. With this display, the user can grasp the architecture of the windows used in the system at a glance. The window is called the navigator window.

Toolbar

Status bar

Hierarchical pane

Window pane

User-defined windows

System-defined windowsRecipe-related windows


Toolbar in Navigator Window

Selected window call (similar to a double-clicking)

The navigator window consists of a toolbar, a window hierarchy display area and a status bar.

Move to the currently active window pane.

Display window in large size

Display window in default size.

Display window in middle size

When the window saved as a reference window of a window set is called up in default size, the window set is displayed.


Icons in Navigator Window

On the side of the window names in the navigator widow, the icons that indicate the widow types are displayed.

Icons frequently used window types.

Graphic window (overview attribute)

Graphic window (graphic attribute)

Graphic window (control attribute)

Trend window

Process alarm window

Operator guide window

System status overview window

HIS setup window

System alarm window

FCS status display window

BCV status display window

Process report window

Product overview window

Product control window

Shortcut window (e.g. for graphic window)

Top hierarchy (User-defined window, system window, receipt related window)


Alarm Display in Navigator WindowThe colors of the icons for windows that indicate states of alarms or messages change according to the alarm occurrence status. The users, therefore, can visually determine in which of the function block being monitored in the window is generating the alarm.

• Entire icon is redIndicates there is an unacknowledged alarm.

• Entire icon is greenIndicates that the alarm returned to normal state but not acknowledged.

• Icon’s edge is redIndicates there is an acknowledged alarm.

• Icon’s edge is greenIndicates that no alarm occurs.


Standard Windows


B-3 Standard Operation and Monitoring Windows

01. Faceplate Window02. Graphic Window03. Overview Window04. Control Window05. Tuning Window06. Trend Window07. Process Alarm Window08. Operator Guide Window09. Message Monitoring Window


Faceplate Window

The faceplate window is used not only for monitoring but also for setting or operating directly any function blocks (controllers, indicators, transfer switches etc.) and internal elements (internal switches, timers, counters etc.) defined in the control system.

One faceplate window is provided for each function block and internal element. The instrument faceplate that is called up directly is referred to as the faceplate window.


Faceplate Window ConfigurationThe instrument faceplate consists of the following elements:

Comment display area

Status display area

Parameter display area

Instrument display area

Operation mark

Data entry dialog box call buttonINHIBIT


Status / Parameter Display Area

Tag mark

Block mode

Alarm status

Calibration status

Cascade mark

Alarm OFF status

The status display area and the parameter display area consist of the following elements:

According to the type of instruments or control functions block status or CMP mark may be displayed.

Engineering unit

Data item name

CAL AOF

(AOF color)


Tag Mark TypeThe tag mark indicates the tag importance level and the status of the function block. All function blocks have the tag mark. There are following types of the tag mark according to its importance level:

Important tagGeneral tagAuxiliary tagThe functions related to the tag importance are as follows:Acknowledgement at operation.Alarm flashing.Alarm re-warning.● Important tagAlarm processing level 1Locked type flashing with re-warning functionAcknowledgement required at operation● General tagAlarm processing level 2Locked type flashing● Auxiliary tagAlarm processing level 3Non-locked type flashingSee Supplement III. Alarm Priority.


Tag Mark ColorThe table below shows an example of the tag mark color and alarm status correspondence.

Flashing redAlarm message has been initiated but not been acknowledged.Flashing green

Alarm recovery message has been initiated but not been acknowledged.Constant red or green

Alarm message or recovery message has been initiated and acknowledged.

Color Process Status Examples of Alarm StatusBlue Alarm output off AOFRed Alarm occurrence LO, HI, IOP, LL, HH, OOP

Yellow Alarm occurrence ±DV, ±VEL, MLO, MHI

Green Normal NRWhite No alarm function provided -Gray Communication error -

See Supplement V. Alarm Status.


Alarm ActionsHigh and medium priority alarm.

Low priority alarm.

Logging and reference alarm.


Re-warning Alarm• Timer repeated warning:

The timer repeated warning function outputs the message ateach repeated warning cycle.

Operation by re-warning


Acknowledgement


Flashing state of Tag Mark

Occurrence

Recovery Occurrence

Acknowledgement

Recovery

Re-warning(High-priority alarm)

Tag mark color and flashing states transition.

Alarm absent state

Flashing OFF

Alarm absent state

Flashing ON

Alarm present

stateFlashing

OFF

Alarm present

stateFlashing

ON

Acknowledgement

Recovery(Non-lock type)


Display Area of InstrumentThe display area of the instrument provides the bars that represent the manipulated output variable (MV) high and low limit, and the setpoint variable (SV) high, high-high, low, and low-low limit.

The operation exceeding limit values needs confirm operation.

Operation setpoint high-high limit (HH)

MV high limit (MH)

MV operation limit bar

MV operation key

MV low limit (ML)

Operation setpoint high limit (PH)

Operation setpoint operation limit bar

SV operation key

Operation setpoint low limit (PL)

Operation setpoint low-low limit (LL)PV bar

MV index (OPHI)

MV index (OPLO)

Open/Close mark


Operation of Instrument FaceplateThe following operations are possible with the instrument faceplate:• Block mode transfer• INC/DEC of data• Data input

Block mode transfer operation:A single click on the block mode calls a bock mode transfer dialog.

MAN(Manual)

AUT(Auto)

CAS(Cascade)

Mode change is also possible with the mode change keys on the operation keyboard.

INHIBIT


Operation of Instrument Faceplate

Item selection button

Data INC/DEC operation:When an operable pointer* is clicked, the INC/DEC operation dialog corresponding to the pointer appears.

INC/DEC operation button

Data input area

Data input operation:

When the data input dialog of the instrument faceplate is clicked, the data input dialog appears.The data item that corresponds to the red pointer appears. The data item can be selected by the item selection button.

* [MAN]: MV & SV, [AUT]: SV, [CAS]: -When the MV or SV is being manipulated, the pointer turnsto red. When it is not manipulated, it turns to yellow.


Graphic WindowThe graphic window with graphic attribute is the pane that users can freely create using various objects in order to recognize visually the state of the process control.

State monitoring:The state of pipe lines, valves, reactors and so on is displayed with different colors. It makes grasping the overall condition easier.

Setting operation:Necessary instruments can be called by intuition. It makes the operation simple and certain.


Structure of Graphic Window

Toolbar

Elements consisting the toolbar are common for graphic, overview and control windows.

Graphic display area

Image output

Alarm acknowledgement

Instrument assignment dialogData-bind transfer switch(Displayed only for data-bind function)

Zooming dialog

Instrument faceplate display


Data Bind Function

TIC201

PID

FIC101

PID

Raw material

Steam

FIC201

PID

System ARaw material FIC FIC101

Heating FIC FIC201

Heating TIC TIC201

Level LIC201

System A Charging

PV=XXXXL/M

PV=XXXX

PV=XXXXL/M

When the system A is selected, tag names and data of the system A substitute to display.

System BRaw material FIC FIC102

Heating FIC FIC202

Heating TIC TIC202

Level LIC202

When the system B is selected, tag names and data of the system B substitute to display.

Tank level


Instrument Faceplate AssignmentThe instrument faceplate assignment can be changed temporary with the instrument assignment dialog. However, the Instrument faceplate size may not be changed.The defined instrument faceplate assignment is peculiar to the HIS that changed the assignment. If the graphic window definition is downloaded by the builder, this temporary defined assignment is no more effective.

Instrument faceplate assignment button

Displayed instrument faceplate


Overview WindowThe overview window (a graphic window with overview attribute) is the window that collectively displays alarm status and so on for monitoring the process with assigned overview objects. This window that has the function to call up related windows can be used as a menu window by posting it to the top hierarchy of monitoring windows of overall plant.

Overview object:Tag name, window name, annunciator message or comment can be assigned on the overview object. Window switching function by touch target assignment and color modify function for alarm are also provided.


Control Window (8-Loop)The control window (a graphic window with control attribute) displays the group of instruments in normal size used for the monitoring and operation. The maximum number of instruments displayed is 8. The normal size instrument can be used not only for monitoring but for operation.

Normal size instrument:The displayed instrument can be operated directly.By double-clicking the tag mark, the instrument faceplate is called.

Soft-key assignment:The soft-keys can be assigned for each instrument. Functions such as tuning window call may be assigned.


Control Window (16-Loop)This window displays the group of compact instruments used for the monitoring. The maximum number of instruments displayed is 16. The compact size instrument cannot be operated. Only for the monitoring. It is possible to assign both the normal size and the compact size on the 16-loop window.

Compact size instruments:By double-clicking the tag mark, the instrument faceplate appears for operation.

(e.g. 5 normal size and 6 compact size instruments.)


Tuning WindowThe tuning window displays the control status of the function block. It is also used for tuning the various control parameters, as well as for attaching and removing operation marks. The tuning window is automatically created when a function block is created with the builder.

Tuning parameter

display area

Tuning trend

Status bar

Toolbar Instrument faceplate


Tuning Window ToolbarThe toolbar of the tuning window has buttons for tuning trend operation, operation mark installation/removal, mode transfer, related panel call and so on.

Operation mark

Tuning trend operation

Control drawing callRaw data display

Calibration modeAlarm off modeImage output


Trend acquisition reserveStop/resume trend

Enlarge data axisReduce data axis

Reduce time axisEnlarge time axis

Primary direct modeDisplayed only when

PRD mode is effective.


Tuning TrendThe tuning trend acquires process data from the function block displayed in the tuning window and displays them as a graph.

The acquisition of tuning trend begins when the tuning window is called up and stops when the tuning window is closed. The reserve function can be used to continue the tuning trend data acquisition after the tuning window is closed. The maximum number of data can be reserved is 16 per HIS. If more than 16 data are reserved, the oldest data are deleted.

Display time spanData axis reducing /

enlarging rate

The process data items acquired from the function block and the corresponding display colors are:• Process variable (PV), calculated output value (CPV), feedback input data (FV) [Cyan]• Setpoint value (SV), switch position (SW) • Manipulated output value (MV) [Magenta]

[White]

The sampling period is 1 second and the recording span is 48 minutes.


Control Drawing WindowThe control drawing window displays the function blocks defined in the control drawing builder and displays the controlling status and connecting status of that function blocks visually.

Toolbar

Control drawing display area

Show/hide terminal names and data status.


Control Drawing Window

The sequence table window can be used to monitor the scan status of the sequence table and the status of conditions.

Toolbar

Table display area

Status bar color:Yellow: Non-executing ruleGreen: Condition not satisfiedRed: Condition satisfied

Condition pattern color:Cyan: Condition not satisfiedRed: Condition satisfied


Trend WindowThe trend window acquires different types of process data and displays time-series change in a graph. The maximum number of trend points can be displayed is 8.

Numerical data display area

Toolbar

Trend data display area

Status bar


Structure of Trend

Trend groupTG0101

1 FIC100.PV2 TIC200.PV3 LIC300.PV45678

LIC300.PV3 LIC300.PV

The trend recording consists of the three layers of the trend blocks, the trend windows and the trend point windows.Trend blockTrend block 01

TR0001Trend block 02


TR0003

Trend block 50TR0050

Trend group 1TG0101

Trend group 2TG0102

Trend group 3TG0103

Trend group 16TG0116

Trend window

Trend point window

Trend window nameTGbbggbb: Block numbergg: Group number

Maximum number trend blocks for CS1000 is 8.

Each trend block can specifies trend type and sampling period.


Trend Data Acquisition Types

The data acquisition includes the following four types:

Continuous-rotary type:Process data are acquired constantly. Data acquisition starts automatically after starting the operation and monitoring functions. When the storage capacity becomes full, the oldest data are deleted and replaced by new data.

Batch-stop type:Data acquisition starts and stops according to the received command. When the storage capacity becomes full, data acquisition stops.

Batch-rotary type:Data acquisition starts and stops according to the received command. If no stop command is given and the storage capacity becomes full, the oldest data are deleted and replaced by new data.

Trend acquired by other HIS:Trend data acquired by other HIS may be referenced in a unit of block.


Sampling Period and Recording Span

In order to preserve the trend data, save the each trend window as a file or utilize the long-term data archive function (optional).

The sampling period can be selected from 1 second, 10 seconds, 1 minute, 2 minutes, 5 minutes and 10 minutes for each trend block. No more than 18 blocks (8 blocks for CS1000) can be specified with the sampling periods of 1 minute, 2 minutes, 5 minutes and 10 minutes. No more than 2 trend blocks can be specified with the sampling period of 1 second or 10 seconds.

2,880 samples can be acquired per pen. The recording span indicates the time to acquire 2,880 samples for each trend in the specified sampling period.

The table below shows the relationship between the sampling period and the recording span:


Toolbar of Trend Window

The trend window toolbar can be used to perform tasks such as reducing or enlarging the trend graph, batch trend operation, trend data save and redisplay.

Image output

Not effective

Long-term trend data save file:Displayed only when the long term data save function is effective.

Pen assignment dialog

Trend display update suspension

Time axis enlarging

Time axis reducing Data axis reducingData axis enlarging

Pen number displayReference pattern display

Display initializing

Trend data save

Saved trend call

Batch trend pauseBatch trend start

Trend recall


Trend Graph Display AreaIn the trend graph display area of the trend window, the trend data acquired according to the trend pen assignment are displayed.

Index mark(Cyan)

Time display‘*’ mark may be added to the displayed time for time change or power failure.

Index mark right move button

Index mark left move button

Time at index mark


Data Display Area and Status BarThe instantaneous value of the trend data and function block information for each trend pen corresponding to the time specified by the trend graph index mark are displayed in the numeric trend data display area of the trend window.

The trend gathering status, display span of the trend graph time and reducing/enlarging scale for the data axis on the trend graph is displayed on the status bar of the tend window.

Numeric trend data display

area

Data item nameInstantaneous value

Status bar

Trend gathering status display

Display span of trend graph time axis

Data axis reducing/enlarging scale


Trend Point WindowThe trend point window displays one of the 8 points of the trend data assigned to trend window. It can be called up from the trend window by selecting a trend pen.

Toolbar

Data display area

Status bar


Changing Displayed Trend Data

In the trend window, the assigned trend pen may be changed.

Changing pen assignment displaying trend data:

The builder defined pen assignment can be changed temporary by calling up the pen assignment dialog with the pen assignment button on the toolbar.

To display the builder defined pen assignment, use display initialize button.


Trend Data SaveThe acquired trend data can be saved in another file. Saving operation in the file is executed for the trend group unit.

To save the displayed trend data, call up the Save AS dialog by clicking the data save button on the toolbar. Enter the file name and the position to save. The file extension “trf” is automatically added.

The saved trend data will be redisplayed on the trend window where the [Saved trend call] button was clicked. The originally displayed trend graph will be replaced. The original trend can be recalled with the [Trend recall] button.

The saved trend can be redisplayed by clicking the display button to select the trend file.


Reference Pattern Assignment

For the batch type trend, specified trend data can be assigned as a reference pattern.

The trend reference pattern, an ideal trend pattern such as the trend record by an operator with expertise can be displayed in the trend window.

When the trend point window is displayed, the related reference pattern is also displayed.

Reference Patterns


Process Alarm WindowThe process alarm window displays process alarms in the order they are generated starting with the most recent alarm. When the alarm is generated, the buzzer sounds and the process alarm button on the system message window and the LED of the process alarm key on the operation keyboard start flashing to notify the operator.

Toolbar

Message display area

Status bar


Alarm Display AreaThe process alarm window displays process alarm messages and annunciator messages in the order that the latest message appears on the top. A maximum of 200 messages are held. If the number of messages occurred exceed 200, the messages will be deleted starting with the oldest ones that have been acknowledged. When there are no acknowledged messages, the oldest unacknowledged messages deleted first.

Medium priority alarm

Alarm recovered

Low priority alarm

High priority alarm

Filtered display rage Number of displayed messages


Tag Mark Color and StatusThe tag mark flashes until the message is acknowledged.

Red !: LO alarm re-warningRed: LO alarm generation

Green: Normal recoveryRed edge: HI alarm recoveryRed frame: HH alarm recoveryRed: HH alarm generationRed: HI alarm generation

Green: Normal recoveryRed: LO alarm recovery

Red: LO alarm generation


Process Alarm Message Search

The filter dialog can be used to display only specific process alarm messages.

Current process variable display

Filter dialog

High priority alarm display

Alarm display updating pause/restart


Process Alarm Notification FlowSystem message window

Process alarm

occurrence

Graphic window


Related window


PrintoutBuzzer soundsSave in file

Navigator window


Toolbar


Operator Guide WindowThe operator guide window displays in order the operator guide messages occurred. When a message is initiated, buzzer is activated and the button on the system message window and the LED of the operator guide message key on the operation keyboard starts flashing to notify the operator.

Status bar


O. G. Message Display AreaA maximum of 40 messages are held. If the number of messages occurred exceeds 40, the messages will be deleted starting with the oldest ones that have been acknowledged.

Interactive message button(For CS batch function only)

Operator guide message mark(The mark for the interactive is .)

Filtered display rage Number of displayed messages


O. G. Message Search

The filter button on the toolbar is used to call up the filter dialog.

The filter dialog can be used to display only specific operator guide messages.

Equipment search


Message Monitor Window

The message monitor window acquires only specified messages from many messages and displays to confirm them in real-time.

Toolbar


Status bar


Message Monitor WindowThe messages to be displayed in the message monitor window are specified with the message registration dialog. The dialog specifies the message type, color and the number of messages.

Maximum number of messagesUp to 200

Display message selection

Display color selection


Message Search

The filter dialog can be used to display only specific operation record messages.

The filter button on the toolbar is used to call up the filter dialog.


Help Dialog BoxThe help dialog box displays the pre-defined help messages. It can be used as the on-line manual during operation.The help dialog box may be called up from an active operation and monitoring window, from a selected function block in the window or from a selected system alarm message by clicking the help button to display a related help message.


Control Station (FCS)

CS1000/3000 Fundamental Course TextbookPART- C Control Station

Standard Type FCS

C-1 Types of control StationsC-2 Node configurationC-3 I/O DevicesC-4 Reliability of FCSC-5 Configuration of FCS FunctionsC-6 I/O Functions of FCS


Types of Control Stations CS3000 R3.04 has 8 types of FCS.

For V, XL migration

SFCSCompact

FCS

(RIO)

RIO FIO

LFCSStandard

FCS

(RIO)

LFCS2Enhanced

FCS(32M)(RIO)

FFCSCompact

FCS

(FIO)

KFCSStandard

FCS

(FIO)

KFCS2Enhanced

FCS(32M)(FIO)

RFCS2Migration

FCS(16M)

(FIO,SIO)

RFCS5Migration

FCS(32M)

(FIO,SIO)

Common hardwareCommon hardware

PFCSCompact

FCS

(RIO)

FFCS-SCompact

FCS

(FIO)

For CS1000 For small CS3000

Different memory capacity

Different memory capacity


Structure of Various FCS

ooo

Compact FCS for FIO(FFCS/FFCS-S)

Compact FCS for RIO(SFCS)

Standard FCS for RIO(LFCS)Standard FCS for FIO

(KFCS)

The field control station that directly connects a control unit and I/O units. (FFCS: with node, FFCS-S: without node)

The field control station that connects a control unit and nodes with the ESB bus.(Maximum 10 nodes)

The field control station that directly connects a control unit and I/O module nests. (No node is used.)Equivalent to PFCS of CS1000.

The field control station that connects a control unit and nodes with the RIO bus.(Maximum 8 nodes)


ER bus

ESB bus

FCU(Field Control Unit)

Standard Type FCS ConfigurationStandard FCS for FIO

KFCSStandard FCS for RIO

LFCSFCU

(Field Control Unit)

Node

Node Interface

Unit

I/O Units

I/O Modules

SUB-system

Node

SUB-system

RIO bus


Control Station (KFCS)

Dual redundant control unit (FCU) in the standard cabinet.


Dual Redundant Control Unit

Dual redundant control unit (FCU) for KFCS.


Compact Type FCS (FFCS)

FCU

CPU modules

Power unit

modules

Dual redundant control unit of FFCS (FCU)

I/O modulesESB bus interface modules


Compact Type FCS (PFCS/SFCS)

CPU modules

Power supply modules

I/O Units

An example of rack mounted PFCS/SFCS:

It consists of a FCU and I/O units. Control bus couplers

FCU


Role of Node (LFCS)

Long distance use.

Shortened wiring

Field

Bus repeater

Optical bus repeater

RIO bus

Node for rack mount type

Control room


Node for cabinet mount type



Nodes can reduce the wiring lengths by planning the optimum system configuration.

RIO bus connects FCU and nodes.

Transmission distance of the optical bus repeaters is either max. 4 km or 15 km.


Node Installation (FIO)

An example of the node for FIO:I/O modules are directly mounted to a backboard.

