VOL. XIII.

THE PA(;IFI(; NORTHWEST.

DESCRIPTION OF THE GJUlAT00 £.tJIlIBIAN REGION.

Part'eolia _.. to Climate. Soil. Pro­.."•. B. ODiClI•• lhatJlIticII.Faew.

aDd Iaeld__ o-ceralagOregoa aDd Wuhlagtoa.

From thf Will_moLt. ~rmer of nee. 3, 1880.

1NTROOUCTOR.T.

.We IhaH attempt, in a serie'J of arti.cles tobe published in the \Yll.l.AMK1"'I'B FARMER, towri~ of the great region now growing up inthe Pacific Northwest, on the w"'~l'l!I of theCulumbia and its trihutarlcfl, (.'O\·eru18 An ex­teat of country that will in time become anempire in its importanc~, And which the enter­prise of leatling cl\pitalists of onr own andother landl is siuldenly developiug' by a l!I}'"tern of internal improvementl!l tha.t will. w.ithin"wo ye&r8 from thi.ll time. bring Doll this regionwithin .railroad reach of the city tlf Portland,where the bnsines!\ of the No: th Padfic cen­tres now, and must centre through all the fu·ture_ This auuden inroad of enterprise is aa­tonilhing the inJand regions, that have hither­to been ollly roaming ground for herds Rndfiocka, .nd WIll open up tocliltivation and flet­tIement fertile 1L1lI1 d slrahl", l\gl'icultural dis·tricts that ca.nnot be l:lurpl\8scrl on the face ofthe earth. Our sketches vnll illchule all thewide scope of country draiOl..d by the Colum·bia., the lands of EMt I'D Ol'~goll and \Yash­illgton, the valleys of \Vcstt'I'U OI"(~gO:I, PugetSound, the wide And, ul1\lt!vcloped etl'etch ofmountain. and valleys in SoutllCI'U Oregon and"he attrat.1:ive portions of our State and Wash·ington Territory that. lie along the CoRS~

tow&rds the Pacific. \Ve shall cl1dell\'or to dosimple justice to 6very section emLr-J.coo with·in this'wide scope of territory. and not onlydescribe ita physical 3ppCarDoIl(;e and natumlresources, but furuiah statistics that will showall fa.et. or importance elicited lJy the l:Ltecensus.

TRUTH, NOT FHJ'l'ION.

We enter upon this work deterndned to 110

it the best justlce possible with the means athand, and in tl~e Ilune spirit of fAolrnelll1ll weha.ve always shown in writing of Ore~m a.llllWa.shington in our journal. \Ve ha\'e De\'Crpubliehed exaggerated or too flattedng ac­

couDts, believi.ug that more is to be gained hytruthful and modern.te l!It..'ltelnente thAn bygiving such a glORl!I to plain fad:i thl\t hone!'ltlI1en cannot recog.ize them. \Ye "ave nevereent a. sin~le flta.temcnt forth ill t"n yoors tllathal been untrul!Itworthy, an(1 we hll\'e til(; samcconecientioUl determina.tion no..... , whell wecommence the publiCt\tion of what we illtClulsliall be "fuU review of every pnrt, of tlu~~c

r::Mi~ for gcneral circulation throllgh t!leUnited Statee. \Ve undertake it for the pur­poee of rJrording aU thn!!le who wilth, the meansto senffull facte concerning {our North Pacificworld back to their friends, when thesk.tdwslhall be oompleood and published together inODe number, which will be within two monthlltime.

THB BAILBOAD ERA..

There never wa. a time, before this. in theh.ietcwy of the Pacific Northwest when our re­gioD held on' 10 many inducementl!l for .ettle·mGt. We have beeD wa.iting all tbeBe yearsfor the era of improvement t.&t has existed~here to overtake us. But we have been10 diltan$ and remote from thegTeat thorough.

faree of vavel that population l1ua Ht.UlIIlCtI

UI. Disappointment after flisappoiutnwnt hasthwarted our hopes; projected enterlwi:;t:(; Jll\Ve

dragged ,10w)y, 10 that in great part tile fn.cil·itiea of transportation we poS8es8 arc tho~e

that have gradually developed witb the coun·try. Communication with the outeitle wQrltlh.. ~e8y been by way of Ban Francisco, andthi. l'e'[ion, that wu beFeved to be of Vl'eatnational importance before California beCAmeIon AmeriO&D poaeuion, IUld to which. tran8­continental nWroad "AI projected in 1840, tobe built by mealll of .. national 8ubsidy, b..been the IMt to realize Inob IUlticipatiou. Thewriter of \hi, rememben readiDg in newspa­pers, forty yean &Q'Q, of \Vhitney'fl project lorbuilding t\ railroad to Ore~otl. which was muchdj8cu~1 at thflt time, Bllt the yeaN! luwe8own, Oregon hM developef) ~lowly. raih'Ol\flcommunication with the ~;''Ultern State" hasbee. long coming. and is not here yet. nntWe can l!Iee ita approach; the work is going 011

rapidly among us. Already over 800 mile'" ofrailroad has been cOlIstructeO in Oregoll a\lll\V..hiD~n, and with work urged rapidly ateach er.{l of tile long line we can now snfelypredict that 1883, at farthest. will s~t.! throughconnection by more than ,one railro;\tl to the~t. That is nil our CHtllltry I\eell~ to plaecit on the top wavc of pt'osperity, 8-nd It 1111l8tbe evident to a.1I that the time to cOllie Ilcreanel secure the greatest henefita is before theway il!l made f"MV for nil comers. The~e factswill be m&rle pll,\iner in detail as we 'Prol'ced,but they need to lJc bornein mind from thn fir~t.

There i~ no portion of the United Stftttls whercimpro\'ement and d~\'elopmellt now ~o on, all)'more rapidly thn.n with nl!l. H.a.i1roaIIM Me IlOW

buiJlling in many tlirections and others nrc pl'O­jectl-od. The comprchen~iverlel'lign~ of II\(~U ofgreat sa.gacity allli enterpriso lonk to the COil'stzuction of roads to a.11 pnrb of Oregon an.1Wuhington within two ymmll, ~o that evcryprollucttve region will he within e:\~;.... I"tll\ch ofmarket. The chl\nge alrea.<ly "lieete'l Ill~elll~

like magic, and we know that the work is tobe pushed forwanl ill nil dircctiolls. EasteruOAPJtaJista, hAving 'ritfited this re,l{ion, hwebecome thoroughly convinced of its weat im­portance and vaat r8S0urcee, and there is aeUife between difft:reut corporations to OCC1.lp"the field And reap the great IlRrVt)Kt of th,~ fu·ture. A country that ca.pital is 80 ea(,l.'er todevelop is surely one where fl\rmer~ CHoll a.llonlto C&ft'y on "he work 01 prmlnctiou with 8aft:ty.

FROM 1850 '1'0 1880.

One who bM for thirty yean watched thegrowth of the North Pacific region; who wa.~

here when Oregoo City wns its chief 'J\leillCll~

tOwn and Vancou..er· was atill the heAdquar.ten of the immense trade of the Hudeon's HayCompany; who flAW the first stCtlmship co.meup the Willamette from the ocel\n to l'ol'tbull,and has scen this city grow frum doul.t:i altlluncertainty that clouded its et'lrly days I\ullclaimed for other, now llllknown; point.. thl'greatntl88 of futnre commel'ce, until to.day ithas dista.nced them all :wli i'1 thl~ Clllllltll'r,.l.;1centre of the vMt'Colutllbian l"tlgivll, uatllmllycompares the futuro with the pa~t and \\"111\­

den what another thirty yeal's will accolllp:lShfor this much favored country. The day ofuDoertainty is paet and tho activity and llev81·opment ot to-day indicate that all that 11l~I1lAn

enterpriee can do will be done to make kllOWIlthe resources of this great region: to builtlhere prosperous communitiee Rnd give oppor­tunity and encouragement to all thc ill,hl!!lI"\'ic,"Itha.t dietingnish a.nd enrjch the most fl\Vtlll.:lllportiol18 of the East. .

It is de.irable to have a true ami impart-ilildescription given of the North l'aeinc coli II try,setti~ forth i.~ many. resouft~t:"s; it~ vnricIIl,)>iof soil and chmate; IbJ well estabhshcd pro·

lluctl; wh,.,t CII.II be done, as well &II what hallJeM dOlle, antI the meanl!l of wealth that arewaitiug for the hand of lAbor to deyelop them.It i9 tile I>oorel!lt policy in the world to over­t'i'timM.te suy couutry or to ovet'State ita re·llIourC81 Rnd advantaRes and 10 eDdeavor to in·dnce emi,i(Tation by (alse repreaentatioDl. Allour COUll I'y requires il!l to 1)$ kDown ,on it. act·ual merits. There i. no earthly 'paradite tbatwa.itR for the comin~ of man to OCCUpf andenjoy A life withont labor or bardshipt, butthere art yet regions to be tilled up that pot­leU the charm of newneae and otTer rich re·wardl!l from virgin BOilt, aDd of all regions thatto-day in\'"ite settlement and offer Mtiafactoryte\\"tW'tl1 fur industry a.nd enterpriae, and arehleS8l.'d with healthful climate, we claim thatDOlle eM exceed and few can equal the oatural&llv'lIltagel that belong to the Pacitic Nor1Ib·wen.

THE ERA. o. ».nLOPSK.rr.

The·city of Portland,'situated on the wn·lanlette twelve mile. aboYe ite oenfhaenoewith the Columbia river, ia the commercialmetropoo. of the wide Columbiau. region,reAching from Briti.b poeeeIBiou to the Cali­fornia line, from the Rocky Mountain- on theEast to the Pacific ocean on the Weet, con·taining an al'e& which will proTide gr ERt

~tateg awl immense wil'i.lth in the near tuture.The ~I·ll. of tlf:\'elopeOlent that has eommenced1'10 energeti(~Hy of IRte must continue until allpal't.~ of tlli8 rc.gion arc thickly settled andh~\'(~ fAcilities for transportation fully equal toa.1I Ileede. The past thirty years hM'" onlyled UI'I up to the day of grent things: we haveouly ~een a heKinning fRirlv made and fromno\\' o",vtu"fl the world is to know more a.ndmore of liS, and our products will figurell\l'gdy ill the worlll'8 needs. The put thirty\"(~~nl hnyc seen thiS region we ha\'e aHudedt.II gJ'('W from A mere handful in J850 to aljll:\1"tcr of a million, and more inhabitants in'18~O. ]u ISf)() it Wfl.8 all known as OregonAnd the census showed but 13,000 inhabitants.Tlwrc (~l\IllC here during the decade pr.vioU8to 1~;jO a halldful of earliest men who assert·e·l thclI1!'l111\"Cs np:ainst llritisb, Meumption andHceul'cll thig theu cnmrdiveJy ullknownl'egiun M a part of 0111' natlOilal tcnitory. Theml.l·l)' hilttury of Oregon is rich in romance and'he patriotialll of the early pioneel'8 deservesthe hi:..:lwst honor we can bestow.

A PEOPLE TO Bit PROUD OF.

Comp"'I'etl with the growth ef .ll the otherceo·callaO 'Vestern States. we have maderather l!Ilow progrese. California hal .toodl'l"tween us a.ml the great world and held allKhe conlcl from coming to us. The early day.flaw thollsand.s jmtrneying acroee the plaine incaravan8, And many are coming '0 again, butthough the people of tile IIait felt thellJ'eatest interel!lt in Oregon a.nd the romance,A tile early days of our history was repeatedall thl'ou1l:h the 'Vest, yet the long and tediou.trnxcl \\"ae & hinderance to our IIU~eIJ8. Tol'mue here WRS to leave the old civihr.atiol1 ahili:; waylt behind: we grow hut slowly, andh..'l\'C alwtlye IUttl to 8uller froUl 0111' remote­'!f''''1. The great co~t of making the journey\.it-h.l· wit-h fa.milies is aU that has preventedt,he l'ilciJie Northwest from heing to-day peo­pll'd by millions. , UncleI' such circumstancel!lwc hn,ve had comparatively small growth, butthe ucst element of American citizenship hukept steadily comin~ hither, bringing witbthem all th8 good qualities, the energy and('nt("prige that maKe sterling worth morevaluable. \Ve cnn safely claim that Oregonn.1H1 \Vashingtou Territory to-dAy P08Se3S apopulatioll that for moral worth and aU theht~!Ct qutl.1i~ie,l; of citizeus~ip are .not '6xce.n~1ill the Ul11tl~11 States. 'Ihe tourist who VISItsII:'! oftPlI has occasioll to cxprC8s surprise atwhat we have accomplished. \Vlaen Presi­{Iallt Hayes WlL'l her~ he candIdly owned thatin all respocts the country, the 'poopie. thetOWIlS 1\11\1 (;itie~, far exceeded lug eXl)6Cta.tlOtlS: so th~ di!4ta.Jlt citizen who haa it m his

-----mind to COllie hither need not fc·lU' f"I' all tll"tie worth havinp; of life, comftrt, cultllre, ill­tellil(ence and refincmcllt al'l:-i I(m.~ prl-c' flefthim. \Vc coufiden~y at;SCl't tJwt l;I:I' em.lItryfutly equals in every social qll ....lity, ill illt, IIi­,Iotence, ahility and general Jll'ogrl=".t. any of thelIeWel' states, and far exc~C1h; lnlJi'tt ni them.The \Villw.mette vaHey couutil's wiil COlllp,U'O

favoraLly with the b~st portiulls 11[ Lile 1';1\.o::t·ern and Middle Rtate8, and it8loug I<dt1eJnI~llb

and SOCiAl Ol'ganization gives it tl\"l.:ry \·alw\\.,lefeature of the most perma-neut el\·ilizatioll.Of courfle the newer reA'ions En~t of the Cas·cade mountaiDs have to be fwell at an l\..'It1lcrstage of developement. but the people thel"eerect the school h0118e at the Uc.:.!:ining andhave Dot left the true Amet"icfl.lI illea. behinflthem. The cla.es of people who POSgcS8 theenergy and cbaraeter neee~ry to COllie so far,and who frequently I6Crifice so much .to e(;lIlohere are not the ones to sit down tamely wlwnthey ha.ve made their locn.tion, but Imild npthe community from the beginning alld "tri\'tlto make their new homes worth possessing.Our people are gathered from ,.,11 othersectionl and repreeent the entellwiBe of thOflesections_ The vigor and life of 0. new countryis wellwstMR.ed by l!IUch emigraJlt.s. \\'e ofthe Pacitic Northwest feel proud of 0111' peo­pte as weB .. of our country, aUl1 thollle whoseek a home with us net"d not douht that theywill. find kind friends and good ueighLorhool13wben they reach here.

])lFFF.RENCES OF CLIMATY..

In the outlet we mUl!It ca.ll a.ttention to II.

fact that hu never heeD made &ufficientlyplain *0 the outside world, which i~ impre..cegcdwith the idea that Oregon is a land of almostoonltant raibl, aDd ma.ny suppose that thesame characteristics pertain to the wholeterritory of the Columbia aud its t.rilllltari,,!',which is fac from being the truth. 'j i ...... ,·0 ilL'\.

great diversity of soil lUld clinmte thl'(,illghthie region. Atong the coast where the in­8uence of the great Japnu current iii dirl'etlyfelt, the climate il!l humid, and the sca iuOn­euces preva.il l!IO oollflta.nUy that till1 Coastmountain sidel!l facing the occan ne J.:"H"'II aJlSlimmer and 'Viuter: while aho. (J'; 'I' therange, inlRnd between the COMt n:~ '-pl:dll,'iand the almoet inaccessahle rnnge:; that \. ,~l illthe "'estern vallp.y~ aud J'nget ~O,lllc1, I· . t,!JcEa.<rlo - the Cascade lllount..lilo~ -- :'h, .~lln

blt'aellt's the p:\8tures. .Alollg t,III' l~t';1 I: :\i'11through the Puget 80111111 coutry I\IH! tho\VilLunette. Umprjua a.nd ]{ogUL' J~i\'('r y;111,-,p.1'Vinter mins prevail, anl1 these valll'ys arecaUed "web-fout regioIlR." Rogue: HiH!" \"al·Icy, that joins California, ht\~ not so hUlllid achmate A.8 the \'allcys f..'lrthcl" Korth, amiprobably more rain frdLs ill l'ugct ~ouUll thanm the valleYl!l South.

DRY CLllUT& OF TUB 1I41ItRlOR.

Fully two-tbird. of the area of Oregon and\Vashingtoll lies F..a.st of the mighty CMcnderange. The CoMt mountains are low (\Illiluwe no snowy peaks, and thf're I\1"C s('\"C'rnlp&l'lSCB through which the eCi\ hrCf'Zt'S POlll·. 01'

tohe st'M. fl)ga 1'011, flO thnt t1lt~ ..~('a ildltl~l1l'l,:q ;l\"()

strongly folt iu the WlllQUIette ~l'lll(',\', ria :thothey are in the Umpqua Aond Rogue River \·al-.ley8, but East of them all rise the Casca.llemountaine, the Andes of North America, thecontinuatioa of the great Sierra Ne\·e.da rangeof Cfllifornia, and there are no low pa.':l!'l('s illthese mountains through which the winds oftheocean pourtoillfhtellce the clilllateof till' i'l­terior, where the altitude is from bora to fllHl'

thol1sand fcet above the se:J. lenl, ..'11111111 C\'{'l')'

respect the climate ie "ery J.iflcrent frulIl th'ltof the val1eyll Across the nlOllutAill:'l, ollly :~

geographical degree to the '\'estwanl. ~1,(J\~· \.

pca.ks of the grande,t pro/)ol"tiolls 01.1111 ule,:·(;sublime aspect dominate t lis gl"t'at Il1lllltd'lllH

ra.nge n.lld look towar~h the \~-Cl;t COl' live JIU,l~­tired ulll<::l!I 011 a reglOli of nch \'ltll{·y fimrta

WILLAMETI'E "ARMER, PORTLAND, OREGON, 1l'lm. " 1881•.and the prodnou to be derived from i. culti.vation, in which he will naturally expect toengage. He will also wieh to know what de.maud there il for theee ~roduote and to whatmarket they are to be shipped. '

W"~AT GkOWlNO,

Thu gro,'\t Ktaplo of production is wheat,wldch is lIatnrally suited hoth to the soil andclimate tlf every p,lJt of tbie rogion. Th.Wi!l:ulldle v;~lIcy ha~ hecu' croppod in aomeparts for half a cfJIllul'y, as some of the ser­vantB of the J[tlclson Hay Company abandonedtho bu"illeml of hUllting and trapping as farback a.B 18:W, allli eonUllcncecl wheat growingat the deBire of the oompauy.. Since then th.Hallie fiell18 have heeu in almost continuouscultivation, nnd the permnnellt qualities ofrile Imil can \,e llnderstooo fr,om a stll.lementmade to Uli hy HOIl. 1<'. X. Mathieu, a- wealth)"lJIen:llilnt ;Uld fal'mer, who Ih·ell at Buttcville011 FI'I:nch Prairie, fo.Jal·illll CtHlHty, who say'IIC OIVW" thc fil'l~t HeI,1 ever sowed to wheat inOrcgoll, :Lll.] lhat aftlJr it hnd been in continuolJll~ cultivalion fur half a cclltury he summerf..dlr,.,qHI it alld hall a yichl of :15 bu~hels tothc a<...Tc ill IS711. TlJis \!lust have been supe­rior !,(JiI, but it iIluHtrates the great streugthallli prududivcllel;s of tile lallll in the 'Villam­eHe ,·alley. Wh(:at, tilen, is the great stapleof ngt1<.:ultllml production. The present yearthis ri\'cl" wifl scud fmth vel:.\sels hound for allpart.'! (Jf 1':1U'(,pe, crll"1")'iug cig::t million boah·ds of wheat of a fairer ljltality thau allY raisediu the Ullitell Rbi.tcil or California, Thewhctlt of the Wilbnll.lhe valley brings aprcmium ill LivOI'pool of five ceuts a bushelover the hest gtQwn in California, because theflOllr is of hllCh ullusual whitelle8s that Englishhl~k('r!l mix it with darker and strouger gratletto ohtain n ''I'hiwr and more detiiralJle flour.Our whOl\t is a plump berry, and COmpllol"811favoral,l)' witb tho best grown in Englalld, orthe choicest from the best wheat'I5Towingpro\'incca of RUJ'lSia, and is higher priced thantho choicest product of ~J inue6ota, their' 'gilt­edged r, d wlnter." If tile seed grown in theEasten. States is planted here it w-ows plumpawl full, au(l will immediately cLauge andimprove in appearance so that tl'e Ea!lterngrower who fttrnishod the fleed would tlot be­IiC\'C the prOlIuct to be the eame \-ariety_ ToiIIustraUl we will teIl an incident concerningthe first shipment of wheat ever made fromOregon.

FnU5T SUlPMF.NT OF WHEAT FROM ORF.GON.

ltmust have been over twenty, aOlI perhapah'l'enty.five years ago, that ,Mr. JOBeph \Vat'­an enterprising man, who haa dOlle much tedenlopc the oountry and its lltterests, thou~hthe would tr)' a shipment of wheat to NewYork. So he loaded a vessel, anu in due timo,afttJr hAlf circling tlle globe, i~ reached por",and the cargo was ofl'ered for sale. The ap·pearance of tbe wheat was unusual. It ""'"so white and plump aud round thAt peapl.wouldn't beHeve that it was a healthy pro­duct of the soil. An experienced miller guea. professional opioion that the wheat WMI

damaged; that the cargo was wet and th.whel\t lind swelled, ao it was put up for 11&1.under these discouraging circumstances, andthe same miller haA someoneon hand tobus.for himself and bo made a good thing ((rindin,it, and the enterprisillg Ore.i{Ouian who wa.trying in l\ loval way to introduce the product.of 01 egon to the world, pocketed a 10Sll ofahOllt $8,000 aa a reward for his enterprie6.Having heard thill story originally from HOL.John MInto, we afterwardlf inquired of Mr.Watt himself, ana the aho"e is sublltantiall!.correct, thollgh it ia ymrs I!illce we heard Ittolrl. It iIlul!tratefl, in ratherl\ humorous waTtoo, the quality of wheat grown in the CoIIllI1.bialt r~gion.

WOOL GROWING AND SnBBP RUIBANDILY.

We e:reel in another great staple tbatltandein the foremost rank of neceseitiee of com·merce_ Wool growing haa developed into anielmense busines., and the exports of 1880 ofthis product alone reached 8.000,000 pounds,worth over 12,000,000. The enterprise ofwool growers has introduced the b6ltt breedeof sheep, and our fl08_ are graded up to apoint where the wool hAIl become of the mostdesirable quality for manufa.cturelll and ..eau;erly sought by them. The value of sheepin a region that aftorda them feed the yearrouad and offers immense ran,ges woore theyroam with only the care of a ehepherd to keepthem together can be imagined, especiallywhen in addition to tbe natural increase ofthe flock it is seen that the fleece year afteryear pays back, with few exceptions, the en.tire cost of the animal. We O&U only alludeto sheep husbandry briefly in this fntroduciorrchapter, bllt in connection with the detailed,description that wilt follow we sh.11 give fac..relating to sheep hllsba\Jdry as well as of aUother branches of production, in ea.ch sectioaof the Pacific Nortb Wellt. It is found that.where wool is the main object, as is the Ol\86heTe, and where wethers yield the beavieet:fleecee, that the common sheep, wei b~d upwith Merinoes, ie the IRost yrOflta.ble, and inthe grain growing regions 0 the WUlacnettevalley sheep Imsball.dry il found to be all fflIlentAI atd to arood &l[rlcultnre.

that are belted with foresA and threaded withprecious streams; hill and dale in llIost oharm­Ing 8IlCCe-~8ioIlCo1l8titutethe.~e 'Ve.qtern valleys,of1'erillg thestl'OlIgestcontrll.st to tile Illllch widerscope of country tlmt the81~ same snowy peakslook down upon towards the eo,8t. There theformation of the coullll'Y is l1ilrcl'ent, foresteare olaly found in the mountains, or near them.to allY great extent; streams dig dtlt:p chan·uela throngh dry taMe luuus, nlu} the sagebrush plain cxtelills for huudr\'l:ds of miles,often in cOlltignity with rich but narrow val·leys. It is a region where min 8cltlom faBe inIlrofusion, the climate is tlry, the Wiutere arecolder and the Summers warm and parched.Yet this wille rogion has amazingly rich ~il,and the all-prevailing bUllCh-Sr&8s is betterfeed thlln any gra88 we can cultivate. We areIlOW Rimplv illustrating the fact that thismountain wall separatell two regiolls that areutterly dis!limilar in olimate and in aJlJ,>hyei.

. ca.l characteristiC!'!. m the "ery \,eginntn~of1\ description l1f this Northwest- coun~ 1t ilnecessary to have it imprce..qed upon the mindthat this difference in climate exisu.

GREAT VARIETY OPPERED.

In the outset, too we must leam that everyvalley 1Ia.." its characteristiCs of soil and va·rietiee of climate. Each of the Western val·leyl has peculiarities and especial advantages.There iS4\ wOllaerful difference between RogueRiver valley in Southern Ol'egon, and Umpqua...-alley North of it, both being bounded by thesame rauges Ea...,t. and West. Umpqua, againlliifere materially from the Willamette vlllley,which isstill further North, and has peculiaritiesfar different from all the re8t. Then again,the wide interior country offen very'manydifferent aspect..., and varieties of olimateThese we allude to, but will not compare i.detail now, but we wish to impre88 upon theminds of distant readers, for whOle penual.theM sketches are intended, that thie i, awonderful country, extensive enongh to covergreat ohanu;es of climate and difference in reo~OUrce!l, so that the new citizen hal A wid'!lrange to ohoose from. There is not any otherportion of the United Statee that within theName Iindt CQntains such great changes of eli·Illate and varieties of physical coaforma.tion,or that presents euch unlimited rellOnfCOll thatawait developement. It will be our aim tomake all these characteriatiC8 phunly under­stood and so well illustrated that the readerscannot miatake the peculiarties of any llOOtion,or the' immigrant fail to. know the diudvant­age8 he will have to conteDtI wiih.

TRE COA.8T REGION.

AI you sail up the coast from SaD Fran­cisco, you notice that the mountaiUII that rieenear the ocean ahore after awwhile becomewooded, and that the foreate are more deDoleand of lUuch heaviec growth.as you sail North·ward. The d&fker forests tell you that youare lookin~ upon the sbores of Oregon. Allllolong the e,a front river' a.re putting into theocean, or into bays, that are more or 1888 let­tled. Through theee gaps are ecattered set­tlements and the riohest of bottom land.covered sometimes with vine maple or alder.can be had for the clea.ring. On the Southcoast, where the forests are I88S den.e, a con·eideral numher of cattle are kept. In duecourse 0 ' e thie OO&8t region will be a greatdairying country, bec8uee the mieUi from theocean vreser\"e the pastures green all Summerand drIve off the frosta and snow all Winter.Along Y"'here rivers or streams put in arefisheries an1 eannerie8 that are busy in It'AlOnewben salmon run. Saw·mills are at work cut­ting up the interminable forellte, aDd emailvessele ply constant;ly from Rogue Rh'er, andPort Orford, the Coquille, Cooo Bay, the Urn·qua,8iuslaw, Aleoa, Ya<Juina BaV. And 1'illa­mook nay. to San Franolsco or Portland, andemall ocean steamel'8 are used in the sametr3(le. Cuos Bay il famous for lumber and,-'Oat, and it is claimed that more veaeell enterthere than to the Columbia river, but they areof oourse all small and adapted to that trade.Coos Hav will be an important point in thefuture on account of the im'1lense tMlode thatmUilt be etlrried on there always for coal andlumber, though it..., agricultural lands are notextenllive. But &long the coast are eettle.mente, lind plenty of room for more, for goodIflOd waite the hand of the woodman, who h8-.,bllt to clear it to find its reeourcos tnlly in·exhaustable in his lifetime. Yaquina Bay i8another point that promises much and c1aim8much, as it is a u;ood harbor for light d.aftvessels. It is connected by an. easy pa88through the coast range with the Willamette,I\nd a projected railway holds out induce­ments to b~lieve that before long there will bea busines..., point of great importance there,that will be a place for the export of the pro­ducte of the great \ViIlnmettt> valley that ill80 near by. There are numerous paasesthrough the mountains from the 'Vesterll val­leys to the Ol.-ean, and it is safe to say that indue course of time the long line of COlL"t willhe occupied bi' a large and prosperous popula·tion. There IS no reason why, a..., time Jlll.8llesand all tho advantap;es of this coast region Mnbe made available, the bays, nooks, valleyllAn4 benchel of arable land' should not becleared and cultivated, for they ~N among themost productive lanus we have, and beillg' 10near the ocean will have a market close athand. Stock of all kinds thrive along the

COM!, and that inteTest mn,t inctelL8e. Aswe come North we lir:!t ~trike Curry county,which is scantily pOjllllatcll; thclL come toCooe county, with COlll:l Hay, whid. will he av~ry important l}()itlt ill all the f'ltlll'C. Noxtis the coast line of HClItflll 1\1Id Polk colltlti08which lie chioOy ill the \VilIa-mette, but 011thcir oce~1l front il:l Itlcl\~~l an faclial! Il\llevu·tiotl thl\t kotlpl:l (UI t whitel:lottJ()lIlent except ntYaquilla Hay awl Alsea. 'rherfJ i.~ lL COllllta1ltthOtlgh not ll\rgo stl'clun of emi,:'.'lLtinu ti ..d­iug its way illto thef.lQ coast countill8, hut theycannot divert the chicf tiue of emigl"atioll thatflow!lsteadily up the Colllmhiaa1Hl fillt'l1tp thegreat plains, \alleys, and opca hills of I':nst0rllOregon and 'Wallhington. We shall 110t pre·tend to be definite a!'I to the resources anelpopu~tion of thu coast coutlh'Y of Oregoll, he­cause the d88ire for settlelllent there is 1I0t sogred as to other .",ctions, bnt we have pre­sented their case so plaiuly that no mall whofanoies stich a location can fail to recognize allthe ad vantages they po88e8Il.

UI!' THY. COLUMRJA Rt\'ER.

Reaching the Columllia river we cnn see theshorell, aftfor crossing the bar. covered withforests of fir and spruce tlnd scarce Ao sign ofcultivation to be di~c"n·t·ed. On the south isClatlop peninsula, with Fort Stevells, lUtearthwork on the point; Clateop plaius So"thof it are CQveret:l with farllla. Here the soil islight and sandy, for the ridves t at compos",the plaine are successive lea beaches tlll~t theagee have thrown up &II harrier between Asto­ria and the seA. On the North, Cane Hancockfrown.., upon the eutranco, ite summit armedwith 000 pound coh'mlJia.de. The militarypoet is inside the harbor under the lee of thecape. CIOfle by ill Uwaoo, a Summer bathingresort; fiftetln milell &01'008 the bay is Astoriaon a rock.y point that pUlhee out towardll thesea. while the Co1umbia river comee downpast it ill a grand ftow that is eev~ral miles inwidth. Everywhere al'e den.ely wOOlled'bores; occasionally we see saw mills, fieheriee,canneriel and ollee in a while a clearing orriver town, and though we find but f-ow signsof settlement We ktlow tlmt there are valleysamong the Coast moulitaitie that are peopledand cultivated, such .. we have deecribed asto be found,where BtreAoUt. &eek the ocean allailing the COMt. But there ill fill' more objectin cultivating and c1earioll land along theColumbia, as t.he growth of AstoriA., the de­mand. of commerce, the wante of mills, fillb­eriee and cannerie. all make a remuner&tivedemAnd for whatever the farmere of thatregion can produce. Hardy Swedes and Nor·wegiana aettle along th8ll6 valleys and appreci·lite the advant.. they offer. It needs hardlabor to roooem such land, but when redeemedit ie Dear market ed muat alway. grow invalue. -

One hundred milea from Aatoria the Wil­lamette river enten the t'olumbia, above andbelow which point the country is more open,aa We have pUBOO throngh the portion wherethe river cut. through th. Coaet Range andthough the IIhoree are w~ed, and hilla arein the near diata.nce.. there is more oponunityfor eettlement and cultivation than we foundbelow. We are now taking a merely cursoryview of the country 10 aI to 'CCt a .lloneraJlycon-ect idea, but ,hall follow with more de­tAiled description_ Hi i, nec6B8&ly to under­stand that the Columbia will not lZTeet yooreye with an open country alon~ it. bankl;that tlle cultivatable region il!l limIted, and thelAnd all~ the river has to be cleared withhea'Yy labor,· but thill will even:ufLlly be done,and theee lands when cleared will posses.., 1m·menee value. Conaiderable bottom land illfound along the elloree of the Columbia. amton the Cowlitz that cornea in fmm the North.and there are ifllande that overOow at higheatflood which are alaooccupied. About twenty­five milee aooV'O tho Willametto we are con­fronted by the ClUIcaue ]tall(,~e, and the rh'eromerges from the woudrous defile thnt it hascreated to effect its pas..qage through the moetformidahle mountaill wall to be found illNorth America. 'fhi.. great gorge of theColumbia. affords the majestic "collery that hMlll:\(le the river so fall.oull allli well known.We have salle,1 over a hundred and fifty milesfrom the ocean to realize that Bryant in hisyouth, when he wrote of the "continuouswoodll where rolls the Oregon," had an in·spiration that truly picturell the region tha-twa..., then unknown save in a poet's dream.

Away to the the 80utll, cradled Qlllongginnt mountaius, lies the boautiful W illalliettevalley, the garden Ilpot of the Pacific, theEden of Ore"on, extonsive em1ugh to buildbusy cit.ies aliI! maintain a Vtlst population,and already deman.lin,g f(Jr its products theservice of a great fleet of ships thl\t come fromall countrit,,'8 to ascend the Columbia aud \Vii·lamette rivers and bear aWfLY bread'tllffs tofeed the peoples of the Old WorM. '11lis grentva-lley will be described in detail.

WEHTKRN WASHINGTON TERRITORY.

Below the WillAmetto, 00 the NQrth side ofthe Columbia is Kala.mA., the Southerll ter·minus of the Western didafon of thc NorthPacifio Railroad, that connects the Columbiariv~r w~~h Pugat Sound at Tacoma. Thieroad i' !>yer ~ hltOl!red miles 10Dg, winds ")"I

the Cowlitz river pa8~ 1D!P~Y ~u~ farnls,I' ... ,

oroases a rough timbered dlvido thllt separn.tefl

the Columbia from the waten of Puget Sound.and f,hen comes down over gravell)' prairierelloclles to the shores of the inland eea. Agrcat deal of this region is susccptiblo of cul­tivation alililK already lll'tt.1cl1 by hardy pio·Jl(lOre who have uudertaken to make thewil']I,rllllflll hear fruit. Tho Chehalis riverI·i!('~ il' tI,ill llI11llllt.ailhllJllI conntry awl wOI·kllits way rlowl\ to Clray'a Il,u·l,ul., lla\'i~al.1o forK'lIlle dil:lt:\llcn u.llCl "fr"t·llillg 1\ dch cOlllltry forl,IeLtll'lllclit ,Ill ulnlll.{ its bunlcrs. Tile Clle­hnlis cNllItry promii>cs to bevnlllc important illthe ncar flltur,·. Along tlw ueean to the \VeIltof tlli!i road is Shoahvater Bay, famous for ite;r~ters tbat are sent to San Franei!lco alldi Ilrthulil. allll P086es~illg more or less goOt1lall(l along its Hhon'B that will Impport lI.largecOlllllmnity. Small vC<lsels sail f!'Om tide I,ayto gall FraJlci:l:~o ami various other points.A~ we P:'-"lS tip the COlLAt we filllistrenlns ponr­IlJg into the octan fr!lilt the Olymric range,that rilles Iwtweell Pllgt\t Rrlltlu alld theoeean, alill 011 theNe stl"eAolll are valloys whereIlairyh'g 111\11 ~l;t)ck milling lire Sll(JCe~rul1y

carne I ('II. Hnllllllillg Gape Fbttel·Y wecutel" the :-1trai If of Fuen, V fHlC(IU\'cr b);l.lldawl the Hritil:llt flag 011 oue silh~, all,t the soil of\\" llHhiuutlm Territory 011 the other. Thillleads iute.> whtlt is collllilonly known AI

TUB PUGET ~OU!'lD COUN'I'RY.

Where many islands dot the wHoter anll fur­lIiflh hOOl.eII for many people. On tb~ Wellt aswe enter i~ Port Townsend: down the bay t..the left is the promising city of Soo"lo, thatshows more activity than allY other place onthe SHund. Along the shor88 &fe Raw-millsand ship-yards; iron mines are being worked,alld pn:p&ration. making for a rolling mill.The depo.-it of iron ore ie imDlelwe. and in thefuture will he a source of great wealth tothOllO who Ilhall succe88fullv work. it. Backof Seattle, as also at many other points alongthe shores of the Sound. a~ found great bedsof coal of excellent qttality, and All eJ:tenl'liv~

tRlle with San Fraucilco in coal and lumberCOrUltltttte the chief tDdustriee of the country.At the hMd of the Sound are Tacoma, theterlJ1illue of the N. P. R. r.... and Olympia, theState Capitol. The lattor ie the ,,1d6ltt townin the territory, and is a deligbtiul placewith some extent of farming country withineM)' reach. All around the &>und .the shoresare deulely wooded, and the timber i' SllWedup into lumber or cut for .p..... -and ,hippedto the ends of the world.

The Sound country Ie too moi't for wbfl6tto mature alway, with euece~', but is famousfor oa~, hay, pota.toee and other vegetables.In the Puy&llup valley, Eutof Tacoma., manyhope are raised, and are highly appreciated atSan Franoillco becauae of their excellentquality. A barrel factory on &II. .immenaeIlCale IS now in operatioQ at Seattle, and thewealth of foreet will encoa ....p;e all indulltrieeof that sort. There ie 'a eteady increaee ofpopulation on the Sound, and no doubt iuaa~iration, as a commercial poini ha'Ye lOme·thmg to do with thisl{l'GWth. All alon${ theSound 6eheriee and c&.nneriee are in operationwhen filh ron up tbe .teams. We do Dotfind Puget Sound strictlywithin the boundarifllof what we term the great Columbian region,and shall not deal with etatietics &nd descrip·tion '" fully as witb other portions of theNorthw6ltt. We have given a glimp8f:l at thecountry and the people, the indu~triellAnd theproductA, relources and developemente, and itIS a yery attractive picture. It is an intereet.­ing region because of the facilities hereafforded for commerce. The grand snowpl'ak8 that look down npon it---&uch as Ta­coma, Mount Baker, and the serrated eu.­mite 01 the 10ftyOlymt>icr&nge-fonna lconeo'grandeur that astoDiehes all visitors. Theshores are rocky bluffs frequeutly, but IcveJ.for Ilomedistance in many parte. The streamsthat put ill on the ERst side have charmingand fertile vallevs, and are being cleared upami people~ by' very t'nterprising settlers.

'Ve have saaled up the ocean shore in fanoyfor five hUll/Ired miles; have visited the Sl'undcountry; h8\'e cro&.qed the divide that separ·ates the Sound wateN! from the Columbia;have entered the river from the ocean annBailed up its wooded shores and past iUl pic,turesque islands., until we found ourselveswithin the great canyon by means of whieh ithas cleft the.. mountaine III twain, and havethus had a very good introduction to the im­perial region that we call the Pacific North­west.

PRODt'C"I'S OF TilE :-;ORTft PACIFIC REGION_

The export.., of the Colull1l.Jia reach morethan fifteen millions of dollars annually.The fisheries on the Columbia alone, produce~Ilned alld packed salmon valued at three mil·!ione of dollarll a year, and the lumber tradeis extensive and mUR increase as time paa868.Efforts are'making for the propagation of fishin the streaml by artificial hatching, so thatthe supply will be fully maintained for alltime, and M the salmon from the Columbia ilremnrkably fine eatIng, tbe businell" C'l.n btldepellded on to support thousands of familiesaud permanently enrich the country. Butthe coming lettler is more interested in know·hlK something About tbe character of the soU

• •

OlUOON AND C.A.LlPon:SIA C03f1·,\n£I).

Durinl the early period. of our hilitory, from~ di800...ery at gold to withiD a few yeanPM*. th. product. of Oreg<on were all shippedto~ and MDt to the world as the pro­ducta 01 that: 8tate. The immigrant who hadheard. of OreaoD, ita climate, rich ~iI, CtlrtainproduoU aDd grtat natural adv.ntag..... and.... I.pt.ecl to oome here hy the usual routb.bad 10 f1lIl the nutlet of miarepresentations&Dd. intimidatiou .. he p..sed through that8..... aDd w.. met: buodrfda of mil08 beforehe reached itt borden by runuen who wereempl01ed to reprnent the inter68U of landabarb who .pu'8d no paiD!I to DltLke tbe manbeaad for Oregon believe th.t thia State was& wild ud oncivilised region which elljoyedDO privilegee, bad no extent of re8011rcea, andw.. not: llt few aettlement. We have metmaDy penona in yean put wbl") have nar.rated the efl'on.a thns made to detltin them ioCt.lilomia. &lid the miarepr6llelltationl theyhad to endure. Man)' were detailloo and in.duced to NtUe ill some locality where landwu told at &II enormous price and crops wereao uncertain that they aDOU foulld themltel\'u,ruiDed beyond recovery, and learuti(t that Or­egon OC?uld have ofl'elied them good homos anda ~nty of !IUcceu beyond any .state ill theUmon.

CIUfornia is unhappily claime.1 in immenaeKf!.Jltl made in days lohg past., ullder ~h:xicnllrule, \bt have fallen into the pouessioll ofapeculaton who 108m to be lounea. ami iu­duce ~ttlemflD' of their land by a:1)' me.1.Dapouible. Land monopoly is tbe cune of theState. A friend who, after resuling in Ore,ROn fo.r m~llY ye~r.. ~... lately spellt coneicler­able time III Cahform., rerrcaeots it as a lunelof the enormously rich anr themisel-.hly poor.Th~ flitTerence of cOllditiou among f:ll"lIlcl'J( hiall In fA-n.r of the UP'gull farlllcr, who hM hi"laud without c08t. if a pionecr. 0.1111 wlru.sohome is al1rrouutled with comforts 801111 Juokedupon as a penu:t.ncnt r08itlollco. while thugram :-Lnches of Ca!iforuia ofkll lltlHHc:>::l 110attt-.LctlOlllJ of hOllle hfe, lUll' OJIC jUU1'llI·Yti fOI'a day without 8igllt of ul'chanl {'I' ganleu.The failum of crOp8 oceul's ill CulrfumiiL liO

ofto,u a!l til mILktl WhUllt gm'A'inj.( a lU'('-I:lll'iollsbUII~I689 .. Droutha l'rOl!tu,:etl eithE'l" tol:..-'l1 orpartial failurea there in 1869, 1870, IS71, IS7!iand 1877, and in ISiO. many who hall relltcdland an~ sowed large 6eMs, whell they e-ll.W

them blrghtetl1 packetl up thcir few houlil;lltoMgood.. and ""lth their famili ...., UltLI.le theirway Northward to Ol'e~on to set:k a I:mdwher? rainfall wu oortain anti crops eqnnllycertain. In many respects the two Slateildiffer,. b~t in all material reapocts that .litrer­ence IS In favor of the North PaCific region.The people &te as different '\oS tb.1 clill1l1to andtbe .urroundinge. Take the olrler aetllemontilf Weetern ONtion aqd W&Ilhingwll, and we

d .n...,....~ W'III M i• .;~ .M QJlf~VQf~ ~teru S'tiL'lOi. Sl;llool h0l.11011 ve

WILLAMK1'rF: FARMF:R, PORTLAND. ORI',OON, FEBRUARY" \881. 3==~~~=~=__~__ ... _--c__·_--,_~ ._-. _ ._, .. _- ---.--- . _~;=:.~===:~~~===~==~

~'l'~-l; ~·I~;)~~· ~l~l':~:O:i. farming or graziug hUllt, and if a railr"lI.d ill llativ6 lltreobrth ",nd will. and h&ve made between thi. region and the corn-growing

f 1 ,. 1'1111 t.IwOlJtlh it e\'ery dere will 1m wOl'th ftom t!JclLulI'ln~8 t.'Olufol'bl.ly wtlaltlly. and that, \V....t. It seems that a '"ao (·n." "'·..oon·Wa bor.: fellUbh ... h, rom a.st .....e~" s IS~llC. ~ II I 1 r I I h .1"''' • "

~IO tIl :.~W(). Kl·:trly l~ t Ie laIH11"'luil~illg to t..... \, W leu tho em 0 t e\'e Oplllt:ut au notan iutercstiug: ,Iutt... r fnllll Ill", \-';\lllkt")X}(I[. ul the U.~C,\.Jo I\!1'llIlt:t.in \VII;.{Oll H,u.1I1 C••. 1I1UII\' fairly l."OiIlIl1CIlr.t.;tl. had reachec.l Ea.6tcrn Oregon wit.h his familyOeheeo, whidl IIClll:ril~~ thc char.loCkl· oi thc in thi:s 8cctiull iii nl' t.ho very IlORt, awlM it ill III I'cg:ml to cliIlHLtl', al0l16, it oOCrs gruat Aud w;w retllruillg down the Cohllllhia rivorcountry E..LSt of the Ill~lunt:\illllall\1 f,~r Suut.~ uot hOW fOI' 8/Lllo! it l'ut:mlt tho ijctUclIllmt of in.llll:cllhlllt8. !levur ;LIllI a"ue il:l unknowu tlisheartened and much di8collraged becau..

lro'o tl,• ..... -lulllUial"iv<:I·. "howiuo; hellY stock the country vel'Y IIlllch. It woultl be very hCl"u in thc 801'SC it pruv"ils in many Western the proO!1cts of the 'count.ry were 10 diffurent\,AI \-aluahlu itt ctL<ie a railrootl IIhould rull through alut Southortl :1tate~. A m.ll! form of chilla

illterea~ art! lIl:Uutailll.:tt ILml what hopes t~ll~ here. . aIltl fevt'r i" knowli hut is <maily broken, and from what he Wa.l a.cculltomed to, On board~le th~I'O LllIil,1 1I1)l~1l th~ yrtl<;P\ct vf nul- Ad you KG east from 'here along the linc of very 30.·1.11)111 Ck:l;Ur8. The wl;ttlr of thi8 hAA a the 8ame steamer wu Mr. R. R. Thomplion,r contitrudiOtl, wludl"1I rt.:ac, tho'n A.t the milibry road the valleY8 got a a;rc.... t ell!;~l Mi'I,glo t:hillladL :mll~mcr, and heurd of a few one of the chief ownerl in the Oregon Steamno distan t Ilay. Thu n~t:(iilll he ,1~rio' 8 is Illl'p'C', the iWil Illor~ pn)lluct ivo. the c1illlate ua:m" only ill all hi~ :L8;;jocintifllul. The lnn'~ttlar

I f I , ,.. I " 'II Ore eo Naviglitiou Company, who b6io" au old r68i.ailoi~r to uwe 10 ...."'<o<!I·U aile l' lUi (:I • lIli fl~r, alld the timher it of A Lett~r qU;Llity. ch"'·;l.I:'t<:r of our \\'ilIl1ll1etto "alley call be un- eogou and \\'",hillgt 'D. iLll'l .wi~1 00 ~ttlt.'tl as ami there is Ilu)re of it, anil the countl'y ii da<j"to(ltl whclI we &.1.y that it III ~ible te dent of Oregon, undcrtiLood the pract.icalfut &8 it can be Lmn~hL ..... lthllll-.:i/oCh of mal"' capahle of aUlltlLiniug a vel'Y larL.(e populatiol" l:lOW wlll.:nt hel'e every month in the year. workin~s of the couutry. H_rinI.; this atran­ket by railroat.ls. It ld aldu truo th.\t thu VMlt but without" railro:L<t it will alway hn.ve t" We I,,\.·c kllown whc.1.t ltOWl! III June, to afford Jl:er l:OI~tlcmn the ctJuntl'y, Mr. TbolllpltOn"ge brUifh philla, (.r ItC>lt'rt, of whICh he bu tluvotcil cxdu8iv~ly to stock r~sing. g''Otl f.111 p;1.~Lllre, allll make a (,TOp the ned aakt.·d hnll what wae the mlLtttir with it, ands)lCl\kl. poiil61L8 Illuch rich Hllil, /LillI only. lleell Slimmer. Tbe writer of thill. whell fanning, the allswt:;r w3;lt: "\Vhat is a coun!l")' good fl'Twa.kr to be .\·aibLLI~ to luak.d t1ielll tlo,llj;lrllLI~ CATTl.K A:"II HORSt:.."!. has lKIWIl \\'hilA, \'-iutc-:r whcnt from 8cpteltl. that cannot tal8e conI? I callie from Missourifor st.:ttlement.. A gentlomcn from Otluv"r, nnmc.l Cole, a her to tho middle of March. withont IUly fail- where the corn crop W/L.8 tho hig thing :Lnd

Plu:-a:vll.I.Jo:, \\·.~Sl·O Ol., Nllv. S, 18S0. brother of Mr. Davitt Colo, • merchant. in ..hili uro. In Ulia country we havd uo elitremea of ] dou'tknow whattodo ina cOulltry ..... h(:I·~cornI rccci\·ett ),our Idt~1' of the 2·tth ult.• ILIUI city, was lat.ely here 011 a "i:tit to his {rienlll ·Sumtnt:r or \\'iuter. A few dILys of hot cannot grow !Llld mature to lLth'lLUt<lgt!." "Hut

will now UU8Wl'I' the IIIlC-'itioIlS ttl the hl~st of wf'./\ther nla.y oCl:ur in the SUlnlller but the we have something bettor than corn here"my ability. III the lil'st ph"C.:e ~'Onlln~nciu.~ a t and attended the Statu :Fnir. He wa.s a stot..-k ui,.;ht4 aro ILlw"ylj so cooll\8~ retluire ~ blfLll Kat tilLid Mr. Thompson, anti prrx:eedotl to explainth~ foot of the Cascll.de M.1I1ILt;UIl>l :\Ull l·ulllllng: mall in Colorado. anti ~xpl'ea&c,l surprise "t tbrollg:h .r Illy or A IlgUlit. T 1e prbvailing to the new-colller from M iSAoul'i what theill an easterly dircctioll, \\ll.:ising Cacho crCl.lk, the great improvfllOollt mlLl"~ here in breeJ:,lg Norih wi:lfls ket.:p the "'Uflllner8 cool, anti the country produced and how our prrnillcts wcreSquaw creek. the Oreal. 1Joachut~ river (";hu draft horses, and very frealy coufcsse.l that prevailing SCluth win/lIS keep the Wiukrs diapo86d of. The emit{raut explailltlll that heWidth of which 200 feet)_ thel'e IS not IIllich WMm, alill when the ''''juwn ora 1II000t ~vere bad ~pont 90 lIluch getting here witb bi8 fam­f,mlliug lallli. but it is lLi~l.ll)' l'I,taptl:,1 t.o titllllk our Clylles.ln.le8 allil I'crcheroll.ll are fill' in arlo tht':y jU'U 1110' liri.erl gn~atl V 1Iy the ncean current i~y and prosJlt!Ctiug tha country aince hiij ar.raising, UI! 1111 the country hI covel'".l With ~hc vance of hor:w urt·'.'lliltg ill Co!ol'l\tlo. \\·e tht~t cirel~ the coast of As." aud NorthAOler- rlveJ tbat be had not mealls to go hn,clt ill Mi:i­lill8llt of Lunch /!Crt\$.iI. AII}'whel'e yOll WI:ih have allloug us, through nil thiil ltl1larl a d ica to 11I'ing ll~ the w/Lrmth of th~ ChinNe toud if be wished to, or to locate !lcl'tl to lul­to I>top ou tho rl\'cr your hiJ,vu l~ goo..t &t.l?l:k loug Coltuubiaa region, tiue t-t,oele. impork,l lM'M. Til.·re "re axceptiotla to aU rulea, so vattt.a.go if hf" remained. Mr. 'l'homp801l thenranch, fol' the couutl'y for " hunul·..J IUll"8 froln .f:UI'OPO Btl w~1l1l." tho bOdt hl·Otl ill AmN· thrice in the Dlore th/Ln thirty ye.va "inee we !Iuggeatetl to him that if he would go out se..-.both North, South nUll tel\.i~ is covel'~ with iea.. III overy de~l'tl1lt:lflt of stout. tbi", cXI:cl· have liveal in O1'egou we havtl aoou the riveI'I eral milUll Kae' of Portland among the marketthe 6u68t BOl't of l!l:rtL~d a.nti unu81'1JI'uah for leuoe iM Ji,curoahle. HOnJe num iu\'t.\..1t thdr froum "tHl a few weeks of c<>ld weather. ia.rden«B, he couM rent a piece of Land oncattle and hOIOS(;lI. AI"o thu nUlUel'Ollll dUI. money in thorrmgbhl'utilj, trotto["lj, ro,"\,lutel''', Thl'ru i1~ 118111l1ly & o:>ld IUI&P about the holi- I3harel aud 800n make a raii'ItJ hy gl·llwinj.t \'eg­tora of juniper.:t afforrlll. .i:lheltel" that is adu· and from the ¥.nglish COlLOb honw to thd Ilea .. · days thiLt is more or lea! tevere, Ska&ing is a etabl66 for the Pol1;lAnd market. Three Yianally hettel' than a bal·lI. fur it ne\'el" gets mud- iut Pel"Cherolll or Clyuelktaloa. we strive for luxury the bo}'!1 and girl. often do without, patted, and one day Mr. TholUp8QJl met nevdy undtir foot. I have b~en hare elev~D rear3, p81·fectiou. and sleighing i!l only known once in four or the office of the O. 8. N. Co., a f"rlfter wh.and I think the avera"o deptb of suow 1.8 t\"O Th. &l.S' .mintU1i e<LU1. brtit6d~ra of Coli· ti ...e yoors at a gme, and i. abort Uved Ul6D. wu turning o!er hi. wagon 106d of ....,.bbl.inchea. Sometimes for two montbs in Winter forni" I~nt up a btlI'd of Short-horus to Gur Th. three ha.rd Winter. bave been phenomi- to the COhlm!~. Itf the eonlr,any. Thethere is no ,now at aU, llut obher times the last State Io'..ir, anll nonrly tho whole herot WlL.'! natall.1 not Ittl mueh dreaeletl by the farDlen farmer recogmzed hIm and called lis atttlntionsnow fMollt about 8i!lches tle~p, and tkeo come. »ought up at full and ~ti!lfactory priOtlti hy hccaulle thll slJcceeding crop hlUl alw/LYs boon to the fact of their meeting 00 the riverthe "chinook" or warm Southwest C03.llt Mr. M. FllIke, a heavy :&uteI'll caitle breUtlor, oXcevtiOllll.lly good. ~tlveral timet we bave sieal!ler three yeal'8 previollsly. Said he: .. Iwindl, whieh takea it all off except on the who coutinually bU,1 the belt blood he can known wil.t IItrawbtordea to ripen on the bill am the man who couldn't see "!l.V gOOtl in aNortb ,ide of the hills. In the \\Tinter the 6nd til improve bit inunenae hurtl", 80 thai ~irlee iQ DectlUllJer, and in 1872-3, Rowen ooun\ry where I couldn't rnise OIJrn, It andstock gOOll back onto what we c.1l desert graduaUy but lurol)' the cattle that rango were in !J1nom ILU Winkr. The world bean went on to e:lplain that he hnd flo/Uo .....ed hiaIud, whero the grasa it reserved in Sammer upon the tlu-iee ten thouaand hilla 01 Liuncll of of I,ur rlLiw.y sMaon'iu the Willamette with advice had at tint rented a riece of land onfor them in Winter, 110t by being {cneed, but ftr&u laud ~t of tlle CasC&tI.. aTe becoming " fueling 01 druall. but the illhabita.ntll of tharee-.tter th~ first year »(IUgltt. 2;j Acree of{or the reason thu.t in Slimmer there ia no infused with Short Horn bloocland ililproving "WeLfoot," u our Kaattlrn Deighborl &Dd Jood land, 20 acree of which Watl clearell amIwater but iu Winter itis plenty, and for this iu lIuality for 1.K.e/, for wllit.:ll thcy art! uow 150 Calif"ruians 8lU'C&8tiCILLly term ua, know tbat In oultivation; that he had a houlo6 alld hamrea.so~ there will be plentv of grass on Uleee eagerly ROught that ltuurlrUtt. of thousall.lI of the Winter uiua ae~lIr(j b~Jtb and exemption OIl it, owned the team and wagon he saw, andplaces {or fifty years or louger. Stock rai~ cattle were driven Kast, over the DlOlluta.inl from coleta, anu that their cropa, literally, had ah"')'8 fblt obliged to him fr,I" the ell:cd­uta ha..-~ but'vory little ute for other than and plaine, the t..t leuon. The nalll£le of never fairly fail, the only exooption being lent advice he had had Ule gOOtl :lCJl.&e to fol~the Ila~ural feed that i.free fOC' evi.'ry man. Mr. Fitke i, Dot a .illg!!! iost.&ncei the ;:st.ew· whon tbe dimntio contlitiona were unusu.l in low.

There are numerou!! litile vaJ.leys in enry utA of Yamhill, good fti!!uds of the WILLA"- in 1879, aud warm raina in July cauled rUllt.direction that &te very fcrt.ile {or aU the !Imall &TU F.'RXKR for many years, bave moved & we have a cousideraLle satisf.ction in thegraiu. and gras.se8. AU the har.ly veJo:et&Llef their Short H'lrD herd Kaat of the mouutallla, pos."ItlSSioo of Winter rains that produce boun­do wen hore, and in many places all kiu.ds an and now have a larve tr.dinll eatalJHsbmeut teou" harvests iu strong contrast witb ther&iaod. From the DellClmt.ea river you pus there. Tlwn ara ...,.ral breedera of Shori periodical famines that lilight the hopei ofover 12 mila of country tbat ia literally HorDa in the Willametw n.lley. alto Hoi- the producen in Kan.... and California. TLecovered with graas. juniper tMnber ....nd plenty atcina, Jeraeys and Alderuys caD. be found eDligrant who Wall driven 1¥' famine andgrau­of browse for 15tock in Win\cr. Then you are in tbeir purity, and our (llioods. Hon. M. hoppera out of K..u.... loud reachea Oregon,at the lower end of Crooked river vaYey, WiUltint, prMidtIJLt of the State Agricultural never complains of rain, nor does the Cali.wbicb is about 75 miles 10nB and extends Society, and hil son.. are m&kiog a aUCC8" of {oruian .....ho saw ruin in his blighted cropll,almolt due eaat and we.t. This is a beauiKul the red Devont, which th~)' fiod br experi- and packed up wh.t he could carry off, leav­....lIey with little or no timber ~ll it, with the cuee a.re well adeptt\d to &h. peculiarhi. of ing the sheriff to settle bis accounts, while hetl-Icoptioll of Willows aloug tb~ river. our country and climate. W. have tbut 80uMht a hOlne in Oregon for hil family, eYer

Nt;lw comes the stock ~ount?' on the ~outb brieHy, In t.be·outMt., t.ried. ~ abow tb. d~· complaiu that rain i. a discomfort. The!....of this river. aml along III entire lel'itb laODe taut reader that th. stock Jo-..ta ar. not ent year rains fell early in October,.n to­line of hilla au.d plateaus thickly covered with neglected in our far. W-,-eout t;lOUD.Vy, and warda th. middle of the month tbere ,..ubunch JtntIII of the beat quality. Every few that alrearly w. feed \ba mark.t..f $.h. world. about a w~k of rainfall. thoujth not ueeuive.mil. cornea iu a creek lrom the highlands Of the lW,OOO head of cattle drivea.frGID bere All through November the weather,..u elearback on either aide. On tbese stream. trom this rear no dfitubt a proportion will in due and frQllty, .. delightful weather .. could behead to mouth, with few excep"ioDl5, are Rood time feed th. bunary ~ioDs 01 the United deaired for the lut of Antumn. The writer{arming lands. At this time there are liun- Kingdom of Great Brita.ia., Irelan. and Scot,. of this wu tut week absent on a 'rip up thedrede of tJaOUl5&llrls of acres of land lyillg idle. laud. So we are mU.WI ou.nel..... known to valley, and tben went twenty milea to the foot;.waiting for the iodulltrioul farmer to .feuce tbe world, aDd 1l8CI Ity in tupplylul the hill.lI 01 the Cascade ranl!l:e, rifling for two day.&ad plow and raiae grain on. B~t what III t~e great staplea of wmmerc.. in the open air. It it not Ullual that we haveu-e! There il no market for gram, except ID n. 0....." AD'Y.tJn'.AGU 'W1I 0"'" frOllt. in November, but they ha'l"e not beenlimited quaotitiell.... we have 110 faciliti81 for severe .nough to kill the w.... and every-shippio~ to the outside world. The COO", Some people (DOt: man,) oom. here .....d ao where we went we anw fllrmera plowing theirquence It that if a man (\o68n't have enough "., "lain, not likha. 9QJ' oountry. 80 lD fields, and SOUle were aowing them to wheat,mone), to go into the ltock bU8ine8.'l he won't 1"9. people wea' to c.J.domia aDd I.tt in d.iJ. though we believe they would do better tocome here at all. The one great trouble here d h Id Id bet.._.1 wait tloti1l"ebruary to lOW.i. to get our supplies. When a man with a gunwben Utey foun t atgo oou no' ~ People wbo are 118ed to this climate do notlarge family hakl to go 15~ and flo.llIetimes ~ without diglliDI for it. ThOM who OOIDe h-. care lor ordinary nino Storms that are as­mlfea to mill and to do lUll tt'lLdlDg, what IS wiib rUICDable anticipatia. .... innriably vere teldom oocur, and the light; railUl of Win.the U8e of settling in 8uch a country. If we _tiafted aDd IIOOD make hom. and aN friande ter are frequentl, very warm auti do not keephad a railroarl somewhere on the COlL8t wellt of h t T cI I th t ha h men from work. W. have run .10gginB teamhore, and running l~a8t so a.s to connect with to, e ClOUD ry. 0 a maw. .... ere all Winter with only three day, lott time on!lome of the through ~Ilea it wotlld open ur good. toil aDd a f\ie'l!"t climate and that: & account of the ....ther. The rain, of thethousand!l of ~ood farms l\nd Iiomea. man aan do better here, if b. i, competent: Weatera v&lley. have their compenaatron in

As sOQn all It i'J a acttlcJ fact that the Ore· and industrious, tbaD in almot' any other reo the precious benefit. they COD fer. They ba...e,aon Pac. will be buitt, J'ust whislVlr the tid- since the I6ttl.m.ot of tho counh-v fo· fortyp r- mon, i. DOt too rouch. \l. oonftdeDtly ••en -J' .mga that dMNI is sllch a country u this, ILnd e- yean inaured aood cropl, with the exceptiononly J.ying a.ctOM the mount,,,ins from the WiI· that if a mao baa mone,__,. from '1,000 to of lut year wnen Spring wheat was afFectedI"mette valley. and tJlet'e will he such alltream '10,000, h-, C&Q 40 to &Of pari of OI'egon or by ruat. The rollinQ' prairi61 and hill landaof emigration acr088 ~le Cl\8C8e1es na was never W ...bington Temtory and Ioca;te to bett ad· ca.n be cultivated at any tim.. but there arebefore seen. The famonl Palouse country wiU vant&ae in tbe oldellt Nttled district.. H. ricb, 10.... landa that cannot be sowed llDleaane..... be b...-d of agt'in. Our .oil i8 jun can watch hit cbancee to buy land, or can 10· well drainoo. until Spring. hut the coutinu.a.s productive as thein, and the climate cats on some vacant governmeAt, or State. or :\.lICO of I'lcMa.llt showl:tH t)lI'()ugh ,June ill 11811'here iA a great deal malier, but they railroad lanrl, a.ntl aoon make LiDlll6U a pleaa· ally to be depended 011. ami we see wheat ofhave tN.n.por1abon and we' have not.. Give an' home. If he haa" little mea.lla to Ulle be tbe Spriug vari~tiea sown until JUlie, and fre.ua a raitroad and w. U'e eatiatied; it ia all that can go to Eutern OreROn or to Ea..teni Wash- quently Spring IOWO whent yields. rich bar.i!l Deeded to make this one of the moat proe- in~n, wbere a wide region inTit.el IettJ.. Veil.. R6ed time, ill Western Ore\(on, istbcru­perona localitjea on the cout. Withiu a y~r ment. He will ptlrbapl be bewil4ered .. to fore a contilillolluelL8011 fl.rover U1ghtmonthlil,after the oompletiou. of .a rail~d .to tb.11J what direction to take, but be only ne61la to from early in 80pwIllbcr uutillattl in May.locality, the people over In your eecti~n Will make his cboice al".111 then find hie loe&tiOll. It is not noceaaary to say here lI.ore thllllbe surpriled at the v_t amount of 'tM'lD re- In & new country like that many are alway. th:lt for ordmary vegetAhles anel fruits 110

ceived from here. Your wholevalle:y and the ready to sell out their claima and their im· country in the worM excels the Pacific North.Bound country will be aupplied WIth. stock. provementl for a triBe. The railJooad. comp-- west.. The moi8t climate of the Western veJ­from here. A. it is now we have to dnve our niee are ready to furnish information. People ley. caus68 " riehu911 of flavor that is appre­fat cattle from one to two hundreed milea in who live tbere are anJ:ioul to .ecure good ciated abroad. Apples, J?8M!. cherriee, plum.the winter to find a market. and by the time neigbbon to build u,P their community, and and prunes, all thrive In the belt pouiblewe get them th61'6 they are poor. Give ua 8, everywhere the imnugrant (!aD ObtaiD valu- nlanner. Smsll fruitA all do well, and iu. therailro&d aDd we caD ahip our fat stock 600 able information. We sball give .. minute future fruit growini will frove one of themi168 to market and afford to sell cheaper detail, ... po..ible .. l'e prooeed. to deecrjbe tbe moet remunerativeaourc61 0 wealtb. Orapelt;han thoee who live in your valley. We do difl'erent oouDtiee, and tball make all pouible &Dd ~hel do not like our 0001 nightA Innot: have to feed. at all. We mark and bn.nd effort to give reliable information. Summer, aDd the ..me it t;rue of cOrn, t.hougha call turn him out on the rans;e and wkeD be The adv&Otaa- of the OOUDtI"y &re DUmez'~ all Ut!l" &l'e (l'Own here, .bu' not in theirg fonr-year' old !Iell him for t20 OMh-net: OUB. The ID&Il witlaout IDMILI but: with area-t perfeotiOlL

r.rofit:about '17. DoeI that; pay' Gi...e na health, oourag& ADd .treDgth, O&D bd in theaeiU•• for gebting to a better market, aod it aei80 Nortb W.t the beet pouible SUd. for IKiM&1'llINO B'I'M'Ja '!'HAN ClOU,'will pa.y Mt"", .D-.A~~Ili!/ll" ..d~ ia.lIIIod.. An illoid""t, tl\at .... P!iJlli~~.d in tb

0Qr wholo OO\lJ\try 115 either the beet with prOllperOu.lit.rmer. who oame hero with lARMII:I\ a month lLl{O i1tuatriteil the difforeuco;l

...;4;"_======,-:===,:,,:,:,=:-:=;=,;,=~WIL~LA~,MIlTI'I!~,~;.~....~Fc::A~RMo.:.I1~R,:;' ,:.PO;,R:.:,T~LA~, O~_R~EGON~_~~~, ~F~BB::iR~U~AR~,~Y~"~l~88;;I,~=="T:';==:':""'==:=='=====::"':"':;""'7='everywhere. The school system of the State said, is Dot eo well rcpnirl with 11M. though H&ALTHFULMZ88. Mr. Minto aDd othen MlUTe ua that the hilt.i:l well mnnaged, and the school fund fur- they grow in greater pCl'f.:ctioll c,~"t uf the The pr~ent cenlllla returnlJ are not )"et pub. of Marion anu Ynmhill counties, and DO11;9' Cil hy the State IUatcrit\lIfj air}e the cause CJ.SCadti8. fbI h tloubt of other counties, abounded in a delicate

I I "]' l' I I' te • he eo as to make the comparison 0 ea t wilt! clO\'er that after warth diups;eared, hot0, C'Il,:atlOlI. owns IUlt VI agea g 18 II on FLAX A~D WOnT.. ft:,f prairics Rlltl l\l\Iong the hillSt and trade with other States poaeible, bot the cenaolo we have seen it coming in again t rou~h the1\1 •.1 1..'Ollllllcrce :\1'0 conducted with animAted Flax il extensive1)' grown for eeed al1,l the 1870 ahowed the death.rate in OreRQb to be I:ountry, and specimen8 hMe been ullibitedri.'n!:·}'. ",hilo the mechanic arts are encour- mallufactnDe of liuseerl oil is cnrried lin to only O.6A per cent. of the population, againlt in the aheaf.n:~l'll nnrl prosper everywhere. The ''''ilIam- good atlvtmtap;e at Salem, 80 IlS to alnllubntly an !l.verl\l'e of almoat twice thllt rate for the Much might be written ahout our nativel'ltc \','\llcy 1I0t only h!l.1I a navigable river supply llll our own nctM1~,iu that ,'eNpect. Flall whole Uuited Statoa. It weN! folly to olaim grasses, alUl we remember that D. D. Pretty·Ih'\H'_:~,1 its mid!:lt but is fairly sea.med with It' 'bl ' th' 'ty man made a collection of them two yeal'1-""',

. I C I II for fiber has hoon abo grown anI I ,",lit to ]re- t HI. any regIOn III e8l1eu WI Immunt wh,'ch were ,I,ow" "0 the ,heal .nd mad~e-a""ll,!lt'llUg I'al wayS. huro les. are we aua· I frolll diseusu, hut we can claim f"r the widei 'i ' ,1; the fl.tmers hnve their c1ube fLDd Il.nd, aud the fiher is Ilnjll to flllly cfl,ml t Ie &cope of country tlmbraced ID Oregon and veryattrfLCtive eddbit at our State Fair 80nd'''::''~'I:':08; the Villa,lll:er8 have excellent lIchool8 be8tuled in the mallufacturo of tho fiuest WaahillJ(ton t!.lat it is healthful in the ex- at the MechaniC8' F'"ir at SfLD Francitco, and,..ul :!.cadulpies, I\nd life here ia an that the lriah lineh goods. It needs only that capital trellle, that malarial dieea!!les exist only in a we thinK Mr. Shull'''' bas them yet. The im·IlIrnit .~)(l\ettHg coultl desire, and far more thau '1\ t d Ih II" botto pottant fl\Ct seem" t,.1 be that ,"ery lew of the

II h ,. I' d sh.lI,tak.e hold of the n1ll.tter amI l80bar be· 1111 l ypc, an en Kenera. y In nver ms I (J hi d.:011 ( e expecteu a a region ao remote an . d or valley lamia, typhna and typhoid fever. native 'fI'3S868 0 regan are a e to nan:;t:J cOlllparnti"ely new. com. procurnhle, to make the prfl(hlctlllu an. uever exillt al an epl,lemie. and the dry cli. heavy feeding, though an exception may be

The Pacific Northwest bea.r1I well the most manufactnre of flllX on the II\1'S'l:It IIcaltJ po"SI- Illl\te of Middle and Euiern Oregon and found in the bunch grass that is the pride ofscrutillizing comparison with California. and ble in Onguu. T~lill lIlatk~r !tM j,e~I.1 showll WMhiugton ill renowned for t.be corativ~ ef- stock men FASt of the Cuea.deL In theNcnlllA, {or with nIl the glamour and glory of up for yeRf8 p:\st 111 the FAlutV.r:.. h'lt I I ;1 11'10\' fcct.'i upon rheumatism AIUI lung compwnta. Weatern valleys the range, wheo eaten out, isbold alltI8·1\"~r mines and' l?range grovea, the ('()~ntry lik~ tiliJII ':.I~ .it l~l:l'lnf;wt'l,~"t: t''1l"r'l W~ claim enough when we sh\!e these fllc~. hare aud almO.'it worthles~, and how to replacepl'illo of viucyarcls ami orchA.rds, there is prllws JII0\'H sh,wly. It l:i 'IClt 1":.<:-1 ,t, t,.l ~~rllw, 1 he cwcmptioll from sundcll chl'.ngml constt- the trallsient native gra8!liCll with pennanentuot,hill!! so perlllanent A.lHI reliable, so satill' lIax to IM'fl'di"1l ill \lI""t eullllll'i, .... l,tl!. our 'I tlltee a preventive against the ill~ that peevlI.il Iiud elll'ichillg pMturage, is the moat impor·bub!'; ill 1\11 rt~9p<,!cts to the actual settler who climli te l'dtl.:1II1,lel'. til:, t of tIle north ,,J( !l'l,lu'lll, hoth ill lIlIlIlmer And winter in other countriet. tant of llll practical que9tions now under can­Wh:lc:i to lImke a hOllle for himRelf ami his and ('nOll~h l"',j h U<:lI lloHIt: Ih\l'e to :i"UW thnt, As wc bl\\'e ah-catly l'elllllrktld, thu rains of sirIerntion. 'Vith all that has been comuni-chilJrtJn nfwr him, that California caD offer tilt I'll t I ( Itl d I ' 'I' 11th d cated the Ilu~·ecj. ia yet au open one, and we

.1 we can.grow .IC .l!.l" 0 .I.t ~ 111. "'Lll :\g~ J wlllt~r Are n.'<..'Oglll1.Ct 1\8 aecurmg lea ,an ,hall proce to ,!.ate what we ~~naJI1that cau equal the advalJt.l~ges to be founu to profit, In due tllllll, nllli \,\ C~ t:rll ~ l~ t\),:on Cllllf!lltered the BIOBt. healthy seaaon of the r---lI(,,·tlnnml. This il a broad usertion, but llbouJll1s in watQr-power to 1l1'I,VO the llllll~ and y~&r. know or have obser,·ed.will be borne out hl: facts. What with them f I If II 1hI> II It ' _. be • d' t thai thffLCtotieso 1:1: .t.l\~wort. ese ao;cs' \la- COMMP;RCEOFTHBCOLUlIRIAR1VP.B. Il'IproVo::'ll )'onn .ll'Ipue e gi.ill ephemtlral, UIt: g itkr And KIOM uf life, uo· trAte till' portslluhtie8 of the flltllf'e. long past known at Clamp a.a "eIvet 11'.....l1crlniJ by strugde ami poverty, ,,,..ith us ia Oregoll wool baa a ch:nactcr of ih own roo~ . The annual report of the Portland Boar'd of also known in Eogland u soft meadow grail.l:fte3.-ly prclgte58 AI1l1 the l:atient rellthof labor. in the NcW' York :\IIeI U .stun nmr!<ct8, alld I' Tra.le f:or the year ending Aug. 18t, 1880, which is commonly called mCliMluite graBI, andThcre is lIO glitter of go Ii or gla.mour of trop' fast takill.~ rn.llk \1 ith Ule be3t flcel:cs that. I sllowl the exports of our remon for that time M l'Iuch ill native to Texas and well appreciatedkal !l1U18hiue to be followetl by periodical fam- reach the cast. We ha.ve hert! 1I!lIlWI\ tho su- .. . co' there, will make peMnallent puture ILDd yieldille, but the ptlofllp. the climate and the cOlin- perior 111l1\Iit1' uf all OW~OJl pr,,Jllc~. aud bave amountoo to fifteen mllhena of doUan, and very abundantly. Some llfLy it is not the beettry posse8fJ tho tempernte character on 'Which onlyaslwrwf tacb that luwe IJoolI provod O\'er I that too when' the rult in .pring wheat oaueed feed, and that stock will not eat it if they CAnthe gnmtest l1atiollll of the earth have boon alltl fiver ng:t.ill durillJJ the ten Y~!&l"1l ""e ~~,'e: II 168s in the- Willamette Valley of not lell than ~et oth I' feed, while otheMJ-we ilUltaneebuilt.. There are 0. few men among us who cOlldud,l:,d the WILL."Ml.TTK,l'AHN.Ell. Ib,8i two tnillions and a ball of doHart. The Hou. M. Wilkins and Mr. J. B. Knapp, sayhavc Amassed wealth, but it. Wall by good b\ls- read.er who ullllel'<ltamts the lII11ucuc" of ch-l . atack prefer it to most other grusea and that.illoss enterprise I\11l1 jl~ent, pract.iced for mate on soil And protlucta call rendily aee why export.a were u follows: they thri\'"e upon it, and that. milch cows yieldmany yean. Their w th came gradually thia eJccllcllce i. attaiued. Wheat and Sonr 16,600,150 vury" freely where the can get it. Perhape itbut ccrt,1.inIy, with the de\'elopment of Ute C _. d I, d aaI 2 7~ 81' d bette h th ' E gland lor '0 T ...OREGON AT Tilt!: ('Itt'iTt:SNI.lI.. lUIneu all x-c..e mono •.•.•• ,vu, u oes r ere aulO n , I e..country, Tlot by ~hemes ami llracticee that D' I n_ to '1 E I" t J'h'l Co...1 aad lumber from Co<» Bay... 233,763 it ill con9idered illyaluahle. It ia called therehcgg·lre.1 half ,Ilf~ population beAI,'lee. Oregon IIrlng t Ie ven IllIlR "XJl')8 wOIl n. I a- Wool _ 2, 156,147 "running mesquite," becaUl~e it lIpt'E'ads fromami Washington Territory have been eettled delphia Oregon (ll'Ollllcts wt"re exllihiu'1.1 to G 11it and silver from minelJ. .. , . . . . 900,000 the root. It is not easily destroyed when onceulhlcr di~tlvant."\ge8 that may have retarded good advantage nn(t aBwIlillhcJ vi5itors from Cattle driven east 864,000 it takes hold, and soon mak&l a den'se sod,their. growth, Lut that growth hu been aU parte of the WOrlll. Hun. A. J. Dufur, Oate, potato_, hops, lumbe~, hides, through which it iIJ said, fero cannot force itahealthy; society here is'sound a~ the oore; , . 0 d!o etc. aeotto San Fraucl'Jco .... 1,623,376 wny. Mr. John Simpson, of Siualaw, wrotefanu'!rs own their own land, alm08t nolu.i.ve· Comllllll5lOlIer for n'bT(ln, secl1re I' our concenung it that Jt growed yet')' thrifty andI)', I\nd noigbborhoods consist of tholJe who by atate 33 prizes for all our lcading proouete, $11";,00,261 made fair hay. It leelJUl to be 10 light that!ong a.esociation are become a united. commun- anll in lOme respeou carried. 00 Illflre priue If tbe wheat yield of 1880 can be sold at the the crop of hlly ill itmall, but we are informed

Ity. SXCBLL£SCE OF PRODUC!1I. . toilan were aW:lonletl any other stn.te. Oregon lame prict.' thll.t was received for that of IBi9, ~a~~~~f:ttF:n h::dn\~ri~:~:,r. an~t. :ill, h'h'ted' lh h f I ' ] the total proceet.l:ol will be o\"er $9.000,000 net I--

We have often had occasion to show the gram was ex I I 111 e s ef\ al\t m g &58, tQ the farmers of the country. When we vield well for hay aflenlfard., which is notsuperior qualitiea of Oregon products, anti and 'surprillerl all who unllcl'l'ttlflt! itl valne. compnrt: the 1"'f'ltlBtion of thele two States the case With uther graS868. Mr. S. W.what we now claim 18 eaay of proof, rbe One EngliahIDllll lIflClarc.l th" kt.',"llCls. m,!st with the rota of the United fo:tatel', I\ml ree· Hartley, of Wahlo Hills, lOwed it on hie bare

b:\ve been Ilelectell IIV hnllll, willIe hu Wife oiled thAt thr. protluct.l'l of Pugct ROHlld and Pl\stU1'6 and when we s&w it, yean ago, it waa(lrO\.lucbJ of Orevon rank, high in .U rewpectB. tlryly l'6.narketl: "'B:.lIt 1111I11; they must bave some I)thl\r f'1l.1"l." of thiIJ territory are not in- a green field. In the foot hills, or on anyAs we have shown, and M market quotations had eomething pretty gund tt) pi,;k fram." AD eluded, the rOlllllt i8 really aatollishillK' We hruah laml. when SOWII Oil a burn in Septem·contiullall~prove, tht! B8.me variety of wheat experiel1l,:ctl J~llglisll .....O':ll-gruw'r examined repre~ent only one two.hUIl<lrcth Pl\ft of the ber. it CILII be pastured late in the same Fan

h fi h h 1 0111' ~'oollll\mplcl' cnrefullv with It. glaSl:! !toud peopl~ of the ul\tion; our export."! eqnal $00 for ami all "int.er. Tram~in~ <Ioes not harm it.grown ill Oregon is wort "0 cents a WI e re,narked that it mnitthn\'c ¥l'tlWH ill a climate It grrnws all through \Vmter except. 'When it is'CaI'f . t'n''1' inllh'irlual, antl at the Ill\lne rato the to-in Lh'erpool mortl than if grown In lorma. th-t I,ad til') extt'E'mes of col<. or I,eat, AI ita I f I ' II h '.000000 frozen 801id. Mr. ThoDlasaCroas, near Salem,.. ~ exports·o t te nahan wou I eOo). , ,-Thc Califomia markct ia supplied with oata fiber Wl1S uniform n.ud@huwetl 110 \\oak l!lpot. 000 ahove the products usell for home con- ,hawed uarank grass.• foot high in the earlyfrom Dr~gon and PUKet Sound, whicb the in all its h·n~th. H.,u. M. Wilkin" r~eivlllli 8umption, 8ml tha.t would not inehule InAnU- pnrt of March, tl\o.t he said wa.a eaten down

8rst priie for a. fh:~ceof New-OJfonMnre tbat facturet1 g;QO(l!l; aleo \\'e mu~t rememhcr that close the latter part of Jauuary. We sowedOORlmerdsl P"llef!J of San Francisco quote far wa.a cfM!le<1 a.~ luug wool. It Vo·IJ..~ at tho Cen· we have led I\nll in part clotherl oursclves be- it on a light burn in t.he f\lot hills, and theal)(l\-e the Ilame grown there. Our vegetablea teunial thllt woololl mrlllufncturers ,'I"el'e 6ret lJidell. Our shipments and cxpol'b ha,'e only other day we found it, where it had not acen1It:1I thcre higher thau their own, becauae Ollr attracted 1Iy the "'tperior quality of Oregon mAde a commencement.. Our exports of the day light !:Iince lut Spring, becau.e ofcool, muist climn.te Pl'01lUCe8 a healthier and ,vools of all kill.ll!l, Agaill8t the 33 fri7.e1 ltreatlstuffs to Europe ha\'e illcre:U:l'(1 from lese high and dense growth of ferna, yet it wasmore perfect development than the rank award8l1 te> Oregon ('nlifonlio. rl'cein.'( but than 200.000 ccn~ls in 18i I to ITJOl'e than milk and green, alld evidentlygrowing thtiftily.gl"Owth of California. California products three, ""hich w('r(! given oa Mhl(llea of lI1'tive !'i.UOO,OOO celltals in 1880, It is ouly within Uo into a piece of wood8 and slash and bumrate high in the world and occasion wonrIer tQ willes. Adj(lillill~ tl'c Ol'e~on dbltlu.y WaB fh'e yean! P:\llt that ttirr.ct comllH'l"~'e hetween the unnerbrnsh and aow mell<}U1tegrau in thenil ~ho go there, but even Californians prefer that of Wi';CUlIllill, wj,ich the n:,:,,"h of that J<:urope:m ptJl"t.'l anti the Cf,htJn~.ia river haa aa- ItllhclI and it will make quick growtb. It illaut! pay hiKher for ~n products from the St. lte dccll\rcJ. tl.clII~ch cs tJ!lballlt:.l to exhibit 1I11metl a.IlY import."\nce. It is safc to 1501.)' thAt the only graa~ we know of that will ~row intlorth. It is not too much to claim that our in contl'll.Sl this coillmerce will increMC ill m~lIitude rap- the 8hade, and it certainly will, !lO by its\·ettct.lhll;Ul et'lual any and ellcel most of tho!Je At the Pari, E!!pt)!'ithn, Gplin, wbrre 'Mr. i,lIy, aud whclI r:\ilroo.rl trllllll;t i!t pt'rfee:ell melml'l much timher larid can be made to yieldgr~wn illl\ny part of the Uuited States. Take J. Yan Bcnr,len rtlluaiuet.l ll:I C,munwnOller, acrQ88 the contil\eut Atl'Oo,lc with Ash will de- pasturage. It can be mixed with other gras­the who!e line of ve"l:etable protiucta. alld the Ore:;:ol1 tli!lflny attrn.cte-.l ~:rCl\t a.tlen.tieu "elope th;lt willlmihl up a grC:lt Ill' tl'Opolis i!lC~, and perhaps v..ould insure better p&llturetheugh there may he some that ~e not natu- from citlZCIlS a "U COUlltriCl, _autl t'et,:el,-.d here to reap its 111l~'allt.'\ges. To 01lC I' ho hu thereby, especially mi:J.t:d ',Yith Mnal1 whiteral to our climate, we c....n grow moet of the npmerous pdzcIJ, oue Kel,er I prir.e being gruwn grny wnkhlllg the Illow pfllgre8l!l of clover, but those who claim to know, sayv(lJYctahles known in temperate climes in the aWlmle(1 to the wholc alii a st:\te I '!'l"hihit, W;hile e\'ent8 for ovtlr thirty yearl'l, tl;o prospect of mel"lquite gras.~ or ,'1I1 vet grass. '"..iIl 800n roott;y~ate.'lt perfection. no otlwr Wltg grnlltlill to allY Sta.te ill the tho future of this country scelll.~ wOII,lcrfnl. oui nIl othel'll. but mixed p&sture is certa.inly

The !'lame is true of 01lrfruit8; appltlll, pears, Uiliou. 'I'lwre 1I1\l:lt ho solllO gl'cat excclltlnce Yery soon wc shll.t1l1ec tllf' ,1001'S tlIl'OWII willr. t.o he preftlrred.clll~..rie3, plums and prunes grow here 10' the iu the p' ollud" of a IlllW al1l1 I'CIlH,tc region, open, nlltl tlirect railroall COIlllcctiol\ will Clover of wild. growth wae fOlllld on the redl:!t'c:lte.~t profusiun au,1 excdlonce.. Our win- likc Olltl'l, wlle1l it cnn CIlW\'JC with 811 much hring the "PAcific N01-thwf'llt withill easy hills throngh t~e Willamette ,"alley, hut thetel' apples are mnrkett."tl ill Sail J:o'rancisco. It. glory to it.~~lf in COlll11t'litioll wherc the pro- r():~ch of the IlliteI' worltl. anll onr, lillutte anti cultiVAted "arieties tto not thrive well underiii acknowledged that applc3 and peal'1 have a tlnctl!l of .:111 J.I:\tiolllJ, lOll hjec~ to ~he 1II0000t per- resources will briulI; th" old wurlll thronging all circulOstances. We know of a amallricher Oavor than the same \'arieti6ll po88C8lJ feet eultlmtillll, compele III rlmlrl· 'Vhat to our portals, lne....clow belonging to Mr. R. H. Dearbon, ofin Califoruia, for the same reason we gave in we have statc1l al,o\"c arc fa"ts t.h:\t the reo· ."".."""""""".._~ South 8."\lem, lOwed with grain, one Spring toconnectioll with vcget..1.blea. No blight has orda of the wol"id'il grc:\tat illtlal'ltrinl expoei- timothy AmI dO\'er, where for yean weattACked fruit, exccpt for three yean paat the tiona hear Ollt. The prcmilllU l),\itl lorOni(On DOUT QIUBIB8. .".atched the ha)' made there with aoon&cioull·apple tree louse has devl\8ta.ted apple orchards prOtluctij gi n.'S a 1!1IcccIlsfui fHull'la.tio.. for per- Several qbelltion!!l have lately aakeon through !less that the clovcr did wonderfully well, butill ftllme localities, but that is a pest t,hat will mallellt wc:t.lth. awl if flilly thnt much call be when we Mk, 38 we often do, what ~B88es auwlt,nhtctlly soon diup~ar. Cherriea grow savetllUllll'Clllll1llati(lllS. thu agl"iculture of tbe the Jo~ARMItR, relative to the bellt way to seed fnrmer triHS tQ grow, we ate often told thathere hJ the gt'ea.test poSSible excelleoce. The count!'y will hc cnriched. Tilt· r.lct that good Jown paetllreA ill the \VillfLlnctte \"alley. The clover is 1I0t 110 6ucce8S. It seellls to succeedr;urcplio lmfl nClfer been known on thi., coast, ct'0P~ al'C t,ile I'ule with itS duuIJlt:M thc inuuce- anlwer to thia will cover aU \Vestel"n Oregon \\'ell on Mndy river bottom. as Hon. Johnaud thc plum and prune bear ~uallr: in areat !Dent we offer enuvrantll. I all the Minto grows it to great r,ro6t on the illland. "' , h C;"'I . and Waahington, aa the climate 0profusion ann have l!lu'pcrior ric nees and Wc uot only now compete Wit aIlOtDla opposite Salem. Alfal a, we have neverHnvor. The estimatioo lD whicb cfur fruite abroad but luwe mwe aueoosaful oxhibits .of country Wed of tbe lll'eat Cucade range it known to succeed here aa it does in California.arc heM in c."lifornia can he Ilhown by stating 0111' pro.ltlc~ in the fain of the Mechanic'.1n- humid, and the conditione are aimilar. We A fcw years ago the KinneYS, at Salem,that M. G. Newberry, a fruit merchant in stitute, annUAlly held in San Frauciaro. M.r. have repeatedly aaaerted that. this question lIOwed it in a gravelly lot in town and made athis city, forwarded the product of a slum P. Sheultf', La.lld Agent of the O. 4:: C. R. R. d rv:wth for &e"erAI y('af8, and then died out.

k ']1 1 'I wa.a the mOlt important one for the consi era- bee hlIlIll prulle orcharll planted near Portlan by Co., hl\'J sho\l"n 'treat s I am energy 10 co - Ve do not know that it has ever n t. or·lJr. c..·lI'llwcll to A. fruit c~nllery in California, lecting sal1\[11-:s of our a~riculturalprllductll to tion of ur farmfl1s, and four years a~ it WM oU,I{hly tried uUller the mOfilt favorable. con­all linch te!'ms that they lIetlietl the fruit grow- exhibit thcre, anet they have not only attract- dillcussoo at great length in our columnll and ditions. but hnve often hen.rtl O( Its failure.cr two ccnts n. pound for the fruit. The reas- ed pfl.l'ticultLraUerttioll, butit is conceded have the information furnished from the experienoe Red clover we think cnn be made a auccesa011 givon fO\· the purchl\i!le was that Oregoll excellel1 all Ihowings of the kind made from b with proper effort, and we expeet to 1I0Wfl'uih were snperlor, ami thcy could afford to the prOlhlct<l of that State. of correspondents proved of great value to t e down an orchard to red clover this :Spring,pay this prico. We ha,'e for fi\"e yoo.rs past l'resillellt Hi\yes chanced to be in Portland country, and h&8 prodoced practical resulte of The small white clover seeme to have aurgflJ. the farmer of this region to plant out in Octoher, when 0111' own Mechanics' Fair no small importance. natural affinity to our 80ila both here and1:\I"I;C orchards of tbeee fruits, IoIJ they can be was hcM, alld showed the btrcatest inter&lt in The early comers came down off the Cae. East of the mountaiOB. It can be leen takingth'il't.l or canned to ad\'l\Jltage and shipped the collection of cereals anI! ~S8ll shown by hold and doing well where it was Dever

, I 'to I . cade mountins into the Willamette valley and:t.h~l1. The btreat yicld of plum8 and prunes Mr. Sheulzt!, and was 8lIpecl& y III reetet In sowed, on pSBtureB, in lanes and barn yarda,In the acre, allli the detnand that exists for tbe splemlid showing of f~l\iti!l gathert;rl and found here an earthly psradille waiting for and along the highwayl'l everywhere.lhH:lI a.mllll~ all nAtionll, makes this a safe exhiLit.etlfot' theStlto H.ortlCult.lIral ~Ie:r by the coming of their 80cksand hems. Through As will be aeen onr experience ia Dot as1'Il!1ill~.i to lU\'Cst in, more ellpecially as the its preaidcnt, Mr. H. ~hller. He welght6f. the the valley the native g....1 \\'80\"00 to the bil· wide aa it might be, but we hbve con­United Htntes imports not lets than five mil- heavy apples in his haud anti offered a dt?ubt . aI h ' fidence ,'t ,', correct, foIId we write thus fullyI, [ I 11 th II d 'h II b I The Sl Itt lowinct SE'a breeze, ecarce an amm eI0glOWIO 10 ars WO}' all1HI1\ y, so we can e· if the hllltl!l e f\&W COllI e rea.. R,., TI' t 01 ,'t to ,'oduce other, to ai\'e their ~xperienc,.'

I I ·, f I I I' I fe' G 11 Dr PI • ~resent thtlre to crot it. lIa 51'&8s waa n~ c-I,ent on 1\ lOme mnrl\.ct, the ravages a t le of a sinO' e IIf'1) ft oe 8 0 I en op um, d t tri ,"e have m_uite and orchard gra", whiteI, k' .. '11 I b" kl 'II I 't 1 ~ WI\8 eavy but it 'Was a un an an v,ery nu • 'l' _.,curcU 10 Ina IIIg It llnpo!tftl' e to grow p urns hung t IC Y WI I 1'111 as arp:e as e , d t 1 b clov"r and timothy in many pasturell, aO,d

\ f th ]'t k 'I ' W ' h h h I led T e Free tiona, and for many' yean, a,n un I V o~er- ..1\11( prUIlllS east 0 e flO Vi" ountams. e a sig t e Sf neve~ aeen eq~a '. - L t to L th t,'mothy;. lor meadows, and It seelns as If1 I I d 1 3000 t d h ed te t I Ie v._1e croppinlO' it; WM eaten out, It ..ep a 0.. WI ..., aIp auk.'t. an orc lar 0 roes some yean i ent I ow more In res In rUI, 0- -,. d 'ed otl,.r ,'ar,'et,'e. 01 grtLSS88 lilouM nrnmPlUII eqo

\ h I I ' I' II' " Tl hi d I h 'th t I the d,'11 out expense Summer and Winter an eotn ...----ugft, am so fI OWei alt lin liS OpinIon. 1e ell an OOf"e& stan III e ...~ Q - I' advantAg6ll with these.l:ult.\"ation of peachee and '(rApes, M we hAve play. wealth for 8taCk. owoera. At t Jat time, too,

•"-.' _.- ,---­._---------,_._ ------_. ---_ .. - .

.--;-;---;7"-;-:;;-:-:-;~.gener&! cha:',u::t,er of laud ia !lilly, alld eVlJllmOUlitainons iu portions, alHl "hell he."LvilywOOole.l. Young'" Bay extcluls S',uth frumthc umin harbor IUlll ill \Veat 1101111 South ofAlItoria; into this hay Pllt ilHvel'a1 str"AmM,Young's rivllr, Claskanilte rivel·, alill Lewislind Clarke'. rivCl'-l\tthe mouth of whidl, 011Clataop plaiue, they Wmtere,l in 1801. '1'110:80Itreams all head up towanleSllodlllo MOlll1talll,a stri.king featnre of the Columbia ri\'t;l" lahll·ecape to the South, which jfl part of a nLlIgeof hills that divltte the Nebaltlm river fromthese etrea~e, a.nd Col. J.tnel Taylor, olle ofthe olde8t Nl8idellU of that country, informsu. that a v&lley of 12 to 15 ~iles wirle hy 20to 25 mi1c~ long, ill madu by theae liItreams,with low woodud plat~..ux bt:twccn, Il.Il ofwhich ia I'ieh aoil alltl )Veil atillort'"!ll, wllellcleared, to all v"rietius of c\lreallil, frnits antivelf""'k:s. The low lal~dll al'e geuerallycovered with alder a1ll1 ville maple, but are orthe richest lOil; the nplllollils bave OCclIi:lioualsprinJi::a, and are often heavily wooded withfir and spruce that will some timc cOllunall.lvalue, All this region is lInexcellctl for cat­till and dairying awl is hut /lparscly occll)lie,1.To tbe South of Sluldlu Mountain comct! illthe great Neh~Jem river, which Iwadit notvery far from ite mouth, cirdes (or 200 lIIilt:H

and oWerl a beautiful ,'alley, on the mail\etream and ita branchel thnt is certain one .11LYto become densely popnlatod. o.ud ilKIlIi:lIli1c1yproductive. Along the Coll1mhia al)(we As·toria we come to John DnY'!lJ river, which hasa beautiful and wellsettlell "alley back, thllttnakee no .bow _on the lIla.iu river; ahove areooculODal clearinge uutil we reach Knappa,back of which is quite a etlttlelllellt, locatedon table lande and fertile pl·Airiee and alongKnappe. creek. Another good stlttlemunt i,back Of Weetport, which i8 uear the Easterncounty liD'e. 'Vhile this covers the NQrthurnface of the county, whiClh i. ouly partiallyeettled, back oi it liee the rich and es:teneiveNuhalem valle, and the bench lall~" adjoiningit, all of which, nearly, ifl vacant lallJ. Acat part of ClatBop county ha.e never yet

n survevetl, and In the future the grt....terportion of it will become valul\blefarllliug Ill.nJ.Col. Talcott, of thu l:ugineer ~rvice, U. S­A., wu employed to ru",a preliminary hue toeee how a railroatl couhl bt.l local ed, and heaaaerta that the uplande between the Nohalemriver an" \Vuhingion county coulltitute anextensive r6jtion of timbered uplandll lyingfavorably and of great ·fertility. Thia regionhaa never beea lurveyed, Col. Taylor repre­leuta that the avpearance of the ehoree of t·heCoIUlahia il 110 lIulicatione of the lamia back,&I all the way, on both eide" the river, whenback from three to five miles the land hecomeemore levtll and lui table for eettlemellt, whichie no doubt the c.ue. 'l'he ti.lee rille in therive1'8 putting into Youog'fI Hay, and consti·tutot a large area of tide·lande upon· thoseetreallls, autl give excellunt range for cattluaU the year round, Thtl8e tide Ianlb can beea.!lily dyked. and made available for profhablecllhivation, Of coura~ all par1a of Clatsopcouuty are wcll watered. Aroltnd SaddleMountain and the hlUd of the streams runningNorth from it, exeellent coni haa been fouRd,and the deposit is ao 'l'reat that the fntnre ofthe coun~ IlItllilt develope much wealth fromthis source.

.ASTORIA-.

Standing on a point of land that reachcsout. into thtl wide strcalD, Astoria prcso.;ntlt apicturesque view. Here waa the fint tlolltab·

liehment ttf ilIe American Fur Company, audthe relics of their buildinge and wOI·ks were tobe seen not long SillCC. The bwaiucu hou.sea,hotela, whllorves 101111 ",:arehouSC8 are all huiltout over the water. As a point of .upply forthll mills, lisherics, ship~illgalld trattu ot thtllow.er Cotumhi", the town must grow ek."Ltlilyall,1 the tlcvclotUIlt:llt of thu coulltl'Y al"OlIIul itwill aiJ that growth, ThCl-e ill au extolllilivcreSton dt~pendent on it that will gra,ln.tlly tillItp and become prOlllictive, but ftI yet therU8h of imulif:l"ation ill (or an open countrywhere the plow can he put to wOI·k at ollce;but when all is ""itl, it mUlIt be apparent thatrich and inexhaust"ble lande that are 80 nearmarket cannot long be ovurlooketl. 'rhebtates of Ncw York, Ohip alul l'enuilylvanio.had to be in gl"e~t )1l\rt redeemed froln justsuch a wiMul'Des6, anti the whole region of theJ...owcr Ootnmbia otTers greater adv.n~ea to.day than the gl·eat Stat.el at the .tiut did,uven hdf a century ago.

All along the ehorCH of tJle lowcr ri\·er tiletravel1cr ie frequently in sight of li"lwrics anticanneritls. or saw-milh. 'rhese Me the \,i,.ihleintiulltries an.1 though thcy are of ,cr.·cat im­portance and pl·oouce mill!0lls thtly tlo 1I·,tnmtel·lally concurn lie, as we are C(lIIsi.lcrilll{tile agricultural re80ureee of the count·.... , ,tIl;1the devfllopmont that is poeeible f:.'m thatet&udpoini. Hu~ the agricultufe of thi,'J \'''I::"mmust alwaye find • markot for it.'J IlroJUl:t 0)'

- _. -_. - -- . -- -

Pariiculan aa to CUmate, Soil, Pro­due"', Re8ource., Stati.tic•• w;th

Fact. . and Incident. COli­

cern~ng.Oregon andWaahinl'lon,

fo'rom.tllc WiJI<lmette ••... rliler or llu<: 11, I~.

'filE 1',lt:U'ICJ NOltl'IIWm'T.DESCRIPTION OF THE GREAT

COLUMBIAN REGION.

MAP OF WESTERN OREGON AND WASHHhiJ:1J.I,. EXPLANATIONS.'

••••••••• Reprellent, o. k c_ R, It_ an, I hr...",hus, (rt)lll l'orti,I:,,1 SUlith to'Rosehurg._ •••••••• IlCI'I"ClK'll to!I the N. I', ll, It, t(um !{alan\lIo QlI tho:: Oohulloia Iivcr, NorUI to 1\I.coma till hl,:d lo.tJ'll,'l,

a\ld the l'uy...n,,1' 11r&lwh.• - ••••••• RcpreilCllt" Or"it0lll.Ul Ullil ...·lIo)' Cu,', Narrow a.uge toa>l, li"iUI Lr-.;chcil on both ,it.!..:" tlf thl,! r.·il·

lalllette Val lilY.The en,qT&V\lN h~ve Qmltttld from the 1Il"!11 tilt narrow gauge Lranch t.o SIHIridAn, Yaru)IUl 0011111)·; abo til"

O. k C. K. H. Cd." IJl1\neh (rvlll .'111"'11)' wi .., 1'111.':1, In Lillu Coltnt).. .'l'hfl l1ue from thy mouth 01 tA.>lulllltbl rit o::r, l)lIutlt, Indicate.. the ocean .te:l.m_hlfl'lI rnute VI &n Fl'~uri "CO.'nlll rell,ler hlN:ulilluVlI tlll~t the Cullllllt.ia river cou_titute. the di\·biuu Ih,o between Orl1,"01l Illd W:cilli"l:.

ton T.:rritory,The eng"""er has made .ome mlbtake in spo:lIIl1'! rroper "amd, 'I'hieh we lor. not &coount..bl& for, Illd hai

qlUit-Ldd !10m.. promill~lltpOililloi Lhat h.. W:&a il1~trucLod to ft;WH':.

WI!.:n'!tRS ORI!<lOI'i ASh WA ..mnW1'QS.

\Ve present our reMdal'a thifl WCt:k with amap of Weeterll Oregon "ud WMhiu1!toli toillustrate the description of the several CQUIl­

tiee which followa. This map is OOlllllh,ltl onthe Ea.,,,t by thl! groat C8JlCade rllnge of moun­tainll which rUllfl North l'lnd $outh andtlividee the country into what is known asthe Kastllrn anti Western rflgions. Whilethere un;l a fow paill'leS disc\lvonld throughthe rugged Cabcatlll lHauntlUlll'l over whichroad. or trails have bt,lcn mIllIe, thegreat hulk of tl:avul is hy way of the Columbiariver, which cul"! ita wl~y throu,l(h the range.Weetern Oregon awl Waahin,l(ton have veryeimilar climate, humid and not often die­turbed by extremefl of hent and coltl, &II thedirect iufiuencee of the ISca air, huated bywann noaan currenla, preservee the Ilumiditythe year rounJ, and regull'ltel the tumpera·ture. We caJl rea.lily illustrate thu characterof our Winter climate by the put two weeka.December came in with what for thie countryW&I unlllllal cold, 'fhie cold W&8 more in·tenM East of the Mountainl, and auddenlynavigation cla.ed there. The ice that camedown from above gorged the Columbia belowthe WiUamette., and mattel"9 looked I6rioU8.Tllie lasted a week or 80 and lUI .udllenly theweather chan},'Cd to wann raine from theSouth. What }tAater.ll Orc((ttn people call the"Chinook wiud" came up tlw river and .weptoff'the froete. Swldeulyagain the rain in thelower W,Uamette valluy dUlonged to IInoW",which full to the depth of 8 or 10 inches, aDduxt~mled Ka.et of the Mountaiull fAr and. near.Now the Inow i$ aU golle. Warm willde andrainl have taken it all away, and the atmOoi'phere ie 80 tropit:al that Winter flannele areunOOIbfortable. At the heall uf the WilIam­ette valley aud over in Douvl,.. county tbeyhad .neither rain or .now, while IlnoW feUhere. Lan.night we lat and wrote all theevening without any fire, and it ie very pol­sible, white there ntay be cold r~ne at timee,that we ehall have no .barp froety w6l\therfrom this until SprinJ(. It is ofteu the callethat our f",rUle" fhut JanDary and l"ebruaryb'OOO seasone to put in grain,

In adtlition to publiahinsc a map of allWeatern Oregon ..lid Washmgton we havegathered from the government IlLlttl offiCl.lil atVancouver, Oregon City and R08ehurq. Iudthe ofli..:e of the :Surveyor General of Oregonhere, .tRtelllelite from which we compile atable showing the snperficial area of laUll incaeh coanty, the amount that has been sur­veyed, amount IIOt l'Iurveyed, ami how nllichhas been l'Iettied. These figllrefl will be sup·plimtlilted with fltatement of land3 ill eachcounty held by grante from government,!:luch &8 lanna ,granted railro&l:1l'l and WllogOIIl'oe.dlS, landfl awarded to the State and tUI'ri­tory for educational and other UIlEl9, so thatwe can prel!lfnt a lair idea of the land ill eachcounty av&ilable for further settlement.

During the plI.$t week we have vi"itedA8toria to acquire .information conceminR thecouutiee down the Columbia ri~er, 10 aa to beable to deacrihe them with lIufficient accuracy.While we prelent many lJtatietice in tabularform, which ie a great saving of flpaoe, weal80 eketch each county in a mMner &.!l graphicILS can be done in a few WOI'dS, to give a gen.eral idea of itllocation and advant&f(ea, lay ofOOUDtry and character of sol anti protll'lc~

and euch featurea of intereaha will atwautngethe general reader· and the intending illJ­llIigrtUlt. .

CLA'I'8OP COUNTY

l ..iee in the Northweet corner of the l"tate,South of tbe entrance of the Columbia rivel:.A aandy peuinlula about t.n milee loog andone to three milee wide, iiM between Young'.Ray and the ocean, and roaches to the Southaide of the river entrance. Thifl laml consistsof.lJ&ndy beachee thrown tip by tides throughpowt centurieK; the soil ill light and excellentfor pasturage and lOme kinds of grain (notwheat) and veaetablaa. Sheep in collaitltlrahleIlurubere, &lI well &II cattle and horae, are kl::pthore, and dairying form6 a lunding industry;there are five cbOO8e factoriae on Cla.tsop,plains. Owing to the fact th.t these "plains'were acc'7e.ble from Astoria and easilytilled, they were occupied by the very t1llol·litl8tIItltUen and have beeu.IOl:l.g olllt.ivated. ApartfnNa~ NQ~1 ponioo .. \he oou.uty I t.b.e

I

o;:0t>jQoZ

I

RleHLAH. ~

C K AM ASI,.>

\

,..

W1LLAME'l"I'~: FARM~:R, I'ORTLA.N 0, OREGON, FEBRUARY 4, 188\.-- -_.-_._- _.._._--- ----..... - -----.-. ---

•••• •Il.

tllll ; ~-; 1Il W1t'''·6 ...--'!U G LAS

, ~U[fuac

". YR TLIt c:

D

TILLAMDDk ",

UTTER'O/

N[WPORl

1

• C"' tvQAI ~,c

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Co

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NcfilAM1S ,

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SlAT!: eJOSE P • .......... .,

M

LINN COOOTY.

The g'l·en.t pmirie cotm~ of Western Oregonlies South of MArion AmI '''''eat of the CallC&deMOlUltaius. The censUfl report speake (or1879, when rust IItruck th.e Srrinewheatupooher prairies anrl ruined a million bushe. ofgrain, worth a m1llion dol~tII, hut the presentyear OM Linn C.'\IUC to the front ~lIin withCUOnllOUII aCl'~geB.ml iuUlltlll1le yielti. Alba~iB the County Seat, looated on the WIlINDet\t\a.nd il one of the veq mOlt prOIperoua to...

W'ILLA'IttE'M"lt 'FARMER, l'ORTLA1'II'. Olll'JQUN, EEllRUARY .. ·18!l'I.eu-p=p=I=y>=·=n=g=t=h="'==h=,r=ea='tef==to=""=,=ng=.g=ed=:==in=t~h="'='';='~h=at==e=v=en=in=t~h=i,=co=u=n=,=y=,=''=h=k=h==lt:M='h=,=~=-·=.=,=:~-';illAhoro, Froreet (Jrove~ ~:I.\'~rtol\~;:;';~-;;::;::;:Ie in the ft,::. To the-~,.........occupations anrl in t.he coal lIIill611 tllst al'e eat city of the North Pacific in it.llOunllfl, the anti Cornclill!l "if'. ffltllul ill tldlt 'CM II t)'. h :-::IJ~llI al'"e lI()well l'l'airie l\ull tht;t ~hl'i\'illgcCI'tain to be developed Aud I.elluiremallyrichcst.oflandiltobehadfort.het.:1kill~.h:1.Sman.wcl\lthycitbAllIst\udfinefamUl.Attown(.fRilnwtllJl.amithe Wddo Hill"...lal.lOrera, Berond Ralldy rit'er, to t.he Eut. t.he county F()l'ClJt Orovc tha 1',II.('lflc Univenit,. ()flOr~ :\ stl,tJwh of high, rollillJl pl"nil'ie reaching back

TILLAMOOK COUNTY. is oomr.nrath,tdy undeveloped, so the Oregnn collcgin.te e.ItICA.Uon to lI,·b,.,lanJ. Jt. ill well to tht. foot Ili1I!; :\11., unc'((·C'lIc.1 COl' heauty all.South of Clat8op, along the COMt, is Tilln.. & Cali ornia Railror.d Company, having an In· endow"d :\nfl a vnr, lIuxeMf1l1 institution, M fl\MI!ing 1:\n,1 ill the ~tIlt.e. Amollg tl,e

teresi in a 1&011 gro.nt ihat fM Rut, penuadetl COIlMcterl with which Ie Aft fnc1iM school, foot 11il18 are the vAllcy!! of Hih'er creek andmook Bay, into which several lltrcalOe enter the SUrTeyor.GeneraJ. to llU"C" & to"nship I"tflly eet.hii.heA. b, thn U. S. OoYernmc.lt the KorLh S:\utiam IUI,I IIII\11Y (lC1l1l1tn8 al'eand form a collllt.ry that is isola ted but very still East of fornler linN, and as l'l. conleqaenec lor the edncl\tionr of Juflian 1011 rh !!elcctr.ll Imying 1"I\i1l'otIotl 1l\llll or loca.ting homeHtcarl" i..attl"'cIoctive to itll poople. There are othe a body of excellent land ill thm"'n open fer from ditfclcnt trillCiIl. Thc ll\nn tnl.lo ,,11O'(\"~ t,hClle hl'lIf JJlolllluill rcgions, where thf'l soil i&,",ys and steams ill Tillamook county, hot a.I eettlement. .nd ,urvefl prove it to he ot great th·t 00,000 I\cro" of sllr,"cyc(\ Inru!1I in thi~ WOIl.l11l·fuUy fertile. fo:outh of th('8~ hills WP.

valu' 'hough g.n.ral y cov,r"l with bntlh conllty arc yct unoc.,nl'!c'l. It is no donht ct,llIe to Snutia.Jll Prairie, a iIl1,lendid fannin."the outlet actol!lI the Coalt mountains is diffi· and timber. Col. I. R Mooree, who i. con. true that th~c arc iIJltlla'crl lR the foot !litis cOlllltry; nlHI for ten miles South of Salcillcult this region is naturally tributary \c the, nectell with the I.nd officecif the 0, c\ C. n. tLnrl troodeo ~olllltry. hilt time will maku MicHl along the WiU<lllleLl{·. IU"U the famous "RedCoilimbia riv.lr. Sloops go .ronmland make R. Co, illforma Ull that good l.nd In .thiA 'fall\llble. This cmlnty hM a jlt~t l,rif16 in ITtlh.," which ..rc fI" ,,"fill l\,lllpted to wheat

t 0 h, (0' nd ,t.·11 '''0 to..n-L,·~ lnr "!tock matter!!, .ntl een..·cill.lly iB 110r~e8, Ulou"h enltnre that tholllil\lI,lK of Il.crce have beentlleir way to l'or,tland with choice buUer utI conn., Clio I N'I'·· • 1'- 0ther to the Eut th..n this we have alluded. to. i' e~cels In all. Int<:1y CleRrr:d of yOlmg flak al1'\ fir aUfI put ill

other POfltlCL~. Cattle and sh&ep do well Ther,' Is very little j't1Un farming rlone In eUCK.ul'AA conNTT clllti\'ation. Again ~Ol\th of these ill the San·there, al1l1 t.he county poesenee great ad'·an· M\lltoomah connty. No greai.mount of ltook ti:un hottom, a rich if TloL cxtensive port-ion oftagee for !Iettiement. which will increue lUI is kept here. Market gardenIng And dairyIng b Ilttl"teil Ronth nf Multl1nnl&h, ami chiefly the county. Marion connty pot:Ale8MII vacantfp.cilitiet improve. The count.ry is leneraUy are .hown by the .ccom~,.lng tabl. to be on 'he FAllt ehle of the WHltlmette river. The l:llIJI in the foot hilb amI ill lJC&utiful \'o,lItlysrough, with some open reAches, &lld .baret the the chief element- of prOduction, ... " ta,ket IIIntface onhe Cl'untry ill v.riel1 Arid the "ills thll.t pelJetrnte the 1R001llt.'\iull" This il a richl1eacdption we hAVe given of ClAt.op. The the lea.d in rel{l\rd to "butter, eheflfle, Te,eta· ru.eh clear down t" the Wi1IlImette river In ~Ilnty, hut an)' pcnson ","it.h mooeTate meantCOMt region ill all favorable for stook and hies and potawee, &lld Am,"l fruit- 'hd are cnll come to th1$ or allY othor county in th..:dairy intereata, an(1 all the coontry flit. npand not returned ID the oenlWl. He Is evident the tOme plaecs, 10 th~re Is 0111)' &n occ~.lonl\1 \Yillamctte awl huy improved fanus at verycitiCl! grow and create demand, dairyiDI mus' land I, held tel. coDltdef1l.ble extent In ematI prairie, bu\ Cb.ckaml\ll hl\ll An ol1tcnme t.hat rc'MNIa.hle Iwicc. }'anncl'" lJf "Marion count>·become a Ulore permanent ocottpatiou. All it farms, ai, while there I. only 2,700 ACret in wi1l be pennanent. and eyery ,ell.T _l1O.."S itll l!:r;c cxC(:Ucnt bdliticlI for transr.rtatioD;is. we do not supply our home market reliably cultivation theTe Are oYer 600 fannl. Market incre••ed ,...h....,. Oue huudredalld' fifteen the I"ivcr a8 its West line ie navigaL e most of,.,.ith good d"iry product&. gardening offen ver,. certain rewardl 10 near the ya:l.t; the Oregon &. California roilroatl

, CULUnu. OOtl'"'". a rapidly- ~wln1 metropolia. StTawbenih thouaand ACree of lIu"eye,llll.lltls remain llI' pn.~e.'i SoutlJ itll whole length, 1\lId A narrow. , P"I d 'th h occupied and much that. il'l tUIII1lr\"''''e,1 ~ ill ":l,u¥e n,ad i, J·n,' con'I,lcted '1,-' ~=._. V_-tThis county tiee Ea.st of Clateop and hal a &re grown !M 0 01" all WI sue sn0C8n all I to d I ".;:> .. !._~ .c.I1oll

h . I (ell 3 d. eventu y come n ernalll: ncAl"IlN.S to of a I and nearer t.he foot hilil. So much'al".th.t"••pp-c,·ato L-tter,h,Dlo..-"", t at the price ut lle.llOn to an uoentlA k,' . I I •. I I' ,I·, .'" LIe ~.,. pound, .nd the fetTyman informe,1 the writer mar e gives CllpeCI:\ va lie "" aUf ij III 'IS cUJlIpctition insures reMf\nRhle transportationtlentand it. The KlMkanie oomet inhere and one morning in June tb.t ovel'70 wagon!! with county, allfl trl\nllportation h)' river or r;'lil- I;hnt·gclI. The toWIUI in the !'onthern part of

d ( . . ( d '.- h AI ,._., I h d d "h I' . road COllt, but nttlc. The "·.nt hill tcginll, thi!! county are Mehnm.. Suulimity, AUlna.goo nrmmg III oun 00 1lioii S Ortll. ODI u.::lnee or Mea croeee WI 11m preVloUI whero the land tmuter wOllhl h4"e to look for \-ille, RI"yOo•• , 'l-,.·on ...,1 .l.w

e--n, and

the Western border there are .mall .,..ueVII to 6 o'clock. h' 1 f ,,,,,' j' '" II' ,<tVor a orne, I~ more rcmo c rom ranl!po Ion. North or Salem on tho river is Buttcville, and

and lettlementa on them, and quite • ..ttl.. ft. CIT1' or POIlTUlfD. but it ill the most healthy of 11.11 •. Ami whco 011 thc rnilT'o'md (0. &. C. R. R.) are Aurora.ment is located a' Oak Poin-' TIM .tna.. At we p&III up the rinr we mud bke • the 1o.nd is rCtlllcetl to cultivatioll ia of tlJ,~ Hubbard, Gen'ais and Brooks.wh,'ch pnt ,'nto the Columbia riv-. alon, thl. ,laDee at the anut.t city ,rowitl.c up an the bellt qURmy. ClaekAmNl, Molalla .nd Pud·

.... O' - ding rivers come flown from the mOllntain!!, POLK COUSTYcounty'are ImalI. for they rile ia a ~ of baaka of 'he Wmamette, ' ..el..... mil.. from .nd the riflges hctwCCIi thcir tnlleys MC popu. Is situated opposite Minion on the Wctlthigh hills that divide i' £rem the Nehalem Iii: OODftoence with the Columbl. river. I.ted and fa.q1. h~ing rf&lluced to culth"ntioll. si,te of the WiJiarnette; is JivenifitKl with ran.river, whicb il only eilM to foaliela. mil. Astoria il abol1t twenty mn.. froIn tht (leUR, The ¢enaul shows the Jl"8se'll!!ion of ~ nluable 801 of hlllll and beautiJul \'alleYI, an fertile

d P~'-od L_ h--..I--..1 11_ .1._ amount of Iit'c stock I\nd fl3irylng is exten8lve-d,',tan" W, ,honld be glad to do he~- jas- \D \Inola a_' one \I.DU.nQ mU. MlUY. I th· kl ,.Ied 1 d·n· to . II ."" ..- Iy C&lTiel1 0"; the)' "avo a gOOfI pTOnortion of &nc - IC Y 8b , alll I en ma na y lDtice to tbill connty than ia poeaibl.. ud we Anona. Some autprIee maT bt t.l' lot W· ."Ine, rltille lIome corn IIonn a gTel\t many potA. cltl\raeter from YamhiU, ita rich Nortbel'nrnuat conf_ io h&vm, piJled a ... ,.,., iDf a .-a ooaunerclal cd,," ...ted 10 tar iii· toea In the Nr)rth end and on S.ndy rher bot- neighbor, for it is true that every county infor it from facti we -'bel' ud -1Udat..11 ~ ftt PltanJ. OlMidJII flOIitrol oommerot la tom for the Port"'n(l ml\rkd. It ",180 lI\\a,nd, tb ~'Ilam tto II . h

0- -, aeeond in orchard. I\n,1 ill wen calcul.ted for e .. I e va ey~e8 Ita own c :lor·with itll people. Our mbecription U.t OVel' at ibe oaYei, and humu enterpriee comes t. C fi I I (3.cteristics. Polk hlt8 a smaller area of valleyRi\"erside. on the Nehalem, abowl we have pJ.r to conOrm the decree of NAtnre. la time tru~t.i. Illlc1t1.~m"" ¥ll'....th arge. Yo in ~nn a.cd· land thnn others, hut it ill ",'ell favored aOlt

the lower Columbia region. wlU be .-opted turCH gOOf s U'CcllWle 0 e Vati01UI QU II an eqno.l to :Ulf. in gClleral pro-perity. It alsomany friende there, and from them we ha.. W,·.L=O..... ind••try and the "lfdemeM f1'Ui woolen fac\ory lrK:.Md ai Oregon City, I .. two . d d 'h . " ~_

. ed h' h .. f tb N hal ~ W at the Fall. of 'h. W,II.m,'te. Th. -I,n I ru OIl. sane 11ver or ranapol ....gam • If .pprecl.tion 0 • e em be.u ued by ih.labor of man, bat the-, ... .,... t'on IUld tv>rbar, tI eet 1 hi rt·t ' I th Sea di ...L..... ""'- milia tbere tUnl ont I\n imm.".e quantitr of I, ... - Ie m va ua e po Ion.coun ry. .... any 0 ae are n na.---, tide ol ..~e-meDt for twen"·ft.... 1'" I1I'qt ....... of both thlll an Yamhill countiea are to he

and it ia inber6ltinq to notioe that thete peo- iato tbe bt-autUul Wmamette nJley toDd DO- doth, CMlil~~re, bl,,\nedketa an~ Bundelll halt found close up to the foot hills of the eoa..,pie lleldom locate in prairie countri., butpn. OlIltfd anti oult,i••ted. ib. open pratrt. aDd CUlooi wa1 uo exoel in qUA ity, an lI11pp Y Range. In tune. grca.t portion of thie eou,fer hilly regions, where rich loil il aooomr.- h,· that inTited the plow. The ci- of Pon. our boma demand 'M wen AI are teat to Cali· u .... .:.e "iU L oc uI" ..1 w '.1 ..ttl , .

. d ,. d to d ~ be I' 1.__ -J ·fomia. Orego~ City, ""hich is-the oldellt town.a.--es IJtl c l to.... I . I. ers, or ItlDie uy goo wa ran wm r. t 18 nac or land Wall originally looated to aapply &hil mAny p.1.rtll the ra.nge con.~ista of beaches ofwork, ofCOline, to make a home in luch a re,ion. ~d as time rolled on and the ooontry in tbe Stete, Is in this oonnty aad is.itt chief great fertility thl\t will be reduced to cultiv••cO'lotry, but wben made It boldl the beu1l8 of d..eloped the citT mad.e eqaal 1f'0"th. For. toWtl. Here is. water power that CIon utilite, tion when popnlation 11egins to acClDnUlate OUeettlere aud their children. Ai tbe y,reeent many Jeate th, Willamette valier w.. eub. if reqnired. 1'1011 the Summer 80w Clf the Wil· our hands. Along the riycr front of Polk W8

time the chief settlementl on the Neba em are 'laDti.lly Oregon, and even to.day about !amette river. The abnlp' fall ill About thirty fino J.iDc"ln, )<:Ola. ]ullepcnfltlllcc "nd Buenalocated iu Columbia county. The rush for three.fifths of Ute pOpulation of Ute St.te reo feet, and III a very pictttra.sque vle«'. 'r"ne Yillta, .011 w1.l:k from. itnre Monmouth, DallalJIlOl'e open landll cam. people f.r up the side on the wl'lokn of the Wmametle river &lid S....te ha.a aioed private capital te conlltruct a the eo.nty 8ca.t, Rickren-I, Bethel, Zena and~ia, away from iimber and w.ter a reai ita tributalies, and rour.f1ftha of the lurplua Iteamboat CA(na1. with PCf,mbol\lIl"l~~nlOCK!!, other toWtl.ll. A gOOfI collegiate institution il.t~oce in many CUM, and where product. whMt 01 O...gon is IhiplM'd from tht. Talley.•round th~e .118, st a COIIt 0 a lit. ONIVU,OOO, loc."ltCtl At ';"Jomnolllh" ~lln't'vor-nencrnl Tol.haft to be8Qld cheap becaUH the oeMt 01 bane· n WAI alao found that YeMell cnnld ~ there by meabl of which llwambol\.t navigation is RlIVI iuforms us that during the prellentl8al!ooportation is necelurily great., tboash that for oar~ ao we eoe the m~reh&ntra 0' Pori. continued tLronon the blls and (r('e cornpet.i· he !1M had aurn/'s extcnded into the foot hilldifficnlty may be expected todeenSM1D time. land beckoning \0 the comm.erce of the 'WOrld tion in han!!portation instlroo to the prcxlucera and mountAin"va ley region of Polk county.To-day, we believe the NehalemTaU"1 0.... and ateamers, llhilM' and Veue111 of all degrees of tlbe Willamette nlley. and sUT\"eyora report more goorl la.nd t.han WlUl

as RTeat. opportunitiell all any part or Oregon come from every ..tiOD aDd an the 88M. to the TANRILL OOU~"TY. llnpposed to exillt in tha\ direction. Thei>r t.he barfly aettler not alraid to work. The Columbia. anti climb ItII flow and at our troth ill. even the beIIt eettlerl portiOft!l of thisutan who.ilI carry a htile money tb*e k> whan.load produe. to feed the old world. Tbil eouDty lies Welt. of C1ackama.a and valley have neighhorillg mountAin valleYI ..ndMaJs' clearing ea.n.oen open a farm. and ha". BAck of the eitv, .bout a mile from the ri"fer, South of Waahington and claimll to be the bench ludl that are of t.he best character in]W'Oducta for ...Ie. Prob.bl" good roada are is. ran,e of abrup' billa, and for two mile. Eden of 0"'80n. 1t il a magnificent fanning manri re'!i.tIl, of which pcopltl generally are... yet made to the Columbi.l'tver, bot if ihe and a hal(, L_~..n tha bi"- and ,hll river, . h ,'-fu ,·gun..n.. Polk OOtUlty hall all the

II d d 8 . hed th Id UII:I."" 1M -...lon, &8 CfLn be Jullrtcc\ (rom the cenens reo ID "" ". -coulltry Wd a ma e an 011 ere wou lie the atreet.e of the city aDd all itls Dlertlhan. ''''ri' e 1U1"/Ultages poss('~ hy any of the WiUamett.enot be the same opportunitiet th.i are to be diM .nd Indostrle-. lfere are macbine eho"," wrna. Thie connty hAIl AOme hilly ""ngee counties, which is Raying & great deal. 'rheh&d now for excellent loc&tionl. The fact manuf.ctoriet of man,. kiftda, grer.i~ toDd through it, hnt. consilta oaicfly of rollins prai- \'Alleya of the Rickreal and Luckiamute arethat strikes us lUI IllgniBcant ft, our land t.&ble warehouMI thai aceommod,ak • whole1a1e tie lan.d th"t ill unexcelled for prodnctlon o( fR.vorit.e portions of Polk county, and mnchllhows that. four·fifthll of the oouniy baa heeD. trade, and the many gradell of retail ltoree. wheat and othcr ()Creall, and rAnks \'ery high, good fnmlillg land lie8 in this county. on thelurv.,.ed, and in this connection we may MI 1'he reaideoet atreet- of the city are man,. of according to it. .1'0&, for wheat prodlteed. SOlltht!rll brl!ll~hcll of the Ynmhill river.well explain that IUrveyS in Weat.ern OratOn them elegantly built ap, and the luxnry' (If This Wall" flo"forit.e reston with e:l-tly !etbl:et1l, T1'have nearly ceMed because remaining I.ode, "eal'b ,'-"n,l, thoo, "ho h.v. L_n 'ortn- d an - 'c their home8 hore in the for'ie. nE:-;TO~ (lOr':" •h h h' th fl' I ..~.v uuu an m y m",u . South of Polk, on thtl coMt side of the WiI·t oug muc 0 em t Or eott ement., are nate. We have.1I the modem applianCfll to in- The land oftice informs us thn.t 140,000 acros

hilly and wooded, while the more open landl sure luxury or comfm, and probably the 'of anrveyeil "'nd in YII.mmtl reml\ins ullsettied. Il\mtltte, is Benhm connty, which roochee toEa..~t of the Mountains .re euier to run lIur· workman here 'tlCllr61 better ""agel .nd e.n If this is the Clllle It looks lLII if the immigrant the ocenn, inducling Yl\Qllina Uay, towardsvey tinea over l\nd much more profitable to live.t 181M COlt. than In older citiea a.t the in &e&reh of a homellkl\d coulrl "froM to inves· which ils fal'II1CI"ll and citi7,cnl generally lookthe surveyor. The policy of those who have "AlIt. For t"o milea the river front ill lined tigate itl! vaclI.nt lam18. Ynmhm collnty haellucve,.ing contra.ctA 18 to locate them on lands with wharv6I and warehoulJet loud & 8eet of manr thri,-ing town" R'ufl "i1lagCll, sucb 1\.8 wit.h hope that they nrc to hue io the futurethat can be e&8ieat surveyen, so 'V8IItern Ore' river stearnen come and go continually. It i. Mc~ inn"iIIo, Amity, Shericll\n, Dayton, LA- l\ harbor t-O ship th~ir Jl'"OdllCtA. A railroad is~on lands remain neglected. If Columbia haa true that our commerce" il llubject to lOme f"yette l\nll l\orth YAmhill. and with thc' projcctefl f")II1 (\'I,\,:l1lis to Yaquina, and thelOOn four·fifthasurveyed, it b.. been because difficult.iee, but Preliident Hayee ehows in hi. Yamhill :\I\d Willam6llite riven h"t.h IlIwigl\.. mount"lin region it tt/lversell is said to be in

the lands are fit for lettlemeni aDd lie 10 (a· laat m.....ge that. he eppreciatel our situation ble, l\nd two linlle of N\.ilrearts thmngh it, the 81'('nt PArt an excellcnt country. There ill,'orably that llurveyon could make goodW~M and urgM t.bat the Colombia neOO.ll and de- tnwsportation question hILl! been weIl 801\'ec1. 1,110 much good Io.nd over on the ocean side,running their line.. Along tbe Ealt side of servell money expended on it. a.a much as the Yamhill sumns third ill I"t!S~t to valne of and the possibilities of t.he future includet.he county is lOme rich bottom land wi'h~ M" " . . Tb f t f P rtl d' t ( niI'- I k hi"" ad d h d dfarme and·thlck settlement. But theee are eo I1811l111ppl. e u ure ( a an III UIIurec ann pr lie..... Ant rail s o. 111 e'"el)' lIl:\ny ....autages an RllIC progreu an e·

by the fa.ci that greAt railroad oorporations reaped lUI to fJQil, pl'OductiollS anel All lIocial \'c1opllleut. The IIUrfa.ce of tne COmIty isDear Portland, and therefore 10 ••lIable, that center their linee here, .nd it il PMtti't'ely qualitJ.~. varied in every degree. The valley lands ..retl~ey were claimed a' aa early day. . decided that the whole railw.y II)'Uecn will MARI0S COUl'TY. thickly settled along the Wil1"mette and con·

XULTNOHAH COUNTY. focUl at this poiD&' There ia all'Mdy great. etitute the best agricnltural t"Cglon. King'sThis county oceupiee &n.rrow .trip of land wealth bere lUtd il it heine rapidly InCll"$M8d Thill connty is South of Clackaml\ll aml EMt Yalley, close nntler the mountains, ia a valu&-

extendidg from Columbia oounty .Iong tbe by addition o( fo~ign caPital. The city hill of the Willamette. reaching hack in a Mr· ble spot, amI the \'n.llcya and dreams t.hat putnow over 20,000 population, a well perfected rower form to the lIummit of the CssCAf1ell. into the oeea.n nre to become \'/Llnable in the

South side of the Columbia river to 'he lam· and lbeftlly ,upported free IChoot system, a future. Cor\'nllis is th~ Crnmty Scat and one't f tl n_ d Ra d h The census shows thl\t in 1R7D it took the leacl Iml 0 Ie ",,"SCA e nge, an al a great acore of churoh6fl, a good cl&81 of private edu· of the chief to"'IS of the \'n.1 ey. Monroeand

fleaJ of bottom land tha" ta subj&e\ to periodi. CAtional inatitntionl, all the llOCial and COlli· in value of producte. Crossing l'udding river, Philomath aloe impOl1:nnt towna aliO. Co..al...-.al overflow, bot very Ya1uable for hay, grail mercial element. I'eceeu.ry k! a Wf'l1 ordered i1a North bounf1nry, ..'e come upon French Ii.'! is the Rite of the Stn.te As:ricultunl College

commonity, and i. glOwth and power mnat Prairie, n'enty-tive mh from Portla.nll, Il.IItI which is II. thl;vill~ iUMtitutlOn, and there ie •and veget&blet. According to our la.nd table benceforth.oorrerpond with the ltatul of tbe collcgt! of a sectarian character located at Phi-there is Iti1l23,OOO acree of surveyed land In whole Columbian 1'8f{ion. It is doubtfnl if are in the hElfLrt of t.he WiIlo.OIette nlley. IUlIlath.

'ty' th, "orld Wl'tb tb...m, po ,I This nra.ilie section reach68 from the Willal!l-"ho county UDBettled, attd two.tiftha of the any CI 10 pt a- ~ I'" ·1tion has all muoh act.ual wealth and 10 extea- etta nver to the foot hi Is, auunt twenty IllI csland is unlloneyed yet. Of ooune: all av.il atve a oommerce.. lQuare, and is co\'erell with an old fanningobt,lande

"n th,' ...nt po.. t al oountry. There are thriving towns alOlJl' thes Y.~ grea T ue W....ancOTO:'l' OOUN'1'Y. 0f t.h· ... to h ra.ilr'(lA(l. After pa8fling throuSh fir tim her

rom ell'Vlclnlt.y t e navia&ble waten of Thl. connty 1.·.. w-~ of Multno·mab and 0 I P" I fi '1e- ...... we CODie npon .,a em .·,"I'1e, am \'e nil ell

tho Columbia and bec&use of their ne&nlflll W &otb of Columbia, and oonslsw in great. part brings U8 to Salem. Ule CApitAl o( Orcl?on, "the city of Portlll.Ild, the great Metro~li.and of the Tnalatin PlaiDl, a pr&irie lltretch of beautiiul town of neArly 6,000 inhalntante,commercial center of the whole NortJfPacific which hn.II clmrchee o.IlI1 schools ami all thewhich fa in tb4s oounty. The unaurve,.eei country div~ed by belting forests and trait- of eociety that. dietinguish Ntl1V EnGlandi..lnd, of couree, ies in the foot. bnlll and moun- running llWeam&, framed in by hills on aU towns. Willl\metteUnh'crMity isloca.t.ctl h~re,bina of the Cascade Ra.nge. We can ilIus. sides, forming one of the most attra.ctiYe 160- one of t.he beet oolleg08 on the Pncific Coaat.b"Att. 'be ability of~ io find looatioll& of tiona of the 8~t.e.·and one \bat waslett1ed at A ~t water power goeR thongh the townaooollancla _v..ioM "'.market ~ IiMnriDc ••oq -11 4007, 8 ..... \bri'fil>& »I- u ..... <hive...voral win. and 'actori.. ..d will

~\~'=="",.::-==,=.o:=:=.=.=.n='?='="'='-='':'-'=-'=,;'==:=~~'"~j§".,~,.;,~,~~l"~rl~''~il=i'~'A!<~Mli:R='='~l'tl=i<.~·I~'LA=N:;IJ~,~O~ltlillo~'=N~,~li~B~ii~R\)~AA~'='l==1,=1~~~1=.==j========~'~"~"~_'~_=""'''iu otlr State. with a wide prairie country all I wOOtl.erl, am\ watered, for tho lno~llbina that D\'erage yit!ld of lohi, valley W&lI M gT'tiat. as we a fann and man"ges it well hM no trouhle to

, I I'" I h I I I fro....h n "'0 'ea1" lui ba\'c ever known it in thirty yen.., or neal'ly find one to rent when he wants on. awl illaround it that. Btl-etehes NOl't I &Ill :SOu,,"" or I eUll It\ scn( ( OW~ ,n l" v . I I, . ' u:ort oulea "'ithout a bro/\k. It rc::l.t~hes btlek ,iiUWl.lllS to rdrc,>'! It. fhe ~UCl..'e89IC1ft of IlIl~s 80, alUl whill' lann will deterio~ate if colitillU- t.he mean time ha may 10l:att: a hOlllest.ead of,X) tLe mountains all1l08t, all,l beYOIlll it is the I anll vl\ncya t.:tlm~lIIes. C\-cry Ill". of beanty In all)' cropped without rest or fertiliting,. et.ill it. his own if he finds aile wortll ha\,jug.region of foot. hills &url Ulount:lin valleys IBnllscA.pe, ~n,l hflen lu.elf l:oultl not. o~far morn is tme tllat llUlds cropped for 2.5 to 40 ytmrs The COBt of wheat fannmg in av"rage yearawJlich ani unrivaled. The bl·(l.Dclliug streA1II1 perfect n:ltlve clun:llhl. Th•.moun~III' th!"t yet yiehl well when well tre&ted. The c.I~y is lIot to exceoo f7 50 an acre for all expenseof the Salltia.nl reach from the ulOttutains frame tI~ vallay ~Ith a ruggl~ 8ettlllg are lU fornul,tlon of thi, valley BeeUMlS pennanenoo In of plowing, harrowing. seed, harvesting, haul­where they form boaut.ilul VI\lICYS tbat aro thl'JUaelves Uea.utlful, but ae If to crown the the soil, all.1 when we hoar of a piece of land ing and threahing, ami we call the rent of theactually ljUt'lf!riOI" soil to the pr!l.il·ie portion. lall,lecApes with supcnlal Chal'liiS they are all I,'rench I'mrie that W&8 til..t cropped by a land to pay interelft on its value $2 60 more.llack of Scro~ in the valleys made hy th~ forks 'Nl\tcho\1 o~er by IlllOwy pc;lklJ, whose 1\l~t1e8 half-bl'cell fifty yea,·' ago, ami hal ,inee 'fhi. makea a total of $10 an acre at tho moat01 the South Sl\utiaJn, ia a ohoice country tl\l~t clul.IIgt,! With the 6eaaons. hut Ilevtlr ~:ul .to yi\!I.ted nClI.l'ly or quite 1,000 buehele to the liLer,,1 calculation alltl covers all the lahorwill build that pla~e up with hllPOI-tl'lIlt tl'l\lle VO"~css throngh all the Ileason au awe IIlsplr· IWl'e in I'L half century of continual rlemand, renderell and coot incurred, As the averngelince it il reached by the lI11ITOW gauge rail· Ill:; IWCl'lCIlCe, ,tha.t c.an he setlll allil. felt hut b.·ing able to l'ellpolld with thitiy five to the price of wheat is nearly a dollar a bushel androad. Brownsville anlll.el)allOll, also touchell uev~r toltl, I h\!I'e UI no 1lI0m be:U1tlrull~uU~l' nere after a Summer· fallow, we nnu~t conolUtle the average yield twenty blls~el8 an acre withby tbe narrow gauge, have .. gre:\t connky try III the ,\,,0l'1J., 1I0no !llore \)e1'm~u)llt ~n that tho soil of the WilI&lnette valley .. to be ollly ordinary cultivation, it will be set!n therebutween th.ln and the 1lI0llntnina, alHl Lack of char1loCter. With more fel'tlle alit laetlllg amI. dilpelllied on, 10'01' four yeara put, and until hall been a good business, if not a vp.ry:profita­Leballon is the Sweet H,wue YAlIcy thllt Ae if to mnk.e its e"Xcelieul.'es cOlllpl,(l~, the the 'pl'UlIellt yenr, whe'"t h.., bel;tn '1.00 a ble one, in wheat cultUl"tl. We hl\vl;t 8l\ld withroaches far into the Cn.::It'~"c lbll~\!.. There.is I temperate c1IHll\te that exelutltl~ VICISSitudes busbel, anti with rea.sonable freigbte would good cultivation, and we mean it, men whoa prQllperoua woolen lIIill nt RI'Jwn:'l\'illc, ""lid: lIf lu:at :lnd e()~d. u:<cept ~t 111llg: lUt\!l·v.ala and now be 8ii to 90 celltl, but fl'eight8 to Kng. do not farm well don't succcerl better here...'ater powers are fOllllll alllultlt O'hy ....-h\!re, alj: for >thol't .l)(l.U1~, ,,1.10 lII~tIl·C.1 ('~I'.t&lIlty. of 1,10,1 are now 60 Cilutl a buehel, owing to our than elsewhere. Thcre is much poor fa.nningthey ea,lIbe easily colUhlt~tt:.l.·ulll the IlWlIlI· I ~ru)lsby III1IllUlI,ty fl"tJllI,I~l\lth. Ihe 11.!h'lon large cl'Oll aUllBcarcityof tonnage, and prices done hfilre, too much, llond it doesn't pay and\ain .trea.ma by CIUuWJ, l\iI i:t the t::~ al H.liclll. ' I. 1I,~:lithjul a.::I wull alj tk.hg:htJIll. I.t Ilj. so throngh the vu.Uey have not aV'el·a@eJ. 76 cent.-. nevel' will,Jeff03non and Albany. LillI' is. a IUlLgnitictlnt I\,eo. .. th~ ~ce:U1 that pl'mhlt'b IJCnr a rll-V" pnce. "'h~l:It farming has cert&ihly been profitahle IN THE TOW!'o"B.county and po68t.'iIS6S the ho'O t1\.Ilru:uls that we t U l'ent \,.'ttHlI wtI1 grow to cl'ei~tea home l1emawl, here in the put, and will be sure tob. in Ule The profeasiollo.l man, hlel"Chant, mechaniofound in Marion alill Lhu riyor much uf tlu! yC:U'. a.nJ a8 eooo lUI lI1lW1Uiactul'l~ ~n be eet.&b- futUl·e. or laborer, can select his home in Port1l.nd,Alongihe O. &. C, R. It. ",·a tiUtI AlI.J.111Y, Tau- , hlf!letl tho.t hUII\~ delllnll~ will IUC...u>e, and V.... R&XTlEA OIP WHKAT. h t'lI ba h tl d h dgent, Shedd, loUd Halsey, anll almlg: the Iwcrarc . th~ al,~nltla.II,t" arer PO" u~~, thl\~ tlqDal a.ny· What is kllOWJl a8 the 0111 white ",inh:,· t a WI soon ye a un ,"6 t ousan popu·Alhany, Peoria alill Ral",i.tIhurg, Linll ill COli· Itlllllg !'e'<'! 1',tlM".lalltl ~'U1 oller, Will i10metl!lle wh~t Wad oril(inally brought here Ly thtl la.tion, where real eetate is rapidly rising, eo,itICl'8l1 the great agricnltullil cOlinly in Wc~t· mnkc It. n\'&~ ~~w }t.llgh~l,l'e llIanufactunll.g Co f I that a l'8IIideuce lot, well situated, 5OxiOOem Oregon. ~brioll o.lifl L:Ule will !"ivaI it, ~ lltoll.,enty, 1Ills may,',>O III th~ futul'tl. but It Hudson Hay ~pany, an~ is 0 fir'St qua ity feet ia wortb 11,5000 to f.:l,OOO, or he canbut J.,;,,:loll willllrolMhly lliwaye It·."l in r3\'om- ca~lnot be ~oubtttJ. 1h~ un.tlve wea~th of 8011,1 hfU'llly halt allY e£ltlal 111 poPlllar favor.Lie S6l1S0118. \'v'hcl\t growing ~ tile "I'c.:ialty I tlus valley bee not ouly In SOil and ehmate, ; White vclvet wheat ill prov",,-I to be fully as can ehooee among a hundred country townlhere, but the ceueUii tailltlll :show th,ltuther i,~, but UIOI"C nre g:1:cat IlIHlc.,·elopcll 1'l:~OUI·C6lj. 'go(l~1 ~1I11 l)Cdl;~Plj marc pl"Ot.luctiv~.. Spring that ani favorably located, or he baa thetel"CSta aMl liOt nl.lgleo..:tcJ. MUt.'h etock IS We (10 1I0t IlPlwuclute tl.lt~ value of tilt: forCl'lt:l ,Val'lCtl(~a 0 wlute wheat, ,ucb as Chile Club, country to select h~m, To be plain about it,owned in Linn, &lllll\.i gooJ stock aI in JIl~t ~llat clothe the 1Il0unt;~1II~ IU,?UII,t ua. botls of ILittle Club" AUBtl'll.liall, a~ld others, are, pop' the man who comea to \\'e~tem Oregon orparl8 of the State. A1L;uty h:til an excellent lroll ore otfer untold wealth Iii YUlU~ to COllle, uiUl' alill rellnhle.. A red forench wheat, IlItro· Waahington without money needs a finn willwater powor and a flax luill Lhtll1l utilizes flax Q.1ll1 tha IJInnufacture of Irolll~~~ already C?IU' dUcetl 1I0llle YC(u's abro 11y the Salcm Mills and mWlclell that won't reaflily tire. There ilfiber, grown in Linn county. fOl'the lHanufac- D1~llcelt at Oilwego, on the \\lllamettu, clght Flouring COIII)lRny iB an oxcellent variety,lmt not a deal·th of Illcch,,"ieAl I:IhlJr llere forture oj aU lIintls of l.nen twine, which is a mllea al~ve Portland, where ,a ftlrnl\~e hl\~ Nt! whea~ are not geue.rnlly as vnlllable for mechauica arc aloUlIdllllt, tllflllgh the buil(lingcommencement we lUay hO\IC to lIee dc\'elop ~tn~ tunung out a vurr supcnor qua,h~y of expfil"t, a:s it ilj the peculio.r whitellOI:lfJ or Ore. of railro<lllH Willl'C\'lJllltionh.e the Inlmr mnrkctinto a great industry. \\ lile wheat is tJle rig 1,1'011 ror a mU!loor 0 y~l:I.n~ PIl8t. ',Ius oro ~Oll whcat anti ftonrthntconuua.nds a preminm anll give occupatitJU to tllllU&'I.lltht in huildingproduct raised for expo!'t i!i ttl" W ilb.lll~tto 1-1 salll be fowld In. a COlltmuoWl Ao£!O~'t th;'t III ":ngli~h JlHt.r~cte. Tht!~ are many variet,ieB '4> IU'W tow IlS and ncw C(HllltI'Y bou8es, &8

2"we al-lo export he&vl1y of wool, bc,.ldcs meets the Columbia 1I.ear the VIt.;lUlty o~ St. of whel\t expenmellted With. We have tried wtllI ae in cOIlHtruut.illg thc rands alltl their

IDg oatil, IiAy, vegetablca and kUKH of nil Helene. The m~un~nf!l h,H'e goM and Bllver, Gol~lell Crown Club ~ith gootlauoceel, a email equipmeuta. We lfpeak UIOI·C from the Bgri-da. copper and loa.tl, lU dl.tful1:nt lliacetl along tho gram but heavy white wheat. The popular cultural etau,lpoillt than otherwille. 1( we

LANII: COOI\TY Caseadee Range, anti In time these resoun.'cs varietiee hel'ti are DoC thOfle we read of in had manulact.urilllg estal~i!lhlllellts weH under...itnated at the head of the Willamette val. will be ma.J.e availah1e. B~'t theae are not Eastern journ~la Ott:enst. Ninety day w~e~t way, of CQ\lnlO the county "'ould h&\·e in-

. nece-sary to.pre.ent p:o'iperlty, nor do we ex· took a first pnlle at. t~e CelutenDlal, and It 18 ducement8 for aU killtls of lahar, All theley and reaches frum the ?a.aea<1e mount&iue peel. to reahze them In out day. The ~an clailDed that White Rueaian wheat yields.ery towus have shope and factoriee in a I!.mall wayto the ocnn, with an area J~t about equal to who~u a new. country natural.ly d.eslI"eI Il;,r$ely and.i.e a v~lu!,ble. variety. 'fh~re is a and some of them ho.ve fOUUlhics and machineboth Unn and Marion, W"hl~b are t.he lI.ext that It ~hall.offer tntlucemellta ~ hiS chlhlron dlilerence tn lOll In different count.iee and woru. fl'iuishing work, such &8 floors, win·

1& I h n t' I" _ L__ and their chIldren. The one dlagret'albe fact wheat from some '81.:tione is pronoWlced. be~ dowllt mouldings, etc., is iound everywhere,...-t 0 t e v&aey COUD. I.. ...-..e ~ a to be -, ',','.' , ., th' "h h I f I be I '-"-. . . urgau abralns 1 Ie 101180 IOlnewm~ ·.e tel' quahty thlll othert. The aettler wlll800n anu e a un( ance a lun r at ow pnoe

more dn'erllfied ~haraeter. than any other 1'&In)' I~na are protract4;tl, but the ,"um- leam frolll hil neighbors .....bat their expeTi- make. building inexpen6iva. The wages ofCOlli.lty. Itl praine. reachea are very. exte!'· gn.nt fro~ Nebnl.lka or MIII!leeota gen~~lly enoe hal been ... to beet varietie. and best ordinary mechaniC8 range from $2 to $3 alive and equally rerhle. W~ h"ve VISited, In prefen. raul to enow. and IC~, ~d teJOlcel cultivation. One thing ia positive, the WH. day, maaons and bricklayel1l ;uk more.t~e Eutern porti?n,. the f3.rl~ of our eltoemed when hiS .~k can WID~r With httle or no lamette Valley grOWl wheat thl\t il a perfect The city of Portla.nrl ill full of workshops.tried Hon. M. WlIkmll, prMldent of t.b~ State care from hlOl. , We .bebeve ,tack should?e belT)' in"{l respects and command, a fancy Here we have a numher of foundriea aud ironAgricultural Society, whOlire he and.hll.lOn, fed, aome h~':B tn Winter to k~p them ID price-the best pftce paid in the wodd'. moat works, and three eata!.Jliellmenta make fumi·rraw pin, raiBe long· wooled ,heep and thrifty oondltlOD, but only at a tn8mg expenH exacting rnalket.. ture. Our friend Ira F, Powen haa an exten·Devon cattle and have a ma~inficent farm compared witb many Northern Statel. The Rve furniture factory on the river bank inthat both liel on the prarie and climb. the rainy 18&80na in.ure good cropland constitute DIJ.naJUIo--r COORSii'! TO FOLLO.W. thia'city, where he ma.nufactures aU .tylca offoot hill. We have nliJo visited t:\O great the most healthy seMon of the year, We Tbe emigrant who CORlca here de8lroUB of a fUl'Ilittlre to sa.titdy a demand that cOIUp-a fromrrain farm \Veftt ()f EugelJe, of Mr. Oeor~ have o~lly to refer to the census .tallics ror ex home in a well org&uized eodety aut! good far and neM. lie calHe here since IBiO andBelshaw, one of tho mOIll~ auccesdul ~f Ore~oD planation of the. protluct. of thiS vaUey and country, hlened with gnmt pl'ivilegelll, will opene{1 a seconJ.·hallll stal'O, and haa grownfarmeJ:s, and whose rc!ll\bl~ experience. we Ita eevertal countlcs. natunrJI look to the Willamatte Valle. If into a. bUllinellll that 11l a cl'edit to himseU uhave often recorded. Our frlellrl John Simp· W.t.U'l"CULTORK IN Tit. WII.L.4IIKTTL y. . . y ,,-ell .. to the city and State. We instanceIon li.,.ea over on the waters or Siuslaw which I hit 5000 '1 he haa money this II a ra\'onte country to 10' hie euccel'll to .how how live men thrive here.enten the ocean, and other. rriendl ~f ours t u at eM , equ~re 101 ee or over ?Ate in. Land ~f all gradea of cultivatIOn and New induetriM are springinK up oonetantlylin South of Eugene ~here the .ucceseion of 3,000,000.~ of good SOil ~d ~nly two- ~mprovOlnent I, ID the market and land agents and tohe enterprillling mechlt.ll.ic who ie,:;:al tohilll aDd valleY' we glide pa.at ... we travel by tlfth of thll IS III any sort of cultlYatlon at the In Pvrt1a.Dd And &11 other taw~ have fanN the oeeasion C&Q find openings and e hiatrain aWord channing "'tal to the delighted preaent time. Only a little over one· tenth of fo~ aa~e. Take th~ beat f~rnung. l~da of way hel'e.•ye. lADe county nanXM' every variety of 'b I" II (350 000 I . \\ uh1Ogton, Yamhill or Manon, and Improv- TRANSPORTAT'ON 'ACrLIT".,

J___ '\. la' - 'I 'b'll' . e area 0 Ie va ey , acree wu 10 ed farma may be priced at • .tn &II acre and .....au~ 101, moun In anu 00 I, pr.u1e8. . .• . . ~'Tb I lb'>and ~lIer nlley.; while over to,...ardt the wheat tn 1879, and when the polllblhtice are probably the Improvementl WIU ha~e ooet han e Wit amette Va ley is a wluantlyeup·«lUt there it no doubt that mueh good land put to the test it will be aeen that tbe pro- the su~ Take t.he a~erage farnllng lanll of plied with tranaportation. 1'he Oregon Rad­inritM lettlement. Lane county, ae the land duction of this valley can be vutly incl'eUed. the Wdlamette and prlCCB rang1l from ~15 to way and Navigation Company has a line 01 &IItahle abowe, _xs. nearly three millione of !It b&eomMi v........ t1vident that while it i, lV\&tIi- flS,an acre fO,r,good farme, perhapl not 10 t,he 6

_., r-- I , I I " A h ~I. ne steamers aI sail the Ot:en.n, running everyact'81 in ana, only two-fifths of which has ble to put in wlu,at ahn06t. the year round, c 1000eI oca 110108. lD&D can come. l'te Wlw.lbeen aurveyed, while but a little over on.- the most aatieCactory cultivation for preBetva· 11,000 to 110,000 .and ~Iect. accordUlgly. A five days between Portland aud San Francisco,lIIIIil or the mrnyed. land is Bettled upon. No tion of BOil and actual profit comes from Sum- e~1l fann wel~ ttll~ WIll nl,lt refuse a Kood and have two 0l01'8 now in course of construc'dwbt it haa a great proportion of mountainl mer·fallowed aud FaU·ljOwed land, which i, hVlDg to a family; tl~nLer ""lid. bruah land"can tion at Chester, Pennsylvania. 1'he1 are allin • limits, for it haa for ite borrier the Cali- certain under favorable conditions to yield 30 be ~&:d, or Ialld t~a~ Ie part ~Imber and :part new iron steamers, fitf:.ett with every knownpt:da RAnge that eroMel from the Caacade to 3:) bUtihels, and fre~uently a8 much ~ 45 r,ralrle, or all prune, a~d pa1d for ~cor<h~g- convenience and improvement. They have an'da_,. to the Coaat RAnge, and forma the bushel, per acre. It 18 aafe to expect thl~y y. "e know of a et:ct!O~ of l.&lld In Marlon large tleet of LargC8 lllllt elt!gant Mvel' steamerstli""le lletweell the ·Urnpqna valley and the bUllhelB, and the profit from on& ¥ood crop II county that could be dlvJded mto four good running on the waters of the Columbia anltW.lDernette. The chief town is I<:ugene City, more than when annual cropping III followed, fa.nna, and hali of which could be cleared at a Willamette riven; they OWII the locka a.t thea L~iful place, a good J.>Oint for trade, and During late years Chinese labor. hM been cost of~ 00 an llo(We to,gt,'lb up thll !Cattererl fall of the Wilhulltltte, o.nd are now construct.delltinbd to be an educatlonal.eentre, t\I the used largely to clear Ia.nd of small tllnberand·, hazel on I~, and all of It IS food gratmg land, ing a railway from Portlaud to the UpperState University ielocated there and ie maJt- brush to sow to wheat. Many tb(Jusanua of or ean elWly he made so. t h:\8 over $500 Columbia. l'hia corporation, with millions a,iug very suceeuflll progreM. Junction, ltv- acres have been cleared by white a8 well lUI worth of improvementl on it and quite an their command, have revolutionized the pros­in", Springfield, Creawell, GOIhsn and other Chinese labor, and production incroued there- amo~l1t o~ ~and. il cleared or doetl n?t ne~ pectl of tpe country in the short time of fifopatnte have importance. Improved farms can by. Mr. Deloe Jelfereon, aoout four yean eleanng; It ~ ncb valley and footh.i.ll BOll, teen montbe and their enterprise, which 866lD.Ibe purehaeed in thil connty at reaeonable ago spent $2'2 an acre to door land, had it. good wooll and water, &lid can Le bought for unbounned, is woo on fun confidence in theprieM, and a county that hal so much unoc· wl'lI plowed in the Fall and again in the '3,000 We don't doubt that plenty of land future of the country, and knowledge of itacopied land naturally oWen opportunitiee for early ~prillg, and had 42 hushela to the acre is for sale at from la 60 to S5 OO·an acre that undeveloped resourcetI,We shall trace theirthe atock gtO...er u there mullt be a grtll.t ex· for the tint Cl'Qp, which he sold-or could have wi1illOOn be worth '10 to 115. This I6Ction operatioll.tl here and in E&stern Oregon moretent of ont J'UlI'l. IlOld-at 11.05 a bushel, so he paid for all hia of land i. only 13 mil. from a ra.i.lroad deJ;Xl:t fully hereafter.