I/O modules

ESB bus interface modulesPower supply modules

Cable tray Remote node unit uses ER bus interface unit.Node


Node Installation (RIO)

An example of node: I/O modules are installed to the I/O module nests.

I/O moduleI/O module nest

I/O modules

IOU

IOU

Node

Analog I/O module nest

(AMN11, AMN!2)

Relay I/O module

Analog I/O module

Relay I/O module nest

(AMN21)

I/O module nest


I/O Modules

RIO: Individually isolated high-performance I/O modules and multiplexer modules that utilize M4 screw terminals used by CENTUM CS for a long time.

FIO: Newly developed multiplexer type I/O modules that are connectable to the already installed CENTUM-V and XL for replacement. They are compact and abundant in types.

CS3000 R3 has two different I/O modules:

See Supplement IV. Input and Output Modules.


I/O Units and I/O Modules (LFCS)

X8

X4 (front)X5 (rear)

Node

Analog I/O module

Analog I/O module nest

An example of the analog I/O modules and the nest.


I/O Terminal Addressing (RIO)

Nodes

I/O Units

01 02 03

1

2

3

Slot 1

Terminal 05

TI-1001

Addressing of terminals for process connection:

%ZnnusccTerminal number (01 to 32)Slot number (1 to 4)Unit number (1 to 5)Node number (01 to 08)

An example of addressing


I/O Modules (KFCS)

Modules for KFCS

KS cable

ML connector

I/O moduleKS cable interface adapter

From field

Variations of signal cable connection

• Terminal board used for single or dual TC/mV input (AET4D)

• Terminal board used for single or dual digital I/O (AED5D)

Pressure clamp terminal connector


I/O Terminal Addressing (FIO)

PIO block

Format of process I/O terminal number (FIO FCS):

%ZnnusccTerminal (01 to 64)1 fixed (Segment Nos. 1 to 4: Communication modules.)Slot (1 to 8)Node number (01 to 10)

An example of terminal number


Dual Redundant FCU

Temporary computation error which may not be prevented by the diagnostic program can be detected remarkably by collating the computation results from two CPUs.

The CENTUM CS control station adopts “a pair and spare” configuration with spare FCU modules and pair CPUs in a module, which has never been introduced in the world. By collating the computation results, once a transient error is detected, immediately control right is switched to the standby side module. Since the standby module performs control computation synchronized with the control side, control is switched without loss of continuity.

Pair configuration with two CPUs.

Spare configuration with two FCU modules.


Perfect Dual-Redundant Loop

RIOBus card

RIOBus card

FCUFCU

RIOBus

RIOBus

RIOSlave card

RIOSlave card

NIUPSU

NIUPSU

NodeInternal bus

NodeInternal bus

AAM11

RIOBus card

RIOBus card

RIOBus

RIOBus

RIOSlave card

RIOSlave card

NIUPSU

NIUPSU

NodeInternal bus

NodeInternal bus

AAM51

AAM11 Dual-redundant input modules

(Optional)

AAM51

Dual-redundant output modules

(Optional)

The dual-redundant input modules need a dual-redundant signal selector block (SS-DUAL).


Flow of FCS Start

RestartInitialized start

Start processing from the beginning of periodic processing.

Continue processing from the discontinued point.


Configuration of FCS FunctionsFCS control functions consist of the basic control functions, the software I/O functions and I/O interface functions. The basic control functions have various function blocks that perform control computations. The I/O interfaces include the process I/O and other interface functions.

FCS

Basic control Software I/O

I/O interfaces


Function Block and Control Drawing

The function blocks, which are the minimum elements consisting the basic control function, and the control drawings, which connect multiple function blocks, configure the FCS control functions hierarchically.

Function block

TIC100

PIDControl drawing


Function BlockFunction block:The function block is the minimum element that executes control computations.Regulatory control blocks, sequential control blocks, computation blocks, SFC blocks are the function blocks. The control functions can be described like an instrumentation flow sheet by connecting regulatory control, sequential control and computation blocks.Every function block should have a tag name and be stated on a control drawing.

Function blocks(Regulatory control, Computation, Sequential control)

FIC100

PID

ST22-A

ST16

TIM201

TM

CU201

CALCU

TI100

PVI

See Supplement V. Function Block List.


I/O Functions of FCS

FCS

The software I/O is the virtual I/O realized by the FCS software. Data setting or data reference to or from other function blocks or applications is possible.

The I/O interfaces can handle not only process I/Os but also sub-system I/Os as PLCs and fieldbus I/Os.


I/O interfaces


Process I/O

The process I/Os are shown below:

Analog input:Current input, voltage input, mV input, TC input, RTD input, potentiometer input, pulse train input.

Analog output:Current output, voltage output.

Contact input:Contact ON/OFF input signals from field devices to the FCS. Two types of signals exist; status signals and push button signals.

Contact output:Contact ON/OFF output signals from the FCS to field devices.(The status output signals of a status type I/O module can be manipulated in the following styles:Latched type, non-latched type, pulse type and flashing type output.)


Software I/O

Types of software I/O:

• Internal switch:The internal switches exchange logical values between function blocks or applications.

• Message output:The message, which transmits the occurrence of events.

The software I/O enables data setting or data reference to or from other function blocks or applications same as in the process I/O.


Examples of Using Software I/O

Heating start

TIC101

PID

FIC101

PID

Sequence operations like SV setting, block mode switching in a regulatory control.

An internal switch latched output for the graphic display modify.

Operator guide message output

Internal Switch (Start switch) Message Output

Reactor A charge end

Heating

14:05 Reactor A heating start

Annunciator message output


Message Output Functions

The message output functions for sequential controls are used to alert operators or to notify events to other applications.

Printout Logging Other functions

Printout message output (%PR) Yes Yes Printout with messages

Operator guide message output (%OG) Yes Yes Electronic sounds, display

Multi-media function start message output (%VM) No Yes Multi-media function start

Sequence message request (%RQ) No Yes Startup HIS functions

Supervisory computer message output (%M3) No No Event message output

Signal event message output (%EV) No No Output to SEBOL

SFC/SEBOL return-event message output (%RE) No No Output to SFC block


Regulatory Control Functions


PART- D Regulatory Control Functions

D-1 Regulatory Control BlocksD-2 Control DrawingD-3 ProcessingD-4 Block ModesD-5 Scan and Control Periods


Regulatory Control PositioningThe regulatory control block performs control computation processing using analog process variables and so on for the process monitoring and control.

FCS


I/O interfaces


Types of Regulatory Control Block

The regulatory control blocks vary by the types of data handled and control computation processing functions provided.

• Input indicator blocks• Controller blocks• Manual loader blocks• Signal setter blocks• Signal limiter blocks• Signal selector blocks• Signal distributor blocks• Pulse count block• Alarm block• YS blocks

Types of controllers are shown below.



Regulatory Control Block StructureThe structure of regulatory control function block PID:

OUT

SUB

AUTMAN

SET

CAS

IN

INTTSITINRL2RL1BIN

RCAS

(VN) (RLV1) (RLV2) (TSW)

(PV, ΔPV, MV, ΔMV)

RAW

CSV

RSV

PV

SV

RMV

MV

Detects an abnormalityin PV, MV and notifiesthe operation and monitoring functions.

Reads MV and outputs the result of output processing to the output terminal.

Reading a raw data from the input terminal, performs input processing to output PV.

Input processing

Control computation processing

Alarm processing

Output processing

CASAUT

MAN

ROUT

Reading PV and SV, performs control computation processing to output MV.


Function Block Creation and WiringFunction block assignment and wiring on a control drawing:

Select the function block to be assigned with a selection icon.

Create a connection between function blocks, a function block and an I/O module with a wiring Icon.

Line color by automatic wiring is magenta.

Line color by manual wiring is cyan.


Data Connection with Process I/O

There are two types of data connections with the process I/O: The data reference from a process input module and the data setting to a process output module.


Data Connection with Function Blocks

Data connection with other function blocks is an I/O connection that connects data items such as process variables (PV) and manipulated output values (MV) held in the other function blocks, to the function block’s I/O terminals.

An example of data connection with other function blocks’ data items is shown below:


Terminal Connection

In the cascade control, the terminal (OUT) of the function block in the upstream should be connected to the set terminal (SET) of the function block in the downstream.This connection is referred to as the terminal connection. The terminal connection is used in particular cases.

Signal flows bi-directionally.


Input ProcessingThe processing that performs before control computation for the input signal read from the connection destination is called “Input processing”.

Input module

Analog input square root extraction

No conversion

Pulse train input

conversion

Communication input

conversion

Digital filter

Integration SUM

PVBAD

PV/FV overshoot

Input signal conversion

Read the input signal from the process Input

module or other function blocks.

Apply the 1st order lag filter to the signal from the input signal conversion function to get PV.

The function to integrate the signal from the input

signal conversion function.

CAL

CAL

CALBAD

RAW


Input Processing (Reference)

The input processing common to regulatory control blocks and calculation blocks are as follows:

• Input signal conversion (No conversion, square root extraction, pulse train conversion, communication input conversion.)

• Digital filter

• Integration

• OV/FV/CPV overshoot

• CalibrationThe input processing of the function block can be defined with [Basic] and [Input] tabs of the function block detail definition builder.


Calibration

The calibration is the function in which the emulated signal for a process variable (PV) or a calculated output value (CPV) in the function block can be set manually by the operation and monitoring functions for maintenance or testing.

• The color of PV bar display changes to cyan.• The process variable (PV) can be set manually.• Integration continues with the process variable (PV).• The alarm check for the process variable (PV) is bypassed.• Block mode changes to manual (MAN).

Calibration setting button


Control Computation Processing

PID Control Computation

PID / PI-D / I-PD

PI / IVelocity / Positional

Algorithms Output actions

PV

SVMVΔMV

The PID control computation in the PID control function block calculates a manipulated output change (ΔMV) with the specified PID control algorithm (PID, PI-D, I-PD, PI or I). And then either velocity form or positional form output action converts the ΔMV to MV.The figure below shows a block diagram of PID control computation:


Output ProcessingOutput processing refers to the processing that is executed to the values obtained from the control computation before output it.

Output limiter ΔMV limiter

Control computation MV

TRK

Output module

MAN/TRK

RMV

MH ML

Preset MV

MVrb Output conversion

MAN

TRKROUT

Aux. output No conversion

TIN SUB OUT

AUT/CAS/RCAS/PRD AUT/CAS/RCAS/ROUT/PRD

-


Output Processing

The output processing common to the regulatory control blocks:

• Output limiter• Output velocity limiter• Output clamp• Preset manipulated output• Output tracking• Output range tracking• Manipulated output index• Output conversion (no conversion, pulse width output conversion, communication output conversion)


Alarm Processing - FCS

Alarm detection function

Alarm detection setting

Alarm inhibition(AOF)

Alarm setpoint values

Alarm acknowledgement state

Alarm status

Alarm message

Process data

Function blocks

Re-warning alarm

Acknowledgement operation

The function that detects abnormality of the process from PV, MV and other values.

The function that summarizes the results of the alarm detection function and notifies the operation and monitoring functions as a message.

Alarm notification

function


Alarm Detection Function

The following alarm detections are performed:

• Input open alarm check• Input error alarm check• Input high-high/low-low limit alarm check• Input high/low limit alarm check• Input velocity alarm check• Deviation alarm check• Output open alarm check• Output high/low-limit alarm check• Connection failure alarm check

Data item

HH, LLPH, PLVLDV

MH, ML

Alarm statusIOP, IOP-IOP, IOP-HH, LLHI, LOVEL+, VEL-DV+, DV-OOPMHI, MLOCNF

Colors of alarm status are of default.

See Supplement VI. Alarm Status.


Alarm Inhibition (Alarm OFF)

The alarm inhibition can be used to temporarily inhibit the action of process alarm messages while the alarm detection is still active.

AOF setting button


Block Mode and Status

Block mode and status are the information that represent the conditions of the function blocks.

Represent the operating state of the function blocks.

Represents the alarm state of the process.Represents the quality of the process data.

Block modeBlock status

Alarm status

Data status


Block Mode

The block mode is the information that represents the control state and the output state of a function block. The different type of function blocks have the different block modes. There are 9 basic block modes and several compound block modes.

Basic block mode:O/S, IMAN, TRK, MAN, AUT, CAS, PRD, RCAS, ROUT

Compound block mode:The state where multiple basic block modes are established at a time.e.g. AUT – IMAN

See Supplement VII. Basic Block Mode.


Basic Block Modes Relationship

O/S

IMAN

TRK

MAN, AUT, CAS, PRD

RCAS, ROUT

Complementary relationship

Exclusive relationship

Priority level

High

Low

4

3

2

1

0


Primary Direct (PRD)

PRD setting button

When the cascade connected lowstream block mode is set to PRD, calculation processing is currently stopped. The set value CSV is from the cascade connected upstream block is output to the control valve after output processing.

PRD

LIC100

FIC100

P’ry controller

S’ry controller


Scan Periods

Scan period determines a period for the periodic execution of the function block. There are three types of scan periods: basic scan,medium-speed scan and high-speed scan.

● Basic ScanThe basic scan is a standard scan period which is common to function blocks.The basic scan period is fixed to 1 second. This cannot be changed.● Medium-Speed Scan (LFCS/KFCS)The medium-speed scan is a scan period suited for the process control that requiresquicker response than what can be achieved with the basic scan setting. Setting value of the medium-speed scan can be selected by each FCS according to its use.• Medium-speed scan period: Select “200 ms” or “500 ms.” The default is “500 ms.”● High-Speed ScanThe high-speed scan is a scan period suited for the process control that requires high-speed response. Setting value of the high-speed scan can be selected by each FCS according to its use.• High-speed scan period: Select “50 ms,” “100 ms,” “200 ms” or “500 ms.” The default is “200 ms.”


Control PeriodAmong the regulatory control blocks, the controller block has a control period besides the processing period. The control period is the period that the controller block executes control computation and output processing during the automatic operation. The control period is always an integer multiple of the scan period of 1 second. Input and alarm processing are performed at each scan period.

In ‘Automatic determination’, the control period is defined in accordance with the integral time.

High- Medium-Speed Scan


Sequential Control Functions


PART-E Sequential Control Functions

E-1 Sequential Control BlocksE-2 Sequence Table BlocksE-3 Timer and Soft-counter BlockE-4 Types of Contact Output


Sequential Control Positioning

The function blocks that execute the sequential control are referred to as sequential control blocks. The positioning of the sequential control blocks is shown blow:

FCS


I/O interfaces


Types of Sequential Control

Definition of sequential control:Sequential control executes in sequence each control step following the

pre-defined conditions or orders.

The sequential control can be divided into following two types:

• Condition control (Monitoring)Monitors process status and controls according to the pre-defined conditions.

• Programmed control (Phase steps)Controls according to the pre-defined programs (phases).


Sequential Control Description

Sequence table block:The conditions and operations are arranged in the decision table format and specifies which operation is performed by the combination of conditions. This table is suitable for describing the both types of sequence.

SFC (Sequential Function Chart ) block:The SFC is a graphical programming language suitable for describing a process control sequence. It is standardized by the international standard, IEC SC65A/WG6.It is used for relatively large-scaled sequential controls and device controls. The SFC block defines the flow of an entire sequence. Each step in the SFC is described with sequence tables or SEBOL (Sequence and Batch Oriented Language).

Logic chart block:The logic chart block aligns each condition and operation, and the combination of conditions is described with logic elements to specify the operation performed. This is suitable for describing the condition control type such as an interlock sequence.


Types of Sequential Control Blocks

Sequence auxiliary blocks:Switch instrument blocks:Valve pattern monitors: (optional)

Sequence table block:The sequence table block realizes a sequential control by operating other function blocks and/or process I/O or software I/O.

SFC block:The SFC block executes the sequential control program described with SFC.

Logic chart block:The logic chart block realizes an interlock sequence with the logic chart diagram using logic elements.



Sequence Table Block (ST16)

I/O signals Total 64(fixed)

Condition signalsTotal 32 (default)

32 rules

Input connection information

Condition specification

Condition rules

Action rulesAction signalsTotal 32 (default)

Output connection information

Action specification


Sequence Table Block

Action signal

comment

Condition signal

comment

Step label

Next step label

Rule expansion destination tag name

Processing timing Scan period


Example of Sequence Description

An example of descriptions of the fundamental logic circuits, AND, OR and NOT.

%SW0200ON

AND logic circuit

OR logic circuit

C01

C32

RuleStep

(Condition signals)

YY

Y

.

.

.

A01

A32

THENELSE

(Action signals)

.

.

.

%Z011101.PV H%Z011102.PV H%SW0200.PV H

Y

YY

Y

%SW0201ON

%SW0202ON

%SW0203ON

%Z011101ON

%Z011102ON

%SW0200OFF

NOT logic circuit

%SW0200ON

N

Y

01 32. . . . . . . . . .02 03

%SW0201.PV ON%SW0202.PV ON

%SW0200.PV ON

%SW0203.PV ON


Non-step Type Sequence Table

C01

C32

A01

A32

THENELSE

RuleStep

(Condition signals)

(Action signals)

Basic operation 1:

(1) As for condition testing, in the same rule number when all conditions (Y or N) are satisfied, the condition of the rule is true.

Y%SW0201%SW0202

%SW0200Y

Y%Z011101%Z011102

N

Y

%SW0203

N

.

.

.

.

.

.

%Z011103 Y(2) Rule columns for the same rule number are all blank are considered true unconditionally.

%SW0200 and %SW0201 are ON and then %Z011101 turns ON.%SW0201 and %SW0202 are OFF and then %Z011102 turns ON.

%Z011103 turns ON unconditionally.

Non-step type sequence table tests all rules at every control period.

01 32. . . . . . . . . .02 03



Basic operation 2:

When multiple action signals exist in a condition satisfied rule, the actions are executed from top to down.

C01

C32

A01

A32

THENELSE

RuleStep

(Condition signals)

(Action signals)

Y%SW0201%SW0202

%SW0200Y

Y%Z011101%Z011102

%SW0203

.

.

.

.

.

.

%Z011103YN

Actions are executed in order of %Z011101, %Z011102, %Z011103.

01 32. . . . . . . . . .02 03


Execution and Output Timing

Execution timingA sequence table block and a logic chart block have the following four types of execution timing:

• Periodic execution (T):Repeatedly executed in a preset cycle.

• One-shot execution (O):Executed once when invoked by other function blocks.

• Initial execution/Restart execution (I):Executed when the FCS performs a cold or a restart.

• Initial execution (B):Executed when the FCS performs a restart.

Output timingA sequence table block has two types of output timing:• Output only when conditions change (C)• Output each time conditions are satisfied (E)


Output Timing

• Output only when conditions change (C):The action is executed only once when the condition is switched from false to true. However, if the non-latched output is specified for the action signal, the action changes when the condition is switched from true to false.

• Output each time conditions are satisfied (E):The action is executed each control period as long as the condition remains true.

Output only when conditions change (C)

Condition

ON

OFFCondition

ON

OFF

Output

Output each time conditions are satisfied (E)

Output

Non-latched type (L type)


Processing Timing

Execution timing and output timing can be used in combination. The table below shows the combination of timings for ST16 and ST16E.

Default

For the LC64, logic chart block, output timing (C) can not be specified.


Step Type Sequence Table

THENELSE

08RuleStep

YY

Y

C01

C32 (Condition signals)

%SW0201%SW0202

%SW0200

%SW0203

.

.

.

A01

A32 (Action signals)

%Z011101%Z011102.

.

.%Z011103

04 05

0508

Basic operation 1:

For the step type sequence table, the next execution step label must be described in the THEN/ ELSE column in order to advance the steps.

The step will not advance if both next step labels in the THEN/ ELSE are blank. The same step is executed each time.

Step label

Next step label (THEN label)

Next step label (ELSE label)

Step type sequence table tests only rules in the current step at every control period.

YY

YY

Tested rules



When the condition of the rule in step 04 is satisfied, the step advances to 05.

Basic operation 2:

The next step specified in the THEN column is the step to advance when the condition test result is true.

After all actions for the corresponding rules are executed, the step proceeds to the next step.

THENELSE

08RuleStep

YY

Y

C01


%SW0201%SW0202

%SW0200

%SW0203

.

.

.

A01


%Z011101%Z011102.

.

.%Z011103

04 05

0508

YY

YY



Basic operation 3:

The next step specified in the ELSE column is the step to advance when the condition test result is false.

When conditions for the corresponding rules are not satisfied, the step proceeds to the next step without executing the actions.

When the condition of the rule in step 04 is not satisfied, the step advances to 08.

THENELSE

08RuleStep

YY

Y

C01


%SW0201%SW0202

%SW0200

%SW0203

.

.

.