TID lI"fLLAVrrn T,uLJ:Y cl153ring, and more, too. He lives in a tim- by level roads. We own thia land and WUlh 1.'he Oregon and California Railroad hlUl..... . . hered stret.ch five mites from Salem. HealllO to eell it at that price. It ia aituated in the been io. operation lon~e9t of all and hae a

1': • the whole Pacific Coast from Alaaka ehowed UI a field that he slaehed and burnetl, foot hills and WIUl part of 1lb.e rai.lroad grant. direct line 200 milea III length on the Eaet.kt ),f_co and there il no equal area tllat eov.:ing wheat in the &Bhes amo~g the etl1n~p9, We repeat that t~ere. iB }»enty o.f lan~ for Bide of the Willamette, past S."lem, AlbanypoIIeelx .0 many genuine attractionl aad ad- which he btWIhed over only, WltllOut plOWing, ule here and .the Imnugrnnt haa ble chOice to and Eugene, and across the CalipooiA range toTant.ge8 a8 the Willamette· valley. 'Ve lee and got thirt~ h~.hels to the acre. These in· loctlte a h~nes~ or .p~emptio~ on govern- Roseburg. in DOllglns county, ami has always

. . .. ,lances I\re wlthm our knowledge and may be ment lanl! 10 timber dlltincts; or III the moun- contemplated the continuation of tbe road toaothing of Its peculiar beauties aa we come up remarkahle. In tbe red hills South of Salem, taill valltl{s or foot bftls, or to piek an.1 choo88 connect with the Central Pacific at the Ore.the river from Portland for the firat twenty two years ago, we cleared oak grub Iann at a from gOOl impl"Oved fBnllB that will cost from gou line. It hu also a road leading w611tfromfive mil~. Portland itself is helT~med in by a coat of 114 per acre, plowed in November and 110 to "'0 an ac.re, aceording to location or Portland through Waahington connty tomOUJ,lt&in wan t_t s~paratea It from the sowed in March, white club whtuLt, and got Burroundinge. Jt'oreet Grove, then turning Bout.h throughKly'lan fielde of Waslungto.n count)', to the twenty·four bUBhels to the acre, which was The cen~ue table shows that thousanlla of Yamhill, Polk am1 Benton countios to Cor·W.tward; the Eastern regiOn of ~~ltbomab sold for 81.00 a bushel, 80 it paid for the fa.nnll are rented, and thie euggeeta that any vallis. The Olaf shows the road completedcounty ~long3 more to ~he Columbia tban.to clearing, for cultivation and 1250 an acre for gO?ll practical fanner can ren~ a falill in the to JunctiOll, wluch is not the cas". buta juncothe Wdlamette: W~hmgton county, wlth rent of the lalld. Through this valley cultiva.· Wlnamette Valley and rna.ke It pay well un· tion with the ellst line, in the upper part. ofItl lovel:r. "plams," IS fenced off from tbtl tion ia often iudifftlrent and the yill1:.l is ditto. der ol'llillal'y ciroumllta.noee. We have kno.....n the vuley, will be made in the near future.main Wl1~ette valley' by the range of Good cultivation briugs good resulte. The !lien who rented, ·.plen~id fanne to own tham Theee roads are ownoo hr German capitalietaChehalem hlUe. Yamhill to the Weal. and average yMtl is pulled dowllhy poor fanning. 10 a few years tlOIe, paid for out of the earn· who have always trenttH the public well andMarion to the East, open up, to the traveler the We have many fnllJlers who make wheat ings. The North.cnt Lrothera are now wealthy have done much to advance the material inter.yreat valler with its Channing variety and gow;ng a success. Some Y6l\rB ago we aeked fannen on l'rench Prairie, and we remember eats of Weetern Oregon.ever cha!lglllg landscapea. 'l1Je vallet~per in- tnltlrOiation of :Mr. J. H. )t'o8ter, owner J when they were renters, not very mallY yean 'rhe Oregonian Railway Company, limitad.la 126 nulee long, North and Sou~ the of well Mnown flouring~ which he haa nw ago. The usual mode, when a ca.sh pt'ice i, baa made &D energetic commencement for a~ tha.t gu.ard the N~haleDl on tho North to for twenty ye.V'8 at Aibally, Bnd Ie&l:necl that nlJt agret:Kt on., ie to rent for a ehare of the ayetem of narrow ~auge l'Olt.lls in this valley.the CtJipoOla mountalll1! o~ the. South. It for thirt.tlt:n yean he had aVtlraged to pay Ltnn cr~. Whl'r8 the owner fumiBhCtl team and This company haa Its origin in Dundett, Scot·~eIr averages forty mlleA In wlrlth for that county farmere 73 ooote a buahel for their· s h. gets half, and the renter baa two· land, aDd Scotch money haa built its roadtdiltEce, Ul:d ~ unusuo.l fertility. grain, ...d he Aid hundredll of them had I third. of the crop when he owna hi, te&m. and a\&nda ready to extend thtilll anothcr~.u It. le.uath uul \1nadtb. i' iI • .u POWQ riob. tot i\. Durioa" PM' ,ear ike! aDd fwuiah.. tho ,e.d Th. m;w who taka. year. JA--t )'f'M ..... the eomme.u.ceweut. 01

~_~,_=_=_.=========._.",..o..==_. __~.It.t.,Hlgr-rtl FAam:a: PO~TLAD, O,~r:~E;;GO;;N;c.~F~B~B~B~a~A~B~Y~l,~\~M~\~_===T===~~~~~~~=~8~,the narrow gl\uge "Y.tern on tht! West "ille of depict ib topogmphicnl featurefl. 'Ve have BOJIla 'POR DIUI"'I'. I OB.IGU l"A'rI .AILthe rivee, in Yamhill county. and this )'en.r mauy Iml",c.-ihf.rs there 11.1111 kllmv that theyhall aeotn it. extension from the \lOiut of junc. 'lr.. l:Itir'rilig illlu thrivlUg pOllpl\' Rhtl hll.\·~' II. Mr. Jerl'J Lg,c~y. a Lane county fanner, i'I lfbe board of lIlaIlageti 01 the Orep Stat.tion on the "'ill,\IueUe to Ri verton, Sciu, cuuuty (lOSStl8lling wOlhlcrful rl'80IU"CCs.. ll!oKIa Wll.'CO CUtIMty lltock-grower. and hal a I Agricultural80eiety met in Salem 1Mt week..Lebanon .IUl,. Brov.-nltville. and sltrveyon ani SOU'tJlKR!\ Olu:nos. r:uwh llt'lU'l'tiIlCS~ilk" in Eaatern· Oregon. at I Membera were in attendance from aU the Tal-uo.... looking out the best paIS over the Clll- 'Ve have paid little attention to the pro- .. h d to r h D b - H' dcadee to can'y it another year in a tlireetion to "U~ ea wa II 0 t e esc uta river. e ley countia, a.o lOme from dillt&t portioOll ~CfOfll the mountaina and make a connection cious metala that lore found iD the Willamatte expreeeea lutpl'il6 lot the gre&t advancement the State. Tbe meeting WM ie.ter'Mting, and.with the lieva-da. Northern at the State line, countiel and tlo 1000e extent mined for in the made in our State during the put eight yean the memben of tJte board M)OOl tlo be weUueAr Gooee Lnke. The company's line to C.actwle rallge. but we are coming to .. partof ~i:J. tbe breeding of heavy work hon8lt. and he plcllSed with the rew.lt G! their labon.Portland. on the West side of thc \\"illamctt.e. the State ih.t b turned out million. of gold ~ well potted on 9tock mattera. . Dunng that. The reporta of the Mlcn..,,- &.od treaaureri9 on the map. but not yet colldru..:tet1. At in the put and ill be acie.ntifica»y mined in eight 1e&l11 the hOI'&e men of thus VAlley have -~prescnt ita commerce with the metropolis is the fd~ MiDei are found in Douglaa: eeem. S, G. Reelb' true ClytletK1ale stallion. we presented, read and refen-ed to the financeby ml;lllne of "liue of stell.mel'& on the WiI- county, and gold placen have beeD worked brought here from Acotl&lltl, and ~Vu!JiDgton;COlillRittee; b.ut u the latter w... 9J1lr givenlamette to where the ,·h·er is to be brillged. at there, Alto there ia .. commencement. county has b"d the benefit of thetr presence_ to the board on the I...t day of adjotulllllel1tthe junct.ion, lutd the stem lill~ to Portland df de,·elopment. there in the dirtlCtion W. C. Myer. of Jacluton county. h... favored h fi - •.L.

v..m be pU9h d through to a speedy COin pie- of gold qu..rta Jodget, and we hear of \he upper counti~ by bringing from t.he South t e nance commlt.tee ....ere compell~ to -..tion anut.her year. riell proapectl in> the Cinnabar fuinea. his magnificent. l>ercheron horsee. White hOUlO both report8 and accompanYing papen

'fhe Wi1l:lIuette rivcr ia navigable tit high Cqa.l i. found in Dougl.. count.y, lately die· Prince. Heneral Flenry. and Pride of Perch. and dOCuDlenta. 80 that no awnmary of themwater M fAr up .... Eugene, alld generally oovered. eaid to poe.eea especial \·alo.e. South which were importet1. from Fn,noe; and can be given here, The eecre....~. however,through th8 winter to HArrillLurg, nnd offen of theU~a moun, ..im we come into the G - d P h t ·----k to til all of -,

h f t -ta' b \._- thneCl"""d an, bug "het"' -'M :\v ey d informa me that the total receipts of the faira c eap w1'ly ° ralispol tlon y ste:l.IRUUIlUs. Rogue Hi Valley, which ie 'b9th .. rich eye anu roug tere erry;J aaoDanIt will be soon t.hat this valley. forty miles minilll and fanning region. Pla.cer mining is Rob Roy. Theee were all choice animAIIOf of 1880 were 118,333 lOme e:ent&-aboutS4000wide. hIlS four raitroad!5 and a navigable river carried on e:dItlIiI!lIV61. in Jaeuon and JOM:- their race, anti as if to cap the climax. Major over lut year. Gate receiPts were IJO.556through its best cOlUlties, and com.»etitioll in phine counti_, anti ackeon counloy ""8 tbe Bruce bought hie grand IltalHon. Glen Rid. at AIl~I, some cents. _tl·.llisllOrtAtion leems to be permallclltly cer- agricultural" port.ion of Rogue Rh·er Vall,.y Philadelphia., where it w... ou~ of the prize 1 he a~ programm9 ","as ~orotlghly reTIa­tain. 'l'h~ riv~r WM oLstrttetet.l by abrupt witbin its limiu. Jackeon countv has a fan winnen at the Centennial. ~ ed, and whde t.he turfmen Mil profit. abouth.lIs, at Oregon City. twelve miles &bove .h"re of Iheep and cattle, and ralsN 90me of Mr. Lucky baa in Bl\.COo'e ataMe in thit t.kc same ~ u!ual. yet. by the arrangement ofrortlnnd. where the hills close ill and the tbe beitt hOneR to be. found on the Paciflo city, waiting tnntporw.t.ion to }f.aaterp Ore- tbe premlUma leveral hundred dol.tare,river worked ita w ..y through a no.rrow gllrge. Coaat. JaeklODviUe t'lud Aahlolnd are very gon. a gra&!d hOrN be purchMed of Mr. A. (about ~) were ""'ed to. the IOCIety'.Thil obstruction haa heen ohviatCll by the tbriving plaoee. and "t the l..tar a woolen Dodge. of Lebanon, Linn county, for J. B. ~he premuane "re free for all, WIth ODe excep-COlifttruction of a ship clUlal :llltl locka, made factory ia in aueceuful open.tion. The eli- Wollet and hia .on, friends of the FA.... tlOn. . .at ~rel\t cost with mamlll1', or cut through mate of Rogue River V..lley il wanner thau over in Ochoco V..ney. Mr. Lof",llethaa been' The ttme for bole.tlng the falf of 1881 w..lolld rock. By thia lUeaus steamhoats <.'tLD the Umpqu... so that corn, ItOrgbum, peaci)ea breeding NOl'Dlan hones for yean put and fixed from Wedneeday, June 29th. to WedDee­pay reasonn.ble toll for freight actually carried, and grapea lueceed. 'vet.,. w~ll. The countlN has now a fine lot of well Lred work mtU'el <.lay. Juty 6tb, to include .. celebration on the1U1I1 competitioll is insured. Thiq great work IOOth of t.he Um~u, are not really tributary and Mr Lucky haa _lected for him Black 4th of July.hn!!! 9Ilvcll the farmel"l of the 'Willamette VoJ- to the Columbi.. nver to allY great extent, Prtllce, 'of Engli.h Dra.ft ltoek. weight 1.750 .~iberal p.remiu~e were offered ,fo~ the ex·!ey alroody:. durittg..ten years. an illlmenseauin aDd do not QOme directly within t.he ecope of pounda a.ad height. 18 bands, 3 inchee, Bla.ck Inlnt of fruits, while tha.e for. gratn m Iheat.tn choopemog transportAtion. our purpoee, which .illl to deacribe in .. eeriet Prince ia .. dark. brown iD oolar long bodied olTered l...t year, were continued. Several

OOUOLAS COlTNTY. of ..rticlea t.he Columbi&n region. Tbe con- well turned head IWd neck-Dot too large--: preOliWl~a .,,:ere added to divieion appointed~onth of the Willamette Valley, after pass- .traction of the railroad through Southern and hi. frame work. i.e ltout enough to bold np for .all di"lsl~na. _ .iug by ellS)' grntles over t.he Calipooi1\ range Oreg:on would wake thAt MCtiQu to life and the temple SamplOD tore down, Ria Ie,. 1 he prenllWll hit waa thoroughly rena-

proeperi'Y. ....hile .. yet they are dependent look like the pillars 01 Berenl.. on old Span. ad , , ,thnt forms its IIvuthem boundary, which ia obielty ,on .. bome market and the demand ith dollars and are AI .baggy from the kneee ~eo. DO""JlIn@'. of 8Qbhm1~. wu re-6lecte<\I:ovcred with Dll\gnificeut fir fore8ts and COil' from the minOll for we of their producte. down &II "benr. He ill" magnificent Ilpeci- ch1ef manhal ~1thoutoppoatt~on.&Dd onlyac­t.'\ill!l much lantl that will l:ventllaUy he valu- The Itoek intereetl ha.,e great importance. mt!1I of olrl British draft stock alUl hil progeny cep~ to gratify a I~tal deelI~ of the board.able, the Oregon anti Califol"nia RAilroad ~ue. they can be driven to JD&I"ket.. ' in Linn county since ISi8 e~k hia breeding -hll former .econonucal ~d utillfactory man-wintl9 tlown into th8 great Umpqlla Valley, U .... Ofl orVy.KKD 'FOR RALI., qualitiea, Thill hone was Imported to Cali. agement haVIng met thetr h_rtr appl'OT&1.which is a region Ililltillct from all othera and Besidea the Oovcmment lande ,.-hich are fonlia from RIlKland in 1873 by David Luae Mr. 'Yi: H, 1Awilw...e.lectedaaiat&nt~,POSSe88in9 especial \'alnA for the production of a.nd wn.a brought to Oregon by Mr. A. Dodge, and It 18 thou,gM he WIll make an effiCient and, I "h· ~ offered on the uSllal term., and collstitute the od t msleep all woo. .L III county cantaml 3, iOO.- of Lebanon. ill 18'78, ao he has made three ~mm a mg ?U;lcer,. .

000 acte9 of al"ea. loud. haa half that qu.ntity great bulk of tanrl9 unoccupied, it lIlust he r,,-· seatOna in Linn county, ' rhe floral eIhiblt fO! ~he falr of 1881 !"11 beof stlf\·eyetllalld. It coven the region drain· membered. th.t the StAte of Oregun Waft en- We could extend our account of lI(l'&nd remo\-ed from the paVllioD and placed lD the8(1 by the Umpqua ri'-er anti itl tlibutarie-. titl~ to two sec!iolls in each towntlhip for draft. atallioll! illdefiuitely, for t.here are many. Boral gartlen orde~.hT the boa.rd to be oom­and exten(ls to the OCt:lUt, hut ita available aupport of comlllon IIChools, autl Also to f,oo.. ench &8 It:dlllonl80n, Redmond. and many pleted for tbe e~bi.bttlOn. of next "f.UI. AII\nd9 artl fUllutlll3Ck from the ()("'CAD chiefly, 000 acrea grMtell ol;~illally for aid of public othera who 0''0\'11 atAllionll of heavy draft in coDlDllttee, oone1ltmg Ot Henry M.i~Cl', ofa., the Umpqua reaches th8 sea by ptlS3ing a improvemeuts, TIlc ~t."\tc hll9al90 a uni\'crsi- t!n. yaney, and (luring the put Sea80n we Portland,~. H. La.mbe~. of Mil......~e aadfearful canyon. where it CIM its way tbroU8h ty bnd ....nt.. lautle gnl.lltccl for the Agril'lll- han rt'cordOfI the arri".lof many fint-claas the ~retary of t.he Society, wu !'PPOlDted tothe COll8t r-.auge. It'or it.e full width of 75 tural College. Bait ~PI illc,'lIl, !I .....lIlIIp }"'1I1", llUd .....~k StalliOI19. lOnny of whom went up the mpepntend the ,:"o~k._ The erection ~d oom­milet .the l~ill"08o(1 and 6t.a¥e roml pus anlong tide ancl overftowccl 1:111118, <''OlIl!otitlltin~ ill the river ror EMtern Oregnn and WuhingtoD, but pletJon of t.he bUlldmg and enclosure 18 to. bel~'\utlftlllllllsand romAntiC ,'alleye. Coming ~egate milJllolia of acre3, whieh ha\"c been we name a few to illustrate our improvcment. l~t to the low~t competent and rMJ>?D8lbJedown from the CalipooiA ranKe we enter the' 16 eclted and loclLtet! hy the ~tAw aDlllLre now In ad<lition to ·thet~ large breed. our StAte bl~der. ~r. MII.ler of .Portl~~d. the cbai~an.Yoncalla Valley, which il on~ of the mOlt offered for ...Ie at price. ranging from $125 to hn! very· many stallion9 clasaetl &II "horses of wlll.have Imme<hate lupervt810n He 18, au·heautiful anti fertile spots in t.he State. Tbe 12 00 per acre. We callnot give lLll fl'lrtieu- all .....ork.·' IIn« "roallL'ltera," thAt produce a ~onzed to procure lrom a co.mpet:ent architect\'ILlleYI are numerou!, thOlt~h not ext.enliTe. Ian in thi. iuue. bllt "Ilnde to «·tfcrent class of stock needetl for ordinary f.rminJtand In POl";land, pl&ll.ll and apectficattooa for theami are well eulti'-At.ed, and the hills are cov- elallleJI of lande 80 t.hat any strang('r who 8ee8 road work. that. ctltlle up to tho beat qualifica. 80ra! ball aDd enc:lo-ure. and when compteted .~red. wit~ scattering oak groVet th&t llWuck thil paper cau have a geneml idea of the aub· tionll kllown for thAt purpoatl. Of coline our to eeeute t.he aen'lce of a landacape gardn61' tous in '61, whcn we werc fre!lh from E...iern ject. breerong lIl:\r68 that now come on the atage arrange walks antl lIed9 for t~, Bowen. ek:-;ta.t.t.'8, with thl'ir re88il1lblance to many old The Oregon &nIl Califonlia Railroad Com. ,how the effect of No. I airtl9 ant! we shall :rh8 enc101ure for the_ P~!lt. Will be 150 feet.J.iew It:llglnnll apple orcharda. Even then the 'Dany have allO a large lallli $ra.ut which they rank higher than ever ill hotse breeding ... a lD length by.60 feet In Width. Through theespecial beAuty and fertilit.y c1 Yoncall.. vale ofi"er forule ..t priCC9 $LverRglllg $2 ilO an acre State from henceforth. Bunch grase rangee, ce.ntre. ronnmgtbe 1?~eetwa8ofthegrounda.hall cllu"ed tho AlJpl~gate brothers, so w811 for the beat. Th,.ir lantIlI extend throl1gh for F.ut of the moulltains,protluce horses Without Will be erec~ • b~lldlng, 80 ~nged ... DOtknown as Ol'e~on piolleer1l. to make t.heir two hundred ntilea south of Portlnlld. to a dollan' coet from the d,,\' they are foaled ~ exclude light or utterlere ....Ith 'N~lkl pus.hOHn.." there to en~ngc in stock raising. '1'0- Roaeburg, covering tlle·odtl ~ectioll. of 1\ te.... nntil they ar~ reAtly to I"'cak, alld better Ing tbroUJh. and ael'Ollllta foun,datio~. Thetlay the Umpqua \ alley haa bllt ten thousand ritory varying from 60 to 80 milf"l1 ~·ide. The honCi ue\"er RJ'CW thou this bunch g1"&89 groun~ Wlth.lD lohe endo-ure (which will 00.12illhAhitanb. while it is larger than at 18Mt. f.allt was made in IROO and A!'l the heli.lt \"alley country makf!'9. feet high) WIll be tastefully ornamented WIthtwo ,Et\etem States and hM resourcel to sup- ande h"d l.elln el"imetl before rhlltt. time hy Withinafewyt'at"S it 11I1.8ht'f'n found that hor- treee, Bowen "nd .~rubL~ry. I6t out ~d ar­port ~ hellvy ~pulation. The reRi-on may 00 actu"l,ettlt·ra. the grant to k only 1IIlOCCU' ees l\re in a m('lultu'p naturAl to the hUllch grL'Ul I'R.~geti un,der the mWle(hate supen'won oft1e~cnh· d all lllll)'. but the hill eoil is rioh and pied portione. anti mostly licl't in t.he foot·hill country ami thCI·e "re now liIany persOIiS who ~dle~. 1 he beauty of t.he: arrallgemen~ .oon­la.~tillg, while the valleya that nestle con tin- regions of the CA&callc and Coa!Jt. mOllntain9. 0"'11 lar,ItC balldlJ nf horses alit! make 1\ IIp<'Cial. alsbl to ~he fact. that whtle the e1blblt ~Hally among these hill~ posee~9 every beauty We Ihall "Ull(le agrlin to theM I:mtls more tyof the htl8illettll. The IlOl1Ie uS\lally Wilt- Bowers 10 beda lD,eteo.d of upon ah~lv~ willIlatllre can give alltl are adapt.td to'thegrowth particularly. Wlulu the C('lIlpall}"S Janels nre ters well, evell if he hM ocCIIsiolll'llly to raw g~e~tly add to tQ.1I feature of the IIOClety I u:uf.nll the cerel\.l~, inclulling; corn, which ripens rather rl!llIote awl p'"C'llCl·:II!.v Ita\'~ to be cleAr- aWlly the snnw to get at the dry graRS, which blb1t.. the. growth of t.he treea. ahrobbe!7.,With Illore cel·tIl.lIlty than ID the Willamettc, ed of more or Ic~ till1hl'I' or Ilndcrgrowth. \l"e cur'.'. whrn it driel and llrellcl'VeR itA nutri- creepmg VlU:I, &c,' from year to y~, WIll~lllC~ the railroa.d h~ ~een completell wheat know hv IX'r."(l1\1\1 exrniellt~C that they tiou!i ttualities all willter, n. faot we 1Jolicvetroe lOOli render It .one of the mO.8t a~tive fea.­funlllll'" hI\..' gro.....n In lillportance and it will p088e"" ,l.,'l"ellt "I\!tw for 8cttlt-nwut. olily of this vnri!!ty of nati\"e "ra9-q. }I:aatern turee of t.he fAir, T~? garden wtIl be.so 000·he !>cen thn.t Vongla" county harvests a large LaHti gl'l\lItl:1 c('\"t'rinll thl'dl spctiolll! to the horse men aT,) c(llllltl\ntly hringing .'jood !ltal- n~c~l With the pav:l!on ... not to m,terferecrop of oats. It al!\o !IfJl,n(h~ third in prolluo- mile "nve beefl Illlllio to ftevt·ral .....Ilgon I,jrwl HOIl" into the "'illlltllette Valley. which is the ,,!Ith Ita enlargemen ID the f.uture, while th~tillll c}f hay, Thll stock interest.q n.re JlII.ra- compzlllic!\ (J1I1J le:l.llft froUl The rtalIt'8 I!ontll ],reellin$ grnlllll1 for gr'OII lltock of the whole 811.0 o~ the g~rden. nl.lY be lDC~eaaed to., allylIIount, Sheep hU!lhanrlry is~cially a.clapt- and thflll1~h tim Hlue mountAin" towlln,ls COlllllllu:\11 T('gion, ftl· they ore illlP0l'tillg them capn.C:lty which may be dealred. Severalcil til this region. After his vice.Prl.sidential UoilJe City: ill Idn.hoi another I·nat! 1'1111" froRl ,lill'et from (',ftliforni:a; Uii8 in!lllr~e atM,I)' im- I!renuuma on. BOlli-' era were added to ~hec:unpai~n in 181)0 Gcneral Jo Lane retired to Engelll:, IIcros. t~le CalJcacle mountains hy the PI'O\'Cl1I£,lIt ill the rrOlhll'f', which in ma.ny list,.80 all to mlure the greatest. attraction1i~8 r:tll..:h in the hillll tlf t.he Umpqua and de- Mic1dle "'ol'k of t.he WilIAmette, and !lonth to CI'l!.lC!> cf)llLll1ellcl~ll With Jncliall ill/nCB, or ha.lf· posslble.. , - f~ ~ red Ivot.ed himself to Ilheep raising. The ex.. tbe K.1A-mat.h c uo ....... then followl RpMlgtlp. I I t'll' I A .pee" .rreDlllun 0 <1'~VV w... oue or

V I-J ll'eel I le9. h L. h ! .-. ttl - •.,. l·~

ccllence achieved by Umpqua breet1el's ill River "loy.to the'east ,·l'it.iIl Another laud I·t. e utr.:It er 0 ...,. .. ca e. ImporWU m OQV-

show!1 b~ the fac~ that :Umpqua wotll r"tea ~n.nt l'OVCrlt ali"e fmln ,,",lImll}' o\·er the eM' VALUE OF BRAVER DAM LAIm, • J, and exhibited at the fair of 188J.nt the highest pnce paid for wool on thill carle rallge by way of Lehatlon all,1 Sweet Se\'eral reaolutionl were addop~ and newcoa.~t. It (,'Ornrnands 2 to 3 ..:ent9 a poun,I HOllle, l.·rtl"~l'.8 nlhldle Ol·e~oll ;'Imi to the PA'a\"ertoll ift aitul\te<l on the \V..t; Bille nIles and regulation made. toco~ to themore than Willamette Valley w('lll, al\l16 to ltlallll lim:. :I Ilj;otlallce of over ::KIO tlIile.~. rl\ilrot1t1, I\, fltw miles from Portland. on the law for the protection .of the ~y. wh!cb7 c"n"- a pound more than wool growo " 1'h~f1e Sl"nllt!t uow IJell,n", to pt"h'ate ;,,-',',-,--',,_ - I d . . Wal 1lllt 8!led by tbe lemslature at. the IeIl!lon.. ~ n .. U U t:<lge (..f \Vallhlllgton coun Y. all «len\'88 Its . t '--I-ooed- 0-}:'"\lJtcnl "Oregon. ProbabJy thitl excellence il als or <.'O!·ptlratiCJlIs And are held purely OU . , Jua c . _lIue both to 200d breeding of tlhccy. &Dd ex- speculation. A 'anti gl'allt a1l0 -liei on the nAme from 160 acrCl of rich bottem land -l.:tlilenctt· of the native pasture8. "here "Nt wab"OlI toali (.'OIH-tructNl over the coast range., calleed by the I,boMl of the bea\'er in put • Inddent to our Cl1mI.te.many quite weAI~hy men in Douglas county, between Corullis anti Ya.qnina Bay. in Hen- a':'e8. Some of thi81and is in good cntltivatioo On thanksgiving day Hon. I .. W. Cue ofmtldo so by fannmg and etoek raieing. Lands ton (:ounty. There u:ay be othcr gmnta we Anll nll of i~ ~u beea ....ell d~illed at greltex. this'city bad upon hie tAble IOmetbini whichcall be IJurcluUled· in favorahly locatione for a tlo not call to mintI. pelll!~. alltl 1':8 cltrr,·IIt. vallie 1e t.!OO an ~re_ but very few people, in· a.ny portion of AlDerie.~tlry reNl~nahle price. l'Ihflstock I'8nges ~n be LANTI~ SPl\vv,.n:u A):D OCCT:PTH'. Mr. ru<:kt1r, of Heon'erton, an oM IlUbscrlber, bo t. f It otbin 11_secured for those who prefer that bus1DC98. The followillK tnhle is J"I:ule np from Iltate. during n llusill('~ c:tll J,:"i'lve u" valuable infor- at leaat, call as 0, ;"'" n gTI.. ..: a.rea of unsettled govtlrnmellt land that. menta kindly nli'llle II)" lie l:l..!:ilStcr of the U. IIHltinll of his 9IlCl'Cf(:! in cultivating ·thi! land. than g~n corn. frt'8h and mce, gathered fromhl18 been lurveyed ill quite large. This valley S. Ln.1ll1 Oftica lit 0I"'8I;U:1 Citr, Hun. 1...1'. B:nin, of wbich l!e nwn" ten n.cl"e~, and u there is the corn patch in his own garden.hall especial attractions t, the fanner, and the and by W. F'. HClljall1iil, ";811.• HCf,tisterof the SlIdlllL!Hl tu he founrl in every direction in M P II &gley of Knapp&, bad ripefruit grower cannot hut like it. Rarly vegeta· U_ S. Lalltl O_ffice ~~~:I~~l:~r.l:;:_ this vallcy, the same will be u88ful to t.boee· r.... h1,1(.'9 come to the l'ortland market from there I A"I'M. - fOituna!A' in Il(Jing its o....ners, mOllt of whom B..rtlett pean, the MCOnd crop from t. e same/Inti command a good price. The n.ilroad is COUIITIM. ~ ,,--ccc,.' merely utili1.C it lor puetnrage ...ithout trying tree thi9 year. and the.re are ~touomtl DOWl:omplet.ed to Ro!teiJlIrg, which ia the county ToUtI ArL1l.llo;ur'l'e') ·dlt.:wlllt\'1'dI8dll~. to .1rai I alltl cttltiva.te it. Lake lAbish. neal". upon the tree for t.he t.hlrd .crop m 1880.Ilt;.'\t aud a very thri villg place. wit.h extE!btive flonton..... .-.- - l.lI17,01'1)1 i~,U1 ('j - .. .0,000 !tif,OOo Salt'ln, IlIU~t ha\'e over a tboulltnd acree of Up in Polk county, at Llln?,ln•. gl=~trn.ote. Along the railroad are Drain's, Yon- C1.ckanlU.... V"lO,OIoOl "~.I~. I "t~,oco ~.!.OI.!O !lltch L"\llli ill 0110 hotly, merely a lwamp in were eer\-etl. fDresh from theI Vb'",""k':!·m-.. ~d

11 0 kl t \'f·1l R b C'.al.8np. 6,.2.(11;0 2t I r. i 34",000 ll. ,OOt.t d f:M lIucan an( ac.,., -..t:ll II. a 1111., l ,ur, ose urg...Ott on the COlumbl...... S&j'OOOI !W," tlV.OOO'1I5,OO'l which catt.lo fce.1 and browse on the swamp en abe .r. bac'k dstJIg~ro.'\dsolltilare MYI·tle Creek and Can- Dou..IN Sl710,onnt.~.(1 l,R:,s,oroltJlM.OOO growthoflll1shes ,stm", rrleswere e. h . dadyonvil1e. S<''Qtt!:lLurg is at th~ hend of navi. 1AlIIII... .. . 2,81!',OtoO I,I!,".tio:. I l,7'li'>,eoo OO·l,OOU M'r. Tucker 81tys l,e has cut. four toDS of bay Putting this at~lt that to~ er, remm ...

~,:ttion on _the UIJJJllIUl\ river ,a,lId the to n of Linn ' l,lutJ,~'(I1 .s.I.OO'-'1 7IS,OOO ~,OC{l to the l\Cre on thi" grw:e, bllt it is too mnk to we~ of the reglolls of , mter beyOlld the_, I lII.rlon... 7!JJI,or·1 "~I.O C, ·230,000 437.(l(t) Rock C4lI any ma.n say IL.Il he wanders

.nruner Ie .at Ib mont I, Iherc are other Muan nlah... 276.om 1'11,000 lIfi,OOO 188.000 be of flnt qulllit.y. and 8tock do not relish it . le8:- ·fl •t.lniving to\'I'1I9 in tile county. \\'e cann"t Polk...... .... 4U,0I_'127/j,OOO 13il,OOO!:KI,ooo As well as glMij grown on ot.her l\nd rlryer. u away thlll be~utl ul day. up o~ dowo as he~ivc in a hri«f sketch anything like a complete TllIl\Jl\ook.... l,Ol2,Ockl fO'l'OUOI 835,0011 '15,000 well ... le9a fertil8lanrl, ud it lells for ..bout may, tbat he d ~ther not.y I~ Oregon---on. I f b . f tWa WUhlnift.en··· '37,000 8C8,OOO _,OOt" ·1'''000 a ,of u.e eli...•• -{AatoriaD..1e <m ° t e unpOl·tance g, &reat valhty or Yamhl ...... ~ooo 414,..000 _ ..ootllt..a.OOO 12.00 .. ton _ price tbaa cood \imfib1 "1. IoCOOun

A. F. P.umr.R.

the g:eat advll.ntages?f being eo near railrcadand 11Hr tl'ausl,l0rt.atlOll anti artl enthusiastico\'el' their 10catlOli 80 neat- to the city of 'VallaWnlla... Looking a..t this eectiollof the uppetCOUll try from a.. geograpbiQlI point of "'iew,thtlnortheastern portion of UlIIatilla county,which includes the Cold Spring prairie, mayI,e jU!~tl.y termed a8 forming a plut of the fnm­ous Walla Walla VaHey, from .....hich, indeed,it i/J only divided by the St.ate boundlLry line.H)' rcferrilJ~ to a ma.p of the c01lutry it will heSt:..'ell that tile· conr-*ies of'Va.lla Wallll- nndColumbiA ill Washington TeI1·iw.--y, andUUlatilla county ill thi8 State nre inuhldell innatufl\l boundar1e8, which comprise the Bltl"niolllltaiull, and the SIl~ke and Columbia rlV'

er'll;" 'l'he~intereata'of this .oope of countryare identical. for the Clhat>aotur of the people,the soil, climate a.ud products Il.rc alike. TheCO,Wltry in question Loal'S .the same geograph­icalrelatlOlI to the Pacific Coast which dieWt;sk'nl Reserve I.ears to tho Atlnntic Coast,atH) It ia to drain the r.roclucts uf t.his wonder­fully fet·tile region t!at tho 0_ R. &; N. Co.an:: expelldill~ iO n\!'n>: millions of dol1~ra inthe t:..'OIIKf.nwtIOn of rallroad8, No portioll ofthe lItlper OOtflltty is making lnore progre.sive.tridtll:l than that in the three countielt Hamed_Ita transition from the State of a savage fl'on't·icr to all earliest and progressive civilization.i. q:lfnplete, aud the grand v.. ork of developingi I BDrillant resources has commenced TheIhlitaaiDd of man ia-incapn.ble of comprehend­i~ Ute mighty empirc whioh will be establish­ed here whcn ita vil{iell alia practically un lim­iu;d refJoltrces are utilized to Ul.eir fullest ex­tent. Its pr(Jgr~l$ has not been in thi8 decatle,but in tbe h\llt quarter of this decade. V&8l;"unn. of nlOticy (rom the. worM's grca.t mOlle­tal'y' CCllt<WS are beil!g COllcentra.tOO here toIlI.cllitnte U,e llf'velopmcnt of it. rCllOurcea,andtherefore, new oonlen making home8 here nowat sllch,4 fa\,-orable time, wiJI not have wwaitior A \·et·y 101l1l period to reap the frn. of~hl!ir lallOr 1\lId enterprise, for the good time<,:oll~illg ia nh'(':Wy here, and an immediate re­\\'arll await8 the piolleer and the "carpet-ba@-

" "k:tel' :l. Ie,fn UlIlatilh, couuty the increase of taxAble

property for the current .fiscal year over we­;Clhllio( \'aluatiolls is more thll.lI half a millionInllant, ....hile. {'olOl,ariog tile vote cut at thelat,e Preei.lcntial eledioD with the vote for';t;~ie.allti county officfll"ll in June Jut, the in­~rc;v.-e in its population il phenomenal, So,·npi,1 hilS been iw progre81 iu all the material

'illterU:lb which I1U\ke proepenty, that an effort\10'&8 lH&lte in the lately adjourned State Legi••lattlre to di\'ide the territory coropri.ed ill thehound,mes of Umatilla into three countiea. It-;.,in this rl\pidly growing coun'ry that theCold ~flring prairie i8 located. 'l'ht' odd sec·jo, s thereof are iucluded ill a Government~mllt to th·e Northern Pacifie Railroad. Theprohal.i1itics are that the g;.aqt will revert totlt-l Oovernment e,'entuaJly. but even if it~ftot\ht'lIot, the policy of the Northern PacificCompa"y h&8 been ilO libeca\ (dispoaing of thelandll in its Pen d'Oreille Diviaioll at Go\"ern'ment price), thA~ it il lULle to UauIDe that thii~tlcCC88flt1 policy willlJe eoutinued when theselamls are pl(l,ce~. on t·he market. There is.ho .....C\·cr, llodrawhack to their immediate cui.~ntion, as un application to purchaee, with;~ctua~ cultivation 1P\'ee the applicant priort·lghts. It W&I the mtention·of thtl writer toeuntl'iLlIt ourhunch-gr&8ll pr~riee with the AI­hany nnd other Willametle prairies, and com­hat the errolleou. Webfoot idea.. thRt the agri·cultuml lantls of the upper cOllntry coasiat of• pot· hole here and there, like the Walla\Valla Valley. • Many of the oilier SElttlenhert: hlt\'C 1I0tyet begun to realize the futurel;reabll'.'Is of the upper oountry. A practicall{uu..... leelgl. of its resources i8 required to do<0, nlHl the suLject must be .tn,licd to appre­:.:iatc it ill 11.11 its ma~nitude.

It might be fair ~ ridicule the idea of the\\-illalllctte tonant fanners laboring to makeoilier me" rich, when only two hlllltired mil8lldist:lnt is good Ia.ud wa.iting to be taken ltp,.but we l'cfmill from rjdicule, for t.his pGltion,~f tho bUllch-grm region needs no fiotitiou8aiel. to Cl·ente li. ·-boom."

lhuy of the numerous readers of ·the FAR­~IEH uhQUt.l reeolve +0 prospect this couutry,they will fintl tluit it hll$ not been exaggera.tedill t:IO fOl'llgoing_ Facilities for fl1illi on landare handy. as a.. hranch Iu.na office haa been es·t"hlii<!lcd by Me!J.!trs. Dwight & Railey at Pen­dl"l.un. Olll)' twelve mile::! dilltant. l'aft,ies\"i.<;i IIIg tlw eflulltry with a view to lIeltlellleutarc 1·t.lqllestcl1 to cnllon Mr. \V. 'V. CaViUCllJl,(.f Uw Cdr! Rprillg Rallch, while those desir­ing ll;lI·ti';;I,I;~r details to euit illdividunl tllo8WS::!hOlll,1 n(lth·"ss the umlersigned at Helix,lJllmtill:l. county, Orcgon, who will be hnppyto ~,:ply to ~ltch l.Orl"OflpollllclIoe. 'Vit'h 110ohjoct ill ~irw other -thAn to prolllote the set­tlt:lll~\lIt CIt this prairie with that .I~il'ableelMIl o[ practil:al farllll.'rs who rel\l1 the leadiugagricultural jO\ll'lIal of t.he Pncillc Coast, thewl'itcr 1:1s elll1ea\'l)l>llel tCl show tl,e countl'}'jlltit M it !til, cOllJi,Jellt tltnt the IlICI·e narratioilo( positiw fa.etl:l relatillg to the fecundity ofit!J Incalioll l\ud sllrl'oulll1iub'S, will settle lipallli .do\'clope I he re.'l01lrCe8 Elf the country1ll01'(J IICI'llIl\lltmt~y tll:m if the truth were elll·h~lli~lleel with the <'high fulntiu'" language ufplofessional word paiutel's.

~(LLA.MRrrR F;\RMRR: PORTLAD;" :=O=lt=EO==O:~N~, c'F:=E=B=RU~A=R,"Y.(.',.:I=88=I=, "",,==;=============.=._in the po.e,eiOD of three di.tinct natural out· Spokananrl Yakimaeoltut.riel a th6r",ogh pros­lett, wWob, beoau... it il a more. impoeiug ~ii~Q' anu have returned h makefin,alloca'WID tha.n guJobel, atedl#1I16~ by tire name flona on·tite Col1l8priuJl'pralrle. OOcauee hereof canyoDs, wbioh, with their forlCs and trib· the climj:te is miWer, wl\wr i. more clL1ily ob­ntari~i1 aU hel\d Ileal each other on the 8um- tallied, it is one hundred mlle8 nearer *0 mar­nUt ot the praM_e, ami ihonc~ radiatiu" toward ket and ui aJrfllldf in poeleuiou of raill'Oll.dthe Columbia nyet' and pursuing A a:elleral communication With Widla Walla and Cclilo,northerly cou*, ther iutenect ana drain the and ·whieh in addition to the pro8pj!;Ot of, thewhole of thi. ICOpe 0 CouDt~. thus alTorlliug llpoody wmpletion of this line to Por~land,

it eaey ow)·.1 roadway8 t6 the tbretl stOO.llI- will soou he tra."6raed north aud louth by theh'lM: landiuMIl and rllilroad depois on it. wakr railroad f,'olp the Cdlumbia riyC!" aorOS8 thefropt, Blue IlwulltaiuiI into the Grando Ronde Val­\ Tho uanle. of tho.e 'tUlo1le. are the Vall- ley. The soil ancl more 81luaLle" cllmate.of

8yclo, Juniper and CoM Spring (lAnYCtnl. Of tbislocamy permits the raising of corn, lOr­

thade YnllsyfJle Is the l11011t easterly, ...·hlch ghl1m, tolmcco ami the finer fruita which arebeads 01\ the /Juldmt~ .1 thl:! O1ldntbia rive. killed by the froeta whidh haras. the far UI)pcrsitle 01 the p~nirie, a short l{llItahC. from the country; III th'•.oollllcction the wri~r state8head of tfui Hig Oreaaewood' ca.nyen on the the (I08it.ive iact t.l.at from a hall aero potatoBille tnoutltl~ill aide, and thtmce pursues a patch la~lIl,tcd 011 tlle highest llojntof the Coldnortherly OOUrll& for A distance of' eightetlll ~prillg milch and '-.11.>' sixty feet al}()\·e water;mi1~ when Ii effect. a" Junotion wiih the tllc avurage weil!ht of thc potAt.oas W&8 threeWalla Walla llvett two mile....1Jov~ WaUnla; to tho pOllud for the whole patch: On an &I)­iii this canyon are two fine springs. bttt the joiuiuM rallch on the slimmit of the prairle,at acountry to the· e'lstward, ill the llirectinll of lI:till greattll' li.i,,~t ahove waterl are ee\-eralthe 'Valla W ILlla Valley is the least desiraLle lIbockli of corn raIded thneon, t hat can he eeen!or settleRiellt, for iu additioll to it, being for miles, which, wh~ viewed from adi.laucebatlly bro:ken up, the eoU i. more' or leu 1m- lookllike a great ClLmp of Inrliallll)(lge.s. Thepreg~telt wit.h alilalt nlld down towards the hesd of tile Cold Hpring prairie is fiftetln milesColumhia l'l,er h tenn1tultef; tn the bas.'l.1tic diltant from Gla.seford'a SAw Mill on Wildta.We lands wblch border that .trellm. We"· lJOrM Clrl.'6k, alld rails Cllln be bought at auyward of VM~Y(lI., I.I"'arlls Juniper, the 8011 pol,.i in the Blue mOllntains for ,:.! per hUll­is richer and the cOIlntry hutch I..,. llroken_ are.I, whil'J the Columbia' river at.high water'l'he.m.un ,Jullipor cany~ 1'8 fourteen mile& ill leM'o.. An. immen88 amount of drif~ wooJ alllengt.1l, and pQSTklIMi a. large tributary known ita banks, 8<1 that fCtt..lera can make their OWILall the North ~'(JJ'llt ..Ven mil. in Ittngth, rail. and COllar pos~. and leOure firewQO,1 I.ywhich Loth head nel\r Van8ycl6t And which the exer.cilio of their own laLor, . .after COIll!U3 togcth~r pltrSUe9 a ~ri(ju9 ","cst· 'rho srl:l..t number of Iprings all the praii·icw-n.rtl course till Ii Itpread. lJUt I\net disappears haJI been I,clot. AlilJl'~1 to, bu t of course t.heN.·in tho flngt.!·hrtuth ah· point oppo.ht: tho lttlM are large port.olls where wlI.t41r ~u only heof H odoo, or, Alll i. more MlJUel'al1)' Ilnown, obtained h.v Muking_ the deplh. of wellsthe RiM: Island in the Co1umhla. Ih this f fir f 6 f d I·, vary r·,m leon to <.orty- \·c ee~, el,JElllf I,ll!!:gulch are sOllie of the finest Md I:ngest hvlllg upon the llepth of the soiL Ute rule lJtllllg thespl'iu((S of the purest water to be lound ill .Iet:per the 8011 tbe deeper the well, M rUll­Umatilla t.! ·unt)·; it iuten16cta a barge \'xtent uing water of the pllres~ Cjllalit)' ill ioex!Jalll<t­of fertile prairie whertlOD are looatud nuUly. iuto quantity is invaril\.bly fouud in. porout<

ld lime rllSident8 and tat,e kURut '.rtllers of honey,combed rock a lew fce~ )k!low tile Letl­the Willalll(Jt~ \·n.1ley, "'ho art> highly )l)euc(1 nx:k. Thlll'l, two weUa sunk 011 the 8wundtwith their lIew location. and wh·1 are bel,'e io of the prairie atta~*ltl a. dcpth of 77 alle1 S;,!Jt Iy III 'hI! (lot1ree of aMth.r ),.""r or iwo foot re:tpel't,;vely lHlfore water W&8 struck., lIfJtheae lUlJn .will ha\'e 'heir plaee" III .uoh gaOll feet of Wlliub wa.e suuk tbrou~h the fiuo 1I1Acl>..fi:I that they ,,·m hll.ve no JifficultJ tn renting loam which oomprilN t11C 1011 of the prail'it!,t·hem to OtiIlWif, IIl.teAtl of lallt/riug tltellltfolv@s A. a matkr of COUMlt! a 80lt of t1l;lt .depth i!;to'mak", other nll:in ril~h_ Five It.ilf:lll abt've illCl)pable of exl...uaiion, &1111 when to til" ,it.'~he /-uncti\)u 0' the North Fork'with 'he m:du <l\ltled til_ I~t that the cnlti"ation of tilHber.Juu pel' I. the large randl of the "Aine HI·OS., ~il.thuher cliltnre chtlms J. ,uc06II8full)' eat'­the grea~ a;.iriculturl\l implemcnt tlealers of ·ried 'On, growing in fact lPODt~lIIeoIU:lly, wit ._Wllffl\ Walb, who own the ",hole of a section \lut allY attention at aJl. 80Dle it lea of tho WOIl­

of Behout-Iantl awl" lhe ha.lf of an alljoining ,Ierful fecundity of the aoil may he gleauedeectiou, iu llllll'arly aile th9U)\.,\ud ACt·e., ihto tl.erefrom. It may be &1:1 well to etate thewhich the)' howe rec~ntly eome illio 1108HCS- f;\,Ct thai the Pendletcn miller.. authoril.e ti,t:.sion and anl now milking extena V6 l)rftpara-..t:at<lllleui thai ibe best .·bCM.t they h~N6 re­tions to put- the whole uUtlar cnltiy~tiol1 at 1\11 cdvp.1 this )'ear was grown au ~he Cold :-Iprillgcart)' d;\t-e; ill tho Imme\1iate vidnity of tid,. prairie, whieh i. doubtless attrihutable to theranch There IS :Itill m:t.ny ll.otlS.llUls of acres la, t thnt thh, prl\irie po8Seuet5 a northern ill­of v'irgill soil nnly Ilwaiting fl,Q h~ll.l 01 Cau- ~tcntl of II. southern :'lIpoCt. a.nd, tberof'lre, the~ia.1I 'luhl:ltry to be oonvertl."'<1 into .miling: ~od is the better 81\abltlll to l-etaiu m,."turc601\1,. uf goMlln h'Taill and mach. to blouolU a~ thaD if it were expo....1~ the lull glat:e of theth.e rolw..' " :Ilitl:'lummflr aun_ In thilJ the CoM Sprillg

TI}8 Co)!d Sprin.<l: i, much'tbe largest of the ,:ouutry greatly re.emblel ,the topographifnJeerica ot ...allyona which iDteMJect the country. ~aturN 01 the Umatilla 'Intliau reaer\'!l.tilln,l'he north. or main fork, twenty milee iu .for this fine tract. of laud is grecll ill the earlylength, 'heatls a tittle to t!te lIOuthward of tln- Spring when the surroUluling pmirie is har¢8Our..:ell of ~Iluipcr And Vallllyclp-; the ,"i.ltlk \nd hrown. 'Mle philosophy of this rellllLrka­fork seventeen mite. Ion!!, hl.'I\rls still fm'the, 1',10 featurr lies iii the fact 'bCfol'e parl·a.to,I,~ollth, ,while tho south fnrk hM It I urigiu ii, viz: that lIke ~he CoI.I i'c'pring prairie, the J::eII,'th\ ncinage of 1'elld dOl~AIIlI After ruuuillg .Jr\'aticlll i:j 1I0t dirdCtly exposed to the ,lib'.in a .emi-circuhr_ ~Iiret.!tioll fol' a IIi~t lice 01 t1l\S, 11,11•• 1. t,hel'efore, the soil tlriel out 1e&8twenty-two lIIilee it join8 the IMiu guleh at 'luickly. As a 'IIatter of fact ~hcre ie al goodwh"t is kno..... n A8 the lj<uiucr Sprillgs, where it II. {('I'fvlc-l'lf \"<1.<:ant. land on the Cold .sPrlnS.rUIIs to the· .·~Iltwart.l 011 a l)al'l\llel with tlu' prairie M I\Ity UUlt is inclt..lell within the 11m­ColumLia rive"nnd then lose'! i .df ill t!l/j l,iJ.l its of the III.lian fl18erve. The ullattaillahltJ issauli f10lt at thl.' LImatilll\ Well.... Tile hell.tiof I\lwan ,tho Il\08t Ilesil·able, lUul it i. naturallyth.e. Knrth F"I'k of CoM ~1)r'lIge hAA of lat" \'ery i~xasp..ratillg to the oivlli:le.lCnuca.-~iallof.ctl:c,l up \"ory (il>it, so tnlleh t>O ihat Aechoo: ntilitnriau tCllllclll'iee to .ee such' au immcHseli!!tl.ct (No. !iU) h".. Ileell organizoll' ancl t\.i(' ,'xtellt, ,f ,-'OOd lalill de\'otell exclusiyely M' a

scbooill. really I·Ullllin:l. Ou tilt: Itoutb furl. :;;ral'ing groobd for tile lWrllb poniell of a few·01 t.l~i,'l canyon i.'l a.. Illrgc nllc!' tlmbmciut: 1,IIe, 11Oll-'oItM·tmppMting 8iwMhes, and, IIl(lrc­fWt.luty-lj\'e 11IIn,(rt~,l acrcs. kllown IU tilt· ,\'fOr, thft;ru Are ('III the I"e:len'ation tuany hUIl­

Ma.rJ.Ciu 1".lrll; OWl1ld \,v 1. T. nCl!se & ell.. lrt'ds of ,1\I~rea of a.lltll.li alRI lI,kLo Illolld whldlof \rcstoll. of which (,jiht Itllliliretl acrUlj orr, wouhl~lw .Ivtl thc expelllllture or large 81lnlt!l\Imlt.:r cultivation ill OIlC hOi I.". To thc. llOI·t! ~lf IlLf'llltlY to rondor thclIl productive. fh...aUll west Qf t:lid ni.llch III tho ~fo"chou!l(}, or 8(,il of t.he CoM ~prillg country throughout i~tlw great UIIIHtilla wh~at fuml which walt~o wltole length nnel hroadth is totl\lIy fIoee fromcllted la,,,t J'ClW h.v JO!\11 H. I'·o:.t.'r :1.1111 Li'{! ~btl~c ill.~IO(lielltl:l, lWul being 80 mucllllc<tl'er~1(Jreholt~e, .of UllIlt.tilh, a:l:,oci.\ted with a til 1I11l1·ket, ·it il:l decidedly the moat t1e;sirnblccompally I,f Pm·tl,ulll elljlit.lli.,>t~. This fltl'm loe-lily {Ii the two sectilJIlil> l'or all who de!lil~

colllrrip..:s s~ve'l tlceti'llls, ".r lIea.rly five tluJ1I' to n;"ko t-~~':lmselve.perPIaJ.lellt homes in thlll:SIUlI ,a.crCil 11\ OUe hoJy, With thl"tlo tholls;\:111 bllilcil-gr,,;,s .couutry_n.cr~ alrcn.,Iy' Illitiel' ellltivl\f.ioll. Anotl ...r Hcrf'. then. is room fol' full v three hundrecl:ichool tleclll'U 011 Jtllll(?"l' C:'ItYOll i:l OWlltd lJV :;:11'1. '. ~k,',,, ~o cOllie aml' tOt:.·ate thellls"lvesC'ptaill Oorillan,',.f "1\ kl \\fnll,l, ' C:tC~1 ;{21 A"I-eS, l\I' a hn.1f I<cctiou of good hUlll,

It t1UlIIt 1I0t lie IIIfc~'I'ell t'rolll tlpl foregoing .whct1.~ II th.~y call Illliid lip homes fot: theil'th.o.t nil til'" lau.1 het'e i'l ttlkt:lI lip, for th~,: falllilie,,;. ,":'itllllt,H'ct two hUlUh·e.l miles onstgrell.t farms, ol'igiually locatl'!l fot· explll"inlcu- f!'oin l'f,·tlll".1 htmty-livc mile8 WC.it fromtal purpOse8, COOi.pl"i:le oul)' a fme ilJl)al aUfl tho :,(rl;:1I; inl:ultl llletro1,,,lis of 'VlLlIa Wnll&,oy ho IDtl3US tho I~t pOI'I,iou ui ~his )ILQ!e cx- I\n,1 with th~ t11l'CC tOW'1I of ·WtlstOll, Ccnter­tent of fal'llliuJ.;" coulLtl'y. The UllIlltilia iarm. dUe a.lld ]'elltllebm tlllly twel\'o mile. distant,for instaucc. t\«joi ,Ii ,Awl ,in pL~cel:l cIlIlmwc8 allti ))(I:-lS8S:ii ilL;' twcml:y' ii V(~ . Hillel! watel' froll t,I. part of the dlll:lert ....Qnc \If !<R1I<l.I\IHI &:~"e- wit:l three t;t.en.lnhol~t hn,lings, anti the t.runkbruli!1 wllLh ill tba~ pil.rticLIIIlI· 1Ot..:lhty o\'~r- liM ,)f "he Ore,~01\ J.laih·o:'lfl awl NaviiJloti(InIMp:l ib 1I~1' illy C' 'ltl'acte.l lilllit~ on the COlnpou:v'Il' ,ih''';Hl :\.lrl'al1)' cnlllplete,loll thebrinks of the Cu1t1l1lhi1l. AlI(l.Cx.temls back from Cohullhi:\ l'ivt~", a'lel with anot.her' roaelah:cadytho river fOi a dista.IlCo of ~.ell mile", while 1t.6- snrvcye,\ I"tllliling t.llf(,tl.~h it.s cenwr into thetween .flll:1pel· and thtl H;ulgcr Surings the Gmo,le Ronde Valltl.V, the Cold Springb1l\ck loalll of the Jlr~irie illvallel thc Ilomain cOllUtl')' in Umatinn coullty offers inducement<of the aage-brlll<h rigilt to tile WAters @dge, to the lnllll-hllllgl·Y wldch cnu 1I0where beIn allditioll to th~.l I'ge farms about two hUll- l-'q" ...lcd, milch le!'l~ p.xcclletl, iu the whole oftlrtld IOCl\tiung of tluartl'lr -l\nd half section tJltf upper COUlItl'y, ("r ill'; nltitude is lower, itllf&fms have \,t:.m m~de at ditf@l·tlut poiuts on c1i ..ru':.e i,a more equable and wnt...r il in varin.­the prairie, a,ul there is rtV..I1U yt!t for full v hi)' f(llmd 1\ few fuet, llelow beflrock.· Overthree htll1llred more aettlerll to come In an;l ~'If\'I Illludre<llncatiollS h.l\'e been mnlleon thig ,build UP'hOIlHlS for themselves alld I.milies pl",il'IP eilll:~ MlIl·vh Illst by mell with families 'The FARMto:R is the repl'esentJ\tive p'lpel' nfwhich in tlte.vel·y near futnre will be worth ~ fro\" i\n fad:.. "f the VlIlon, nil of whom are Oregon, and is turned into its XIII Volumefot"wutl to their pO!~lttlttorJl. MallY of the .1cligllu~., ..... ith lho advant"gull of thei.. uew We wi1l8enll it to eMterl1 reJ~d{l~ for $2118 '.peeple h(>rll haVf~ .Q;1\"eO t.b~ wondertul Palol'at', hOIIl(':E, ~';le h~'llell uf theli" fah~ili~ r('tlli7. rl I ~-"'ar. "'hI" ",~nlar priet> H: $'2,1)0 per yt'f:'U

,>

THB OOLD SPitiNG COUNTRY.

"run aa4 Complew DalorlpUoD of & Newlya.Te1oped section of dounton' 1A

umaWl& Couniy.., .,. "

Rsux, TJmatilla 00.• Or., Doc. 5, '80.Editor Wil~amette Farmer:

In tbat portion of Umatilla cottnty wherethe Stat4lllttoundary line fnuning we!!t intoI"lects the Columbia river, is a IlOOpe of cOlln­

0"'1 of whim butQompamtively tittlo" known,but whiCb Is, oe'r'ertheles" lusceptlblE! of thehighest degree of agricultural tlevel 'plllellt,ami which i. ,n'en now emergi'lg from thestate of an unproductiv~ bunch·grass prairie,and rapidlv attaiuini i.uatural pre.eminence.. one of ~he tuoet odallsive whed fields of(}reaou's Oreat In.land Nn1ph't'h

Tbe county in question i~ on tho Colnll1hiariver side of a prairie which rU1l8 lJetWtton audpl\rallel with "allot stream alUl the D1Ul' mouu­tains; or, to he more exact, it III1\Y lIo dOllcdh­as tbo northern boundaries of lilllatilla COlIll­ty, 01 which that J)8.rt of the CO!ulllLia river~~'il1l( betWtl..:D Umatilla l.,uHling aud the:state bouudary line is at ouce thu h;l,,,lt~ :'11,1the water lront. The ~cllel'l\l name fur thewhole of thiS terrii\)ry, which COllll)l'i~e,; lie\,·..... knfnships of fino prairie Inn,i t tim wholeof Wbi~h is open to set~lomullt/W:ul tmmelliate·Iy &'f'oIIllable for Agricultural pnrpo8c~ is till'CoI.I ~prillag Country_ H extench "~I;thwat'.Jltom 'he poiuu named on iho C\,!tunbia river,lor I\n anr'llfe dl!lronoe i)l tthu'l1 11l1t0ll, thl'who~l!l o~ whlC~l, with t~~ exception of that~rtion lmllled~~tely AclJOllllIlg: th'! rin~r. COil·

~18kt .01 a n\agmticent rolling prairie, prm(lIt:­mg a wonderfully I'lxurian~ ",rowth of bltllch......1 and totally. devoid of sage Lrlt_sh, with afil1l bla<.:k-lol\1D l50iJ which is lloculial'lf Al.lo.pt·ed for the productioll of lhe cereals, ve;.(cta·ble., aDd lui'-" common to the I(nJllt WhlllLtraillliltg ~lt of t.be Nor~hw.l$t iut~rlor. Hith·erw, this fine piec~ of ooulltry has been ut,l­iaed only aa flo lIattl~ AUll Ilh~ep r;tllg(",. for~hich, indc.elt, ii i, IIhlllllmhly l\lt.}Htl,l, amiIt baa only b!ten 'he aellish policy of ollr tltlmklj\eO I Who wi3h~tl to.monopoli£e the range for'hel'Melv.e8, ~elr heln, ~xecll,tnrl:l all" uaigll\olforev~r, In ml:sr~pr.elltlng It A!J A l'13t(iou (I

n?thiDi bll~ sand and ullc·hrll.b, tn ol'(ler to~hscourage lllteDIHn" .ettlers from proapectill~U for them.al"eI, which ,hu lueveotcd it frolBh~.g ..settled, apprt:cill-tcd awl tlovelol?6l1al Ita menu Anll grl'llt advauta'l:6d AS all agri.oultural diatrict lle5tJ1·n&. Of late, howe\-(,r,that i~ to aay in ~he last three yeRrs, M thttUrnAtl1la Valley, 01' Ore usewootl 8itltt of the'Prairie lron*'ng thtt Blue mouutaills, became.ot.tled anti ~oll\'ertcd by th~ untit'ing haudof. utdustry Into. vreai grain produciu,Io" ,lis­tric,", ihe hardy laud-BOOkera were compelledto l4K:&ie hi'Cher aud higher, till at l&IIt thcGreaaewoot.llo'lai was left far heltiull, the sUm­mit 01 'be praine was reachetl, se\;tleJ alllicultivated, aud then for 1\ timEl the prOCe88 ofdevelopmeni ce:ued. This 1Itat.e. of thingv,however, could Dot ellis' fore\'er, for as tlloeprogTee,ed a few r:mchen hunting ~b~ir stra),~alne, p6oetrat"d illro ihe Crllumhia river.i.de of thtl prairie., I\Dd i1l8teall of limling l\ re­810n of I&(le-bruih and 1aD,1, as it hOO bt'enf(roMly ml1M'e~re&e'Ilted t'l be they fouod them­selves .....\"er81ng ~ Vallt wihlerue1t8 of fertileprairie wt,ere the buoch gras. ""&II rallk all.lknee hill;h in it. won. I rflll Itl.'curil'lllce, alltl~ft..'ered ~y all it!riuitely w.,:\ter nllllluer ofliVing 'prmg8, whleh lUako.'l It no', 0:11." ~\ HlllchUlore fertile and bettel· coulltry for cliltivatiollud agric~ltunU .de~elop~n(!llt, Lut is abo, hyreMOn of ltR contlgulty'~ t~le gl·t!at. highwil)"of commtlrce, the Colum hut. fiver, willch In-illl/""it eo much nearer to m:l.l'ket. a much .I\lore d~·lirahle locality fot"'lettlclllellt tllall the r;n~:\llc­wood Ii~e of the praide which factlil the lilliemountains. . ,

Hence. it wil.l be seen thf\t the c'Hllltry'lIu­der C?D8lderatlon lI&II n~cel \'cd 110 ~l \'erti'"illg;tbat It has been kepi irlltl bV luis Cpl'c90nta­tion, and that its locality, h()l"<lcr~IlL' "11· thegreateet river of the Pl\cific C{Ja~t. with the0_ R. a: N. Co.'lline of Ill.ilroa,t tl'avcl"sill~ italong tbe full lengt.h of its wnter front, andsurrounded at it is by the hUI civilizntioll ofWAUa WaUa iwenty.five mileil oa the 1'lUIt,aDfl bV that of 'Vestrm all,1 Ctlll.crville t .....dvt:miles to the westwar.j ani I I'l:'lhlleton twd\"Ilmilea to th" flou\;hwartl, n'·i1 witl, a :>Oillili'equaJed. in t~e NorthwelOt fol' ft:l"ti1ity' nll,l·prod!1etivenealf, makell it the II\O.1t tlc:<imbleloc'lhty lor lettlellleut in tim ~rc:\ illtCl'iol'.

Striotly speaklll/o(, the Cul,1 Sprill" cl)l1utryextelldslrom Um,'ltilla Ll\-llelillti 011 th~ w':.'It.heyond the State hOllllllal')' lill': tu Wallula~n \Vashillgton 'folTitory. on till! ll:l!ltj !'CllC~It mar be correcth stntoll t,) ell\hl'ilCp. a tract.of land containill~ twcnty.~\"e nllics flf l"Il:.:i­tulle by fi£teeu mile" of latltu.Je, which COIll­

prisee fUlly fOil I' townships of M good gO\··ernment and railroad lami as e\·er a t:..'roW f1cwover, and whicb exclt)(le~ tile. na""(J~ Ittrip flfsa~e-hl'Ush and· sn.nll wh,ch IInlt Jdu\tely a,l­joma the great river of Ule WeJlt, the lIilpre­poueuillg apv~nulcQof which hM dettJrn~d

~ l~,"y from prospe~ting the illt~rlor.. Ju. ,ddltU;H1 t/) the ~eat MUllta.'{e8 1t enJoy"from lta eommanlHng p;eographlcnl positiflllwhich givel it twenty-five mil'PS of water frontwhe~e are tf,ree steamhoat la"~1ng" nlld a line

.of raalroad already constr~ct.efl rllllllillg pllJ'al­lei thereto, the Cold 8p:'n,ll p.onnt.r)' teJoicet\

»ORB 'UOUT OIL-ABBES.

Bon. John Minto wrlt.ee. a Valuable t.eu,.r ent1l18 SUbJect-TimothY the belt. JlaT

Grnas--Melq,utte, Allalt&, &adother Graase. Te.te4.

SAJ.KM,·Or.• Dec. 12, 1880.E,litor Willalllcttf' 1"atmer~

I htwe rCltd with some care your article on1!"171S3l'S iN IM~ weeki FAIUfP:a, and aa the,tbcliH: i~ 11116 of thc 1Il0!lt important to fumennlHI st.ock·raisers, I will try to give "hat IkilO\\' Oil the But.ject, tJlough at the ooet of

I·cit~mtlon of previously publi~bed vie". andcxpcricnccs to 8Om6 extent.

As a single III\Y RI'&ll8 on suitable land therei!l !lot yet in cultivation a more valuable gra.tJI

thau timothy. It does well en all kind. ef~tlll ill 10000tiolls inclined to d.'\t11ppeea. and OD

!tuch loco.tiona might be adlled to the R!''''GIill laying down land for paaturet for a coun.or yr.lI.l"S.

011 Ilry nplandll 8\1ch &It the Red billlandlof the \\'iI1nllle~tevalley, orchard~ in myl.J:i:pcril'nce is much 8nperior lo velvet Si "­llle~'qllite ao·e.,llel1-as a !'lay grMS and i. everyWilY nud in every pla.ce a better i1'MI thantllU IMler, exl:ept oil bowl ratfler too damp (ortimothy, Fo\' siJedlng ami aelf propagation1m I'ough, hru$hy, f{'my bill and muunwprt\Il(.;"lI, aud for lhe ot·her property it bu, ill

(hhlitioll to ripen, its ligbt" and euily

"<:allt'Il',1 !lcmhl l'nrly; it keeps gremltl1l\!cr (\ grc,\lcr tlo:.!:l'ec of frost ill 'Vint.ertllall .w)' of the our exotic gr"sseff. But, Mr.l:'lil'lI". I C1tllllOt Lllt. hcli~vc th{'re i.. a mi.­t.,lktll'Ollllllittl:ll :11 callillg this "soft meadoW'''or "\"l~1\"ct" ~ra3~, "1lIt:84ui' e, It and placingit!> nativit)' III the dry ylain. o( westernT(·x:ul, allli {urtll('r on I ....·il illtlicnte why theIIlist Ike lII:W he almost a misfortune to the;(mzing inl.cresh of this ooaat. I jult: hereh:wl,l to 81\Y that I ha"e l5udied thi. velvet;.!r:t.~'l prtltt.y cl(l~I)" Miuce about: a year ago.~Iy remarks up'm it>! character letl me into aC"~ltit1cl't1l.le col,.e~I'0l)tlelice in tl,e .•tatea tutbf llu~ Hwk)' 1lI0unuius in regarll to it. MyI<tutlics Il.'ld mc to lb~ re8ult8:

Fil·"t, D.'\lIIJ)lles1 eithcr ill the atmoephere"l" ill t1,o soil IS an eiiscntial condition (or this(;i""-Sli till; \'illg 'W •• II.

:-:t'cOlul. As eithr.r a h."y or pa.sture pl"nt,'lIulc!" the mo~t fa\·or:t.Lle conditions, it will,,"c ,r,'d)' rank ns leI.'ouli rate ill quality.

'I"lIil'tl. On IIl"y sc.il nncler a dry atmOlphereit iii 1l(,t (wcn t!lirll ra'e rate in any ·reapoct.

FO!urth, For' making gri\SS on damp orf<\\":1m pY 'I"K'3tr 1I1I1lIs its ."lei~l)mt ollly to recttop.

Fiith, tis "alual,leM"3 pion~r graM on1'C'Ii:;h rnngcs havillg :1 nH)j~t atrn().~phere.

1,",,1' t!IC pllq)ll.~e of C]nidwy changinf: grain1\1,,1 tu 1),"\lJtul"e my",,,,thlale of pCl'61llal rye~"a:":i :1Cl:onh with the e~tillltlteof S. G. need,Jt il< (';l!l)' to .a:;ct ";a call'h" anti fC>l" he-a,'y, rich\1 ht,:\t laml!! il'l n gOflft gnl-"'fl, and J thiuk richill fl:l.'.\mt: Tu'ojlcrtics. In ~ding floWIIS\)~h

Inld fvr pa.~tUl·e ry<: g'38!1, timothy, red and,,"lIi'c dO\'Cl', 111'1'1"0\1,-' 1611vetl plant.'\in---rib;':1':l"~-n.1I,J nhet. llli;.;ht be all mixed ,,·ithOl,[\':!Illaw:, rloUcl l;'vcn a.rchart! gl'l\M might he:lddl'd, hut Oil high, dry llUIci orchlmi gl"lUla~!l1I\l1,1 kl\'C tho fi""t pi ce in the mixture.

JII reganl to n.lfalf;~ or lucerne on the dryhill hu,l" or (Iaillp chy lauel, of thie valley, I!1:1\'e 1H~\'CI' IlCCIl it ~Il('ceedt hut 011 the r'ch1.llidUlIlS ·of tbe WiJla,nctte ri\'er I hllV6 hntlit, :!I"l,w as high t\'I my heal1. On finch floill'l it11'"yld I,e a hcttel' soiling: crop than clover,'I'l'll ;U1t1 1 Jun"c liO tlllul,t he a goot! crop (or;Iqil'Yl1lcn 011 the lower 'ViIl"mette Rnd Col·r.lrlilltl. rin,,, nlJllvinm~, It is the only, planttil:lt (lin' A);\'ricIlltural Colh'gc teadlerl hll.ve·10111111 tll kccIJ grecn thl'(H1~h our Summer~'l':l~('n, kecping Il.!l green nt mill·Summer M iti~ in !\l.1y. "111 gQO,l rich lo.1.1Il it (row~ fiTef..llL high and it will .ataftd floveral mowingl\dUl'ltl,[! (1119 8eMcnu. The fOllder it! of good~u:'\litv fur ktock. t· S I l'Itlys B. I. HawthorJIe111 hi\ r~port to PrcsiJt'nt Arnolll, (see pp f),l:il~'lHi'l1 HCJlort of State Agriculturol College,ISJO.) l\'Ir. Hawthorne goea on to .ay:

." J'rovi.!lion i! lllMlc for oxtell.6h-e experimontewith J.,'TnMeS during the next year. It "'orwhich, if they arc tllorollgMy Ill:' {anrl thel't~'1nJtH exteu:'!i\'cly pltloliflhell the .. farmers of'\·<'-.tCI'll OreC;PII will ha\'e cause ~ thankthe fl\Culty of tilt: College. '.

Bllt, Mr. EtlitQl", why has thifl moet ill1pnr­hut: (mhjcct not I.....-en taken lip hy every St.ate~\lldclllttll'alCollege! Why is it nOCMsary, 110long after, these. ill~titlltiOllS were eo liheraly)JJ'(J\'illcd for hy a munificcllt ~venllneHt

ttl ha\'C practic'll fanners <:<,11 on 6a4::!1 otherf',r illfllrnmtion ill r\>h.tillll to the nature and'I":llit)' of gm'-lHes, M your correspondent.1,:l\"c .111IIC rc!ilti\·(· to the "soft meaJ.ow veh'et.gl·a.."c,'1" of the "Engl:l.Ol!s, old all/I new, orwiill "lIl1~Illite gra.~" o( Texas, whicheverit lllay he? 1n ,"iew of the import.ance o( theintel'ci;tll whidl a HUPllI}' If "raMli underlies I

~ .Hutlu'e tile llug~e:1tioll that the .lIHricultural1'!'!:~J!, u( the l."IlUlltl'y We",t of thc Ohio riverj ,i'l in n tl"IlI~llli 011 tl,e Commissioner of:\;!t icultlll'C, tlmt,

Fil'"t, .lit: p"t hilll!O.tllf into ,.fficial eorn1llllni­, \.1; 01. '\'ith thfl Ag'I·icnl~lIr:l.l Collegefl:aski.'$t~""'i1 to lake lip the ftullJect of ~h~rough ex·

\\qLLAMIITtK I.'~MER, Pl?RT!..Uin, OREOO1f; (l'JlBRUARY 4. 1811. _. _..,_!e ~ ,'_ .. " , • .,_ • • "",,' '

Protpects or COOfl County..!'Colle &y New•..

\"rbtlt lIl'ork hila' hetin, done on our b~r, ia.6aitl by men who!e expericnce I\ud opportun­itiM for ohser\'Ation, cntitle their opillioil~ t.crf!lIit, fairly demo1l8lrntell'thl\t. \.he coutinua·tlOn of the flea .....AII now comnlf'nce,f, to, ),500(eel., all propol'lE'lI hy the (,llgillce~, will resultin cllttitl~ tlle Nilrth I\pit clltirely.ll,,'ay, tlHlI!

.lltreigh' eHillg the ch:lIluel l\lltl iUflnriug & re,q'u,Jar I\ut! permnncut, llE'pth of not Jel'l,'>. than froratwcn~y to tweHly·fivt! feet•. Trlil> .kptb willelll1.hle a larger c1ll.f1l1 o( \"t'llschj. to 09l1le IU'reanri ,viii rel;nlt iii the pr~porti6n4.ta~l1ecre."."e

of frt'iL!ht. Jt will ('uahli! our 00.1.1: .milll':" tomOl\opoli,.e th~ domestic C'Oal "traJe of t,hia<"OMt, anct-to 1"0111100 tlltl Ill"ice of if.: t1wl"ehyincre.'\Jring the demand. It will gh'e 1\ grc1l.tinlflelua to the coal' rade of ,h:1I county.. TheInmher hU!lil'fta wm 11.110 fepl the efl"ei:~ moremill. will at.art up, tram'>'"!,V!l fOr"l0S8 Will bebuilt furthoJr into the limb<-r, a ho.rue m:trketwill b. prOtIUl'ed t.hat wiO CIl/'O\ll':tg<: lheopen­iug up ancl culth'atioll (,f uwre farlJlill~ laud•.The nut decade will Rf"6 Coos efl1futy lI~I'W'I\t lee.st M rnpidly M t,be laat., which "till in·!lure a populat.ion flf I\loout !!i,OOO in - 1890"Thi. e:lltin'at.c d~s lIflt, inclUllt' the IH!Hl'fici:11rf'!lull that Illl'l.V f:')lJ,)w the iUl}lNl\'ement of lhe('()(l'lille, and f'ulI&: l>dutc that da.tt', thc c1car­inK ont nf thl\t Iih'fUtll\ 0)' UIO gl.'llcral gt".vt'rn­meut, 1\'" far 1\ Myrtle Point, '0 as lo I"CI1Jl'l" itna\'i~ahle for RCnOOl\erll. to thal plal'e, Iwit,herdous it tnkt' into l.'01l8id ..ratil'u till' <,crt..illt)"",( l\ l'l\ilrond to the \·all<:\·. All, this" we ex­p~.·t to see I\('(;om"til'llwn Ilnrin,l( the Ilexttlel~AdtJ. The ,n~ric\lltllral nl:'!Q\nCc:ft o.f thisennnty nrc )jllffil'h'lItl)' til ft!t~~ ll"pI'p~ll"iI.~1011 ,,(!iO.OOO pt"op'e. With" hlll"" lllilll'tl, 'lwl' \,,~,.t f f:e!it-i<, III'\' mIA-uri llll\'Ig-ntlon, II~r' (';dl,'y" dl\.i.!;l' jet! Itumi lalit! s, II cr lisherit:ll. thu 1w,.t l'] i ,,!a ;"(:ill t.ht: ~odd, noue sllolllol lIH!lJlnir llr C,Il'>!(:fJuut,y'l\ futllre" Meu wi 11 ~I·t'y ht\it' till tlll';,'hC'lldk \\ ill IMI" t(I ~lltl n l'''l'u!ntilill of ;'P,UL',~

in COOll eouut.y.

•

•

==============;,~,==",lV~.I",T~o{",.A",M",E=.1",·'",'E===F;A;R;M;E;R;'===PO,;;.RTLAND, OHEGON, FEBRUARY 4, 1881.

TJIB COLUIOIA iUYER. ,WA hav~ 110 t 1i!llp08itir)ll to decry S:l.Il Frall-! nGo'\r prospc -t, and the Nioarraglla ahip ci\Dl\1 ow BmIONa FOB BEl ILEUN'!'.c.i.aco li' I'u),t t SOIllul, which l!orij ~th .an.;~~lIifi .. rouk ill the fl1ture, it look, lUI if we would Abo t th ti _-'I tit b

w. "lely ·n·...:..,·,.d 'he mlama.lla~n>cn'by I' I, . II ., I "1 tl I U b me we commen","'U (l pu lica·1.11 ... "'''' .... Cl&ut l'U·VI~ 111 Jot rca 1. II$l.lUS ai It thelle 80011 lave A 'l'OGSllJ 6 OU at or O'Ur commerce . f

which the-commerce of this oW hole r8hioll. .....0.8 Ill~li ic.::t.1 ..:ro:l~~, who ha~'o a. ctirollici"llabit.., ill that dire';tioll. But the more we lnvesti- !hon 0 deacriptin eketches of the great Col­embarrassed. and the ship OW'l.len· of 't.ho OJ ..IellulllldJ~.bhe Columhia .I·ivcr .}S' ~hu /IIi1tu , the matter t!le more app:Lrelit it 1. that the :umbian region we roccived a communication:'-orld oornpelled (hy evil reports oC'shin li\:~.$- 0 at,orlll' ,uul th61latur,11 h"1ll6 of wrecki- I Plln:lma. sell"me IS too expentrive to make its ;from Mr. A. F. Parker, brother of Mr. Frank

....- w!uH'e the. "I"lyiug . DlItchlll:~n" .ri'l':ll 01). thl' : completion 'l rCMoUllohle certainty, and if com· . Parker, the well·known editor of thc 'YII,Uaten. 'ihat unfortuuately are fouudell upon wm~8.' f Infcrti:d. gales·-('~'\u &! wclliu k a.t pld.,lI a toll collected to pay all interest (1I1 I

their own e~periencol, to l1iscrimi nate agniulSt bOlllo for ,"Cllilllcm.,. IIi re ....• . ,the in Vel'tllHJlIt ~'ill be II. ho:wior t,a,x than we Vi'alIa S~~e~mAn.informill~ Us that. after "an·. CAll JRlV. (loli'} woul,1 lOaleu .o\·en thu Tdlllaute- . ou'l·prr....pectm.'(s for a locatIOn, he had finallr.

ihe ~lulllLia river aud aen.,d. thcir ships tIl P">U~A OR NT'C'·I"~R·'~A·G·U'A.·'" locatod tn the "Cold Sprinp" Couo'ry," wI,,'.,• . lL.l'UUJ,l...... I)UC l'ailro.'l.d port:l.g~ a ChCU\)CI', spel~dier ana 9"

San Francisco. ~o·day the pri~~ of whca.t. ill ' t:vlJry way 1'\I,re certain al1l dCflirahle route. he ~aphically describes 10 this issne, a.ndPortland is quite ten cell~ a lJUabol leg thall The tmll~pll1tatioll-qn&lti6nis of the ut.moat n_. _.$.2. __ •• '. aaYID.'\: that lUI would like to wr.ite up its a.t.-it would be if the portion of shippiug, we nucI\ ·inlpor' :l.IICO to tllo f:\l'nlcl'I of the Paoific Coast. LE:"T1lRB FROIl "LORAINE." tra.ctioll8 and good qualities ill the FA RMER.

He seems to have ChUSOll this rugion for hilllhad come or WI\! coming direct to thill pol·t, How wo are tl.'l tl'l\l)<I)(wt our pl'Ot.lucts to It;u· homc lUut to be thoronghly enamored of j.