A01


%Z011101%Z011102.

.

.%Z011103

04 05

0508

YY

YY



Basic operation 4:

When a step advances to a next step, the next step is executed at the next scan period.

When a step advances, the conditions of each rule are initialized once.

The step sequence executes only a single step at each scan period.In this example, it may take 2 seconds or more to turn %Z011103 OFF, after the step 01 was executed.

C01

C32

A01

A32

THENELSE

04RuleStep

(Condition signals)

(Action signals)

Y%SW0201%SW0202

%SW0200Y

Y%Z011101%Z011102

%SW0203

.

.

.

.

.

.

03

%Z011103 NN

01 02

02 03 04



Basic operation 5:

Step label 00 is executed at each period. The step 00 can be described only at the head of a sequence table group. * 1. The step 00 cannot be described as a next step label.

* 2. The step 00 cannot be described on an extended sequence table.

The step 00 as well as the current step 03, conditions are tested. If conditions of step 00 are satisfied, actions are executed.

C01

C32

A01

A32

THENELSE

00 04

RuleStep

(Condition signals)

(Action signals)

Y%SW0201%SW0202

%SW0200Y

Y%Z011101%Z011102

%SW0203

.

.

.

.

.

.

03

%Z011103 N

YY

N

01 02

02 03 04

Current step


Timer Block (TM)

The sequence auxiliary blocks are provided such as a timer, a soft-counter and so on.

Start command

%SW0500.PV ON

TM100.BSTS CTUP

TM100.OP START

Y

Y

Y

N

An example of the timer block operation.

Timer count-up

Stop command

The timer block (TM) measures time in the unit of second or minute.

BSTS: Block statusCTUP: Count-up

OP: OperationSTART: Start/stop action

Timer start/stop

Timer start switch

%SW0500.PV H NStart switch off

Processing Timing: TC


Software Counter Block (CTS)

The software counter block (CTS) counts a number of times that the condition is satisfied.


ACT: ActionON: Update, OFF: Stop

%SW0502.PV ON

CT100.ACT ON

Y

Y

YCT100.ACT OFF

Update commandStop command

Y

Counter count-up

Counter update

Counter stop

Update switch

%SW0501.PV H N

Processing Timing: TE

An example of the soft-counter block operation.

CT100.BSTS CTUP

%SW0501.PV ONStop switch

%SW0502.PV H

Y

N


Types of Contact Output

Latched (H) type output:The latched type output holds the current output status until ON or OFF operation is executed.

The latched and non-latched type output can also be applied for internal switches, annunciator message outputs and so on.

e.g. %SW0501.PV.H



Non-latched (L) type output:The non-latched type output turns ON when logical computation result becomes true and turns OFF when becomes not true.

OFF action is not effective for the non-latched type output.

e.g. %SW0501.PV.L



Flashing (F) type output:The flashing type output starts flashing when ON operation is executed and stops flashing when OFF operation is executed. In order to turn off the current state, OFF operation as H type is required.

The flashing type output can not be applied for internal switches, annunciator message outputs and so on.

c

e.g. %Z011101.PV.F


Report Functions


PART-F Report Functions

F-1 Process Report WindowF-2 Historical Message Report Window


Process Status and Operation RecordThe windows used for confirming the process status are Process Report window and Historical Message Report window. The Process Report window displays the current status of the function blocks and input and output and the Historical Message Report window displays alarms and messages triggered in the past and the operation history.

Window call menu

Process report window call icon

Historical message report window call icon

Toolbar


Process Report WindowThe process report is to collect information on the system operating status and displays it in a window or prints to a printer depending on the user’s request. The current status will be displayed or printed.The following two types of reports are available in the Process Report window.• Tag report• I/O report

Tag report display button

Tag report search button

I/O report display button

I/O report search button


Tag ReportIn a tag report, various statuses such as the function block alarm status, mode and present value of process data are displayed for each element.

The tag report is the real time report of all tags registered in the system. Process alarm generated function blocks, function block under special block mode (AOF, CAL) and so on are confirmed.


Tag Report SearchThe tag report search is done using the Tag Report Search dialog box. Tag names of the following elements can be the object of a tag report.• Function block (%BL)• Annunciator (%AN)• Common switch (%SW)• Process I/O* (%Z)• Global switch (%GS)

There are five tabs in the Tag Report Search dialog box. It is convenient to set frequently used search conditions beforehand.

A data item name can be added to process report window for displaying the data value.

* Among the process I/O, only communication I/O with user-defined tag names can be the object of a tag report.


I/O Report

In the I/O Report, when the data is ON, “1”, and when the data is OFF, “.” (full stop) is displayed.

%SW0001 to %SW0400 are for the system use. (R3.04)

In the I/O report, the I/O status is displayed as a digital value for each element.


I/O Report Search

The station name or element type of the control station can be set as the search conditionsfor the I/O report in the I/O Report Search dialog box.

* %WB is the bit data of the communication input, while %WW is the word data input.

In the I/O report, the I/O status is displayed as a digital value for each element. An I/O report can be searched by station name or element type.The following elements can be the objects of an I/O report:• Annunciator (%AN)• Common switch (%SW)• Communication Input (%WB*)• Communication Input (%WW*)• Process I/O (%Z)


Historical Message Report WindowThe historical message report can retrieve process alarms or the operation history stored within the HIS and display or print messages related to all types of events related to the system or a process that occurred in the past.A historical message can be retrieved and displayed by specifying message type, station name and tag name.

File selection

Redraw

Search

Search pause

File save

Number of displayed messages


Historical Message Save

It is recommended to backup the historical message report as it saves important operation reports and alarm messages.Up to about 80,000 messages are saved in a HDD. If the number of messages exceeds this, the messages will be deleted starting with the oldest ones.If the total number of the messages exceeds 65,536, MS Excel limit warning dialog appears.

The messages are saved in the CSV format for easy utilization.


Historical Message Selection

The long-term data can be referred by specifying the folder where the long-term data are saved.

• File TypeWhen searching for a message that occurred at the time of system generation, select [Engineering History]; when searching for a message that occurred during operation and monitoring, select[Operation and Monitoring Message].• Directory When the historical message save file is stored in the default folder, select [Standard]; when the file is stored in a folder other than the standard, select [Specify Directory].


Historical Message Search

With five tabs, the following items can be specified:• Period specified by date• Specifying message type• Specifying message occurrence source• Specifying user name• Specifying arbitral character

Each of the search conditions is set in the Search dialog box.In the Report Search dialog box, there are five tabs to set up search conditions. Select the tab to set for each search item.

See Supplement VIII. Historical Message Search.


System Maintenance Functions


PART-G System Maintenance Functions

G-1 System Status Display WindowG-2 System Alarm WindowG-3 Adjust Time Dialog BoxG-4 HIS Setup Window


System Maintenance FunctionsThe windows displaying the online system status and the system alarm status and so on are provided with operation environment to support system maintenance.


System Status Overview Window

System alarm window button

The System Status Overview window displays the status of all stations and the communication buses in the V net comprising the system. The status of the connected stations and the V net may be visually confirmed by icon displays. Also, other system maintenance windows may be called up from this window.

HIS setup button

FCS0101 normal

FCS0102 communication error

V-net 2 error

V-net 1 normal

HIS0123 normal

Present station display(White background color)


FCS Status Display Window

The FCS status display window can be called up with the FCS icon.

FCS0101 status display window

The FCS Status Display window shows control station information,hardware configuration and status. In addition, the displayed control station can be started or stopped from this window, and items defined by the builders can be downloaded to the control station.


FCS Status Display WindowIcons for SFCS status display window.

FCS report

IOM download

FCS start

FCS stop

Tuning parameter save


System Alarm WindowThe System Alarm window displays system alarm messages to notify the user of system hardware (FCS down, card error etc.) in the order with the most recent ones first. When an alarm occurs, the alarm starts to buzz, and the button in the System Message window and the LED for the system key on the operation keyboard begin to flash.

System status overview display

Updating retained for 5 seconds

Filter dialog

System alarm overview


Adjust Time Dialog Box

Adjust Time dialog box sets and changes the date and time of system in the domain.The date and time set in the dialog box are applied to the machines shown below.• All the control stations in the same domain• All HIS in the same domain


HIS Setup Window

● Station● Printer● Buzzer● Display● Window switching● Control bus ● Alarm● Preset menu● Equalize● Function Keys

● Operation mark● Multimedia● Long term● External recorder● OPC● Report● Monitors● Process management● Navigator

Some of the tab sheets may not be displayed according to the installed package.The tab sheets with are explained. See Supplement IX. HIS Setup Window.

The HIS Setup window is used for displaying and changing the current station’s information and operation settings.The HIS Setup window can perform settings specific to the HIS such as the operation and monitoring window display size setting, printer setup and operation panel mode setting.The tabs provided for each setting item are:


Display Tab Sheet

Operation screen mode switching

Settings such as the operation screen mode and toolbar button size are displayed in the Display tab. The contents of the settings can also be changed.

Font name and size switching


Window Switching Tab SheetIn the Window Switching tab, the display size of the operation and monitoring windows called up from the System Message window, whether automatic window switching is enabled at the time a process alarm or an operator guide message is generated, etc., are displayed. The setup items can also be changed.

Window switching setup

Dynamic window setup


Preset Menu Tab SheetIn the HIS, there is a function that allows frequently used functions to be called up easily.By presetting the functions to be called in the Preset Menu tab, they can be called up from the System Message window.Up to 32 functions can be set.

Overview of defined preset menu and defining functions


Function Keys Tab SheetThe function key assignments defined in the Function Key Assignment Builder are displayed in the Function Keys tab. Also, the function key assignment can be defined temporarily.

The function of the function keys can be changed temporarily.

(If the function key definition file is downloaded, that file replaces the current file.)

See Supplement XI. Function Key Function Assignment.


Operation Mark Tab SheetThe operation marks which are defined in the Operation Mark Builder are displayed in the Operation Mark tab. Also, the label comment color of the operation mark may be defined temporarily, as well.

Color and labels can be changed temporarily.

(If the operation mark definition file is downloaded, that file replaces the current file.)


Security Policy


PART-H Security Policy

H-1. Security OverviewH-2. HIS SecurityH-3. User SecurityH-4. User GroupH-5. Window AuthoritiesH-6. Mode Selection KeyH-7. Function Block SecurityH-8. Operation Mark


Security Overview (1)

In the CS 1000/CS 3000 security policy, “operation and monitoring” is defined as follows:

• OperationSetting data to function blocks, changing function block status and other operations.

• MonitoringDisplaying function block data, acknowledgment of received messages and alarms or calling up windows.

The security policy is set to prevent illegal operations and other problems and ensuring the safety of the system.The security policy restricts the scope of operation and monitoring permitted for an operator, and masks certain alarms of which the operator need not be notified.


Security Overview (2)

General-purpose Windows applications follow the security policy of Windows. The user of CENTUM is different from the user of Windows.

The following two types of policies are available in CS 1000/CS 3000.• HIS Security PolicyHIS security policy stipulates the scope of operation and monitoring allowed on the Human Interface Station. Regardless of the logon users, the operation performed to a device or to a function block data item may be restricted.

• User Security PolicyUser security policy stipulates the scope of operation and monitoring for the users.Each user is restricted to operate or monitor a certain scope of devices and function block data items.

The scope of operation and monitoring permitted for an operator is determined by a combination of HIS security and user securitysettings.


Flow of Security Check

HIS operation

HIS security check


check for the HIS

User security check

• Window operation and monitoring• Function block operation and monitoring Operation record

OperationHistory

Security check

Operation


check for a user group

Privilege levels of operation and monitoring check

for a user


HIS Security

The security level setting means to select either monitoring only machine or monitoring and operation machine (default).

The security level regarding operation and monitoring as well as the operation and monitoring scope can be set for the HIS itself. The HIS security check has a precedence over the user security check. The operation and monitoring scope of the HIS is unrelated with the operation and monitoring scope set for each user group.


User Security

User name: User recognitionPassword: User identificationUser group: Monitoring and operation scopePrivilege level: Monitoring and operation authority

The operations performed by the user are held as the operation record. The operation record can be confirmed by the historical message report.

The operators performing the operation and monitoring functions are classified based on their privilege level (authority). This classification is called user.

The following attributes are assigned to each user:


User Privilege Levels

*1 Maintenance means the engineering work such as initiation of the builder.

The users’ operation and monitoring rights on HIS are defined according to privilege levels.For each window, operation and monitoring rights can be defined. Whether the user with a certain privilege level is permitted to operate the specified data item can also be defined. The following default privilege levels are available (security level 4).

See Supplement X. Function Block Security.


Default User Names

The HIS offers the following default user names.The privilege level of the user who accesses from the User-in Dialog becomes valid when the mode selection key position of the operation keyboard is OFF.

*1: When the user group for OFFUSER is changed to NONEGRP and the HIS is started, the operation and monitoring will be disabled.*2: User cannot user-in as PROG.

Password is not required for OFFUSER but required for ONUSER and ENGUSER, the password is user definable. The user group can be changed for any user.


Switching UsersIn the HIS, switching the OFFUSER to a different user is called user-in, and the user switching back to the OFFUSER is called user-out.To perform user-in or user-out, call up the User-In dialog box from the System Message window and enter a user name and the password.

Change password button

OFFUSER

USER A USER B

User-in operationUser-out operation

User–in at HIS startup

When an automatic user out-time is defined, the user automatically changes to the OFFUSER when the automatic user-out time elapsed.


User Group

The following attributes are assigned to each user group:

• User group name: User group recognition• Monitoring scope: Monitoring range• Operation and monitoring scope: Operation and monitoring range• Windows scope: Window names for operation and monitoring• Acknowledgement: Acknowledgment range • Process message receiving: Monitoring range of the generated messages

The range is set by the plant name. If the plant name is not used, set by the station name and the control drawing.

The users are classified into groups based on their operation and monitoring scopes. This classification is called user group.


Default User Group

The following built-in default user groups are managed by CS 1000/CS 3000 security policy.

The user group name may be defined on the Security Builder.


Concepts of Scope and Privilege

Operation & monitoring scope of users, OPS*-A in Group-AB using HIS0124 and their privileges.

Operation & monitoring scope of HIS0124.

EquipmentA

Users in Group-AB:OPS1-A: OPS2-A: OPS3-A:

Whole Plant

EquipmentB

EquipmentC

EquipmentD

EquipmentE

Operation & monitoring scope of user Group-AB.

MonitoringOperation and monitoringOperation, monitoring and maintenance


Window Authorities

The table below shows operation and monitoring authorities on windows, indicating which user can perform operation and monitoring using which types of windows:

• Users of privilege level S1 or S2 cannot start System View from the system message window, but can start and operate System View from [Start Menu].• Users of privilege level S1 can operate and monitor general windows. However, they can only monitor important windows and system operation windows excluding System View.• Users of privilege level S2 can operate and monitor general and important windows. However, they can only monitor system operation windows excluding System View.• Users of privilege level S3 can operate and monitor all windows.


Function Block Security

The attributes of function blocks contain security levels, tag mark types and alarm processing levels. The attributes can be defined to each function block in engineering. There is no restriction on the combination of security levels, tag mark types and alarm processing levels.

The tables on operation and monitoring authority are fixed and cannot be edited.

The tables below show the relationship of the function block’s data items and the privilege levels in operation and monitoring rights.

R: Monitoring W: Operation


Function Block Security

The operation and monitoring authorities for three different function security levels are shown below:

Level 2

Level 6

Level 4(Default)


Mode Selection Key

In the case of the operation key When the engineering key is selected.Changes between The key can be switched

the ON, OFF positions. to any position.

The following two mode selection keys are used to switch the security level:

When the HIS is connected with an operation keyboard, the privilege level of the user may be changed temporarily using the mode selection key on the keyboard. The privilege level changed on the keyboard has higher priority than the level set in the user-in dialog box.

• Operation key (Privilege level S2)The key can be switched between the ON and OFF positions only.• Engineering key (Privilege level S3)The key can be switched to any position.


Operation Mark

To attach or remove an operation mark on a function block may temporarily enable or disable the operation restriction on the instrument faceplate. When an operation mark is attached to a function block, a comment label can be added to the function block or the operation authorities on the function block can be changed temporarily during plant operation. When the operation mark is removed, operation authorities return to the original setting.Operation marks have the following attributes:

• Operation mark type• Color• Comment label• Attachment/removal attribute

INHIBITColor and comment label may be defined with HIS Setup function. If the builder file is downloaded, that file replaces the current file.


Types of Operation Marks

The security levels exerted by operation marks and the types of operation marks are displayed as follows.

Not used in default.


Install or Remove Operation Mark

The unauthorized user is prohibited to install / remove the operation mark. The setting of installing/removing is performed in Operation Mark Builder.

The relationship between user’s privilege level and the operation rights on installing/removing mark authority is shown below:


FCS Common


PART-A

FCS Common


FCS Common

Reference: IM33S01B30-01EField Control Station PART-A FCS Common

CS1000/3000 Engineering Course TextbookPART-A FCS Common

A1. FCS Basic DefinitionA2. FCS Function OverviewA3. I/O Functions of FCS

A3.1. Process I/OA3.2. Software I/O


FCS Basic Definitions


PART-A 1

FCS Basic Definition


FCS Property

Station type definition:Select the FCS station type for use from the station type list.

On the creation of FCS, define FCS type, station number, database type and so on with the property window.

Station number

See GS and IM for details of FCS types.


FCS Property

The database type define window.

Database type definition:Select usable database type for the FCS station type.

The selectable database types vary with the station type.


FCS Database Types

Examples of usable number of function blocks and elements for the database types:

Database type (LFCS)

General purpose

Regulatory monitoring

Sequence monitoring

Sequential control

Regulatory control / calculation blocks 700 2000 300 400

Sequence blocks 450 200 200 600

Switch instruments 450 450 2000 1000

See Supplement III. FCS Database Types.


FCS Property

The high speed scan periods and the network protocols are defined by FCS property dialog.

Scan period setting for the high speed scan. (Common for function blocks)

Control network protocolUse default settings. No change is allowed.


FCS ConstantsDetailed definitions of the FCS can be set with the StnDef (FCS constants builder) file in the CONFIGURATION folder.

FCS constants builder defines wind-up time (a preparatory processing for organizing time-series data), repeated warning alarm period and so on.


FCS Constants

The window that defines the FCS start conditions.

Selection of the start conditions and setting of detection time for the momentary power failure. (effective only for TIME start condition.)

FCS constants cannot be online downloaded.


FCS Start Conditions

Start condition Start operation

MAN (Initialized start)

Initialized start

TIME (Restart at momentary power failure)

Prolonged power failure

Momentary power failure

Restart

AUTO (Restart)

When FCS starts at the time of power recovery after the power failure, the condition either initialized start or restart is referred to as the start condition.

Three selectable conditions are available:

(Momentary power failure detection time < Power failure time)

(Momentary power failure detection time > Power failure time)


Flow of FCS Start

RestartInitialized start




FCS Start Processing

Initialized Start Restart

System initialization processing System initialization processing

User defined initialization processing*

Finish the discontinued function block processing by power failure

Wind-up operation** User defined initialization processing



Two types of start processing:

* User definition initialization processing: The processing timing of initialization start (B) or initialization start and restart (I) that is specified on sequential control blocks.

** Wind-up operation: Windup operation is a preparatory processing for organizing time-series data that are required for control operations.


FCS Function Overview


PART-A 2

FCS Function Overview


Configuration of FCS FunctionsFCS control functions consist of the basic control functions, the software I/O functions and I/O interface functions. The basic control functions have various function blocks that perform control computations. The I/O interfaces include the process I/O and other interface functions.

FCS


I/O interfaces


The function blocks, which are the minimum elements consisting the basic control function, and the control drawings, which connect multiple function blocks, configure the FCS control functions hierarchically.

Function block

TIC100

PIDControl drawing

Function Block and Control Drawing


Function BlockFunction block:The function block is the minimum element that executes control computations.Regulatory control blocks, sequential control blocks, computation blocks, SFC blocks are the function blocks. The control functions can be described like an instrumentation flow sheet by connecting regulatory control, sequential control and computation blocks.Every function block should have a tag name and be stated on a control drawing.

Function blocks(Regulatory control, Computation, Sequential control)

FIC100

PID

ST22-A

ST16

TIM201

TM

CU201

CALCU

TI100

PVI


Control Drawing

Control drawing:

A unit of control consists of more than one function block is referred to as a control drawing.The control drawing builder is used to configure the basic functions of the FCS. With the builder, operations such as registering function blocks in the drawing file and determining the flow of data between function blocks can be performed graphically.

No. of drawings: 50 for CS1000 and 200 for CS3000.

Status display for control drawing:When a control drawing is created and saved, the display indicating the status of the control drawing files can be set. The status display can be edited with the status display builder.