, \ . 1 I k f k Butter Ml\klnl':-Summet' Followtn( b)' Plant1n& d h h -&II it haI.coOle awl ill cOlUing ~o San l"rallt'i~~"li rOIJe, 0 W lIC I wu IUlIst 00 or a mar ct.· a. II e can ave no pel1llOua.1 oLject, excep' toCOu--Jomb101nr Both with Proftt-- I

and there is no t'Ca.soD why it Iloes not 001110, collceru~ us a>l much al'l how We' are to miso Ill( uOt" pel·lIlanent·.eUI6JlJent and pl'cvent thcI I " I I 'fk b 0 CD' 18S0 goLLlilig u.p of that l;hanllin" scopoof countryexcept. that fort:ign \'cssc1s hayebOt:llofkll tIe fll'Ollk: ....'i tleIl\SI:\'CII.· e ull;in6ljS of R&OO~ LTV. \.'c..... . flY .peclIl.~tors. wl,o hl'l.vc":l.ln'atly locatcol

treated witb uujllst tliscl'illlinatioll by the wh~t-growi g hal'l hut cOlllmfJllce>1 ill the Cul- Ji'.ditor \Vill 'mette Farmer: . gr:at ralldul!! 011 itll I>onlel's. :1.11,1 tu i'ecure Lymonopoly t.hat b:Li COlltruliClI pilotage an.1 IIrhhiau rcgiull, a fa.ct tLn.t ~lr. Villard atltl hill' .1 I,twe ~:ell thinking ahflut. farmen and ~llIck IU;!ttlCUH:llt gootl 8()l:i.,ty and 1\11 tho priv,towage, and t.ha\ the rh'J:r IUlll its eJlal!llcl" at &:JlJoci;\tc~ ""cre wdl aWlne of whell tllt~y COlll- 1Il'lY lahorcrl,. bec:l.Il.8o meu are mueh more in' IlegQll t1Ul.t alwred it. With tllia cOlJJmelld~­

ita entrau~ have no\ beun kept in or,ll'l' 1,)' m.cncod th'! l.'Ot strnctiou of t1ie maul-branch- Itlcpclltou tho fnrlll, thongh they do not make !,Ie .iutt~ltio~ .he wl-iwll up tho country in athe general goYerulI\ent, a fad which wa~ .plalll .and spirited way thllt i~ \'el'y attracti\'e_made plainly apparent t") l're;(i.lcllt IhrCi mg roa..!.J that are to fonn uur Krca\ s)'lstem.1 110 Dluch. as a. rule. Hut allo\~ Ule to euggell~ \\'e know o.f fuw writers in thc country atud SecretAry of ,Val' Uamsal. whcn tlw.\· (or the dev-eloplilen" of flU ~arge a portion ot that till' nJ:\killJ; of I/ntter Wf'Uh! be &II protlt&· lal'ge who. have. a lIlol'c~raceflll knack of using

. were here thia Fall, . Kls~rll O~t!l{nn .lIul \Vllllhl1lgt~lI1. ,Our pro· IMe. if lIot 1II0ro so. than Illost· ll.uy ot~er aecn- WOl'~ ea:llly and wdl•. ~nd hopc to Kcenre hieThe laet Legislaturu pll.:l~Ctl an allt til 1,1"('- Inctlon WII! .Iouille, anJ SIIOII dou ..le ag.lill, o .... tic)H. Hutter ill \'Cr\' high in San FI'ancisco. aerVICell ~11 fu~ly rtellcn!Jlug thtl whole county

vellt nnfll.tr tle:\crimiuation on tho part of tll~'" "nd we ll!mll I~ more alill moru t1epcllllcHt On :.... . . ,., . of Umatilla, III Orogon, aud a.lso the featureaand pilots. An oppnSlitioli steam tu).{ all,t tonllR$llI tlt'l future than wo are now. IlU the (47 to 0.. ce.lts pel 1"11; un.l) alld tle.h rollllare of'VliLlia. 'V.UtI. county .that lielt I'!ollt.h ofpilot s a..'Isodatioll hall jns~ boon or';I\.,iztld at eUflstrnction 0.( a'ship CIUIIl.I that Ihall shoffell "t a lOO't li....tre III 1'0I't!;llleJ. It ill a180 high: Sllake riTcr :lmi Whitmll.u COtlllty 'north of ttColumbia blLr. IUIII wu hM'U .rea~OIl to hopll the dist:illce ot'I'r one hrllf. Il.tlll propor iOllltte- in /III of "hi' tOWllll ill the: iutel'ior ~1l,1 I "m· in \Va..,hiugklll Territory. If he will rIo 80that. the di»Cl'cd Itabl~ Aud illelIici~t1t llIollopul~' Iy roduco, the·cott or t.rit.Il11P0I't.:I.· iml all.\ D1l1.ke . inclilll.l,l to I:liuk tl'at it will lie 'highcr ct, .1

1~.'Ij sllall d~ponll lin him also f?r s.r.neral Je­

tbat haa ".long placot.l our oommcret1 at dill- the frei~hting SBMOll hult ;here until May in- ~'. Y J,.iI.lls of UIUOll and Baker couutles, III Orcgon,advantage willlJfll\t an elld. It is el·tHl to he 't6Il.il or lo'ebruary, ia of 'he groot.ea\ illlpor: ~rhaPJ' 25 i ,e.. cent. hlglu~r. frOll! the fae' \Vllat \,.0 wi/Sh to call attcntion to ie thatIloped that tIle'. city of Portillud will lIlt(M' tallcn. • that vl1ry ft:·.v (nrllwl'II will Ila\'t" auy ~ sell. ~hroug-h 1!:~'Itern Orcgon and \VashiugtonBOme enterprise to Il.ll!liat the COllllllercl' of the The r'>lI:4trml"illtl of the pmpni'wd IIhip C:l.ll:l.! many llot t;:·.-ell IUl.\'iug: t:llongh for thcir own thcl·e.ll.re lllallr apots a.s extcn&i\'C and fertilt1conntry.though 1 itlll'rto wo ha\' .. 01 Ir IlPC\1l011 "11 tilt! Iltthl'lIU nf I'allallm or ..... iCil. .. r~gll:l will Ai t.hls <':old Spring cuuntry, tllll.t ill\'ite eel.·pari of PortlanJ capitalists a ch"""p 'Ul( POlt,-{ i'l !ioC'l' lUi :lk.. :1 Utili, l.u ~ ~he le"ltt exp<:Il~1\'e C,lll:d, U~e: , . .. . . tle.H1cnt. 1'116 . remark Il.Lle fllct concerllingtore of words, but \;Ie tirno is comilli.! wh,m :111.1 the U1l6 th:l,t C:&l1 I,e oUlIlJ)lutetl _f"must. i. 1\11\\', ~h·. f..thtol', f will gl\'" Ill)' lucas n. tl;lslao.:a:ity is tll •• t it ill finrrollll/lCll by thethit ~itr Il'IlSt. do eomethill,l{ Itll.b;;.t.ll.i1t.i:d tr, I thu 0110 WI' nOt..... I, a'l'! t·lw ll"t!atioll of pre"'nt: to tlairliJ.lg iu ClIIJIlC.:ti·Jl\ Idth fa .... ,ing. \\""e ,hClft alld oldfllSt settlC4.1 portion~ of ;he Upper.usv.i~ Ita preatige and llt;lflcrve the c,mtlll:ICII/llt"lIlt.ut rd;lt~~.. to tllfl cIlOl(.'O nf .)I\f! r('I~tlt Ill' I 1111\'0 1:1. ZO "r 2!i acr('~ rJf b· II 1O :<1l!IIlIlf:r fal~ Ct;'ulI1ry. The tUWllii of ~'lIIahl1a~ ) tmdle.wn,aupport and p1\h'on"'ge from till' (!Ollllty. }-.I\..,t tlt~ othuL llw "r.I~~1I1O ot J)~ l.e~'leIH will I"u.llow. ~¥.f1 rule. \~"tl m~k.~ a hart! .-nUlmer f~IJ .\\ c:tton. CCII~er\'llle, Milton, \~ :lila Wall..and 'V~t of the Cas '3(lee, that ha" malle its 'Iulrc h'lt ~"f\ari ful' 1t.'1 C('jllllllctlUll. aCl~~ !';mf 10\,.. J hili 111 hot the JUoit, \\ay tI, lied 'tI1~h ~IU~ \V~llula. IItcra.hy. ~UrrOI\Hrl It, and yet,milliona aoouolUla.te l!O rl~pill1y. Acci,lcllt 10. I '\ma. 311,1 will erl,.. t ovor $tOll,OOO,OOO at allY our l"u.I. It ought tll I~ Hhl.de,lse, that. It; willie thtl. l'lcb (U'llllUg ('"Olilltry that Du.ke~ted & great city 011 tlie "-iI1anictte. whilll' r,·:l.l!uuahlt: collJ\>utatinn. whilo thtl c""al acro"8 willll"t ha .: or lou."e it» 'Ulllllu"ia whilo bl..iu8: their importance is well klle,wl}. the Coldthe interests of the C<lhimhi:'ln rtl~IOU SC('lI\ :'\iC<U"I"RJ..,"Ui\. "au he C'cmlpletell in half the time fnllow",1. The bt,Ullr Wit)" w Itlll he to plaut t S{*'ing rl:!Siou. lying Oil the ColumLia river,now to demll.nd aD emporiulII on the o;rl"l.trr '\11.1 fur h••lf till:! moucv, Rn.l if wo call rfO;alize our l"'llll 'I::\t w.: WI;j!l t.•• f..lll.w iu IKJlIle kiDtl' WIth hcltcr facilities for trallsport:ltioll t.handYer, and ~ith6l' thill (;Ity UHlllt !Rti!'fy CUIlI- thi.1 iu bali till' time ;',,11 1I0i hll.\'e ovcr half of IWuet-l;OI'U thiH will I'd ripe ",lw,ut the mid· f1 It.ny uf th":UI, h.ua lx-cn &@tuAllyo"crlooked_moree or it will meet witb "nccesliCul rivalry. ~1J.>l tull" tn p:\y th.'\t will be t1l1:.\c'otl at Palin. die or lut. wi Au;:uJtt: cut. \,lilt cor.1 AllIlllet ii . \\;!J~1l \\C wt:re at Walla Walla 1l.1lf1 WestollThe Colultlbia ""er nffen le"5 obstrulltil);'lI ·lla. th'~11 tlltH'1l ill no hesitl.tioll aLout the up ill rows JoLollt thirty 1~:\(;lU "p,nt, lln thni ll\l5t Sunllller. we hearcl milch Ilf it and are&0 commerce at ita ~lItr,mce than d"611 the l,lhoicu. i' may dry; y.-lllm dry hau to a shal prepu· rlall t.o (jil'ed thOsc in llc.:lrch of homes thatBay Ilf New York. Il.lIti will hllo'i'~ a 81,)Jlcicllt Thill is tho \·il' ..... t..kell of thi. important ed for Uat 'mrpol>c, t .. ~ ll:'t"d to fce,1 our I ",·ay. _\11'. Ilarker'/S st.'ttements do not seemdepth of water with rC:I.Mn"hle assi ... t:::mce JIlatter hy t.ho H<.U\flI.of Tra.du lIf Sill) Frallei.- co,,', t.llruu~tl the wiutt:r, lnul ir wc will ~taWe Uhl'euolHlhle and we !.ri\'e tht:m' as all indica·from the government, Thc recor.\s of f'\llr 00, which IUlll ""luptetl "rcport fll.vorin~ tltll our COWIt. \. C C:\l1 makc:l.ll much IHltter froUl trOll t1l11.t through our l~;o.terll coulltics yal\1.3,­oommeroa ahow but fu ..... wrecks at the bar, Ni('arm~u.'l. l'Ollte l~"d hl\. ml~lOol'ializ,·,1cou· thelll a'j in the I-)uuml;er tillle. '10 call He our hie Spo'tll yct n·main com(l3.ra.tively Ilukuown.and nope 011 the 1l.'ljr'ilJin:: co~t. \Vhtlrl.l b"l'fl,'1S ill it~ f:l.vor. Tho) di.1patch~ lately briug COWI:t to Cr)lIIt.: hOlut:l C\'l!ry l!\'euing, have thqlll A8 lUI ilhi!!tl'atiou (Jf this fact ~'e ('nn refer towreck. ever hM'e occnrrell. t:lll fa.ct.~ l;ho"," \I~ word tll..t a cCllnpan,Y tha' illchllll'~ l :cli. ata.J.lull as ItO _II IU \huy cOllie hOllie itlll1 gi\'e the ::;ul'\'~yor (Jeneral of Ol'l'gOll, whlJ iufornJllthat with effioiUht pilot"bC nlhl til<: \,rt'.~t:l\UU lirant 0111,1.,\ 1lIHIJIIHr of flllflu('ial'lI;'J\(lIllt.klt, halt thelll a few tlt.l·.lk.~ of (,ohl to 1I11tiJtfy thclII 1I11' liS thnt lwrveys' llIalle in hoth \Vc~tcrn andof powcrful tll~ boJ:!tit, tltt-.y ,:'-J\Ibl, allllo"t ur!!,"llil.~,Il\II.1applieJ to CouJ;rc!l'l 'f"r a ehar- \il wu Il.re rl·n.dy toll milk. He killii to·tllem EMtt:ru OI'eSoll thu past SUIHI'lel', lh·1Il011!\tra·without exooptl('>lI, hll\'o hecn avvi.l.·d. Our t1,l' III Cll!I"t.ru,:t thu Nil!arl'U~lla Ship C'ulal, 801111 the:y will 1,(' tlcli;,-hted t'l he a!Jout·:rOtl. tell iho vaillc of hlllCh that had h't~U sllppt>lteJcommcrce hILa hi\bcrto I~Cll j II iU clnl)' sta~e... tllll,. "nlp"."i ";{ rlil"L'ctly to all tagf1l1izll tho ('all· If tire uigbt iii lJot l.ut..1 tHrll t.he l~OWll in the COlllp.1I a: in'ly wOl't-ble~s.' No dOlll,t the Sur·and it was not po.'IsiLJle ill th6 davs wh,m allla .~h':J11t!. I :':lIf'l'al r."IUlt a",.crt.. th1\t dur. ynrel 1\1'ouI,,1 til" l'O~ ».htl.1. 1k lOUt"{' ..1It1 ..ave: vt.)"tIr GUIII'ral o( "-a.shingtoll Terdt"ry wouldit W/lll. being· deyclopc.1 to 1)():lst:S.' all ~I!\' 'tp' ill~ IIi. :!,lmlllilOtl,:\'inu hu ha.I-.1I Clf t!le.,el·outC!\ t.ho drlJppillb"lf t·, .!ul·icll y."lr lamI with;. lAke lIHl.l.."C tIll! .... llllC lIt<lt.clllCllt. \"1' IIh;.11 attemptptiancee needed to m"ke it lIaft". Thcrt· wa.< sUl·\·flPl.1 alltl bo... ll\me firmly uolITiucco! \hat .. ioo.1 CArt! uf t.hu U1.UllIl·C ll!ll \'UlI rll) of the to go:t i>Al'ticnlars fl"ODI hath o!!iCC!I, to m:.~e

IlO little direct tracie, up to within" ret'lJnt; tIl" N"lcarm;;I:<' rllUtc otTen..' the ",(hit IIrtUfI. cow•. l\lItl Il.J.ply it tu tlll,la,ul wi It an the public III thill ilj8\lc 01' next w€:t:k.perio:d •. that a perfCtJt ayi'lbem cou'" n'lt be 1111,1;('1 :\wl W;H the mo~t pntcti('al,l~ ruutt. pl'tfd.;iou t1 •.tt yuu plow, ;lo1l,1 ill' h,'o 0.1' three _ ....proVIded, though the State b;\..'1 "'(1'":1111,,01 ; Th,. 1II,,\·el:~.. t.t C!lI'r't1",IIOtl~ t!.. .. {;uit<:ll ::iut..~ Yd•• ~ )"111 ""iIl h:H'c '" fll,rlll that iro'ill'II1'01lqce Where to Locate.$24,()(M} to encouraJle the foul\llin~of the' nUl- I ~Il fa\'or (If ~i"lll'r:l.;;l111 m"kc. a litrrlllll SIlO"" uu~·-h.'1t IUllrc tlllm whell )'ou /.t:gall }'onruopoly tha.t has growu to b. di-.cre·lital,\c. lUg, .:l·ltl tht: ..eJectlnu of that rr.ute l!l of ut- tlaU:.}lfIj. A.. " 1111 IV'VOlt gd piliI'" COni !'oet .o\IU!<PllI:, KallUlS, Nov. ;, IS$.),Ru.t thOle days are oYer And nll.tllrall;ut1ll~ti- will!", ill1!w...t:allc(' to ()rl';';:f)I1, Lo..:·alls..: It "au lou 1111 in r<J·.n )"u·l.:.aa ~Lu·t the 1111Iw. CoOilllellce ·E.litol· \\"iIIamette Farmer:tion may be exoect.ed henoofurth! if rellwILo~' c".nq)ll· e,1 ;l()l~rl' "ert nl. .ltJ~_ (·OlIt. :11l,1 Lo,II .. I V "wiug ill tllt'l ceukl' (If till: "'pno.:t: het\\eclI I cuclose )'ou on6 dollar for J"ur paper,bl,. eneeuraied by law, to Vl'O\'hle ""h:at I' wllll.Jfl 11111(>.1 I,zhtflr. ,~tdl ano~hp.l· r·'f\·hll is the ruw, of coni SlttIC,"". 00 ~Iot 1,1t.", too.l.tllll }o'AIO.UR, which send l\ll long 3!\ the dollarlI~ed. . . . ' I tl~at It van. he lI"'tl,1 Ill' liallin.: Yelllluio1 widl c1.)~c '" lh", 1'0\0\'..... 1lC(""lI:\u }'~'Il 1II~llS't le:weJ I:l.bu, As J :\111 b"'Oill~ to ."10\·e to Ore<:,:oll with

Of coune there Ie JOmpetltlOtl hetwct.'n thll 1 11lMr,. e:cl·t,1.lht.v . . IroulIl e,I\.Oll~.1 t.-l,lln-fl ,\Il.nlo: Ahl~' ,.• f . the -I'o",a .IlIY family in the SP.rlng. I dOIl·t. willh to 8enllgreat barbora on thlll t,.'(laiJt, for t1~~ grf"~t t~'lll.~ I III rn"c.-a!':lIl:'ttHIIIlI;\1 ,Ie f."'8!1ep. IA'"'' II ... I."!?t1U ; of slh .....k"•. 'r.~he (HlrIJosc of h'\lJllll~ tl.II'm.tu .. ~Iul"e llW!IC)' tha.n '01"111 bo neces!'l:lry to pay upor t.he p~eaent and the futllr~. the ,1I".0.:I"Il.nl'/ to, tlu' p,ltrc>llar;'\ of ~,"\1!18 \·Uliltol ..~ lout d'll.lI\II tile "'!lcd fll!' lVII.ltI'!' fe ,I. t\{tl'r I'hJ\\'lilg 1~1I tI, th~ tilne I leave heru, all I lim ,itoillg" by:la~lOna.m ftvor of 81111 l"ralll'llM:O M a lllllJllllll~ ; ·float. tI,l'! '.l')JlUll~I'·~, \'.lil IllS ca.ll;},.1 WI!! bt' <>llt'rr- ,llU "1'.":>J.~:Ui ,ilr'lCt'·II. th"n II:ml .H.t t.lll' c.l,I·ll, w'~g'JIl. I wcut Ollt to Ortlgo!l hl"t Sprill,tI/Olut Will t.... yearcOllt the f"rttler:- or Ol'e',~OH IIY 1,.'0' ~·I''';I1"·r.~. Ilw• .::alll1ut Int"rlNt Hit, 111'- tIo11\1 til.ll .•h the rl'l\\ IlW•.~ .. W )''';11' 1,11111 to And IOIlI,co! on'l" the \\'lll,mHltte Yalley, al\~a.nd \Va.shinp;ton not lel1s than $7':ltJ,OOO. ill , r:l1l"r1 "Ul' )!r'lill mtl!'tT he '::In'i,~,1 to 1H:.ll'kf't W C:lt iU e.'! Iy a." thc Ill's! of S:'L.t,· lIiH~r,Ul\'rc b·li~\'o I wOl.llll· do IJCttm' th~ ..o tllan her6.ex~ra h-elght charg.ea, t>~oaltlle WI) must citilJ':1' I dl/!al,h', ... r III'!. ~t. all. !'JtiliuJ:C \'c,;Nul" "1'l1l1l t ~ \\'i\1 he 110 t 'ouhlc ahont it 1~1Il- ""I,~'ll~~ lip, f.,t"· \\'lwf": '01'011111 Le thc "l~8t.placetoS(lto. whcroe~lp ~ I{feat portaon. of nur whcllot tn ~all Irell/'Il ".11I.11lH< WIth nl,V CI:rl.1111ty nn H(ll'''llllt , the I'OCUWH ~hat. thu hll'! 1.0 IH"I.,t .au:' }lllt IlI.aC:llc 01' fevel' prenlilli. IIIU\ ..l'Il<:I'C 118h arohanClftCOl, ~ he ·reahlppell1 or cha'tel' lllllpll . 'If t!1l' prntrat:t~ and .IIoLnnlt. eternAl. ~1.l~S . par..:heol up hl{f~ It <l"oulll h'.\'~ 1":1111 If It,11-'1I plcnty ;'t.~,1 fnlit fails uot? \'-ouM yonat that port.to QOllle here an·1 loall C'Mg"Ill'ft, I that 'e~t upon the troPIC.eaa III that VICllllt~, ! heml u .har\· follow. )latlllo;;I' rhu" f_ .. 1\ ·fI·w rl:cOllill1cHtI South, N"c'l'tlJ, East 01' \Vl;:;t? I&lid the ahlps .t.hat come here rlircd, with I\Vhtln we came ~. Oregon iu·ISSO, we hlll.+1 no'iU'if al~,1 keep Ylllll' ill'l ..f':J\·IJlIl'·l1~" ill ~!l;tpe ..1I:)\·c a !Il11n~1 iliCOlllC ~f ~{OO pt::r )'t':&l' bc!'irte.probably tapaclty tI) . tranllport half onr "Hr· at Pl\llallll. or .&'\lh~lg ve~elll that wt:re fo,r lJy ro,.pall· 1!6 lcn,:cll. nndlllg (Ill tJII' .t')ll~I·.IS the labul' 01 myself nnel fnmily. Answer iaplu. o~ br~s~ufflll, Will al.1 get c1larters at .thf' month!" ~ a.dutlg ,ian l'raIlCI'lCf'l from thtte tlll\t h."I·e hoell tol'll off by t~it' I;n:ile .'r w'in,l.

v• p:.ll'H.:r. YOUI'S truly,

full pnc.: It. will cnet kt shIp to Rail F aH('HWl'I hee,',"H8o t Ifl)' c!rru!el nnt get nut of the re.'l. h Ill.lau'lfv w,ur home by l<f'ttIt13 llllt ·ltha,lo. WiLliAM LISTO:".and reship ~herc, or what it. will fflSt to ('Il:u- ..,f ,I.e... ell-ea.tf~l e'\lm~ Ship Cltopt.Aill!'l w~t) trce, ,~rolt:lt\ th~ re~iclcl.\c". all.l. \:i\'illg !I0illC. ~ , Th~ foregniug;. pretty fully an$wcred l>tet' ...-MlteTe III that port to come hp.rc allli 101\.1 ~'10"'. thO'~ l'ltltu,lee My th~y .' l'Iulll prefcr tr. II t:I·"t1'lIl t•• t!tC ,:UltM.tlnll of l·hl1'..:I· t{tl.t1illrl . . _. _ ywheat. In faat. thertlehonltl h·. hut little. if ,nuke tht" ~'O\'a;;~ IIr11Clnd C're H.,I1\ ratlll:I' LJ:IIII.~ 111;.1 _'1.lU.! atlllll:llfl th..'l.t 8Hft. tile tn.iJte Ilf ~the descriptIOn of the \\ Illamette \'Rlley ~ea~r)t. d~fter.ence het.wee'l fr~i~h~~ frftlll thH tli:1II ,go b 1':111;1-111:&. . It ill cvillollt, theil, 'I),'l.t eaeh mellll.".. of thc iamily., alit; lflu onght to ~ p\ll.lielwd lut wet1k, "'-hen Air. Linton arrh'CSCo amb1a ~~'er ann fr·'m C.hf?nll't ~lI't.'" a",1 tire I aIUl.llUl. ('1\.1,1 ~"'lt1lot anil .....nl' our u~ls .to I,,: happy. I.oR\l:"&. .1 bcrt: we ..hall be glad to f\lrni~h auy informa-we are atD\'Jnil to ahow the 1IllIl\,'·litltl'llur',1 loe"t ..i\'&ll .ll:e. Nica...r:l.)Jua hai tht1 fllrth.-l· ..._ " '11 1 h' H' "( acti ~ ~.A I .. r ., .•. I I I . IOU IlOl6lil J e 0 861'\'0 IS purpt'lle. ere 18 II.o . ve '8QO........... P ace our r~\·et IU ~ ",\·m·,1·. ~\lcn n: rel~'i 11111:: I tIll 81f?rtcst rrmtc. ~\'- WCUT YIELD Df WJLl~AJrl£TT£ VALLEY.. .ble h,l{bt before tbe cemmerclal natlo,," fil<\t ~ 1I11ll\t lM':!t ,.50 111111<>,1 o( tl'lu·e1 MlS COlUp.i....,,) __ n~~u who 11"" bean here to look fnr hunllClfoon~1 the' W01'I~'s tounage. Whiln S,I:\ ~ Wltlt l'!lI;~..'''t,1. • ". I. Siau. R~bl' D~nl~" • .-~ alld likes thl\ country well enough to Lril:gFrancu~oo ~oee al.1 It can to hold the ":l'Illllll"rl'lp' 1.' ~. n· JJICI\I'''''gU! I'" not eUlt'"ly ont of t1.e F.lI\ce 0l'l:I'I38t comllHII~CAtiOll \I'll h.l.rc 're, II s f.mdly. \Vith the income he speaks of huof the Pacific at Ita wharvell, there III al:<lu all 1:111(1011 ~f J.:.a1nll~. hut MI lIear it a... to he hr co',,,, 1 " ••x".' r.'un,. Im,n " 1,'11. I I " I . II 'f " I k8\ , ,p ,0_ I I " (' I I'· _, II '1" 'If I . 0.;' I - lllll I Ilf 'OUKlt OlSIICt:ee\ \\C 1 ICy aregooc WQl',c. or a uge ,')Unllt to I eery. Ie .1' 11111 ',:1. !1n:.L:;r It: t.... :111:\.1'1:1. p~i ,1(' to eOllJttruct ) . '. . .' .,..:'. _..rn'er l\8 dang-uroul alill Ullcertam. J"\'CI')" Ill· A t11hp c:J,lI'l.l acro~" /4.t TchuAfltcpt'c, nortl, of iulk lUUlltl~, aUlt I.Me "1,,n flllther II't1\l 118 ,ers; UI'Otlllllll1 can be bO\l't;ht III nil)" ~hl'e~­tie unfilvorab:~ i~l~itlr..llt il:l hcra.h!t:cI.Au.II Itl:\dil.'. ~n.cJll:IlI~ in' ..Rollth~r~l· Mexi!.'o, t!le ~chl'IlI.~ {rOll! Ltt.ll&-c~n\ll~. Tho flllll·~tUI·IIi1 Il\lPl~icrt.:,tiotl, :l.1lI1 a litt.l~ care willsccllre a uood b:.r­t?~ n~ost of to pleJlllllcU the war II agall.llolt ~I'I .. ~,n'(\Io1.1,e: IflIwh In r~ to, o~r arh'auta';"e. II,Slt to 11>l hy the nnllcrs ann war",houwmCIl for g:l1.lU. Ncar the tllollutnill' all thu strcamslh181ii1 natural ~untlgh, howc\'cr llllr,ur, Io11t 1l~~,t1J1l1'l'l';tcl"'~)f the (rleltdly tl'utlewiluhl the Vnl1tIYcountieanreM foil OWl in husht·ls: I tro t \V bl'l II t· k' "11the recordll of tlll\.~ art1 nil we !lclld to \)!"rJ\'(: :~1~(1 rRIl he Il1llC!l ett,icr l'cocllOl!' l'his H~U1inlls . " .... 1 la,v~ II '. e pu. 18 lec M ~ ee • ~r ~ I.that no oxtraol-,hllary 1!.'t1I~cJ's nt kl1' hill' til' th:\t.1l.t' tilt! j,r('~ent tlmo all AUHwic"n "'''Im- (-mn · I ,n,~_"JOO' till!!, lUI II,l'tlcle 011 fish and gaille. 'I be hlgcOltl~erco. \Yr: oft~n h?"r of wreck all.11 olir-· r~nl.\'·i", fI1'ganil':<'!tl t,neon ..trlwt A, r,l.i1roa.~ lWI'UI. ne.ltoll , .• ,........... ~o~,(\OO' R.lhllOIl Il.rc ill the Inrger strelllll!!; Elk Rre illastel n~ar thc l.ollh'l.l (.'~t"'.. T.hollgh IlJll'l1' f~''-'ll~ih,' JI...ty nf ('II.IlII>lln.chy to the flaU of M.ario~.............•.. ' J,~~{.~ th.~ n',ollllt:lilIS anrl deer in tilc llillll llllJ tim-Lrance 18 hrowl lIl111 Ill\'ltlUe, It IS 1I0t !!o s·,f,· ' r "lllla111orwc' n rH~tallce nf 1M"! il 1 \\ a,,!ullgton .. ,..... _.H"mO·· .. . ~. ., J ' ' I"" .• • III CII, 1\1l' A~ '" Ik . . • 'I"'''' ()()() I 'I" 1'1 co M t 1 q'\ " •"" It murht 'I,c from fO~ll lIwl recb, 1.11.1 r,ll' 'll1 tllll'C"llllfnrdioJl /If" rnllrt,a,l ill ,hn.tf:'t,'nrlhle .0 .. ;.......................... ;"', ,.c. . I a • II ~. grouse an, 1Ill! sale leI~e O?C':I.n &rc iNla!ldlj th",t hll.\·e t. bc 3\'"id'·rl. clitn;tt,o,·i. not; rtifliclIlt, wc nmy ~xpt!ct tl') r'e ') :\.llllllll. ~ H5,fMJO·, 'b'flllle hnvls of alII' countl'Y. Il'l'llit tloea wellc;o With th", Str~lh .nf Fuca, .tlll~rc ha;( lint tt eOOldn opcrnti.m, and it1l t:llletatiou l\.·ill JAue-Mt/mated.,."." ,. -:.,' 1,000,000.1 ill allsediolls. but we allll.lI treat more fullyI,ccn a week tllle }-all ( ..... e tlBllk we nn liCIt l·evnlutinni7.C Hie traHlc (jf tIle Pllcific t.n some I . --..,.,--! of thill SOOIl.exalq(.era tel. w hcn we h&\'e not h~l\ll of wro:r.k, ·~~tellt, tor i' will eel'binl)' he po.'t8ihlc '0. . .' 6.~3;200 ,. . ':":"'7"=":"=====~,\lllldisasttll's of 8l'UIle eort,. att.cnl1iui: til,. flU' tt:lolIship our prorllict.l by this m6'\111 from one A,ld 11\ pr ct. for wheat. III ..mallo~ . The lle:lrl Lolly of a man }lAmer\ dcldnr.t.:ance .or departure ..rr~ tim uti n{:~t. ht'll)' (,r ·CK:e1lot1 to: the; tither, Ai far leiS "ott thaa taco wartlho,~e~ and ,.e.t Ill. rlll:'lIen . 'c,lll,Tllouly II 1I0wn :'I.e "Cra7.Y Geol'Sl'!, " was ni~-\\ater In the wodrl. J h~re are ~!Irt". "1,,1, tong ll.ud t(..h~II' live month, Toy."a around h",nd•....•... , •.• ,":'........ 9~,4~ .. c",'er\)(1 in the woolis on San JII311 h.b.I;II,JhoaJe, ~nn reef,., th.'l.t t~lI·cll.~en, I: thf!y ,I,,! the horn. or y~. Pall'mlo canal•. Men if ii·w.. . - JAg C . Tll~lby lll.8t. De'elI.il6d was Rn .ohl I't"l'itl,.'ntlIt>t rtestroy. allrt yet tile \Clry J.ourtlllift th1t I·.·· ; ct),I!Ctl'UC'tetl. fer Tehuantepec 11.1 1\'!Jere tl ..,lu . 7, I •~ of th:tt.i>l~~, and Wl\! englt.iC\1 10 chopplIlgIIltrd theae Scylla or Chll.f),rnll" of the (I, '''. I +;'inAs I\t c active and is: over 2 000 miiOll ahurt, (>r reduoed to centals .•............ 4.307,803. wlood at 'he time of' his d,~ath which WlUdent,. find t!me•. hetwecn wrf:ck~, to SI1('.·t . ~'('I·,·1\8 It. 'tente rrom New York or England. j:.o. ..-... Iprobably causerl by heart di!ca.e:t~o Colunlhla 1·1\·('r...... hcn) there hUi I",r:u I '. '·'!:'.• 'h the North P~tfc Con,t.• Uian ·via Pa.I-1 A tenant {Hmer haa bedl ".' ....i~I·(',l i'l hc-' __~._~•.__= __d,ls.ster to mah ~ 1I(,te of for liO luug a til:a ":·.!!It ..,' ' .•. , . . r hUll n"ar l{IIU)'LDOnt, ,uPlIO..~j tu 1.1\1 i~~ut u! A ,,1t, .. tiug: ot Iri~h Katiour.li~::J b t.> Ixottl"tL we caonvl h,JU the last. l \, Vil tJ.e ltotolllllllle,>;:u l"thnllt" ralh".l·!UI hl.m1 t-l't,l~blu. 1 L...l\lll~ t:.:::·.

CUt1e--Ra.lldDg la BaaterD. Oregoo·-LUe tnBarney Valley.

Wtn\er Oat. and. Wheat in oregon.

COllntr~' Gentleman.

In your \'ahiahie }):1pcr tor Oct. 28, 1880, P.696, C. r. H. makes i1Hpliry ahout Winteroat.", saying th!'t. the'fll nner" in his localityIt!\'er hearcl or snch oats. &8 ·these. "'interlata ~re SOWCit ill Oregon at any time duringthe yeM, sa)' from la"t of Sep,tclllber up tothe micMle df Mar('h; pl'()vjrlerl, of cou'se, theJToulld 'i~illa ravoraille condition. The ground;houhl be in M gooel cOIlJitionn A.S if to lJ"W"'n with rye or \Villt;.~r whc, t. The uen,,1,-il.'hl, depending much Oil the conrtition of the,oil, h f!'om 40 to SO Im!lhcli to the' acre.The~o.: o,'lts arc us~d principally for milling.!'tie)' hlse a larger grain, hC:lder "nd more'luiforlll as to hil,c, than SlIu1Jner or Spring(Ja,t.,,; hell~e t.hey nrc hcttcr for milling pur­poses. They \1;;lIall)' cOlllln;U1l1 from 12 to 20clllorc J)er bm'hel thaJl tile orctinary 'Oat!.the)' 0 very ...·011 in tim latiturte, althoughwe arc ill tlrlQnl same lalit.u(le asMolltreaI, but"'~ tlo HI,t Il<\\'~ 80 Cfllltih\lOl\\I cold weather, or;~1I much "uow lLPI ill \'ennont, 'Ye huxe hadt:i;!ht inclws of fllloW and a \\'('ek of cold well.·-t\;cr. hut "lie SilO\\' has 1I0W :til disappcnrert,:,nch ('1)1,1 wI'atlll'!' :llld 5(, lnllch SIlI,W as we

;1\'0: jll;;t hall, b Ul\11iill:\1 at thi~ 5t'!\HlIl 'of the.n·nr. Tilt'! w~llthcr has heclt quite dry.l\hny f.'li'l1lers c ,:1111 not tIo the IIslIal amount'If pl;l\\ brll', but ,iilce the SIlOW and rain feU,IUr-lllg tQ~ past wcek, Ile"rly all the farmersill t,hi~ \\'i1hull~tte \'all(>)' C,Ul start tlreil' plowsand 11'1 \'t:1'\' salisfactC'ry work. The wheat~\")P la.:;t i1cason .....as good, antI the quality"lpel;"r In evcl·Y I'csped. III const>quence oflhc L'\Ck of the u~tlaillulllbel'of ships port atthis season of the )'('a1", ollly a snlal1 portion.,f th(' crop has bcCl~ sold or Rhipped. T~.ilcight to Europe are \'ery, hi.gh, WheatcOlllmallris in Bl\l:k~. 011 the "':\I:f, $J.42 to $,1.I.'> pi:r cell tal, wllil'e if freights we"e now atthe IlI'icc of last year, priceswouhl be $1.6~Ii) 51.80. READER.

l'OltTLA:-D Ore~on Dec. 13. 1880- _._-- .•..,.---

Dr1T1n18tock.Eu1.

t'Tom a Bolw City Paper,

CaptAin John Mullan haa written a letterrecommending totlle poopleof Eaatern Oregonand Wa.shington Territory, in driving theirstock to au Eastern market, to tak'e ~he Mul:Ian wagon rOM or the Pelld .d'Ol"t~iIIe riverl'o,'1d to Mis90ula City, then lip Hell Gate val­ley to Deer Lodge \':\11e)', al1<l then via theLittle Blackfoot to the :Missouri ri"er, Heclaims that the distance is consi(lcrahle near­er to Cheyenne nurl the gratis i9 much betteron this northern route than lip the SIlA.ke

river vl\lIey, 'Vhethel' this be so or not" it is-to hr. hopM that the cattle dmvers will here­arter ta.ke the northern route, There.is no~reatt:r cnrse to the sto~k gro~ing interestsor 1\ conntry than thc large bAlhis of cattl~

that h:wt: b:'ell rlrivcn through this couotryfor the l:LSt few years, If the Sl\tllC nutuber ofcattle should be driven for two or three yt a",1I10re they will'collslufJ,e aIL the graM in theSll:1ke river valley, Thus far they Ita\'e driv­Cll I\lolIg the lhol'otlghfat'es and sVo'ept O\'er aCOll1l1A.ratively narrow strip of country, buton all tlwy did pass ov~r the grass was eatenOllt and tro\lclen down !l0 that it will notCOllll~ again for I!cvcrtl.l yAArlI. The &tock menof Southem 1<1l\ho nl'e already feeling the in·jlll':X l:lel'iou81y, and whil.e there !S muell,incon­\,(:llll:nCe and trollhie III St:(",UI'mg their own('attic from ·mixing up with thcse dl'Oves andlosiug thljllJ. ther~ ig~, greater d ·l1ger. thatthc~il' great rMlg~.'I III !'\onthenl 1111\ho will be('Ilten out alu)~cthcl' hy the cattle \Iro\'es. Itis fortulIAte for st, ckmisel! who are ll.blr. toliud ll.location wil,:re these he-tlb: do not P:\.'1~.to (10 so: and It Will be stilt more fUl-tuuat.e1'01' the oountry whell the l·"i1rontl ,-'Vllles loudtaka \h. flatt.le ...un c&t'fifltl tl~~m flo mark...,

•_. .-'/

• WHITE,R,

l'.

ALAM:.:"'::----ICLARKE

PDRT.MADltlN

f'ClRlftCA

OArLA~NO~."""''''MASON

SEA'Eell'8LaMIELY.

SliD..110", .111~7

----

--

• OL VMPIAIflJo(J~I<""'.CHEHALIS

..-

•I 0,,1 •

f ",,~,....... f .....•

r---1I\.COLUMBIA• ". 11IMEL.IEN-

i,fi

i'• .CUOD$(~-,-+---

• ....UI:.

JEr:JFERSON _._--,

trLLU'DDr_·

Wi l.0M.ilttF.,FAIlhi ~:I:, P0itTLAND, O~~liogN, FE.BIttlAR\'_4, i88.\,-=:...===~ ~=-.=:=.=-.=====.====:=c=c=====cannot be excelle,l on the Pacific Coast. Tilt:!:MAP.OF WESTERN WASHINGTON TERRITORY, .t....on. putti"ll ,,,to tho Ch,I,.li, .",1 (;,.•y',Ua.rbor from the north are Humhtulip8, Ho·" ~ I Ilium, Satsop, etc., and offer plenty of I'cgil,rL

V A N _C _Q_U. V E R ' for lettlenlelll',. Wbat we have saill of l'ao.;ijje~ - t county, :1S to tide lands anti ""enerlit atlvllll·'~:'\ I S L-A'N 0'" I iagCll applica to Chehali8 county. The who!u

~..... _ -..... of Chehalill county can, and douhtle!S1l wi!l, II,;

~~l'~ "/~,. tributary to the Columbia ri\'el" country \\ IL<,..

1'"

no railroad lle... ttlopment comes to its relief. TI.,~

.,... '..,_ a"ail&Mtllalld. of that ri\'er IIond the ...allcs~ 01

\ 0,= n. trlbutArieB must reach a million l\C1·ClsjllI F:UCA .Itent. Whpil. tho Willamette Wall settlClIT :NUL 6nt. peo~le unreuoningly, often, took up tJ·c

low prainca aa their that prefel"encc, wl.ilt:~i1 1I000e went into tho hill. thinking they would

.... dO to raise su ck. Time haJI tlevelopClI thattile Waldo hilla ~d reel hitls generally, of the&teat vaney, and the higher prail"ic laud't, al·ethe betlt lands. So with the coast region, we~..y eXJlect to lefl the bench lands W:iillllllu

greater IUlpOl·taucea a8 the couutl"Y dClvclopcll.Uplands oJfer, of ooutle, the mOllt healthful

·loC&tion,.We shall not attelllptany elaborate descrip·

tion of ChehaJi. county, for Wtt have Hot theIDOna ..t haud to 40 it justice, lIor the rollllL

for it if we had, though we hope lIomo timc tilgive tWa tiue section of c,'Ountry the ju,tice ~t

-dMervea, It aecml remote at plllliellt, and Iii

... Ita prOtlucts hAve no collvenient lila; ketobut wllan tbe magician 'a wl'I.ud is wAve,1 fiwlthe railr03olI. of tho near futul"e are cont;tnw­ted,.it will tl8IIume prime importance, Weha.ve already a good circuIl\tioll thrflugh t!Jr.l..:Uld realize that it repreaents a HOod couuta·yAI well fU a thrivillgcollllllullity.

The county seat of Chehnlis cOlinty is Mt~:I.

teaano, and the chief townll Rre lIf,kium, ::-;:\t·lOp, Elma, Sh..ro11, Cedanille, Oakville, antlother thriving towns are 011 the water8 of the~JM'r Cheha.h.. but not in tllis C01ll1ty. Che­

w Point is at the south of the ocean en­trance to (lray'a Harbor. In hi8 intert'lltiugrlMCriptiolJ of this country, Hon. ElwoodEvalls -...etta that the Chehalis .-alley variesia breadth from 16 to 50 mIles; that from themouth of tht: Sat.op tbrou~h to Hood's Canal.<:bed ia by the Black Hilla and OoUt mnge,tbere Y a good open country 14 or J5 milc!!wide, and,lbat prairie to the extent of rlO,OOt1t.erell, adllopted for gra.r.ing, lics lIorthwa.l'(l ofGrayr.lUrb r.

When'ately _travelling down the Coillml,ia.... met wiib·Lieut. JODes, U, S. A. Quarter,1llUt.er at .Fort Canby, a~ the north elltral1CC01 the river, wbo bad heen stationed sometime at Qui~t IDdian reaervlootiou. north ofGray', Harbor, and Had hunted a.nd tiahe,lover much of this county. He &86ured us th~lt.

ii bad't11&lIy beautiful prairiel reaches. antl thelDch&ll. had ~d bim of more than be saw.&. dflKr*'d the country as containing nriefl.awl Nli..ble .,ncultt1ra1 ~Q.rceII, 'both in tb'l...y of ,tock raiaiDg and active agriculturt'.Every fKt ,th..t we poueu corroborateIJ th,~belief that the Chehalis valley is the most val­

.uable agricultural portion of :Western Wash·iUfio.u. The enterprising people interested,

Clalitiea, aDd ret the area or,o for ..tt1ement are tryin, to work out th£lIr own 8ll.1\'l\tioli.is praatioally.unlimited anI a great portion (If Tbey have .. swalJlteamer 1\1most constructcllthe country baa I~ever been lully pruepected. aad .. the Cbehali. it navigable for quite 1\

This whol~ region ..iII have apecial &dun- diat&n~ the ini~ation of steamboat navil'a­ta$e from ne&rUON to ma.rket, eIIpecially PI.- tion will be aD important event in thcir hi<l-citic county. Mr, Holman uYI tba' people ...who aettJed in the dryer and colder climate We fiud the foUowingcouceroing this coun.east of the mountaina come down here and lo- '1 in a pamphlet puhlished by the N. P. 1<.cate homelleada or !Juy out loCcupant. aJMl ex- R. Co.: "Area 2,800 equaro miles, about 0116prellt themaeh'ea U DlOCh lJetter aati.6d! allo third. of which ia bottom land..lOil clAy loan'r.eraon. who hAve sulJel't.ld from drooth in Cal- &lid aand, producing.i() bU8hela of wheat, SCIIforhia timl their way up here M.d Are delight- .1 oat&. 20 to 40 of barley, and large crops 01ell with the ooltlltrr. allll climat.e.' vegetahlefl. Prairie. aro good pastllra~e alld

lIwaco has R aa e anciLoragr., good harbor yielJ good crop'. Upluds rough and tUIlI.JCI'­faeiliti~, is ~hc uatuml outlet 01 tl.le· NOlth ed, DAir)'illg and farming chief occupati'lIl11,CCltLSt I·o\lutry; hl\8 .e\·cral store:l alld a hotel, and the county is noted for quantity alltl (luA)­ltesi,l"lil .....hieh the vi...illity is !Jt'colllit1i,t tit\! fa· it.Y of itil butter." The yield of ccrealll/\ lOveVOl'Ltc XUIlllller resort of thu f...ltiollahltl, &II given is probably exceptional. \\'e hal'lllyal"o t,f the weary alill rest-seeking people of believe tha.t this &II an ILverage yieIn,the whole ClJll11tl·y. »e,,1) Ilea vo,lslIels f('(~qnollt-

I . • . h f PRODUCTS AND RE80URCI:S.Iy come tlown to t liS pmllt Yo'it a pout 0 car·gu 011 boai'll alltl tht: Ivm:l.iuller i. light('~ AW/iY f!'OfU the immediate effecLls of t!let;c.:\.ltown from 1'00·tlallt! AUrl laken aboard st :a,- aU the cout region will produce whet'lt Illhlker'lI H.1.Y, in p.·cfcnmce IOllletilllell to AB- probably.ome varietiea would ripen on thc

to~':l~"n the t.-Lle of Ian II. furnisllett from the oout. The valley. a.nd bunch lalllill /U"6 notValll,lou,..:r Diatrie' u'lid ·Ottit.'6, it appcat"l ouly .dapteet w grain bnt especially t.o fruit,thl'l.t (July about half the laml. in ()-.ei6c ooun· anti can rc ldily be marla a.,·ailable for paatur-ty h3.'·e ever heen IIllrvt'yetl, anti a little over Th· h bo to ·11 __ > •

h f I II ' ·11 b age. eric· t mR WI pn.uuce \·t!~t~...'-nile fourt 0 t Le Sllrv"yel anull Rre atl su· hies of lIoU kinda.in greatest profusion. '(('hi;.;ject to ~ntl'y, 1t i. pt'oLaLle tllat much of NlKivll will produce wbstover will grow in thctile good Inlul ill l.hia county 1ti11 renll\iu8 un· the Wil1amette vaHey, anti of course will not!llll'. et·ell. It is nlso l)roLahle that 1Il\lch land f I I

J suecCft!l \I.Y Grow corti, p~ les or gmpe~.

W;\tl IllCll.tUti Ily lIpeculator8 at all early day Mr. Holman, of Jlwaco, aaallres tla that theallil ill not st'Ltlcll UpOIl, farmcn 011 the p~llsllla,aouth of Oylltel·vilIc,~ CHlmAI,t," CoUNTY, have well c\lJtkll~d farms Anti excelltlllt illl'

'fhis coullt.y lica 1l01·th of J>RCificcoull1y and provemeuta, Mr. Loomis, who lives here, cut&lid baled four toDa of ha~ from one acre ofis Jcstiueol w I.tet:ome OUOl of the mOMt impor·la1l'1. He raise. oate, bIU' ey, vegl tables &Ull

taut Ili<ltrieh of. \VelIterll Oregull-tbat ill, graaa. has fllle stock and can-lea on e:r.temu\'ef.·ollt the "t tlltl poillt ,of agriculture and. pro- farming, &II tlo othen, but "'hOllt' d06iJ notdllctiou. lts population is tllItimatcd tlot 8Of. rlpell !tcre·to a certaintyOraY'lI Barhor OCClIl)i63 fifteen mite. trollta.ge From til" JJ.l\'lIegoollat\thol'ilY weloarn thnt

the land arllluld Shoalwater bay affords &8ou tlJt:occall, amt t-he vaHey of the Chehalis, 10011 grazing :ta the world knows, GrallathRt elllptiea iuto it, co1l8titllteIJ the flnut hody there .uhject to lOa iuflllenct'.8 (lnd hUll1itlIlf na:ri({\Iltnrlll laud ill "'Olltonl \Vaahiugtoll. clilll&te. is grt'eo and growing the year rOlllHl.It. l·hC* in Lewi>l couyty, .:i.-des north alld Baker, Hutton and other stockmen live hl'rcWtlst to Ol·"y'li H roo!", has mlluy triLutariu Ioln. have bam's of cattle, and some sheep 1\1"(1A. J, II'"r3 'he gr,·n.te.•t ill,luceUleutll for. ttle- kept, upe~iany on the peninsul'- Shet"}) al'clltcut, SOllie wl'iter c1"illlli thllt to Wll.lShitlg· alao kf!pt on aod ahout the Chehalis ri,'er RIHItOil 'I'Cl'rittJl'y it bcarll tile 1l&1Iltl lolation that G.'Ay'S Hllrbor country. Stock men hl\\'o athe WillalLlctte "alley dl"J08 to Ol'eg!ln Of gootl thin,- of it., u the range is not \l~l'ly Q(:­

...."m.e it luw& Ullt th. extent of open cOuntry t:upied. fh.y cut hay from tide lAuds, orfound in the WiliameUoe. hut for -oil, CHill.."', , I"&lliO \imotilY mu.dowa, to ha.ve feetI iu C.1.C

prOthlctiu5ol1 arIId every valua.W. quality, it ef ~lIIera:eocYl bu~ eeJdoDl reqnire t) foet.! it..

Immense Amount o( ExcellentLand Waltill8' Cor set.­

tlemeDt..

*"~ro~:'·-~"':~':II~.~",~,C,..=,;'·.'nO,",,~,~oCI";'Do<C=.~,~,~, :,,,,;:;~.==~'I'ERRITORY.\V.lSIIING1'ON

SKETCH OF THE COUNTIES BOR­DERING bN THE OCEAN AND

ON THE COLUMBIARIVER.

TH. (.'OA$T .RK\,JIOX 010' W.....Ul1roGTO" TiRBJ·

T{IRY.

While we have alwAys supposed the timewOIiltl l.'Ome wb~1I the regiollil 'aloll¥" the co~t

of Oragon allli Washington, alld the WOOl111dvaUtly' that are foulld on the lower Cohuubia.WGuM be ,'alual.le and hl\ve tl"1l5ltl set.tlementa,we were in a meA!'lllre igllon~ut of the facilitit·.they r~lly offer for .et~lel1lcnt ami tbe ..duallay of the country. We 1111.\'6 been aurprisedat timos to find the !IULl\Criptioli of our paperworkillg "its way into far-off 110 ks that weua8I.l to deem il~ilJlc to mau-to aay nloth·

-ing of uewilpnpers. It goa to port.'1 aloug tb~

Straita of }o"l1c<\, to Viotona to ellter,riaingfanners who settle in \'al1l:)'8 all Pugot &Jun.II.arid on the dreamH that ru , h'om the OlymplOraU\lC iuto t.1ll: owall, OIL tile gl.'<Lwl Chaha1i.river thnt put· iuto nraY'K harbor, "llil toSIItIl\lwll:tcr bay. 1\11.1 to ILl:lII)' placc~ we kuewDothiug of :.l'l IIndtl/; oUl a;;ricultnml populli­hon ..... hell the f.\ILlII:1( W:\!t yOlllll.{ ill jUlIru;I,l·iltic \'C;U1j· AIIII latch'. when we W"llt on;),pr~l~ti:l~ tour tlo~'11 the COhllllloi.l, to gl\th­er fa.cts l,'O:,ceming ClaLi p t:olluty. u.11I1 11.1110the co\llltit:8 uorth c,f the C61t1lnhia ri"cr iu\VaslJill,l(ton Ternt...ry. W~ hecalll~ 8~l"Onglyimpres~(.·d that the tiule i:l fast l,'OluillK wlltH!populatiul1 will seek t1:~ ll\nl1s that ;(,re 110

near Itl~rket, where p,o lu..:t>I h'!r.r a goodprice IIOW. au, I will f,"lr lllltilllc, :tud tllcl'elor6,,·il!IlO well p.• ), .flor Ol...eiIPll..lICY .1IoUJ l"~rliY theexpcnse of dcal"lug for Cl1ltl\'l\tlOIl,

Of courlle, ill the shol"t tillle we h.",e givento this sul,jed we ha\"c bccli ouly a i Ie to geu­eralize, alld yct thc i1,f"l'I11atioll gniuc,l a.\lloll·ishes till witll the extcnt of a,'ailahle land:lalong the CO'l:It a.ull tilc d'·llrll thll.t 'put illtoit that ill ... ite scttICllll'llt. 'Vbere w" hav".uppo.tetlt hAt regious weI'\! ulOuntaiuOU1 aUtIiLlacc~ih1e therc is III fa..:t, iu 1I1auy inS'IUIl,"t:.,a succcssi II of "allt-y' an· I uplallllll. aonietililel"'Ith prairic rc:l.c1mll 3.lICl'JI'lClIin:lI. but ofi¥uerwith ,. tHC llIol.plu h...Uon,,; alll! WtlOo h:d upland.,th'lt poases:I ""cl')' rcolui,.;ite of ft:rlihty allobeauty clf locati"u, as well I\S perfection of cli·mate, hut r':"Juirc to lHl dt'al'cil for ("llti ..abonat more or le·s e:tperlfle, Already Ade.ttyincrease· (If settlclllllut .,lta.s commenced, andwhen "the fncti arc yilaillly kllowu-that A Piau _.,_.._. _with model"ate IlIC:lUlI l:nu soou I1lllke a fro- .CUDDty Mat, and River8ide, Brucep"t. C.riter.ducti\'c (u.rlll thertl·-IIIudL illlmigration wil in· yUle and WiUopah are 01\ the bar wtterecrease. - The rll.i:r":itl era i:l upon 118, and ,trttamM ellter into it. while' IIWlloCO 18 on thethoLlt::h tile pr<;aellt ,le erllliuatioll of cons'ruc- waier8 Ij-f the o,lulDhia, witb a proa~t of he.tion III to Keek to~tcru CfJllliection and duel- iaa: \be Columbia river eutrepot for PUietope the'~reeles!l plain. 01 }o;~tern Uregon and Sou.d aDtt thl North eo..t country "hen rail:Washington. two years rn',~u will 'CI! that reo ro&d.. devell'pe that county-and there is!lult very elrcctnallv ac;ec)lIlplillbctl, Aud then enough country naturally centering thf!re tothe ('Ilerg>, and ~L1teqlri.ie tha.t i:5 work.ing Dlatt-rially a.thalltAge Ilwaco, llnd also.to add'uch a revulution in thll Wilalnl·ttt;l valley, greatly to !he future importance of Aattll·ik.Puget 80\1; d and 1o:a:,t nf the -::'!l.lea.tlf' moun- Pacifie county hlUl OTer tldrteen hundred p"p.taiua in all tlirel.·tion!l.•'ill tum to tllf~ CCl&IL I· I ,. h I hII atlnn. A on. tue coa t sout 0 t eelltlancocountica, an(l we s\ a.1l I!ce rrnu\s conttructed II a I&utl,. rema• nl• about 20 milell lonl( alltlin many riirectio:ls io cOllnect the 'ViII.met.te fl"om olle to ihrco UlilO!l wide, on the 11 rtllud ,other VaUt;Yll with tllc t'llast; h,anch t'OAtls point ()f which i. lOCllted Oylltt"rville. Thillwill bc e\elltually rtlll ttl every p,'rt of the peninllula haa rich soil, hi sdded tlf I,ytltl"iftyloug cO&l:lt,liue tll.~t c.n be made productin. faJ'lIlerfi whet h:we stock of 1\1 kiuolll M

PACltlIC C<lll~TY. well as grow gooJ Cl'ope. Sheep tIo well hcre,On the .te,uner Dixie Thompson, 011 the way The soil iii rit:" eo.ocly loam. There ill a Wlll:'tc

down to AstoritL,we Inet 1\11 old friend, Mr. J. ·of muJ f1Rl8 ill the Lay at low ti·le. aillt llntil'quite ncel\tly Clyatel)J were plante.1 aUtI gr..wll

D, 80hnan, who af far t"cku 1841 took up hi. bere for Sail Frl\llcijCO anll Oregon Ulark~tI',Clai~l On the shore. of the IJay and ocean, but the tralle bu dedinl,~ siuce lo;ask"..Garth of the CollltnlJia river, thinklllg it woultl (CbCllpcake Bay) oyllten h&\·e l~ell LrllLlgi'ltpouee. commercial imp rtauce in thu future. acrou the coutinel'it, bceaU&8 the upelLlJC' of

tl'8DsportAtioll prevcuta 1\ urotit, though )"CIU~From him, ~ w~lI as from other 10Ur4:C3, l"O ago great fortunea were liuIoJc, evtlll thoughgaincd oollllideraLle illf01111l\tioll concernidg one·third the oargOO8 shipped .poilClI 011 th\!Pacific county, which the ma.p aho.... i. the way. Tbe ,bo."ill~ is cel't.:lin to revive ":l1l1

oth tid· W h· to T'to 0 be<.'OlIle a~lIolU ImpoI'tant, Whell transPQrtatlO1110 wes au lU lUI wg n, crn ry. u faciliti~ tmprove. Se\'1 rn.1 atn\lllnll put intot~e COf\lIt About twenty·five m,l08 allo\'e the t the tillY ou ..,.hich 1\1t~ \'aJl·j'lI thllt atoe pupilla·month of the Colum!Jin. river is the entranca I t~. Mr. Hlohuall inform~ 11M t1l1lt thc "ranch...",to Shouhvater hay,l\lId a glance a.t the map of,tlt!! \VilloJl'i\h ~tl'or mauv goOtllocatiolltl 1m',hows thAt t reache; 1I11ll1l1lt to Baker'8 bay Illcttlcm6nt. The H"u. Elwhhll Evan:! s;;v,,:inside the Columbia hl\r, The collstruc\bn: "Tlte lower Wi lupah i~ ImnlcrL'.1 with titleof a CAllal to make the cll1l1l'e,ctioll complete, ia 1&UJIi lI~hjl:'(:t to o"crttuw -··the upla.llll:s IIrccontempla.ted, anll the clearing out of a slough adaptetl to gnu:illg. The nVl,lr i. II. mile widueJll,blel I)()AL.!J to t"ul.<Iport freij.{ht 80 "rat three at it. moutb. 'fh6 t-ille extt:lldli to the rapi,llJ.toile. of easy laud ...arril+.gc i.<laH th.\t i. re- 17 miles IIm.ve it. mouth. Prairies akilt. It:l.tquired t.o effect trallspc)J'tatillll betwll~n ilwACO, illter\'aJ.; the oottum InDlI~ are rich, tlt'ell suilon the Cohlll1bia, I\t B kCI·'a Hay, anrt ..ny oovered with ...in~ maplc lIoud ;tIllcr, ex~Clllling

place on Slioalwatcr bay. The eventu ,I COlt· 20 milt18 above the rlipitlll, with An:r;~ width.t.euctioD of three miles t,f CAIlAI will he an ioll- of ten milea." Th .. aJ,·:tnw.geg of thill rc~iflllprovement on preBellt facilitiel'l. All the re· induced POI·tla.lld .~cllla.u.rJ1 to luaKe ill\'u·,¥ion, for two hUlldretI mill'S up the C038t, htu! u:enta ill Inutls ill J'acitic COUlIty, fl\al1)' yeal'"Ita uatllral trade outlet:-t.t the mouth of the a.go, hcfol"u the hOI" tlkti.,1 law p:ulllcil. ImtColumbia, and MI'. Hohnall·and otll('rll hn.va there al'~ IlUUlY b'OO,1 lueat;Ulls tn lilt hn,1 J·ct,boon n.lready looking out the route for n. nlH- All thl'Ollgh this n~gil):l al"(: opellillg~ alit I (H"ui­roarl to connect llwAco with Orl\Y's H .rhor, rie roachell, &II WI,lU a'l .....oO\ic,1 IlUtt.lJl1IlI alLtlthe bay that opens fr'.lHl the ocean not far ooneh laolls. The ti,le !Illt.'J lip ti,e lItr~HI~

aoo,'c Shoal",:ate~ hay, w~ich our ~1I~raver for tell to twe~lty mile", 11.I1c,l thc ti.It,J 11lIiti !""1I1

forgot to name. wtth (1)"1upIII on Puget ~o.llId, Yaluabl~ K:;V~ groulltl (0.' caUle. 1lll'll'lad with the gri'A\ vaHey of the Chehahs alltl lands are iugly, ril:.h 11m! call he uftCLita Vibut&riol. wbi\Jb empty in~ GtIlV" hat... reclailU«l ..t ema1l e:r;pelllC. The fir;st COIIICl'

boI'. 00 ShQahraw ~ an o,.terviU.. ibu bau of COIU"M \MIll up tb4 DlOit ..vailable 10'

COWLITZ COU:\TY, ,f1:aat of \Vakiakwn. haa an are.. of 1,1008<iUll.re milea and 1,800 population. Its chieftown UI Freeport, formerly c:l.lI~cl )fonticcUo,OIl the Cowlitz river, which hna ;00 inhnlJ i·t..lubl. The Cowlitz river riscli ill the hcart (jftho CU:CIlll6 mountailllllulfJ 80wII .!louth to thet::ohunt>ia, GO milC8above Allt.oda. Thill !'I\'cr18 na\,jgRhle for 30 miles. to Cowlitz Lantll11g.at all ftCaSOM.. A gfeat ninny yeard "g ',.W)\Cllf;.!lC Hudson llay COlllPIlU.V cllhblishClI an ag­icul~ur"l cCnJ}>any, th¢y ~ook poseesllion of

the nch valley of the Cowhtz and mldu theirfarma there forty years ngo. The valley I1QW

has ID'Iouy fino farm!! and is .. very rich bodyof land. The river drnins its wntertl from bothSt. Helena &rid Ranier and aU the Ca.acatle[8.11£C betwcen, and the v..Uey ia extensive,

WILLAMETIE FARMEIl, PoJ1TLAND, OREGON. Bl<:R!lil'Alt't '" 1881. " _. _,_,_ "! '. •

8 18

~ 15

1116

7,076,1<6,443,63

'_" _.=..c=.C';'- _'_'=:C=='==.c=:=::=c==_=W:.cllLAME'I"J,g ~~.!tM~;\{, I'OR'I'~~ ORF.iJON, REitBUARY ., IllS\. ._....U"lifofllia weill'. to hOlls~keupillg in great amw ' RCTIOOT, j',,'U"'" Al"1J VAI.nATIO~ 0.' SCIlOOI, 2. The ~tate Il,O~ ouly received this Rreat. There was a. sharp culll J;pcll carlYi;;-i)~:(~~I\'(\Ihl upt)!l an extr"vngaut scale, 80 that when l'ROrF.wry." '. tl'ust 011 till! conditIOn but by .tatll~ &<ltIed l\ ber nnd Ill\.Vlgat.iOll waii iltl\lI.:,lc,1 for :~ wc(:k,tho il(}()l.l title at IlOlden pl"Oll~rjty b~in.n to Number of school hOttaes previously la~~e allllual tax to support puhhc 8<:110018, !wben the warm !loutlt wilu callH~ IUHl t;wcptebb, her p'.I,Ie foulld tholps.ve•. saddled ercctol.t ;...... 88.1 WI~ '.power also oflOCD.I tax," for the M,rne '" the anow orr the groot plaills that cxlt:ud 1.1)

Nuanher of school houses erected obJect.. the Rocky mounW~.wi~b an extrav&li:4u\ 'YJl~Il1.alld P9li~cal ba~ during the year ..... :............ '61~' The aellti~alt in favor ofpllb!io IK:hools We ~re writing thill UpUli Ch·l"i ...tlll~L" ,!:\y.i. th..t. "..ere such. a buro.eu th.t "IPIOlt ~ rn- ToW unmoor of IIChool"hoUled repor- of lmproved qUAlIty.and grarJ.el gamed force. Laat night we hQolI a wal'l/I l·:titl ;m,l ll. i.iolution as r.eql1lreJ t.o am.n(~ t~e Staton con- ted. _ : . . . . . . . . 934- by thet.e TW\ti~nal a"d Stattl grants, 1I0 Ulat· morning we- have I:'OOd wcather f"r flll"lIICI"J tfl, ', t' t 't th t' th .. Value ohchool hOI'5e•.......... ; .Si530,4.~,OO 1II1cCe!»lI\'c legh:ilatll rea. }I&VU fixeu "y law tile plo.w. aud, int,JeeJ, our counlry CXdtitll!.!e'-l

I 1 U 1011. 0 lIUI . j) !tIles., e ...ery Clon 'ary V I 1 t L t. t 1.11 h h t f·1 b d 'alueofllchoo ful'lliture .... '•.... 34,781.65 CM,.- H nu. e tg 68 eourlleall stUu.1 t.o ring Ulii wor tha.t plows arc Iloillg livt:ly"'al,the cue j II Orego:n. Sll,Ia.r.i~i(l' Stat4!' pili. Value uf applratus, elobOll, charta. he p,uI'tuatl in the pu Llic 8chooll>. I w~rlt.. for a weuk or 80 /)allt t111'ough tl;e \\' lwleeialliheA ~·ealmo.sttoo low: QO\-erllor,tl,500, etc · 8,636,f>O Wit.hollt fol1owiui the report of the com. I Wlllamutte valley_ A tel' the fil'ijt(jf ,J;llill;\.ryS¥cretary of Sta.t~.'I,500, Judi~ of Supr61Rle miltee fnrUler, we lIum up their eOllclullion8: we do not eIpect cold weather to I,c C)\l;c.hi,·uaUtI Circuit (',olll·ta $~,OOO.· '. 'foW "31'le of achool property ... '•. Mi7.S63,05 . .. InU the exper1ence of mall)' ycar1'l leall~ u" tu

The e<:Ollbmieal ideG has preYailed,'witb f.". '1'11& I'ltE8K~T (.'ONUITIOS J.~b 'pR.noilIt.'i3 011 which were, that thouih CXputilVO and ac· Ulticipate a mild ..... inter frolll llOW on. litexceptiona. fto"'l· the btll~iuaillg•. .'l'he s~ OUK SCUOtlL.'l. companied by cUlllhr()ua llllU:hillery, the COlD· • 1872-~ there was not a 8eVere fmst all wintcrh;.a been liw,ral iQ CAr.ln¥: fl?J:' t.h.., inaaD:e, Ite 0 ',. k mittoe con8itler the plan of public 11.:1.001. of and fluwel1l bloometl in all thc gar,jclIs fH'lHbl··• .1' I J I lfU S .. thill.ubjecttbfiltlpel'1ntenueutretnar.8: Y be u .. h ... 11.IJ.,U.allu' Its mute!, anl ueal" la ·le tAte Portland Loth great 1'1,1111 liI~ral. The school. l novem Cto m_C . ~t )'eal', in Jecl:lllllcl',exptlll!6lt go for these objectlt. -but 1I':Ie people The p·tltllmt ?Oudlt.ion uf our .chook wbile i~ ... , there WAS a cold term that talltcd thn.:c .laYIlkeep..- .tl;.~· "'ateh O\~er tbei:t' .oi'lMial8 , and i. by 110 means all tbat we wOllhl like La hllvu ol.thlll ~Ity ~re a )H'llie tc:' the ~Iate, and· and one !light the mer.:::ury clroppe,l fOl' aubolli,them 1.9 rigid. account. it it 8,"oblibly it in .. il"Olat mlUIY' pArticulan'--thouih the hardly Ink:.rlOr ~ the puhllC lcha .Iv of New Ihou.r below zero, anu withill t .....u day;; til..:tr:ue tJllLt thq Stale. OO,tU1Ulleut of ~'*' is York .01' BOIlt.Oli I~I .lIhC":l;I~ ami ~mClllCY· The le&&on WIl.8 like 8pring:-till1t:.the mo.t ecotlolllic.'\l of ...11 thtl Statea tn ~he Ichool houses are uot what tllt'y 0!J"h~.to ~ dcnltlOlI at thtl cltl~enl of our a.ty and State I There are Htorm8, of cour",c, 011 the I';h,ilieUnion. ",Ve are Iiber"l·for·seltool.a, ... the fig" 10' the grea~ IW!l-jority of clilbl~y.t, 'wb"u ",.e to CuUilllOIl IIclioolv .l~ 8hown by the fae.t, that. Ocean, but we hear of no !luch wrcckil as btl'eWurolt we giv.e from the hitll1uial rC!port of t.he compare th~ Ichoala of the Iltdent with the 1Ic.'I.~I)· lIol1 large Cltll:a aUtl toW1l1 Icvy, by Itb.e Atlantic C(MJft, alltl thc 11Iitl-oeciul !iIMlll!lSt..'\te ~lIpcrilltentlellt will ahow. The taUle .chhol. of tha pa.st.. til ... fonner make a very l'~\t';r \'(It.l?, ,ll. tax °rllfrOUl IUll;~ to If·'hur do lIot conligJllhipli to the Jcptll!l as thlJy '0e-..:onomical spirit i", e,·.dcllt in Wllili&lll~ton TIll ~ IJr 1I."1lI! CIl;lIlCC 0 reo lie 10"':"'; all( a often do thertl. On JAn,1 ht>l"e, then: IIc"Cl',:r61t!it~ry., ~t:i;"II\~:l.~ltl~.' hl' the ...~. trbenlity cl'tIlJitalJle aLowiui· J lIli.ht I;veakof hnp.ro\'e· wealthy tlJlItl1Ct... of OruglJlI.. out-'u,lo of tho •.inee the I16ttloment of the ooulltry, W:I!; ;111)'­

m t:QllllCdlOli wlth ~t.te . cha.rltlcs aud tbtl mellt in the uw,J~ a.n,1 llIUt!l<>d. of ua.chiu¥ ill tUWIIII, hll.ve ,,~hoob .•ul*ort ....~l by a direct thin,. like a hul't'icant: knowlI, ullti I the titllCIli.,SC of etlll,jation. 1IIallY l't'llSped8. Iu pllrtlcnlar, the text llOOkli ,t~;" ~ weI~ a-l by their rOpOl~~I_OIl of the pub· of Jl\nuary 1880, whcn a litOI'm SWC!it up hom

The'State Pcnitentiary has of late become ~ bctkl'; thtlf .r~ bt,;ht lllore il)klli~clltly flc school '~'I~it LIII;II\~ d~-t"ct8 tillu blKlh~1 the Ocean to the Southwe.1t. I\IIU pll!ughctliu.. ii._~reat IlU"a.:iili·,,: lle1f·;;upportifl.&, while if.l tlUt· ~ou.s611 al·.... UI y a I: 0 ~tmunl (lU sanp· ita way NOl"th.ltasterly to the hea'! \\"011,,1".'. ufP:lSt tt fil~ -!teen a hCllvy tax. The ~lltell' aurJ. v;it.lllllorll tti('~L.:t r"h:rcllct! to~he ,Itlve~up'- tlOll. the CoIlWlbia river iu MOlitaua. Much tilll'tinr); Imil,lillg is a solid .t.n~eture.bnllt at .:r~t .lllellt of I hll reatlOIiLllg aud pneeptivfl facu.ltimt TtlY. ST4Tt: l',,'H n:':;l..'UT¥. ber W&I leveled and lIUIllC hOIlSCll aUll Ij:ll"ll~

CO:it, '&'IIU wiUlast for a:~ time. c....ovict Jabor uf th~ cJlilUren. WlJilu ther. not oilly Illay The IIHPlil"illh~IUIt:lIt ll&}tl; were unroofed. and with thAt !lingle CXC(:PUOllI' utilized to' fnir AJ\·:IUtA,.ou the farm auJ b,) but a,'e, many inlf,lItuC'1I where CI;'UlllUillll 'fhi~ iUl'ltitutiuli Iluring Ihe lut two yelU"!l no ltorm of rnn,gnitulle hAJJ bceukuo\\'l1 Ilcroin many 'ft'orkshoptl. iill pl'act.ioed, I rc~ret 'to "cklltl\\"le\l~61 it. )'et> hu flllly met tho :lnticipO\Ciflll of its llIost ar- in a half century. \\'e reali of "lJlizl'."\fI""" ill. -The i1l!l;Ule ·have llithel'to been wen ke,-' by ·.Jeu" friclIll:l, It IILI.'" a !H:,d tllful 101'1~tiou ill Miuneaota and devasta' ilJl' hun'icalhl;i ill thl.:r thu illllt.ences aN fl:Wt:I' thau furuulr y.. \Vhile 0

,"outrad, but tholat.e tlo!i~ioll of the Le~i8la' illelficiellcy lIiti tlllthrlllltld ill Illilly ~c11001 the 1Ili,J,;t of chal"lldllg.uatlll"II llCCllCl·Y· THe Soutbwest, and l.erriLle gnlcs un the Abulicture madJ proVrsiOli fur the:el'eetiou of au asy· houlica through the l.u.ml. ),.:t Wt: ha\'o a. br IJUildllll: i. lIubstalltill.l, CIJllllIIOtlioua, wel1 ar· coast, but Illch are Il-Otually unkuown ·\Il::rc.lum-.and· pnrchMe of lulli.;iout la.ntl to 00 cui· Kroo.ter rolitriu of good teach....r» to..Jay t.hail e\'er ra.n~....J and ueauufIII ill a..t.·,.;b itcetll ral de8ign. \Ve hflo\'e \Vinter 8torme when the Southwcl>tti"'a:~etl b;" the p3t~nltJ. The' cost of main- before in "he bwtory of t1.1 SL'l.be. They al'u It hUlil a IIUUlUI'OUI, IILle, alit) de»C.l·"Uttly pop. wiIld••well to a gale n.nd bring tQ 0111' carlltenallce will be gre..'\tly re.lucetl ~'ueu the lh....llg better alhlIllOrel,-'UlilldtJutioua ,...urk thll.ll ular curp~ nf illstruct<.rl>, i. fur"i",hell with tbe .urf beat of the Ocean, perhaps a hUlllll"l.l,l1mildiug·i!J ·t.'()mplc~. haa beeu dOlle herctoforc, alld ~he tellllo••c)' i" a"TI~ cllenl;,:.l, pliil08tJphical an,1 Alathe0l8~ m.ilel away; 8(lhle timbt!r hlily faU ill tin;

'Our membel'8 of the Legillatur~ "e~ 13 a ur.w~l"l18 auu t.11l~ teacher' "how a COlllultll,la- ica. aPI,arolitu», aUlI with a larl:::e alht increaa· 'mountab, and the farwner may quit WQl·k for.day:" \Ve tuIP·thillh'1l rather too clu.ee, 101 tact, L ~ zc..1 in thlli'relfurl-» to prepare thltlll!.~h'ea iug patrolluJ.:e frOlIl a·1 poltioliS of the Stute, a few day. and have tillle to reaJ up hi8 !leWIS'and there Sct"I". a !leell of lUore Ubera! ex.peu- J' I U '1).1' I . and is doing a uoble put in the ~tlJlet"!l1 edu· paper, but'th~y are only stohlla til at arc di::i-d~ b' 'I I' r '.' to h U to l3C lar~e Ie r~I}(JII»1 (u ulltlc" 0 theIr eatiollal wO"k of ,I,', "'''''', ." ,l,ould I,e bl "I 'c' 1...ure. \l le poop e are a nyu a.ve I~ pOo'litioI1ll wa moru elficicut Ill:Ulllt~r. 0 .. ... agretla e WI IOU lK'tng I ltllgerou.!l.constitution tjllktF~1 with; anu arc very jWl.l- Of Ifl.tu the puLlic tichoul" of the $t.attl anI) foatcred awl ellco\lra¥ell ",'ith a rel'LSollaLly Our pre't!ailing whuls are otf the Occau,ouw of their 'ri~hts and prrvilege&. the syarom of f l"C~ po:rula.r c<l ucatiuu ill Kt'liemi lib6l'altlhand.. . fl'OJtl the flouth Wt'st and tlll! north W(;l>t., 'J'J1I'l'

havtl been lIuLjuctc to a IOliarp. llnd nut in [ha lhe ple&llure of hcilli present II.nd ue the regular tracle wiua,lt,f the XVl'th "a<:ifie,"= . I' II / 'II I I .. wituea",ing the el08illr" tl:(crci"Wlf at the Uni- which eaablea vesselfl to kcep • gO<1(1 oliillg,SCHOOL "S¥.-- OF OaEGOlf every lllil~\OO, rh~n, y. Ulli <I., e 0 eI1,j~lSm. !II . d

. ..- . aud ueuune,iati.OlloJl the part orth. pre" oftlll~ ,'('ralty'lI the I h 0 JUllt! last. A cla88 of IJl when they grow into II. atorm t.he l(;lllpC..t_Ttle lePort of ROil, L. J. Powel1, Sup't of St4tea.ndsundry OOrTIHpollucnt.. YctuaS(en. };j young gellt1emell Awl .5 yOIiIl" ladie.s gratlu- bean no compar"80n to the storms we I'('a,l of

eral thinu wben tlu: INhoola have llCeJl Pll~ to thc .ated ~ it.l\ t.he honon of the iU8titution, whotte olMwMre. It may be c1ailllclt. t1ldll, tha t tileoomrnon .chaol for UIP State of OreuOll, - f.' ,. " I I I th h ' , to 'h ~-I b' II 1• teet, it h.a.s beeu clearly ahhwu thnt ~he U'l'e: .uua lUiora IOU8 aliI essa)'! I> IOW(l( oroug enugran e ....... um Ian "n cy c.\I1 \:\.\-ctRade Se(ltembel' 1st, gives mncb valuable iD· tbod. &oJ sy",.m of tht! s~hools of the prc1ent, rillll.t111 an h,lJepelUlt."OCfi of thought rargly faith that Nature here-in SUllllller, \\" hlterrorJ.!latloll·in the form of tn.hlea, that follow: while they a~ not whllt ,we cOI.1M deeire in witueased on luch OC(:&lIions. . and even in atorms-willahow nu vill.Jk:tivuT~e fACt:., l~&le k"nown in hi" report are .ulli· eYery respect, yet. when the, IU"8 OODl.parod, TUM ijTJ.T• .AQIUCULTeH.\L l'OLI.Y.Or.. moem.

~. 'I 'b th hi'" I I A thunder fltorm i8 a very r&rc Oc;CtlrJ"l~nc(,'eicut of. them$elv61 to cOllvince any' road&' apeL"'IlU '1tIJ~ e 6C 00.. UXI put., tIe, t w... my privile~e al80 tu pay ... vi.it to L_ th I Imade a kvorabl. Ihow~·n. S9 ""crely have the State A<~ulturalCoUero located at Co~. ~,IO rare at maTi)' persoll8 ,(,I'll an,

\.hat Oregon is alive w the ireat uecersaiV of 001 .. N.ieed here have little idea of t.h~ lcrrificour ach • beun critJc' • and more Mt:lecia" vaUt., and from penloual Ob!lS''''IlUoU CAO.y 1.__ b L. L' I' '11public e,l\1cl'llion. 'anll haa a well petfeoted U, the hiih .ohnol. alUl "th••yltem," the ,hat. the tcheolls doinl( ueelltl-II~ work &oDd Cuaraet.~ t ey nave r~'\lj,t. t 1:1 p'>s~\) e,.chool !!o}"!'Item. The I,.me. true of ~-'h.ing. '·cn.mming ptol.~CII" .f the echootl IFt'QWilig In fa\'or ."ith the ...........Ie. It beinf 8QJnetimu jn Summcr, a.lld ~(:,ll::iimlally in0_, T "0 I ./ , '.. .b 01 'b 'I ,.. .-- h 1. r--r Winter, tbat thulllier ill hC.'\I·d, bu' ;, OCellrll..... len'1 1"'(, "Ill 1 we are no mlS Mil €I . e pueeut time. t IA~ at ~t· aD' III t e \,'inter at the tinMl of my vitlit,It.ofIOOIl:lyetem of the two al'e very aim&c., noaillchool me.... ting in t.he city of Portland., could. no~ apeak from oheervation of the "'ork very lI"l1dom. and 8harp lightning is a phenom.