Control Drawing

Regulatory control blocks

Sequential control blocks

Calculation blocks

FCS

Control drawing

Regulatory control functions

Calculation functions

Sequential control functions

CS1000/CS3000The features of the control drawing are as follows:

1) A single control drawing can include different types of function blocks, like regulatory control blocks and sequential control blocks.

2) No restrictions of signal transmission between control drawings. A function block can be connected to the function block on another control drawing.


Control Drawing

No restrictions of signal transmission between the control drawings.

FCS0101

AREAIN block connection

FCS0102

AREAOUT block connectionDR0012

DR0001 DR0002 DR0025 DR0050

DR0013


Control DrawingIn order to add or edit function blocks, click on the control drawing file (DRnnnn) in the FUNCTION_BLOCK folder.

Control drawing

To edit a status display, click on the DISPLAY folder and then the control drawing.


I/O Functions of FCS (Process I/O)


PART-A 3

I/O Functions of FCSA3.1. Process I/O


FCS

I/O Functions of FCS

The software I/O is the virtual I/O realized by the FCS software. Data setting or data reference to or from other function blocks or applications is possible.

The I/O interfaces can handle not only process I/O but also sub-system I/O as PLC and fieldbus I/O.


I/O interfaces


Process I/O

See IM33S01B30-01E PART-A FCS Common, A3 Process Inputs/Outputs.

By combining the I/O module with a barrier, an intrinsically safe loop can be constructed.

The process I/Os are shown below:

Analog input:Current input, voltage input, mV input, TC input, RTD input, potentiometer input, pulse train input.

Analog output:Current output, voltage output.

Contact input:Contact ON/OFF input signals from field devices to the FCS. Two types of signals exist; status signals and push button signals.

Contact output:Contact ON/OFF output signals from the FCS to field devices.(The status output signals of a status type I/O module can be manipulated in the following styles:Latched type, non-latched type, pulse type and flashing type output.)


Types of Contact OutputLatched (H) type output:The latched type output holds the current output status until ON or OFF operation is executed.

The latched and non-latched type output can also be applied for internal switches, annunciator message outputs and so on.


Types of Contact OutputNon-latched (L) type output:The non-latched type output turns ON when logical computation result becomes true and turns OFF when becomes not true.

OFF action is not effective for the non-latched type output.



Pulse (P) type output:The pulse type output turns ON for only one scan cycle when logical computation result becomes true. After one scan cycle, it turns OFF.

OFF action is not effective for the pulse type output.


Types of Contact OutputFlashing (F) type output:The flashing type output starts flashing when ON operation is executed and stops flashing when OFF operation is executed. In order to turn off the current state, OFF operation as H type is required.

The flashing type output can not be applied for internal switches, annunciator message outputs and so on.

c


I/O Module Definition

The necessary process I/O modules are installed to the FCS. Types and installation positions the of the installed I/O modules should be defined before using the I/O modules.

See IM33S01B30-01E PART-F Engineering, F1.5 Creating New IOM.

The types of the I/O modules can be used may differ on the FCS station types and I/O bus types.

When the FCS consists of multiple nodes, create the node that installs the I/O modules before creating the I/O modules.



Select IOM creation.

“Create New” function of IOM folder in the FCS folder may be used to create or add the I/O modules installed to the FCS (an example for SFCS).

Selection of the module to be created or added.


Select the type of module nest from the list.


I/O module definition dialog (an example for SFCS).

Unit installation position

Slot installation position

Select the type of I/O module from the list.



For each I/O module in the analog I/O nest, definitions of input signal type, signal conversion, range and so on are required.

For each contact I/O module terminal, definitions of tag name, switch position label, button color and so on are required.



IOP detection

Square-root extraction

Detailed setting items related to the hardware for each I/O module can be defined with ‘Set details’ dialog on the ‘Tool’ tab.(IOP detection, OOP detection, square root extraction and so on.)

See IM33S01B30-01E PART-A FCS Common, A3 Process Inputs/Outputs.


Terminal Number of Process I/O

Format of process I/O terminal number (RIO FCS)%Znnuscc

Terminal (01 to 32)Slot (1 to 4)Unit (1 to 5)Node number (01 to 16)


See IM33S01B30-01E PART-A FCS Common, A2 Outline of Input and Output Interfaces.

It is required to specify the process I/O terminal number to connect the process I/O to a process I/O function block (PIO).

Process input module

Format of process I/O terminal number (FIO FCS)%Znnuscc

Terminal (01 to 64)1 fixed (Segment Nos. 1 to 4: Communication modules.)Slot (1 to 8)Node number (01 to 10)


Terminal Number of Process I/O

The meaning of the parameter nnuscc indicating the installation position differs on the types of the FCS:

• RIO bus (RIO system) LFCS (SFCS, PFCS inclusive)• ESB bus (FIO system) KFCS

The FCS builder is common for all types of FCS. The differences lie only on IOM installation specifications and the process I/O terminal specifications. Other specifications are independent to the hardware. Not necessary to consider the type of FCS in engineering.



I/O Functions of FCS (Software I/O)


PART-A 3

I/O Functions of FCSA3.2. Software I/O



I/O interfaces

Roles of Software I/O

The software I/O may be used for operation tests and for status operations in the sequential control.


Software I/O

Types of software I/O:

• Internal switch:The internal switches exchange logical values between function blocks or applications.

• Message output:The message that transmits the occurrence of events.

The software I/O enables data setting or data reference to or from other function blocks or applications same as in the process I/O.


Examples of Using Software I/O

Heating start

TIC101

PID

FIC101

PID

Sequence operations like SV setting, block mode switching in a regulatory control.

An internal switch latched output for the graphic display modify.

Operator guide message output

Internal switch (Start switch) Message Output

Reactor A charge end

Heating

14:05 Reactor A heating start

Annunciator message output


Data Formats of Software I/O

The table below shows data formats of the software I/O:

See IM33S01B30-01E PART-A FCS Common, A4 Software Inputs/Outputs.

As the status is saved in the FCS as bit data, they can be used for condition signals (input) in the sequential control.


Software I/O Output Destination

The table below shows the output destinations of the software I/O:

: Message outputs often used.


Internal SwitchesThe internal switch (Global switches and Common switches) definition files are in the SWITCH folder in the FCS folder. Define them before use.

Common switch definition files

Global switch definition file


Common Switches (%SW)

The common switches are one of internal switches shared by various control functions in the FCS to hold logical values. The common switches do not output the logical values. The control functions execute condition testing or status manipulation of the switches.

Condition testing%SWnnnn.PV ON/OFF nnnn: Element number

Status manipulation%SWnnnn.PV H/L H = Latched output

L = Non-latched output

For CS1000: %SW0201 - %SW1000 for user’s use.For CS3000: %SW0401 - %SW4000 for user’s use


Common Switches for System

The common switches for the system use are the common switches from %SW0001 to %SW0400 exclusively used for the system. Users, however, can refer their status.

The system use common switches from %SW0001 to %SW0007 are used to distinguish the start conditions of the FCS. The users can refer the switches as the condition testing for the initialization of the sequential control.

For CS1000 and CS3000 up to R 3.03: Up to %SW0200.

See IM33S01B30-01E PART-A FCS Common, A4.1 Common Switch.


Global Switches (%GS)

The global switches share the same logical values between all stations in a system (same domain).

Any applications in the station can read and write the global switch status of the own station.

FCSStation2（R）

FCSStation１（R/W）

FCSStation2（R/W）

FCSStation１（R）

FCS01 FCS02

V net

Link transmission

R: Read enabled

Only CS3000 and CS1000 enhanced type can use the global switches.

W: Write enabled


Using Global Switches

The global switches can be effectively used for sending signals to or referring the status of control equipment in other control stations.

FCS01Boiler control

FCS02Equipment 1A

control

Global switches of FCS02

Setting

Reference

Reference

Global switches of FCS01

Request to start sub-boiler

Sub-boiler operating

Sub-boiler abnormal

Setting

Setting

Reference


Scan Transmission Definition

To transfer or receive the values of global switches between stations, define scan transmission with the FCS constants definition builder. (Default setting is no transmission.)

Transmission for individual station.

Buffer size setting (32 bytes fixed).

FCS constants definition window

Buffer size setting on stations to transmit (32 bytes fixed).


Global Switches

The formats for condition testing and status manipulation of the global switches are shown below: (Station number for the status manipulation is omitted as the manipulation is only possible for the own station.)

Condition testing%GSnnnmm.PV ON/OFFnnn: Element number (001 – 256)mm: Station number (can be omitted for the own station)

Status manipulation%GSnnn.PV H/L H = Latched output



Message OutputsThe definition files of the message outputs (annunciator messages, operator guide messages and so on) are in MESSAGE folder in the FCS folder. Define them before use.

Operator guide message definition file

Annunciator message definition file


Annunciator Messages (%AN)

The annunciator messages (%AN) realize the function of an annunciator panel on the instrumentation panel by the software. Different from other messages, the annunciator messages hold the status for the alarm occurrence as the logical values.

Condition testing%ANnnnn.PV ON/OFF nnnn: Element number

Status manipulation%ANnnnn.PV H/L H = Latched output


CS1000: %AN0001 to %AN0200 are available.CS3000: %AN0001 to %AN1000 are available


Annunciator Message (%AN)

The alarm processing levels can be defined for each annunciator message. The relations between the alarm processing levels and the alarm state transitions are as follows:

• High-priority alarm: Lock type, Repeated warning alarm provided• Medium-priority alarm: Lock type• Low-priority alarm: Non-lock type• Logging alarm: Self-acknowledge type

Alarm processing level setting


Annunciator Message (%AN)The occurrence of an annunciator message is shown below:


Annunciator Message

Alarm priority levels and state transitions of the annunciator message. Occurrence

Recovery Occurrence

Acknowledgement

Recovery

Re-warning

Lock type (High and medium-priority alarms)

Alarm absent state

Flashing OFF

Alarm absent state

Flashing ON

Alarm present state

Flashing OFF

Alarm present state

Flashing ON

Acknowledgement


Annunciator Message

Alarm priority levels and state transitions of the annunciator message. Occurrence

Re-warning

Acknowledgement

Recovery

Non-lock type (Low-priority alarm)

Recovery

Alarm absent state

Flashing OFF

Alarm present state

Flashing OFF

Alarm present state

Flashing ON


Annunciator Message

Alarm priority levels and state transitions of the annunciator message.

Self-acknowledgement type (Logging alarm)

Recovery

Alarm absent state

Flashing OFF

Alarm present state

Flashing OFF

Occurrence


Re-warning Alarm

The re-warning alarm function for the annunciator message output is provided to output the message again if the alarm condition continues existing over the set period (time-repeated warning) regardless of the operator’s acknowledgement.

Re-warning alarm cycle setting in FCS constants definition file. The two types of the re-warning functions are available:

• Timer-repeated warning:Time repeated warnings are forhigh-priority alarm.

• Event-repeated warning:Event repeated warnings canbe applied regardless of the alarm priority. Re-warning alarm cycle: 0 to 3600 seconds.

Default setting is 600 seconds.

See IM33S01B30-01E PART-A FCS Common, A4.3 Annunciator Message Output.


Re-warning Alarm• Timer repeated warning:

The timer repeated warning function outputs the message ateach repeated warning cycle.



Acknowledgment


Operator Guide Message (%OG)

• Specification:%OGnnnn.PV NON nnnn: Element number

%OG0001 to 0100 for CS1000%OG0001 to 0200 for CS3000

• Designations:Display on the operator guide window.Generation of an electronic sound. Flashing of the operator guide mark in the operator guidewindow.Output to a printer.Logging into a file.

The operator guide message outputs alert the operators via the operator guide window in real time.

See IM33S01B30-01E PART-A FCS Common, A4.4 Sequence Message.


Operator Guide Message (%OG)The occurrence of an operator guide message is shown below:


Message Output Functions

See IM33S01B30-01E PART-A FCS Common, A4.4 Sequence Message.

The message output functions for sequential controls are used to alert operators or to notify events to other applications.

Printout Logging Other functions

Printout message output (%PR) Yes Yes Printout with messages

Operator guide message output (%OG) Yes Yes Electronic sounds, display

Multi-media function start message output (%VM) No Yes Multi-media function start

Sequence message request (%RQ) No Yes Startup HIS functions

Supervisory computer message output (%M3) No No Event message output

Signal event message output (%EV) No No Output to SEBOL

SFC/SEBOL return-event message output (%RE) No No Output to SFC block


Function Blocks


PART-B

Function Blocks


Function Blocks

B1. Structure of Function BlocksB2. I/O ConnectionB3. Input ProcessingB4. Control Computation ProcessingB5. Output ProcessingB6. Alarm Processing – FCSB7. Block Mode and StatusB8. Processing Timing

CS1000/3000 Engineering Course TextbookPART-B Function Blocks

Reference: IM33S01B30-01EPART-C Function Block Common


Structure of Function Blocks


PART-B 1Structure of Function Blocks


Structure of Function BlocksThe structure of regulatory control function block PID:

OUT

SUB

AUTMAN

SET

CAS

IN

INTTSITINRL2RL1BIN

RCAS



RAW

CSV

RSV

PV

SV

RMV

MV




Input processing


Alarm processing

Output processing

CASAUT

MAN

ROUT



Function Block Creation and Wiring

An example of a function block creation and wiring on a control drawing:

Select the function block to be added with a selection icon.

Create a connection between function blocks, a function block and I/O with a wiring Icon.

Line color by automatic wiring is magenta.

Line color by manual wiring is cyan.


I/O Connection


PART-B 2I/O Connection


I/O Connection

By performing the I/O connections, data can be exchanged between a function block and the connection destination according to the connection method.

Terminal connection

Data connection

Sequence connection

Data reference, data setting.

Connection between regulatory control block terminals.

Condition testing, status manipulation.

The three types of connections are available:


Data Connection

The data connection can exchange data values and data status between a data item and a connected destination of specified elements.

Data setting

Data reference Data reference is a type of data connection that reads data from a connected destination to the input terminal of a function block.In the data reference, multiple function blocks can refer a single connected destination data.

Data setting is a type of data connection that writes data to the connected destination from an output terminal of a function block.In the data setting to a process output, one to one correspondence between the output terminal and the process output is required.

Not necessary to specify the data connection type in engineering.


Data Connection Destinations

In the data connection, the following five types of connection destinations for the I/O terminal of function blocks are provided.

• Data connection to process I/O => I/O modules.

• Data connection to software I/O => Annunciator etc.

• Data connection to communication I/O => Sub-system communication module.

• Data connection to fieldbus I/O => Fieldbus communication module.

• Data connection to other function bocks => Data items of other function blocks.


Data Connection with Process I/O

There are two types of data connections with the process I/O: The data reference from a process input module and the data setting to a process output module.


Data Connection with Function Blocks

Data connection with other function blocks is an I/O connection that connects data items such as process variables (PV) and manipulated output values (MV) held in the other function blocks, to the function block’s I/O terminals.

An example of data connection with other function blocks’ data items is shown below:

I/O Connection Information:Element symbol name.data item name• Element symbol name: A tag name, label name, element number or terminal number that identifies the connection destination.• Data item name: PV, RV, MV, etc.


Terminal ConnectionThe terminal connection specifies an input or an output terminal of another function block as the connection destination of the function block. Examples often used are shown below:

Connection via transfer switch block

Connection between function blocks

Either input terminals or output terminals of SW-33 and SW-91 should be connected in the way of the terminal connection.

In the cascade control, the terminal (OUT) of the function block in the upstream is connected to the set terminal (SET) or the input terminal (IN, Inn) terminal of the function block in the downstream.

In case of the terminal connection, signals may flow bi-directionally.


Terminal Connection

In the cascade control, the terminal (OUT) of the function block in the upstream is connected to the set terminal (SET) of the function block in the downstream.

Signal flows bi-directionally.

I/O Connection Information:Element symbol name.I/O terminal name• Element symbol name: A tag name identifies the connection destination.• I/O terminal name: IN, OUT, SET, etc.


Terminal and Data Connection

In the SW-33 or SW-91 block, it is possible to mix two methods; reading data by the terminal connection and by the data connection.

Whatever the switch block is used or not, the connection between two function blocks (PID and AS-H) should be the terminal connection.


Sequence Connection

The sequence connection is used for the condition testing of input signals or the status manipulation of output elements with the function block.

In the sequential control, the processing done on reading data from the connection destination is referred to as [Condition testing], the processing done on writing data into the connection destination is referred to as [Status manipulation].

The connecting information is described as below:

Element symbol name.Data item name.Condition specificationElement symbol name.Data item name.Action specification

An example: FIC100.MODE.AUT


Connection between Drawings/Stations

PID

ADLFunction block

IN OUT PIDIN OUT

SET

FCS0101 FCS0102

Inter-station connection block

A data item or an I/O terminal of the function block in a control drawing can be connected to the I/O terminal or a data item of the function block in another control drawing or control station.

Function block

Terminal connection

The following diagram shows an example of cascade control using the connection between control stations (FCS).

Control bus (V net)


Connection between Drawings

DR0021 DR0022

LDLAG block

LDLAGFF100

FIC100.SET

INPID

TIC200

AREAIN block

VN

Data setting

Data reference

PID block

PVIFI100

PVI block

PVFI100.PV

SETPID

FIC100

OUT

AREAIN block

Terminal connection

The AREAIN block enables the connections between control drawings.

PID block

OUT TIC200.VNAREAIN block

IN


Data Connection between StationsThe AREAOUT block enables the connections between control stations. The inter-station connection block (ADL) is automatically generated.FCS0101 FCS0102

LDLAG block

LDLAGFF100

FIC100.SET

INPID

TIC200

VN

Data setting

Data reference

PID block

PVIFI100

PVI block

PVFI100.PV

SETPID

FIC100

OUT

Terminal connection

PID block

OUT TIC200.VN

IN

AREAOUT block(ADL)

AREAOUT block(ADL)

AREAOUT block(ADL)


Input Processing


PART-B 3Input Processing


Input ProcessingThe processing that performs before control computation for the input signal read from the connection destination is called “Input processing”.

Input module

Analog input square root extraction

No conversion

Pulse train input

conversion

Communication input

conversion

Digital filter

Integration SUM

PVBAD

PV/FV overshoot

Input signal conversion

Read the input signal from the process Input

module or other function blocks.

Apply the 1st order lag filter to the signal from the input signal conversion function to get PV.

The function to integrate the signal from the input

signal conversion function.

CAL

CAL

CALBAD

RAW


Overview of Input Processing

The input processing common to regulatory control blocks and calculation blocks are as follows:• Input signal conversion (No conversion, square root extraction, pulse train conversion, communication input conversion and so on.)

• Digital filter

• Integration

• OV/FV/CPV overshoot

• Calibration

The input processing of the function block can be defined with [Basic] and [Input] tabs of the function block detail definition builder.

See IM33S01B30-01E PART-C Function Block Common, C3 Input Processing.


Input Signal Conversion

No conversion:Input signal conversion is not performed with “No conversion”. The raw data, however, read from current/voltage input modules into the IN terminal (0 to 100% data) are converted to the form of engineering data with high/low scaling specified for the PV. The raw data read from TC/RTD input modules into the IN terminal (engineering data) are not converted.

Input signal no conversion.LINEAR is specified. (default)


Analog Input Square Root Extraction

When a differential pressure transmitter is used, in order to convert from the analog input signal (differential pressure signal) into the signal of the flow (flow signal), the square root extraction is performed.

This function changes the value after the square root extraction to zero when the input signal is below low input cut-off value. It improves the accuracy at very low flow rate.

For the square root extraction, low input cut-off value can be set.


Square Root Extraction

When the square root extraction is used, care must be taken to avoid duplicated definition.

Input module

The function block input processing has a square root extraction function.

There transmitters that have a square root extraction function.

FIC100

PIDFunction block

Input module

Transmitter

The function block input module has a square root extraction function.


Pulse-Train Input Conversion

Pulse Rate (P-rate) refers to the input pulse frequency measured when the PV is at the scale high limit.

See Supplement IV. Pulse Train Input Conversion.

A process variable (PV) is calculated based on the integrated pulse count value (P) read from the pulse-train input and its measurement time (t).

For the pulse-train input, a pulse rate (default is 1 Hz) and an input buffer size (default is AUT) must be specified.


Communication input conversion performs [Data conversion]and [High/low-limit check] for the input data read from the communication module.

Data conversion:With the communication input, the raw input data read from the input terminal may be in the specific format. The data need to be converted into process variable (PV) with the engineering unit.

M=GAIN·N+BIASM: PVN: Communication inputGAIN: Conversion gain

(default is 1.000)BIAS: Conversion bias

(default is 0.000)

High/low-limit check:In order to induce the input open alarm status in the function block, the high/low-limit check is performed.