SCHOOL caS:f7s "OR' 1680. In order to in'l'CIltib'ute these chariM and u- of the aKJieuItural depal'tlllen~, Lut onI, ef enon almoet beyond the imAgination of a native\Vbi>ie llulll~.er ';If organi7..eol Dilltrictl. 1,007 ~rta.in wheth6l' they weI" ,,·ell JP'Ounded. a ihe libel'''? depat1;n:liImi. Thia W&l thorouJ:1 of the country,T.~' f ,I CIOD1..........nt committee WILl' appointed by t.h. and etf~tlve'al,d w,'h a ..oa' ,'Ie and o. The general healthfulne88 of t.he country ill_ numbe.r 0 penollfl ovel·. lWu F"'" • 01 ••~ b 'h 'f " f'

.choat meeting and ~iveu. ampl•. time to in. dent faculty. • ooune promo~ y e um OtllllY ° sca-

T~~~er '20 years - ........• 69.G15 VM~-te tbe matkr eo far u the ci of Pon. RelAtin to 'he ch.,--.., of 'I,e -'0" 'hey eonl; and our freedom from two gl'cat extl'Clll6&Q~ I\.wn.~r of pupil!! curolled in the...... ~I -.... a: and h "'t d k I I IP~b.lie .chool!! duriJlg the "ear ..... S7.a33 land WUI concerned. and alter havilll r!e'f"oted an (toin(: for the Hta.tc, 1 Iva.v tUl.y that judg. ' 'Ir-P "ICI", II ~ 110"'11 e !ilew lcr~ IUh

, /0" th to 'b . b', ~ 'h II' I h I I I general y tbrouo' hout the worlll, anti for theTotalll.veragcllaily attellrJ.ance of pupila • or men 8 e IJO lec an'.! oroug I y IDi rom t e C 1U'1w:t.er 0 t Ie inli~l'uct.on per·h bI" I I examined aU tile charj(es and critici.ma, thcy fonning their te.'lpective dutielt, I Lolieve It a ume reu'Yll we have surer cro)lsaullltJS8 ctlre

at t e pu IC lIC 10» 8 -. - .. '27.435 lubmitted the following report at an adjourn- such u tA, oommend it to UI>l fnoralJ1e con.' and expen.e for wiutcrillg ~tock. ;\ COlllltl'Y~!Wll,.er of pl1vate schook.. ..... 142 ed ac:hoo1 meeting, Ju.ly 12th, 1880: llid.era,tiOll of e'•...., citizcn of th(l State and to that may be aaJJ to hll.\'o no 8e\"l:I'C sttJI'1I19",u.mber of pupilll attending private be I'd -', h 'd' d I poMMSl!II an equability of climate tI.Iltl tl'1Il1)cr·

--Lools • 211 RaPO-T O. INV',TWA.TISO c()~·I-L" ooa:e upon ~It pn tl tu8tua 0 du- ..\... be<aI .••••• ••••.•••.• ••. .•• •••• .. •• ment Wlat IllSUrC!l man)' pl'llctkal clIcllts Ull·

}.. vr.:;etagc",:~1~~~,,1.".', ,01, • ,".'0.'.' '.1,", , 0,.f, "',',h,OO,,I, Your mmittee reepectfuJly' ,1Il1.IUdt the CQuragclllell t. knQWD to moat other CUlllltrie8.d ...." 4 48 He echOl:e the acntiment of Olll' people ,ben\V ole numher of male teaoheta ' following report embodiOil in .tatelllenU and he 8&Yo:

.mployed hoMing First CI:ua Grade rMOlu~iol18: The foete:r1ng oIa thorough ey~te1D of pop- B1ll 1.an4a in Clacll:amu County.n. 'ifi t "73 10 h', . 1 I .1 ular educ-.tioll- mit! that IUJ BtUlt:I"Oft h&l ....eJl.......r Co'\ ce............. ...•......• eo Jee oaal4,"llOl ua were,arrang~ unuer . In our lIketch of Cln.ckallias coullty we Ill.l.",.,}

'Vhole rnunbcr of female teachers em. ftve distinct hOfU.1I1, Iu ol'tler to 01 :,ain c1cnr said, woultl "take e\'el')' chiltl of the colRmon-ployed hoMing T:'i rst n~ade Cel'tifi. a.ud definite vit."WI, tach .•uIJject. ~'U8 eu lJ.c1ivi. we .lth from the ~tl\tc for hi~ futprc «OOt-1 eon: partIcular mentlOU of the foot-hill 1a1l'J,~ all.}·ea~ 306 dell ant! a aeries of qllC8tiJJIlI pn:p.llr,t:d and dillet and uaeful Itt:t\'ice," h.. ri.,::htly been their JlCollpective VAlue, allil thl! fullolving

Wholemllllberoilllalet~ll-Chi:rtlemploy· &a8igned to fi\"e Jt(lh-eo,1IIIlit«:e8. who were (t!cIllCfI l,y. every tmlight4'lIu" a.nd patriotic froiD the Silverton Appe:l1show8 what is l>cillg-ed hohli.ng :;(;cou,l Gmde Certificates 262 requ08le~l to ciKallliue every (Ieiu t 'lI,zlInclI IIIHl llto'l.teSUH\1l III the lll.nd. a8 thc firllt tluty of a tlone there. 1t mtult Ix: relllCIil herc" till! t t1Utl

\Vh()le lIumlHlr ef female tea<hel's em· mak. 1\ 8peeil\I report. E,'cI'y mem1)cr of l\lt~ repuhlican QOlillllllllwealth, RIIJ the ke),.wne region ili ouly ahout 3;i to 40 miles frnlll Port.ployed. holding Scc..ndGrade Certifi: eOJlllllitttfo fclt authorized tu "isit ally 01' III! of to tht! perpetuity of lUI itult'peudcnt form of Iud. A corrcspondellt of the Allp('al, speak-cal:.cl ..•..... : .......••....•...'.. 373 the dt:pa.rtmcllte, gm..lee anti c131l8C!l of the po(lulargovernmeot. ingof anew plaeecallett Htl&idhlilc. M)"S:

Total nUlIIl>er of waehera employed public achoole anclscek iufomua.tion from the . __3" _. I _ l'hi. settlement 1l0W coutain", about 2.",during: the yeal· _... 1,314 .choolsuperintcn~l~l1t alul tea..ch~<N ht:re aUII ITORIlS ON 'taE lfORTHWElT COUT.· awilies. Is Ilitllated at the foot of 1'1, !Spur of

· Averagu montbT,. lIaltu·y paid male elllcwhen~, from CthZCIII, froUi JUlldAltuui other r -- the CasC&(l6l:li is "uumlell ou the 11<1111. bykAchel'll ~................. 4. 19 p~ofetlll~ol1al Incn, frol~1 JlU~li8iJ~,1 ~,'ieW!l o'l.l~.l Th. pl'(~\"o'l.ilinK Willtl8 of Rlimmer, with U8. Bell""er Creek, 011 the sO.lIth by thc ~h.lalla

Avt:ta.ge mOllthly ;uI.11.\I·y· p.\i,l female' dl8CUltIllOlI$ ~I .the fluL,lPC~ III (It ·Ier .,ltltCll. LtC from t.hu Nortll o.nJ theil' elrect ill to t6m, The pl'"acllt site of RlIl:lSclI villc was 11:;Cll ;lS at:eachet'8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. M 88 In jUliticc to olll~elvOltall,1 t.he ohjt,~t8sollght, 1 I' . '1 I del' htl I CAmp anti the Imrl'OlUlllil1" eOlllltr)' a1\ 1\ ISt{wk

~ be / I lot 'I' 'I k h 1 r I per t. III SOOSOll aliI glVtl 1111 coo lUll It' u 0.,um ro I+calemle8............... OJ .wellHl8 aay .ll~ lewor "as .....ell lU' too . . rangeby\VilIinIllHnsfll.lI, a ''':!m', aftl'l'lhcNumber of .eoUehtVLtc achools. . . . . . . . . Wl i~Rot fo~ the tlrlle allowed .ua 01' Ulat we could I' IlIghta, e.ven tl~roll~h M IlhtU l11hH~r, &0 that bllrll of '.0, \\' hich all 01,1 8cttlcl,;it will I'tl-

ljumber of teacherl> 'in I'ri\'ate achoo" 212 give to It. .'.. lC~ce eVeT a Illght oocun when a b1An.kct. melnoor. Later tilt: fine ctl(lar thcf'(~:lL...nts [It.· Number of grltll.lc sehoflhl. ':'.. 46 At UI61 out4e~ of th~ dl!lCUS31011 thre~ gre::lt il Dot ncec1NI for COlli fort, Thil iIl81.1r81 a Itn.cted d,iugle makers, whu ha,'c siucc ahoutJiumbcr of tl:a.cheril ill puhlic gr.ic1cd facta Uleet QS' I ..'- ..~ 'I I At 'I , t',.' . good tlegree of health t1u-ough the hottest ~ .ua-..t Ie e~tpp y. .. It! IH"CS~1l IIlle

· .;eehoola ..•................... ,~.. 168 1. lhll.~ very L'nge grall~ h:'\,. b::en IlIl'1.lle '. I tblllMlttlement- I!S a. thrl\'wg t.'QlIlllIUlllt)'; Iau.1· NumLer of pnpilll. in pu~~ic gratled" by tMi 1.la~lO!'Ial gf,vcrlllIlC!I.t fu.r IluhllClIChoolll, I scason lIlakus hRl"\'ctit work 1t:8S ~I'Pl"el>8l\'e i h... beeD clearerl. and a rit,h, prOlhlai,'c /Suil

,.Qboola , "........ 7.814- ,a~OuDti,ng ~I'~O ~Ile orga~IZl~tlOll of the T(tr: I on ~lo'l.ll Q.~rt beaat, 1101111 oRen the flick ht:~tcr: h&ll .rt!warded tlleir Iahor~ pl'\)(ludnJ.j. '\·.117nIJl!'\r.l!B-~E"U;Wl·1l YOR 1880. ' r~tory Qf OICilOll , APQ'lIIl~ 14, lS.j,~,. t:o OIlC I Upporttllllty forcollv ...lc8cCllCu thMi thc heatert Summ"r .faUow'tlU froUl ~a to 20 LIl~hc.l:s lie.'

elgut.c'lnth of all the pUblic. lalltlll, glvmg ttl '. . . ..eN.' .our S~te .10116 'J 3-/7 ~77 a TC8 hc.·i~cil hry · .turlns known III nil ut.hl::! part.~ of thc Ullltcd 11 II 'II 'h t r tl , 1

' , . '" ..11 t,;." • Oc . .. uflae \'1 e IS 8 C cell er 0 Ie "'t: t 0l\1Cllt.tra.:t for ILII a,l'icultUI"l col1e~e :ulll. State St.'\tOIl. ·Theil "gam, the :)ollt.h wllIJI ..... hlch Mr. RUllscli will carry 011 (fliite all c\lel.i.Sin'Ulm'e~lIlty.. ~'hu procccllit (J( thelle three a.nd prevail t.hrough the Winkl', Iwillg Warm air .dairy bneinua uext year.. An exccllcl~t "is.one·t~lIrd Ilull.ums of .acrclt, awl oUler lall<llI, from that dircdioll, whilc the 6f'~'an "urrcllu trict achool is taught here, ..... ith an IltIClll!aUCli

.COIl.tltlite an IrrCl.lucl!J!c fnull. "Cllh:d IOlcly I A' f 1 I I' thi. \Viutcr of flO !iCholllr9. ColiSitlend,lc:lt-, bl' I,,' I' ' I,., .weep up t Ie 111M COllltt rom t Ie III Ian .. . .In pu IC el IIca 1(,111. III a. 1I11crcl 11111.., no . teutlOll III lJelug p.'\111 to sheep hll ...huulry.a f~e fllmple w> care of thc Sta.t.e .a!! trulltec, Oco.'\l1 OoI:lll eUt\'t' ,1"wll the No;tb ~Ulcncall All All iUust.rn.tioll of the fertilit.y of thc ::;uil,w)lll.h llleJ~ell Congrc88 on !lflnlll:lltIC)Il ll.!to'l.II0V· ~.oo.st WIth a "road sweep,?~~rYl1lJ.;With tllelll our ihformant wa.a llhtlWll n. turnip wlrich was

.creigu StattJ., to gUlml tldll fllllll 6o'l.f<:l)' anll tu thc well known c}lltm<o:h:n tlC~ tl~. the Uulf afeet 3 inclU:lfl ill cil"uuUlft:l"cnec..uac all its incl'~l\Se fOi' the Il'ltIC CIIIICo'l.ti~lI of all Strcam, a.!",o IICll> to 1Il.o,hfy Ollr \\ lIIterl:l. and There is t-titl plenty of IMIl l~, 1;c ha,t of 1.11.)our youth•• Ita Itcctlptallce all a. tl"\llI~ IlIlpo8k,I sllpply ~!le foga all~l ra.1lI tbat crca.te the milch railroad and government, and tht:l{us:wll"lllcupon the State a IIw~I\L 1\1Il1 pc'l:l8lhly legal ..hu.scli W llL-foot, ch mate IIf. our coa.st cu' coDlDlunity are glad to welC"1ll1d all itlllllil!l";llll"o".li~iou to PN:J:lCI'VC C"(:1'y dullar of the g;on ~ntl W"tmtem vallt'Y8. It 18 tr~e that we who mean lJUJuness. Mr, W. 1Io'\)'S th .... I'~IIPJ.,pnuc\pal, al~,1 to nl:l~l'e ev\:ry IloUar wasw~l oco;\810nally h.ave llharp 1IllCIII ~f wlIlLer, aud ...... kiod and bOlipitable, II.net o'l.t·c well all,I...:, 'HI'

or lost. 1 heae nat.ioll~t gral1l:M f?r publhl p~l'h:l.pt1 tlnc~ IU wn 'ylW.nJ our .",-en freeu up fortably provided with the nece~ u·i.:... uf lifl'.acbooh and cellep also IUlply a IllltJOwU oou- for a short tune. Ncwember ~U8t paued w ...catiOD.,·U1d. place i' beyond u.. l'uwu of clear aod fCOlt]' IDOIl' of t.be time. and·.howed Cyru W. Field left lUI: China lIll tlw 1.;;,h.-.... .. pra..-.joa. , .. t-ol\illllioll .......... """'d ... daaiaeol, 101"

;' Amoqnt p:1iil W tencheML ....•. >12\"0,420,88Amount paill for r'?pail1l on llChool

hOWle& Ami pn:miJiUi .Amo~lIlt [!&itl fur achonl furnitutl! ..

· Amount pa;..! for hu-Ianll tlther inei-dfmtalH ' 8,78.',16

· AI'OQunt pairl rUlO '':lPllaratllH, ~lohca,maps•. etc........... 618,15

Amount paid tor grouIHla, I,uiIcBIlg& , ..and ot!lC:I' pmpOl:le:> ". . . . .. 72,004,73

Graml total p."ifl out'lllring theyen.I"S307,031,46! Cost per cll-pita of till pel"80lIoI of

8chool aRc , ..•:.~tper capita'of lIoll enro1let.l iQ

IBChool : .._ _ " .••o.t per:-capita of th41 av'se dai.l,"'~ , ,.,.

ItXI'E:'iS£ ACCQlJ!o'T.

ToW, , a:J

_========'_::_'__":.~:::'=_:.',=;::;;:;:=:==\~\.=I~LL=A=N=I~E=TT~~:~F:::,~~I=lM=E=.H::.__=;_=PO=I!.=T=L=iAN~~D~,~O~I!.=E~O~O~N~,~F~Il~B~I)~U~A~R~Y~4.~iil8~I.====;='j=;,==::=::::::='~"'=':::"'~'_::'0==='="::_::_=="SIlEEI~ ANn "001.1. (Rockwell) JOIl(l.~. McT..cOfI, l'attcrBOlt and Illy- dium eized ehe(lp to ~et a fair living-a COUtJj- Broa., who ha\'e • choice Bock of well.bred

aclf contl'ilmte,l to\\'tl.I·,lR Davirl..'IDIl'lIl1toek. tiol1l1tlitahle to growlIlg fino wool of the be~t M .In Westtlfn Oregon, ill VOUglAS county. q,nality-the comh~Dg.wool sheep is not get- erlnolJ, that are mon!l thl" usually valuable.

"'clltlel SOlltherlin has lately commenced tmg Ihe amonnt of feed n~ces&n.ry to keep ita Mr. Dufur value. them at 13 a bead, and tbe,.with Freudl merinos from Mrs. H1I\COw's .tock: "001 in healthy' growth, 80 both wool and eVidently pay .. large iutere.t ou that, butJ\\l.h.'eTholllns~mithi.alsothere,wl,.,e,tock .heep.·.·.···,·· t' 0 f h thO h• "K. 0, a mg, n res ralllle IS 8 eep, well bred, can be Madly purcbued at aWI'S thc l\lcf,eo,l (lrove from Vermont:.. and I ifl not the.;Me, and for a while a very good I Ithiuk Senator Htearns haM 80Inu of the SAme ataple of long.wool call Le ;roWli on sueh muc 1 e88 price. The DufW'S have an excel·8tock crosse, I hy Jewett, &. Munson sheep, range., but tllC cauaea I have indicated very lent range on Fifteen·Mile Creek, aoa,th of TheIII Polk county l). M. Guthrie breeds ~001~ begin to opel'ate, with results that fully Dalle&, and in addition to that they have alargely with French and RI)nllish ",e,,·.o.. ).,t,fy the wool ~ou·e... fo· I, I' I b.,- • ) 'eee lUg more "" ua Ie swamp' lAnd elaim 20 mile. Watt., ont,\~~re lwe.a few thorollKhhrell merinOl kept in anli more toward!!! th~ clothmg·wool she','p,Llllll connty hy Mr. Knox, of, Knox's hntte, Tbe present wool crop of the Columhia the ,benches of the mountains, covering thou.and hy Mr. Tholll:ls Fl'Olll;\n. llear AIl,:l.uy, In river valley, illchillillg East allli West of the sands of llCrM of swamp lands, that aJl'ordMarion count"y '1', \V, Dll.vcuport Jill" "Rock Cascade range, will very nearly grAde as "me· excellent late Sununcr and Fan pasture. TheyfOllllllcd ou th·~ N:\'-'lor stock 11.1111 some of c1ium cloth,·.g '''ple'' 'fh f

J .,. ere are, 0 coune, are exc..ptionally well fixed, and beeidet hanmine-, cross,'1! with 1,100,1 of Se\'t'rance & entire chps that would sort Illto combing,r'cct'$ impll1tation. ThulllM CroM, ,r.· J.., .coarlle delaine And noil•. There are flocks of natural talent for keepiDg sheep to tbe beltPardsh, 11011, l<', It. SI:~i th anI! llIy!\,~1f lift ve long.wools that htl ve been kept unrlcr the moat adva.ntage, ,,'hich is an eaeential to .1IC08Uf.lstock "egall with the t'arliest'illlportation frOID bvorable conditlonll. 1'here are still larger sheep hu.banrlry. TI10se who lack this canVenllont anti An8traHa and aolded to by such num l --... of flo·k. of th,', ..me ,.,. I tl t hIAI, .. ' ....H Ul ave hl\rdly.uoceed under any circumltance..IIl.~er importatiolla al'i wm·e thought to be a \teen brells towards the Mcdno, thl\t a 1I\I'gegam. propor~ion of "me,F'.lm to fine delaine w(,ol." EAi'lT PORTLA!'CD, Dec. 21, 1880.

The..brecdcr. of long wooled sheep nore: accordlllg u the flock hM takell the tJr!:lt, sec· Editor Willamette Farmer:Mr. '"llkllls &- SOM of Laue COlIllty, who .Qud or third crOfts towaros flne wool These Ihavo th.a N"w Oxf"nlahirclil. '1<. J.me. t' all to f b" d I .' I n pentsin, your CJ:cellent Iiescription of tiMI' exc~v Ion 0 0 COlD "'Ig anu e _lIle "A'OO s great Columbian l,asiD in the FA...... of theRiehar~ls, of Wa1<lo hillll, lhi1:l (~h.l'i()ll) cOllnty,. receive .no diltCtimin&tion i)) their fAvor in 8d' .ket~p8 CHt~w(jltl1:l; 1l1},I", 1lodic\'e, ~Ir, Withy. our local roarketa.. Tile cllHtom htJre Is to . math my ~~~_,involunt&ri1y roDS baok. toCHIIlhv, S. n. Iwt',l, an,1 R"Io"l"t 1",1",', of h 001 b th tat' I th d" time" en rallCoaul weN unknown in Ol'\egon... ,uy w y e repu 1011 0 P. Istrl,:ta al',1 the FARM"., w;lh. Ie" 01 ,'\0 Dl'" de.\Va."hin,'toll COlllltv, Tlw :SoutlllloWUI ..~ wher 't' aN> "00 I t I" "'! ..'='"., ~l ,e I la a __ ·wn, as t1g &8 COUll Y woo, voted nso.trons, were makingan.etrori to bringHl\HlI)~hil'c,lowlls ar(' uo IOll"er ·kel.)t he·e of '·\V,II.mette valley "001 .. 0' "L~...'''.'' 0 ~",' ", l'...,., reo oofore t,he public the vast natural and unde.Illy know ledgc, anti of I":l.te yel\l's' there haR gon wool." But the ob-<lerTing reatler willllf>e velo':""l resourcel of our adopted State.heen h·ss alII! hl~>l illt'~l'e'tt mallift111 e,) here occasionally, a~ill a late Jellrn:llof t.'ommerce 1........ ,'il! the ocst IOllg woolCfl ftLInilie"" as lIocks of quote,1 hy the American Stockmt\n, J)ecelllbe~ Hl\ving been c1OSf!ly identified with th.them orwc hd,.i hy COrndltl8 of Wl\i'lliington !lth: "Valley, Oregon, talllhs' wool (ht agricultural interest. of Olegon for more thabB"kcr of Yamhll, nlHl K<,ys of He loin Ilav~ fleece) hf'1<t in SAn It'rancisco'at 31 to 32 cents. twenty years, and still believing, as I eorerllisar.pearecl, It is not that the1l6 hrc",l~ can. Eaatern Oregon lamm:, 26 to 27 ccub:" wloil~ hav*" that no State in the Union pcMa.ed atIlot 'c kept in Western Or'~b.ofQn aud made to California Northern (Humuoldt alll! Mendo. manyad\'lultage. for tbe legitimate a.ceuIP.Q.pro(lnce cOll1hillgwool of the \"~ryheRtelli~lity, cino countie8) are quote,l 25 t,1 2f.j cellts, lation of wealth, and the re·est&blilSbment. otThe awanls of first c1as,'Jin~dnls by till.! World's Those '1"001-, I follPllose, Rre 1I0rtc\1 alld grl\tIC\1 independent homes, u does thi. State; 'andfair of 1876, Aud lllfllC rl.'cclllly· of Padll in San Francisco, anl1 the OregGII growcr, for knowing that the WILI.A.METrZ FARliu iIaud within a few weel'lI" pawl' t the wool ex: the mOlt part fai1~, under rrf-Mont methoos of read With Ill\ercst in almOlt all of the older,position hcld at Phillldelphia, pl'on's that :ltarket, to ~et the full b~lldit of good ureetl. States, where olle of the all·importan,t qu.·\VNltern Oregon can ('xl'(~I, h(,th in loag: eomb- mg. _ tiolllS in the o"trrcrowded districta is: "Whening ami ill jiue clothil1g wools: hut our ex. Oue main c&u!!!e of thira is thnt lIheev and can we find &afe investment for iodepenrleut.pt:~'ience pr(wes that C(JAlhiug wool sll6ep reo wool growing are but in UUlir beginmng in homes?" I ",ill, wiib your permluion, gi.ellulre cOUl'tI\nt ":'11 COlI thp. part of tile OWn(lrl, OI'CgOll, aud vJry mahY ,,'110 .ar" engaged in your rt>lI.ders· my vrews .nd experience in woolto kct'll thcm ill the prllpcr c(lllditi(jn~ There it are merely learners ill the butlinen. 'Vhile growing an,t .heep hUllbandry in Eul;ern On.al-e, a few ,I(l~atioll:i in Wtl.t'em Ol'egon elf so~e are apt to leacn and 800n UecoUle .Idllful gOIl and W1\' hingtoll 'fel'ritcny. It cannot bewhich tltl!! II! not truc, Therc tll"O a ft'w in the managemf'ut of flocks. anll conse. expt!Ctetl that a detailed statement will beranges of limited f'xtellt that arc bcttel' allapt. quently are .neeeisful, IllnollY, Mrl per, mAde ill olle sbort al1:icle of all the eligible 10­CILtO lOll).! ",'orJc,1 ShCe!l t1'an to IUl)' othel'. - haps mOllt, a.re merely making a !ivUlg, catioll8 for sheE'p hushtl.ll,lry.in a tenitory ofThcre are aholo flll'lIIere who 80 ke('p their Othct!J are slowly failing of succeiJS at &II, u country soexrellaiv.e tha.t ~ome of our Letemf1()~k 'JUllcr couditiolUl g(lnl"raUy llotf.l\·orable. they cannot adapt themseh'cs to the QCc"pa. 8t.tes might be overlooked u a JiUJepatcbofthat th~,y brinll to Innrkt't X "cry g()()() article tion; but out of ..11 thia ",m come knowle~lge wmtory :::ot "orih aettling on•. And .. it iso{ COllII'lIlg W(,Ol. HII t sllch are exeeptional with experient..'e; the men and the flocks. are t..x> frequell~ly the CAse in dtllCribing a OOUllirymell at pl'e~ellt. The gI.'IlCI'.I: conolit.ion of the growing that "'iIl make this Northweat Caut for a writer, with a single stroke of tbe peD,climate of \':cstenl Ol·ezon. IUld the pasturage region one of tbe fint ""(l(ll'growing, and, ul. to dec1ara it to be the finest I,'lace i. the wOI'ldfunlishe,l cither lHltllmRy orhy the help of the timately, one'lf the fir~t "'001 manufacturing for' everyl}()11~' and fI_verythlog, I .han, iafarmer.......re such tllut thcrl~ is a stea,ly. deted- pcrtions of thc earth. UQd h1l.ll g"-ell the this. comllltlni\:Ation, simply give facti ando~tifll1 frOlllall IWCntr,j£o: lItlln,lanl of Cotswold. conditir,lu favorable for hot', occupationB a.nd fig'.lrCfl &ll far aa my own experience 10M inLeh:estCI', 01' i\cw Odord llheep. The Rock man will use them to tJle full of their adapta- aheup hus\lalHh-y in Eastern Orell;oo.growl! Jl:rarlna.lly 1ll00-cnn,ll,m,rcle~.y in appellr- tiona. At th~ late National Show of Sheer. I migh t, wilh propriety, ref,·r to tbe for·Allee, t1le ""ool'L cOlllelll'lhortcr, dri"r ani leas atld Wool, held in Philadelphia: at ",llic I tunee realiud by sneh lIlen as }t~ra.zjer, Moore,Instroll", aUtI i,n m:l.uy ea~ses the she' p, while Oregon wools made a good lecord. W·. F. Field, }{ogerll, Smith, th" (;1,&IIIS, Waldrona,l;omparati\'ely yOUllg, 1000e conllitlerable of M...rkhlUTl tlelivereJ an at1l1rCHS befol'tl the ThompsoDs, F9.I·garll, and hundreds of otbenthill wo··1 heforc ~'l'tlillal')" 5hcMing time. "Conl't'utioll to promf,te the- sheel' and wool' who ha\-e come. unJer my obser,·a.tion in Rut-

For theAC gt!llcr;\1 n.'a,'()II,~, those who tAk(t industry," in which he w,l: "Along our ern Oregoll, or the ,.,.and faillll'e of lIe.......1interest enougli ill t!:(l Hht,el' tiley kcep to uae Northern border i. a region emhra.cj:n~ Oregon others I know of who Beemell to think tbeyROY pure hlOtJl.iefl Alit·,,!, 1'01' t~ l'"1l1'lOse (If im. and ""l\shiugf.on Tenitol'y, wl\rmell anll could make & fOl,tune by investing in Ibeeppro\-emoont, or e\-ell lliaiutaillil1K the measure moistened by the wintl!! MIl corrente' of the and runnillg them wit,h dog. without food erof prolilsl r~ceh'etl fl1JlII tlieil' Rock., look, in Pacific Ocean, presenting the same pcculiarl. shelter, let the colli be ev, r 80 aevere M' thel\ hrge lllajo1"ity , f l':Ult..~, 1..ow:ll',b the merinolS tit~s of climate ..uti \·e~ctation to which arc snow flvor so ,leer: but this would not gi\'eThis i's so, to such lUI t':nent., evcn in \Vc!!tern eredited much of the vtl.ulltell e;tcellt'nce the practiCAlllltSI CBS men of tbe F..aat a --eor·Ol'~goll, that I think t H.t I alii safe in uum· of the I~"lf-w"ole(l sheep of England." lIIr. reet idea of the nect'ssllrY exp~ntefJ to be ib­_in,!\'that at this tiulC' the amoullt of merino Markhl\m IS right: the c1im"te is uCl'e, though curred, 8nll the prohnLle profita to be derived11!r:0l1 ill the "h(l~pd tlH~ ct.t1n:ry is t..'lJual to it is not so "'idA in it. inlJuence as he 8tates. f!'Out carefully cOlllluc~ed lIbeep hus1J,ndry inthat of 11.11 ,t.1lCr l'I'CW!S tClKtlther, common It co\'ers. however, the two cOllntiea of CAli. the l':Utlrn distri.:ts of the great ColumbiaAtock iudur-Jc'l. That ill: J heHc\'t!, the sheep fOl"nia I h!,,-e mentiollcd, the Wl.'8~rn third bABin.·of WC!lt!-l'II {h'egon will gralle nearly or quite, of Oregon, th~ half of \\'8shiIlKtO\l and the .My experience has l,roYed to me that a ar·half-hlooll merinu. West end of nrit~h C('llumbi3, Hut from tn.ill Amoullt of fOr&¥e, with cheap .1lM4diA,

OWlIIg to tift!; 1"f\i'i,l e:<tt'n>tiol! of wheat.farm. t<:a.t of the Cnsc:ulel to '\'estern Kai,l>A.8 ami and dry .traw beehhug is one of th.- beet ill·ing, I\UtIIIll in..:rea.~illg n~c 'If :.h(ll'l' a!l gloILllen f!'om Middle Tcxf\Ol to Alallka;, is 1\11 clothing- vestments the .....001 grower can make i. win·and w('ctlilllc whc~lt,fallllw8. whf'I'e the}' wool country. fe,r which the' lmproved Amer- kri.ng ill }I:n.atern Oregon, It ia true thatarc in !HallY C;l!l~~ k"pl; witholl't watt'r and 011 ican Merino is the lK!st kno"'u ureel!. 'fhe buudrcds of hands are carried through "iii!­short fce,1 duriug tl,e followiug Beasou, e\'en portion of CO&l<t mOlstenf':d by the winds of out extra feed 01' shelter, butl baY~invariab:,ythe .Mel'illo_ hlo(),l is n'lt Ii1ulficil.'ut to count~r- the Pacific, 1I0W occupied M wheat fields, found thAt the 1088 in numbers, the oondit.i·onnct the teudency t.o Iictel'iomtilJu anti llrylle!'ls neelllt, &IJ I ha\'e intlicat..d, something ap. in flesh, and the' shrinkagt: in ",,-eigl,t 'of fteece,}f Occee, antlllm·ks tlO tl'- atc,l are I'etl'ograd. !woachillg English mctho,ls of huslntlldry; both at shearing time h..., more thnon d"uble4 theill;':, AI,o whcat (;U'!1It'11l wh". thus u-e sheep R8 to wheat and 1I11ccp, to make it carty' expellse of fm'llillhing no fcw pound. ot. bay1i\n'e; A~ II. rlllc, lIot yct a,)~)ptel\ the vlan of cOlllbill«-W'ooIM sheep, The Il\nds of the l\ud the light expense of shakes, board. andliueral f~~(:dillg in \\'illter, to II lake up, IU pal't. co 'lit tha.t M'e most fa"orelt loy these' "moid' IlTaW to make wind·hreaks, .bed, and. dryfor bhort, thy feell ill Summer, CIlCtt winds," howcvcr. a,'e yet mllter forcst bcd(lillg to protect the flock from the eold

Wuol g:rnwers ill Ea,feru OrCJl:011 and Wasil' and hrnKh wild growth, A little obscl'\'atiou wiuds, rain, sliowor frostl that occlUliollallyingt(IlI, amt, III lad. ill all th,' eUl1l1try betwecn will .convince My olle that tile tim her belt occur in all countries that I have ever eeen.theCasen,lcs auf! the I:ock~' MO'l\llt:tiIlS, lire along our streAms, the foot-hills, narrow ""I· ,It ill tnle we fr~qllelltly have Winton whenaCh-Allcillg more rapi,lIy tlr:\I1 those\\'eKtof the !e)'s cU1l1 ueuch Il\lhls of our mOlllltain nmges, sheep will not touch h y if it i. feli to them,Cascade range in the il~ll)l'o\'t'lIl1elltof theil' t1'l\t carry Kras. I\nll clo\'er green through the -hut I ha\'e found that from two to threuwool~. This lwhallce iii ncArlv all in the di· entire 8oaSOll, are surer for the prodnction.of weeks is ahout an averA~ time for which thercetion of the Amcricall.Impro~e.!Merino; so such pilluts &II the rntRhaga anil im\ug,H flock muter sbould prodde feed and Ibeltermuch so that 1 helien~ tiler" arc ten meriuo wllrtZt'lI,- than tho lands of the main ""estern for hie 8ock. III the Winter of '76·7 I findnuns p,llvha.qe,1 for uAe thcre to OllC of any or valier, whereoll riatnml dr"IJ(~S8 prevented we fed about IG days; in '77·8, 13 day.; inall other I.l'ccJs. The SOlltilOlowliS anti dif. timbc!' g;,o\1.·th, anti kept it ready for the plow 78-9, 2 dl\Ys; and the sheep that Winterfereut fltllliiic~of eomhing-woole,l .hccp have of the piollneer And the pastnrage of his ox woul,1 ha,'e done much better te have beeiliefthe(ln triel! thcre allttidently ofteu to prove ,eam.. Ent the milliOllll of' acree of ' brush entirely 011 the range. III '79·80 feed andthat the dillll\te alld ot!WI' cOl1ditiollS of slte~Jl alUl·timher II\IUlll lire here, ~fJ:. }t~ditor, wait. shelter WAS rC(Juired about two weeks, andhushallllry in that (Ilcctioll c,f COUlltl yare still ing only for the mind anI! Rl1Iscle that is bonnd the pr~sent Wil~ter bi~s fair to let WI off withmore unra\'nralole for lOllg,woolt~tl lIhecp than to come alld utilizc thcm. Meantime, tho."l6 not lUore than su or eight day.. As our ~thi the cll!Je. as I ha\'e presented it, \Vcst of the who are her~ Ilre fully occupied 8CCIU'inlZ 1,- woolftlld la.mb .crop w~ aboutal! a,'.ra~WithCa'lcade Mounta:ns ill the Willalllette VMlIey, lIults in what t;eelns t.he easlCst 11.1111 quickest fonner years, It nlilY not be unmtet-blltmg toIt is found, in pra.eti< c, thAt in a Rock of mannel", I have triell to show the present j llome of your ~cade1"l to leArn the expenae Amimixed tll'ccds the long-wooled ke~p 011 the statl\8 Rn~1 tendencies of our wool f.,rrowing as profit of I'unnmg a bAnd of 1,500 ewes w~ badolltiille of the othcrs in <Jel\reh of feOO, 011. it is cOllllectcd with iniprCl,'ed \'l't'e(ls of sheep. selected aa about three,quarter blood Menn06:sCl'\'ation proves that when the Shol't·joillte<l,' I have explained the l!leallB of improvementrotmd·!lolllell ~lerino gra,le, weighillg 130 and how it cAme here and is illvltinj:{ thepoull/III Iivo weight, ha., fell to ita· satisfactioll choice of tbe wool ~r(;wer, The field is a To 4 tons of 8l\lt at $"20 per ton..... , ,$ 80.00awl is rca.dy to lie down, tb~ long· wooled Wide one, and in time, 1 hl\v~ no doubt, will. To 8 tons of hay at $10 per ton."... SO.OOweiJ.:hin'( 180 potln,ls~ lIaa not hall feed &c. be fully occupied. To JO tons of straw at '5 pel' ton , 50,00cording to thc re<luirt:lllel1t8 of its natUl'e and ----. To 7 cta pcr head for shetring ,., 106,00size, and in consequcllceis retltleas At camping WOOL GROWING IN WASCO COtJNTY. To 39 wool Backs at 62i cta each."., 2•. 37time. During feeding hOlll'8 such·.beep reo To Dlan ami board for herding, ... " ..•SO.OOqll1rethecoltstallteal'eof the herdertorrtl\,ent JlY UOS. A, J. l.lUFUR.. To two e:o:trnmen one month dwillgthem from leacliug thc flll(~k to t.rAve taRter 'fl I II . f f. parturition,., ..... "." .. ,....... 80.00and f"'l'tller (hUy than is liOO,l for it, Then. 1C 0 oWlog statement 0 l\ct& II an au-when the leallOO reude:e.. it; tliffi<jtllt for a me· ",t\Dt,~ record of Ute expuienot 01 Dufulf

Sheep HlIsbnndry III the ~1I1·

IIlllbin Ut,gloll,

We pllLlish this wc<Jk ~lil'eo sC\'cral COllllIlU­nic.'\tiona, rrom experienco,l \\'001 {; ro\\ el'S,that co\'er the entire grolllllt of sheep hW8h:tDII·ry and wool-growiug iu the Colrubhiau Valley,The editorial CUlllluelltB tlmt accolllpltuy flt\el1are all that is IW(llletl an,l the .uLjeci coul,l.not be left to hetter hllnds. \VtlllaVC songhtto furnish prlWticAl inforl1,ation cOllcli'rniugone of the great anll mOBt prodnctive ilUhts·triel we ha\'c an,l so hr\\,e securecl tltt.\iiO tlX'

prf:lS8iol1s from pr:lcticallllen who hiwl.l nlalle'], success of it, Hon', John .Minto, who is aself·madc mao, well·knowH lis n pioueer alll.lwhose n:une ill familiar in ourpo1iticl\llri~tol'r.

reahles at Salem and i8 a practical twee,ler ofMerino sheep; HQu, A. J. Dl}fe, rt'prescntcdOrcKon AJJ Commissioner for Oregoll At thcCentennial; while he l'elli~ll~S at prcsent l\tP'..a.st Portland. enjlJ)'ing well,eltrne,1 repos~,

hiB sons hav! large Ill)cks in Wasco coulltyAnd make a surc success as wool·growcl1l; thelast papcr is furlli8hcd hy a gentlemAn wh08~

practical knowle,lge of 8heep I\lItl wool CO\'eI'Sthe entire grollllli of lliscusllion,

SHEEP AND WOOL IN OREGON.

BlItory of Importing and Breed.in8 Sheep, andof Wool GrowlDg in Oregon, With

its Present Statu•.

B\' I10~. JOH~ MISTO.

'I'1te ftrst sheep brought to. Oregon, wl!redriven from Californil\ bV lUI AIllCl'icall namedLease, in 18:38, aud there is SOIliO rel\8On tobelie"e 'ttJat he made a scconl1 drive ill 1i42,They were tight ooJ.ed, dry fleeced, kempy,and inferior shccp. In 1844, _Mr. JoahuaShaw, and his son A, C. R. Shaw, hroughtthe first few across the plains from MisBOuri,In IM7 a Mr. Fieldl bronght a lot of good.heep a.cross the plaius. III 18'18, 'Mr. JosephWatt, of Amity, brought 330 head, _consider­ahly infuseJ with Saxony menuo blOOll, andamong them wcre :; tams 1\1111 '1 ewe!! thut werepure Saxony and ,six high gr:i.Jf> Spl\nish,merino ewes, In 18;)1 Hiram Smith Lrollvhtsome filII hloo,le,1 Spauish merinos, I never wasinformed l\S to thc Illlmher, In . I s.'H Dr,Tolmie, of tile Puget. Sound Agl"il.:ultUI'a.lCompany <Iron into tI,e Willaillctte ,'alley.some t,ilOO hca,I, ,hsccm!anb of Lease's Cali·fornia sheep that came in 1838, alllOl1g whichwere some pure, or Beady (ure. South ))O\\:I\S.Lcicestt,rs allli MerillOll, In ISMs ~lIl.rtill

Jesl:le brought in 20 hC:l.,l "f Macather Atll.tl'a,lian ~lel'illO$ th:\t were imported intoSan ]'muc'illeo b,v J, H. \\'illituns. U.~_CoIUllll at Sidlley in 1857. In 1859 R,C. neel',"of Waldo hill~, ililporte,1 Southtlowils of thefamOlls .Jonas Webl. hrcedillg, !IlISHO Koc!;:-­,,'ell & Jom.'s importell Jt'l'cllch I\n,1 Sl,anill!lMerinos from VcrulOlit. Latcr III -the sameyear Jewett k Lalle hrollght in somc p~tr(l

and some graded Frcnch lIIcliuos. '111 lSfilDOllald MeLefl{1 brought 1;:;0 thor"ll~hhi'ed

~panil!lh mcrillol'( from Verlllont across thcplains. In 1864 .fohn D. PaTterson nnportclland solll in Oregon, FI-cneh and ~panillh meri·nos, Mr. John COg"Nwel! inlflOl'tell NewOxfol'd­shires and Halllpsllires,lowlllI ahout 1861, nlHIahout the same datc Hun, Bell Stark'imported1\ siuglc Coti'l\\'nhl mm. Rim~c that Ilate tilelate Joseph llohna.n, Mr, Wilsoll of Ollin,Thomas Cross, Mr, Wilkins, ~, U, ReCfI, Atlflothers have irnpOl"te,1 CotswolllAalhl Lciccstcl'8from the Atlalltic ~irl(', and James Cameronaur) othe1l8 ha..\'c illl\>orted from Nflw ?..e3IAml"nd Australia., Uf Il.ter date there have bt'en,mportations anti. 8;\lcs of merinos lIy .Jewettand Munson, Peter Saxe &. SOliS, Hevel'ance& Pet? ami Mrs. Rlacow. Nearly a'l thesheE'p 1mported to Oregon of'late were Span·ish or Americ31l imported mCl'inolJ. execptthollesent hcre by Mrs. Hlacow, which Wei'llof tl.,e largegt all.} higheMt keptstyle of "'renchU1ermre.

The resident ),reCllcrs of llleritlO sheep inOl'egon At jlrlJlWllt Rre, ThompAon &: Son8t.1ld.Dr, Un. dwin, of "'''MCO '-'{}llllty, who iUl­~ortcu theil' OWll sheep: A, J. Dufur. andNons of Dufur, same couuty, who have stockof my bree,1ilr~, Aud tho!<(l from thc firm ofMilIM &. J,uelliug, of J. D. Pattel·soll'S 1I11rorta­tion crossed with ramll importeel loy H, fI:\rn·mOI1~I, of VermOllt. In thtl samc county areLeWIS brothel'!!, who have AUlltralian and}t~rench Itle"iuos, J nlll informed, ln Umatill"country are Ross &. HllthcrlAud atPilot Rock, whose -f1l}ck iH croAsell' withSeverance & I'Cflt's stock of Spanish meril1011,were importerl by l'ut Smith, of W"I1~ Wallaa sort of free rover in the F1heep liue, NearWalla Walla. ie locatcII "By,' GClir, a liveOregollian though he livcH acrOl:lll the line.Ris stock is from the flock of the latc 1', G.~a.ylor, (Jewett &. Pat~t8on's importation)~d from my oeiKhbor T. L, Oavidt;COU.'s sto<:k.

===,'="""==='~C=='=-_ISt-·OM ......

By 13,560 ltNI of wool at2'! cts ~ tb..$~,9S.' 20By I,(MJ() lambs at $'1 eAch.........• 2, 1~,OO.By 100 IMtlecteJ. buck lamuI, ..... _. 7;>0.00

Total , , .$<i,8fla.~JQ

Deduct expellee account : . . . . . . . 8lJ9.37

And we rnrve _.. S~,D;J3.82From tilia Illm- we will take $H!) rOl' the 10::18

of 13 ,beep "l\!ue,l at $;i tll\Cll, and $10 forlulphur and $7 for tar f~ll the Lawl, nnd weba\'e $4,871.82 a8 the earllill~ of 1,500 Ihel'pwhich would .ell r6ILdily for $3 I·er head, or",500.

Thll mar aeOn! te BOme of yOUf t'U:ulers asan extra yteld for the lltllllbel' of ,heep, hut...me. results may b6 pl"Odll(:~1 hy allY gtlOtlSock lila-tel' with a moderate size:! Land allclgood care..and ke~pil1". I will nut trouhle yOlll'

readerl much further with figures, but willc10e0·by aayiug th'l.t I tintl the llet enruing 01"our wether band fot, the last year to hu$l,836. Tbe fl"ck WI\I 1.500 ill IluRlhCI', andwwe purchased in tbe fl\lI or '79 for *:!.200.

•LOBO-WOOLS. OR lIIERINOS,

, ,

PUOYK

. . ..

. ,

,EXOTIC PLANTS ASD FLow£R~

HARDY 1l'I OCR CLHoIATI!.

.HORTICULTURAL. .

,,"'===========_=,=.=.===--,Vn,LA"ET1'E 1'~I~ME_RLY~ltl'~~)), OREGON,=,F~E~.B~II~U=A~R~~~'=.~'~1~58~1~,~=r;;~;=:='''c=.''==;'::'';:''=''=',,,,.':.:_="::.:':::~':::.="-;"?'~_~There is no Ilccessity to go over thc fads filltl 1\ 1',11111 of :<Iwc!, I.'" n('c(,~,.aI'Y fot' good. fAonnifl~. homes to the E~twaM, who assert that tlJey the hilltory of the country we hall a failure ofshow hn~\' illlpl'o"aLlc tho consumm ,tiull of Tlh~ a,lv:I\l\.',,?!v or i<lll'j>!' ill I~ 8Ulhll'lcr filollow'UI l'enlize donhtc thc' rettlfnS for IlUl.d grown to 8pl"illg wheat, and only for this we shouldh·... 'I' \" ,,\ . \1 1 1....\,,1111 n (lll,,~tiull, lUl1l ill thi:t COtllltl'V whel'e wheat that they -\IIsed to have in tho. 'Vi!· lIavu 8hown a yield of oVt,'r two hu,h.l. for

t IS u/p' ,CSIS Ill:l.)' Ie, HU te WI'Itt!:r l\ til· fnll "I(lw~:d ~t'aj,ll (;{tCli ''',.;I'ow;;' all wint'er, it· i8 I tt V II I" \ ' •cd to hl\." made pO:;lsi')I~ a ll>t\ch mOl'e fcn~Oll:\' lH"Cf'8t<lWy to h:we the ;UpcuhlllLdallt trowth f~~~e tl~at ap~~; ~'\IIII~;;~i(~:"::}~~Yh~~:e~th~I~: Oll~ r:used ill C~I!foru.i:\, 1~lw ~IOfJt 8anguine

i':~tl~1 :~~I.~;~tl1 ~~~sf~l~:,o:~PI~~~~I:los~~~,~ll:l~ :~I~~:~ ~~)\j.J;~~I~ll;~lril;;~lg·So;;I~~cr~i;;lill·t~I~~~~ ~:.::nll~U~~,' (~~li~~~.~l~':~f ~~:eb;r~Ufi~e~~~e::~ ':!~::~:ll:::r£~ye~,;~I~~~':~I~f~;~f~I",o"I'~I,880y":oiT~~r":lanc)s that are iudu,led ill go\'cl'nlllellt SIlI'- the uther,Jla.v ot I);l..'l'uring·,., fiuld witb..·jlO....'8 I ... "vey! I1p to the p('sent time can !Je' ml\il€i 0 l 1II1t1'Y Clr<.:1Uu8ta.llces. though gooll eeasons .it. So that when their hfln'ests aTe '''per.

'1 til i 0.: t .. , I 'II 'Il (uHlothel'Htoc.klllltil ~Ia~,alltl ihp.n.~l'\killg Cl~llllut.he~o,uliforllllydellolldetlon, A pro- am.:wla.nt, a.s they cortainly are this" year,ayal '\'2°. fol' "'. h"it W'Ol ~1\t.11 n,. 11;0 ~IC l reV! . ' nn e:tlqw\"dill1tI'y hal'\:t'8t-~ but 1i~llt-.footed t ..~:t~d hilt svel1 cut IIOWII their yield. in the th", ,,,n oon~itlCl"ably sllOrt of the .avlolrag.'~i:,~~i;l~ ~\~~ ~;:~I~l ~f \~~~l ~'I~~ tO~'Obtf>~1 la~~l:i 811

1'?,'P al~J'lII\"CI' tl~H hll:'At. 111111 they em'lch 3011 the Vlt:lll1ty.of \\ alia, \Valin, alid ill many parts yield in Oregon in the worst f1eason enr

\" I' I ,. \1 \ 1'1' I 'h wile Wit I. theu' 1 1·0l'piu.'(s. Jti'olll whatwe of thl\~ widc C'QUllt,y, in 1880, hut e.., whet'e known. In lS7D Linn ':<IIlII\Y 'h.' a ·m,·ll,·o•.".as illig OU

Ito ve ',l~' l el 'f 118 IS, 10WIS ~~v h:n'C s:del It i~ c\·j,h lit, that whc:t.t fal'ming they COI."lllaillcll of having ouly hAlf a crop • ,,-

•1~nll~l't;IUlt t Ie ~ll,l<:a lOll 0 occun l'nllSpnl'.....· llIU!lt be studied fWIll tilt. f<t..uul point of the tlley clallned an avcrage of twcllty bnllllels.to lmshels-o"cr half hcl' h....vesl;-·hy Ml,S1;•. andlull IS t,r \Jill' nl !I\"E'. .., ',1\\1.,,,,1,'.\. 1",'",I,',c ,""'\ <,0,'1... '1'1,.,. d,'II'er 'I I' I 'I I I" yet averag~d with C...Uforllia; Mati.on c.Qunt,.

l. .. ,. , .'~ " " Ie aCl'e, all( III a\'omu e oca Itlt~S, or where l08t olle tlurd of her wheat harve.t _n.d Yr'..w,n:.l.1· ('t'1.1·'11t~: I~ TtfRWILLAMIITTE. 'greatly thl'Oll.l.dl illl the rt~gioll West of the well put in early in tho Fall, they realizell avcn.g,·d 17 bU8hels; Lane 108t o.ver one-thiht,

'Whilc whout e.uH;nre is 'milch tilt! same in CtU;ca~lcs. l\lllj tile. lllilltl of the fal'IlIC~ must frOIll 30 to (0 uU8hols. We think it 8&fe to of Iler wheat harvest; and yet. &\'er~~~r.,Ut.-11 .. t1' f f" t I master u..ll tile CIl'l'lllll><\;I!lCeS before he call cllllcetlethat tho best fatlllins: lam18 of Palouse, bushels; Polk aVflral!CJ 16 hltlllJCls amlBeolon ..N. te'gIQ,IlS. ICI.'O are qtlO!! lOllS 0 e ma e I\lH lI\1ccC.'~f"I1.,.' 1':'otlllCl' tILl' "c"t: mSlllt., thot\f.h \'0:.11 W II 0 U \'11 11'1 he n •

I I lTh \ I I I IL a- .. r ,ilia I. A, '" ealu y aVEr;'l~e t 8O:'IIe, though heavy losars by r;ust, whi••SOl. t lat a c I e,'el'yw lertl. II our weswrn th.) (':'tplwi~'llel! I,f th(l,~(' Ill'fol'e him ill' that o· ~-IO Llltl:lhol:! with only fNif cultivation, and we W&8lungton anll Yamhill went 19 'b\t&hela­"nlleys ~\'e havc t.he· 8JUJ.le cli mate, and the.' cality will n.1ll<\\"Cl' :1 II (jlH·liW,/IiS. No IIlan need are l\88ure(l. by what. we bu1ieve competent au.' all thc6e ill tllis valley where rust \\)U .:: 4Q:'&0118 gch JLally havc thtl samt> eti'yey charaeter. h~'f1it~~te to 1(1~,:~t .. in IUIY ..... hcat l1\'Ollllcillg reo thority. that 50 hllahels is not uncommon, and b·oyer. F..aa.tt'.m Or~goll hrought up th~ A.v.e.-r.·.'tl' ., , '\ " ' . , d I t' gl'~11 If hc UQ!JC\',':4 Ip~, <.:Il!l do what. othcrs Ila-ve thtt 75 can be swom to, aif.e ... follow8: UllIon county, 2fi b".·I,ela",.IS CfI wKI Illa ~~ nclU 8Uperlor an, AI lng, 10' h . " f ., )' at d 0, _ IItt I I Writ t-t V 11 til' fi d' I II. e varle les 0 WuM cu tlV e £oaI5t 0 matilla C,O,llllty, 30 hu~hels; Baker ~uniY,26"H.t :l.:C tie , aUle ell., ey a.J we n . CULTIVATlU~ .:-;1,' SIlIl,S 1'~A!:lT or TIIK MOUS' the MOUIlt.'\ill$ arf~ not "0 numerous &8 in bUJ'lhels. lhe al.:reagtlIII I,UI' State for 1880til 11 her In lids I\' it.1l C:'tCC8.i of vcgeta ble mould, ITA I ,,:-;. Weitel'lI .ol'egon. Thcre ia: no diac',llty in se- was prohl\Lly aLOl:at the 8tl.me aa for 1879,' and"tho lht pr:t"'i~ I",:\t)h~s t.h~t, latlk tll'll.illuge, E' f 'I I' 'I '11 k II I sll~ing the b;e-t of $etl(1 wheat, or in obtaining the aug"g".to yielJ mU.it be over 1'0,000',QOO',

. ~I .. A\S 0 Ie 11I011I1 a\l\~ Ie $DI l\C S ICC ay lb' I . 0wlt·h 1.~'·(:8 w: t"1'~' water hl\s titQod In Wllltel·. '. tie (,st III ol,nahon as to how and when it Imshel8, With an average rtf over 22 busbell'toallilidt wllat i.!l e "I .1 white land that reo that !:ltllfcllo that of the \Vcst, null II much should loe llown. Walla \Valla wheat oom· ·tbe acre, whicb has never becll exceeded l'nsp(,Hllls I' JUdy til clllti\':~tlon. and the, rest of lighter, "lI'he capacit.y for 11I'oll t1ctiOll SOCIHfI 'lIIauJs a gOOll price, at lcaat equal to best Cal· thil Sute, and we believe. never, .hal beensncll pmiries 1l1,..t!::c to be thrown IIp'I'1i bells stillllllat~d and tile hill~ and plaiu! that are Homin., and l)erhapll a little more, when in equalled in any State in the Union. It i.by rcpt'atell pIO\l'1ltgol ttl mll<ke,ummerfallow. tot' kl d 'tl 1" "I h b' k best OOlltlitioll, wbich was not the C<Ute laat chimed that ollr lan,ts, some of·them.. ining o.ull fall • lwil1g po::lllible, ,People who '. IC . e \\"1, I a p ow . soon aug.. ae, yeaI', but it is quoted 21 to 5 ~nta a cell~ .. "alley havo been cropped too long, ud,fann tlW.it! l:u"l. lIa\'c genet'• ..,. practiced ..... lth a han·c!:>t." It 1"'lllalll~ tv. ue !:lceulf thoy Uclow the beat Willo.lllotte Valley white that may be t~e ill lome cue~. but the ag.'.~ril1g .1'lowillljl; IUl,d .!o!owillg o~ Ifllrillg varjetiell. " P"llSC8S lastillg qnalities. lout it i!l kuo\\'n tlll"t wheat, gregte harvest of 1880 dOOl! not .bow much'What III call'JoI Ch,le CluL.'8 very roplll."r, tho 1I0il is deep allli yieltls with Mtonil'hiug Metholls of ctllt.i vl\til)ll. differ mntelil\lly in dama.ge llone. The . fairest war to demon.all~ a.s w~ are apt t_o !.a.ve rams all die sprmg . I' . r '" .'" I I' the JitTer mt lleemonll. Here we find every swte the vallie of any county IS by hone.tIt IS Ilo\hm~ ulln.illal to hfl;'lI' in the mouth of plOl Ig.L Ity. '\.hC1t\el a..I.\ule am II found, known harvesters at w~rk; ReapeTII, Headent, comparison, ".nd &8 the world baa. to b_,May timt theae h~llJ. hl'\''d not. yet been o,'el' all tllat '\'IOI~ a\"ca, It Rl~elllS t.o posses.s Self.uindera, t'ach arc busy from the midrlle of much conocollng the wonderful fertility of6?W!1: ,Such !~nd~ ILl'e t'ountl on French' thi!l ~)lIi\Jk, vl\'ifyille; I,rillc;plc, tl.lhl uuder fl\\I' July, wlJeu bal'veet bfJgin., to the fil'lIt of Oe- QJifotl1il\, we wil accept a challenge" at any'1 rnl~l~ II~ MariO II ~'Ollllty .a~tl to a 1.9rge ex·l omble cirCIIllllltanCC!l vit'IJil well. So far'Ad tober. and often to thtl ..ddle of that month, time to coml/Iore wiih her »roducts; and' give:tent III J~1Il1l and L'llll! cOllntle:t, but Ilot to a' , . . . .. }.IOOauso tho 8lI.IIle fa.rlner will have FI\II gra.in her at least 15 per cent in lho game; tbat.too,.great HtClit dsew.heh': 'l'hl.'U we htwe A great Wtl are aw~n.·, then: I~ .lItU,· d!llo"cnce III !loll rlilenin\( ill July, Wiuter'8l:lwn fields that when ",e. kn~l\" well th~t all a- .freq~nt _Bet,'deal of hi:;h /lr l'O!lil1g prnirie lall~t that can be: through tli? COU,ltl.,S III 1\11. h;ld~llI 0le6011 cORle ill thrOlIKh Auguat, autl his Spring poor fanmng IS done in Oregon. . "eummer-f:lllo~'ell and fall,~wll, which pro·. a~ld WlU'hl11~tllll. tlt.-t I,olll~!' 011 the 0'IUIII' wheat comeft along wilen it gilts ready. Thta We unhesitatingly &aSert tha~ any. g~ducie. with Iilll~h ~rcater certainty. 'file bill lIla.. New lan,t III olt'-:II lorokl:1I ,\Ill III the our hal"~IJ'illtf m'\(;hine.ry bM alOli/il run of it, farmer woo will 8ummel.fallow cv.ery thfrdregions of tJI".' v'lllE'y otl'l'r the 1U08t CRl"tai.n re'l Spl'mg au.d so.....n III tlie f'f\rly J'al. l,ro,~uc':!8 Many of ot.. r Idrt.:e fan..... rllll their header year ~d work to fair al,l\'au~ge and .W~trl~.turus, wi'th lI:ttllrnllh'ai 'I\h~ 80 .hat they can. well.. Ralllsi}u't' no;. ttO.I'CI·t,\H\ tl.lCle ~1t1,e .. W~OI\" diJect to the tl..-her, but in thil good Judgment CAn average 2:j huehe18 pe:r..be plo'\'ed at any timo MIl s'}wecf wilen the: ~lIrly til the ':dl (II ,."n.! III t1.IC sl'rlng, 110 the IJIOll'lt climate there are apt to be part of days, a.cre inOregon and by dt-8el'villg it by lhoiolyeh.ground 'ill iii gO(lli order. The. W &1.<10 Hilla of : e'~!lon for S0"' Illg gr.llill 18 hot 8': prl.tractAMI.as aod sometime8 entire da}'s, wben the eea c<Jltivation can ohen realize 30 blul~el•. pOt:Marion cl..:Ilnty I'«'emhlo the <lark Boil of the I'~ ost bf thc mOllht:Ullf. .I.:l.n,ll~ 1Il~':h CA'Jlcr d8JnlJ8 giva fOg8 or heavy dews 1IO tl,atheaden acre.beet lll'drie 1:1I11111, wuile the rell hills s"uth of i worked thelt~, :m.l all thf" euullt.I'Y II bare of. Clilonot rUll I'll the Ila" 'A'hile in E.ut&nsalimi, iii 'th;l »l.me C'IUllty, !la"e a lloihtrong- : alllarg~ rowth to. a great 1:I(lellt. th~ MW ri'gioM tile clear, dry clim.ate in,ufOs thatIy iml)raM..'t~al w.ith \l·o.ll. ,",'hieh is indecd rerl, i comer ~II ute~e! .101!! team hom t~e wagou, heallitlg c..u be Oll.ITicdon all day and I\Unight,bllt'r.l'I"l:\l~Lin,:.! 'i'II:llitius ill the prod'1ctitln of I when hl~ lOClillOnl>:l.lllll.te, only t\) Intch tL.em if ..o 1I1illd<:.1'. Here tl,e various 'harvesterswheat canllot liC e,<e-,llcll. Much of the WiI-1 ~. the plow, I\ltd. I.e plows .a!,l~ sowe wllt'At C'lt the ~lain k.lltl it i8 hatl1etl and stacked un.l&llle,~'te Valle:', ellp":':i,,liy the hills nll:ioll, is i WltllQUt 1000t or•. IlIlldr:,lll~e. 1111s. of coune" tit tI,e tune f')1 thrCMhhlg ifl convenient, unleasunqerla-id wib(lt:ep dellu,ita of mall, .wbich mlls~ not be tat>,("11 y,o hterally, but con.·c.ys it i.. h...ltdeil, when no time is 1000t in threflh.furhishes 1\ suUichmt1y l)OfOliS' bcdl"ock, and ; ~I.e Idea, . F('nc~ng I~ " ll,wti:cr. that cOI~lea for inK i\. but Ea.Jt 01 the MountAllls where nouulica.teii i;(l:~t. a.luelL1I8 of I·e(l.upcration i. at after COn>:lI'!(JIatwn, alltl 18 the mo~t difficult Ilews Of damp" l\re fouDrt. hetlol:led ga:a.in is cuthaud if t110 \i.,il he :Olll!.'!'! illll)()Vl.'I'i.'thed. .1 l!ro1Jle~n he ha., to ~ol Yo. . If you tra~l fllr all.d ",tacked II} ,immellie ricks, Dot even being

'Ve ha'''~ u8'!el'tl·\1 th.t much poor fanninG: you ,w1l1 find bllt ecollomtcn.l U8~ 0" tim~er, l ut up ill Ute, pointed and carefully built KANYcould be :!cell I.e e, I\lltl have often bet-n° diM. ' t'lat has to he brought frl)m the mountains, ..taclu,' thaI; neetl to be prACtically waterproofgufJtcd at, the sight of fielt1s chQked witb s~r.1 u~ually, t.(:11 to tW\!Il9}' ml.I,.• awal' Often in our clit.lla.te whele rairu in Sel,temherrei or Pf'l'l.licio,U8 \Ve9tJ.8. Jlitllda nrc.too of~' dl.tcht:f1 ale Cllt al."lstJlI~ 11I1~d ..to >0 cappe~ sOIf.etirnA Ot.usu trouble aud lou, So while The following ~S8ny h~ Leen carefully andruD fot'a lifetime. 'whereas the best re4hlta WIt-II ~tfLe amltnlls.' alld OCCMlOn&lly p·"ts tere .!I harv~ting machinery that is known . I d f b Hcome froUl c.-netlll, W.rk. In some localitie!tit art: Hd fl.1I\1 a !ew 111.118 IIA~d oll,.aulI w6:no- COtllpA~ for lise, there the ollly methOlI ueed conec~entlOu8 y prepafs or' us y . enr,.is fobnd t'l 'work ",yell to t,low in' fall or win- : t1ced an occn;Slouall\ttolllpt I\t a hed~e., rile b the ho.der, whkh they lI4r harveflta at'.. Miiler, Esq., the -.veil known doriat 01 Port­ter and r"('plow :t.l1d !o"'" in the Ipring, ·The ,,:-ea.t nttr~tl(:n for tl~e lIew comer helllh t~e l!Itwilog ef :; to 7 eent8 a tlulhe compared with land, President of th State'Hor icultu.ra18d-:most 8Il,t.ffn.cloly method aeems to be to sum. hct that ttie count..y I,.!l till tlpt~tl, t1lo11gh ofWn a I'tlf\-p~r or ~f·binder. Where tranaport:.l.· ciet" Wh.08e long experieuce in t;Le .n~*im,..I.llo,·,· DV"'.' th,'r,\ year. I' may no' he ther'e are I!Iteq1 rlUl l:lIJe.., l,nt w'lele a plow ti n cbarlree nut down 'I,e,'n"ome .0 ~'Iy

.• I I I II L·... " .. 0'-' and orehard ""u:.Jitiee him to do the 'lmbl''''''a rule wit:I"lI~ tlXcl:)ltiolla; but we consider it can.go lUlu a lUll er Ii<l.n 0. ow to save tue they.y It il n~l.f!hfory to. practice everyecoa- ~nearly cethln that wheAt well VUt· in in Oet;o- . gralU, wh~t licltl:! are growlllg and h~v.ste omy p'luille in prodllctlOu, aud so the header jll,tice; No mall can be'tnore hnpartiAt.·.ndher is .'ot·th five btlghelf1 an ncre more' at har· m,.w:te: It IS trul~ wlIlI:lel'ful how I,Tohfic the is e\'erywt,ere poJ'ular. we usure all readel't!l thn.t ai' his statementsvest than if put ill after that. Yet we ha," e011 IS and .h.o\\! It re.;po.uds. to tbe elforte of In travelina over JOO .miles amO'lg W.llll. are n~t' only reasonable, but gi\'e tlJe wontactually .kuown ycnrs. whon the yield of ~an. .Even III th~ ol.le.>it l'eglOli1l we ~w few Wal1a whe",t fieldll we notlcell but on~spriQg,so\\";J gra;n excced'fild 'that of fall.sown. i ~eecl8 .n~ thc gn wll1g whcat. More ihfficulty fiel,1 that had boun<l bundlee. which aid" of our horticultur,This must lla"I~ ~ ccn ))CC:l.I18e, not beinJ( ptt t in 1S ftlltlcll'H:tcll frolll 111:UI.1th than sl.II:CI'd",?Ulld, iud nced ue to inveetiKRte the methods of har- In time¥ put we used to make the a8~rtiOD,properly-v:' sllffidCl\tly Ifl'lI.iuell, the fl\Il ....·he..~t al~~e of I'alll f'lll. ~\\ III Ie the.tall'le~ of the vestiug in ma.t popular use. The self-binder, with great confidence, that there "'1;' pcrhape.Was drO'l\-'lkll out 01' ..... inter killed. Draining "Ilhunettf' call l.:'~ Rowell nntl late 111 May, lIlel.1 hale Are confIdant tha.t they will DI'Lke QO country in t.he world that .was betterlands fo\' t ..omng,'l :\'111 hIlCN!1JsfuJ Cllltivatiflu tile ~al\tern ,fMlIler takes, 110 Ch1\'~ce9 he can their lIIachiuCll more acceptable in the future,~as not}'lt tt'ouhled the 11l111fb of our fanners' }l0.'8~hly :w,o,HI. h'lt geh hls.crops ltl 1·Il....yas hut we have given tile fl\Cte al we learned adapted for fruit raising thrt..11 ""estern Ore·to Rny great exteut. Thel'c ale some gl'avclly po~sltJle. ~ he \... i~ca7 1,l:llltlOg Ih'Nt 'n c1fl~(lit tbem on the ground, gon &lid WMliington, !Jut fJf latc we lH~ve I'\otlaud8, thQugh 1I0t exwu~i\"e amI not ...cneraHy . very el\r1y III the Sp"'l1.'( nnd should c1C»l'! With 'tu til ill eR81\Y, if we have placed before the been quite 110 bo&8tf1il. for Il.8 formerty weadapted to whcat. When you reach ttc motu!- I February. Drollth 1[("cl.1 II0t be (l1ared whe,ll world the important facta relative to wheat bev~r knew an encmy to fruit. we bu:e toetain foot.hills there is less clay in the soil,! wlleatgctJl agooll etart III the fall. ,Thor~l~ proouttion in the Columbian region. eh\lwll , .' .which'pal'takCli mflre of lo.'\lI1. \)ut the clay much uptulli there, ~uu\ as the soaklllg rail.'!! the dillcrellt results of f10il and climate and contend the last three or four yean \\ath.t.beIltnds of thll Willamette Valley ate the ne are ~acldllg t!H!I'C I." 110 exuu8C f~r ~Ielay In .-pl:\incli onr proep41ctive relatioll8 to the b.uk louse, and now with tfJe ap'pletreelou...plu.s ultra for wiwat. clllt·i\·ation, IplowlllPill;fter ~all rams 1,Iacc the sOtllll prop· Wbrld' "'hen future t.ransportation .pro.bl.ms, o..phis. 'fhe bark, lo.us., .~ tis cotl~ lAd

'. . er COIHhtlO1l I \1 b I' I I I J 11S Ill. . e so veu, ~'e lave I\ccomp IS II' a haa rhO!tly disappc;U'cd' al.plica.tions of. hmeSOMMt:lt FALLOWING WITJI RRRRP. M&TJlOD8 PRACTlCEII A"O RF.!'Ul.TR EA8TOFTJlE we IIltendod or dCSllell. 1.'·.-'.

W~ have !\hoWIl the diftert-nt 's~i1s of West· I ~luU~TAI:-:S. . .. 1.3__ _._l.. _ • and salt 10 lolntioll, applied \\',ltli t\ brush.em Ori\gon allli the method3 of whent en I- With th,' Progl'l'lli! of mill"tlal18, the increase WHEAT PBODOOTlQN .J" CALJFO&N'lA AND herpmg it nlollg. The II.phi!J wns veI'!f 00-tUl'e followed hel"~' and how wheat is being of wheat cultme will UP- NII,unous through all OR£OON. . .. itnJetive in the tilllbercd p:.'rte of tll~ ~w'i1I-sowed on differcut 10eatiollH frulll.September tho rt'gioliStlAlllpll',l to it, allll they al'e exten' We h:\Ve hefore"" tJltl cenS\lS figures ,that, alUette valley ~l~d Waslt,illgt"~l Te~~t~ry, b.~Ilntil JUlie. Tho.roll:!h cultivation is heeded, .ive ellollCl.h to kl'l~P' gllrlcl ~Iice of the world'!! I ,h '1 , 1" 0 f 157" Inot on the prame!. Thl! Wmterll Sea8OU r ·lt" '" SlOW e w lea prOl ltC 0 regon or _,' . , ..' .but e...ell tha.t eall he o\"f~rJollc. Home y~'llrs )>optll:!tioll frolll sw.I·\'f1tioll. Thc enternl"ises I . I I' C 1110 .. I h' h . . IS hoped. Will have tteRti'oyed till! pest. The. r a so a eal1ll8 a tum JOllrlla w Ie glvas' - '. h h" .ago quite all nrglllnl~\It I ccltt're,1 ill our col- of the O. R. k N. Co. fllill thc N. P, R. 'R Co. 'the SUUUlla.ty of wheat production in that' lally bug, a gre3~ enemy to t e a,p Ill, "p.ulllns anlflug fanllel'll as to the bcst mcthod of . . . • -, . d 'I I 'I II d d .~ d

d I "',11 Ion"g .11 \1,,' CI'P" CU\""'UI& "'o"nlry 's" I Ih ' , ' b 'I 'peare 011 It' set'ne :\II a .u esw"'y~e,.mm·' f,·llu"·'·'.g, ." we ,,.,·u 10.' ,1,.\ ,', ". . " "ae or e sallie year as rc urnetl y " .

" ., "" '... S•• \ A di to.h ' , ' grC&t numbers. But-· ,,'itb all these d,:aw.was de..:illeelly I)I'O\"lU loy n frienll livillg near wlt.hlll r(':Ich of nlarket and I?ollr popula. __ e ~f'880~, ccor llg cae re urns· ,.... _ .Beti.,e.l, l'ulk.. '.O~l.lJty, t1,'",t more thai) olle tlon ill to fill these \'f'giolls lip and cultivate 'I '_'1 • • ..\' C 1'1 . , Iback$, 0111' m:Ll·ket;& wet'e ..bonl1a-ntlywpptisd

I 11 I , . Ie IN..... average 0 'A'11mlo III a I ornla Ill,.. . .' . ..~

P ~wlllg '~:\8 lllJIU·IOU!. ~e SIU~)e I\C "-as thelll. 0111' stlhic,:t lieM 'lm,re with the tneth· .J8",9 was 2,613,683'ac-s "'ld. the total product "':lth frlllt a\usllal ,.prlC~, Applee..QlU peIIfIS, •rn30de pl:un to 1l1S:\ short tUlle illI)Ce by Hon. ., , .. .., - . k t b "I" h .ridJ. H: Smith, State Selll\tor fl'Om Linl) olls of. wllcat.cultlll·p allli the slle,..;es9 Att,'\I~~d WIl.8 ~,944,983 bushels, or exactly clevrll and ..aloe sent to ma.r e In • o.Xe8 4-JX" ... .111(: ~'-:feou,o'.y, who liveR Ilear }-[;;,rri8Imr~. One I'ear th:\n wit,.h, mcu'll .'!"."':1.1lntioll concerning the. .1 I. bel F '.1 th I 12 in depth; dried frUIt In paper.paok.agee.88 utlS S pu acre.. Of" Ie same yenr e . .he tClCd to rid ..\ picee of laml 0 wce11flll.ntl fllture. ] he 1/(tlI:'ltl:lIl1tlt:S. 110 not ueell to eome aren. in Oregoll, in when.t, WaR 4.1-1,06.', n.ere!, ' two POIlIIlI9 efoCh, ..put.it.in most thfll'Ol\"h cultivation, RO he gl\\-C Ilcfoi'c IIR at the prC@l'llt tllile. E Y HIs\TORV TUE FIfJ.."T NUft.<t.ltRyit.a s~illlmer fallllw.o with ItS 1Il1UlY plowillgS III the l'egions W(:Rt of thci mOllllt.f\itls there the total product retuMletl Ly the U, S. cen. ARL -.,.,....and harrowing81\'1 wcre uet:e gary to kill the i~ Cflllsillel'l\hle fern 11\'111; that i!J geuern.lIy the -Sl\., was 7,3M,OP bushels, alill .. connmrative, Mf»tt of the. old orehards·m Oregon-~wccds ami put the lalill III r~J"~ect garllcn hellt or soil, hilt is hurl1 to Slthlltle so that It stn.tementshow. th8:t while Orogon hall.Lnt Washington Tel'l'itory origillllt~d -from, a mit'·tilth. Acro"8 the "'fie from t, is fiel,1 a neil!h· wilt ]lI'Oflue<: "flOlI CI'0I)8 of wheat, but EMt of . b h 'h I' '1 0 '7 by He one dix'h a.s much acrealte, we hn.11 one-fourth 8C1'y rong t tLCl(l88 e p lLIDR III Q"I' • '.'b<tr also hnrl n. StlllllnCI' fallow, A hEluv.\' f1iccc the nlouutaills the wholc cOllntry is door of 0

of cln.yey Roil waR th"own up in g"eat dOriA tllat" (If of any OtllCl' wec(1 o~ plant that ob· tlB milch wheat prodl\cell from it. To put it Luelling in an ox wagon, the ,trees growmg.Juthat baked in the Sllll, allli all the S"\I\'lltioll At·mcbl cllltivnt.ioll to n.ny l;el"10llS exteut. It agAin in a mOl'e direct shape, while California boxes. He ctl.me from Iowa. and ml\rl,~ lueltilyfor the piece IScclTlcll to he the pl'e~encc of may I,e trnly lIaill that "nr a witle extent of had I I b bushels to the acre, we hMI 17--as au a good selection for thi8 coast. In 1850 besheep wilo kl~pt 'd(Jwn :1.11 gl'owtll. His n\\'Il open cOllllh'y Nl.lture tlll.8 ,'emlered fanning average of the t,,·o Stll.tcs. But another very t i k f . I . rtatiou I\ud 'hefield was Aowc.l to wheat cn.r y ill the f:tll, ill opemtlolls very RlJllplo atlll ea~y and hll.8 JOlle imporlant matter fllr cOllsilleration comE'S in W,"l1 lll.e or a ~r~er 1UI'PO. '.

the best mall lieI', while hifl ueigh ll(,!, I>cattel"l'.l In Ileb to illdllcc rupill ge' th'ment and culiiva- to further susto'1-;n, the superiurity of Oregon as mll.llo a large ad,htlOll to has nursery :au ..Use.ed ~.Oll~ the clods.' allll ralt.·lI a kl.lTflW (01\'1\1" tl(Jll. The eaRC with whi~h fal'lllil>g. i8 COl:'" a whent producing Sta.te, which is t~at ill brallchce of fruit, !Jut., in time; we~ame tothem'W'1thout hreaklllg lttClI1, I,ut wilell the 'lwnced o.lHI pro!l(\cutc,1 un(ler (lrJlIlary clr- 187? there w~ 'n alm<?st total destructIOn. of find out that but & few varieties were reallyb~vost came tile neighhor h:\(l two bushels to Cltlll>tt.'l.IlC~~ iA fuHy equalled by the ..exu~r- 8prm~ wheat III the Willo.mette Valley, willch al bl f k ts d th thanbiB one. TI.at scams to be th~. g611cral expe- allee of yield. We ha-ve seen QUUlY prac~~ cut Ihart the C\:~ from two a.nd a balf to ,.. ua e or our mar 0 ,&J1. e moreMIlO&. and now it i.1tD _.bliaMd Iltof.lt 'h",' (r.nnera...,lw bav.lef' W....QrecooIOfM" \bne~ ,1a. For'ihct ool1. tiaM ill l '00 vview of' .pplee deQlI.led to ,about"

WIU.A~mTTE ~ARMf;R, PORTLAND, IJIUWON, }'F.BRUARY 4. , ..\.

va:'=~':'••=,=;e=.=,='='=ld:=1Il nc'l~ i(',,:~1~~·~-.,-;-~.-ts':-=:C'~'~"~ic~"~;~.=:;=:n='~I~,e~g~"~e~.~, e~,~'=a~h~,~,:n="I~.~o:c~e=' =N§e=w~o~'~c1~'~'~'i~r.~.=r.~:·~I';e~ ..~to§..~.=.•=,=·oCi~te=:~:::~:·~I~:n:,=.:, l~i~n~tho~~F~a:;l::l=o=r=in=C' =-_-:-:.~':~ :.:::" _:. ':-"':':':" :-.:.' ='~.=====~.,. tl l "I II ~ f F b .J .", b w)lj~h. thtlj arc. IlPII'l'niSl"lt. SlI.ics Ilro bcin.'" made_Ul' to ::-1\11 Fmllcioic". 'COlLlII .....O Y 6C 011 Il It 0 I" onCA <lug lip or .10 e rllary, lUln ·an Ml el\ten y th:e 4th of 1 1 ( "I , '11 . tl I •.. , J I f I ".ca.".' y ttl 1"I(';11l19 -of Ilcl"l::!OIll'! locate.l ,'" 'he,'r'Of the ohl tl'<:0::8 t!lll:> iml)ortcd, Vel'.V few ~pp I:: rce WI STOW III 10 P JloCti ....... lere O'le u y, or soouel' I'om \'0 Illltccra, that ·ie fro'fft

I 'he .. r "h f I I I V.ICltJltY~lIri'Othen:I,lullltlteV31Ilcoftheirl~nd.are now nlivo, but thdr )lO"t.erity arc living 1M en growlltg or )'eanl, t$V 11 WI " res' 'potatooa c t I\llclug in the J.:roulI~1 ill the f...n~ I •'1 I 1'1 . .. \' 'CabL I IS l.'Ollstl\.nt y.rlcmollMtratctl by thl'ir 1Ie"lcn,eo'and thri\'ing all O\'cr our oountry. all,lllIH'''' 801 !\Ill nhLlIIU·I'I. 10 :l.VCl"8{;e pnce In oh- . age we havc ))' tile ht of July, in.been a AOltt-,,;eof lllllCh wealth allli comfort to land is flOc I)tll' IJlIshcl flux fnr allf'l~ ancl-;}6c fact CIlLJLage is ollllo:.t I)ereuiliai. I have in ancl cultlvatwll: The :wcragc prico Ilt which.1 f . I they are heM III s::! au a.crc, IUlll e3.l......the orchArd.iit ami farmul·. tc> ~ or pean : 1111~IC'lS are "lIno pI' cc a.. ' my garden one 'tnlk, tlncfl years old~ and yet

I II r I to , I . 10 I lnll.lle 01\ a 1113011 o( tell l'eady l>aymeUJ a.od in-pear.; plllllS Ill" 1'>1· rOlu e 'toe per pnUIlt ;; groWlIl}t, t at madc a~tiSllmlll{jr ,,"vcralamall

GEl'Il':R.\l. k~;)L"'RJt1'. prnllelJ. 3c kJ Gc ro'r. Jl"~I"o. ; cherries, 3c to hu:1s. U\1}bl1tre ,talk" IcCt ill the groulld terCflt chargeu at. the rate of i Illlr cellt per ao-.