Communication Input Conversion


Digital FilterThe digital filter is the function to reduce the noises from the process input signal by means of the first-order lag filter. Three coefficients are provided: Coefficient 1, 2 and 3.

α= 0.5(default setting)

Yn=(1-α)·X+ α·Yn-1 Yn = Current filtering dataYn-1 = Previous filtering dataX = Input dataα = Filter coefficient

Filter coefficient (α) and Time constant (T*)

*T: Unit is second and scan period is 1 second.

00.50.750.875

1

0137∞

When IN terminal is connected to I/O module, coefficient 1 is used.

Coefficient 1Coefficient 2Coefficient 3


IntegrationIntegration refers to the function in which the input signal or the value after the input processing is integrated.

• The integration performs integration processing for the calculated value before the digital filtering. • In the calibration mode (CAL), the PV value is integrated. • The time scale is selected from second, minute, hour or day.• The maximum number of totalized digits is 8. When the totalized digits exceed 8, the totalized values are reset to zero and integration continues.

For the integration, the low-input cut value can be specified.


PV/FV/CPV Overshoot

The PV overshoot refers to the function block in which the process variable (PV) is coincided with the scale high-limit (SH) or the scale low-limit (SL) when the data status is invalid (BAD).(PV/CPV overshoot functions when the I/O connection method is the process connection. FV overshoot functions only for the motor control function blocks.)

Reason for invalidity (BAD) and overshoot value.

The default setting is “Holding PV”.“Overshoot PV” is also selectable.

With “Holding PV,” when the data status of process variable (PV) becomes invalid, the last good process variable is held.

See IM33S01B30-01E PART-C Function Block Common, C5 Alarm Processing - FCS.


Calibration

The calibration is the function in which the emulated signal for a process variable (PV) or a calculated output value (CPV) in the function block can be set manually by the operation and monitoring functions for maintenance or testing.

• The color of PV bar display changes to cyan.• The process variable can be set manually.• Integration continues with the process variable (PV).• The alarm check for the process variable (PV) is bypassed.• Block mod changes to manual (MAN).

Calibration setting button




PART-B 4Control Computation Processing




PID / PI-D / I-PD



PV

SVMVΔMV

The PID control computation in the PID control function block calculates a manipulated output change (ΔMV) with the specified PID control algorithm. And then either velocity form or positional form output action converts the ΔMV to MV.

The figure below shows a block diagram of PID control computation:


Output Processing


PART-B 5Output Processing


Output ProcessingOutput processing refers to the processing that is executed to the values obtained from the control computation before output it.

Output limiter ΔMV limiter

Control computation MV

TRK

Output module

MAN/TRK

RMV

MH ML

Preset MV

MVrb Output conversion

MAN

TRKROUT

＋

＋＋

Aux. output No conversion

TIN SUB OUT

AUT/CAS/RCAS/PRD AUT/CAS/RCAS/ROUT/PRD

-


Output Processing

The output processing common to the regulatory control blocks:

• Output limiter• Output velocity limiter• Output clamp• Preset manipulated output• Output tracking• Output range tracking• Manipulated output index• Output conversion (no conversion, pulse width output conversion, communication output conversion and so on)

See IM33S01B30-01E PART-C Function Block Common, C4 Output Processing.


Output Limiter

The output limiter limits the manipulated output (MV) within the manipulated output high-limit (MH) and low-limit (ML) values in AUT mode.

High/low limit expansion function

When the mode is transferred from MAN to AUT mode, if the manipulated output has exceeded the high/low limit values, the high/low limit values are temporarily expanded to avoid abrupt change in the manipulated output (MV).


Output Velocity Limiter

It is a function to limit the amount of change between the previous and the current manipulated outputs, so as to avoid the abrupt changes in MV.

• The output velocity limiter can be bypassed in MAN mode.• In MAN mode the manipulated output values are displayed intact on the operation and monitoring windows.• The limiter does not function in a 2-position and a 3-position ON/OFF controller.

The output velocity limiter is ineffective in the default setting (100%).


Output Clamp

Output clamp prevents the manipulated output value (MV) from exceeding or falling below the current value.

The high limit clamp (CLP+) or the low-limit clamp (CLP-) of MV data status is initiated on one of the following conditions:

C is indicated in the MV pointer.

• The output value is limited by the output limiter.• The data status of the cascade-connected destination is either CLP+ or CLP-.

C

CLP+ and CLP- are the data status.

C

C


Preset Manipulated Output

The preset manipulated output forces a block mode to MAN and output a preset value as the manipulated output MV through an external command.

The command to output the preset value is generated by switching the preset MV switch (PSW) from 0 to 1, 2 or 3.

• PSW=0: Preset manipulated output is not effective.• PSW=1: MV=MSL (Low limit value of MV)• PSW=2: MV=MSH (High limit value of MV)• PSW=3: MV=PMV (Preset MV output value)

The preset MV switch (PSW) value will be automatically reset to 0 when the preset manipulated output function is activated to set the manipulated output (MV) at a preset value.The preset manipulated output value (PMV) is a value set as a tuning parameter from the operation and monitoring function, or from the General-Purpose Calculation Blocks.


Output Tracking

The output tracking is the function that forces the output value to match the value of the output destination or the value of the tracking input value.

TIC101

PID

OUT

FIC101

PID

SET

Output tracking [In TRK (tracking) mode and IMAN (initialization manual) mode]

Terminal connection

MV


Output Range TrackingThe output range tracking is the function that forces the scale high/low-limit of the MV to match those of the output destination, and the values of data items related to the MV are recalculated whenever the scale high/low-limit changes.

Output range tracking (MSH and MSL in the upper stream will track SH and SL in the downstream.)

PID

MSHMSLOUT

Terminal connection

PID

SHSL

SET

The output range tracking is the default setting (Automatic). When (Self) is specified, output range changes to 0 to 100% for free setting.


Manipulated Output Index

The manipulated output indexes show the permissible range of the manual MV at normal operation. The manual output index is only available for regulatory control blocks.

Permissible MV range

(OPHI, OPLO)

The default setting for the indexes is Yes. The values can be set on the tuning window.


Output Signal ConversionThe output signal conversion converts the result of control calculation to an output format for the output modules or other function blocks. The output signal conversion may be used for the processes common to the regulatory control blocks and the calculation blocks, and for the processes for the specific function blocks.

Output signal conversion processes common to function blocks and calculation blocks:

• No conversion• Pulse width output conversion (only for regulatory control blocks)• Communication output conversion

Output signal conversion processes for specific function blocks:

• Motor control block output• 2 or 3-position ON/OFF controller output• Time proportional ON/OFF controller output• Flow/mass totalizing batch set block output• Pulse count block output


Output Signal ConversionWhen the regulatory control block outputs to the analog output module, the tight-shut or the full-open functions and the direction of analog output can be defined.

The negative direction can be set with detailed setting in the IOM builder.

Default is -17.19% (Ms) and 106.25% (Mf).




PART-B 6Alarm Processing - FCS



Alarm detection function

Alarm detection setting

Alarm inhibition(AOF)

Alarm setpoint values

Alarm acknowledgement state

Alarm status

Alarm message

Process data

Function blocks

Re-warning alarm

Acknowledgement operation

The function that detects abnormality of the process from PV, MV and other values.

The function that summarizes the results of the alarm detection function and notifies the operation and monitoring functions as a message.

Alarm notification

function


Alarm Detection Function

The following alarm detections are performed:

• Input open alarm check• Input error alarm check• Input high-high/low-low limit alarm check• Input high/low limit alarm check• Input velocity alarm check• Deviation alarm check• Output open alarm check• Output high/low-limit alarm check• Connection failure alarm check

Data item

HH, LLPH, PLVLDV

MH, ML

Alarm status*IOP, IOP-IOP, IOP-HH, LLHI, LOVEL+, VEL-DV+, DV-OOPMHI, MLOCNF

* Colors of alarm status are of default.

See IM33S01B30-01E PART-C Function Block Common, C5 Alarm Processing - FCS.See also Supplement V. Block Mode and VI. Block Status, Alarm Status, Data Status.


Input Open Alarm CheckThe input open alarm check generates the high/low limit input open alarm (IOP, IOP-) when the input value is out of the range of the high/low limit input open detection setpoint.The Input open alarm check is performed by the input module. The function blocks that are connected directly to the input module receives the check results from the input module as a data status, and the high and low limit input open alarm is activated or recovered.

Operations at IOP generation:• Stop the input processing.• Hold the input value (Holding PV) before the alarm occurrence (when “Overshoot PV” is not defined).• In the regulatory control blocks, MAN fall back operation is performed and the block mode changes to MAN.

The setting of the input open alarm check type can be defined in the “input open alarm” on the Function Block Detail Builder.The high and low limit input open detection setpoint values can be defined in the IOM Builder Detail Setting.The default values of input open detection setpoint:

IOP = 106.3 %, -IOP = -6.3 %


Input Error Alarm Check

The input error alarm check determines whether the data status of the input value is invalid (BAD). When the data is invalid (BAD), the high-limit input open alarm (IOP) is activated*.

The possible causes of the invalid (BAD) data status of the input value are listed below:• Input open detected• I/O module failure• Block mode of the block for data reference is disabled (O/S)• Data status of the data for data reference is invalid (BAD)• Data status of the input value fails to communicate (NCOM)

* However, when the cause of the invalidity (BAD) data status is low-limit input open, the low-limit input open alarm (IOP-) is activated and the high-limit input open alarm (IOP) is not activated.


HH, PH, PL and LL Alarm Check

The input high-high limit, high limit, low limit and low-low limit alarm check may generate an alarm to indicate that the input signal is in high-high, high, low and low-low alarming status (HH, HI, LO, LL).

Hysteresis (HYS):Engineering unit data within the range of 0 to PV scale span, or percentage data for the PV scale span. When specifying percentage data, add % after the numeric value. The default is 2.0 %.


Velocity Alarm Check

The input velocity alarm check may generate an alarm to indicate that the velocity in positive direction (VEL+) or velocity in negative direction (VEL-) is in alarming status.

• Hysteresis (HYS): The default is 2.0 %.• Number of samplings (N): 1 to 12 points. The default setting is 1 point• Sampling interval (Tp): 1 to 10,000. Unit is scan interval. The default setting is 1


Deviation Alarm Check

The deviation alarm check may generate an alarm to indicate that the deviation (DV=PV-SV) in positive direction (DV+) or the deviation in negative direction (DV-) is in alarming status.

To prevent occurrence of the undesired alarm caused by abrupt set value change or setvalue ramp, the velocity change speed (derivative value) of the setpoint value (SV) is used as the deviation alarm setpoint value correction factor (r) to compensate the deviation alarm setpoint value (DL).

• Hysteresis (HYS): The default is 1.0 %.


Output Open Alarm Check

The output open alarm check may generate an alarm to indicate that the output is open (OOP).The output open alarm check is performed by the I/O module. The function block receives the check results from the I/O module as a data status (OOP) and processes the activation or the restoration of the output open alarm. The output open alarm is activated only in the function block that is directly connected to the I/O module. The alarm will not be activated at function blocks that sends output through data connections to other function blocks.When I/O modules are duplicated, an output open alarm is activated if both I/O modules are failed.

Operations at OOP generation:• For the regulatory control blocks that have MAN fallback functions, the MAN fallback action is initiated and the block mode is changed to manual (MAN) mode.• The manipulated output value (MV) is frozen, and the current value is kept as manipulated output values (MV).


MH and ML Alarm Check

The output high and low limit alarm check is a function that determines whether the manipulated output value (MV) exceeds the range of the manipulated output variable high-limit/ low-limit setpoint (MH, ML) for the output limiter.

When it is determined that the manipulated output value (MV) exceeds the manipulated output variable high limit setpoint (MH), an output high limit alarm (MHI) is activated. Similarly, when it is lower than the manipulated variable low limit setpoint (ML), an output low limit alarm (MLO) is activated.

• Hysteresis (HYS): The default is 2.0 %.


Alarm Messages

• Process alarm messages:The process alarm messages are transmitted when abnormality in the process variables (PV) or manipulated output values (MV) is detected by the alarm detection function of the function block, and when the abnormality returns to normal.

• System alarm messages:The system alarm messages are the messages transmitted to the operation and monitoring functions from the FCS about abnormalities occurred in the system of the FCS.

• Input module abnormality• Output module abnormality• Abnormality in the user defined calculations • Abnormality in the sequential control blocks at one-shot initiation


Process Alarm MessageThe occurrence of a process alarm message is shown below:


Process Alarm Notification FlowSystem message window

Process alarm

occurrence

✓

Graphic window


Related window


PrintoutBuzzer soundsSave in file

Navigator window


System Alarm MessageThe occurrence of a system alarm message is shown below:


Deactivate Alarm Detection and Alarm Off

• Deactivate alarm detection function:For each alarm detection function of the process alarms, the alarm detection status can be changed by setting the detection function to “enabled” or “disabled”.

• Alarm OFF (inhibition) function (AOF)The process alarm message operation can be temporarily suppressed leaving the alarm detection function operating.

AOF setting button


Alarm Related BuildersThree alarm related builders are provided in COMMON folder:

Alarm priority: For the 5 alarm priorities, output operations and alarm actions are specified.

Alarm status character string: Up to 32 alarm status labels for each function block are defined.

Alarm processing table: Up to 16 alarm processing levels can be defined.


Alarm Priority

The following table shows the alarm processing according to the alarm priority:

Operation and monitoring function:• With or without window display• With or without printing• With or without file save

FCS functions:• Operation at alarm occurrence• With or without repeated warning alarm• Alarm operation at recovery

*1: Action may be defined on Alarm Priority Builder.

Alarm actions and levels of alarm priority


Alarm Processing Level

With the alarm processing level, the alarm priority level can be specified for each function block or element.There are 16 alarm processing levels*. The alarm priority and alarm colors of all alarms occurred in a function block or an element are defined for each processing level.

* The alarm processing level can be designated in the Function Block Overview Builder and the Function Block Detail Builder.

Tag Mark, Alarm Priority, and Security Level (Default)

The definitions level 1 through level 4 have been defined by the system. Level 5 through level 16 are for user definitions.

Any combination of a tag mark, an alarm priority, and a function block security level can be designated.


Alarm Actions

High and medium priority alarm.

Low priority alarm.

Logging and reference alarm.


Alarm Status Character String

Upon occurrence of the alarm, the alarm status is displayed in a character string, and the alarm is processed in a predetermined manner. The alarm status character string can be either a system-fixed character string or a user-defined character string for user-defined function blocks.

System fixed alarm status character string for the PID control function block is shown in the table below:

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

CA

L

NR

OO

P

IOP

IOP

-

HH

LL

HI

LO DV

+

DV-

VE

L+

VE

L-

MH

I

MLO

CN

F

Bit position

Alarm status

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16


Alarm Processing TableAlarm status bit positions 1 to 6 are not displayed in a window because they are system-fixed. Alarm processing level Nos. 1 to 4 are also system-fixed. The user can designate the color and the priority for alarm processing level Nos. 5 to 16 for alarm status bit positions 7 to 32.

Alarm status bit position Alarm processing level number

System-fixed User-defined


System-fixed Alarm Status Change (1)

The system-fixed alarm status character string itself cannot be changed, but its color and priority can be changed.

Bit position assignment of the PID controller block is shown in the previous slide. If we want to designate the “HH” and “LL” alarms in a PID function block to be processed as a high-priority alarm, and displayed in magenta, while “HI” and “LO” alarms to be processed as a medium-priority alarm, and displayed in orange, do the following:

1. In the Alarm Processing Table Builder, designate [M: Magenta] for [Color (5)], and [1: High-priority Alarm] for [Priority (5)] for bit positions 13 (HH) and 14 (LL) on the alarm processing level No.5. Next, designate [OR: Orange] for [Color (5)], and [2: Medium-priority Alarm] for [Priority (5)]. for bit positions 17 (HI) and 18 (LO).

(The alarm priority after bit position 19 should be the medium priority alarm as the higher priority to be designated in ascending order of the bit position.)


System-fixed Alarm Status Change (2)

Designate magenta

Medium priority alarm

2. Select the [Alarm] tab in the Function Block Detail Builder, and then select [5: User-defined Alarm Process (5)] at [Alarm Processing Level].

Designation in the Alarm Processing Table Builder.

Designate orange

High priority alarm




PART-B 7Block Mode and Status



Block mode and status are the information that represent the conditions of the function blocks.

• Block mode• Block status

• Alarm status

• Data status

Represent the operating state of the function blocks.

Represents the alarm state of the process.

Represents the quality of the process data.

See IM33S01B30-01E PART-C Function Block Common, C6 Block Mode and Status.See also Supplement VI. Block Status, Alarm Status, Data Status.


Block Mode

The block mode is the information that represents the control state and the output state of a function block. The different type of function blocks have the different block modes. There are 9 basic block modes and several compound block modes.

Basic block mode:O/S, IMAN, TRK, MAN, AUT, CAS, PRD, RCAS, ROUT

Compound block mode:The state where multiple basic block modes are established at a time.e.g. AUT – IMAN

See Supplement V. Block Mode


Basic Block Modes

O/S: (Out of Service) All functions of the function block are currently stopped.IMAN: (Initialization MANual) Calculation processing and output processing are currently stopped.TRK: (TRacKing) Calculation processing is currently stopped and the specified value is forced to be output.MAN: (MANual) Calculation processing is currently stopped and the manipulated output value, which is set manually, is output.AUT: (AUTomatic) Calculation processing is being executed and the calculation result is output.CAS: (CAScade) Calculation processing is being executed, the set value CSV is from the cascadeconnected upstream block, and the calculation result referred to this CSV is output.PRD: (PRimary Direct) Calculation processing is currently stopped, the set value CSV is from the cascade connected upstream block, this CSV is output directly.RCAS: (Remote CAScade) An control and calculation processing is being executed using the remote setpoint value (RSV) which is set remotely from a supervisory system computer, and the calculation results is output.ROUT: (Remote OUTput) Calculation processing is currently stopped, and the remote manipulated output value (RMV) which is set remotely from a supervisory system computer is output directly.


Tracking Mode (TRK)

The tracking mode is used to switch the MV from one function block to another function block balance-less bump-less.When the tracking switch (TSW) is ON (1), the data for the TIN terminal is output. When TSW is OFF (0), PID computation result is the output.

SV

FIC

Pressure

PIC1

1PV

PVSV

Flow

Switch

0 – 100 Nm3/min

Vane control drive

TIN data

0 – 100 kPa

Blower

TSW input

1

0


Primary Direct Mode (PRD)

When the block mode is set to PRD, calculation processing is currently stopped. The set value CSV is from the cascade connected upstream block is output to the control valve after output processing.

MV1 MV2P’ry Controller

SV2

S’ry Controller

PRD PRD

[AUT]

[PRD]

OutputProcessing

ControlComputation

SV1 CAS CAS


Basic Block Modes Relationship

O/S

IMAN

TRK

MAN, AUT, CAS, PRD

RCAS, ROUT

Complementary relationship

Exclusive relationship

Priority level

High

Low

4

3

2

1

0


Block Mode Change Interlock

Block mode change interlock condition:

When the status of the interlock switch connected to the terminal (INT) becomes ON, the block mode change interlock establishes, then succeeded by the following actions:

• The MAN fallback condition establishes, and the block mode changes to manual (MAN).

• Any mode change command to put the function block into an automatic operation status (AUT, CAS, PRD, RCAS or ROUT mode) is invalidated.


Status

Block status:A block status is the information that represents the operating state of a function block. Some function blocks do not have any block status.e.g. PALM, CTUP status of TM block

Alarm status:An alarm status is the information that represents the alarm state of a process which was detected by the function block.e.g. HI, LO status of PID block

Data status:A data status is the information that represents the quality of data. The status passes from a function block to another by I/O operation. The data status if observed when various exceptional events occurred due to abnormality in the process input or calculation.e.g. BAD, IOP status of data

See Supplement VI. Block Status, Alarm Status, Data Status.


Processing Timing


PART-B 8Processing Timing


Processing Timing

An individual function block executes an input, a calculation or an output processing according to the processing timing.There are four types of the processing timing:

• Periodic execution:Executed repeatedly with preset period.

• One-shot execution:Executed only once when invoked from another function block.

• Initial execution / Restart execution:Executed when FCS executes start operation.

• Initial execution:Executed when FCS executes cold start operation.

See IM33S01B30-01E PART-C Function Block Common, C7 Processing Timing.


Processing Timing

• Processing timing of regulatory control blocks:The processing timing for the regulatory control blocks is the periodic

execution.

• Processing timing of calculation blocks:There are following two types of the processing timing for the

calculation blocks:* Periodic execution* One-shot execution

• Processing timing of sequential control blocks:There are following four types of the processing timing for the

sequential blocks:* Periodic execution* One-shot execution* Initial start / restart execution* Initial start execution


Processing TimingThe processing timing that activates the individual function blocks and control drawings are determined by the following factors in the periodic execution of the regulatory control blocks: Scan period:Basic scan, medium-speed scan, high-speed scan.Execution order of processing:Control drawings are executed in order of the drawing number. Function blocks in one control drawing are executed ion order of the function block number.Process I/O processing timing:The processing timing varies by the analog I/O and status I/O.Control period of regulatory control block:A regulatory control block has a control period besides the scan period.

Medium and high-speed scan period are defined on the FCS property window.

(Some FCSs have no medium-scan period.)


Scan Periods

Scan period determines a period for the periodic execution of the function block. There are three types of scan periods: basic scan, medium-speed scan and high-speed scan.

● Basic ScanThe basic scan is a standard scan period which is common to function blocks.The basic scan period is fixed to 1 second. This cannot be changed.● Medium-Speed Scan (LFCS/KFCS)The medium-speed scan is a scan period suited for the process control that requiresquicker response than what can be achieved with the basic scan setting. Setting value of the medium-speed scan can be selected by each FCS according to its use.Setting value of the medium-speed scan can be changed on System View:• Medium-speed scan period: Select “200 ms” or “500 ms.” The default is “500 ms.”● High-Speed ScanThe high-speed scan is a scan period suited for the process control that requires high-speed response. Setting value of the high-speed scan can be selected by each FCS according to its use.Setting value of the high-speed scan can be changed on System View:• High-speed scan period: Select “50 ms,” “100 ms,” “200 ms” or “500 ms.” The default is “200 ms.”


Execution Order

1st priority2nd priority3rd priority

The groups of high-speed scan function blocks in three drawings are indicated as A, B and C. Similarly, the groups of medium-speed scan function blocks, A’, B’ and C’; and the basic scan function blocks, a, b and c.


Control PeriodAmong the regulatory control blocks, the controller block has a control period besides the processing period. The control period is the period that the controller block executes control computation and output processing during the automatic operation. The control period is always an integer multiple of the scan period of 1 second. Input and alarm processing are performed at each scan period.

In ‘Automatic determination’, the control period is defined in accordance with the integral time.

High- Medium- Speed Scan




PART-C




C1. Regulatory Control PositioningC2. Regulatory Control Block StructureC3. Types of Regulatory Control BlocksC4. Control Computation of Control Block

Reference: IM33S01B30-01EPART-D Function Block Details, D1 Regulatory Control


PART-C Regulatory Control Functions


Regulatory Control Positioning


PART-C 1Regulatory Control Positioning


Regulatory Control PositioningThe regulatory control block performs control computation processing using analog process variables and so on for the process monitoring and control.

FCS


I/O interfaces


Regulatory Control Block Structure


PART-C 2Regulatory Control Block Structure


Regulatory Control Block StructureThe structure of regulatory control function block PID:

OUT

SUB

AUTMAN

SET

CAS

IN

INTTSITINRL2RL1BIN

RCAS



RAW

CSV

RSV

PV

SV

RMV

MV




Input processing


Alarm processing

Output processing

CASAUT

MAN

ROUT



Data Items and Terminals

The following list shows the data items and the terminals of the PID control function block:

*1

*1

*2

*2

*3*3

*3

*4

*1: Either input or output compensation is possible.*2: Used for the reset limit function.*3: Used for the output tracking function.*4: Interlock the block mode transfer.*5: Remote value means the value from another computer.

*5

*5




PART-C 3Types of Regulatory Control Blocks



The regulatory control blocks vary by the types of data handled and control computation processing functions provided.

• Input indicator blocks• Controller blocks• Manual loader blocks• Signal setter blocks• Signal limiter blocks• Signal selector blocks• Signal distributor blocks• Pulse count block• Alarm block• YS blocks

See Supplement VII. Regulatory Control Function Blocks.


Controller Blocks

The table below shows nine controller blocks available:

PID controller block explained in the textbook.

See Supplement X. PI Control Function Block.


Control Computation


PART-C 4Control Computation of Control Block




PID / PI-D / I-PD


PV

SVMV

The PID control computation in the PID control function block calculates a manipulated output change (ΔMV) with the specified PID control algorithm. And then either velocity form or positional form output action converts the ΔMV to MV.



ΔMV

See IM33S01B30-01E PART-D Function Block Details, D1.5 PID Controller Block (PID).


PID Control Algorithms (1)The PID control computation is the core of the PID control computation processing, calculating a manipulated output change (ΔMV) by using the PID control algorithms. The PID control is the most widely used, it combines three types of actions: proportional, integral and derivative.


Control action(P) bypass

Control action(D) bypass

(DV)

(PV)

(PV)


PID Control Algorithms (2)

There are five control algorithms to perform PID computation:

Basic type PID control (PID): A quick response for the SV change can be expected. PV proportional and derivative type PID control (I-PD): SV may be changed not

considering bump. PV derivative type PID control (PI-D): Relatively good response for the SV change

can be expected.


Control Action Bypass

The PID Controller Block can perform the following two types of control action by bypassing proportional and/or derivative actions among the proportional, integral and derivative actions:

To set the control action bypass, specify “0” to the set parameter P or D, as shown in the table above. The proportional gain (Kp) is fixed to “1” when only integral action is required.

Control action bypass:


Control Output Action

The control output action converts the difference of MV (ΔMV) into the manipulated output (MVn) at each control period.

Velocity form:Adds ΔMV to the read-back value (MVrb) from the destination. MVn = MVrb + ΔMV

Positional form: (default setting)Adds the difference of the current manipulated output (ΔMVn) to the previous output (MVn-1).MVn = MVn-1 + ΔMVn


Control Action Direction The control action direction function switches between direct (increase) action and reverse (decrease) action that shows increase or decrease of the manipulated output value (MV) corresponding to the changes of the process variable (PV).

PV

Direct action

Reverse action

MV

Direct (Increase) action:When the SV is fixed, the control action in which the manipulated variable (MV) increases as the process variable (PV) increases.

Reverse (Decrease) action (default setting):When the SV is fixed, the control action in which the manipulated variable (MV) increases as the process variable (PV) decreases.


Process Variable TrackingWhen the block mode is switched from manual (MAN) mode to automatic (AUT) mode, if a large deviation exists, the manipulated output (MV) changes the quickly. To prevent this change, the measurement racking function equals the setpoint variable (SV) to the process variable (PV) in the MAN mode.

SVPV

If SV equals PV, MV won’t change as no deviation exists. However, SV is not fixed. Care must be taken when the controller is used with the constant SV.


Control Computation Processing (1)

Besides the control computation processing functions explained, the following functions are the examples provided for the PID control blocks: Non-linear gain: Changes the proportional gain in accordance with the degree of deviation so that the relationship between the deviation and manipulated output change (ΔMV) becomes non-linear. Two types of the non-linear gain control are provided: Gap action or square deviation action.

Reset limit function: Performs correction computation using values read from the connection destinations input terminals RL1 and RL2 during PID control computation. This function prevents reset windup.

Deadband action: Adjust the manipulated output change (ΔMV) to “0” when the deviation is within the deadband range, in order to stop the manipulated output (MV) from changing.


Control Computation Processing (2)

I/O compensation: Adds the I/O compensation value (VN) received from outside to the input signal or the control output signal of PID computation when the controller block is in MAN.Either Input compensation (used for the dead-band compensation control) or output compensation (used for the feedforward control) is selectable.

Setpoint value limiter: Limits the setpoint value (SV) within the setpoint High/low limits (SVH, SVL).

Setpoint value pushback: Causes two of the three setpoint values (SV, CSV, RSV) to agree with the remaining one.

See Supplement IX. Control Computation Processing.

Bumpless switching: When the block mode is changed or when the manipulated output (MV) is switched in a downstream block, no bump occurs in the MV.




PART-D




CS1000/3000 Engineering Course TextbookPART-D Operation and Monitoring Functions

Reference: IM33S01B30-01EPART-E Human Interface Station

D1. Engineering ProceduresD2. Basic Definitions of HISD3. Operation and Monitoring FunctionsD4. Trend Recording FunctionD5. Message ProcessingD6. Function KeysD7. Other Functions




PART-D 1Engineering Procedures



Basic functions of HIS:

Functions of operation and monitoring windows such as graphic windows.Trend recording functions to save data and redisplay.Message functions such as operator guide messages, alarm messages etc.Function key functions to make operation easy.



Define functions necessary for the operation and monitoring.

The functions supporting the operations such as the function key functions may be changed directly by HIS SetUp window.

Details of HIS SetUp window are explained in the fundamental course textbook.

HIS constant definition

Function key definition

Scheduler definition

Trend definition

Sequence message definition

Graphic window definition

Help message definition

Plant hierarchy definition

Panel set definition

: Explained in the course.


Basic Definitions of HIS


PART-D 2Basic Definitions of HIS


HIS PropertyAt the creation of new HIS, device type, station number, network and so on are to be defined with the property window.

Device type

Station number

Protocol of control network* Use default values. No change is allowed.

Information network protocol. Either the default values or the values for the inter-company LAN are acceptable.


HIS Property

Operation group ID

Buzzer acknowledgment ID

The default values of the buzzer ACK ID and the operation group ID may be used. (All HIS belong to a single group.)


Buzzer ACK ID

The buzzer ACK ID is an ID that allows buzzers on other HIS’s with same buzzer ACK ID to be reset when a the buzzer is acknowledged on one HIS.

Buzzer ACK identifier:• The buzzer ACK ID can be set with up to eight alphanumeric characters.


Operation Group

A number of HIS on the same communication bus are grouped based on the operation policy, and the operation and monitoring can be performed in the unit of the group. This group is referred to as the operation group.

Acknowledgement of operation guide message, panel set call, remote window call and so on.

Group identifier:• Up to 8 alphanumeric characters. The first two characters are for an ID, and the characters from the third are for comment text.• The wild card [*] may be used.


Definition of HIS Constants

Details of HIS can be defined on each item with the OpeconDef file in the CONFIGURATION folder in the HIS folder.

An example of the window to define a switch instrument diagram operation as one of HIS constants.


Definition of HIS Constants

Definition of the HIS attribute and the scope of operation with the security window.

Definition of the user group to which that HIS belongs.

See IM33S01B30-01E F9.2 User group.


Definition of HIS ConstantsWindows to define functions related to the data save.

The Long-term Data Save is intended for the long-term storage of trend data.(optional package)

The Closing Process creates closing data for statistical processing, such as average values and total values.


HIS Constants and HIS Setup Message printout, security and so on are defined with the HIS constants definition window. Setup of the printer output, window switching, screen mode and so on are set with HIS Setup window.

See TE33Q4T30-01E Fundamental Course Textbook.

HIS Setup window

System Status

Overview




PART-D 3Operation and Monitoring Functions


Operation and Monitoring WindowThe operation and monitoring windows include the built-in system windows and user-defined windows that can define applications and display contents freely at the system generation.Number of user-defined windows: CS3000 = 4000 / HIS, CS1000 = 1000 / HIS

User-defined widows can be created or added with the window creation function in WINDOW folder in HIS.


Window Attributes

Attributes and other functions can be defined for each window.

Definition of window operation and monitoring authority.

A window may be named as desired.

Definition of attributes for graphic, control, overview windows.


Operation and Monitoring Authority

Operation and monitoring authority for windows:

Default setting of operation and monitoring authority.


Trend Recording Function


PART-D 4Trend Recording Function



The trend recording function periodically gathers process data such as temperature, pressure, flow and so on from an FCS with HIS. The acquired data may be displayed as trend graphs.

Trend data collection

SaveAS

TG01011 FIC100.PV2 TIC200.PV3 LIC300.PV

Trend window / Trend point window

Long-term trend

Closing processing

Trend display

Process data from the FCS within the security scope.

To Report processing / General applications

* Optional

Trend record

Referencing data from other security scope.



Trend groupTG0101

1 FIC100.PV2 TIC200.PV3 LIC300.PV45678

LIC300.PV3 LIC300.PV

The trend recording consists of the three layers of the trend blocks, the trend windows and the trend point windows.Trend blockTrend block 01



TR0003

Trend block 50TR0050

Trend group 1TG0101

Trend group 2TG0102

Trend group 3TG0103

Trend group 16TG0116

Trend window

Trend point window

Trend window nameTGbbggbb: Block numbergg: Group number

Maximum number trend blocks for CS1000 is 8.

Each trend block can specifies trend type and sampling period.


Structure of Trend

Trend block:A trend block is comprised of 16 units of trend windows.There are 50 trend blocks (CS3000) per HIS. Up to 20 of the 50 trend blocks can be defined as the trend of own station. The remaining 30 trend blocks are defined as the trend of other stations. (8 trend blocks for CS1000 and no trend of other stations)The trend format and sampling period are defined for each trend block.

Trend window:8-pen trend data can be assigned to a trend window. There are 800 trend windows (CS3000) per HIS. (128 windows for CS1000)

Trend point window:One trend pen is displayed in each trend point window. There are 6,400 trend point windows (CS3000) per HIS. (1,024 widows for CS1000)


Trend Data Acquisition Types

The data acquisition includes the following four types:

Continuous-rotary type:Process data are acquired constantly. Data acquisition starts automatically after starting the operation and monitoring functions. When the storage capacity becomes full, the oldest data are deleted and replaced by new data.

Batch-stop type:Data acquisition starts and stops according to the received command. When the storage capacity becomes full, data acquisition stops.

Batch-rotary type:Data acquisition starts and stops according to the received command. If no stop command is given and the storage capacity becomes full, the oldest data are deleted and replaced by new data.

Trend acquired by other HIS:Trend data acquired by other HIS may be referenced in a unit of block.


Sampling Period and Recording Span

The sampling period can be selected from 1 second, 10 seconds, 1 minute, 2 minutes, 5 minutes and 10 minutes for each trend block. No more than 2 trend blocks can be specified with the sampling period of 1 second or 10 seconds.

2,880 samples can be acquired per pen. The recording span indicates the time to acquire 2,880 samples for each trend in the specified sampling period.

The table below shows the relationship between the sampling period and the recording span:


Display Data Types

The display data type of each trend gathering pen is defined to display data in the trend window.The data display for the trend gathering pen include the following types:Default: Acquired data are displayed in the default data type in the instrument faceplate showing the function block of the acquisition source.Analog type: Acquired process data are displayed in the data axis range 0 to 100 % of the trend graph.Discrete type: Acquired ON/OFF data are displayed in the fixed data axis range 6 % of the trend graph.

An example of discrete type


Reference Pattern Assignment

For the batch type trend, specified trend data can be assigned as a reference pattern.

The trend reference pattern, an ideal trend pattern such as the trend record by an operator with expertise can be displayed in the trend window.

When the trend point window is displayed, the related reference pattern is also displayed.

Reference Patterns


Trend Block Definition

The properties of each trend block should be defined with HIS CONFIGURATION before assigning trend pens.

Trend block file:The acquisition types, acquisition periods are defined with the property window.Pens can be assigned with a trend group window by opening the file.


Trend-Pen Assignment

Acquisition type setting

Trend-pen assignment window

Acquisition period setting

Display data type definition


Message Processing


PART-D 5Message Processing


Message Processing

Message processing notifies operators changes of process or system status with pre-defined messages.

Type of messages:

• System messagesNotifies status or operations related to the system.

• Process messagesNotifies status or operations related to the process.Process alarm message, annunciator message, operator guide message, printout message, sequence message request, signal event message

• Other operation related messages

See IM33S01B30-01E PART-E Human Interface Station, E11 Message Processing.


Message Flow

The flow of the message transmitted from the FCS is shown below:

Voice output

LED/buzzer output Window display

Printout

HIS Security FilterHIS0164

V-net

HIS0163

FCS0101

FCS0102

FCS0103

One group

User Group Filter


Message Types

User-defined messages are shown below:

• Annunciator message (%AN) Up to 24 characters

• Operator guide message (%OG) Up to 70 characters

• Print message output (%PR) 80 characters and data

• Sequence message request (%RQ) Processing request to HIS

• Signal event message (%EV) Transmission to built-in instrument

• Help message (HW) Up to 70 characters by 21 lines

• Voice message (%VM)


Message Output Actions

The message processing notifies operators the message arise by various message output actions.

The table below shows various message output actions:

Messages often used


Print Message (%PR)

When a print message request is sent from a FCS to an HIS, the operation and monitoring functions print the character string that corresponds to the message number.

The print message may be printed as one in the following formats:

• Comment message plus up to 3 data in order of data 1, data 2 and data 3 may be printed out.

• The integer constant specified in the action column of a sequence table plus 2 process data in order of the integer constant, data 1 and data 2 may be printed out.

The element number of the print message output is as follows: For CS1000: %PR0001 to %PR0100For CS3000: %PR0001 to %PR0200


Print Message (%PR)

An example of the print message definition and its printout are shown below:


Print Message Flow (%PR)The occurrence, transmission and output of print message are shown as below:


Sequence Message Request (%RQ)The sequence message request is sent by the sequential control function at a certain timing to an HIS to execute a processing.

The functions executable with the sequence message request function are as follows:

• Window call• Execution of system function key• Start, stop or restart of batch trend data acquisition• Flashing, turn-on or turn-off of LED• Execution of a program with its program name• Execution of multi-media function• Printout of report

The element numbers of the sequence message request are as follows: For CS1000: %PR0001 to %RQ0100For CS3000: %PR0001 to %RQ0200


Message Request Flow (%RQ)

Sequence function

Report printoutWindow display

Turn-on LED

An example of automatic report printing at the end of the process.


Message Request and SchedulerSequence message request definition window.

Scheduler definition window

Start Time setting and other setting items.


Execution Methods of HIS Functions

HIS functions Program startup LED display Execution method

Function key Possible Turn-on Manual operation by an operator

Scheduler Possible None Automatic execution at a certain time

Sequence message request Possible Turn-on Execution by the

sequence

Function key, scheduler or sequence message request is used to startup HIS functions or programs. Basic functions are almost the same. Only the execution method varies.


Help Message (HW)

Help messages guide the operators as an on-line manual. The messages are displayed in help dialog boxes.Besides the user-defined help, there is the pre-defined system help.

User-defined help:• Up to 9,999 help dialogs can be defined. (HW0001 to HW9999)• Up to 21 lines can be defined per help and 70 characters per line.• Can be related with a function block or a graphic window.


Help Message (HW)

Help message numbers are from HW0001 to HW9999.

Users can define help messages freely.


Help Message Call

Properties window of the function block.

Properties window of the graphic builder.

The help message number related to the function block.

The help message number related to the graphic window.


Message PrintoutMessages besides the sequence message request can be output to a printer.

Generation or recovery is distinguished by the identifier without red printing facility.

For easy-recognition of different type of messages, define number of tabs for each type of message.


Message Printout

• A printer can be assigned for each type of message.

• Messages from the stations excluded from the operation group or function blocks may not be printed.

• Print start position may be defined for each type of message.

• Messages are not printed out until the messages are pilled up to fit one page for print.

• Messages can be printed out at any timing with the function key or the scheduler function.

See IM33S01B30-01E E11 Message Processing.


Message Printout Printer

Define the HIS Printer Name for each type of message with HIS constants definition builder.

Correspondence between Printer Name (device name) and HIS Printer Name can be set with HIS Setupwindow, Printer tab.


Message Printout Timing

Messages are not printed out until the messages are pilled up to fit one page for print. The message, however, may be sent to printer when the defined queuing time elapsed. For each message the queuing time can be defined with HIS constants builder.


Function Keys


PART-D 6Function Keys


Function Keys

The function keys provided on the operation keyboard allow users to define functions freely.

Executable functions with function keys are follows:

• Window call• Execution of system function key• Start, stop or restart of batch trend data acquisition• Flashing, turn-on or turn-off of LED• Execution of a program with its program name• Execution of multi-media function

The following functions are only for CS3000.• Panel set call • Window call to another station• Remote window call by window name (console type HIS only)• Currently displayed window set copy (console type HIS only)• Remote CRT window erase (console type HIS only)

See IM33S01B30-01E PART-E Human Interface Station, E13.2 Function Keys.


Window Call Function

To assign the window call function to the function keys, define the following functions with the function key definition builder.

• Window typeGraphic window, system status display window and so on.

• Window calling function typeTUN, TREND, DRAW and so on.

• Window display sizeLarge size, medium size and others.

• Window display position Defined with X-Y co-ordinates.


Window Display Size

The window display size can be selected from the following three sizes:

In window mode:

• When the Large size is specified (-SL) : 80% width of the screen• When the Medium size is specified (-SM): 50% width of the screen

• When the Special size is specified (-SC): The size varies with thedesign at creation. (No scaling, Individual windows)

In full screen mode:

• When the Large size is specified (-SL) : 100% width of the screen(The large size window is referred to as a main window, and other windows are as auxiliary windows.)