A I tr d , , . I I .. Be I I' 1 II 1 Be rio Dllln, \Vhell C04.Mh ''''ylU\!lltS arc made a dis-pp e ftCS 0 no IVC I~S oug ICre a~ 18 I?er flOllllt : l rlCt, r.IU"lJ 50. M to toe umis I excell<mt ~ ..eella iu Spl'ing.t I ",h~' ' .., I. to II 1'· ~ 'i' 10 count of teu pt·l· cent if nJatle from the prin-

Kukr.1 Stales, kcaHsc they hOlll' earlier Alld per poun, ,; P 1111111, WI ('II" ,pl ..~, l:.C i c; . IIrlllp8 Kowecl III Oclo er lllA.ke fine bulll3 ' I

I I PnllleB, .'ith pite, ~b..nt U~ Sllmf!-, As '0 for .1•• '-\,1. ,I""'",, ]lcee"lb', od J ,r Clpa. s.heavier cro!'" c .lIti~llhJIUS y th'\l1 e .ewlu:re, . ..... ~ e a all 1;0 y.qualltlty or p"~r cent.A.gt} of etirTertmt fl·uits set Cabhl\Se~ 'are rai;s,;:,i if' eu;,rmous f1nalltities The foot-hill all11 mr'JlIntain bench II\Ods olferand havio,lt Lilt lilll~ lillie iu our lands. the nnt, at'plcs ~'L'dt:l.PlS i;i PCI" ceut., peal" 15. 011 be.wcr:dlLlIIlalJd~, rich, loamy deprulits in inclllcemclltM t.llntare very attrActive to many,trcea "t"eqtl~re vct',v hCnf}· 1ll"l111ilt,~. High, c1ry peache,s G, plulll!! 5, Cb~,rrloJil O. quincea: 2' pel' low platlt:8 ollce llanlllled up Ly bea\'el"lJ. When health, I~ a questiun th~y hava ellpt:ciallanda with a northern :\l<pcct are best adaptOtI cent of tha wholo. A, to soil, Rpples hke Goad heads sell fOl' ifJc per nozen,. niue, &l:I thcy IU6\lre pure Air _ld deheiou8,. I nh '1'1 ( I '\I . I ri..:h clay lOAm, auc[' dry ;' pel'l.rll cln ..·cll in Potatoea are rai,stJ{l more for quality than Vo'ater. 'fhe IIcallOlIlI :we Ilcarcely more severe

r erc 1& ' Ie: ou U 8 are: partlCll arly any det'!p loil, e\'t'n IOm~·wet i plains like bulk, as they "ppcl\r Oil c\·"ry t.t.ble twit,:... t1U\Il in thc llJaiu \'alley anel yet the clinllLte·adapt...·d foJr (ruit j::TUWiil;!", Lut all our lan,ls dry, light 80il t~e 11~t ; )>l·IUlC8 1Illlet have a day, A choice sort il'l luuch sought &Iter. i. so llilrerellt IJII lo inSlIl'c occaainnaI showersare more or Ie,:.!! a.l .\IIC.1 for orr:hn,nls. In ctry 8Oi.l. even, !~ hrht al~llIAlillr; p'~achcs,' Hllrhank'a ~etllillg !ltAuns at the hend for1~te throllgh the dl·:r ·"eMOIl, so that pastures areEMtern Oregon trccs I CI wdl ..twig ere<>ks lllld dry. hght ~II III full I·U" melterf'l.l from alld l~arly HolOo for cady. l'Oth uncxcclleJ. grecIlI,r through tho lllllUIlll.'r. 'Ve have pUr­.n bottom In.!\.lll. The LUllC:1 gl·a~9 114.1\1111:1' north aud 1l0rtW e:.... t v,-inds. New ·Iaud is GArllctChilc is 0:1 yet l"ai~etl in ~rcAter quan- IQual kuowk,lgo of thc f,)('~t-hill rcgion of theaet ~n te8tell )011.( C'IVl'.;;h t.J tcll whethe-r ~t for orch~l·ds. Holet ilectl lo I" only dug tity. fUI th· Hui'hl1l1k i" comparatively new, C.....sca,lc IIltllllltni'"" nil the waten of the San·froi' kefl, tlo 1\"(·11 there 01' 1I"t. Two·)·e~r deep all\1 ",'j,le euotlgh f.O lioM the 11)()t¥i trees pnoo 50c to 7ik pcI' bll>lhclletllil in Portland, tiam ri\'l:r, ill ~.Iarioll collnty. Five yean ago.ld 'red lor. l'll4.i"lr ~Il·t l\,"1 o.:ultivat.ctl for are planted IEj to 20 (et" al'fu·t, Thill crnll ill 1Il08t1y raise,1 in hill. like corn ",'e WCI'C SpCIHllllg a fcw wcck~ camping outfour.r five ye:\n1 1'/\ cfl~ly without ,~uy grl4.in I Of petl'R we rl,lisc Hl\rtlctt, Seckel. -Ell.Iter aUl11111·g-t!ly ill orehAI·,ls. '. on a trout Rtrentn l\I)O\'e Mehama, and wereBrown ia ihe orch.u'\l i 'pol,;ltll€lS l:u·e-gnlwlI for Beurre, \Vililer Nellis, M&ltcloillc. Full nut· . C"rrot.~ ar" grown VoJl·V extenllively for struck with the natural beauty of a smailabout \hreoJ :reant. lUl\IIO\lt thl"eu )'ljil.l"S after ter .. 'Vhite Doyelin··, u.mille '&lIno:l tie Jet- fectl, Le:ll.les f(1I" t:'l',lc. The Klrly Hum is D.nnccI.,pic,l \·all",y·lx,rtlorlllg thc Littlc Nort~pla.nlilli SOllie trc08 lwgiu tu hc;,r; .,ftel" fi'e rsr, and lIlAny othCM4. c· tlte.1U the H",·tlctt raiscil for fct:,J, a..i tbc~c turn I.Ut Illerlj thAn ~ork lu\d fOUll11 th.... t 011 thc hluff that D.djoin­rean' culti\"atio;1 dO\'!'r i,,; often !:lowe.!, Icit hemgl the Illoat 1001~t!y, 1~<'Al"" )·oun¥", often lolly otliCr, ;11111 IIro lIlueh rio.:her til All the Bel- ed it w:\s ~ large trnct of nc:a.dy level land.In for ihrtle 01· fr)llr "'l!.'l":l, aUII lhclJ the lallrl in the IlUt's~l'y : he"'rs 110;l\'Y 'LU,I 1'IIwa.}·8, and gian, Li\'ery lOl.Il:"led all.l \1niric8 U!lC grellt covered With rel'll tlLnt grcw like a thicketeulti.vaterl. ILgaill fol' two or (hrc(~ \"0.':1.1":;. Tho it in ever)' way N,l. I; qnl'llltltics of t. em, alHl pny &10 per ton. about Hve feel Ili;.:-h, t1cllotiug II. rich mountn.il;plowiu~ is alway::! cion!! ",;!l"}. sl;;J.llow. 'Due Of plums, "eacll, W.llilington; BrallshMv, l\1augoltl W.lll'tJ.e!S !(ThW to llll"ge ,i7.e, and the loil. thl toi!! hottom anti upland there 'lUI

crop of e1ovOI' is 'gl:ncrlLlly t.,:tkCll oil" uach i·ear. Ita.hau pruntl, I'Cltite tl'Agdll pl'tlllti, ~e" SUI-:;u·, He:d t,IO&.i well, but itil: lIu,lo(ar n,laking sc&ttedng ha"el hrlll'lil, :m() abundancc of tim·but would \10 Ill<:lre goo (if left Ill! tlte grountl. Golden Drop, Yel1o\V I~q:f:, Columui:\, Rei-lie, quahtlCs h,:l.\'e llllt l'tlCllllllid, te~t ,I. btir, IIcvcml hUlllh·ecll\C:l'l~!:I of the best o( thillWith. this trl~atlllcllt appl~ tr"C:l willllLSt 30 Clal;lde de Bavay, an~I.Jetl\!l":colI Me uX\..'ell'lIt. ,ASL)tU'U,jllll i~ IJc<;illlliug to uu brollght to laml enu hc c1earcd by ChilleRe labor at notyearll or 1U00'l;l, "p"lL ~ lLHiC~' lou,;;cr .... pp;..clltly. Of th.e the peach pluill he I'll tile heu\"icJ8t 1114,rkut, of Ol"o;,:on growth. to exceed $5 all acre, while tillite l\ farm canour State not I,~ill;:': 0 d enough yet to ace; and ear1ie1tt crops, allli is flue tor (hying. OuioIl9lre't:XI)'Jrtc,1 to California by bund. he m....dc from lauJ tI,tl.t 1J;,ol,S 110 hrul1h norplum», l,ikc apl'lu~, Ioe: \1' too llIu·:h lU1I1 cOllse· Cae" Gohlen Drop lldes hua\'yall~ lI\\Iet.:t. rClla of 8I1.Ckll, Iwice Ie to ac lJ~r poulld, stone. 'I:imlwr (firl,iA I ~t too ""},ltlld:Ult; IIpril1ge~!161tt1y bl·eak tiiO I.imhll Rl\\l.ofte,l iujlll'e or lte.i,,!e Clalltle ia uhri~I\I1e:~l for ~l1niug, I:e- In ~hOI't., all vl:g-dal,ICft ~cnc"ally grown in ahound Jll e\'eI'Y dll'cdllJIl, awl nil bettcr wa-ill \be tl"t!a. qltCrnellnrc \'P,I'WU~, thc KUI.t· qunlllg 1\0 SllgM'. ~tlte d A~.1ltl I' a fav"rlte gl\I'llena are. fUHlId ill thcn time at thc8tol'e. Wl" can II\! 10111t11; 1I.1,ont ,ollc,tltinl of the whole

isb and Vl1k8 cheniel ~ru\V we:1I Dlust allY' in Cll.liforni/\ (or dl'}"ing &8 a superior prune: 1l01llce lrrt'fllti,lI', wltm.e\'6r practicable, is 8ec~ioll i.. !1.10 l'e or lelUI· ~1"a~·, .. lly•.bnt can be..here i but the Hcnrt chen·il:g are more t·n"- Cherries-HoYl,1 Ann, ~Iay Duke, l\clllish, d e ~lilly gut Into gras~, 'an£lus kuala of peA

.. 01,10 II ,I U IA IN BI k U ' III k1' I .'1-, all UKe togl:eatll.d\"i~,,~(\;te,thoughnotoftt:llro. \·mesgrowunrIertheltcnv)··fern,louttl,e,·e,·.lX1CIOUS. c a tel: tt! noya nil 1\- ac Digarreou, uc artar all, r. ",,11,. 1Ii0l1;.t:d'to III \\'w.tel"ll UI.egon,poleon .Bignl'rell.") ..... ill IIOt glOW to any agu 01.' thl!lle bl)Rr ev(,;ry year, Ro)·n.1 Aun best. not a great (leal of uuti\'u gra~li. Stook (cattlepn.irie lalltll:l, hilt docs WCll 011 t\mhe:r lauds. Pen.ehes-E ..r1y Crl\..... lord is mOllitly culti. SIII:l'II1U:R\' A:'\IJ FLOWItlt.'J. atrd lliwep) ~·e kc:pt,oll the !It:ighboring range.and iii m ,re elttenlliv.:Iy gruwn thall allY other vated. Allow me, de.... ,· rellilcr. to aud a few wordl 8ummer aud wlllt.;r/ ..... ilh SCft,l'cc evcr allY at-kind, anelmore nloilt:y i", rh;llt~ olr . heS<l per· Quillce-The Apple or Orange growa ver), about 0111' nOlVel.ij, fC'I' .cllIum will the tout'ist te:ntioll, having plcJlt,v uf "1·o..... lIe. !some grass,ba~than aU other v:wicti,.!< to~etlter. Two large-. . and &t.bUlllll\ut flCa ville-s llu,1 Sllclt feel! in Slim­luge tre._·, of thill ,,;\rioJ: y urc ~vet b..: .~ring an. '. Gmpell-C.oncor,l. Jsn.l,ella. a'lll mOllt all find I\IOre iu~' ti llg A';lllleu!I ~et 'lIith beuutiful mcr, Thid n~gio" ill ... pt·..feet }I11t"&l.lise (or.\lAtty \'ery heavy croVJ: t'nlY are lIO'll' 37 nati\'o Americall ll()ru can he etuily cult·ivat· nnw rlf th~'1 a.hulItt!I.· rlt~ille:llcC8 of our Vo·cll· goa!lI11ud is a lllltm'&l raug:(\ fo\' cattle exceptyean old, and :a.re (ro:ll t!Ju fir",~ illlpm'tation ed, to-do familics ill I'ol'tlalltl ami 1111 the villa.ge:s that a poi!Joll lal'kspur boroers the branchea&ClC*l the plain. Cherries .... re raiJcJ i'l large IUU,LL l"aDIT1'. in the oo.rl)' llprilll;. The: 60il is rich, blackquantltiea, mIll;' hcing ,I;i~t or CIlllllCtt'. ;1ll,1 t,aWIlS thnJllghout. tho ooulltry. 'MallY loam. Pcrh .... r,s ollc·tldrd :If tl:ill land is tooPrune trees ha\o'e, b~n lIet Ollt ill Inr';e tlllln- Of ellrran!.l the CherI")' is tU'!l fav"nte, amI plallt.s he will .Ice grow in tho open ground hill)' til plow IUt can 1Ie mll.le to yidd abun-bers for the IMt eigh t or' en yell.l...... U1O$t1y bears large oropt nery year. aud tbe hu,h89 lut h'l JJ,<>eJ to St!U in grecnhDulIe~ at home, tillut gl·l\1i8., Say: olle-third brood ftmnillg landthe F.Uenherg or It:\li311 pru'.e,.no improve. lut many yean. anti only plalltell out. in SlIUtlllcr. Most all and t",:o,t111rtls g\,od f',r 1),,\,,1.\\1''', aud the lies·meniof th oM OoJI'Ull\U, pnlllO, Thi:s v~riety Gooeeberri.. ue now per:l"p' obly grown the half-hard}' shrut,hcry i .. hanh· hcre, auch criptioll h km f.I.\Ol"al,le tllIllI l11e actual fact,bean ...ell, but not too he.\'y UI,lP!>; the fruit llol:l lol~ure8tille, MlI.g..olia, (;I·andiftar-d., ACIIN.. The sitll:\tiOtI is rullll\utidy hf!autitul; swifti. lare. Anil tlriUlI !tCll">· ami well. The PiulIl- 011 an Oregon teedhng eallail Chalnpion, a Enghllh Laurel A!lfl many .,t, en E\·erjr{recns nIouutolin streams forming 1\'ol'th alld SouthMer dryer is Illv!ltly Ull\..-d Ilt;:-e. Tilroc or f')ur wg. fruit, enonno~ bearer, and nearly (ree pll~y a col1lpieuOlls lI"lft ill our rlautillg. &8 boUllcb.,·ics, w:th clCI·r 011 tl.e bill!! and troutAlden f~tories wcnt ~l3.rt ,I, !Jilt Ilcing \'ery (rom miMe.... ih636 do ~o~.exo.:opt.iol.lally ~ell, tillS being au in the "ll"C'aIllOt, I It tilt! bottom i,~ to be IounffupellIi,.. to put up aud to I·UII, I(,l'~ lIOlo 110,," Of Rupcen-i_, the Red an,l Wbite Aut, evergreen eoUlltl'y III Illoru tlHlll olle lense. collsi,l rallie 1:11111 that will nlll.J"l the moatmuch ..eJ. Our -floridA ''loud nUrlif!rylllen keep a ~ pr' (Iuct.i\'c timothy mUllow. Al,-.o there

The plulll alld Jll'lltle lrccs &0 fAI· ha\'e no wl;U'p ami F'rallcouia lire the l)fut, ami al""ayl lltock of .he 008t al\,1 ncweflt to se:lectfrOll1, aDd on t·llc blu{fill cxcellent wheat land.· The_ami.. ; cllrclllio lind III:lt,k Ill'lt arc oot Illre. Our uati \'e Oreeoa lll;&.ekCAp ia Also Ia.rgo Oil r Iotr -eli aN linell with Ihl\tie trrees of part'lella ar~ I'liJlific'; thi" whole region is thebown. Th. ca.uker w('rm i. uot here:; por· au\l very fine. ma,uy v.ll·ietia~. allfl mallY out of town resi. bed l)()Mil,le for small fruits l\Dd for apples,ba~ ... ban too many Bock. of cutl~r birll,. Blackherrie,-Lawto~1 Civea large' ...eet t1ellt,.'ft are eeautiflll with choice ahl'uhhorv ref'- s, plu1lls, lmUll.'ll ~nll ch rriea. A goodQum~ blake .healthy, fino tn-e.." aulI gi_c a.nd pl~llt.oJ, ami thull y;e aIM to t; e IIscful an~l I'lul fence let .IIY ("outmct, COlla nle a tri8erqular &bd elun ct"OlH o! good fruit. berries aud a fuJI crop ,,"ery yt.·a~. An ever· Ile-lieiOlU fruita the pl('atlUr68 o( the a'lwer o\-el' $100 1\ milc. 'fe,uns and dl'i"ers cali be

P-eb.....e expect to ooarabout c\'e y third green blaekbtlny it gt'o""n th,.\, 1Ju1'1 fine ear,len., HlioSKY MILUR. bil'ed lit $:!,fIO a lin)' to plow, and labor is rea-y-.r ia till, "a11c.v; they cltJ:"1 lealily III the (rurt in the fall. Tile Kittfltinn1 il a1&o sne. IJ<rtl:uul, Jan. 13, 1881. SO:'lahlc iu Iwice. Witlllll A mile, is a viU.~~f, &Dbd d."e

bbuds .l\r& somctimt!ll killed Ly ce8&fully .lltiTa"kJ. 1.•.=. _,_ .1$. • wltll ftllO~1S, ",tores a. rl hotel. A S:lW mill IS..ee". ut 0 ettar Ea.~t of the Mountai1l8. _. s." 5 - 1I0t far otr aud lunrlJer ill w"rth is a thousand

Gnpl!lll .t Amel'ico+.ll ori"ill nc:\rly atl du Strawberries-Wilton's Al~'l.llY does :t1It~ lE:AU.ROA~ L.lN,D8 IN WEaTE&N OREGON. foct. A school hOlllin ill ill l"ight Aud a Sundayw..u Weal. of the Cucade3. imt toreh!.'" grapetJ Lest, Alltl RI. gr.,wll in wetl qu,.,utiti ...-s ",nIl [ llChool ill kel)t el'er)' ~lill'lol', while ,I,er. ,.II 1 I 3 8 II connectiull Wit.h Ia.utlmat.ten ill \\'estern&r'e." uncertain M1tl ...uiltlc\t' mully. They .81: or ('om c to c per l)(Jun,!. Mau)· IJCW prel\,c1~illg (lC·:lVI~OlJall~·. :"H.a~lIlillg on the hillprob&bly do better Jo~t of thc ClUIcades. \'llrietiell arc 110,," lri· d, fiy the VI'''y, om Oregon tho. grimt malIe b., Congresl &ll\t thcre 18 a be;Ulhful VIClI' of nile flll·ms acrOss

All. 'be Itnl\lI (1·\Iit, do relllarkailly weil, a8 nurllel'}'lIIel\ alWll)'1 k,ej>t IlLn:1\I:tt WlUI ~lte wldch w:\8 t ....~fl'l·red I.y the·legisloa:ture ot the river. Each of 1I1Ctlt Iol\s been "made out..nanie, aooaebel"rieiJ, 1"MI1bt:rrie~, h11l.· k her. IUlwest alleJ, bt:{lt, All new v...ridicll ill frni t JfiGS le th... Oll·goll an,1 Cliol iforllia nai'rO.ld of whole cloth." "The Lnl tOnl!ll\ud hill bench·n. ud .trawlJet.riea. Thtlol"C scelUS tn b\' no are-readi,lr illl~)()rtoo lIou.l l\.."!:It,{;,t, MallY tliiuf'll ell have hC~1I c1tJ4re:,l to 111:\1", thft fields we

. " . rid ". wo,tl , I' te" I' I Company, lun.k\.."l! I\, vcry importllllt item, This . I .o:eeption to t elr sltecei& u au proJuctiye 1 t' S lour C Irlll\. U\' nrc ,Ig. Y .s<;ei WIt lin \"lew tl;m·t: arc J?r(:"a.hly twentyoulti "ation. vtllned ill tht' 1~1..1te:a1 :;~tte., allli llIa.ll)' i\p. ;;mnt WAS IIla,lo af Ier the V l\lh~)' regioll' of thc lhtlcrcnt hOll:cstCltllS tlui1 th"lr 1111 pro\"emcuts,

:IEin' VAlUETU:''J. r,lell good keepeR thcl'e,&l~ ollly f1l.1! v.iri... i,'s \\'illal1ldte ....ntl Ulltpt'JIl:1 kid 101la: lleen lIet- The \,l'IlId clOWlI tn thtl \\'illulIlettu Valley. istcrti! ClUllieries aro in 'heir iltaucy., yet: I I 10.' I perf"dl."' It)\"t'l :1.1,,\ ,I,c "'","'W g "gc ra,'\"'d

Tb • n·.'·' 1'1 1'11' ,r'" . F. tilt., 11 as It "nve,'~ • ,C .'·"""0'" ··,',1, 0,\,1 ".' " .....•• a Ie ° "letl cl"\lII nllllnOA ex· ouem ,lUltl'orthulIli:llloiu":\gvl.kll,UHiN"·" ...." ~ ....~.... I I' '1 . .h ...., I f 18011 y. ,l 1111 t·S dJ~tattt. ~1%t 'I( thc pcn008tenIIiVely ilOWll here are all follows:, Ar;plt:'~ ill 11 smtl.11 way. Thore·illllo rc'ason why the lllllll lerll, lI".\ width (,t" ~i,'(ty II ilcll, aliI) fur a wlto hV!J lip tltt'l\: W('llt thcl'c witlJ' fJomeIted .'''&chall, Gmvcllstcin, l~nOlbo, Uato•. calll!ln" of slllall t.tuit.jj IIhould IlOt.ho 11. \'u'y le!lgth of ~IO mil"", it \~OlltaillS nn immense ~eatct.1 C~U')llllil~t alltl ll()W "\lUI/tin, gen·~ &II· Wh't I' . 0 prohtable eJJ\ e rJ'fl8e, I1.S 8Jll:1I1 f.utts o( all l,o,Jyof lan(l 'that n· ....dtclithef,wt.liill~ull,1 el':dly With good health, hecam~e they

waar,. (Will, 'I ~ ,e .... rlUam, \"t1~y, kitHb could h,. rai!Jcil of (I.tly qu;m'tity ll.lId of . love: tlte en.lIlll!'l'. Tlus nmy. bo cOII"'d,,ed'Jennetmg Red Chetk I"PI'-'I E opu S', 1'1 I, I't ,I . .. tlIOllIlUUIlS, ,a grent l'tll'l:<;lI11 "r wldeh hng "et'. J ': ,~ll II pi z· 10. ieI'! qll~l I y, ye argulll,\'Oh:tllll.,t call1lud to he eight l11il"R ahove the mainenbora. 'VI.",eSap, L.'\dy, \ ellow NewtQwlI fnllt are 1I1uppod here fl'um C:Lhfurula fLttll the ret heen 5u:,'cyecl. At the Ian.! ollice of the \Yilbmc:tto \'lIl1uy, I)CI'It:lP~ leelt tilan th",tPippin, Glrtria i\-Iunui, &II!1owp.r And lither!!. II E:~sl"I' -.. ..' I' 1 . , O. C. H. It. Co" tlll~Y 06tilllnte that not one di..,tanroH, allll ill.2i Illi!"R Elliit of SalclO. ThereTh I 11 d H lilli, J_I", r.l It'r, h.wc gIV('1l yOlll· ren.l- half v1 tlll"r 11\1lll!'\ h,n·c \'ct vcell !IUl·\·Cy. ,1 18 a gOOfI foot·'hill COllutl·Y nil around it with

ea. namet.1L 0 we hel~e, Ulit of y.~lle et"~ l~ dctai.1Ctl account of 1l';lilo gl"CJwill~ in .• hlludn'ds of settlel'S who.~t;1 h()111~ are ~I\ the'be. fore~Ollt I, th~ Yellow .J\; C~·t(IWIl J'IPl'lll, I!~r\!g.oll, willcl~ c'\lIlI.lly applie~ t~ \\"a~hin;.;tmt IUl,1 much of it will perhn},s lJI"O\'e too rough bottolll" Anll br.llt,,, 1n.IUls of the low ritlgeawhioh bnnga the IUl!hest pnce III the lllfU'k,;t; t_f €r.ntory. '\ hat I llavu ll<'\lll I~ Irolll an cx· f.·r any JlI·actical,le lillI;:, e>':collt Ihl\t i'n courstl tl~at Ptl~ Ollt from; th~ Illa~n CI\Scade range.:s.opua DeI', but Lot.h nre lHlt gooJ, healthy pcncuc~ of 2'i yo.ard witll fruit and fnut tree8 ul tillle wo lOay e:cpect to 11('11 tkc timllel· ill \\'e 1Il4.\·e pel1e!r,... tt',1 !'\IX ulllC$ It.lx)\'ft here'on

, , lor Ul'ugou. I.tHI :tlt.hough tlte fa'Ult idere..'it::!.'ll"e 0 "I f t1' . 1 1 I I .~!~" and no' vcrv ablllHlant bearcrl't. I h6 nut 1l0W what thcy oncc \,.'re .'I,c" a I-x' of hoth Illonut.... iu r:iuw',l Pti~"Cllt It. value Dot Ile l'll. tl 0 Ic nvcr, nlll Illme lld e larmlng

WI.... ," '" I f a t,.llcy M lios Ollt donr", ac>tmdly uoinhabited,

ineu.p it the mo... t profit:ll.le al!c~ 1>Cti,t tl"C$...aplJlea 8011' ill oall 1"1'n.ncisco for $62 lI~t I\·'tl'. t.hotlg It II nol", w; en it ill' all ilwumLerauce au,] f.U tlt(~ olhcr fork of tho ri\'er fille farmsalwAyl h.ealthy ltnd large cmp~, I he c,at!· fir J'.SOplld), or three hox~1 of \Viuell..p::! 110" ill to th\! s~il, that Illi;;ht elbfJ l·u cult.i,·ak.'c-l. call hoJ ~lJlln,J 1Iulil ),ou run Against a gl'&lUlWan. II ~ yery .h.edthy. trce 1\11,1 .I,t,: \fj" I'ort.hulq le,r SIO'!. )·ct fnlit t'ru\~illg ill 1)l'c CuI. I. H. M(lol'(~, :,t thc I.anll ollice of the lllOlllltlUll .....nll Ihllt "CCl\U t~ 81111t O'llt theenorlD~us crope, Also,'8 \'ery ti,l~e for tlrylIll!.. ! bf(J!l !8 Il 'lev, ,l'r¢\!o<\h:W IllU,i'lll(;!'l!',. (OJ' nULlIY ".. . I world. CLtilllS lire ta!,eo and eotllelo.ot· com·S"'...g • d k f II I h' I I k l' ........lUllany, II) ormlt 1111 lhat the sltr\'t~yct.l Iautl!!n ,eplllg I, Nltcr Rpp c.-I III llIen a ou.. ort nnl ,\ua e It th, ir so e OCCII' llleDcet! further up ead, ""'Ar, and will keendeD~.rnOit11 in edlara, nll\.l~ ,frost .I'l'"..,f liy patioll, &JIll_are doing wetl Ly fi In 8~lpphfflg {lfthc Ct'UII'All)', ill tli!lc,·ent counties bcmler· puehin;; into the mount:lillll further lI.Det fur­four .IDch wal1l1, or hUllt on 811le, hills, \lell thc ItiClll market, tnl1t must iouneuaoly ill' iug their road, con~ist of ",bout M follo .....~: ther, for the \.."Ountl·y 18 not yet half discov-"I',entilatod, on shelves fonr fctJt wl,]e, ,8ix r,: crt.:al:le with tbe bllihlillg lip of tile: city iuto ll. ~t uIt. 'llOlIlAh colin ty;. Ij.OOO ;\ere~: Clackaml\8 oret1. 'eTlbt above ono another, the apples clc;ht or g~lt.t Illctropohs, whie11 it is c~rt.1.iuly des·teo inchelt deep. Cnlilorliit4. ill Olll" III~ill 1I1:lr. tiued to be. GI011llty, 100.000 lIen·lt; ~lal·itlll euullty. 40,(X)() SOllie yean ....go the illcn was prolllutgakdIr..t for aU our late fmit. ~·f1Ullllelujllg \lo·ith QCr,es; Linn county, rlO,()(i()acl'Cflj L:1.lle l.'OUllt}', that. up the lIlaitl NUI·tll Santi;lIn courd be&yal. Ann chenics, Ba.rllctt Ile;Lr8, 101' .",.1. ' v£OrrAULY_",. fOllnd u Imtural H:lS>l a..ross theCa8eatie moun-

•.• A I I I I II 106,000 nCI'es: Wu.llhiugt.OIl 'COllllty, 2.i,OOO t' 0 t' \ II 'I 'I' bom. ",,~plu,m.s. Af.krwl\r.,ls late lll'pl.., 01. II( now a etIV....ot... sa JOut ve",ctn I es, It ~1l1l~. Itr netlt"'('lI,.l,jlll:\lllto eOlt1ll0hi b

,,, I I aL'I'tlI\,· Yamhill c(lI:nly' :ID.,OOO "','es', I'olk ill,l "e I ,,·,·tl,·,1 ,'s " Ie II 1 'Iw c t e nmesaplet.heflrlit ..ti to rJu:llJ:ity Iii tlegl:llera 'OpllliOIl of All who fiutt.vste ..' \ t I alllit lean, o"lerspros-and the Yellow N ewtow.ll I'i Pl,ill a.l!I .to.(lullli. ou r \'egct:l.LI~ that the:y are sU~'rior 1.<.1 thuso t.lt,lllllty :W, O(lO lU:r~~ll; lklltllll cOlluty. 20,000 pedal throu:;h to thc fndt of Mt. Jefferson,

tt;, TI_. I fo r h ,I , ,- Do 1 100 000 Olle of the "'·cut !tIlOW Ilct:tk8 that dom,'na" 'I,c• I nc II ur \'e u lCr Val"H' 1'.111 are of t J' 8tat08 . II f I' ".' &l.~rCH; t1g I\!I e/lUut). , 4lCl·es, umking t>

a ut the ouly kilul,. IIhipplid ; I,ut 'ill !!hort UllJfl ·.utenl , ell(>C'la y ~ IC r .•a.st- Ca."!COlllc mugc. 11.1111, '""oJ e:lIot1p:h, tlu;r foundyean in <Alifonlill nl!l.ny othcr v.l.ri\!ticll arc Wc...terll StatO::l. •Of COlllll6J VIII' nuld cI imate. a tt~tul lltf 1) I:l,OOO :lCI·CIt of tl.'lir gmllt, situatt.'(l a, gOOlI .w.tllr,,1 piLSS on~r to hMtcl1l Oregon_tent there.• Orcl\t t'J"alltitic:.s aI·e cldcd 011 ahulltlullt ra.ius In Winter ami at \ho g,vwiug ou 1i1lr\'cyC11 lauds (It the Unitell St;~te8,. that rullo,,·lllg th~ 3trca~n up all Almostimpa.ll8ablebo~e made dl·yera, ~or 011 t~e PlullIBlCr. II ..yer, time ill ~I.e 8pr,ing, Illllt the .dl"Y 1Il;,turiug yet N:lll:lU.I un~ol'\, 'I'lw o.:lIlllPItJlY hne hatl Call)'.OIl, .fur hfly nuicil LeyolHl they foond itwhich ~t from S.LiO to $i,OO, awl dr.led itp. w.lather III the SlInllncl., the ,'ooluigllt n:\.i\-- lIl08t of their lalllill Il.pprai.1cil by cOIll.oot3nt 0pclllllg IIItO a \'all~~y. and (Rr in, SIUTOu.nd.ed

~.. hr. t fro 5c to 10<: I 1 hy rugge.1 rnllgQ.ll, III the \'ery hca: t o( tllose

n 1I1 . i'~r, 1XHlllt 1II 'ort- lUg what the bot II'\)' h8.1 "Ioilted RlIIl thll" P'!rt«J1l8, aml'at their .)Ilicc ill thi!t city, Mr. P.· ·11' I Id mlJ et. OreAt rtl1alltlt.ICIl of fruit are ril'lPlliuH 'h. "rop' of .b.· "'r,·lcn ,'Iowl. ",,~ I I T _ IlllloCCeS~1 Ie reglOllll, at t Ie vcry oat of },'It.

a11o" b 1'- ".... ~ e- ,II S ICU ge, .utlltl ngf:llt of the Ctlllll'Ii1I1Y, hall Jet' -', ",", ' I ,I I' 1w.- UJ e eaten by hogs IU the orchar.da,. r.mpl• tufIial1p-"ue•••uccu'-u~ cn',p ""d' IC, "" I _.u I s c""rna ¥1l0WS, ley rca ll:t'C

I•••~ I IVU i&I .... ma.~. of each towlll>hil', alltl Ii au ."d de<· • Lea ,'f I "I, I d . f... _ "1'''_ &N evvywbt:ra, aDd evWJ ,..... etiaiou ·for \he \lob'':. . 1- U I U COUll ry la s lowe no 'lgl\~ nMl _Cl1piioua of~ ihe Lwda, au tbe prio. at unuaual. I6vcrity in winter. lara- enoUil, auJ

. . .•

•The ca.e Dropped.

D.lf'olt Free ~IS.Not e\'CIl n li\l'·vcr, howt-\'er l'lkill in cFOf'S

uaminatiotl, c31ll1lake a wilness ten the truth,provided the witnelOtt wil'hea to evade it.. Itis impi s~iLIt: to put II. question in lIu(lh exa.ctlangllll.gtl that it will uelllaDtl the desired an·lWer. Indectl, uoUlIng is more true than thestatemel t of 'f1lUt:)'I'I\ud, that tanll'lage ia in·teutletl to cover up Ulle'H thoughts, and no ~.n~

ever pnctic('ll thc principle contltined in theatatetl'~llt more than Talleyrand hill\llfllf. Itwas nee€&..·'My Oil n. ccrtl\in occasion in court tocompel a witneat to testif)' -AS to the way in"'''il~h a Mr. Smith treat9t1 his horse,

"Well, sir," lAid the lawyer, in a a"'eet andwinlling sl1Ii:e--R 1I00ilc iutentletl to .drownall lillspidOll :18 tu .ulterior purp·'.es-_ howdocs 111 r. ~mith J;euI·ra.lly ride a hotltl?"

The witness 100fketl up innocently, "",dlall!ietl: _ . "

"(;ellt~ral'v 1l8trl\ddle, sir, 11,elicve."The bwyci' iulkf'tl fl,gAin:"Uut, sit·, what Ji:ait docs be rille?"Th~ impt:l"t.nrn.l,le witnen allllwere~t:

"lIlIO-lI('\'er l"ide. any gate at all, IiI'; butI'\'t: Ht'CII the loo)'s ril1tl enl.ry gnte on thefarlll_ "

The 11\\\'lcl' lUW that he was on the track ofl\ Tnl't~1.r anti hilS IIcd qnestion Wa& Tery in·ei'11Alil'g. .

"How d0{'8 Mr. SllIith ritfe when he i. incOll1pany with others! I ltemand a dear an­IIwcr. "

"'Veil, !iiI'," l'ltitl the witness' "lIe keer. -upwith tile r st, if hi,. hot'se is ;,,,fe to, or i not,he fnlls beILiuI!. "

The lawyer was Ity thill time ah1101t bellide'himaelf, au(1 nekctl. "And how doea he ridewbclI he is Illone!" .

"11I-'llt knew," waa the .replf,; "I •••D(lvCr witb him wheD he wMalone. 'u.d therelb..... droppood.

Value of Eaatel1l WIll""

A aubscriber of the FAR!dER writes fromEast of the mountains to say that he conaignedhia wheat to a house in this city that reported1IA1e. Ilt SL30 a cenL'\1. W" of eouree cannotsay what the ,,:heat Wall worth ..... ithout li.now·ing iu qualit)· ami the date upon which itwa!! Pllt upoa the n~rket. So much Euternwheat wu blightetl1.t~ the hot weather andflLiled to fill well th:tt it gr:t.tles No 1, No, ·2,and No.3, anll the price nnmed woulu be IUf~

6oo11t, say 011 the middle of NU\'cmber, Cor apoor art.ide. hn~ if it.IUI t'f'.allv 200<) Ea.ternwhellt we do not thillk that. $1.30 h.... been af"ir pl'icc for it. :~U" 0 montl'fll>lLBt... 'fhe boWIenaUled by our friend h.. a high reputat.ioD foraU mert'antile ucellellcies.

W_ILw.\_MF.T1'_F. ~;A Rm~R, PORTLAND. O~R~EOo~N~',~"'~E:;;'B;;:R;::tl~AR~Y='~. ~\8s~·~1.=~=C=~7============' ;:'"='..~'_=:'=::.~1 think the next illlllOrta\Jon Wall by my- farmers in thil \'alley were·to 80W one·third oC ofT 1 mowed it, .ml about Aug. 1st, I took

I!elf. the hull "lIIilloili" IUlll the heifer "Bell- their land dAwn to VT'"l5 ant\ pMture a few from my band of a1leep, 160 buck lambe andt:hinnA.," aro<Uul the Co'\llU. I plIrchaaod them cattle and aheep, they wouht make tnOl-e put in Mme fieldi aJ it had made rapid growthfrom T. H. ~rt'arll, of MelllU"tI, ~OUllty, Ill. money than by raising all wheat. Mr, Jo::t.li· they throve finely lipou it, and about t.he firstTheil curllell the impurtation of W. S. LlulJ tor, 1 am glad )'0\\ cal1Cfl upon me for thi8 nr· of October I took. them off &8 1 wanted it toIllul S. G. Heel!. of quito a 11l11llber of l\8 fine tide, for it i8 quite encourAging to finu that grow up and get good for my apring ll\mbing,bred A.llimnl8 as 1 ever looke(1 upon. A mall we Are fully eqna,l.in wei~hte to cattle Ea.·t but. being aWAy ft'om home it proved toalateof cxrcl'icllce aml· jwlglllcnt wouhl ask no ami in England. I only find one ateer in the to take off lily lambl, I now have fifty youngqnC!ltlOlIs us to whel'c to tin better than with Smithfield Market in uontlon heavicl than lamb:'!, and I took out 80m", of my late ewetIH!st!. i'rolla)'ly the llt~t importation was by "Oregon Baby," ,Iso one ill Chicago; anti lily IAlIIhll, lllaking the ntllnoor eighty, and theyCol. YoulIKer &. SOil, from California. Their other !luere mat_one pound more than t.heirs ne now upon the 8ame twenty·fh·e n.cres. Iher.! recei\'~l much comment from the pre6S, on lOOn. vrou; thi. ,howA iOOtI blood put them in the barll at nights and feed themantI were much atll11iretl anti \'ery hillhly· and en.ttle highly improved. I would likc if the ,"eh'et hay; t.hf"re i•• slight .prinkle ofl!pokcn of l1y t1l1mtl sceing them, a.utl the>, you would call upon some one Ea."lt of the clover in it, however, And they are doing ualto\\' tha.t Co1. Younger Itllller~too<1 his buel' Mountaina And let us know the actual facta wen u sheep can do. The lambs are fat andness. They were ill tht! btllt of ahow order, aoout t'le cattle busine.. there, ... to how th~y I think it grow.l llearly lL8 fut aa they eat it;but if I n.lII allY jll.lgc, there was only one come out in collecting and raiAing, IUlll if) it i. a \'ery ~avolly piece ot ground. I amcow ill the htt tltat Wl\lj a show animal. Some what e:xteut the grM8 is failing. I tleem it of still aeeding and upect to 8QW 100 acres Utiaof thc rCtl lH"iff~m seetliOtI tit be badly inbred, the greate.t illlport",nce to watch anll keep up seaaan, Tent mesqute, or velvet, or meadow1 r('lII:f,l'hti ttl MI'. Youllger, Jr., when hewAli the cattle aunply anl] not get too far bt>hind: srMII, or what any oue rna)' pleA.8e to call it, itCIlrJ',VlIJ.l; Olltl of thelje heifcrs, "i:"iir~ you can· or, ill other word8, whcn prices ar.. good ha\'e IS Illy p.·t IV".; I Am l5atlllfied it cannot·benot I'CCUlllmenll ht'r very highly," He [eplied, none to sell, It will be oIJllerved that I .have equalled. The HOll, F, R. Smith, living one"i:"iho \\":\:'! young aIHI wOllhlllll Ollt." I 1lIll.l1e omitted lOme importations. I ditillot tbink mile 80nth of Salem, haa trie.l it a Dumber ofthe l'NIIBrk pUI'}lollcly to give him to under· them worth mentioning, aa the importer, yeal's from Heed I gave. him, and he ia wellAtnllli thnt. tllcre wcru men ill OrE-goll who Pcte-r Sa-xe, w... not a reliAble man. 6ue ani· pkMed with it. I saw an article in lOme pa­coulll poillt Ollt the faulty parte. Now it i. 'l'lal he had, I chaUan1red his blood, alUl he re- per this Se&8on, from lOme gentleman liVIngnot Ulr. ohjuct to rllllilown any man'••tllck, pliud "he hud the best of podigrec," pulll-d III Yakimll, sayillg he had five hundredbllt II t'em it Illy duty to Kive lily "iew... to It out .nd I Itoppt!<1 him, and he reOlark(,'t.I, &ere." :md it had done well there,the bCljt cattle, 10 thl\t tJlOle wishing '0 pur~ "What tIo )'011 call hiIll?" fWrl after giving I·lind my arti~'le is gettiDg too len~y andchnse l'lm start aright, as there are .->me un· him my \'iewa antI opinion. he fUillld,V atl· in condusiOll i say to all iDt.ereeted: ~Ive it aprilJciltlcol hree.lem t-hllt ".have wot juat what mitte<.l that 1 was correct, atltl taid. "~Ir. tt'ial. I will send lleed to RDy 01le w,.hiDJt toyOll want." a.ml sonletimea bid' nletl are alto Cross, they are making that croaJl ill KCH' try it to aeeel nne acre, by them 8ending110thilJg but a ru'lc, AMimi, a sell. tu~ky, a~d )'~U have the I5tock on yu~r fal'n,~ st:UI\P!I to pay for sack and lOaiHnf(, with in·

Now let lUI 8ec what this little Oregon Weh. to mllke 1t .wlitl, and ('an make 1\ prohb.b\e. HtructiollS to sow, and if you like It Sou canfoot !la:'!lI(1l1t.. Aitl'r gi\'ing yOIl a description But I &tlullt that he brought a few go<,d oues; gct tlLough st>ell from it to seed a big farm. Iof IlIV 1Il1'lIJllt'I' uf !Jl'loctlillg, [ will ,\lin you "Hanni'?al," pureh&Hd ~Y Mr Mve~, of Polk ':I\'e trietillclI.l'ly all ~rMl5es and it And thesOll\e lIl·tll;t1 weig:lIts-lIo .ham, nit bunc.mbe, ceuaty, 18" gOOfI {t.ne; F;11l!lh:l Mcn.lIlllels got. A F...gli~h hluc grass are my gras&e8, but UDder·I fOlllld wllt'll 1 WUJJ Eallt that &Ollie of their goOtI one also, lJt\t I dl'l DOt hClf,t:t.t,c to- My $l.lld lite 1 do 1I0t rccommend it for hl\Y, Iprclllilllll cltt·.le were heavier than ourll, anti that ~is. petli.r,rce WIUI tlllrcliul.t!e. ' 111\1.1 he /llli Harry to tlitTur with my fricnd, Johu Min'o

d I I d..lt ,n f,-t ......toe" .,••\ ,.•..• ho 0' '\'\0 fur he ilj a.n oltl·tinle fl'iend one I eAteemnt til\'! IInlll4'l tULlC ollrs out·lIIetulltr8 t le.n, ... '.. .. u ... ,..,rl.fer to the Chkn;;o Stock JourlWll anu Fat he cou'd hAVt' dOlle well, hu.t l~ill ..ope w.ns top highly, he is cand.id and hoMAt in all he Il\ya,Stock Show, alllO .the Hillithtiehi Marke~ in !O!lg, and, aa ~he old .ada1ft': 18,.lt hung hUll. I bllt, .IiJ 1 k:1I0W nothing of ·this gra.88, afterLonllrtll; wc nrc equal awl, I think, a little Will fUlI~er frleu~1 ~lIIt.o I .rtlcle on JolrQ.llIj6, ~t nading: his ~rticle I sh'·uhlllol tQ' it, aild inaheiltl of them, !'ut it will be secn by my "'!y earltt.t convenlent.'e. as ~'l"tlat ·men l'·,11 nlY min,1 I 8holllll be Agreat loet:r, for it· isbrectling t11a.t I CUlllhine.lu "'000<1 blood ... w&t Ihffer. "ery common for great men td tHircr. I forgotai;oilt~. • to mentilln that lOme say th.t tlu~ir etoci. do

In HH'- I PlIl'ctlB.sCtl from Mr. 'Vatltoll (our .ULT OF THOMU oaou '1'0 HOM. .rOD nllt like it. 1 hll.\'e studie.l that ait~\ probablygOOtI CUWIl, &.Ittl cadi seMon .ome of hia beat _BTU'I J.RTlCLB UPO)( GBUSES. Ihe)' let it grow too big, u it vines and lyingheifer calve!!. 1 hall them from every good UPOII the grouutl it rots, alld of (~UrH ..'ill ineow he hA.1, 1 th~1l pre\'ailed upon Gov. In the firat plAce Mr. Miuto .yl orchard that. case Irh'e an ullplea.sJ\lIt aDlell, but I hneGuillcs to t..'\kt> Aome of his best cow. to the JtI'.... i••uperior to Vf~h'et graaa for hay is bill IIILd 110 sttlck l'P.fuM! It. I have had it in myLn h II \) k " f d to ho .Ar<lcll ""hel'e it WM Ilot er,t ofT and WAI 80ne county tl , .. u e, re erre a ve. expori~llce, but tloea not tetll ua ",hat ,expo- •

\ f (I I h d r I thick 011 tht" Itrollud that the under ~,........am rom oue 0 t lelll purc aae ront tie nence he 11... had. I have tried each and wlfer \\ .gO\'l'l"nor I\. bull calf. 1 hretl him until I need. a rutkn--It .,alltll pao;turage vll;ry C ose.c.l a cll:Lnge'. I then pllrchu(';d from Mr, .. ith him vcry materially both AI to hay and TuoaUA CRoss,Gec!' the imported bull, "Oranu Admirat" paatnre, but do not like either of them forAbout that tilJl~ I pllrcluwed'rrom Melin. htoy. He admits it ill ,0011 upon mount/linKill!:, .\ Wright four of their beat imported fern and mouutain rangea, alsoaJmits itk6e'Pf1·0..... >1: then, to oour1e 1l1lfJJ) . 'Grand Adullral'."hcifon, I ilOportet "n iuois." 80 }'on tefl. I green under agrcater de,ree of froet btl( tltillk.hild all the earliest illlportatioDs combined, ... there ia a mistake aLout its being calledI al80 plll'ch.a"Jletl a )'OtlDll: bull frotD impor\oed "Texu Mesquite." Let na now coJ)si~ler

"~Ylllph" anl! "A.lmiral." - that C; P. Uurkhart of Albany .ent to Tex....I w,1l now gh'e you the weitlht o( lOBle.

ft<~('r!I raiAed AntI fatulled: The ''Orel{On aDd got ItOme meaquite gnu. He pTe someIt'\.hy" w~ighe.1 3,080lhs at seven yeRn old; to S. G. R~ll whete [ lAW it gro..-illg and be·the four fi~Ht years he run in the berd. on na- liMe it .the H\me id~ntica1 grUI &8 thl! \'elvetitivp. grl\&8; J then took him nparul commenced and further, 1. ....... at Mr. }'attet"80u'., illfeetlillg him: the f1ecoml yeAr be gained 350 Polk county", and he Ilave me a pint of secd,pOllnd; t.hc thir.t )'E'M only ft() pound8, I then He said A 'ri(ood of hll broutlht it; trom Texas.shippell him to Snll Francisco and showed hiN I lOwed it by tbe .ide of wy veh'ct gr,walit tllu ~Acra:llento State }t'air and sold him in and it ....,.. the a'lIne. I could dillCO"er noS3U Fralleil!co for SHOO; he ..... a~e .teer, difference. Now, Mr. Edi~r, 1 thillk COlOcaI put up ami feu WIth bim a beautiful four· the aenou. mistake oC Mr. Minto: he uys hityear old ste~r, bllt pereeivinll that he W&8 canllot but believe thf:re i. a mi8bkein MUinj(dOlle growlll~, 1eohl him for. ChriAtma.I beef tbis soft meadow at velvet graae mcafjllite,in S"h~ln; hu wcighctl on t~e ac.le 2,1001bl, and placing it.ll'"ivit, in the dry plaius ofand weighetl. ute-t, 1,4281tlft; now thia is mak· \Vest.ern Tnu. fond tndicAte. why the nlis·ing a littlc O\'er 68 per ccnt. beef to 100 groas, take may be almOlt a mitCortune to the gratoami I filulthAt the rrt:mium·cattle ill Ghicag:o ing iuterestt'o( thit co&8t, and further L'Ly.,ollly made 6i ant a fraction. I also -old a he h.. st.unied tbit p!u clOt.:ely aince abeut.C)Ir1stmalLllCef to A. H. Johnaou, Portland, a y-.r AKo a.nd tb.t b.i« rtmfLrke about its(our yCArs oM, Wt'il(lLton Icales. 2.100; drea&ed cbaracttlr led him into a a con:lideraltle cotTes·weight, 1.400, An.1 1 "shippo.l to Victoria pondcDI·ft in this State, "..ith people l<:ast oftifty hf'.ul of 11.8 tine steen a. I -~\'~r looked thtl Ul0l111Caiu., and hia studies ga\-e him tlletllJ<lIl: 1l1rove them to Portia lui &lttl shipped following result: let. DlmpliellS in ~he soiltltcm hy boo'll. to 1\1011 ticdl .. ; from·there I drove W&8 an eK8elltial cOlldition Cor ite thlivillJ( well;to 01\ lIIpia, ami then by ship to Victoria, 2nd, "~ither ... Ahay or pllsture pmnt underTheir avera.ge l\lIt w,'ight WILli 1,OOOlbs; five of moet favorable eircumstallC' 15 it will IIcn.rcelythem nctting 1,400tlJS each, Now, Air, had .rattk: ILll .ecol1(l r.te i~1 any rcspect; 3rtl, Onti!I:Jle cattle "een hOll.1ell alld fetl aa they are dry 8Oil, uuder a dry l\tlll08phere, it ie notill the It::',stern :States. they \\"oulll have heen even third rate in any respect: 4th. }I'oi' Illl1k·

milch Itett~·r. 1 IICC hy the papera thai our ing grass on damp or .wau\p 1:l.1l1l. it is MCCOudCAttle are highl)' sphken of in Chicago, and ooly to ~1 top.whcn ":''Ult of the MoulJtains last Summer I Mr. KditOr, I will here ~ive my reason. forW:lS plea.''ll'cl to 8re Upoll the ranll;e auch im- haviug a1l8werw Mr_ lIhnto" l'enuu k8. Inprovellleut in eattle frol,1l bu1l8 of mr .tock, the tint plACe, we differ ill ncry rt:8pect uponBut I .'1Il a£raitl tllat the ronge ill faihng, ·.nd this gra&ll, and we hA\'e both beeu EAst of theit i~ my ('(linioll that thcl'~ will be a l'Icarcitr mou~tnina during laat yeAf, 1880. I gi"e itof CAttle ere long, n.s tlte supply is rapidly dl· ... IlIJ orinion, to those livillg there, th;~t. themilllilhing Anll CIJll!'lUlOptioli illcreasing. You vetvet IV""s would grow flolUl do well alllont!:Jltask whn art". the principal Ior~etlel'8 or stock· their bUllC" grUII, and 11Il\'e sent to Messl·a.mell"! MVOpillif,n iiol thn.t thl,re ie not f\ prll-C' ChApmAn &. Duulap, '&1111 Elldo llrot.h, r!l, 8011,etical hrecller 01' cattle I'ai~er in this State or &tleJ for them to try, I willlJriefly give myC\·cll.\\'Nlhiugt(JuTerl"itoryhutLalidandRced, experience: I 8QWetl it f\nt ahout twel\'eamI tl.cy (lo not get t1UJ ellcourageillent they years ago upon brush and rt=d-hill land, withdc"cl·v~.. CAttle hU!lincs8 i~ going like the orchsrd grASS and others, AIIII the 'It'cJJal'llpork h,,~ilH'!l8, ouly we cl\llnot ship beef!fom gf"U8 iA 1I0W done and the vchet il yet a finethe J·:'\!\t, lmt ] velltllre tllat thOf:le ra.i8ing eat· staud. Last spring, in Marl'h, it w;'s An ex·tie ill II. sll(ll't tillle will get well paid. l'h~re cel1ent. pasture. I have ne·.rly one lilIlllhedare largc ItNlls in Jo: ,~t.-rn Oregon and 'Vuh- acres ill anil hne ploughl-'\l up tome pa."ture.ingtlln, hilt I C'\.llJlllt lra.rtl o( any who are I next 80werl it in a wet bottom, and, as Mrpl1rch:t~ing imJlro\·.~l),IlI1f1. The)'rtply, when Minto say8, it lik.C11 da.ntp 11'11(1. "~or an ex pc­l\Skcd Aloont 1I0t .luillK it, "Our neighbors will rmleut I BOwed sorre in thick buck·lorush alulget thc gOOtl (if thclll," allti cattle thus neg· It took well and ill now a foot high and thelocte.1 will falit. go to ruin. You ask, what brush is so thick the stock cannot Kct to it.impro\'('llll,'lLt is I.tiug mat\C! 'l'hefeneral avo Mr, Minto ia weH awl\l'C they have it uponerllbre of cl~ttle is not. Hear nil gOOl B.8 fifteen the Clat80p 1,lains. alid that it is the onlyYel~rs ngo. You a!tk wh1\t it cost8 per head to Wa&8 UpOll theae dry, Il.'\ndy plain8 tmt will1"I1;se them! Thill is hard t.t alUlwer. It de- luatul'e and make hay. I bl\ve laid it willpetH18 U]>OI1 the \'alllc of the lands they ~ carry more Atock than auy other grSlla; I willkept l\}lOIl; but I wlil Ray thil, it coate much gh'e a litt.l~ p~f. I BOWed twenty-five aeresleas here thall in Illinois. f..r here they are not .ear m)' .toc.k barn t"o ye..... ago, and laata.fI'ecte<1 with heat and cold, and au perfeoU1. apring I~ carried 300 eWell that I had up lamb·b,.!"',....<1. l. ....\UrO ibo "selioll \110, if loco III .., _i.h_to. Afl881&ilioc lbem

BY THO"'AS CBOM, 01' SALE....

<

[Mr. Cross haa beell a famou. cattle breetlerau·1 .tock miser in hia time, and we gi\'e hisviewa with pleasure, but he cl!rtaiuly CAnllotbe correct ill his a88ertion that CAttle breedersBut of the Mountains buy no inlpro\'e.lstock.'Ve have frienda there. l"ho OWII great Ilt:rt1sand take b'l'Cat care to improve t'-m. But:Hr. C~' statement may be. ami no do~bt istrue of the great 10&81 of I5tock men. It istrue, .. he say.; that the cattle are decl·c...•iDg ill Dumber and the range i. t1eterioratinJ(allO. A. the bUDch grasa: is eat down moreud gets ahorter, cattlc find it difficult to feedwhere both hona and ,heep do well. Also,when hard Winter- come, horsea anti sheep PAwaway the allow aud do well where cattle willdie. Thil wrought a gradual change ill thcbntinelll of Itock rl\ising; herda of hones and,beep illcreaae and cattle are driven otf ill illl'menll blUl,ls to ,,:-..stem buyers and, no douht,it is true, that the droves that allioulited to160,000 hen.d in 1880 will never be equl\lIc.l-,,,io. AltlO, it i. true that stock mell havekept to them.elvo. iu the put the existenceof immenae oodies of agricnl-up,t lauds, likethe ~Id Spring cQunlry, ill Umatilla COllUty,which ca.nnnt be longer kept for stock rl:nge,but i, being rapidly settled and tUMled o\'erby the plo..... , The plow baa Inri wllt inv;ulethe whde bunch gr;wJ region, and stock ~1l8tI...ve. Wherever bunch gnlJUl grvw. wheaFwill do as well, and whitt! stock raising willahvaya loe a great busineM, alld a. litrent Areaof country can be utilized in no othe.· WA.y,praotical agriculture wilt lupercode IItockraising .. fast. JU the rapidly conatrucl.ill1"railroads bl'ing available lantI8 within reach ofmarket.]

• &LEM, Ogo.• Dec. '24, 1880.Editor Wi11amette }I~arnLer:

In answer to your request, I will try Andgive you the ~arly history Qf the impOI"t.'\.tiollsof bloodetl. cattle lDoto this Stat~. James'Vatlon, late of King.s Valley. Henton countty, brought ACroM tbe plains A very few tiueone8 in ISH, purehalloo from Jan1ea Bru .....n.of Sangamon county, 1Il. Mr. King al!lObronght in a few good t'"~ ahout the .l3.lIletime, li\'ing ill the salUe county antI ,'nlley.In '52 Gov. John P. Gaillea imported quite aDumber of very goot.I Durhaml flOO'n K31t­

'ucky, antongHt them lwme first premium ani­mals. About Ihia time a very gooll bllll WtlSbrought in Lane county, callell "Huke," andWM pnrcha.sed by Mr, Cogswell; hc provClIhimself a fine breefler. Ahout this timc tI

good Shorthorn cow .....as brought &crags theplainll into Lane county atlll pnrchMetl_ byHon. Mr. Wilkinll, which prove.1 to lit: a goodacquisition· to his herd. Also, Ahout '1)2. ~h.

John Wclch Rnd the Hon. R. C. Geer im·ported the celebrated thoroughbred cow"Nymph," and 8hortly aftel'they ilUl}(,rte.tthe far-famed l\u<l celell1"3ted young Iflll1,"Orand Admiral," hy ship aruund CnpeHorn, and hl\ve the honor of makini tlte tir~timporta.tion by water, Mr, Weh:h pUfcltn..'lellhim from Mr. Samuel Thorn, J)llche~oCOllllt)"Now York, and r believe Mr,Thorll's HerdWII.8 the best in the WOrilt. AldO, Me8~rs. SolKing lLnd MoseR Wright, of Iknton county,importeo a number oC line fIollim:lls antI of t!:OOtlblood, about thirty head of cows, heiCel'1l andbult., and they pI'O'f'4Ml them,olVCIll al1 'hat.~"'dooUed.

CJ.T'I'LB IN O:aEOQN.

II1I1ortca1 Sketch and Account of \be a"UleBu&lne.. at the Pre.lnt Tim•.

~ enough to almOllt CODlltitllte a county ofll.eelf. Some time in the near futnre a railrOllt\will RO up this hiddtlu valley to crO!8 the moun·tains.· A wagon rOM will aoon be collstrnctellfor II. cattle trail ill alreAdy made. Thill re·gioll will be a ta\'orito summer rcsort for the{uturc"and it ie very probable it coula,in8lOme of the wouderfut medicinal flpriugll thatare .bumlallt among the mouutl\iu8 inOregon.

We have (lescribet\ onf! single leOoture of thisfoot.hill region. with which ~re happen to beacquainted, ami the valley beyotHI IL, hitlthmaway among towering ranges, as a specimen ufthe land. tllat 81uTOunll the Wlllamette \"al­ley on every .il!e, IUII\ the l!Imallt!T. vallt:¥sthat neetle among the range;o. Thf\ tlllle ."Illcome when illlmig."ation will pURb in . all,1 oc­cupy .n these lantis, Aud when we recalledthat. they border on a t.ruly ci\'ilh.etlauJ hiJ.:h·11 cult.ivated comlli\llIit.y, And a~'e, aft:e,· ;\I~,Dot Car from market., the quedlOlI al'l;;;t'~, Ifthare i. Dot great inducement to occupy t1,lelllDOW. The people who tteelU to appl'ecHltethem t.he lIe.t are German anJ ScalHhuM'i1\HS,These foot, hill bellches alit! valleys :lre frceto pre·empt a hOllleAtCatl, where not aJ.reMlyset.tled upon, and where they fall within therailrO&d grallt al C offeretl for 84le at l'elUlOllallle

trice aDd very C3<t)' terms, aa we h,,"e sbtetl.t i. doubt.lese true that a great e~tetlt (,f

country that is cla....ed ... mOtmt..'\illOtl~ willbe '(ound well worth .ettlement, rtcl'Iluati<?lIand cultivation. The piece of laud we de~·

cribed so accurately we purcha,<;etl of the n\il­road company, which probalJly has UlallYlocations of equal value Cor sale. The &:luteis no doubt true of the lanel grant on the Iilleof the Northel'll PIl.cilic l'fL,lroad from KI~lltIIlaon the Cohunhia 10 'rn.cQma on Puget SouuJ.

-.

=~~~~~~~~~~~~=:;===W='ILLA=~M~E~'I~"I~'K~F~A;,R~M~ER='~fO=R=TL=jArND=,=6=M&~E.=O=N~,~F~E~B~!!~U~A§R~Y;;;=.=.,;:188~I.==T.;::::=:::::::;;:;:==;;===='=;:='======'EASTBBH WASHINGTON TERRITORY. I KLICXITA.T COUNTY, YAKUIA, COUNTY. t1ement, cu~tivation and d~velopmeDt. That

. raging through the gorge of the ClIlumbia . Reaching (rom the C~ecade range to the company will no douht IItlwd its branches toDelCl1ptloD. Of the CounU. North of &he 001- we leave the Cucade Mountain eummit. to Columbia. whel'e that river runl Southwllrd, everv fertile valley witlJin itl niLch and no

umbta. u4 lDalI:e Rlven--·Inclu4 UI' the the W~~ aud Onf'.n upon a reg·on th • w·th u the map will .how, t-o it. I'unction wi'h penon w~o now vi8~t8 th~t comparativelyKllckltat; yaldma, 8pobneand. Palou.. r- I~.., I savage region c:a.n ruddy beheve whllt magical

vauen: and. tile Orand. Cou1~ ot ,'lome iutel"\'ening rangea, .ncb .... the Blue Snake river. bounded Oft' the South by Klick· changea may be produced ill it within twothe Cohamb1& &1u... • Mountaina, tbe Coeur d' Alene and ni~ter itat cou.ntYt and North by Skven. county, is .bort yp.ara. in calle the railroad give. -it life

Root Mountain~ extends eutward to the the great county of Yakima. It is not to be and attractiveneA8. There were about 2000- f N Y k d Pl' population in this. cotmtv abou~ a 1.'" ag'0',~ne area 0 ew or an eDEUy vama, RocLy Mounta,'n" .·n-I"d,·ng North.rn I·aho .0 In'Im'-~' .. ,',- o-"'b._,, ne,'ghoo" to " bl •

... '" II ~,.I' - .-,u, ',. Ie t ..\Xa e property about.a million dol art; totaloombined. ia only 90,000 square miles, -and and part of Montana. The river sllOr~1 are trade of the Columbia ti.ver; that ill, when ..rea nearly JO.OOO,OOO acrea, and while tbisthey are two gr'lat Statell, with millions of bleak. an(1 inhospitable, and for five to tifleell the Northern Pacific railroad completes ita may inclutle much hill and monntainl thatpeople a.nd great value of property, mounting mileS on each side of the rin:r it 66ems tha~ line over the paues that crOis the' CQ.8catle sor~ of. region will not exceed the ave~ge in

to th . d f '11' 'tit h New York or Pennsylvania. and Vakimaeoun-up ousan a 0 ml Ions; ey ..ve no the winds h..ve seized the sand exposed on r"luce fronl Puget SOllud, that road will IlQ.88 ty alone haa one fourth thl,\ ore of the lattergnat extent of fertile eoil, contain wide the banka and· ban at low "'ateI'. ami have through the midst of milch attractive cOllntry S~te. &sid.,.. the va11leya alluded to by themountain rangea and h..ve beP.n ~&de v..lu..• apread it over .. wide IJre;\l;lth ou each sille·; that liea upon the Yakim \ ri\'er, and will Vt"~lter: ahove quoted, ia 1he Kittitas valley, 40bit to man by oenturies of labor. Both of but a few miles back from thue. barren, cl..im the kaffic of the Northern countiell. of mtlea llliengtb and 16 milea wide.thele States'are not equal in extent to Oregon sandy or rocky Iborea, there is a rich :l.DiI ex. 'VaahinJ{t-,n, Sl~velis UII the Ea.t alill Yakima 8TZVIX:I COt'~TY.

h· h L__ 100' 000 '1 d ~- 'e,,-'v. -g" ." to be fO"n I II••, I'e.- I y Y a" on th6 W6It of tIu: ColumlJia.. l'h,', -ou,,'y •.•••,am.d .fte- ,"- fi-' Gov.w IC ,~ ...... uare 101 es an v~gon .... ' '''' I .• I e,. "" WI , ..• ,..., , L___ I' d' t' ,'" 1 WI'iting from Yakima city, acorreapon(1ent

.ndW••h,·ngton w.·'h )"0000. a'. ~- ~.vmea Rlore ac IV, £I au tnslUC.W' 'pop"..l. ernorG.n I I Stev.n. wi ow.. -~ -_.-, qu. II_S \ Ilo of the "." ·...·....'c,'cu CI,,·o'j,·,I••~'ak... fol. . • . ,I -":Jerw~. ' '. tlOn am prospertty. nhmng the wlld O;>~. I--are nearly tWICe ... large ... both 'Of them.' shoNl of SkamaniA we find thegrowillg coun. 10Wll of .tlle I&IIJII. productiolls, people and ". dilltinguished Union Gene",l, and fell inNew York ":D.d Pennsylvania could be clropped t~ of. Klickitat.. ')~lia eotl.uty Iiell ,n two l':lld goilimillcs of Yl\killla- couut.y: one of the battles of thtl civil war. It coYe!'ldown !Xl the East aide of the Cascade range diitncta and we have repOl'u (rom each wllich "On arriving at the Uliper Casc:a.de. you 3-11 immenae area and will olao be traverseda d t tit k E tt lIhow over a million and 1\ Illlnrter of ncres in· ag..in take .. sttl'lIlWr, l1-/lIll\L.nu~ th,e~ o'clock tl h'ta h 11th' N hi'

n 80 DOver .e Ilrea now~ ail .. ~rn chIded in Government Alln.eYI. \\'e judge in the aftel'noon ,·011 arrilltl"t The Da1le8 a lroug I woe eug III tL ort ealter yOregon ..nd Washmgton. TIllS II tJle regIOn from report. received tha~ not Oile fonn-h of .very thriviuJlit-tle .place of ~,600 illhahita~ta. llirection by the North Pacific railroad, whiehwe are attemp.tinn to de8cribe· .nd we take thill sllrvt:)'etl laud ill el"""lItll Ly OCCllp;lIlUs Here you will rem.1U ·over night and ..t day- hAl its road grMled lteyond Spok.e Falla, andthiametb()() of gi:ing the retlden aome idea of and the bal..nce il ready for aettlera; to t;.,ke light t:ake tbtl y ..kima 8~e. After cr088ing the track i,laid for a cUllside~bh; distance,the vae4;lles8 ..nd importance of a gPea& area' nnder government, or to lite UllOU for pur- the COlumbia to tlttl Wubington Territpr'y the work being C<"mmenced at Ainsworth, .,which possesse& ,n'\ny surface attrdctiolts ... chlUle of the NOithem Paciric Rnilroa<l. lide, you travel 12 miTell to reach the aurnnutwen as iuvitee development 01 riches that Klit·kitat valley h... An an..a of twullty hy of the Klickitat bills. li rom here you can the junction of the ColuOlhiaand Snakeri\·en,time will call into eJl.i<ttellce, not to be found 1tJlilty m'1I:::s and ia. gene..,I.JJy gOQll iIluil anll tAke .. birlla-tlytl view of ~he gn~at Klickitat to h~ pushed towardl the Eaa~ from th('re ...upon the t1U1·flWe. It canllo~ be IUpp<WM thnt covered in Ita Ilatur"lltat~ with 1IIIul·h· gra.w. Valley. In the dititlilce )'110 b~hol!l Guillen- rapi~ u pouihle, throu~h Mcntana. Fromin the brief limits of ne\\'spaper artteles we It hl\8· lon~ been cClulli4ercd a i,'·ooJ. stock dale. the l:ounty "'cat of Klickitat county.. To a pubTiahed dca<:ription ot this county we takecan give in detail the meritd 3-11" jlf"culiar fea- rl\uge, but within a 8hol·t rillltl it htul bt:en CUD- the right and to the left for.25 1I1IIcII JUay be the following. -turfll of this wide llCOpe of tel'.ritory, but .. sitlt:red an invit.ingtieltl for lUrilltWI to occuPy. lleen here Anti there a cotta.ge. with a ftlw "On ita borden at Ft. Colville and theIhall review each cou t1ty and 3-ttenl{)~ to place Illlli ~he Vlllltly .alU] ita 1G~I'uu'lllillg hill. afe acres under cult.i "':Itioll. Aftcr traversing thil Chimakane iniaeion; hore, alld here also werebbfore the reader such f..cta l1.8 will best ex. set:tllllg up r.• puUv ..wl ,,·.11 IWOIi be \lOlIring bro:ul plain you eUler the' Simeue moullta..inl, eDae~d many important eVl'nta of early Ore·pnllII the ad\'ant&gtlll eaeh offer for settlement ou~ a llurplus of wheat for export. K ickitat which 1\1'£1 weU con,r.~t1 wilh foreste of PlU"e~ gon history. In 1811, David Thompson, ....a.nd a fair dellcription of Ita topograpilY and COIlUty hal itll natural outlet. on the c.,lumhia- 6.. and taml\Tack, aud &8 tllllre is 110 undar· tronomer of the NOI thweat Company in biaehan.ck'ristuli. . river ,1nd .il mucb Ilearer market thau 1'alou·e brush, the hlllllue cl}\'erct1 with perfect u'ard overland voyage to forestall the enterpriee of

fte farm.. iQ New York StIlte cover 1~,600,. or Wl~la Wan.. vall.yl. The80il iii go<kl and of pill'e ..nd bUlldl gl·:,l.S:>CS. On ftl"riving ..t John Juab AlI"t.or, tlstaLliahetl a poat ..10 theOOO'acfea of improv,d·land or no. more tw there is enough of it to .accoUlUladate a larRe the summit of thc TOJllli h ~pur of these mouth of the Sp'Jkant. In 1812 the Pacifi,<h1e <t'ourth·the area 01 OreKOIl. while ¥t'n4 population. Ho'w 8My it ia for entlrgetic pee>- mountAins you fir>!t iJel.ol<l t11~ Yakim.. river. Fur Coll1pnlly (Astor'a) NtnhJi<thed the ·Spo­nnia contain. in fanna 11,6()().,OOO acree of Cle ~ find homea tJlen ami claim pJtloty of At a single glance you Lelwlll it.M meandering! kane houl>e and l<'ort Okallaga.ne. Here tooimprove..1 land, or not much over one-fl"lurth and. ean he judMed from the ~..pel'lellce of Mr. for nearly oue hUI;,II'ell IIdlea. Far toward ue se\'el-al .·f the JIlll i:m Imttllr fields foughtthe total area. of 'Wa:ihingtoo Tertitory. Henry McFa~Jalld, ~ Bo,nto.1 CO\lDty, who the north it apparl~lIt1y ellh::ru:~ from the hill- ..inctl tJlfl BatHe of WMhillJ,.<tOll 111\1 beeD aacri·T~04e St..\te8 have been for over two centuriu went up the nVtlr l&IIt Sprill-" awl located·in ude, alld like AllIin!" ,hl·eMI glistclling ill Ute bed to the '1 erntory. '1'i elSpo·kano pla.ina ..ra.00. a.ban growina in we 11th &nd population Klickitat. forty miles _hove 1'h~ D&lI68, a.nd sunlight, you trlltCC iUs 7ig·ug CountO for more e:ltensive, a portwn Iiell lIlltl C(I~~l'ed witband we are in our very infancy an(l the prob. ouly six mil. from the Columbi. rivtlr, with thlilln ai:r.ty mile. tn thtl 1I1l1·thwest. unlil hid· bll]lDch-grtl.<Wl. The w6!:\t·!ide houu(led by highlern.a of tiPle hA\'e yet to be IOlved iu our .. down hill grade all ,he "'.v. He took up a den by high D1oulilAiu15 m'Ar the Columbia. bluWI, rullnillg to SPOkMtl river, anti to thefavor. . homestead on a high hilly region, where Directly in frout of )"011 lies 1he Simcoe va.lley, head of Colvilte \':llIe)", ill Kr{l\~inK 'I·ell·water., It i.a only t..tely that we ha~e ht.-gun to real. bu~cb if la w... gro~'illJ; thl irtily; be loca~1 ..bout tll·enty.6ve miles in ltmgth. Nearlv cd. regton AdllUl"ahlr A,lapk'd tn stoo::k raiai~lU the value Qf the f.."Ountry ....&lit 01 the Cu· .. tImber cult....,.. oJalm anel tilt'd upon ItOllI.e ~very acrd of this is I ieh f:trmillG land, Lut it whit;h \lI'i1r be ddl.:nhetl ill tLe geographio~e~. The irle."\ of planting wheat upon the r..i1road I~d, and has .. oIAim upon .boa~ 000 ts ... yet only .. dc.eert WMttl, beUlg the Y&kj· memoir of KMtern 'Wuhington. The coon·hdl,aldea and anll platt::ll1J: of that arid region acrea of nob, fertll. 101. that pf"Ol.nis6I to be m.. Indian rMervution. )'01' thirtf' mile. y.ou !rr nurthea~t .of SpokllDe ft,r.;~lx)llt iorty mil.wail not entcl·taiued Ily the most languine; good for wheat f.rm6n,. His c1llilll inctudell can travel and not. awe a houae; not even an IS aleve} pl~llI, cO\'ered \nth bunch gr....but cu!ti \'atiOll has IMJCH graliltally attempt6d a. j{raQd llprinS 011 whlcb gJ'ows a 1'l.rKC q llin. .ndian OlUDp, and 011 this jouruey yuu ~·iJlllot fine for grWillg, but not con~if'Arc(1 extra fOl&J"d bas pl"o\'e~l15ucce_lIlover a wide scope cI. tltyof balm or cotton wood, Md within .. 'PUB over·au /\Cre hut which. if Pllt onder cui· agricultural purposea altbollj,!h cro..... b....counlry thllt wall cOll8idere,I 6nly a nat..u couple of mil.. .aere" Fawlly· prairie that tiv..tian. wnu1d ra.e fllrtv bhdlels of wheat. been gro",·n sllcceaaflllly 011 the plain. Allpasture" loud it has lteell (ound that thb aoII, grow. acrub oak which apaw~r. for fh'~wood Next in oroet· i. tile ·AttAnllln v&lley, which ia \.Vest aUfI North of Spukllne. Aftel'leaving theli,1Jbt. in weijtht auri in co~or, po88esaet grat while hi, r~iI t.ftnbt:r It.. to he .hauletl frOl~ twenty-five mile- in 1611tfth, allll from one to ·*o"'·U altOut lix miles. there i~ il. levld prairie,ntalityand bal prOllu....th·e forces that ..re the nlollntalna, tome 12 or 15 md8ll dIStant. leven lUile. in width. fbis \'..lIey is thickly the lloil heih!f":l. rich hl&l.:k loa.m, f\I·ollouncednQt. often equalleJ.· For two ..I' three,.,.. It i. probably ... healthy on this high Jocation. Iettletl and is a very rich .gricilltural dilltrict. lJy tbe Geueral Ln.n.1 Olfice chcmlst to 1M: theJUt .. .,e:a.t immigtl\tioti baa been pomng and OD the rol1iDJC billa of aU·the Kuterll Yakima CIty ia \ituatell at t.he junction of bo lit in the Cui t:J St.'\tef' fQr W~'At: it i. in._~Dto ~~ mO!'t avail&bl", section. o! the whole coun'~y, u. upon anI portio~ of our co';ll~try. the Attallum and Vakiluil riven. Thia il .. terlperaed WIth timber, :md abulIt!al,tly wat;er.Jn~or n1KJOD. In great part tllIl·baa come The hIgh htU. have deep &011 "lItl the Khcki· village of aholl~ :iOQ ill.hnl,itauh, and building ed by c~ka a·,d Inkcs. Tb~ fWctlon ia Ie\.from the older llettled por.ioua of OregOn, for tat valley very poesihly ofTen no htlttetloca- up very rapidlv. (lue lbY'1I st;l«iug f.olll The tling lip fallt, anel whcre Ol,e hou!'e could he.Ulapy ban lent their 80111 to make homes in ~Ila tl!&n can be had f rthQ tAking. 011 the Dalles brings you to thht plac.!. 'fhe chief ,.een laat llrring, morc th/'!, li.~y eM now beth,t.t.nlj'\\' land of lJlany hopes, and m_y who hill pat"ta of that county. Thc countr .cat il oceu~tionof the illhnhi(,,"\uta at pl't!sellt ·is C()Uuttl frolllallY (I no.. "h:r-t;.~ Ih·nd· !c1't:1 ofhave 'got tired of strll~hnlZ: with hard fate 001<lell<l"Ie, in Klickitnt vaHey, wi.ich AI- lltoek·raisiu.ll. Ahout liftJ::eu lbuu~nllll hel\t.l the coun~I'y 'It1crhu! II. (.I·<·hndil'll to thehave taken their fatuiliC! thitht'r aOfl claimed ready hAlltlveral bUlltlr611 i}lil:t1,it.'\nte and is of cattle will he liriwlI irolll hCI'e Uti. cOluiug ·view. Tht'! prairi, e\t':I1,,, ir(olll L..e ::.·l'.....!till.uehomea~s on the wi~~prea.rih•.and plaina. the 116a~.of a ~\'ely tudll. Colllmbll.ill a poiut spring. to Montllua ~llIl ~,'\~t(,l:lI llInrkcta. . ,'to the Big Jh:~I.l of c... ..;ltlll~:ia I..h·er.. Sixti :"l1i.'s:Then agam, others, "Ith means 1.0 JDVeAt h..ve of conullg Impol~nee ou the' Colulh'lia. Agnculture Ilere 18 S~IIlI!l u. Iltu•.ucy. Slm. South of S ok&Df' tI,(: cl.\llltry Ill. alJlllewba"~e there to ettablittoh lltook r..nches on the Klickitat City ill a thrivin:..: place, alld the ply becauae we have uo m;".~!':et ' \"I;.i I,tlllll:l I r::mgh, lml valuA),le for ~T:a.y.mg. '1 he towu ofWide r::u.'tell. The hoohhfulnaa of tbil clear, interest. ef the county al rea.ly lmpport a live· cOn8UlIll)bon for. cer,·:.,II1. n p. :.I·e miaul; ~po~ane hl:l..8 .the ~lte.' t .'" nt;: r power 011 thedry climate, hu allured many who fouilli it Iy uewapaper. The /'jimcoe Inti "II reser\'Ation q~te extenaively, &II" ate t;tli' :'L!Y .cmll that ~~elfic <;~st, ~1l1118 su~·~:.u.lltleli hyao eltten.!!ecel·ary to ...oirl the miat. anll railll prtlVail· occupi. coneiJerable gootl laiul in this coun· wl1l pay tQ export.. .J I.v lit: ...! nere 16, (01' thtt ,,~\ t: &1;r1cultllr.1J ancl 1:.1 :t~lI!g cO~lltry, on themg to';Varda the WelteI'll C6a.st. . ty. The Iudiana have m&tle c.msi.lerallle ad- mo.~t part, of an ncdl.· : 'Il.lalit)·, hnt lIOW. hue of tbt: overland rillln",J, \lI'I~h all outlet. c.pl~1 hu of ot?lU'ad been allured hy the vance !-Owardll t:i\·iliu..tion; there is A good a~d theu ': apot ill U • "'~iU\lgly illl}ll'l'gUllWJ to IAlth lleal~(l&l"d.'l, nllli tl!c fM'atot Wlvcntment

rich prIze!! offered III the tr&.II11pol"h.tion for SO Ilidustrlll.l ltChoat there, allcl I·:cv. J. H. 'Vi!. Wtth alkali to he uti7 ..d. The l"t:rnL'e crop (lr Uw coulmy alltl t~l·tl~ll1: .It~ Ill~ure. as agreat IUld promis!llg .. I'egion ..,ul we ~t'e rail· hur, for a long timp. agent Ult:re, is suppoeed of wh~at will. yield ll:'uut thil"l)' lHlllhclS, !Jut IlI~uufact~I~lllg .alll~ dlstrlhut.lIlg PCt.lIt IS ...road l)at(3UlA_ rapllUy developing hy hoth the to Ilave t1ernon~trated the !ll,ssibiiity of illduc- 'Ollle tiel.ds Ylelel M lunch- il.:t blxt)" per acre. Silled. ih.....lntlulI.\s Ilre 1I111ub~noua &lIdNo~hern Pacific ~taiJ~1 Co., allll the Oregon inj{ the Indian. tribtls to mn:ke 80me advance Thoua:a.da of acrel of gOOlI faJ'lll.i ..1;;" laud &I"e)'<:t lle&ce;.hll'i. A lilt: fmn.1 the .&f'!,'{·rl.l.l. furta that.Ra.ilw";r ..nd NaVIgation .Company tha~ w. towI\!"C'a.an enhghtened condition. to be recllliDled !Iv 8tttlul·j. '!'hcre ia olle 11.t'Il'h.~C tllt"hl. til" ':Illl,paratiuly thlck.ly pop.IIOOn bnng evc;ry productIve llpot of IllY im· Klickitat haa .. ~r8leUt POPUIAt-ion of over body of I..nd bec6m;iltg within li\'e Il)il~a of uJl\teel C?lwt-C)' b· .. \'et) M .. _n·atralut. againstportuce.~t of ~e mount..ilUl into ...peedy ~ and la makmg rapId gruwth. Stock town, containill~ a\'(IlI~ 4RO,lKiO !._1~8, th..t is deprerll\tlol.lS, t:.V"L ...!loult! they t','er oontem­oc:.:nDl1lDI~tion. ~Itb ocu.n traD~port.atiHn. rllJRlIlg tUUl been a fM'pnlftr ocoupation hut all vacant and other hollies of &U,:.• l1o;:r llimcn- plate "'lIch Il: II II. At 0,.'111' 11'AIeue Illke,~ fact II ev de~tt 'h~t the influx o(jDlmign· sheep ..re Dot.a plentiful Nor h of the CGI- .inDa are' iD\'itiliK ~ttJer8. 0111 'llillt.'S aro Iwcuty·eight Qlii... ~ .....·t of ~poktUle is a four'lOb hal only Just conunellcetl Time will umlna; perhapa not more tin" o~ lixth of Il.ttracting colllillelalJle at.lt:ntiu!: l..;" 'eUlln. c· .mpllny pt"l't,. 'm1l"'r' cnmnlalln of Geo.maJr.e 'hill region tbe borne' for milliona, .and J<akrn wool clip comlllll"'.1I01ll the l';orthero' «'or It!veral yean pa.!<t &fcw luiu\.l .. !J:n'C hcen \\ h~~ttoll. The...,l, \ '-I fnlUl Spokane to thethe graine6ll of ite futllr~ is. matter we may countie.. Wintt'n are {(l.·ntll·ally II1m'e aevere diligeutly at work IIl.!euiuj; qUlU-U h •. jl !I, Ilud la~~ III the best. lII:i:~ .. aLle. tile C/lUIl~y ~ingwell 'p6Cll!atie upon. 'l'o·tla.y it i. ~ealy th~re ~.,an South of the Columhill and lltu:k aevOl"a1 thousall,lllolrlu)I Wl'l"t take"l (o,:~ lallt I ~d 1lllll000t M a .. :"01'. The !.olke IS tllll'ty'tought, becanae, &8 we we before explalOed, ralserl generallv ..re losing hCll.vily th('l·e for ·scasQn with a.r~tl·PS. but this ISt:o:•.,UI'. ·two m~lcs IOllg. wiLh l1. b, ..lJral width of threeao greAt an extent lJf !loil remains V&C&lIt that a few weeJu past. The ex.:cptioll&1 aea~on q~nrt.z mills will he ill 'lpcratiOiI.. OUI' I'h)er IIllles.h.. only to be tun"·' , I' "lid sowell to gr..in th..~ i~ carr)'ing In?w and froa~ to Geor~ia and uultea tllrllefl.ollt (Illitc !llultlsOlllcly last hi,· I)' Wc all50 Lllke t;ltl following from the Tacomato ~roduc.good I. 1.0.l.lI81alla on the ba~t of tlte Hocky mountains Iller and til . I I