Window Display Position

The window display position can be specified beforehand.The display position is specified using X and Y coordinates.The range falls within 0 to 32767.The display position is specified in the format given below:

= +X coordinate + Y coordinate

X coordinate: The left edge of the screen is set as the origin.

Y coordinate: The upper edge of the screen is set as the origin.

200

100

（+２００,+１００）


Function to Call a Window

An example to assign the window call function:

O Window name {Function type} {-Window size} {=Display position} {Parameter}

O FIC101 TUN -SL =+200+100

▲ : Space{ } : Can be omitted.

Generic parameter for data bind

The function parameter to specify window operation


Functions of Function Keys

Function parameter list:

See IM33S01B30-01E E13.

O: Window callK: Execution of system function keyT: Start, stop or restart of batch trend data acquisitionE: Flashing, turn-on or turn-off of LEDF: Execution of a program with its program nameX: Execution of multi-media function

The following functions are only for CS3000.P: Panel set call S: Window call to another station


System FunctionsExamples of the system functions (K) are as follows:


Function Key Assignment

Function key definition file (FuncKey) in CONFIGURATION folder of HIS.

An example of the function key definition:


Temporary AssignmentFunction key definition window in the HIS Setup.

The functions assigned to the function keys by the HIS Setup are temporary. When the HIS definition is loaded from the System View, assigned functions are initialized to the builder definition.


Other Functions


PART-D 7Other Functions


Panel Set (CS3000)

With the panel set function (for CS3000), multiple windows can be called up together to multiple HIS. Combination of several windows that are frequently used can be defined per set and the panel set can be called up with one-touch operation.

• Up to 200 panel sets can be defined per HIS.• Up to 5 windows can be defined per set.• Calling up the panel set from other HIS is possible.

HIS0123 HIS0124

Notification to HIS0124


Panel Set

An example of panel set definition window.

Panel set definition file (PanelSet) in the CONFIGURATION folder of HIS.

Definition of each window.


Plant Hierarchy

The plant hierarchy refers to the various equipment in the plant control system that are organized into layered architectures based on ISA S88.01 physical model.

The plant hierarchy is useful in setting security, filtering process messages, flashing function key LEDs and performing other operations.




PART-ESequential Control Functions



CS1000/3000 Engineering Course TextbookPART-E Sequential Functions

Reference: IM33S01B30-01EPART-D Function Block Details, D3 Sequence Control

E1. Sequential Control PositioningE2. Types of Sequential Control BlocksE3. Sequence ConnectionE4. Sequence Table BlocksE5. Logic Chart BlockE6. Processing Timing of SequenceE7. Switch Instrument BlocksE8. Timer BlockE9. Software Counter BlockE10. Relational Expression BlockE11. Auxiliary Blocks


Sequential Control Function


PART-E 1Sequential Control Positioning


Sequential Control PositioningThe function blocks that execute the sequential control are referred to as sequential control blocks. The positioning of the sequential control blocks is shown blow:

FCS


I/O interfaces


Types of Sequential Control

Definition of sequential control:Sequential control executes in sequence each control step

following the pre-defined conditions or orders.

The sequential control can be divided into following two types:

• Condition control (Monitoring)Monitors process status and controls according to the pre-defined

conditions.

• Programmed control (Phase steps)Controls according to the pre-defined programs (phases).


Sequential Control Description

SFC (Sequential Function Chart ) block:The SFC is a graphical programming language suitable for describing a process control sequence. It is standardized by the international standard, IEC SC65A/WG6.It is used for relatively large-scaled sequential controls and device controls. The SFC block defines the flow of an entire sequence. Each step in the SFC is described with sequence tables or SEBOL (Sequence and Batch Oriented Language).

Logic chart block:The logic chart block aligns each condition and operation, and the combination of conditions is described with logic elements to specify the operation performed. This is suitable for describing the condition control type such as an interlock sequence.

Sequence table block:The conditions and operations are arranged in the decision table format and specifies which operation is performed by the combination of conditions. This table is suitable for describing the both types of sequence.




PART-E 2Types of Sequential Control Blocks



Sequence table blocks:The sequence table block realizes a sequential control by operating other function blocks and/or process I/O or software I/O.

SFC blocks:The SFC block executes the sequential control program described with SFC.

Logic chart block:The logic chart block realizes an interlock sequence with the logic chart diagram using logic elements.

Sequence table and logic chart are explained in this engineering course.



Sequence auxiliary blocks:The following types of blocks are provided.

Timer block (TM) Relational expression block (RL)Soft-counter block (CTS) Resource scheduler block (RS)Pulse train counter block (CTP) Valve monitoring block (VLVM)Code input block (CI)Code output block (CO)

The sequence auxiliary blocks are registered from the Select Function Block dialog. There are two folders; Sequence Elements 1 and Sequence Elements 2.

See PART-E11, Auxiliary Blocks.



Switch instrument blocks*:The switch instrument block monitors and operates devices such as ON/OFF valves, motors or pumps, or final control elements for contact I/O.

* The switch instrument blocks are explained in detail later.

Valve pattern monitor block (Optional):The valve pattern monitor is a function block which runs in an FCS (Field Control Station). One valve pattern monitor can simultaneously monitor a maximum of 512 valves.This valve pattern monitor is controlled by the user application represents an operation scripted in SEBOL statements.


Sequence Connection


PART-E 3Sequence Connection


Sequence Connection

The sequence connection specifies various elements having data as the connection destinations for I/O terminals of a function block. The conditional expression to test data status for the input terminal, and the data to manipulate an element for the output terminal should be specified.

The processing for reading data from the connection destination is referred to as [Condition testing], while the processing to output data to the connection destination is referred to as [Status manipulation]. Connection information formats are as follows:

Element symbol name. Data item name. Condition specificationElement symbol name. Data item name. Action specification

Since the wiring between terminals can describe only an element symboland a data item, the sequence connection is directly described on the sequence block without wiring.


Sequence Table Blocks


PART-E 4Sequence Table Blocks


Sequence Table Blocks The sequence table block provides two types of table in the form of a decision table.

(1) ST16 (Basic):The ST16 block handles a total of 64 I/O (condition/action) signals and 32 rules. Number of I/O signals can be exchanged in the unit of 8.

(2) ST16E (Extension):The ST16E is used for the rule extension. It is connected to the extending ST16.

32 rules

Total 64 I/O points (fixed)

Condition rules

Action rules

Input condition

Output action

Y NY N

Y Y N

Total 64 I/O points (fixed)

Input condition

Output action

Y NY N

Y Y N

Condition rules

Action rules

32 rules


M- and L- Size Sequence TablesBesides the sequence table blocks ST16 and ST16E, two larger size tables are provided. The tables of each size have basic and extension types.

Middle size table: M-ST16, M-ST16E Large size table: L-ST16, L-ST16E

(1) M-ST16, M-ST16E:The M-ST16 and M-ST16E blocks handle a total of 96 I/O (condition/action) signals and 32 rules.

(2) L-ST16, L-ST16E:The L-ST16 and L-ST16E blocks handle a total of 128 I/O (condition/action) signals and 32 rules.


Rule Extension (ST16E)The number of rules in a single sequence table is fixed at 32 and cannot be changed. However, if the number of rules in a sequence table is not enough to describe one phase unit, the number of rules can be extended by connecting to another sequence table.

• Up to 100 steps can be described in a sequence table group.• The same step label cannot be described in more than one step label setting area.• The step executed over two sequence tables or more cannot be described.• The extended sequence table and the extending sequence table should be described in the same control drawing.

Sequence table group


Rule Extension (ST16E)

Rule extension sequence table block (ST16E):Since the ST16E is managed by the extending sequence table block ST16, the ST16E cannot be activated independently.The ST16E can only be connected to a step-type sequence table block. It cannot be connected to a non-step type sequence table. (Connection is unnecessary.)

Step 1 to 15 Step 16 to 35



I/O signals Total 64(fixed)

Condition signalsTotal 32 (default)

32 rules

Input connection information

Condition specification

Condition rules

Action rulesAction signalsTotal 32 (default)

Output connection information

Action specification



Action signal

comment

Condition signal

comment

Step label

Next step label

Rule expansion destination tag name

Processing timing Scan period


Example of Sequence DescriptionAn example of descriptions of the fundamental logic circuits, AND, OR and NOT.

%SW0200ON

AND logic circuit

OR logic circuit

C01

C32

RuleStep

(Condition signals)

YY

Y

.

.

.

A01

A32

THENELSE

(Action signals)

.

.

.

%Z011101.PV H%Z011102.PV H%SW0200.PV H

Y

YY

Y

%SW0201ON

%SW0202ON

%SW0203ON

%Z011101ON

%Z011102ON

%SW0200OFF

NOT logic circuit

%SW0200ON

N

Y

01 32. . . . . . . . . .02 03

%SW0201.PV ON%SW0202.PV ON

%SW0200.PV ON

%SW0203.PV ON


Execution and Output TimingExecution timingA sequence table block and a logic chart block have the following four types of execution timing:





Output timingA sequence table block has two types of output timing:• Output only when conditions change (C)• Output each time conditions are satisfied (E)


Output Timing• Output only when conditions change (C):The action is executed only once when the condition is switched from false to true. However, if the non-latched output is specified for the action signal, the action changes when the condition is switched from true to false.

• Output each time conditions are satisfied (E):The action is executed each control period as long as the condition remains true.

Output only when conditions change (C)

Condition

ON

OFFCondition

ON

OFF

Output

Output each time conditions are satisfied (E)

Output

Non-latched type (L type)


Processing Timing

Execution timing and output timing can be used in combination. The table below shows the combination of timings for ST16 and ST16E. Default




Basic operation 1:

(1) As for condition testing, in the same rule number when all conditions (Y or N) are satisfied, the condition of the rule is true.

(2) Rule columns for the same rule number are all blank are considered true unconditionally.

Non-step type sequence table tests all rules at every control period.

%SW0200 and %SW0201 are ON and then %Z011101 turns ON.%SW0201 and %SW0202 are OFF and then %Z011102 turns ON.

%Z011103 turns ON unconditionally.

C01

C32

A01

A32

THEN

ELSE

01 32Rule

Step

Condition signals

Action signals

Y%SW0201%SW0202

%SW0200Y

Y%Z011101%Z011102

N

Y

%SW0203

N

.

.

.

.

.

.

%Z011103 Y

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



Basic operation 2:

When multiple action signals exist in a condition satisfied rule, the actions are executed from top to down.

C01

C32

A01

A32

THENELSE

01 32RuleStep

Condition signals

Action signals

Y%SW0201%SW0202

%SW0200Y

Y%Z011101%Z011102

%SW0203

.

.

.

.

.

.

%Z011103YN

Actions are executed in order of %Z011101, %Z011102, %Z011103.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



Basic operation 3:

When the conditions of multiple rules are satisfied simultaneously with respect to a single operation, if requests for both Y and N are detected, Y has a priority and the operation for N is not executed.

When conditions in 3 rules are satisfied, Y is executed. (Y has a priority.)

C01

C32

A01

A32

THENELSE

01 32RuleStep

Condition signals

Action signals

Y%SW0201%SW0202

%SW0200Y

Y%Z011101%Z011102

%SW0203

.

.

.

.

.

.

%Z011102

N

YY

N

When conditions in 2 rules are satisfied, Y and then N is executed. ( Executed from top to down.)

NY

YY

. . . . . . . . .


Example of Non-step Sequence

Always monitors not to overflow the buffer tank.

HH alarm logic flow.

- Closed- Open


Example of Non-step Sequence

Description of HH alarm logic flow in the previous example:



THEN

ELSE

08

Rule

Step

YY

Y

C01

C32 Condition signals

%SW0201%SW0202

%SW0200

%SW0203

.

.

.

A01

A32 Action signals

%Z011101%Z011102.

.

. %Z011103

04 05

0508

Basic operation 1:

For the step type sequence table, the next execution step label must be described in the THEN/ ELSE column in order to advance the steps.

The step will not advance if both next step labels in the THEN/ ELSE are blank. The same step is executed each time.

Step label

Next step label (THEN label)

Next step label (ELSE label)

Step type sequence table tests only rules in the current step at every control period.

YY

Y

Y

Tested rules



Basic operation 2:

The next step specified in the THEN column is the step to advance when the condition test result is true.

When all actions for the corresponding rules are executed, the step proceeds to the next step.

When the condition of the rule in step 04 is satisfied, the step advances to 05.

THENELSE

08RuleStep

YY

Y

C01


%SW0201%SW0202

%SW0200

%SW0203

.

.

.

A01

A32 Action signals

%Z011101%Z011102.

.

.%Z011103

04 05

0508

YY

YY



Basic operation 3:

The next step specified in the ELSE column is the step to advance when the condition test result is false.

When conditions for the corresponding rules are not satisfied, the step proceeds to the next step without executing the actions.

When the condition of the rule in step 04 is not satisfied, the step advances to 08.

THENELSE

08RuleStep

YY

Y

C01


%SW0201%SW0202

%SW0200

%SW0203

.

.

.

A01

A32 Action signals

%Z011101%Z011102.

.

.%Z011103

04 05

0508

YY

YY



Basic operation 4:

The same step label can be assigned to the multiple rules. In this case, according to the condition, branched actions can be performed.

If there are multiple step transition requests in the same step (multiple conditions are satisfied), the step advances to the next step label that is described on the smallest rule number.

If all multiple conditions are satisfied, the next step is “02”.

C01

C32

A01

A32

THENELSE

04

Action signals

Y

%Z011101%Z011102

RuleStep

Condition signals

%SW0201%SW0202

%SW0200

%SW0203

.

.

.

.

.

.

%Z011103

YY

01 02

02 03 04

03

YY

Y



Basic operation 5:

When a step advances to a next step, the next step is executed at the next scan period.

When a step has advanced, the conditions of each rule are initialized once.

The step sequence executes only a single step at each scan period.In this case, it may take 2 seconds or more to turn %Z011103 OFF, after the step 01 was executed.

C01

C32

A01

A32

THENELSE

04RuleStep

Condition signals

Action signals

Y%SW0201%SW0202

%SW0200Y

Y%Z011101%Z011102

%SW0203

.

.

.

.

.

.

03

%Z011103 NN

01 02

02 03 04



Basic operation 6:

Step label 00 is executed at each period. The step 00 can be described only at the head of a sequence table group. * 1. The step 00 cannot be described as a next step label.

* 2. The step 00 cannot be described on an extended sequence table.

The step 00 as well as the current step 03, conditions are tested. If conditions of step 00 are satisfied, actions are executed.

Current step.

C01

C32

A01

A32

THENELSE

00 04RuleStep

Condition signals

Action signals

Y%SW0201%SW0202

%SW0200Y

Y%Z011101%Z011102

%SW0203

.

.

.

.

.

.

03

%Z011103 N

YY

N

01 02

02 03 04


Example of Step SequenceThe start push button initiates charging and discharging processes.Sequence specifications:

1. The start push button turns ON, the valve A opens to fill water in the tank. When the tank is full, (the switch A turns ON) the valve A closes.

2. The start push button turns ON again when the tank is full, the valve B opens. When the discharging process ends, (the switch B becomes OFF) the valve B closes.


Example of Step Sequence

Charging process (step A1)

Rule number 01

Rule number 02

Rule number 03

Rule number 04

Discharging process (step A2)

Close


Example of Step Sequence

Description of the sequence with a sequence table.

B


Condition and Action Signal Allocation

The sequence table block (ST16) has 32 condition signals and 32 action signals (default). However, allocation of the number of signals can be changed in the 8-signal unit with the signal selection dialog in the function block detail definition builder.

No. of condition signals No. of action signals

8 5616 4824 4032 (default) 32 (default)40 2448 1656 8


Logic Chart Block


PART-E 5

Logic Chart Block


Logic Chart Block (LC64)

A logic chart block is the function block that describes the relations of the input signals, the output signals and logic calculation operators in the interlock dialog form.

An architecture of LC64 logic chart block shown below:

J32Q32

A logic chart block LC64 has 32 inputs, 32 outputs and 64 logic elements.


Logic Chart Example

The figure below shows an example of the logic chart:


Outline of Logic Chart

• Order of logic calculation:For the execution of logic calculation, the matrix expansion or the manual expansion can be selected.

• Comment:For the input signals or output signals, their service comments can be described up to 24 characters.

• Logic chart area:Logic calculation process can be expressed in logic chart diagram form.

• Condition/Action signals:The input/output information such as tag names, data items or other specific condition/action scripts should be entered.


Creating a Logic Chart Block

• Logic chart edit window:From the selection dialog, select LC64 to display a logic chart edit window.


Logic Chart Processing Flow

The figure below shows a logic chart processing flow:

• Input processing:The condition test is performed on the input signal.

• Logic calculation processing:The logic calculation is expressed by combinations of logic operators.

• Output processing:The status manipulation sends commands such as data setting or status change to the contact output terminals or other function blocks.


Logic Operation Elements

Logic operator Symbol Action Notes

ANDLogic product(Max. inputs 21.)

ORLogic sum

(Max. inputs 21)

NOT Negation

SRS1-R

SRS2-R

Flip-flop(Reset dominant)




Wipeout

OND

SRS1-S

SRS2-S

Flip-flop(Set dominant)

OFFD

WOUT (W.O)

ON-delay timer

OFF-delay timer

tIN

OUT

tIN

OUT




ComparatorCMP-GE

TON

TOFF

One-shot(Rise trigger)

CMP-EQ

CMP-GT Comparator

Comparator

One-shot(Fall trigger)

IN

OUT

IN

OUT

1 scan

1 scan


Wipeout Operation

A logic table and an equivalent circuit of the wipeout (WOUT) is shown below:

OUTS

R

One wipeout operation is counted as two logic operation elements.


Internal Timer Operation

Operation diagram of the timer is shown below:


Execution Order

For the execution of logic calculation, the matrix expansion or manual expansion can be selected.

• Matrix expansion:Logic operators are executed from the left column to the right, and from the upper element to the lower in the same column.

• Manual expansion:The execution order automatically assigned to the logic operation elements according to their position that can be manually changed.

The execution order can be specified on the logic chart edit window. The default setting is the matrix order.


Processing Timing of Sequence


PART-E 6Processing Timing of Sequence


Execution Timing

A sequential control block and a logic chart block have the following four types of execution timing:






Output Timing

• Output only when conditions change (C):The ST16, ST16E blocks output an operation signal only at the

timing when the tested conditions are changed from unsatisfied to satisfied. This output timing can only be specified with the periodic execution (T) or the one-shot execution.

• Output each time conditions are satisfied (E):The ST16 ,ST16E blocks output an action signal every scan period

as long as the tested conditions are satisfied.

For the LC64, logic chart block, only “Output each time conditions are satisfied (E)” can be specified.

The output timing of a sequence table block indicates the conditions under which output processing is performed when the sequence table is executed periodically or as one-shot.


Execution timing and output timing can be used in combination. The table below shows the combination of timings for ST16 and ST16E. Default

Processing Timing



Control Period and Control Phase

• Control period:The execution interval at which the periodic execution type ST16 or

ST16E block executes the sequence table. (Specify the value between 1 and 16 seconds)

• Control phase:The execution timing of the sequence table. It is the execution timing

relative to the execution timing of the phase-zero sequence table.

The control phase can be set on the sequence table, which control period is more than one second.


Control Period and Control PhaseThe sequence table, which control period is 5 sec, and control phase is 3 sec. The table is executed at every 5 seconds interval, 3 seconds after the phase-zero table.

Executed every second.

Executed with 5 sec. control period and 3 sec. control phase.

Base Base Base


Switch Instrument Blocks


PART-E 7Switch Instrument Blocks


Concept of Switch Instrument

Magnet valve with limit switches

Manipulated outputDO001

OPEN

CLOSE

OPEN

CLOSE画面から直接DOを操作してバルブを開閉する

画面から直接DIでバルブの開閉を確認

V1024

AUT

OPEN

CLOSE

Cutoff Valve

The contact output is assigned as the MV of an instrument.

Related contact output and input modules are operated and monitored as a single instrument.

The contact input is assigned as the PV of an instrument.

Monitoring inputDI001


Structure of Switch Instrument

Remote output value

OUTIN

INT

TSI

SW1

Answerback input function

CAL

Answerback check function

Remote/Local input function

Output signal conversion function

BPSW=0

Sequence setpoint

Conformity check of PV and MV after answerback check suppression time.

Answerback bypass function

PV

BPSW=1

BPSW=0 BPSW=1

ROUT

MAN

CAS,AUT

MV

CSVRMV

RSW

Remote(0) / Local(1)Answerback (PV) Output (MV)

Answerback bypass

Mode change interlock


Concept of Switch InstrumentTAG NO.

AUT

OPEN

CLOSE

xxxxxxxx

MAN

Local operation board

Open

Close

Limit switch

Functions of switch instrument

Instrument faceplateThe switch instrument block

(SIO-22) manipulates a valve by its output (MV) and confirms the status of the valve by the limit switch input (PV).

Answerback check function

Sequence table

AUT

LOCAL

MV PV PV=0: OFFPV=2: ON

MV=0: OFFMV=2: ON


Answerback Check and Types

Switch instrument types:The following 10 types of blocks are provided.

SI - 1 SI - 2 SO - 1 SO - 2SIO – 11 SIO – 12 SIO – 21 SIO - 22SIO – 12P SIO – 22P

Block symbols: SIO – 22P

Switch instrument Input Output No. of input No. of output Pulse I/O

Answerback check function:The answerback check function checks if final control elements such as a valve is working as specified by the output from the switch instrument block.If there is any inconsistency between the answerback input value (PV) and the manipulated output value (MV), the answerback error alarm (ANS+ or ANS-) occurs.As it takes a certain length of time from changing the manipulated output value to completing the final control element operation, answerback check suppression time (MTM) can be specified.


Creation of Switch Instrument

An example of the selection dialog and the definition window of the switch instrument.

The detail specification definition window of the switch instrument has the switch position label definition. The position label can be selected for the process I/O instrument types.

See PART-ENG “Switch Position Label.”


Timer Block


PART-E 8Timer Block


Timer Block (TM)The timer block (TM) measures time in the unit of second or minute. In addition to the basic elapsed time measuring function, it has the preset timer function, which notifies time-up when a specified time elapsed. It has the function of periodic action too.

Function block diagram

OUTPV

(CTUP)

Counting process


OP: OperationSTART: Start/stop action

Start command

%SW0500.PV ON

TM100.BSTS CTUP

TM100.OP START

Y

Y

Y

N

An example of the timer block operation.

Timer count-up

Stop command

Timer start/stop

Timer start switch

%SW0500.PV H NStart switch off

Processing Timing: TC


Action of Timer BlockWhen the timer block receives an action command, the block status changes according to the command. When a start command is given, the block resets the elapsed time (PV), and starts counting.

Preset value (The time up to time-up.)

Pre-alarm value

Counted time

Deviation (PH-PV)


Timer Restart Action

When the timer block in pause status receives the restart command, the counting action is restarted. (Elapsed time is not reset.)

NR


Condition and Action Signals

Tag name.Data item Data Action rule TM0002.OP START Y (N for stop)TM0002.OP STOP YTM0002.OP WAIT Y (N for restart)TM0002.OP RSTR Y

Timer Start ActionTimer Stop ActionTimer Pause ActionTimer Restart Action

Tag name.Data item Data Condition rule TM0002.BSTS (Block status) Y / N

The following describes examples of the timer condition and action signals can be specified in the sequence table:


Software Counter Block


PART-E 9Software Counter Block


Software Counter Block (CTS)In addition to the basic counting function, the software counter block (CTS) has the preset counter function, which notifies the count-up when the block counted the specified value.

Function block diagram

PVCounting process


ACT: ActionON: Update, OFF: Stop

%SW0502.PV ON

CT100.ACT ON

Y

Y

YCT100.ACT OFF

Update commandStop command

Y

Counter count-up

Counter update

Counter stop

Update switch

%SW0501.PV H N

Processing Timing: TE

An example of the soft-counter block operation.

CT100.BSTS CTUP

%SW0501.PV ONStop switch

%SW0502.PV H

Y

N


Action of Software Counter BlockThe software counter block (CTS) updates the count value (PV) upon receiving the operation command and changes the block status. When the operation command is received, if the block status is STOP, the count value is reset (PV=1).

Preset value (Count-up value)

Pre-alarm value

Counted value

NR


Condition and Action Signals

Tag name.Data item Data Action rule CTS001.ACT ON YSoft-counter Update Action

Soft-counter Stop Action

Tag name.Data item Data Condition rule CTS001.BSTS (Block status) Y / N

The following describes examples of the soft-counter condition and action signals can be specified in the sequence table:

CTS001.ACT OFF Y


Relational Expression Block


PART-E 10Relational Expression Block


Relational Expression Block (RL)The relational expression block (RL) is executed during the condition testing for a sequence control block such as a sequence table, or for a calculation block. It tests the numerical relationship or the logical product of two data, according to the relational expression in the block, and returns the result whether it matches for the conditions to the calling function block.

Flow AFlow B

RV01

RV02(X01)

RV31

RV32(X16)Flow C

2.50

FlowFlow A

Flow B

Flow A (RV01) > Flow B (RV02)

Flow A (RV01) < Flow B (RV02)


Relational Expression Block (RL)

There exists two types of the relational expressions:The numerical comparison operation between two data and the logical product operation of two data.

• Numerical comparison (CMP):Performs the numerical comparison of two data. It tests if the

relationship matches for the relational expression and returns a logical value.

e.g. FIC101.PV > FIC102.PV

• Logical product (AND):Computes logical products of two data by bit. It returns true if at

least one bit satisfies the relational expression.

e.g. %CI0100.PV & %CI0101.PV


Relational Expression Block (RL)

Selection of the operator.

RV01 RV04

X 01

The definition of the relational expression block and the description on sequence tables:

The defined relational expressions are described on the sequence table as follows: RL0100 is a user tag of the relational expression block (RL).

The figure below shows an example of the relational expression definition.

RL0100.X01

TM100.OP

Y

Y

Y

N

RL0100.X01

GELT

START

RV03 RV02

X 02

[Data Expression (Numerical)] GT: Greater thanGE: Greater than and equalLT: Less thanLE: Less than and equalEQ: Equal

DataTag, Data item


Auxiliary Blocks


PART-E 11Auxiliary Blocks


Creation of Sequence Auxiliary

The sequence auxiliary blocks are registered from the Select Function Block dialog. There are two folders; Sequence Elements 1 and Sequence Elements 2.

Sequence Elements 1:TM (Timer), CTS (Soft-counter), CTP (Pulse counter), CI (Code input), CO (Code output)

Sequence Elements 2:RL (Relational expression), RS (Resource scheduler), VLVM (Valve monitor)


Sequence Auxiliary Blocks

Besides the timer (TIM), soft counter (CTS) and relational expression (RL) blocks, the following sequence auxiliary blocks are provided:Pulse train counter (CTP): This block counts the number of pulse input signals. It also has the preset counter function.

Code input (CI): This block converts the digital input signal into code value (PV). Either “no-conversion “ or “BCD-conversion” is selectable.

Code output (CO): This block converts the integer value, which is set as the setting code value (PV). Either “no-conversion “ or “BCD-conversion” is selectable.

Resource scheduler (RS): This block is used to manage the utilization of limited plant resources.

Valve monitor (VLVM): This block handles 16 sets of input signals independently, performing valve operation monitoring and message output for each input signal.

See IM33S01B30-01E PART-D D3-7 to D3-12.


Code Input Block (CI)

The CI block is a function block that converts the digital input signal into code value (PV). The conversion of digital input signals to input code values (PV) includes “No-conversion” in which the signal pattern is interpreted as a binary number, and “BCD conversion” in which it is interpreted as a BCD (binary coded decimal) code.

The Code Input Block (CI) inputs the contact signals that continue for the number of input signal points from the element of the input destination specified in the IN terminal. The first element corresponds to the most significant digit.

The input signal points are set by the Function Block Detail Builder.• Number of bits input: 0 to 18 points

Up to 16 points in the case of “no conversion”Default is 0.

The following describes an example of specifying the code input block one-shot execution in the action signal column of the sequence table.


Code Input Block (CI)

The figure below shows examples of encoding when “no conversion” and “BCD conversion” are specified.


Code Output Block (CO)

The Code Output Block (CO) is a function block that converts the integer value which is set as the setting code value (PV). Converting of the setting code value (PV) has “no conversion,” which outputs the integer value in binary, and “BCD conversion,” which outputs after converting into binary coded decimal (BCD) options.

The output signal points of the Code Output Block (CO) are set by the Function Block Detail Builder.• Number of bits output: 0 to 18 points

Up to 16 points in the case of “no conversion.”Default is 0.

The following describes an example of specifying the code output block one-shot execution in the action signal column of the sequence table.


Code Output Block (CO)

The figure below shows examples of encoding when “no conversion” and “BCD conversion” are specified.

When six points from %SW0100 are specified for CI001, %SW0100 to %SW0105 will be subject to the code output. If the bit inversion is specified as “Non-reversed” and code output is performed with the settings of CO0001 and PV=21, the ON/OFF statuses of the %SW0100 to %SW0105 are as shown in the figure above.


Valve Monitor Block (VLVM)

The Valve Monitor Block (VLVM) is used to monitor whether the final control element (valve) is operating properly.

Action verification timers provide the grace time for the operation lag of the final control elements.

An example of connection of the valve monitoring block.

The representative abnormal state (PVR) is determined by the logical OR of individual valve abnormal statuses (PV01 to PV16).


PART-E-Lab

Engineering CourseLaboratory Exercise


Cascade Loop Creation

%Z011105 %Z011104

S’ry controller

Furnace

PID

FIC100

Fuel

OUT IN

Input module terminal number

Output moduleterminal number

%Z011103

Input moduleterminal number

P’ry controller

PID

TIC100

Product

OUT

IN

SET


Ratio Control Loop Creation

F1

FIR200

FIC200PID

RATIO

%Z011108

%Z011109 %Z011110

F2

SETIN

IN OUT

OUT

RATIO (SV)

Measuring range (PV): 0.0 – 100.0 M3/H

Measuring range (PV) : 0.0 – 10.0 M3/MRatio set range (SV) : 0.00 – 0.50Ratio gain (KR): The value to be calculated.


Ratio Set Block (RATIO)

CALCn=KR • SVe • PVn+BIAS

CALCn: Current calculated output valuePVn: Current process variableSVe: Effective ratio setpoint valueKR: Ratio gainBIAS: Bias value


Cascade Signal Distribution

TIC301PID

%Z011106

IN OUT

Measuring range (PV): 0.0 – 400.0 DEGC

Measuring range (PV) : 0.0 – 10.0 DEGC

SV range (SV): 0.0 – 100.0 %

%Z011111 %Z011112

TIC302PID

SETIN OUT TIC303

PID

%Z011113 %Z011114

SETIN OUT

FOUT300FOUT

SET

J01 J02

Measuring range (PV): 0.0 – 200.0 DEGC

MV range (MV2): 0.0 – 400.0 DEGCMV range (MV1): 0.0 – 200.0 DEGC


Cascade Signal Distributor Block (FOUT)

Range Conversion Output Distribution

MSHn and MSLn automatically agree with the scale high limit and low limit of the output destination via the output range tracking function.


Sequence Table Creation

ON

OFFOFF

3 s

ON

OFFOFF

Reset start

Count up (CTUP)

ON

OFFOFF

Start switch SW445

Switch SW446

Timer TM001

Switch SW447


Sequence Table Creation (2)

Start switchSW450

Repeat 3 times(Counter)5 s Timer

settingSW451

SW452

SW453

SW454

SW455

SW456

Operator guide%OG0001


Sequence Table Creation (3)Modification of the sequence table ST001.

[ST001-PB] Detection table Processing timing: TE

[ST001] Execution table Processing timing: TC

xx: Specify the step label using 2 or less alphanumeric characters.

Detection table action description

One shot action



Start detection

Start switchON

SW445.PV.O N

Y

Sequence running

Start switch : OFFSW445.PV.H : N

Start switch : OFFSW445.PV.H : N

Execution table starting step (A1) startsST001.SA.A1 : Y

Output op. guide “Operation miss!”

%OG0002.PV.NON : Y

ST001.MODE.AUT

Y

N

N

Start instruction detection[ST001-PB]

ST001.SA.A1 : YCondition of the A1 (Start) step in ST001 is unconditionally satisfied.Start operation is executed.



Stop detection

Stop switchON

SW444.PV.O N

Y

Sequence running

Stop switch : OFFSW444.PV.H : N

Stop switch : OFFSW444.PV.H : N

Execution table stop step (SP) startsST001.SA.SP : Y

Output op. guide “Operation miss!”

%OG0002.PV.NON : Y

ST001.MODE.AUTN

Y

N

Stop instruction detection

[ST001-PB]

ST001.SA.SP : YCondition of the SP (Stop) step in ST001 is unconditionally satisfied.Stop operation is executed.


Calculation Function Creation

TI003CALCU-C

LI003PVI

TI003HPVI

TI003MPVI

TI003LPVI

40%

70%

Q03Q02

Q01

PV

IN IN IN IN

PVPVPV

IN

Levelindicator

Low leveltemperature

indicator

Medium leveltemperature

indicator

High leveltemperature

indicator

Reactor


Calculation Program

Comment

output


Logic Chart Creation (1)

Input ElementsInput1 Logic Elements Output Elements

Output1

SW301.PV.ON

SW302.PV.ON

SW303.PV.ON

SW304.PV.ON

SW305.PV.ON

SW304.PV.L

SW305.PV.L

Ｒ

S2

SRS2-ROR

AND

AND

OND

OND

1

2

Comments

Comments


Logic Chart Creation (2-1)


Graphic ExerciseStation Number HIS0124

(Left hand side, Odd No.PC)HIS0123

(Right hand side, Even No. PC)

Window name

TRAINOV-A TRAINOV-B

TRAINCG-A TRAINCG-B

TRAINGR-A TRAINGR-B

TRAINORGR-A TRAINORGR-B

Tag nameFBS101-A FBS101-B

LAG109-A LAG109-B


Graphic Exercise


Arithmetic Calculation and Logic Operation


PART-F



CS1000/3000 Engineering Course TextbookPART-F Arithmetic Calculation and Logic Operation

Reference: IM33S01B30-01EPART-D Function Block Details, D2 Arithmetic Calculation, Logic Operation

F1. Arithmetic Calculation, Logic Operation PositioningF2. Structure of Calculation BlocksF3. Types of Calculation BlocksF4. General Purpose Calculation Block



Arithmetic Calculation, Logic Operation Positioning


PART-F 1Arithmetic Calculation, Logic Operation Positioning


The arithmetic calculation and logic operation function blocks perform general-purpose calculation processing, such as numerical calculation, analog calculation and logical calculation for the input signals to the block.

Calculation Block Positioning

FCS


I/O interfaces


Structure of Calculation Blocks


PART-F 2Structure of Calculation Blocks


IN

SUB

Q01

RV

P01

CPV

Q07

OUT

J01

Jn

P08

RV1

RＶ7

CPV1

CPV3

Input processing

Output processing

Calculation processing

Structure of Calculation BlockThe calculation blocks receive analog signals (and status signals) as input values, and perform calculations according to the set parameters.

Receives a signal from the Input terminal and outputs a calculated input (RV).

Reads the calculated inputs (RV to RV7) and performs calculation to output the calculated outputs (CPV to CPV3).

Reads the calculated output (CPV) and outputs a calculation result to the destination of the output terminal as an output.


Types of Calculation Blocks


PART-F 3Types of Calculation Blocks



General-purpose calculation blocksCALCU: General-purpose calculation blockCALCU-C: General purpose calculation block with string I/O

According to the data type and calculation capability, the calculation function blocks are classified into arithmetic calculation blocks, analog calculation blocks, general-purpose calculation blocks and calculation auxiliary blocks.

Arithmetic calculation blocksADD, MUL, DIV, AVEAnalog calculation blocksSQRT, LAG, DLAY, LDLAG, AVE-MLogic operation blocks (CS3000 only)AND, OR, NOT, EQ

Calculation auxiliary blocksSW-33, SW-91, DSET, ADL

See IM33S01B30-01E PART-D Function Block Details, D2 Arithmetic Calculation, Logic Operation. See also Supplements VIII. Calculation Function Blocks.


Types of Calculation BlocksAn arithmetic block, typical analog calculation blocks and a calculation auxiliary block are shown below:

Addition block (ADD) First-order Lag block (LAG)

Lead / Lag block (LDLAG)Integration (INTEG)



Three-pole three-position selector switch block (SW-33)Temperature and pressure

correction block (TPCFL)

Dead time block (DED) Moving average block (AVE-M)


Creation of Calculation Block

General-purpose calculation block selection window

The user defined calculation program must be created.

Calculation program description window


Calculation Block Application Example

FI100

ADD

Raw material line 1

FAVE101

AVE-M

IN

PV

FIC101

PIDIN

FAVE102

AVE-M

IN

FIC102

PIDIN

IN Q01

PVTotalized raw material

flow meter

Moving average

Moving average

Raw material line 2


General Purpose Calculation Block


PART-F 4General Purpose Calculation Block


IN

Q01

RV

P01

CPV

User defined calculation processing

Q07

OUT

J01

J03

P08

RV1

RV7

CPV1

CPV3

Input processing

Output processing

SUB

General Purpose Calculation BlockThe general purpose calculation block is the function block that is used to define arbitral calculation algorithm.

For CALCU-C block, RV4 to RV7 and CPV2 to CPV3 are the character string data.

Calculation parameters:For CALCU-C block, P05 to P08 are the character string data.


General Purpose Calculation Block

The general purpose arithmetic expressions are used in order to define the calculation algorithm of the general-purpose calculation blocks, CALCU and CALCU-C.

• Data items of an arbitrary function block can be referred to or setthrough the I/O terminal of the general-purpose calculation block.

• Arithmetic expressions which handle character strings such as messages and block modes can be described.

• Processing such as conditional jumps can be described by using control statements.

• Built-in functions which execute calculations for the temperature correction or pressure correction and so on can be used.

See Supplement VIII. Calculation Function Blocks.


Arithmetic Expression Structure

An example of the structure of general-purpose arithmetic expressions is shown below:

Program* Beginning of arithmetic expressions.Integer I001, I002, I003Float F001, F002

TIC100.VN=FIC100.CPV*F001 ! Data set{SW100.SV.3}={TIC100.MODE.AUT} ! Operation controlTIC100.SV=25.0 ! Data set

* End of arithmetic expressions.End

Executable statements

Max. 20 lines

Comment Max. 250 lines

Allowable number of lines of executable statements is about 20 lines for the statement like A=A1+A2+A3+A4.

Declaration statements

Comment

See Supplement VIII. 2. General Purpose Arithmetic Expressions.


Arithmetic Expression ExampleAn example of general-purpose expression:

Program* Beginning of arithmetic expressions. Integer I001, I002, I003Float F001, F002

TIC100.VN = FIC100.CPV*F001 ! Data settingTIC100.SV = 25.0

* End of arithmetic expressions.End

Identifiers: Character strings that represent variables and labels.Constants: Character strings that represent values themselves.

Local variables

I/O variables

A variable: Data that has a name and a data type. There are two types: Local variables and I/O variables.

An operator: Anything that designates an action to be performed.

OperatorConstant


Control Statements

The control statement is a statement for controlling the execution order of arithmetic expressions.

There are four kinds as shown below:

• if statement: Condition testing

• switch statement: Multiple-branch processing

• goto statement: Unconditional jump

• exit statement: Jumps to the “end” statement unconditionally.

e.g. if ( A > B ) then C = D + E


Program Example

* #define: The compiler control instruction for character string substitution.

A program that calculates tank temperature according to the liquid level of the tank is shown below:

*

output


Sequence ConnectionArithmetic expressions can describe a sequential control same as a sequence table.

Program

{SW100.SV.3} = {TIC100.MODE.AUT}

End

An example of sequence connection expression:

* For easier maintenance, it is recommended that the arithmetic expression blocks should be used for calculations and substitutions of data, and the sequence table blocks should be used for operation controls.

I/O variables are sandwiched with ‘{‘ and ‘}’.

TIC100.MODE. AUT Y

SW100.SV. 3 Y

Description with ST-16.


PART-F Lab. Exercise

Fundamental CourseLaboratory Exercise


Laboratory Exercise

Reactor A Reactor B

Tag name e.g.

******-ATIC102-A

******-BTIC102-B

Overview window REACTORSREACT-A-OV

REACTORSREACT-B-OV

Control window REACT-A-CGREACT-A-CG2

REACT-B-CGREACT-B-CG2

Graphic window REACT-A-GR REACT-B-GR

Trend window TG0101TG0501

TG0111TG0511

Function keyCall REACT-A/B-GRCall REACT-A/B-OVCall REACT-A/B-CGCall REACT-A/B-CG2Call TG0101/0111Call TG0501/0511Call sequence table

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Odd No. PC(HIS0124)

Even No. PC(HIS0123)

TCPJT is installed only in HIS0124.


Laboratory Exercise


Laboratory Exercise

Window call menu

Toolbox

Operation menu

YOKOGAWA CENTUM CS3000 System Engineering Training Power Point

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