I I ' ~Ir. pWIIlT8 ;l~·C. I'XIICC 1111{ 0, u Le,l:;tl·of Sept. ;~.i.·t:I:8clibin~the topo"rnl,hy. SKA.M., •.• (·..UNTV. III e t aOI1l~what on Ihill co~t. "'hile the much better thts )'car. 11118 c"lIllh.r is' C'·Ill· '1 I I" ... ,

Thill connty, ou· th~ 1I0rt.h the 'VMhin 'ton cold ill not il.ll.f!use and the \\'inte! ill. moat para.tively IUlprut.ed.t....·l1llt. lIUlIlI'r"U>l lCf:"lUl SOl aUf (: IIIlllto·.'d . 1 . .' ' g Iparte of "tltem t)rt.-gou anrl ~\ aslunIlton hAve been f<lulul uf ~ol", I;ih'el' amI !I·:u!.;( 17: ....· ·Wl'(M:llA(·IW·l.t.• i·ATl't:'.'" CF TIIY. COU~TRT".

al ~ 11 ocJ.ted dtrt'ctly lU the ClLkarle Moun. haa bef.n tOl1lrut.ratively mild. be..·",. " ••y f' be I· 'J'I' l',.- ...- 0 CIMa 1'11.111 allt.IlIlCltly. IIJII' toll 1111 ,1... llIt htl A\'en'gl l·'·U''''II\· of it.." li!urfacc ill that oftains and haa derived ita chief iUlportmce 1\. l"t: sht:lt.ered lIy thl> Calk:ll.ole ran~. f,om the Ih., 1,.10". f,'ve ye·. I II h II I I _., I I ... ·h'... 1 S la 1"'C rlJ eo. '.1'01111'. /l. .l!r,t.UuQ. t> "t.t: II,t::'l.Ill{, IIlJI'lI.~rct:ptl y to thefrom the exiatence of the Casca(le railroaet by; mtluellc~ th&t flow frol1l (J\'cr the HCK:~y \V1\shington Tt:ni tllry will llin'e yit:hk'd I'" lhllwotl ':ye, llt \\ lOa.t.·\·cr e'llUl"lICC it lIlay be

f I · I 'I I '.. , 11l0untaiua upon ou" v'1l.Ate,·" -",.",,'., I··•••' 01 '11' f 'h h'll .. 'melUl110 wee po "'I • "'.... IllIIOIIIO £I I' I ell t"l~:a.sll"e. VitlWC11, (l"Olll lh .••~ultllnl,ia riv'rc:l.8t~ard to11 . t I .r ,a~ ~ 1.1 ~Il e arounl the Cascadcs the pl"Cliellt winter witlll;l'setl 'Ve do !lot Cllllol"~c the m:el" MIl&'1lilic 1\1 S';I·' the ff,ot hillll (.f M'll lI; ...nl.taiu:i in 1,Iaho hav-

the fall.. TillS road IS SIX 1I111~8 loull. A viciallitllth:s of climate tlll\.t Ill'e dt·"trtlctin: of " I I " 1, " '1' . ,, I d · I 1 . I Ions a8 0 prOt II .... lUll, 'II It! 1;01 t.i \"t·ry ltIg t.llc gt'IIl"l'u.[ "l'lwnl.,ucc ,r It vast slaina earner all 1Il~ .,e ow. reeCI\·t'S t Ie freight lUuch ~ronPrty .. We look lit it ill ",,'. 1'·SI,t·. P 1,'6 f I I' I t I .' I I I I

d I r' ru calli Ileel B 110 ng I ~ ,a ellteut 01 tto"! t eVIII.' 0 lill ..d· lkll .:ut.1I11 with couloes.an paaaenge.'·ll rom 'ortland. cotlVcys all to 'J'h..t t Ie J"I' of gl·e..t st<lCk rnnge'lI i••I..u, 1'1 . , I'· , •

'I I d ,. h '" powen. III gl'ca COUll y tS 1lI a lllcal'ouru ~t.""'III15l.\",lrtH, wh. r"tllc Ji:le.I ..·.",ins, thet:Jeva.&no leI' an mg ll'IUye Were they are trans- O\·er.· where flll'lwng CllII I... "~,·n·.d on to f II I]' II I . ,fed''''...... open orsel emt'll ttseolel·tllm at lie liull ill.wOh·,tfl1.t,n thef:t-'::;thiJ·tylllilcsou'err to. anoth\lr s~.al!ler alld t.a~ell. to The ~dvantage it will be CnCOlW&ged lJy the buiM· Columbia anll ~(Jllth of it, hilt would lICl1 Ie tlot' Iknl..tit,u i~ lii;u l(.'(:t; II.t fifty miles it i.DaUe~.. fhe county canno.' .he Bllul to ha"e mn of In·al1r.h rr.i1l'Oa(.", ..ml whea.t g,..,w'·',g 00' .,", 'lito I . I I"· f I I' f '1

I A I I le'e{ 001 excess ly:a.llyllllall ....l.llLo . ilU cet .. ll.bc-ll,tyll.I.J.... 1,4::!7ft:ct;ntllinetyanyagncu. ture. very lI111tcrl arf'a for llet- WI I reflace tbe roammg hCI'Ja ~ha.t I '1Ile',·",.. ,I N 'I S······a ..tuck f I I I11 , f 1 I h I Ie or lerll .... ..c.,. '-' ., I"CtlllCllt)· til' • '''\ ct'. 1,Sl;:.'; at II•• , hUlHeci :.u;u ell-veil, 2,050,'

em!ll ~s OlllU a ong t.• '. l(lrt:lI, antI the carr)' t Ie braud of ..n own<:l' O,'cr a hlllllired . t " h II " ',1, I'fh I' I I , 15IS It-oug Ie Will cr WI JOli IlIIlC I, I ;~lIY u.t. om hU:ltlnti :.11'; t!lirly. 2,::,)4" 1\11(1 atadia.

envI y 1m ler~c monlltal" III C8 are "ut into miles of coulltry. Stock "4i,,·',g n,.y "0' ,I,'·, I'd "I 11 I fnod f I I • eel, an ell. ell.lIl 10rs<:s are numerous t I' ce. 1.11WC II • I.t: h'l..dIC"II:U·\ uih(:ty lIIiles from

'.' or supp.y 0 .1Il,(,ll.lUlwats :u.ulloo.:Olllo, millish. hut must be.'''riell all more p-""'. ll' I I " I I I . . /', I, to I I • u I~re .. so, Ie lllll 111.111 lIIall IS COllllllq ('.0 ';Il~\\O.I·t!. til. ,·Icndiou it' !!,4(;ofo.:ct. ahowiu,lveal or .hllU ~ III tl~~ 0\: t Ie ".'tl ~Jf tile dif- cally alul within clOller Iiml18. The flrltJlIa.ce in a llleasure tlrive 'lnt thc ~tock lIlall; ..mut],,;· n. nll: c 1I\ 11.I.t dustM.t·e {.f I,no ft>t:t or 10 ft:ei

fercnt l'a1lro&olI, that arc hellH1 bUilt an.thc Up' of IlU the Eutern couutry had to bo 'h. ,'''-k '11 I II ,.Co I 1 9, ""'" year \Vt )i·0 la J y setl ac Ive COllmlenc-.llllllt to tlil' mil,·. '11.1: :.!1"l'1\t c.:XlwlllIl~ "f ....oull'r};~ un ry. lIe portage flU I'uad aro\llul the !'a,awe', llOW COUles the I,u,hn"~,,,.t' to ,·Ia·,m f 'I f I S·' I ..

d h tl ... II, 0 le roar. rlJm tIe OUlll ol'cr the Cilsc:'lde" Ioll11-n.lie··hr. t.:Ullll·~'tI ;.1..0.1, uitl! is 1:I-H:I'C'\ wf'. e. &II Ie merit of bt:illg tlte first rail· the beat a\·"il..ble Jallel for cul',·v"'·on .nd 1 I I I . I IId d \ lUll Wleu tie c 1II.I"I11lDg Ii II anll vaks of 1'lu,.:1I H\"I1I>.;. Fl"om u lJir'I'S ('yu vie..', theroa . eVt:r (,OI~st.ruult: ~I'¥.t ot" thtl Rocky comhine ltock.raising: in ""n.1t WolY pOI'haplll Vakhn. "1'£1 twotl.i(ht wit.hin a few houtll ritle \\h"lc of Jo:;t.tt~111 Wllt.<hill."I~'11 "oulll Il.ll....eUMountalna, u It bali b.6I1 ID onaratioD .inee a but in a wer &ltd more hum.ne "'y, ....'L 1Y '1'--· I 'I te I ]' 'S I I h Y1_ d r- "I I ratlVAU 0 Ie wa. no uge oun< t It.-I·t! ·t.o Ual(;\,to', lI·cclCbIl 1Jluiu. lJllHuiucully lnar.VW)' Ml.". 'Ii tltele,;tlma. panuib of aarieolwl'O; .. iU 1M tiM pe.." poaaih1e inwntive 1('1 Ctlt. ht.l hoY a D.uUibur uf krL~O\la liuea, neh r.I'

'..•

TIMDI'".i

The Illck. of timher i' ::me of. th. J.-iticipal,lrawhacks of the county. W. beli'e...e: thaiw,e bll\."~rt tJl~ trllth w~en ;"0_.; ~attl1.cr,o l~ Ilot 1lI0re .than timber enoll~ in\\ lutlltan cO\lnty With which to fence ·tb.nrnille L'\\Ifhl Qf the nOl'th'of8ltern part of"tbel.'OUI.-lt~·, On lower Pille Creek, .Ro<!k Creek,:lo!I4" :r.;.r.gro Creek t~~re is conalderable aoodpll_Ie "tlll~hcr, fl'Ol!I.WlllCh h~Ulber of goolf-qual.-ty alllllll '1unlllltle~ .llf{iclent to !upply the1,)C:all1l'111aHtl can 1-0 m"llufadureJ. 1"IH ia\Iscd a1\11 ~t c~"du,i\-el1 fur fuel. Th. princi·pal !UpP y uf mil :mtl poet timber u<e»buinedfrom the Coeur d' AI lie MOllutain. in Icbho'.Uerl'itoCo¥. Th611e Illoullt."ill,are l.'OYeced "'ith_UellS6 gl'o""t~ of Dine. lAn"la...-ck. 'Whi~ red.

,Aid p ..Uow iiI', cellar, sprue and aeyetaJ·other\';'Ir~ctiCa of tiinher, froID whiab an 'bu'ildhceof fcnce mntcrial 1.1 obf.atiued AIOflli \beKorth L"MfJUae there i. a narrow 'kip_61_'P"e"n,r fir timbc'r, e~tendi~ in .. idah ~t..an-m:;o of one md~, 31ld IIi lenatb:alti1Od theclttirc Ilist.'\nce l\CroM the coun\y ftvria·n~rtb·eUlt to ltoilth"'-cet. t~ire woOd i, dra.1t bpon.1':~-!Oll. ,a dlstallce of -froll1 Obe to Neb.milea. ' - '

In-.a¥tv Deacrlptlon or a end and Grow·_~ RectOD-TopocraphY. BoU and OUdl.ate-:o:

CJr&ln. Ol'aS, P'rult- and V-eset.&blea-Cl.t­_ Ue, Borae~. Sheep and Ihrtne.

''''''Itryducts.

ever, the temperatnre ia .. 10 ttigr8 8'below zero. The Winter of 1875-8 thecol<1f111t k.nown since the aettlement of theC?untty;_,ttHfmerctlry fea.chiTtR;'" to~ M1II:tirtySl:t (Iegt'l:i(>! below·:tflro. 'Durfng &hla Winter(1876-S)-~-&Il"the Dfildest- ODe tnOW1J:. '-'Dur ngthe eutire ~utet" ths thermometer indicat-

W,e felt aom. apprehemlion concerning our eel a temperatUre no ]o~'er than ten liegt 8.abc)\'e zero.

ablity to write up proptlrly the country EMt Comp3red with Iocalitie. of the ~-·1ati.of the C8IJoade" and Intended to m'\ke a per· tude, &ast of the Rocky Mouuiaina. the aDOWlMtual.-ilit to Wah W:tU.., And p~ thi, fa!l he~ ia slight. Th. lfI'eatNt dapt~side, So secure facta fl'tlm petllOn. who Cl')utd 'known to hue been on the pund at &D.J ODe

time, waa riming the Winter of 1872-3, whf:llbeai giTe them, bu' ihe ilea-on haa proved ~ reach~ t~e d.e:pth of lweoiy.\h.ree inch_.unpropitioua, the river iac1oeed, and ill health amce With tlOle It hall !lever uoeedtd ODehM bee~ another prevent,nR eaUle, but we foot ill depth, The grounrl i, aeldom COftredhav.. been fOl'\lmate in proourina .ariou. pub. Whith snow for one mOI\th at a iime..· Prior te

-10 ·t ~ yenr 1875, there W&8 hu\ littl. Ni. tal i.licl\tiona thnicover much of\h iL.eire<1 ground tbill eountry, but Ilince that time nin hal ben

· ......1.1 have me' 1)0..,011' cArable of givmg UII quite auumlant, The rainy .I43&8On vau.i"lynillable iufornH\tion. conm enct..'8 aoout the :tint of October. and

TI'e,l'alouae Country ia Perhapa. the most llU1t.'1. n.t lIltcrv&b, until the tint of Ma1·'Mite soil rnrely becomes too wet to .,. plowed,

central point of intere~t in Il.U that region at In Summer the w~ther is quite 'Warm dwe:ng·the prc"ent tillle, "nd "'e are fortanAtfi in· Ilt.l· tllo dny, but the nights are cool and refl'OlhaJg.cllrill~ a fiOlali pamphlet, ·Jlllblil!!hed at Colfax, The chief productiolla of the cauntt are

wfle&'t, fl&t!J, b&l'ley, rye, timothy. millet:, po..thAi &e!.'!nll' u.. coyer the .grounll sufficiently, tIl.tM.8, c:lblJAge, heetllll.nd in fad of .n the,'\rtet thollgh" eviJeotly wtitten by iutf'reated, hardy c~reala, aoJ Yege~blel.. lndiaD. 0IjIrD

('lal'ties .doC! hot deal in AllY f'uggemtcd d.OeIJ lIl1t 1I0urllh lJc~ a8 Ii doe. ip. 1OcaJi.tI.statelnont.. We ha\"e gon,e''Ov.er thil'care'ul1y, where ihe,nighta ar~ warm•. In Mme loCaii-

i~, bowcver, ,oll~i.l1Y 9n Snake JliY",,; cOo.:t!ltlnro AAti~fioo that it ia rolillhle. al:d, so 8I1lel'l1Lle 111(1,,:l0li Uroolll corn and Sorghum·' illI'I'C!tClI t i\ -na IIhowing, the charncter of that gl'll\\'lI. Here too are railled mo-t of the ,. tea-­pCl."ulinr I·CgiOIl,a.;'tl lll~o as ~)eilig in a lllea,'lr6 del' ,.eget"hlea, such 111 be~D'. toma~ lWeet"'llllpr,Otl to the grl8iltcr pnrt of the F..a.sterll !)ot."tocs, .etc, The yie!d of ~b]t ,iI.!~

_ , nt'He wIlen compAred. With any 'Of the A't1&DticWith regRoN to·loll.,ehltl:J.to arid. proll..c:>~tea. Whut a"eragIlB for tlfeoty-fiie: to

t.hll\Y buehets pol' /lere, ~nd a crop o'''fi"ftyhushela Pi:r acre i~ frcquen\, Oa. &Yea"­,'rn..~", ...J,Ollt Ilix.t.y blt.llheI~ per tLCre, and «in•.iOllally a, hundred ImeGfla ill obtained per acre..l.>allev yieills ahollt the aame AI oata: , Rye.forty to fifty buhels. l.'imothy.'two ~ fO:Jr-~!llS per acre, Potatlo, a, tw·o to foor'litindred_ ullhel, per acre. auu.all other produCtioila i•.1xlUt tbe ~tne pl'(lportion" .. .

O.Nf.n~L ,D~R~rTIo"".,

In begining " dc.crlption of this colllltr'(;it.;'1 vttry propcr t.o fil'" tleao,ibo· tho soil, Tn,Ienth, the soil Wliitlliail tOllnty ,,'ill Aver·

I'R~. ah~ut three f~t. . OI!U~~hil\ll, it·isalle:~rich AlHllootm loalll" .u::ept in 8OO1~ io,t.arlttet:,nn'thll-~outh .ide. it 1a "lightly- .eby.y•• 10lhe vaUeys the Mil i.·sirhihlr- to that' of--'~e

hil'II, ,u-cept it ia ·~inewlJat J~~h¥, 'a,ud lin",-.n!f! Iac..litie. albli ilJ (oulltl to a li111if.#!;J 0.­

·~en!. It ill f't}unlly· productive·in·1M1Y llPot:;h'lt Mil he pillwed: T4lt~ scMl i. the UCOPfsl1.11.1 ril'llNt tl)~"anl "-Ie e.Mt.ern .J*rt of therM.'''IIIlI' "lIey, .rHt neat' tllemoUl,taiulI1 r·Jw-­lllg gnuhl,.l,. IiKbtlllt' ;,hd ·!hiriuer towar.- ~De

\Veat, until it .£epne1atee:, :oeel' th~ ~~.

"in ri\'cr, iato tho _nd and ~ge broeh ~l

..iUlibr t.o that of the·gteai pla.iull of Ncv;tllilaUfI Ubh. .

The lJille: l\IId ",n~r-' at! alike covert'll wfth:\ ,Iell~e gtowth bf -lmueh grus, the fl-f:>l\:c'nntritiOllil of Ute gt"Mll "[lI!cies.. hI MmmMt- it:!ro\", Inxnriantly; , About the·mlllJl" of JlII\'the heat. f Ihe enD rlrie" in inkl All 'fuOI.JIClithl\Y, Thi. ~tfor<l. the beei of provenll('r lforALOck (If 11.11 kiMI. 8lInch erm!ll, whon mnture,i! t:1id to bit htter'fbell for horeea_thtln- 'lil:6foat._ M '-lUlUmer ra.n~ for atock ,\If' niid.rUo POl"tiOll 0" Whitman oounty Cllnnf)! be JUl"p:1.s"~II, whit ... in the western- f\llr\ t;htl8h"CIIl.l",f SilO.""'· &llrl the miMne. of- the wt'ather ~af.fonls ntl excellent Wintt...,. e<Ulge. .•

, '.",,'", . ,of all kin,l" do ""el1 he"re.. and stock l":\if"lnr IINtSM.MfHlolally bor'ea -...w'Sh·Cflp,' ie ... ' pr' flt.:tl:l; Whitman oountr ,,1It1.ll that cOaniry~l~Il\unch of il;ld'llstry, OWl'" ,to tbe fACt _ih~t Nor'th of 1"!DUe 1 iTer i. etrp('ciaJ1y ada, .. .." ' , to thc rai~ing of horRElII, ann w. can trll. ·IfwlIeli I'lno~ co\'e~ th,e graM, they nrc ~.Il ibf,t·tl, Stty tI,at in lit:' portioll of \he UIJlite,t Statel

·1.V p'~will.loC tIle lJllOW "~"y,. to obtain a liQI\"ti. ,lllll(II·~ll'llniloturc011 ATa.!!1 in. beiter. fOl'rit. orfnilluppl~ of. fQOrl. III 'VilltE'lr it is n('('<'Nary Il!Ore perfect pr'orortiQm, ih..n io ~.PGunty,to prl'p.1.Ce rlclltv (If hay for ct\U,le.. as. tll,d tlo r\nt"rtl &t.'elllll to h:l."e eombined in tbia ·coua­IUI\'llll"oCCO\ ill ohtaillillgfooJil\tltll8Anlel~,'\Il- t·y nil, the elelllcnte n~ry. to'pt:OdncClUN' IL;1 !lol'pe!t lIull Ahcep. . HOg8do \\.('\11 tl)rou.~h, 1I01"I'e9 nf the nll'~t perfect Iype, ~ 'ib", too,out thl'1 c'll,ire cuuntry, but are lt~., 1'1'Olitti.. of Iii I da8;!oe~_ HIlI·ttM, like IIU otbw·-aniinaIt,i,1f> than Ilorses, 'cattle anu 1l11C6p, iJ.\\:ill'1 to ""€I greath' afTcct.etl by.,climate and· ether in·I f I I r h'l' I \ 0 - "llleil<'l'f!. We hM'~ the hiQ'h altitude &Dr) thetie, ,et, t lOot t lJ'Y·are 01' II oy :lo"-, tllllli un,

Ilil\g :lot Jal'fee, Un&; llotwitllstallel/llg t:li"~, ~"~llt.:l.illO\\1\ ff)~'mllti(lo ,:,f COllotry.. rettllillitctho c if> pl.:lty of 118c"" III the eO,llllt"y' for tllf-the f\l'OI~I~ct,IOIl of YI~(h"Oua and. atilJletic110111 I' "11 ~llIIlPt'-.Il. Oil ri 101 g oril ill ;a.rv \\' i II t"I'S; - I: ()Ioglli", q 11 ...11 tll'lI l!0 f'Siloeli tlal to the first- rat.e,'aUh- IlI'l,,1 ~:'Htlf' feud. Mid ~ellol'i\lIr J~cr t.rottf-I' ...url r,,~· hor...e, "TO have .alao the'.If tbp.~I,><t qlIAtit_\' i. kilt~ I ofl" tIle gm~;, 01111'. i1.I'll1ul",lIt 1'11,11 '"?l'ulcnt fOl'lIfIe IJO necGl\I&rYIn~ tilt! l'llt;I'C Winf .... l'. 'fhe _price!! f r ",f,lIf.lk r,of' lite ,?rOtI.llctUlII of tlttl ponderou•.dl'aft:lI"l' gr.uc'I'ally E:'f/:ltl. Wor.k J.Ol'hC~'llt"U lit frOlH l~oNte. willch 18 ~~ popl\l"r "t the pre3lllnt.time.r\ftv tn "IIC hlllull'l.'ll alld forty tl"lIan~ PCI' ~e\'ltl'l\J. or ollr CItizen" hav" IJ"tLthe enterprisehcat!' Cnttle r,.ngc from p,(l'·tln dollnt'll for toO pi'" cllre_ at ~T'l'At eRpell16, • nu~ber ofyt::l.Wlingtl, to twe.ll)' nllll twent)'.fh'e 1I,IInrs 111' t e11\81l drilft st.:lllioua,arMl tlv-re iLao doubtr'll- fom' yt'lIl' 0101"" '~hccl' ;lre wOI'tl, frolll two but th It horaes of great "<ligbt:, .m:obiuedI II , I II I with sufficient action to make them IOn~bt. ? ar!t ? IWO I llrg :lll' ti t~· COlltl! per III :111,

.-ncr )K'lllg sheared_ 1-Ir'b'1l anI nt ),n.scnt, after b}' t1lo&e who wish to eft1plo~ borSbi or'lui e chcolp. :I",·rll,t,';ng aVutlt three fllId n half IU:ll\'Y wm'k, a~ a InQlle"!'"te rate 01 sp~, e.a.tIcelltM ~r('jfls \\'l·ight_ he_ prOtlllCt~~ ~'Ith certlullty and profit t.o the

Thl'l'~ i16 W<1ter ill great abuutlance all ov@rImiser, TillS 18 IWlllmed from the faot tbattill' t:lltirc cUlm try. ,Tile hills oordering Snllke I~onle. ~rou~llt h~1ll the ~Il;tral or Eatt6m.,·i"U n.hnu ntl with li\-illg Hpri llga, 118 110 alao Htat.ll~,1II\'al'la"ly Hl~PIVV~ III size when broughi.dl thJ hill" in the e'l!ltel·lllllld lnirhll('p rtiolUl t to till/I ..:wtlltr,. 10 pl'Ove tha.t hardy and.. r'thf' crllmt,v, Illtlflllm.localit-ies it ill nece8lt.: fleet-(ltf,t<-01 hOl';oeA..:n1l nlso lte.r.\,!'I'Ild.I~ere, wear)' tn dig \\ellll in onlcr to ohtnin ""-a'er fnl' have ollh- !o rell r. to the Indla.lI. poRIN thailtuulIlehol.I \l>t.~. I,lIt thc Ilepth to which well!:! ha\'e hrell HI ano! 1lI for generabona, aDd feedhRvc t't Ie ,nnk, ill 'illier to ohtaillg a IJollllti. whnll.v m, Illltlch gr&,'Ifl., \\-Itho~t ahelter, andi~llsllpl'l~' (,f l'ater i~ in~igniti~lIt, Iny from pe,:(orm wOllllerf,,1 feAts, of a.Kllty and enduro!-IX hI '\urty feet. IlCCurrllllit to ~lJeltl"cttlity Rllef', Ono of th('fie pnnJet!J VtU known kurry

- . II Illrge Indian olle hundred and tbiriy·fiyeaLI~ATI'i 'I ' I, '_ . ,.. lUI CI'I III ('sa than twen\y-follr boun, ...

· ~o '!' ~rlef a II~crllJtl(ln on, hltmAn, count)' 8t.'e~lled to he lll'llle the worse·for tb•. joura.,..It I'" ehUi"ult t~ W\-e ~ f_ltll. l~,d -detailed ftC- "f\'IUf'lh s;hows th:\t \he I\/ltin b\tnch ._ of-~Uht ','f the ehll'ulte, OWl II.&, to thu fact. that Hus sl'ction C1111~iuli ill t.he tigh\ propt,rtie••"lUl-e tue ~eltlcru~lli.(lf,th~a Cllu"ty ther" hal th08lll elements tllat Are neceN&ry ...n ...lt~t:"H ~10 two Wtnkl".8 alike. U.ual1y,~ the the hors;e & pedect phyeic!U d~velop'me.t, uo\\ Illtcra are pleUl\nt lind t~mper:lte. From finnlJe8! of texture of mU8CIe eo mu~h'priudth~ h,.o{Novelllher to the llIl<hlle of FllLruary by honsetuen I\IHI ohtAiul"d in mOlt localit-ietlJhe 1II.,:,,",CU.f,y r~eJ :h'om. tW"eo~.... t-P-.tl\"tlnty. oul;y, by a cAreful,and paiollflaking ..ystem offi\"e de'trP.u above wro. OCl.'&lllonally. how· feltdlng, It nmllt be borne iu mind that.

almoet disappears at a distAnce of 8&Y twenty TB:B PALOUBB OOutrl'BT.miles from the river, It ia believed tha'nearly tile whole of this Allndy belt could ~ma.de produc'iv~' by it'rig3tlon. }<'or thegreater p"rt. it rusemMefll·the aoil of TulanCOllllty, CAlifornia, whicv. '\1'&8 thought t.o ~of worthies! desed.·ch"rn.cwr until reclaimed:'Ln(1 bronght tuulor profitable culth'atiQn b,v.means of irrigating llitcbee. Bey'oad thtithdi and for all average Jistnnce of• .ay '0lIlilea e"\lltw,.rd AIlII fn.r t.o tho South, aJld for~mllo llista.uce to the N 'rt-h oCthe railf'OAd line;t,(,\varll Crah creek. the Mil is of the lighte8t"nd finest chamcter, Nltt ditfering in appear'alice from tlll\t of the Wana Walla ""lIey.&:)'011<1, it illlrrO\'ell ill "ppe"ranee, growiD8l"I'kor alul henvier, heing of a neh lighttll'OWll C'olor; ami hellc(\ e"~tw,,rlt to -Jd.h~

this ontire pod,ion of the 'Perritory, a"y frommlli:e:r.! t!.) 46 !~t incim~iv6. &\1 area IlIM,Ur­&1.1 by tho\&SQ.mb of 1lI1llare mile!!;'- amI Ynr}'intlor tile bettor ill par~icll1aI·loca1iti('!s. such lUIwe koown """ the Crah creck, Paloui!e, PiliI'!;Mve an,l Fllur Lnkes countries, comprillef<11l~ gl'eat, nu-inn of ]lI"t\\:tic;ahly uuhrokt!1I ag­~-cllttur:l.lll\lhl. ~,·:\r1V tho whole of a \"hlt,'>c1t oflal1ll W~!'t of the Ch':md conlee &nel be­~\VI'ell tltn.t :uHI lI10 C"!umhil1 river, whttff';:hnt ri\'cr !!WCIJ!""" \.1) the westwal"ll, anll SOUtil·1','111 tilt! Cllh-ille r(,s'~f\'-atinl1, hu' a snil 01

In.rk, (ll\n1ly 1111\m, 'IOUIC of the h"At in tl\l'l"erritol'Y_ The l'lim;\te thure jg ~u Ile~rflO~

\V1U"lllor thAll tIlt' "'a!1a "','loll:\. "Pl1"Y, ,Jollll',\'hit". ",hI) hM I'(\_~il!tld fo\' fotlrtet.lll )'ell.T~

,I)Out 31) 11IlI(>~ f1'''1lI till'! graml conlce. aflWS hi~

~prill·'( wll'!at ill 1"ehnn.r,V, while in Whitm...rIlld Sp')kall c:llIl1ties tho tipriJ,g wheat i, butn \1lltil M 'Y,

'fht) nUI't'h'Jrtl I'or'illn of ~tA':\'ens COlluty,·'/OI'llel'llig III·iti· I CnhUllllia., ilJ unt_ lllUe!:

'wown hut ill lll()lltl\aillllll~ to II. gr at tlXkllt.fin,e wiU hl\"1J to chp-8 bufoN the conu-r,:')nth of it \\iIllilt IIp I\ntl tbero will he till;·!Olllp."I'll.tively 1I1lkuHWn regillo to cl~lU II.t,f!1It!OIl ill tlfter )'l~1'3. SIK,kallo fn.u~ 1U'~ u,r"Oilt u:ittll"l\l llttraction 1111,1 nl~{, tile atte (,If n.Iu·i,'iu, t')WII, witll .. ~ooJ coulItrl' IU1'I'ol\lul,lIg, 'lUI\'IU llllli 1'i1ln~e. nt'e ~prin,:J;l\l" 1)1',I"e"..hel'e, Tile F"L1r La",,*, til h" fuu(lIl (II .;I.e Illl'l.p, hl\"e I:H~dlci.. al qllMitie", BIIlI Melli_:\.1 L ktt i::t Yi3it,,,l hy hUIl,hOUlIII of ill\'I~litl:·

-roul,letl with rhl'llfilL :.oJm.. allJ DerVOUIi Ill",·a.'\ClI, "ud 'wolhh,'I'iul cmca are saiJ t.o fullu\\"'lthiuK in it.. "'·Ilt..- r ". .

wnlTYA.~ coosn.Thi' count)' I~ ~ILU.:t.tc,1 Ilorth of -F'n~'kfo

-iver, I".nd ea.«t of the Columl"ia. It (ootaln"'btrf':l.t fl4rt of tho attl"&Ctiv. l'alouae c"un\r:: wo.rd~ wllich "A"ro;lt immigr.rl.ion hu l~n

CUlling for scvcral }'~IU'8 nut. \Ve pnhlisf­·-I::tcwh"rc all iut.eru¥tiug allP "'-ery fair ~ll

"1\lIrtialllt>8"ril'Uon of tho P.lr')u8e oollutry,xhich I Tl'chlll(,3, the I!ert!~ity of J;lling inw,Ieta-il, with regl\rJ to, Whitman county, A.. ery rich region ekirts the Weeterq .Iope l.f

he Coeur rl' Alene MountainlJ .nrl OOMtitltk'~

he SpokalU nn,l Palouse eountrit.8. ·\Ybitm"upnnty i' rapillly lillillg ·up. And h.. --~lre.'\.(l,­rlally thrivil3 tllWIlJl IUI,I ~-Inagu_ : CoICax ihe QOtlllty 1I.lll Rolill eldd point 01 ti'-allei P;t

·OIlSC Cit.y, l,j "liltl~ e.'\.~t, a.ll<! close to tho,laho lilltt, hn3;~ 1-Il:h &lIll cxtt:lIl4i'-e agricul.IIml c"uutl'y nil a·-,,-,u.I it, :mtl isnm,i' to lArg,""ti~ ot 11l1l1'flr; Cltel":)' is a lie,,, nl'l}Jirlillt'

"lr the chief phlCC ill 1)1~lollse pro>lpcri r: hott."";olhx 8tul Ch'mr1r h;wc th"('.ir lIcwl<pnpb"e,hll,1lile ill ,,1i'lopuhlll';[lI::,1 :Lt~JlOk:UlC irtll~, Then'.re thri\'iug "illllg:c~ all tlu-IlLl.;h the count)'

:1,1 "t'i!,' i "! "..i .... al'wg Hunke l'i\'cr that rillconsi(lel'ahIc tm,'e.

Ibe h ..,)" ,Ilel" 1';leitle IUtilro:vt pUSf!l

~hl'Ollgh the III"I;t ll'lillh11'c'"<tillg I)l)rt!on: of.VI·itlllilli "I't1U~· nil" i" Ji\'ide'{ fl'om t1:0'1'II'ollse .collll1.r)' 1,,'- "1·,,n:;'01 of llilh 'that C(llllSti,·lIte a han;':I' W tra,lc, l)\1t thb Oret:0n llnil'\"Ill' au,1 Nn,'j .(i'm C""I\"III\' ",'ill ·Ol'bS.~'

~: 1:'1 kc I'i n:l' nHOtll1:I' ,\ h1.1' n· It c'--;; I"tl'lwt l'oal",mll IIl·allcht]f,: :!t;,t will l,ellHratl' to' eVt!h;lnrli,," (If ':i~,tel"ll Wh;IIl".11 cOllntv:' \Vit'l!;lte 1"'I"oj clell ~llkrl'l"i,'1Il~ of these t~'o Ch':r,,­,·nti"..s ill dcw ,-.: .\.•;1:" ""uuty' :11,.1 \\Ihlt_H:loll COllllty I'-ill $Illlr l'''!I~''l'ii all thc tmlu~­IOrtatiflll fadh;: .. : til!:r dl.ll fll,!!~ihl.r n('Clt.nuti

-,hi" willlltillllllal.l: 1'l"",IU<.:~;rlll \!) l\ grcAt: rle·;ree. Agai~1 fvitm'i,'J.;" t'l tilt. accomlt "'(:'8h·eIII lull ,If t~: I'nlplI (' "('HIlt.I]', ·l'I.llrl tIlt· "t:lte·Ill'llt 'I~ to . ,tcal-t I 11111,. that Tll'e fllrlli~:l('llll\­

,h,~ lall·1 ollie~(, \, \. It-.I\-C t l,iYl ~I"IUlltr with theCHA'ft.A.('''TER 0-' THE SOIl_. ,illlrtll, as..·\Crtioll that it pO··'l-l!:SCtl tlr,~ grent~t

The Iloil which eO\'Cl~ the \\ hole of Ea$t..en. iKlmhl~ all\·IUllltgl'8 ill ";lJiI ail, I dill!:Jte 1111,1Washington, from Olle totwenty feetillll('ptlJ. le8t:C\'I'tI all that WI.: lJ;l)' r.f it_ 111 cllpyi'lg: ae-

COllllt."! uf tht~se "'Ccti911l:! fl"1ll other !to<1n'C"i. Withas peclliinrities which ,l(ive it 11IarAelllli~tiIlC' lUI,it what l\(l}lc:l.r to ll~ 4' hi! t1xtl":l\-a;.;::onttiorl, It is uncommunly light, IKith ill clIIOt .,tat.,· l,ent.'! of Jln.. luc II, l<illll,Ir IlI"c .use- wel\nd "pecitic gravity, vAl"ying howl-vrr. inlo !.tIlU\\, 1.hat thc tl~I;,lcII"Y t,. ~,\-C t,ll' \'(,I"Y he'lt

I, , th .- L I f I '1''- i:u,;l-6 ntb\II'al.tll, ill i-;o.h ",110'1"(;-'" :\.~ 11l!!n\'('I"en. ttlM al5 e eas"""rn rKl\llll a\"yo tie _ en tor)''\gc of l'n"llletiuu, i.~ :he f:~:11t of Ill:lll)' 'niterll

is a.pprOAChed, Along the hnnk oftheColum' lIul Wt'll\,t.i,1 it, ,.."-"l- i"t:'-~ it,h~, Thj~ Enste."llhi& it is mixe,1 in large Prol,lll'"tiolls with ,...ud regifJlI i~ we'llol,,;·rlll1,\ I'I-",l'll:tin' n:nli nced",t:\.ken lip by tlle wiTHI at Ilt·,\- watl'riuthc riv('1 ,0 l'-:".;.::;"ratiwi ~'l rl1;lkc il :Iltl':lcti\·e. .Illld cII"rl"icd for mil~", intnll'l. Opp'l.'J8e,1 tA' \Yc rt'luiwl ul' ;':a,l,·,'s tlll\\ thl'OtlRh nlluewCOl\lmon ex/lt:riellce <::IYlf'wllt~re, th~ soil i~ o..lr,ul,'I'il:::l al"!'s-.ttt,:I-e.( peul'lc who :lore read.,-

· found to he lCtter all,l hettcr nwav j ')01 the to! !-.,lItht:il' 1,111'1 claims at a \~el'y l"tla8nlll',hlt:river ~uwar,l t!'e En>lt, In Ft. he"tt ; 'ong thf' prict!, Thl'}' kltu\\" tlH'y c.'\ll go ~l!!e",here Dnl!river the admixt.nl"e uf !lallll hlll\ heen such (re(p":lltl" l<cll out thcir impr.wellwllh 8; eo"thAt the naturnl \-cgetatioll i~ ('onfinclt to flngl' to W:t a lil.~It, IIIt.ncy tAl 1I,'Ut1l,,_ _-\ny pel'."!nnbrush fQr" wid.th of tell tor tWt'lity milclI. who J.:l).~ I-:I\.-.t lor thc mOI\Ilt-aill~ with onh·when the pl'Oportionlt of 8an,1 anrl soil rue IlO 1II00.lcrate IU'11UUI ,'all c:~il.\ locate t .. cxeellantnltered lI.'l to !'lHpper' bll'lch gra!J'I, whil:h i... :ul\"lllltagc 1\111111t >llllall .·,,;st,. '

found tllellce iucrelVlillg ill 4ualltlity,,;nh~ tl~.'·, F"I.~.J'I""'· ~riloerolj ,..n~:I'I~t~W'L1,"'~l+rltF... lla1P.Aup,e brnsh letlllcuing, uuril tne attel' Iinnlly !-I. mOllth~ ,Qt. II; or OIlr.p~U "-

-embling' tb8-coune of a. Piver line. One .of· '.theae" linea ill- crab creek nor.th of .thr.'Tait~ one of th.e lQ~gellt .f. the ClaM c&lI~d· '"'Creek.; and ·like' the Snake. ri vel'. flo.will" to"'~Il:\Vesb. a"clUl', ice c~ht. "stream .A~ dozen... 'yards wirle, 'Over peopled w.ith .tront1 . mean·

.dering 'Where once ·8owed &riveroL co I iectuml; ilntiquity.~ between· wh~e high a»d· .wj1191y.' 4eparated walls of bastLltio rock lie· \'le,'11th . of,- grASs ami gmin lIoil enger. for the plucking:· others 'ltill Arc .the dry clll\nucl" of old tiOlt·

water coubies, belUlllg tT'aM8 of ~ nohility .i..their prime as grand ll.6,ilulot of tno .Cutumbinof to-d"'y. Sevcra.t of ·thello .1;111' .water. conT'

, A~ cAlled'coulees, are quite Wlcl. lu"t deep'.and in places h""e pcr-peIllHcnl&T waHs 01balAltic roCk, bearing lIHl.l'itll of the action ofewift water currente. lI'or the grc:\h:r I)M&'howev~r t.heee b&llklJ nre less ))rccipitnll~, 11.1111Are of lJuccessive terrACes, -risiuJi to Iligh tah'"laurilJ at the genernlle\'cl bll either aide, "n"well covered with aoil aDtl bUllch grllo&'l. TI iacountry hll.a beell commonly rcfcnetl-to &8 Arolling prairie, which ill all itIM6l:1uatl,',lescription,collveyillg an err01H.-'Olig itlCll of tho ch;'Lf.­acter of its Sllrfac", It i .. morn than a 'rolli1\!l~..airie. SeverallHstinct cltlsscit ll.r"O a\)pareH~.80me of i'i:'coll,ist!J of ll111nerOUa hil s wdl.rounded, co\'accd with .o;oil, alia l~arillg gl'l~.of thick growth extcu,ling finite over theiltops, Such lanl1 'might Pl'Operly be Ilnm'j<!prairie, nnd they lie chicUy 011 either sille 0'awl ncar the .c9ulees, l<'ltrther hack fl"l)ul the.coulee3. is f"unrl the rolllllg· prail'i'1 (.'(tHlltrv,and l:I.till further aW:1Y llo h.ighcr 'table blill it"

· e~tcllsh'c acres more ncarl,v fl!)JlI:i)~<..:hill9., thr,ctiara.cWr of level t1~u mlllUg/nat_rlClI.. I bc~

_.ie ye\ anothfll' killl1 ot la.ntl..:;llull !lcah laud, . III IUl\IlY placos ahmg ai-Ill iiI the c()l\l,~I'~ alII!, .. ill the regiol! of the h!lc ~akt~8 tp tllC IIOI'1Il(':'-'11. ihilS ua.rk,colorcd u:wnltic rock pecp. tlll"llllgi. tile aQil in Ilpot.. anu dnstcl'''' of all lli7.o.:~, 11Il:,_.ruely l~xcectlillgan acre at &:lY lIlle ll!:lcc; am',teen at " <Ii!!.,.llce 1')11 tho light cohJl'(:ll I)i~d:grounu of a hdllli,lc,~tht:!e llpoh he&r re.iCIl!

: "hnl.-":' to llcabl:! on all a.uilHal, n.lItl he,lce tiltnam~ given thiA kin;l IIf slll"hce. Hut COlliparetl to the w!lole, this rl,e!. l'itll-(;~ce or l'Il.'fl.!lan... II> etf uut 1I10:l.1l I'ropm.-ti"Il, perh:l.Iu le,,-·.ihlUl on-J-twl'lltie~h; " i" not i'lt"IIlI~l tu o.:r)n

~: 'ley t.hc iOlpresslIllI 1_;lat thl"~C 1n.l"~C conl~e.­

: ale numerous.. A troweler Illic::ltt fullow bi,:_CQu1'lIe f If Ilevcrni ,Inys wi t-hout e-!<":ol1llttlrill;:'

.- olle of them, ani I, that too, o\'er::. ah,~)lu tl)"uUUl'okcDlltrekh of a.g:l'icul:lIrnl 'COltutl'Y. a

.1 in the IJrl\.lriee of llliuoi:l or Telt:.~::t: ''!'Iwi'., ~\lrse! art:.t.olornbly rlil'-ect,autl illeyaTord ex! cellent ron,l. for both w"g ·IlS nu,l !IItC<lm CMs, 'Their bottoms are colllp;lrnti\~ly len·1 ilnd

bein,'t direct aud fr~ U:OIll 1111.; alltl a eel'. gNV68, the In~1i:ms hllni long'used the·u ir'. pa~iug frum oue section t.o ~\llothcr. alll1 I",than tJ·:J.i1 mn¥ \)e aeen nloll;.{ die hotto1ll 0

e\-ery couk'\J. VpwnrtllluJ alrJUg t,lH) ooUon0.1 pucb a dl"l nver In..-d, caUe,! K'VJ.l1a;&zel,C'lu]ce, t" N(,Irthern Pau;ific Ra.ilroad, itO"«"..ullgCt,IlIStl"U~ted, pa~,,_for 5,,1 Illil~s noriheaatwafll froln Aiu"'worth,' which is at: thr

,mouth-, f Snake river. reac!iing the foot of r:diVide th,t separatt!s it f,'"01U 8 silllil:\r llr)'12'1Cr Le..•• kuoWII all Providence cmile! I. B)13 milt:a vi euy grade the line p.'I.8'tes over thl:.diYide into the wttom of Pl'O"i,lellce coulrealong ~.. hieh, it. contmuCll to l.t\ko Coh'illewblo.:ll is t~e he~d of thiB coulee. ~f)iIK .ithof this. gl'ooetlline of railroad ia tile wtlgf)!"nd It 'go TOOIllcnding to the-frout, III traveling over this lY>aJ th~ "isiun i., confined to •limited UlIIl18~apc in fl'out amI rear. to th,lxLnks of the coulce on either sicle 311d ~k\

above, w,th ne';-er II glimpse of the .!1I1rl'Ollllcl­ing cnnnLI'Y. A mountain llIust be very highto be viaitne, n.t even the short l1isunce of II·milelJ, at' the Ritle, Bcsi(l~s tho:oe ll>lmell thGraud COil lee is notewort.hy 11.1 br.illg" pmh"bly, the l."rgel4t 01 nil the rh~y rivcr IJedR, I~

hell.dll·at the O,lutilhia rivcr, a1,ol1t milhvl\"hetw~ell U,e (ked BCllu a/HI Fort OldJIl\l;all(!and, hlwing a cuurse ~O\\th"'I\l'ltl'rly, .'n,h ilthat river. It is in,liclltr.11 011 H,me maps a~

the old, l,ed of the Colulllhla, which now plll'­suell a I"r"e a.nd more 1oI'1.UOIl!'l cOllrlllC· n.hl\lllriit to the \-\'e!:lt..- ,ft'rom wliat h:~. hccI~ I'l"i,l i:may not 8Ctlm anliM to SUOllllnn:t.e t.le t',}\Ographiea1.fcatlu'os of that porti'llI of tI,e 'I,crritory Iring EMt of the C"llIllllti:\ ri\'(~r, '"compri!\ing n prairie--le\'c1, l"ollillg :.lId hill,\-ha\ ing ... geneml inclinlltion from the Cl\",tern boull'lry to the river Dame.l, and tr:.':el"l'!ed hi 8everal rivers, deep anl1 dry wiltercouraos, and their numeroull tributlny r"i-incs.

lIP l'nE (lOLtMUU.

DlIcrtptton of Scenery of Marveloua Be~ut.yand. Uran<tuer-·a W1nW !'J JOUrQ&Y- ,

Th ,.. n"" ,& ..&a.e:_6.:,

E:JltDrial Wrr""VOlldon('e,W~t.LA WALLA, August. 10, 18~1

Ahnri~t. t'.Jirt~ !~ll.r!'J. ng(), wheu t.his !'Pilon'...·118 yOllIl,g: 1I~ 1:IVII~1.ntl~lI, ~ YOlllI!; th1l.ti it..­ua.vng('11 w,;'r,~, IIIl~lI''ltlucd! and nn .~igl1s '(," tliII,~lilllll.nJ few at.tell.lpt.l at ~cttJelllCI;t c"lIlr~ hI.iOllftn E:t.llt of t.he'Ca/tOllnrles; I jrllll"llc)'O!I 'Olil'~lllllrner fmm l'ortln.llrt to The Dal1tllt in nd1'lts,

pul1iug with IlJightltllrlmaill tlh.aitl.st the f{JI·itl"" .

doodll ot tile GolUluliia.. . 'fhen tli~re wcl' II"jlen.llIen t., tlo the worklt'lltd thp- :1hnr· It 'cn''1Il8c~rrt:11 h~· tI,e' hniul of' n1l\Q', ",'hilc tli"[nl1i,1.11 ~iIlIO('! was ~ very i,cqCIIL fcal'lI"', .nildthe I~lllg~ vf the t.rihes wen: cl.IIJ:1t",r~;! a~"lItthe tiahet1c=,;t' the C~~I.'Il, <\nlll\l~o at T",·Dal1o·. 11. WIt.'iA Iltl'i"'ing fel\l.me, ft.hOH'tlhl<'ltJenrJt to lSCU the In:linu 4i.ihcnll;\n l'l~Jing

uoill the huiling W;L t:ril ttl IllY illl btur~l.'rillh ff.ll' 't: illtN utle, with Ilpear 01' .!iCQCoIll Hl,t'\alllliug VII b·,IIIt; Itt.Ioll.itLt:j.\ rock Amid fUI Olill'wa~I"!I, nil.! swi.uging lQ _~h~ ~tlaw, ~vilo""Il.lted 011 1111~ Ill:lll\ .1l1u,lrc, the huge Ilallll{,h hI!ca.purcJ rr(J1Il t.ue stl'o.;alll Tht:1I nil I,h<.olltlI.'aa YOllng i,l c!\'i1izatioll, AIl~ J ,l.I'llrll ·lrc.""irt'lft 1"lIne AUJ 1-:"sLcru life, willi all tllo \\flrldberort! 1110, tr:LUfCITetl in a le..,.-, nlolJ~hb fmlllthe $dellc<l Of early c ,lolli"llue {,n tto A 111l.,.,tic 1I.1Id th~ ol.tC.llt dVlliza.tioli of th,: ('",uti r,ut'to a lawllllo.llll\\" t.hat.'t11O te,f(i"i of thu rCI' h!il:had Mean)cly tltrct.chcll to. ql\'er h. 1t WIL."after weclu of·I,.u!ietiuK th"i WO° J'c!'l;!Je.l tllt,'

Cucatle;l, IlrillkllUI' ill all the villion of IllbllU'ain ~rlolll1('ltr I\a we piils~,1 .Iowly I,y tAlk fnll'

r1t:rflll tillhl'OlJ, wat.elllug the fierce at ClU:i.:Allctlwe IUllde t.ho I"Jlg I'urtll.ge tlu:uu"h thu I eu­chanted i{,r",e, ,Q,lIn tbell jourlleY~11 Ill': tIll:'tt.I"OIlg IlIlt VlaclCi .b'el'llll aoovc t.he faUl! ill <I

.,.hle lxI' kllllf\rl flat ItO.'\t, WhOl8 bl'Ol\d I r:~ilW;.;II Ipread ko catch the IlIo.oriug t:hil\oukwinll.

. .- ....

VI:.UIT,

From the landiuJ; of t.he Pllgrun Fathers on'PlYJ!louth Rock up to the prc8ent day, thereJlr!Jbably h~ never been a country settled",.ith.ut ita ilulnerous .....-oakel"l 'Aho decla.red

.,that thtlre 'nuer would be any fruitgrOWli in that ..'OlIu.ry, \\'c cannot Aile ""hyth.• Palou.e 'CfJUlltl'Y shout.! be an e-:a:cep·~iOIl, }I'rom lIIen of experience we learnthat thia oonntry is e.pedally adapt.4K1 tof~it'!"ai.ill~. Some lM!:\&Ona we nlay expecta-pMtial fatlu\'fl of the fruit crop, hut failnr6fl",. 8I'opt h.py-..n. in all COU.lItriea, }o~or theraiaing of Bttlplel, peal'l, plums, cherrieAIUlt1 ,.AII'the Imll.ll fruits, thttre arc but few loca.li-

· tie. better- than this,. :MeB who h:\ve tra.elr.d the eOllllty o\·er ando~r again, ~nrl eXA~nillerl all localities, IlA,Y

~ that· fol' 'lrlll' gr'fJ'''lIIg tho whole eOl1l1ty It,, eq'uAlIy good, Of eOUfJle ~1I.pe.flAlld pe.'lChes

C&ftl1ot he WO"'n nlI suc<;ell,sfully on the hhthlartM as 011 SntJ<e riYl:!r Ancloll the CAlumbilltnear the molt tit of t.he Hpnk&ne, yet tbcl'e ArefT\Bny 8llelt<ored places where they will :'IIIC'e~ed;· API?leI, p<:an, plumlJ, prullell :1.11<1 cher­!"l~ are.entlrely at homc aU o"er the colluty.arnl JUl' the leMOns ar~ h.ter thll.n ill thfl \Valla'VAll" valley, we 80metiulell fMIca'jl6 frOllt WII1311

. fruit w:iII.bt:t injurtJfl therchy Wbflre the Ilea.,

.: eona are bArlier, .\o\:e wonlti recommend pllinting morc large·

ly ()f the wllll-knowlI and hnrdier varwtica IL8,there may Cf'llne Il/)me Winters that will kill·the more ten(tcl' fIOrt., For for"At trees, thcre

. ill nothing het~r blum t~e A8h-leMc'" Md.pleor nox Elrler. TIle White AlII, >'luger Maple.nd B1aok Wnlnut nre alm(,~t aM gOOL!, TheYellow Locu8t is Also vile uf ti'e bellt of f',reattreat, although MOine people ol,ject to it, TheSilver,leaved Alrh'r IS prohably the hl\rdifl8t.tree Of aU, and will grow in ll.lmOllt any IflC.,Ii,ty; nnd almOftt without moiRture, It is ea.'tily

. protecte(1 bllt Illll:kers- '"ully iu rich, mni8t.e:l.rtb, It can hc grown in the Ilryest Iloil DIIthe 'high prairieA ne..r the ('..ohlJnhia rival'where prohl\.llly no lither tret: will grow. '

As to the :t.Iltlfltahllity flf our climate to t.heculture of Ilh~p, it is, ~ say th,e Ie:ult, g-eJiI.Fl'Dm eArly 111 the Rprmg Illlt.il l",t-l.: ill theIt'all 'We have almoKt. eurllCSll vAricth~ of Vf!£:C'tation ",In.pte.l to t.he wantl! of 8heep, Thenwe ha.ve .the,hun..:h gra!'6 during thc ""holeyear; whlCtllS, not IInfl·t~':lIelitAy, a Inbstitlltefor hay, . For f"'at t.he gralls 8hollhl IltlClIlIlOhleMhcd or the ~now' lay 011 ·the ground f'IrAny length of t.tlll(:,. It is IldyiSlt.ble to prcpftreIOlne hay e\'err W\IIt.cr, loor the last threcyears it htL., 011 Y lJcen Ilel:~sary to feel! frollltwo to fi,,~ weck8 <luring the Winter, and the

Wll,LAl.(ETfRFAItMRR: PORTLAND; OREGON, FEBRUARY 4, 18&1, ,#'''==-='';':==='======~====-;'=-"''';;~~;;~;';~;;'';:;._-- ' ------' ...., ~---_ ......_~ -- -----------_._._~..._- "

"e:roeptSng wDrk auimals, no hot'8e8 are -fe<l .1:l.lJt, 1877-8, thcy kept. ·fl\.' on th~ rAftge tile. ~e b.»oac\ Coiumhil\ with fc"crRlrickcn iniilcr!'J- H~lclI!'J allel Rnillier ~-theNorth,wh()86.~OWY ,here, either' -in Sn IUlller or \\' inter, Itr IS el1lir~l. \Viutcr l\lld, p~scd thl'Oltgh il~ S,(\{),L Froin CA Hfflr~il\ fvp ita to-tllllO ~al",t J\I.,arGT~' they~ CI'{}\\'IlM lookell down l?1l ,the,. cbtu,18!ng. J?afIor•.

':,oWondci-(al hewht\l'lle&,f~d 011 hUllchgrn.8S,\\'i\1 ,:OIlIhh,'n. Onr.",..u1QtHlllarcg,lUcl-ally 11IIlltC'. . r:1 t!tl)'r1'; t'1 tl t J1' nnlll of thc lower nn:r wlJh 1I1,h~cnbaLle-1~ perfor.rq lI~ch jonmoY8:u1 a~ common hcre, - tlol tho ·Co.tJr~:,,·ohl a~,. MCl'jl[o, which Ileciu t,~ _we~e H'C', () , . c "m'O Ol~ t .4('e~ .1:1 l"f! mill" rtC;~llty :1,.1111 l>'J'alllleur, are ~lIl1hllt otr l)y the

'. 'l:&n-:o::diseM&.- iii -a .-tRiRS( ~lmoat lluk IW,lWII lie ~llmit'tl.l ,I)" a,laplej'1 to rhis climate, ...0111'. ad)ll C.1.hfmUIR, an,1 WI t II !Jl<JUIl ·111':\ te,1 II)' 'JI\ t'l'c;~chiBS' al'lIIs~of the ginllt. CiU'(::ides, -. No.. ·.OOong, hO!lMMi reiaed·ou hunch -(Q'!'4lla, IIha.wi llg '0"1101, whe-. l'ropel'ly l)'ropa~6\1 f:lI' mark: t, ia. ~r,8 .....-ild r~pul'-La. foru}, ,~le- • l ;1}P"'~' Cut.II:.I!i;~;· IIlnl.c ~hm'lIlIIlS alia' Ill'!,milling flietl1r~ cal\ be:' ',~he~ughneae aDd fit'l1ll1e8il of t.he te~ t.ure ur sc,,:olUl 1O uClnu 011 the P;wlfi'J XInrc- - SllOclk went' nl.ullll~,1ow:u~' ;i1l11l~'111 r rl\'~", l'I'lf:':, .... 1~l'c, ~ till'lll .the pJaclU, Jaudsenpc: and _Wil-ter,- '~&El, Another ado\'A!AA~ t1~i, might. he are gO.lIcr Illy'. hcalthv, nILhm:~h th~r6' II.re a- Blll'llt. l'i\1(U·... amI ot1:el~ '1~'!U~.1, .~I !~I !hc 1·"aclll':'8 o( the 10wtW:.,rij.tur:, ClIl,wllicb the g~ntl,-. claimed, iB favol' ,ef our 'hor!e8, is that of fllw Jlsca"'f'll III th~ cunllt-y, 1here III a move grellli of. the. guM lImltel'. llli1S Ct· ,lv.ttIlJll :.1l!lIlJlllIJor l:4lesno~y' ron*lJUJOC fOl'e\:ol..,-looklllg,':' weil;ht;;.wb\ph.. j!t I\.bQut teiu per cent. in favor .1I0W \>l!.itl).: Jil,lliu tu, t!Jlo,lip.ln. al~tl lJrcvcn,t the . Wa.l!J ...f . '.1Iu wil\l,,~t, - 1m ~_ . Ih., t;Jr.. t~t.. -Wits \\'.'11 aT",ofltl Ami tltst.allt -."aj~ty" from over<of \\'uhill",otel\ '~rritory horses· o\'er, t.hClie flll'tL.er l'Ipl'call of tho Vll!tta,giOll, , .I t is 11CCC8'. m~-icn.l Ill. c.UJ'1illl< l:\kaHII;I"". <1.11,1 .rail .. all· 1\.11,.{ Ik:yulllt hills alld '\lal1«Y5 an41. man,. intcr•

•f'ailea. in:tht! ·Ea.stern Statoll, :rhi~ teatlll'tl is sary -to keep. a Ile~t1f;1(' .. CUllril;;lll~ly wit.h. t hc PUI't."1SCW UJ I.e LlIlil t., . ,wd .. 1I1;"J",_ lit"l.L1C- \·cllill~ flI11g08, The fK:nMtAolls of tho soul are·alwaY" a,anl'prise ·to 'I-:u.,tem, m('II, ,""It1 whtln Rock. to prukc~ thew I rUIlI .wil~ ~lIilllals, .Qll;tut uf tho II P)1CI' , ,e'IUI, ll'y IH-:lillie. ;It fIllce soot,hcrl And awcll hy the £ar. rcaehill~

t,Jie aealea toJJt.flo sto~y, they look &lltoni6h.. d which 1I.1'~ fillite luuper~IVI, .C9l'otoll ~ll.d lYlix Ag:tiu I \\':\.'1 ""rll~ llP the l'i\'cl' 1<11 tloJ~ \\ ill! \'icw, mn.le sllblillle by brand based. pcau.. and aelr: .....~ tho weight 00.1I~! our answer andouud Oil t.hO; OJX'll lll'airit:Il, aud ill the J100t1 tidl!, all .I piercell the illtuiul' 'Ill 6;OlllC Whll,~e tuw~ring cresla anrl 1J11O\11d~r8 .~-e8r

is., "it i. in ·tho finullM3 -of the fibre of the t.iulhcl'eil cli:stricw tlwre ~I'tl wul\'es, cOllgar~ tlllal WolVC tI''lt SWI'llt {J\'CI' the IIwllutius alltl I'ClI~"1 of 81lQW that have becn wovcn hy ltormsaniml\1.", We Ilee he~,. e\'ery Itay, SHlnU alltl bcarlI, nut.th\f~ IlU'II11~18. do Ilot u'ollhlc ltllHclll allk u. \\'llt;rc JIfJW at'f:coudll'S-'i fal'I.18 hf an the Itgee ami nrc morc otcmal bhan thehorsea doing~asUlII~'bworkna large Ollca in t.he pruJlcdy hell.lel1 Ullciul. The ullual timc fill' ,11' IlIICI'III1t.ctl hUI'II:>, thl!; uUllCJh I!n~~ thcll ",l\dim:s, liut the llCeuc cht\.ngc8 and the in-

.'...East, and wit.h l{reatel' ease And lakty to lihead"", i:t frum t.ho Ill. to thc ~th of May, lIt'lH'e,1 .. al,I·I'IIiC and lUICIY'JlI"ot:'1. '1'" ..... I!.'t tLlld Lcn,~t cvcn iuoreues as "',c paal_. themaelvCII, 'It II "el'v seldoR} th.'\t we lee which ill about. tJltI t.iwle Il.ec.p havc JUlie vilb.:4cli \\'('I'l, IHIlIi!l!! to life~l,rO!ol'll\;ml .WI\S J:f AMO~O ':'Jrt MOU~'l'AIX",

, .lame bQre:e.frolft allY caulle, a.nd hea.vell, never, bUllhill~, Our dips ra/,lgtl frolll Ilix t8 t<:11 Il0n,l"piHI; LI,,:: gcrlll~ of Mo rdiallic ej\,)Jil.atioll II . pill f b It 1 ti f't d\'hia oountry l»eint:: 10 re('ently !!et.t1ed, 'we POUI1t1~ per helU.l, and we IKJllletilllCS filicl l\ -tilhe wa.'1·,lmwing the oIi!lti.nct.lille I.etweeu ere II! a Ar 0 asa.' ca~~, y ros An

" . cannot refer to a 10llg li!'Ji of ilIultl'ious per-, Itee..:e Ulliot. will.wcigh tw.«mty pouuds. ,1"lucks 1a\'fl;,;"~I'~'aud ft(,dety, Ar:tl I \\'itl~cs.~11. il: lnallY 111)1,,1, tlHI.t. llCa~ the IlIfc1ICStIOUIl UPJlle or·fonnancee: on the- tu~f to prove that in the arc k~pt.ucAr th~ large 8treaml ',llun,llg t,he l"II)'lICyll ~O'l, thc !llvw ltO\ d:II'Uh;ut of th~ fu·· J{otl~t.er Hock, gIven no doubt·Ly some en.rly

, future ttentlem~n fmm all :leotjoll8 of collntry Wint.ur, A.ft.er shearing tlwy aN.. dn\'en to I,UI'~, ua'f igator more foud of the grotesque' than,'. willlook·to EiIoIwl'Il Washington for horses 01 t1Ut IllnUnWII I'augetl wJlere tht! IC;lVeti alld A WI~'I"l:It JI'I·IC'U.T, tI I r \\'I t ' nr..

"fille'~ni,h l\lhl toughlle~ of fibre," 10 ellgcr- IJrWlh tire fl'~h. . t 11'1 1111 1 I lila. .H~ce owcrmg c I Are!y lOugbt Arter hy gentlemen -for roall and. Oue 01 the ..... iIJ!t!"L cpi~ .Icil o~ a :Iife that hC:lI.pe'.l. together furthlll" on,. one rockytcack nurwsc".. \Ve kno" of Ilome yOlln~ UP.A.LTU. l1.aa kllo,.'ll aOllle vll.l'ic\y RIIlI adn'llt!lI'~,"':1.1 SllUlnlit Itandl out in hoM rclief, knownh ,- H\-,' 'L' III rcg1'lI'd to ht'alth, Whitmnn n'nd thOllC I konce' III "lultlllRlJ C nUlty, In wnDae VCIR>I fei\lized to"..al'tfl tile c1VBU vf thc moat h'rrilJle a" 'ulpit l{oc. YoulIcr, on the ,Vash-

I 'I d ' of " cOlllltic~ I)'iug IIlIrt.11 allli tJMt, arc III' at. f:I.\'I'I"· , d deo,urh',"'tM royl' \' 1#...0 II.ll In allY IOSi:J

1ahly'locatctl, l\lalilrial fe\'crli llol'e 1 XI) :l'iCIICOlI ,~\'illtcr evcr kllOWII in thc N'JI"LI,WI'l!t,' when, 'llw::\on ~i e, we app~aeh the buLtrosse

mlgl Y' !'OttCI'S Vi to ulI.ve won renown, al1l I ' .',' \I"al B Df mishty Vrcciplce!'J, At wh(l@e hase,mMe.'their lIalllC" familiar whcl'I.wor tho Ell- by t lose uuly who were atl'ecteJ },"'IOI'e COlli' lettlrtlliucd to l'lilacll. 1I1Hu.e, 1. ll':l\'l:lc<!. OVO\' ri,.c :t.iry. plonac!cll, ami n.bove them forgHah hlll;;UI'~"U i" I!pOkClI, il,g to tIll.'! couutry, Tht! reasoll of this illl,b, 'me htlll,hc:1 l1IilUK OllllllCl\\' sh·),'!> to' t.J1l.l' Dal- !I,ilcs, ht,'1nll 'ffiouutainl that t\.l'e rock

viuus tu lliolle who Iltl.\'c hecu living !It;rtJ for I' I _. \'\ , . (.. '1'\ \ II!., Ailtl thcli llown thl' Cullllaloi. l'ln:l: Clll ,the -"I','nCC(' 111 rIll est ""H\pe9, \ e al'e sweep-

all)' tmg:t I 0 tllnc, IC ~ titll·!e is-Idgh, awl'I '( f \' , 'k "\ ,~e, Tl:c I1\Olll\trllll:l WI~rl; olr,1.}wll with 111\01'" illg past OIle of the'\Ilost 1I0tahie fe... tnrell ofIt! SUI' a('a 0 tiC cOlllltry IrQ en, W II " WI' , f

. " I L ' I ami evel',V (;:l.!l('lule (l't' f{JlIlIt,\intJlal, h:a\ICll {fOlll t,lIl.~ 1\'"n, c:- lllf.:l.h.x y Ilf mOlliltaill 8cenC8-uecupvall I,l C'·a.t.Cl 1\.'tlU )(Jtweoli two ~'allgf'''' II ( I I ( dr "., ,I' ~ u' :Iift' or ·w1l.11 l'i.·a!'J frCl~lI illto mure 'fll.llla~ti\o: 1,';1.1)" orn. 'ose unl er the ce 0 the wi eo Il\UlllltIUII~, wile rendcl''' IC ail' pure aii'I, .. . .. . ,h1'lne~ thnll tho Wj\tel'li a..",nll.e-d whca t !l''-' di!l~ li"lIIe velltUl'6I:I0mu wtruJcr ha!'J had thelIlno:cnatlllj.{, ,l{IVlllft Lo per801lS wsoll tq inhal· i' oJ '

''.'1l.IIl' ,lnwll II.t I~'ldorc." .Ho, it i~ wiLl: a cfJllmgcto ililprove II hcuch 01 upland, thAt thl:'ing & dall~t: allli illlplln~ ~tlllo8phcl'c a 8ImBL' , '( d( b J ' I 4'eallh of Imllt ;18'ul'iati('1I1l that J tr,~.\'l'J !t!lc lllr,unta1Jl has Orgl)ttCIi' t.o tread upan, ll.n

o ?OYllll.lJY ,\1\ \'iglJr nevcr cxpel·i.t:llc\'" .','" I ~ c J led, h tth<llnhtllHt:\lI's of lOw, fiat cOllutrlt'l. ill\' Iver ng:l.iu, aftul' an intol'\'al "I Jift""~11 yl;arft, p ,h:e Wlere a nome, g:u- cn a:n< orCIla.r t a~o tillli hOlU'CU I\. trncc left of the 111,lliUl ci\'not' "fftw 11 wMk COlltl·ast. to tillil ovcrl,\'helmilliwild-W1l.Wr ilj plll'c nwl clJl~~, cUllIing na it lloell fl'VII: , ( b •

I ' "\ ( . ,I' t1laa;\.Va~t'B tlI.otLilill\·I'I!, tho\!~"h tLIl 1'1\''''' 1ll.'9~ (I t '" lIurrcmll,lillgll, The,rive!' uOW8 by. Ie IlIUllIlL:UII rangcs un elth~r til< eo Ul:I, IIIsnch J:lhUlIllallC':~ thilt it. formJ:l OIlC of thtt chicl .Inlrcl:l, w I~'l! they tl",\'L'1 : t,e ,Ii.",nqit tl. :111,1 Umlllgh th~e t1ccnC!I, winding aroundf t ." \1 \' I f \' al\,'e, ;lrc, J:I" lilt.le dmuo/'(l,1 frum thc long ,I"H, l,u,gc hluf}'s null put hAlIAltic columns, look-Ctl. nru!:! LN eXCe clIce c ;\'llIlCI . or-t III C<Jllllt)'. ... .,., . \ \ .1.01 11.1'1'1 fll) \\'ilol alld illllccc.sillie ful' t1J~ lliu,~t 'cl t1l)Wl\ up0t! by IlIlIunit.!t ",h06e crowns'tire lur flIli wat.er, with a11 a most totl~I'l'"so~uce of gua los :uid 1n00000uitoe." makl:!lJ -thi~ al. .,,,n, that Il ccut'tlI'y lI\ay pal Ii ItIl\1 tlll: ,"~lIU-' U\'l·l'1n k thc c.ther't1 f, ,rlilllt (;Overed Ilidea; !lOWIUOIlt. a Para.Ii",,, to thllse whn~e 1It!l'\'ea han. -JnUOUI WOOf.!lI" IVlliain II.lth IiCiU'lJC a. <.:ha,gl!;, ;~lId lli,.u a ]lel,hly bei1l.;h or naapl~ n.ud alder-

. , ~'o\"(:l'e,1 5hOl'e colltrtLtit:.d wit.h the fOTeIlt ofOcell IhatkreJ I.y llhlll';nca, nllel tortnrcol h.r TIHJA Y, " "" I', d' H 'I ',' ,. ," T" I'" . . . . _ U'::! t.la rI.'\e a IOv~ alH uc)"Oll, ere IS A.

.1 Illll lall warrlurl. nd C IIl1.lte I!lll spe,~dl" My b:.t \'Il\~t to thnt I'C<;1011 w:t!'J III 1$(;;1, Vt'atcfalt that nnllrs o\·er a aheer cUff, feath~r-'for 3.ilfhul&· iii allY form.' Our Willt.ers arl' r-'II \·hl.'lI,1 tm\'c,lc.l n.1l corn'81"',",,11'IIt for ttC-:-t·I'lI.l ct,\ i,lIto a titreal1l of If-cay ere it re.'lC.hea th._nu I ~'IIIp.arc<1 with thoae or the r.;a~tcl·1ISlatC$ ill tne same latitude., alid M a rule, ar~ ,>rollllllcnt Jourualll aliI! \'I::llh.'ll t:u~ nll~illg I"'ISIII :It th?lIl1allf.1 eet below. 10,nder til

iree from dam\)IlC'8a. ' Th. SUlltlller IIl'l,ylll'an' • t . fl"O I IJ I A f Olllother, wilich leaps o\'er olle motlllt.'Un brow.. t':11 criJ 0 ..ascru rcgan alII . a w', ,t:\\' froiu. c1i:r.zy lJiJ,:ht, to rUllh through a ctuiyon

1I0t hot l\l'I,isu try, aDII t.ll.e nighta.are alway!'. yl'al'8lla.1 t.heD wI'~~lgh~ wIllIllcrrul 1!1Iprv\'o- all.1 make' another leap to re&Ch the rock,...'001 ~nd rerrealliull, tho l)enefita of which !feed I' 1'"

I d n..8', ,ut 110 cOUC~;:tIOU Wl1ll clIll:rtaim:d d ponl. 'hele are the 1lI0000t uc,'\,utiful falll ID1I0t)C welt uJlOft at length, i"evors 'of allkinll, ue rare, ellpe.<'i:\lly thOlle of a m'lligqant d,e neAr fo.lture when flgrieulllro8houltl ruisl.'1.1 \·ic'tl." though ..'e c.teh a glilUJl::ll.l or )fIany les-t 'Cb' 'f . f to '_, \ I d fl k I L_ SCI' st~allla t.hat make wild l(:a(15 anlong theype, t!fe la uo llOrtloo 0 count" w~to " ,Ilupr macy, ~,_ZlHg lere S An OC"'!Ie 1I101111talllll. \\'1'1 al'e penetrating t.he Vf':ry

the Rocky Moullt.,in, t.hat.ean ho.'\.'it. of a nif.Jrt· I h t.J I ltl f fhealthful eli_at/) Uan the Pale-'ne eOllNl.-)', l,ven away y Ie p ow, ant 1e:\l:C ,- ·na· 11I'art of the great mountain ranges, ami won·l'hi. fllct will he more ohviona when we tlakf' ::UI'e renuct the ..hewl of A 1l1li"CI·8tl.1 .1,&1'" st... 01"1' hy ""'hAt weary w"rk. of COllnt.le~1l a~e8illto I.'OJiailleration the lalJ(ellllmbGr of per.:fOIl8 rillle llilS "'l'Ougf,t tiUct!. change" 1'lJl t~ 11Cl;,OIl' :\1l.t IIrc toile,1 to make thill pRthway for the

I , ' t ," I I' ).;I"t'at-cst. of \\'c."tcru ri\'~, t1.lld cnl'ved 8uch'A'IO lave enllll(ra~l here for the belletita dle)' .na e lit. w IUI'C\'er )tiIlC I gnuu \I';1.\'c,1 illllllnrt.'t.l mOllumcntll "long itfllJonrse,might derive :'y l~villliC in R co~ntry wbcl'~ h t '11 th ' II 1 th 'health maoy be rt:illlDed a!ter haYing ~o~(,st 'I( CA, WI rlV~ AI we, IIl'tdlllllC c,~'\r, \\'hi!e we pUll (JIl thmngl.ltlhilf:'llm08tUJllJro. 'while re!liding in a less fn.v('lrM Irx:a.hiy: III a t.l1el IS true to the lat.tor, t.hat LUllcb Grass 1.;1'11 ~!1rlernel5s ()f 1II01l1l~1l loih.Dr~" ... the~very Il\rlie lIlajorit.yof CMe80 their most lilli- 1t>lIut(!1l the extollt.nf t11~ ·\\:lltJ.I:t J,:l'UwinJ;i re- lll~~lllfJ(:ent ateamer flWUjl8 wlt.hlD Alonesguiuo hopefl h.ve been nJorc tlu~n realized; . {lOll; t.holl~h of c()!Jrlle It. I~' h,tln,1. gnl\Ying lll!"ow olthe II~ ply Woor.lt"i hank!'J, a doe and

, oc.:;LIlt on WIld an,1 rocky -I>pote ....·llcro wjlc.1.t two f3,.wns beflld! hel' came, Ollt. of the forest------.---- '1I1tllre will not be At-tempted, . TO-ltay t wn 111"011 tile sll.ndv beach alllt 6tood lookhlJt at

~re t.hri ving townll, .vill.',;~twol IUlt,1 far...1 011: !Jill t Ilc. "c.'lIlt"I, a /....ct.ure of untir'" wonc1ermell& an,url In dalt:, ewer II Wldc I·cglon. whl're 1t:lt: ;It tll"t would IJve to a; o. I hey 8VOO .there"in,l t.b:1l whilltlcol p;:st thu IlI'lldi!l.\ol: lJl;1I<'11 t~; :\l;tonillhed t.o move, lIutiltt ~hout from the~rMII a.llli "': 1lI'~dit Cn'pl)e,[ th~ P:l...t\~n~, fl'hl' 1'~lI.t :<.'nt them I~UJhllllg: tl.ltelllgh the woodltrllhltf(\'l·IlI;'\.t.IOU I~ """"1111:l'ful·- -t.ILt'lI;;1i llO tpvr~ With ~l'al'Wl that told how lng-lit h~ll o~er~ome'.11&11 nil Hew rf',I.;I/llli'l lia\'c 1..'atv,~,1 ,-t1n,.ii.l·;'\.I}' :I,."tfllllhhml'llt. A mtJre <:IHlrnulIg -lncl1lent16l\t featul'C III·illg dIU fllett.IIM (0,' ~,ll Imlg tl eoulrl r.ot have bct"1l devillell to add altraction:lhC !OCUli'I'1I h",llitthJ I:olle"pti,in I,i the, re, ttl tb" ccelle,."llrcl~~ '.If the l''"111tl'y,al101 agn..:.rll uI'aliini ,Ie· THE ~AS(',\Dl:"l,

,;cyl',l till'ir IIClllttU,[" UIJ(O!I l1l11 .~.. il. l~r,"lillihf!' Bcfore we reach the port~};p.:, III the ven'-h"IlI.~c1\l"j ;;l'hl'l'"lly tl' tho 1"J\','r 1",t.tQiIl~, "....,Mile tlht ridll,,,t llal'\,c,,,tll' 11;1\'1) I"'ell ;,,1 111101 ;-:li,l::·t of the mountainll \'allge. the northern\POII t1w lIjI1nn·}iI. i .~h\lrc!l reccde Il.nd le1'l"t: n rieep wooded· hay,

\'IE\t~. M.rtsn '1'11" f:.1""H. I IH'!Il thc Ctntrc of whkh rillCI Castle Rock, a, '" ,. .

. The ::\'av~ntion C'.'ItlI'~1I1,\" 11,,1\' r,fr.,l':~ t.~ the Iwolldm'[nl fcntllre, for itA lIilled ..eel~ Precip.;nweler or t ,uri:<t dclig:,tflll fat'itli~s;, i:'tfing it<l\l:<, though "haply, Itlill it" Illllllmit, with'''1''':\11 :~ 1Il1l.J.:lliliir·l·nt ~t,cllm!'1' lit lli.~l,t V'l' vc. li,.,~ ol'fJ\dllS on shdd,llg hights and occnsional"1\)' II mol'c thfllll'lltllr'orLI,,," "t;\'c'-rl,,;m, nul! c1t!ft..~, towcrs' ncarly 1,50(I'lcct. aoo\'e the

.1.. brc"akf~'<t·"l~l1 ill tl:.:l lIi;H·lIl1i.~ tll11l th~ Hr. woorleol phlin: . EV611 in tUa'1>eclI!ingly im·,'''')' 1:f»llllli'lh:Ct!; t.I11~ 1111at.hall pa.lisOtI f)'(J\l thc' 'llt'lll\trllhl~ wildll"SS there tU'u.sctt.lemonts, for\ r ill:ulletltJ ltl H'" I" oddc'!' nor"1 of tllt; ('t. ilIl\: . 3.' knilorl:tl post !Office hear'll tho 11l\me of-'Ia i!lld ~ ho,'ll'se \~'Iti",tlc alllltlpllt:I'S tlil:'! ap.:; ! ',a"tle [{ock, LnIl!lin~ I'll ~ 8.')ll(ly is;ill~l, ~.et l'l);ldl to \·lltlCOIl\'lII'. Tlll>ll~h it ilil }~,I1['nst i·:h."11~e lo cI\lHfol'tnl,lc cal's ~Id soon /rio, .l!,IX

I ' ',' , ~ I"lllc~ to lhe Upper Ca.'it':\d~, :lit the Willie- 11'1 n\'t1r II ,nllllllnlg tllI.wlth tllG llm"ls that with alwllpt dills in \'jew, t()W~rillg l'a,"('1l8 all\l.,nnlly Ilper~,1 1!;~lllll,·h'"." In ,11m". Fron\ 1111 ;ulHm,l, Lhe IlIa,l !'i\'CI' nt tillle8 whirling intot.llc l"tIIr::C~ "~ ::"Ir'"tall:~, rot,dlll in:,l g"ulb of f";~1i\ II'" it. di~lle$ ovcr hllgt: hO~\'I,lel's ill itaUtah, l\.lI wdl /I .. thD.it.! of 1)I'C,,:'OIl all,J \\~.,h. 1,IIlIlSl'~ to "'·:l.d~ tlte lowcr-l.13"cl: 1 h:t.,:e beell, ..', f.,I.1 t-Ilat thcl'c III a fall of l'lglity f"ct Tn thelIlgton, thc JlIlOWt! ur M. \\ IIIll'l', 11IclcJllIl'IItl l~· Ihe llIilt!-i. Thc (':18C:ll1tl.::l l'rnpcl' are \l"ol'l.h}'lJIl1l,.the \It''lnlll'): lIf lll,l~1 III' ;;',II';!':;", an~ !~t.ilI :<ecill;!. \\'11(:11 llirst 1}''1:i8,·t1 hC1'1l mall,)' IIIJian~Ilelllllg :11:11 lI~wlhg. til"; 1'·1 t h ' . f ",'\.. ITh~ I J':';l':\ wc!'c huilt Ul:K-ll tilt:! Ikildlt~s or the shore,ih'll'I:;;,IlI'C ~tlll ,I,.1tll!IlIIl~.fllli, i:ll'~I3"h! th'_ ;!1I,1 tn-day, as we gaincd l\ glilllJl:,;e of thet\at...·!' l!l fall,w;,;: I,~!aillh: :t1t:IP :I, .. ,.....t, :I\l!! j thu I"i~'cr ktllk, WI: to;),\\' a sulitary Si~\';)sh fishingnw,.ullJ\l'!:\II.1d' ICltl'."I:::l:lc.;lI·,'llIdlltl~IIICU!':,th WlllL;I >iCOOp Ill'll r~l}jll a Iicu.!Tnl,hng III<loIe of1l.11 ,11l~all ~ !>CJl. I III ",.lo,t-I· .",,11' ;fl'<. d;ltl)' q,I'IIl<t 11l,1e.>; that Iop..lIl1lCII :I,. fissul'c through which,'1lI',1 l;1:':S:> ':Ull~s I:1.I.t t.11 C,'It::y of tll~ .!1111.l~I It·,1I! ilJ' ti',).wII t ~r 1'I1She8 with I~iIII i 11 iIi h~d fOI't.'C, One~m r'l" ul,lIl) f,lIll1l'rt\ 1~,II!'\I!,I~"l"I'" \\ ~H;... t \,f l.h~ ~1I~hl~l\I, II,!; lit 1'1'1 IS tht: LlocJ,; houscwhereh~ Sc.:lu'cn ]:;11,,\\'11 • ':1':\,' a pl'lIc1ud; thc gl'lll1t t;:-cut.r-Il\'e )'C1lI'fl ngo Hhorilll111 aliI I a IL'\lulflllwlll:;ct liultls ~,f till: \':.Il.IllIt,ttc L:<\'t! 101:'1'11; I~ft ..i ,.~)I,lil!I·S wel'e '• .;."t!igCtI rur ~ays by 1.Il)l;tiie1...1,111,1: till:: Itlll,n;,; al'l' Wt,n; 1, .. 1 \1 Itil IlU,v 1I1'~IJI" Ill,llitll>l,iU,',hc"li.>ltnllce;[G.1lt1 tll'·r'(,HlI"l.~) .i.~ '~Illy ~nul. _ THE MII'OI.); RI\'RR,ua y 1lJ1lI,'.l" n:1 "CIUI'1 1'10111 It.i Wlill Stde,-, .,!lut t.hi!:! I'c~inll_ h .." :l\'ar n::Il'kl't tl~at it. .Hl.':!' hit.' alHlllt . lifty nnlet ~Lm'e Mle Ca~cl\lles110 CV~'ll.~lt~lil t. nl1l1;1 ~ ':'!,:;.'~" 1,1';:1.1 tl t h·: 11If' ~ uf. I' t h.e ri \'II I' flow. 'i II if"! IYt ': r" .11~h I~ :UI ti fII 1.1U1l1 Ill'All l. II, 1:~lll 1'"'( \\1 .IIC .1, "\Il1'; tl", \'all,y ta.lllICt'I1(',ry, hilt IIUlI'V:;lI(11,tlllllJ; tho wII,!lIC=.-SlalltiK bduIli1 :t.1.11 b~"l·llIIg 111 1l111"lI" tbe 11-111' I I (" k"l t "... ' , ", ' . 1l.11, Io(I':lUII'III', IUIt' allV ,. 101'C1l1al' ~ c l'111 8l~ppI'()t\enllhl 1'611;:(,.,,; l>fjOll till, fllutlnl/;: f:rllW, '. '.Jlt·c(·illitoU1J; !lll':: allll ltlllltllt I' I,Hiut IIf IllJl\llt\' that :lUnch t(> tho Iliwer stl'cnm null ItllIlllllll'

Hilt BOISY. A~II S"UlU~ J.:.IVlo:ll, \ I .. .. . I '1'1 II eVe vJlC1j 1\ grll" !JIll 11ll\:rC>lt; the \'ic\\~ of tal II li lurCl:!. lerc 11I'Q !I"Ill" !lctt ':IlICH~, hilt\\'hcn ci\'ilizntiou C1t.1II6, It wall borne lip Mount Huw t.ILlit'. were .~tllllrH'llillll>', :ulll of .st, thtl lIi1ual \'it\w is 1\ wild natumlllhore that hat

CA1'TI.Y..

I, Thi"OOllULy, RI, a SUTnlllflr range. h~ 110

., .upeHor, D~lt·tI,$ a gencral rille, llDmG PI'O­

.' ';Y~lIioil: fIllI.at ~)e ~Iallo for feecling cattle' tor a., ~hoJ:t.tillle duriJ~~ tIle winter-!iav frolll tell

· daYAa.to tJil'ee or foul' wceks, Cattle 0.1'1'1 I'aisall!:ter!';a' .c·he.a.p, If not tlwaper, tlu\1I iu .. ny

,oth!lr part of the WCl'llCI'Il,,:vlllltry, Cattle n.re~ot.. ~llbi~ct to clillL~ diliea'!l'!lJ iu tlli!:!,C9u~t.'y, Thc)' gr.iw l'apillly :uul are ht for,market ~l!e~ two or thrco yt:a.r8 old. ThebU.I,I~h c:rasl, wb.ich ~holl"",ds 10 thii country,ill e~II13~ltly Btl:'h pruJudll~ foralie, .an,1 theboo( ~iIIe.d £rom gra.s" of this species iA muchmO.re pa~.e:ltLle al!tJ jll icy than frQIIl any oLherA~~ of wi1~ irLU. Iu fac" it i. equal to~f fa~t-ell~ ou _gr.il.ill, Our catlle markAsate \\'elitt:nl Waahillgloll, Ore;;:on, CoJorado,

.. _Nebt+'1lf..a alld Kalllk~. Quite a ilumber nteal80 4.ilSwsa~ of ill our townl: Durini' theSpring and early SUlIlllllilr mflnths,partiet fromthe Ahoye 100003.lities vil.lit. t.his section or coun­try an,1 bu)' b,r~c ball,i:!I of cattl. which t.heydriYe to the EA.s~!ru slope of the Rocky moun·t..,ins, where thev art: hcrrlerl until winter,then fc.lll.lhl f:l.tten~,1 fur mil.rke' in the eadySprjng, M~IlY cattle that are r-doiseJ here findtheir way into t.he Chicl\go, St. Louil andtJlen the New York .\Jarkew,

.WUJ.AMElTE FARMIlli, PORTLAND, OREOON, 1'RIlR6ARY .. \881. ,

not been invaded by the hand of man. Orad­ually the mountailUl gl'ow bare and dwilllile t;Q

foothill.. brown and gt'M8 - covered butdestitute of timber; the acenery ie Tugged,..·ith cliff's and hilta; occasionally there ia roorr{,If" farm, but not inviting or attractive kODe whose "81 have te ently f9Mted on thehomes, fields, groves, orcharda and harvestaof the WilJornette valley.~ the afternoon wanes we reach DallE'.'!

City, .. busy town that trndes with all exten­sive reRion and Ittand. sentinel at the gl~te

way of the Oelumbia, the first champion womet of the "upper cOIJntry,ll 'Va havf\ reach·ed ano4lher climate and Mother petlple. If itfJdying citiaena "ba.bble 0' green fields" at thisseaeon of th, year, it is of those they haveleft benind them. The Washington shore hi'<rock ribbed;" a 8tmd island is in the net"·view, rocky bcnchea form tile backgrnlllul ofthe town. and ite busy strcets al'e guiltle~s ofehMe, though there are ploos",ut home spots,further back. The whistling winlla COlnuloaded with drifting s~nd and Natllro'stle~ola·

tion gOO8 hand in hllll.d with Olan'l'l pl"Ospedty.fqr The Dallea is • thrtfty pIa' e CLnd hfts allenterpfising population, while beyond therocky near ground Are hill$ that tell of l'ecenthll.rveata and homes that ha~e hearta to wor·ship in them. ' .

Our day's journey has taken I1S throughTaried and wOl'derfulscenery; frolll the "wellfoot" climate of the fair Willamette to thl.dry regione of the 1'I·:deinterior.· We have fol·lowed the rivercbannel throngh grand moull­tain rangel, and now are prepared to realizi'what,reat variety Nature Meumes in disp6l1s,ing bleMmg. to man. .

'I'H& DALl.E8 or TH,& cot,UMDIA.

There is a glimpse of me.and pl'Oflperity aDalles city, but. the ptolpect would not bein.epang to a poet or landscape painter whowanted foliaiJ$ and ricb coloring. Hore WI'

take can, 14' miles, tor Ollila, on the portagi'road &round The Dalles of the Columbia. l\

weary ride, relived from monotony only b)'the glistening river thtLt had 'car\'ed its bellthrough ae drellry and barren And God·for·saken a region ae d~lation can describE.-.EYerywhere &1ong the river are ehifting sand"that are continually ewept by tile waHiuJ,:windll and Are piled in wastee that. look like I.

petrified.ea. There are a very few oases.where corn grows a.nd gardens are planted il.the bottom, but the scenc ie uiunHy precipiCtupon the South, rh'er and sand and rock}chasm. in the near view, and heyond are throcky shores and bilitra of Waahin;,ton Terri­tory. We rush And curve along un<ler th.bluff with dust and sand filling bvel'ything.Ai l&."It we reach the Dalles proper, known &:

the Great DaUee, where tile swolen rive.rages with a fur)' that i3 graud and magnili·dent beyond descrip1ion. .

At low water the channel i. CO!lfilu d to r,deep chum on the Washington siile, 80 nar·row that I haTe a'ood on the Oregon rock(Ian l!IPl'ead and worn into fieeures allli rOllgl.and rugged in all respects) And have throwIIa stone from cliff to clitf that held aU therlwae of the great river, hut it is laid the nar·row gorge il!l Almost- bottomte81S. Now thlwate... are spreading out far, and wi·le antinl8h thr,')ugh with fearful velocit.~, (Llshinfo~inst the hidden rocks And throwing 111here and ihere fountains of an~I'\' llprny.They seem .0 send wave. in llquadronl'l towute themeelveB on th~ rocks, and no\\and tben one foami~g «:rest seems to gathelfor the fray and rUllhloll past all the othcr~

apeods itself io wasted foam. It is woudcr·ful to watch this elemental war'lmd the 81ghtpay. well for All 'he dust and desolation w(encounter.

Time wu wh-en thill fiahing seasoncalled forth IhOUlJt\nds of ludinna wbo campedamong the ~lefta and ledge& anrl fished fOIsalmon to dry ano. lay up for their wintersuppli~, bu.t the red man's day is almostover. Here we still SM a remnnnt (,f trilJesliviDlJ in squalor; tbe~ is the lodge eompOlledof mat;,erial indescribable by words and look·ing .. unkindly as the nature of the surround­ingB. Women and children are nQar it an,lnot far off is the tillicum with his scoop net·,watching for the llalmou &8 they '"tempt toascend the crevQ8"" Ilmong the rochs wl'ere h~is stationed. •

Celilo is said to be an aboriginal term thatsignifies "the pl:ice of the winds," and theywhistle 80 tha.t the light cordage of a steamersflag·atag repeats the lItormy tune. We roundanother "Cape Hom" tLS we tLpproaeh it. l\ndpase the foaming waters of the Little Dalles.1I0t far below. The steamer HarVt'st Queenwas a very pleMant ...efuge from the howlingwind. and whirling sandl'l and a delightful ex,change for the bleak anrl hArbarouslv roman·tic shores, And there we' slept unhroken untilwrnetinle before day, when the sound of trlln·:lling trucks was exchanlletl for the clang ofthe engine beH and rapi.l stroke of the sternwheel. Looking out, it seemed all if thesteamer waa aftoat among the shadows. Theriver was &8 black 18 ink, and the gray hilll!land l!I\mhumed, basaltic cliffs on either side,w'lrp.lik" irregular wnllli that hemmP.d III jn

with threatf'ning allli indilltinguisbabte black·1l~1l8. But I have been throngh thl\t portionof the river in the light of day and know tlul\it is wtlll worth seeiug AIltI:WCllres 3.llUil",tion,There is not a thing of beauty, vit!well irll.nany point.of effeminate 8entitlltmtaUty, hut iti3 f!:rallllly tle&l\tiflll from the rollUlItlltAntl·POlllt from whieh 1l'1\11 compels' And cOllf}l\flrenature. The .hore3 Qro \'ariell at CeUlo hythe jUliction of the Dcschutes, which ill walledin by ita S6pRmte canyoll, tLlId up awaYIl is therailroad hri.lge thd spans the torrellt.Soon we <XIme to Hell Gnte, A vel'itnhle ter·restrial inferno where the wa.t(lr~ divide, nlHIthe rh'er Aecms to be IO!lt Il~ It whirls alOongrockll tlult bar the way, and pal'll. i~lanlls thatare 1II0re inh08pitl\ble thl\.ll the CI';lh'l'l whosetltratas of chnuging hMlllt forlll the shnn)M. Itill :J. pretty lll~ef>, spealdng frolll an eMtllCtictltandpoillt, 901,,1 nile ftl~h~ tleeide,lIy better,/tlltl with a melllory \H'rth Vl'(IS~I'viu~ as "A

joy forevet," will)" the pallfla~fl of lIell nateis safcly madt:, e\'I~n t.hough Jo:I.rsiulII, is lIotyet within dew. Johll Day rt1pill~ 1\I'l.l a. ptliutof iutere8t, ,ulIl br.fol'c I"'aclliug tlJe"e we pnll~

a I'l'i~ht·lookillg vil1nge, cnJlel1 COllllllhus, onthc W;'8hington shortl, the l~lltrCp'Jt fur theKliCkitat vaJley thnt lic~ O\'er the hills to thenorth. Thel'e is a lIal'ruW strir. of Rallrl &1111soil under ihe bluff t!IAt is lUal e the most of,And t.he oldest inhabitant nm",t have pltLutc.I,All ••rchar.l, for his home WlUl hhl.leu !ly tl'ee~,

and tlley appered loaded with fruit. an rn"''1iiill the dcsCl't. In the hmuh'ell IUIII tell Illilt~s

from Celilo to Wallul" we ln3y hl\\'e 1I0tict'll A

l101:en l'anches alollg the t'iver, alltl tile l'hatfreqnently wllistled at uuinh:ibitc,1 Illnccs,Hlll1put off gOOlls 011 sRIHly ahoreli whelsO c1e~ola'

tion WM llll\;rokell ewell hy the l)l'eSCllt~e ofgrAzing herd!l. At ('lie place hUlUlJ'Cltl\ of bAg!of WOol were waitin,ll shiplRellt wi.thout II.

halliht.le sign within vicw. On the Ore·l!r)ll tIllle. lIearl, a IlHlIJred milC8 up, wasIll.

TOWS or lTMATtU,A,

StArin~ at, a "acaDcy with itA hAmlful oflonesome 10lJk-ing housM. .For· oVt:r a hUll­

dred milel'l this WM all the' evitlence ofciviHZl\tion, except thtLt ob the (Jregoll sidcthcre were partioll of railroad men, with mall~

camps And .....orki ug tilJlI&lle in n~t.i "e operation;otherwille than thi~ thenl WIM olle unbrokenflc,ne of desolAtiQn.

Above Johu lJAY'" ri\'er thf! shores of theColumbia gradul\lly 10fle interest, for thltll'enrine8:1 hfo\..'Onu's monotonoul'I, and thl-ihoms loee the abrupt.lIess ihM made ·theil.lesolation alt'active.· At last the II ills. thatare at times d.-o by and very much lIen.nICtt',mtl furrowed in their brown, h:J.re ateel>ne88,l-ecedc from the shtlre. al1! replace.' hy lelltMUoncs, an.l the)" at last t1iMpPf'.al' an~ t he alld>'ih"re ill low nnd I1nill\'itjug, olily II(oW AUIItht·n gmcetl by 'l.illows, Alltl the prol'lpect i~.

olle bare. barren rellc!J in tLU ~lirectiotls. 'lhlrailroad workers cOll~Hstecl·of 1,000 white n,elland 1,.,00 Chinese alld their line (If work WIV

close to t·lle ri\'~r'15 edge. The, oft'l'tlt'unin@campa, workiut( 81junds with ehovtlllS rNp.in. 8

c10ruJ of du~t, tltf! cnrts alld SCI1lPI:", bUllilvengaged. were Ute eoustnntly recnrrin,:,footllft,)f Intercst, inteu.si:k·" by the frt.'ljueut aounel--nt tiulCI'I near tllfl thell far otf-o{ the rlls·cha'rges of giAnt pow.ler Were heard, likethe ~_'h ;e~ of a calillonade, makinr.t a l'OlLtlw3Vthrollgh the rocky poillt!l. \\' e aCe Afew hor·dell allll e:lttle, bUt scnrctl A-IIY shecp. Thf!hills in l'light are tnrmy of them III\Stl\red WE'kUlIw. ali,1 we /llso ku()w that. b.'I.ck 11. few n1i1efofro,1I tl~ river are lltock rMc!l~ au, I farmillg,Iif,ltrict.'t, allfl th"t. 1ll'''I' the tlult.ant moulltninl'the "nee ,..... il.Jt:n:' l'I8 i~ thickly peoph...l, neilwith hAr'fests anti 11M hlotlsollle.llike tile rose.Mut a.long the J(l'eat ..hel· the 8Ce.tlf1 ia "r..ar~'allli mOllotonous. OCCMiolJ~lIy ~e fiml Cht·lletle camp!'!, kllo·.ln hy t,hcil' mntting walls.alltl we see tht>Jn IIlwign.tillg thr. river in "II

c1ulllsy way in ullconth h'mh that they \tileto!(O inm. CtLlIlP to ca.mp, for along the samlyshores therc are AA-id to lie Ilbout forty C.ltnpll()f Chille-!le eng:agcfl ill wa...hiHg the ri\'er Mll.--tS

for golol. tL1II1 illllkillg WAg S at le..""t, or' they"'ould lint work. Since Illy pa8:!age the gl1l'riel'S have heen rlllJlacetl by tht': tl'",ck·laycrll,wOI·kill.'( from each ~nd, a,·d 800n they will berlone, and the l!celle will revert to· del'lola.tion,except when somtJ pa!lsiug stetLmhoot or ci"m­Ol'OltS train sWl:leps !ly to give it a 1I1()JnclIttLryawtLkening. Ahove Umatilla the hills a.~ert

thelllftc!ves Agaiu, AnI) l'row upQn tile IAf1senpeuuti! we llIeet towcring hlum) 011 cither "ide,W,'08c sidell llJ'e lAyered with different strat,flof hMalt, \"lloryin~ ill color, or sltlHIl'< .rn-ther,with llome of perfect COllllJlllar forlll'ltioll, Ilndothers 1I0t. Un 'the Iwrth Ilhle t,he c1tJft lll(llm·tnin we' sa- slUlope;\8 if Nntllfc'!I 1,311ft hlldcan'ell thereon fea-tures I'otro,,", tl hom thcEgy!>titLlI S/lhinx. The view itll'till filler,look·ing la:ck, rom ~yond Wnlllll", hec:U18~ itindml6ll on the South lL lulllor bca.lIalUt thatsUl.nrll't up like a re.lo11ht, on top of whieh rilltltwin pilltlrs clllletl the 8isttJrll, "'hile ti,e ridgethe.v rcp'-I'sent 11M a ro..:ky, ragged crest, thA~

is o'itiineiol llg"ius"tTIH: HUSKY lIACKOROUNO

Of the higher range beyond, 0111y twelVl'miles ahove Wallula is the junctioll of Snakeriver anll the Columbia, the one IIwet!pinl! upfrom the South and ttie othnr fl'oln the Nort.h,nll.l at the low IIhore 4' til_ f'ltl'linlJ\dAo is tbe

prtlllent termiri.lls of the North Paoi&e Railroadatld the town of Ainaworth. The town isnothillg to speak of, neither is Wallula, twelvemiles below. All these river towns are mAke­shifte-mere plA-cea to land and get away fromasltOon as wind and tide or steam will permit.They have a man.defyiug and God-forsakenlook, alllt arC'hiti<tcture hu not reached them.Arhorieulture is unthoullht of. the gt'aces cau·1I0t.live tlH~re, and tJle finly tbikJ,l{ of har,nonyth;,t coul,' exii'tt wot\ld he an ¥.olinn hall'thnt should ehriek to the mea811re of illeWilllh, fOI' tile winds rave ahout thb8e riverloW1l8, tLud I cl~tch my thtlught from the thrill.illg 80UI",ls t1hat COme from the tt:legrnph wires.I 8I\W AiuswArth in the night,' allff proBpeetedtho flnn(1 dunefl where ibJ few houaes amI sev.enll milrtl8tl track" are l!IitUtLtetl. It ie a. busyplaoo. IIollct l!O civiliMd. th",t no liquor is soldthere. thanklt to the prod,·ncc of the railroadL'OIUPI\IlY. ItII vresent is limited to the exillencif;!1t of the hour. The .ound 01 whiningKaws can bc h· a II Cllttiug up by steAm powerlog, of fir that haTe beeu driven down theYakimA river for many a mile and with intin·it;t, sktll, for which pnrpoae men bTed to thetradtl have he~1l imported, and otlly for \hasbeing succe.fully accomplished, the eompMlywOIlh! hAve a haed time of it getting timberf?r tiell. bridges, hlmb~r and all. other \l8e4,

for there is no forest '.ithin ita fellCh' untilthe rO&ll shall clirqb Qut of the desert. andreach ihe wooded .lopes' tOWArd the Coeurcl'Alene mouatains. Such is Ainsworth, and.lIch the shores flf the upper rivers, for when wepMll th~I'M&lticbluffs that. confront os helowWanula, we open uvon a 10llg reach of lowlying: sh.,res. Ai Aill.worth the stel\merlJ48~l to thtl rig~t. and turns up Snake river,for .

,OWHCO TO RAPIDS,

There ie not navigation for any ~t distanceup t.he ColuPlbi.. and if there were there ialittle in that direct't1n to freight down againto I~eet- the world's necessity, ,,!hile for ahundred miles np Snake river there are laud·inS' when thoUADol!J of toOl of ..lIMt wtll

,aoon wait transportation to 'he sea. Wallul&ill :\ ~eat shipping point, and a1\ove, at Snakeriver, Are "'arehousea and landings wherethOllMllftsof farmers hAll1down t.heit' products,generally wheAt grown 1IoI0ng ihf'l Blue Moun·taill8 to the South, where the fertile beltroachE'1I aloTfg for one hundred mtlu through";olull\bia collnty alcine, wh!le to the Northare the rich fields and increasing producta ofthe wi.le ud wOlldttflll Paloulle region.

• WALLA WALLA, Au~st 24, 1880.Thi. plllCe is 'reAched bY<$ a narrow-vauge

railroad about 32 miles long, that connectsWallula,on the Columbia with the rich fann·ing region that lies cJoee under the BlueMOlmtain.. Wallula il!l a miserable lookingap ,t, that owee its en~ importance to itaavailAhilit.y ae a landing place for steamen,whit~h led to the coustrucaon of the railroadtwo y, ars aso by • weMthy and enterprilingcitiaen, Dr. D. S. Baker, an enterprise that&4.11~ed nothing to the im~rta.nce of \VAlh\l&,bill. great·ly enriched the projertor, who il oneof thOl'le men und« whol!le .IDUI pulati(·nll thecomUlo~eetthi~YP' in life some "'3y turn togold or Ita equIvalent. YeaMl R.go he drifted.&gI\inst ihe ~Il'rcnt, up the Columbia, becamea l,ank rand Ia.ntl mOlloflOhet and.culHlinatedhis C&rf"Cr by building' the shtLbbie.t rAttle·trap of a railroad. that Wall ever n)ad~ A-vaila·ble for commercial u~s. Ii climbed overrittgee it ought to have golle through; itlsc:·.«>dule WM ouly to be followed when thetl'Ain Wal!l unuauAllv,light, but "uch AI it \\8S

it held the grolUid against tbe world ~ndcArl'it:d Awav the whea~ frOID a rf'gion thatWlUI pl'udncti\'I', and ill Mid to have ea~ily paidfor itl'lelf in one )'eal"s Op~rl\ollOn, which milo)'not he lItdcU)' true, but is not:. ifllp.'Slible. Itcoin,·d money for lhtl doctor, alld when hefound it aUvlsl'hle, to sell out to the Ol'egonSteam Naviggtion Compa.ny he did 110 to greatndvant·.ge, Thill ro'a-d, under new DlAllage.ment, hIM het> I greatly'improved, the gradesmen.led, tl'e l:'nck gtn\'elerl :J.nd relaid.

The Walh Walla r;ver empties a l!Imali8tream at 'Vall ilia and threads the tmr·roullding desert with a braid of green WillOWli

and sOliletimes tIo oorder of grass that OCCIl·fliullt\lIy widens to a.·''IIeadow, but except the\'er.lllr~ thnt follows the n'lorro", bed, and that80tnetimee fades entirely, the rAilway ....:inds011 among greu"'1Vool! plalllll and ba.rren hillsfor many miles directly ~3St, though OCCIl­i'tional ea.ttle may be seen croppill.foC the scat­terilUr hUllch·gr.'8ll; but a few miles beforerea.clliuK Walla \Valla the l'light of f"rllls K'ad .den tile eve, evcn orchl\rds are to be·~een.

me~(lowl!l imd gar.leos ~llIile Along the rive,lIud we find that we He entering upo tho ric:,.fcrtile helt tha-. skit·t!t the Dlue monntn.ins for200 miles. and gi\'ea illlportanco to the heautifill town of .

W ALI,A 'WAU.A..

Thie place }.as a bu,,:n 1\8' qUlU'ter th:it isbuilding up suhstantially; tile streeb arewide, and in any ordinary S"""OI1 are throngedwi\i\ country teams ~nd even with pack train.,

tllOugh they are not near 10 freqaent M whent"e llistf' .• t minin.e; region. had to be .uppliedfrom here. The plain on which 'Valla W.lIais located il'l nat.urally supplied with wah!'from the apreading branchee of Walta W•.II.rivet; the l'esi<1en0e8 are manT 01 Cbem qlltecliarming, andlOrne even elegant. Tbe quickI'loil responds t'l irrigation, and ·where wu0'igilla1ly a treeles. plain DO.W are heautifulstreets and clnstered homes, all bo..ered inhy rapidly thriving r.plars, maplel, hoI(eJderll, or JOCl\ste, whi e oCcallionaUy .coitoo>woods, or rtLther balm of OileMs fiN" t-idlthe little streams. The plAce II attractiveaml rapirlly thriving; hae manr stores. lof. ofminor shopa, husine8ll estahllshmentl of andegrees, including three banks, some really~ooJ. hotels, three lh-e newspapen, ORe ofthem a aprightly daily thAt ~Ives the lateetnews in brief dlsp&lchea, and In general tradeand popu lation.il!l, and proha.bly will remain.U:ae moet important poiut in the upper counky,

.bccaulle tiJe Oregon Railway and Navil{8tionClompany (that now controls all ttansp?n.tion.by steamboa.t or railruad. on the Columbiariver, and abo the Steamers to San Fn.nciacothll.t are 1108 tine &8 any that ftoat the ocean)feem8 to iutend to have Walla 'Valla .. thecCIUcr of its railway system for tbe''eoti"' op­per rl'gion. So Walla Walla hal a goodprospect for th9 future, and aetim"flro•• witlspread more l\Ild improTe and bMutlf" untilpmhAp8 ita poplar linea and variou. ahadfl'trtCfl will make us forKet the dUl!lt from tbelis:rht lIuil, tha.t il!l a cloud in aummer by daras well lUI by ni~hl .

Ahout a mile out from the town ia ihegarrison and the eden.in grounda of thelUililary r686rvation. Here are barraeka Andquarters for infantry and cavalry, and ... ibgis .a' popular station witbtofficen, and a gen.eral rendczvous for the militar)' boeib.ee. ofth!:! u~er country, of oourse the garriIon addB110 lit(ll.e to Walla Walla eociallife. The FintCa\'alry band happens to be one of the finestconnected with the army, aod it g .. f..h·ionahle as it is delillhtful to drive out of ane ...ening, see the dreas paRdf', the aunilet SUBfind tbe furled flag. and afterward. li.kb flOas choice music from the hand .. hear. candesire. The leader is a profeuor who i. &1.l\1oet music mad they ..y, and the baDd giT.

. mall '( of the choicest clU8ical aelect.iODl withexquisite effect, so that I shan "Iwayl remem·ber with deJi&ht the summer twiligbt. atWalla Walla that saw night come down· anddny forgotten, while stl'atns of molio leM'edto make.one banisb the sordid ibm,p of earthand dcralll of Elyeium.

TUK WUEAT RItOION.

.The Utue mouutains exteud for abo1tt bmiJeP in nort.hl,,'&l'It and southwest direction.on • parallel wibh the Columbia. and Snakeriven, distant 40 to 50 miles, and while theland along tbf'l river Il!I in iJ$neral 6t oal, 'forgrazing, and muob of it not even ....luable forthll.t, there is lL great deal of land alool thehMe ot the range, and especially in ~e foot>­hills, t\lllt is wonderfully productive .. awheAt,prOOl\cing region.. Thu. we ftDd allthe pteas:J.nt little towns situated aboot Wea·ty miles in direct. line ffOm the river, midwaybetween river and mountain range. lOCAtedon the different .treamft within reach of thewheAt-growing dl~triCta, each town being anatuml center of trade, and caob having iteUAtural outlet at some landing place em theColumhia or Snake river. rhe wheat-growingregioll may he s..id, to CODll"MlDCe in the oentel'of UlIlllhlla county, Oregon, and while wea'of the Umatilla river the prinoipal..-ource ofthe pe0l!le i$ etoek'jlrowing, e..tward thecountry I~ more uui\·erally. fenile, hille and\'alle)!1 alike are unnvaled. in wbeat produc·tion, AnC except in portious where \he hill·llides 1'\,1 e too lIteer, the' ploW and harVtsteTare converting tlle face of the OOUDtry intoOlle VB8t hl\t\'cst of wheat, oat., b&rl~)'

ami corn. I estilnnted that. nearly one fourthof the hmd in cultivation WM .ummer·fal.low. d -probably plowed too late f,. thepresent seMOn and turned over for earlyfall seeding. .

North of Snake river, again, is a regionskirting tIle base of the Ca!ur d 'Alene moun­tllin~, which may be considered lUI an exten­sioll of the Blu~ mountaina. nmheuterly, ther,\1I8e having been in &gea put dilJ'Upi d br.''!If\ forces that reau!ted in the creation 0 •"Inake river. He~ is an extenaive wheat'prodlldng couutry. J Li1;:e the_ other, a rollingearth aurfa:ce, 80111etimes in level reach8&, butmore often a hilly.region~ but the eoil isblacker aud actually richer than the fertilestretch to the 6outhwani. It is claimed thatthese eutern whtlAt·growen can producewh~t at 50 centl a bUllhel with .. muehpl'Olit &e thl!l western Oregon fannel' hila whenhe )lets $1, beCAuse the production is double.'fhey clnim 30 to 4,; ;"usllfls per acre·as acommon thing, and ~:~y they ean prove maltyinstancee where ovel' 60 bushels has b':en re.Alimd as the tl \" erl\ge for a who.;.. farQl, andtAlk of 75 hllsheIl!I per acre AS proved iiiexceptional ClLlles. 1'he preee-ut crop in mOllt..f BlUltern Oregon anti \V..hingioJl bu. beengreatly i_jurerl by '" week of terribly hot:weather in July, that, pl'elnaturely cooked allgrain, ~nn"h of which .....&8 hardly out of t:,(,milk. Thl:l 8t\,&W ill bot ovor Iti to 20 if' ' 1'''

WILLAME'lTFl FARMFlR, PORTtANb. otutGON, IiOltUARY 4, 1881.

'RJ:OAI'ITUL.t.TIOM.

UlfIl8 III BASTIlRIl WABRIIlOTOlf.i

23 426826 6262730182 if2900

328104768 11622Il 47

Male••••.•••• unoFemale ..•••.. 1102

. '" .

Tot.l ........•.••....••.••••••••.2178No. UDder" year. of age............... M3No. enrolled in school•.............•.~ •. 1206Average daily .ttendance at all .chooll.. 20Averar. dura~on0' lohool, (daya~ .•.... 92'1No. 0 school hOU8C8................... 4No. of BOhools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •.• •. .. ..• 42No. of teachen employed-male........ ]6..., .. .. Fetn&le.. . .• U

Averaae monthly wary of teacher.mal.",." .. , ..... "., ......• !l8M

Average monthly 1a.J~ry of teachen,lemale.•......................

Annual income flom Territorial t.u.Annual income from .I*ial tax ..••Amount paWl for building. .

.. .... furn'tuI re .....•.•8a~ of County SuperintendeDi .••Salaries of teacher•................Mi8CelIaneous .EXp.D8e per capita of echool popu.

lation ... \.... .....•.........• 264EJ:~per capita of.enrolled pupilt, 4: 68Eetimatea value of .cbool property, 7000 00

PUBLIO BOBOOLB OF WAlJlDfOTQN TJ&a1- No. youth of tehool age:• ,TORY.

9~.21:t.:!.J

6,400.00{jij,2Ia.24

166,8::19.1~

l!),b40.0(l166.f1:I!I. I:

3.18,28!l.Of'2~.IOO,05

~:N 2Rfi.OI

ov... j.>U. III

b,)O, ...~. , i

;)53,518. :.'4

805,891.49:L·,••}·1O.00

2t.o,!iUO.60

Tota) surveyed I~d .

wnIT'U~ COUN1'\·.

l;.overnment land, a('rea .~houllanlJ, " .Northeru Pac'oo .. . .

Total Inneyed land .......•y"JIiIIIf... 'COtll'o1'l",

Gov('rnUleni laud, 8('1'0•••• ~ ••••

Scbool land. " .Nurthern PM.Cifie If ••••••••

-COU}JlBIA OONTV.

Government land, acres .:ichoolland, . " .Northern PIlci60 " •.•.•...

W"a:il;"w~iJ .;;.0:713:.5 ~~:ooo:oo ~:1~S:4311,~:=Whitman 'M,889.12 19.840.00 1116,8::9.1t 863/'18HllckllAt I t38,~06 28.100.00 238.28f>.O~I· 00I,7311Vulllla.. 88,2l8.24 6.400.00 Utl,2IS.24 202,82ll_ TotaI.I!!71S,N2.S~113719-t~.OOI1:1lU,610.8711.91H!~t

Columbia countv.-Ahout 10 per cent. ofthe Governm"llt lnnd haa been filed upon,about 2,"i per c;ent of which hu been entered.

Walla Walla colinty.-AbOut 00 per cent.0' t.he 60veOlmcnt land 11" been filet. upon,of wflich about 70 per cent. hAll been eotared.Whitm~n couuty.-Th4re aN no filinK8.Klickitat couuty.--Ahout 12 p"r cent. of

th.e Goverumeut land haa been 61ed upon andfee entrie& not 1 per cent.

Yakilna county.-About 10 per cent. filedupon, no ell tries.

--,--

TotaJ aurveyerl land ...••...KLWKITAS COUN'I·'.

GO\'erDtnellt land, loree .School land. " .

'Northern Pacifio U ••••••••

Total lurveyed JA-rlil. . . . . . .. 202,826.4&

Tota.l aurveyed land 1.0Hl,U9IAOWALLA WALL COOJl,1'V.

Govornment I&nd, sc~ree......... 40n.713..'ji~choolllUld, ". . . . . . . . . 4t:i,OOO.GlJ:'iorthelu PIWi6c " :lOll 71:l.4!i

I l)wcllpthe of Luld in ACUltI. I .coum. Tot'IAreu

Onv't T.n'I~I. r ~,·hnnl I fhU ..r,u) SllrVtl·11.

DALLEa Or., Dec. 18, 1880.DIAR SIR: We have received your com·

munication dated December 16, 1880, reqnoat·iug a ".tatement of the number of Il-Cret ofvacant lands subject to homeatead aDd pre.emption, by countiea, within our tlistrict.'We hAve made a careful e8timaw of landssubject to entry under the Homeittsad Pre·emption, Timber Culture, and Timbtlr LandActe, u follow.:In Wuoo county, &C;("88 •••••••• '," .3,000,000II Grant.. u. . . . . . . . . . .. 800,000II Umatilla" ". . . . . . . . .. .. 800,000

Total estimated at 4:,600,000There is bnt a Imall portion of Grant alld

Umatilla counties within this district. NearlyaU of Wuco countiea lies in this di.ijtricl.

Very reepectfully, your ob't aerv'tCALItB N. THORNBURY, Receiver.

UNITED STATts LA~D OFFICE, !W...LLA WALLA, Not'. 29, 1880.

Dua 8m.: In reply to your lett;er of the19th, I enclose here'Ylth a statement showIngthe total area of laud (Government, Rai~r~'ad

and SCllOol), in this district. Ollr recordsshow the area of land filed \lpon, ndt neces­sa.rily the vacant landi, &8 many persOl" filetheir claims and subsequently abaudon with·out notice to the land office, consequently alarge pmportioll of what appears to Le claimedmay be vacanti. ,In the recapitulation I b'lV~

a.n Mtimate of the area file.! upon allli enteredaa ahowll by our records, from -which you canget tln approximate iclea of the area whichmay be c"haidereJ AI vacant lant!. About 20per eent. of the Railroad la~ld in Walla. WlI.llnand Columbia countiea have been filed upon.10 Columbia co~nty, there ·are 21 town~hipi

uuaurveyed, bordering on the Oregon line,embucing the Ulne mounttiliS and chitlllyavailable tor timher. In clISe yon desire adetlliIe,1 atatemell!;, 8howing the area eukredunder ,he hllIDtllftcr.1 and pre'\!llIption lawl>­1 will furniah the aame with pleasurc.. Very rOijpectfully,

, E. H. MORllIliUN, Rugi::ltel'.

il!'and many field. of bade" and <>all; :...lower yet. bui while lIome fie til ate Dot ~ut;

at an, and while moch grain is ahriveled, etinthey claim Ul ...rage of 20 bushels per acreio. tho injured eli.tricla, and the shriveledwheat it Mid. to weillb heavy and grind well.The:beet fN'D'ls are 10 the footbiUs, and therethe )'ield ill aood and the grain pi ump. RidingQ'ftlII'''tb. bins and looking towards the mOun~taiua. we lee the foothilla gleaming wit.h hal'­vtlltll or shadowed with IIllmmer fallow, Audwh,.re an oDt1&yiD~ spur presentlt a boill face,the fanner h&8 climbed there and puahed hiswork Cl086 to the dizzy lIummita.

UUUOJUTION.

A constant atream of travel and 6lJligrant9comea here and scattera to the different ft:!­

gJO~1I of. development.' The cJloiceat lands inthfl81ue IDou.utain country are claimed, 10 thetrayel tend.,aoroee Snake rivet to the Palousereg!Oq., ud. above then to the Spoka.ne conn·try. ~ey c'lme acrou the plaine u they didin the beginning; they come from Utah, Ne.vada an~ Cillifornia, and not a amaH propor­tion of th8!M who are settliug the new di~trict.e

come frQm the Willamet e -nlley, preferringto~ anewetart ina new country in prefer·ence to remaining in the older aettle(t nlley,battling with fertune at a diaadV&btag6. Thestream' ·of eRligmntt is eonstant, and they8Jem to fit in among the hills anfl bollow/I and,p to· work for tihemllelve~ .. They tirtke ah lmeatead and a pre-emption aDd a \imher-.c tlture daim. And 800n have more Ml'tla thant Ie)' know what to do with. l~sidee thi"rJl!oQ I have delcrj~d.thet·e are spotl further-.twa.rd that inTi. _ttl~ment, and wtthoulpuahing thus far np the Columbia the eOligralttcan find land to pt"f.empt in the collntie':i 0'Oregon ann Wa~h'Dgton nel\Fer the CascAd(range. On the nOI·ttl of the Columhia riVtll'are" KJickitat and Yakima regiona, thatare: rapidly "ttling up with practical farm, rI.and catile men have great her,ls of atock tbere.Few Iheep a.re kept north of Colu,ubi.-. a.llllli!nake rivers on aocount of the coM ",gtheri"b.e euterll flocks tum out 6,000,000 poundl:!of wool, nine·t.enth.. of which iB grown southof the Columbia and most of it in eaBtern~D, eut of the Um-.tilla river. No doubttM.te ia a great d\!al of good fa.rming lAnd 00the upper wat<-ra oJ J >hn D:.v and De:!chnternv...., in OrejlOn,·and in Klickitat &lId Ya·kima Oounties, Waahington, but it dOt:lJ DOl'lie in u bri{e track:!, and &8 avubblp.. as inthe.JtaJeu.ije and Walla Walla region~.

,l'R....iENT AND rUTURJ!:.

The ",ille iutcrior reglOll iiI Leiup; rnpl.Jlj"proapected and devdo)lcd. There IS aLuml·ant rJOIll, alld the ellligrallt findB it difficultto chootie hiB locatioft. The resources of thecountry are but dimly underatood,agricnlturalland is 8C4ttert'd, and rich valleys e;\,iBt inisomt.cd localities. What ia called the ..Eaa·tera Country" extellda from the Britiah lineto the:Calilonlia boundary. and rea.chea fromthe C-a8cade range to the Rocky mOllnta-ius,occupying an extent of country five hUlJdl'edmiles 4Mluare. Two hundred and fifty tbou'aaod aqu~'e milos of territory lie. here, witha popala-Sion .veragiu¥ about ODe peraon toover one thoulI8.ud acree. Thel e i. {>lent1 ofroom for milliOllS; there are lich miDlng fieldl:lto develop and muJtitudea of reaouFC66 to IIU'

fold. and though oot yet.llotetl ior agricultul"J.lprod:o*, it. it certAin that the futur6 willahow thU in the present it. C&~iLiea forproduetien are but dimJy undertltoad.

Henry Vi.llawl. a m&p of broad ent.erprise,caDle here a year ago and made a bid forcontrolling the transportation of all thisl(l'""atreltion that could be held tributary to tilt'Columbia river. He wu Lacked by capitol.and 8ueeeeded in acquiring for his ooll'pauythe river stcamerl and. portage roadt of theOregon and Steam Navigation Company and'he railway from Wallula to Walla Walla,which baa now a branch itlto Oregon~ andwill IJOOn be pQ8hed by complicate4 linee,through the regions I have delJCribed, aod thetrack will .hortly be laid along the Columbiariver from the Dalles to Wa!lula. Anotht.lrle&SOn will see rAilroade continqplll fromPortland to Walla Walla and all pointe abovethere, and reachiug to the Palouae country,and Villard's echeme includes a line Souththat shall ...k through conntlciion with someavailable, route to the FAltem Statea. It i& agrand .cheme, and haa been pushed with won­derlul energ) and Ikill. The Northern Pacificil alao puuung ita work vigorously, and so.,nthe "upper country" c&P be reached in a fewhours and ita produchl will be quite clOle to amarket.

A Layout..Two hundred and seventy thoUlAud people,

young and old, black and white, poI.ela 1~.square mila of lande within the boundriea ofOre~n and Waehmj{tou-five toafamily, say.DiVide 27,000 by frve and we have 64,000families. Suppoae half of these are land own·ers-aay 27,000 acree. DivideJ26,OOO by 'Z7,­OOO~ and we h&ve five &quare mil. for MOh;uri m o&her WOI'da. aboQ~ 2300 .... Ie th~re

..., ro lor........w-lltMoLiMU...w.

IVILLAMf.'T'I'g FAR1>U~R; POll'l'LANIJ, OREGON, ~'lmRUARY 4. 1881. . .. .. ,.

THE-WALLA WALLA VAU,BY.

AWonderful Rich Regton tor Farmer and StockJrIan-11l.' M.ost ~oduotlve Wheat Landi 1n

the World.-SWl Room for Thouaand

WALLA WALLA COUNTY.

We· havl'l heretolore described the wi<le~gioit contained in the four countiCll North ofthe Columbln nnd Snake riverA, (Klickitat,Ynkimtl., Stevenaa.nd Whitman,) count.ies thatpossess reaourcelJ and have an area m(lre thaneqtlM to some of the great Sttl.tes on the At.­lantic, but which have onJy lately commenced\e attraet immigration to any· great ex-ten'...d offer indllcemente for aettlement. A few7em &go they were comparatively I1nlettledwilds, the proapect 01 railror.ds building hasliven them impetus alrer.dy. In a short timefrom 1I0W" they will possess complete faciltiesfor business connectton with POl'tland or Pugetliound. and then the iofttlx of population willbe on an increMed ratio.

South of Snake rinr i. the regloo knownas Walla Walla Valley, partly ill Oregon andthe greAter part in Waabington Territory.This h.. been a prominent .ection for manyyeara. Bere, in 1835, Dr. Whitnvm estah·lished hit mission to ,he Indian!l, and untilhill ma.,aaacre, eleven yean after, welcome41American emigranta and did very much kJinduce settlement of Oregon Irom the Eut.Here too, in early timee, the Hudson Bay Co.,bad Ita IMding post. Alter the devel0r.ment• f the country commenced, Walla "al a be·eame,heMqurlen poat for 'he U. S. Army.in the interior. Aa earl, &8 possible 'ettle·ment cemmenced on the stream' of the Wall"river, which, wtth many branches, ,wa~r abeautiful agricnltural region, an~l while agri­GUlture was confined to pTel.hction of whAtWAI i1nmechatelv nefliled toe supply the pestlUId 'mioing pointe, the obief resource of thetettlen was stock raiaing.. The discovery ofnch t>lacer minea in Northern Idahe andWashington created lUI exeiting epoeh when~old flowed freel1 through busine88 chMDels;many mule trama wero employed to packgood to these EldoradOi and Walla Walla waa'he scene of temporary excitement and ofgreatly extended trade. This. in time, hMmostly pa8led away. Agrioulture ha.lJchangedthe face of the country from waring punchcrau and roaming he~s, to golden fieMa ofFain aDd many homes scattered over hilJ andy.le.

Lut summer we Tisi\.ed these scenea aftera.n interval of many yean, a.nd the editorialoorreapondence of August last, which ourregular readers will remember, Md which wereproduce for our Eastern editlion. ,bows thelmpreeaion made on us at that time and &ives.n idea 01 the a.ctu.l appearance of the coun·try a.nd the people. The COnti ty of Walla'"alla ia not 10 great in area aa it is in point., a.ctual value and prodnction!l. Thia countyhas DOt so much TaCAnt land to offer as.ther portionll, because attention was early-"led toita advanl:.aiee and immigration nAtur·ally centeN there and then pushes frolll there.. other district:..

The district that inc1ndee Walla Walla andColumbia conntiet t. made of the bend of8nake river. which gives a sweeping curve to,he northward, from the mouth of GrandeRond. river, on the East, to its junction Withthe Colnmbiaon the West. Wherc the 460 oflatitude cut!! aereu ,hill bend, is the dividingline between Oregon and Washingt~n. The..untry thull cut off is of great value, extend­log from the Blue Mountaina to the river andthe veater part 01 i, posaeaain~ remarkable,fertility.

Since the foregoinl was written Fe haveconnraed with Mr. . 8. Bowlea. of of DyerBowles & Cu., Walla Walla, who is ioter·..ted in lan4a in Walla Wal1a county, Northof the Touchet, and infonns us that we err inaupposing that the relion near the ColumbiaII of ltttle ..lue, He delcribes the land as oflood quality, only a IIhort distance from Wal­lula, and the only objection seem to he themore uneven character of the country and.cant water supply, Still there is a greatdeal of land there thAt can be cultivated toadvantago and the qucstion of water !Iupfllyb.. neYer fairly come up for consideratIOnDec&use there h.. yet been little effort made(or Mttlement and cultintiou here. Thegreat al'6a of open eonntry has given the im·mip;rant choice of lands over such nn extent o(country that much good land remains nn·claimed in the mO!lt prosperousilistrict!!. Suchlands are left for stock rnnge nntil IIOme en·terpri!lin.'t land hunter sees their value forcultivation. and then they are speedily claim­cd and settled up.

COLUMBIA COUNTY.

This county lies to the Eastward and ex·tends thirty miles South of Lewiston. FlomMr, Frank McCullV, formerly of Salem, oneof the successful teachers of DII.yton and Suoperintendent of Schools for that county, wegained much nluable informatiOl\. tl.S to thearea &Yailable for settlement. The countyalready has o~er 7,000 population nnd hasover tbirty townahips of good IUIUl still un­settled, cont<\inmg 750,000 a.cre~. at least halfa million of which will be avnilahl~ for culti­vation, This rough estimate W6 make from\h. infonnatiou obtained &Ad it .... bo .....

thAt this county al/ln6, if half the :wnilnhl...land is ma(lt~ to grow wheat, call export onemillion bllflltels per tllllltUll. At IJaj'toll oltrparty last 8tUnmCI' <l.se"IHlfll1 a lull ft'om whichwe hruln (ar·renchillg viow ill every ctirectinll,counting eight header-pal ties at work, fol' thealtitnde hare makes th~ hnrvest considera.blylAter than at Walla Walla. When travelingin Columbia county we foulltl harvesting infull progress antI t\ltl.lIY fields were yet uu­touched. Tbe cOllntry i~ morc IJilly t.1Rll tothe \Vest l\ul! thel'{' is Ill{WO pnfltl11'1\g~. Thelittle valley of the Touchet was followed forfifteen milcs; we foulltl O\allY chal'ming (l11\cesalong its hnnks all(1 could sec where fl:l.rmel'S'homes were nestled in high ravin...a or on thesurrounding hill·sidca. When climbing theridge tlUlt ~CPlll·n.t.t'a tho Touchet. from thewaters of tho Walla Walla river, retllrllillp;by the lower ronll that skirts the eultivlI..tedb.lt, we left the carrin.({e to obtain n view fromthe highellt hill tops nnd could see, towarnthe mountl\ins of the South, rolling wheat6eMs tht tilted t.he intel'\'fl.lfI, occupying thefoet·hilla and making erl'ntic effort. to sur·mount the mouutain crest ill pll\cea. whil('l tothe Northward there was nn Almost uuhroken• il'lta of hare hillR, wa\'illg with llllUch.grltss.with once in &while 1m illdicntion that. !lomenew settler WM estahliRhing his hOllle there.The country grew more broken nWI\Y fromtlte motlnt&ius. n.llli to the nortllward ill thefarthest distance stooll a dnrk line that wekoew 'WM the range of higher hills betweenSnake riv~r and the Colomhin.

The .KMterll portion of ColulIlhia coulltyhas many thriviug towns springing Up.AlICh asPomeroy, Pata.ha and Mnrell~o, alld there is abeautiful cOIllltry there, where most ofthe land is still Available for settlement ie10catee1. Allother yetiI' will scc brll.llch rail·ro&l18 cOllfltructel1 through thnAc di,tricts and,the~r tlev~10pll.111nt hCllCdol'th will be \'cr)'rapid. \\i hat. IS cnllelt thc "Dcaltmall'8 creekcounty." is IlClt.r Sllake ri\'er ill the northeaatand i8 quite extenlll\'O, 1I0t ouly posRessing riel:eoil, but if> well watered hy brn.llches ot tllatcreek: ","ile to the sOl1theast. North of wherethe Rlue Moulltll..iu8 dt,se ill UpOIi Snake rivcr,tbere is another Amall river wbose hrnnchlllRstreams make frllitfui anotlwrfine agricnlttlmlregion. This COUllty, offering thirty wWllshipllof vacant Inud for settlement. POSR('l'IS manyattmctions for the intendlll~ imigraat

rRO[H'<:Tro:-;~OF THE loIOIL.An old suusel·iher of the FARMKR, who lives

in the Touchet boLtom. near Wnitsbtlrg, MI'.Starr, infonned \I!I that he had twenty-nineacru o( gooll plump wlleat that would )'ield1,000 bushcla-3fJ hushcls to the acre-whileh" wheat on tho hill wa!'! illjurelL It i. aconuuun thing to henr people ~Jk of [)() to 7;)bushels t, 1the acrc ns haviug helm re",lize.1 ill thepMt, and I wne tolll of onc field of :l;)() ACrl'SIn the (oot-hills, just harl.'ested, that averaged42 bushels per acre. 1.1 r. Starr alan informellus that the same field that promised 3;) IJusllt:18pet &Cre hnd been in continuous cultivationfor 19 years, hM-ing been settled upon by hisbrother in 1862.

In trAvelling through any pOl'tion of theUpper conntry one cOlltiuna.Uy sees patches oftwenty acres (If g;ro.... ing trces of the va.rietiesalready alludcd to 1\8 culti\'l\telt in thilHolecti"uand these indiclI..te claims taken :md improyedunder what is known 1\8 the timher culturelaws of the United Stnte•• for the settlers fiudit convenient to illcrcnse their (lOsse8l!liolls by'his mea.ns. A few years will _how the Sl1C·cea. with which different varieties of trees COInbe grown and. lead to gctlernl cultivation of'hese rarietiea. Some of these plantati(lnllahow good culti\,"'tion ll..nd 8uccesilful growth.

Anywhel'e through 'he uppcr conntry w~

find corn grown awl sOllletiml':s on II..n exten·.ive 8cale. I felt some di~tlppointment thll..tj'did not show greatcr growth nnd prOlluc·tiveneRl'I, for it W&8 sehlolll that it stood overlour or five feet high, IJllt ltIvidently they 110not plaut the varicties that Wow so tall in theWest. Mr. Starr, benr \\raltllhurg hnd a fiuefield growing and thought 25 lHishels pel' n.erewould be a fair lI..\'crage (~I'Op, The valu& ofthe (odder being tll..ketl in eOllsiderntiou. Anllthe benett th!l gronnd dcrives from a chaltgeo( crop, as well &S the fa.ct thnt hll.rves' oomesmach Inter thl\n for whell..t. and it. ia eyidentthat the Eastern farnler findA corn profitable.

TOWN~ ANO VILLAOB8.Traveling &Imost North from Walla Walla

over the rolling c.untry, we cnme down \~on

\he charming Tillnge of Wnitsbnrg, upon theTouchet, situated in the midst of a fcrtileagricultural r('gion amt cvillently posscssingconllider&hle trade. \Vaitshurg hns been set·tied long enOlUrh to grow poplars, hox t:hlersa,.lllocu!:lts II..nd native bal,n of Uilcads st&lldalong the stream in original klXuriance. Theplace wears a vcry plcAA&nt aspect nnd ismdependent of Walla W nlla, as its port ofentry as well Q.'i export is nt Grnnge City, 011

Snake River, ut the mouth·of the Turknunou.Waitsburg has II..lnrge !,'l'illtmill, two hotels,sever",1 stores, a livery ~ta.Lle, the usunl me­chanical institntltlDs n.wl IMt but lIot ICl\8t. '"brigbt loc&l journal that seems to hnve a heal·thy sllpport.

Between Wait8l,urg an,1 Dayton in thcTouchet valley, i/:llocatcJ Iluntolville, dNliguedfor an eduentiollal poii\t whero J{t'Ounoa havebeen deeded for the purpOAe nna a very hand­eome and commodioul ..h601 huilding ereQted

\lndel' tl ~ management of the Unitell B~ethren.Hunts" ille h:'\11 iii 0,clai InS to tnvl.e IIml it IIpeakAwell for ~he tntelllgence of the pI~oplc tlwrc­ahol1t~ that ~hey ha\'e lJlade ao importllllt &1ll0\'C III the mte,'ellt of etlucatioll.

We follow up the Willdillg~ of the Touchctin n Ilortheutedy direction for tcn milefi tofind J)a,Ytotl located whel'e the !Itrcalll forks.The hU!lilless Stl'cel is locl'teJ 011 the maillstrf'!\tn with resilicncc8 reachilllo; to the hill~,

alit] other rf'8idencer occupy the valleys he·yond. so thnt the town li~s in n tl'iangltlll..r8httpe, high hill!! nil aroulld auo the vallt:yl'llJetwecll llIn.cl~ ilL~o IJca~ltifld homc spots L)care anll cvltlvntlOu, SOllie of the rcsillenccsM'e (Illite pretcntiml!:l, but 1Il0~t. of them nreplm'l.sant cottnge homcM. bowerl'lcl III by treeslionel weH·watercd hy the stream thcy bordcr.We all pronounccll lJaytolt to be most charm,ing plnce ami e\'idently pmsperous. Its tradeil'l considerable and it hids filiI' at some notIHstant time to utilize its alnll\(lant. wa1t:rp6wer to food advantn~c. It POSS08Se!! awooleu mil that was not In operAtion ",t thetime of my visit. ~I!lo has a 80Urillg mill

f. lalling . mills alld 8nsh n.nd door factory:..limber la hrought, here from tile mountain!t

&1111 aftci' b~ing dr?,sed ill the rl&lIing mill iiihnnlcll to \\ alia \\"fllIa, or aoll to the sm'·rouml.illg coulltry. In thc viciuity of Day tOilI f0111111 some of tho bost. farm resiliences Hcellill all my trn.vels. SOlue idca of the impor­lan..:e of this poiut Illay he gathered from thefnct tlmt it hilS two wl'ekly newspaper!'! thatal'e said to rcc('ive a. good AtlllpOl't. I):.)'tollall'O I,a.. it, llhipping poiut at the 1Il0UI It oftho TUl'k:LIlI\OII.

l:i C{)~(,Ll'SIO:-;.

In winding up our description of the vl\riO\I'letistl'iets of Orcgoll ami \Ya!'!hil1gton withwhich we lla\-t: bccll oceupicd for suvcralmonthM, we ha\'c this to say: That we htl.\·cdescl"ibetl thiS great rC'l"ion without exag~er'

ation and ha\'e mn.de 110 extravagn.nt etate·ments. The \\·II.['AMP;1'T~: FARMER duringtell yearil past hn.... hll.ll many sul,scribers 1\1the Jj:a~t. ant! "·0 ha\·I' reccived thotlsl\lltis oflettcn~ from Iwople tlwl"e n.Rking for reJiahjl'!illtonnaUon. AII t1ll'lle we have aosweredcal1tiou"ly. \\'h('lt:l. mall waa doing well athomc we ha\'e invariably a<lvised,him to Ilt.'\ythere An(1 he I'n.ti"C,crt rather tht," to rUII thf'riRk of spending nil his substnnce to reachsome new country where lIe might, after all.he diRutisrit.'ll Hut mRny who have ren.d theIt'A.RMER have fouud thcir wny here, and w('

know of no instance' where they have metlliRappointlllellt. We IlIl.ve always felt", con­scientio\lsllcs!'! about sen,lin~ abrond highlyt'olol"cII statcmellts eOllcertlin~ the country.I\lhl hn\'C l'rd~l'l"cd to be within the truthrn.ther than to I'\tll the risk ~f exceeding it,In)ll'1'paring tId!'! extm edition for 1~:'l.I5tertl

circulatIOn we lIa\'e cOlllpiled from the pa~c'"

of the FAR"Klt for six months flaat. and. (Illcareful rc\'it:w, hll.\·Q fonnd nothillg to modifyor retrnct. Here is a wide scope of COltlltr)·capable of sltAtII.ing II..n immense popul",tiolland in the future delltinecl to rnnk with thegrcatcllt Htat(!s of the Ullion, which hAS notone inhabitant where in time it must havetWl/nty. The \'arietiCA of soil and climate ex­tend from tile moi!lt Ilnd wooded sea CORst tothe open interior. f)()O miles a"''''y, which i,,,11ry nnd coleler, but no part of this gteat Col·nmhil\ rel1ion, exeept, in 1II0uIltnin distric~.

eall be cl\lled a cold country, though our I&li·tude is the Marne 8.8 Ncw }<~n~lalHl.

The writer of thl!l landed here O\'cr thirtyyenrs ago: has lleen the country grow nlleldevelop gunually; has travelled 11..11 part" of it,and !leing the old~t /'ouruali!lt in the StntehM an intimntt: know edie of aU thatcouceMlsthe country and ita resource!!, He has been nmiller and a farmpr Alld hlW been identifiedwith Oregoll so long th",t he posse!'!ses themean" to comprehend the Stll.te and to realizeita future. Twice he haa beeu Enst nnt!travclled "extcnoliv"I)' and unhesitatinlo;ly as­~ertl~ thnt he has ue\'er seen a country thathnlt so ma.ny I\llvnnt.'\ges ns thia, or that l:h'al­ed it in his estimntion. Something may benl10wccl fol' natural partiality for the In.ud ofour adoption, hnt we feel confident thnt our'collvlctlOll of the excellence of this country ianot misplaced.

We hnve hcrc variety of climnte. ",nd allconrlitions as to healthfulness areat loost equnlto the most favored regions of the Umted~t.'\tes, and in some we excel all. Ollr !Ioil il'lvery prolitic alld in thc Western regiOils wcrely upon our crops with ahsolute cc·rtainty.Only onee sillce the commencement of whe&tfnnning bv tHe 1Iudson'8 Btl.V company, fift)'years nogo, hns there been a Aeriolls failure.and that was in 1S7!) whcn rains ill July causedthe spriulo; ~raiTi to bc smitten with rust, whiletho fall ~ralll mntured well.

Our WtutCl'S nrc mild, as a rule, ",nd E'O areour l!IllOUUers, with cold nights to always reofl'e~h the harvest lahcwcr. \Ve have hcre RIIthe latellt appliallces for farming operntions.Our markets al'c s"pplied with the beat ofgooelx. 0111' society iA equal to any \Vcstel'llState, anti our eelncatiolml system i!'! fosteredhy an cxtC1~sivc lalld graut frvm the govern·ment. Th'1 llIf\n willi mol'~ to the J'n.cifiefillds hel'C n eOllllllllllity t1Ja-t appreciate tbebest ~Ol.·ill.l dl:l.r:\ctl~rip.tic~, and laws tltll..t fos,tcr them. A~ the CO\llltry Ilcvelopes we lim)'helieve that it will posgess nil the good quali­ties that universal intelligence at,d ~l"$At nnt·ureJ onergy can sccure. We have all the

vignrollf> 9Halitiea insured by the tempernte1:onc we 11\'0 io, increased by the fact that theb'1'cnt vicissitudes of hent and cold, common int.hi" latitude elsewhere, are here comparativelyunknown.

Our poolilation is made lip by emigrationfrolll nU aectione of our own and other landa,lI..urllllany Me coming fro. the far Weat6raI'lt."\-tes whcre the distauce from market maa..pr~)(ltlcts bear n sm;\11 price, and the uJ,tcer­talllty of crops ma1ce:i lucceSl precanoul.Thcy are also allured by the knowJedga 'hatour climnte is so milch more temperate I.Winter, as well &8 cooll'r:n Sommer.

This is a snfe country for the man .. ltb 10m.lIl~alllJ-enough to purchaae au improved farmor to improve a homestead to advanta$;e.Morlerate weana will enable a man with famliTto 8ettlo to good advalltage anywhere. Ourclimate is certailily an improvement Gn 'batof II..ny other par.t o( the United S\ates. Allother thinga being equal, thill alone is ufO·dent illllucemeni to brina: ivteIligent peoplehitller. and the rapid rate of development .,our transportati{tn fncili~ie!l promiset to _peed­it! place all thia resi.n witbiu reach of 0'-'transportation.

Th. mll..n who landa here ,,'itb &000 hwtban,l willing hnnda can find plenty of work orC;\13 t3ke up nu<1 improve land, with the go04..... ilI of nil &rollnd htm. Of courlC, if he wisb­es to go to 'he iuterlor he mus/; have lomeIllea'llI to use to go there. "llere is A iOo<1r.·gion to choose from,alld perhaJ?!! the greateltemharr&salllcnt the Immigrant w.ll label' nnd"rwill he·t,., ,Ieeide where to kek a 100000tion.The information contamed in thi. edition i•c&lcu lated to be of Mllistn.nce to the new oomerill making his cllOice of location. It has heeaprepared with that intention and with the.!t·t!'rmiution that DU pel1lon shall be misledby it.

Weather Report tor January 1881.

During January 1881, there were 11 dayacluriul{ 'which rain and snow feU, and an ai­gregate of 7. jYin, of water; li clear. and 15,clolHly dnys. other than those on whicb rain:'l.lld !Illew fell.

Tile mean temperature for the month waa:~9,21·, Highedt daily mean temperature forthe month 52~ on the lIth, Lowest dailymean 29~ on the 22d ..

Merm tempernture for the month at 20'eloekI', M. 45, 42 deg

Highest recorcd of thermometer for ,hemouth 54l1e~ at 2 o'clock P. III. on the II•.L"wcl>t therclIIollwter 24 (lcg at 'i O'clMkA. M. on the 23d. Frost. occurred on the .,12. U, 16, 20. to ~H inclusive.

LUllar halo on the J2. The pr"vallfDI'winds for the montb Wt'l'e from the N4Iri:kiJnrin~ 19 days, South 5 days, S. W.• day..N. W. I day. 6iu, snow feU at thill polnt_the 25, which all disappeared on the 2M.

During .Jan, 1880, there were 10 rainy udsllowy daya. and 7.92in, of wattr, I el..,.and 11 cloudy daya. Mean temperature forthe montb :l9,54deg. Highest daily lBeaa

~lIlperatltre for the month 40deg on II,Lowest Mean tcmperature for the month 21,le~ on !8.}<):ILA, Jan3I, 1881. T, Peen..

VESSELS ON THE WAY TO fOR'l'LdD.

As there were some erron tn the atatem".'or tOlluage pllhlished by the Roaeburs FIoMD·cr's 'Meeting, we publish thiS week a correctlist of ve!lsels on the way to :~e :ColumWal'iv('r nnd of shipment!! aln,ad,. made of wheett,"d flour:

I \·r.llllltl.. fTOse.jPu.a.l FROM,

;Jar. tJ

1

L'fl.nlWa, ... ",.1,1001 AlIl., NewY.rkTiaRIeJuly 10 Will•. l'll.tter!on uas, Dr. New C','e "Ia Ri.

•• 'l4IOduli........... flW " Liyerp'l 'flaHos'.

AUg,13

ILI'ZJ:ie IreUale.. 693"" ..

Sept. 1 Viola.,.,...... 68J" .. ••UcL_ 15 County of Ayr., f99 .. Glasgow," 1~ l'assithett. .... ,. fiij7 " L'rp'l 'fill. Vlctol1a" I!. Olencl\rn",.". 624 " Ca.rdiff,

Noy, 8 City of Agra .. " 1,07. " Melbourne," 2tl Ethel .. , , . .951 " LJvcrpool" 'll Clan Orant ,. 008" ..•• 25 Selkirk6hlre., .. 1,192 " Cardill'.

....... Argo........... 655 Oer. Rio Jll.DIlrG.nee, 10 Arne- Oswald .. 1.380 Br. ClU'diff,""'" ooorge Dewle,. 1.071 " Yokohama.Uee. 16 Merom , 1.'lQf Am, New York,........ Cl~n !dcLeAd". 671 llr. YO\[OhIolIlL, Thurlan. Castle 1.301 . .. Shal'ihaJ........ BericA ".. 9.4 " ouaym .." .... Hi\'er Boyne.... f99 " New l,.,'aeUe WSW

.. , .. Emil)" Chaplin, 777 " ouaylu"........ liate Ilavenport 1.240 Am, New York.. " Elllpire , 1,132" " ..

,.,.l'almyra ,.I,860 .. " ... . " COlllltetl9 Rothell 760 Dr. Ca.rdill'.

.. ,., .. Victorla Crotlll.. tlt9 " Calcntta.

..... ,. Marian King... \'I~ " lUo Janeiro.J;l.Il. IS COhllllbia ... , .. l,i7! Am'!INew York..... ,., Clurlo WlllAloY.'. Of4 " l'hilaJelphla,I'd'g,/all, aLoe .. ,......... 742 Dr.IL'rp'!"la Victorl....... ··1 Boxford .... ,. .. tl82 "I Lh'erpooJ,leadl1lg, .. :',. 1!~nr)'S.San~or~_1.1r,y Am. l'~W Yo~,~k~.__

']'ota1 , , ,. 2S.tlUtl tons register.

RI'lCA1'1T ITL,n!Or;.

We hllyeeXl,orted to date I Ton!.741. 7H, l.-'t\lltalll uf hCl\t•.. , ", ,., .. 57.Q8&14!"jO:l 11,11 <or flour, re,hll.-'fi! W WIWlIt, about .... 'll.854

We hllvc ill I,"rt tWl> \·I'~~Cllll~rr~'jngabout .. , !.&OOWe ha"e 011 the way 2tl.OUt' \ons rcgillter, about ff,SfO

Totat _ , " 1OG,'lTi

Ea.etein Or~gon is a much more eddn.inreaion than Kutern Waahillgtollf but haa at.­tractdd leu aUenUon (If late iha~ the latterbecAuse it. lies more remote from transpor~.

gon facilitiea. The IIteameMl which reach theUpper CoI_nbi. and Snake rinn find theproducla of t-he Walla Walla and Palouaen11eyl waiting '-0 freight them brock, whil.the agricultural arey of Eutern Oreaon, ell'eept in Northern Wuco and Umal-ill. conn'\iel ar. 8() dilltaut aa hardly to jQltify ut.end·ed produetion. Immiption abo, aeek. atlountry nNred '-0 .ranllponatioa., eo the aei·'Iement of EMtem Washington haa of lateKObe on more rapidly than in the eountie. ofOregon to the S..utb,....rd. More has beenwritten aLout \V""hington titan Otoegoll be­CAWle the Northern Pacific liu an immcnaeland grant thlt lies in that country; COHrillgits beat agricultnnllalllls, and h... been aux·iOlls and willing to make itll advMltagelknown, whereas the people of OreGon havedooe nothing to encourage immi.:ratlOn, Alldthe Or~gl)n anI' California railron.ol, whosegrant tiell in "'estern Oregon, was only illter­eated in attracting attention to the ,VClltcI'UvalleYIl. So we enter npon the work of Oe.;·erilJillg l+;""t~rll Orcgoll with no published.tatement1l prcp:\rtlll, to conllult, AIUl have towork the rnl\tter np from current fllcta alllimateria.l and from nul' own peraonR! expcd·ence, but fortunately, during 111\at yt:arll, wehave tmvenled nearly all this COU II try, andare moderately familiM' with its contolll', it!!resources of 111 kindll, and so apeak with ame&llure of confidence of 1Io'hat we ha.ve l:!eell.ad experienced in person.

WASCO COPSTY,

Oolya (ew ycara ago the \\' ilhmctte \'1IIIe)''" aa Oregon, but here is Obe lingle (;QuiltyEut of the Cascadea whieh h... an area eqUAlto that of the nine counties of the WillametteTalley and must conwn land available for set·tlement equal to half the farming lands of theWiliametw. A Nuah estimate of the d·,maino( \Vueo county ahow. th.... it c,.nwnl atleast eight. milhona of acree. It ia n"tllrally4iviltetl ioto diiltrictl, a. follows: l'hl' streamsthat ha\'e their rile Drar Moeut HooII Andpour iuto the ('..olnmbi. or l>ea Cltntua r'h-crl:l,

r reaching from the Cascade monntaitlS t(l theD~ Chutell, alld from the ColumbiA on th..North to ~he WarlD RpL1ngs Indiatl rC"IJI"\'I'on the South, "'ith Dall... City for itA ct:llter:we caU this the naJl~ dlltrict.. Anoth"r 10'..lity, bordering the Colnmbia and reachingfrom the ])os Chnt.ea river t.o Umatilla c(Jun~,

we will ce.ll the Joh. Day district. The ~hrl­

dIe district includtlll Antelope etf'ek, 1'rofltcreek, nay creek and WilIo",,'s crcf'k, tit ..·.pour inte the Dt'echuWe, al,d otbcr st1'f~lmfl

\hat hOAd with U'ClIl and pour their 'Iuterleutwnad \II John Day riVf'I'. Sonth of tlth:liM the Oehoco district, ",'ith PlilltlSville fl"lr i\t!.oenter; containing .. 100t1 delLl of ~xct:llent

land now ntilit'JeCt for .t-1Oll:. range, ,,'i \h limikdtanning operatIOn. to .npply the homedclll/\ndand gl)ld minefl that tore worked to tile l<:ll6t·w..rd amOl:1g 'he 'PUB of the Blue RlOulltnins.

The Dalles district commenct.liI at 1lalla"CAi)' anl\ contAins already oon8iricrahl6 Jll"Iln·latlOn nnd dhenified intereetJl. DRJ.In.s Cityliea under and upon a hloff anti is "place ofgreat importance" M ii 11M an uteuJIlive l.raf!ewith Kliokit.-t and Yakima to the N(,rth, Iwflwitl. the re-et of WlL8CO and Graut countllm tothe South. h contAinll ae\-6ral t1wn·lI.lln in·hahitants, hM many charming rf'fridl.'neclI alldhll bl\Ck strcct. are heautifnl wit.h ff,lil4g0,wkile the )lUllinel>. portion of thl.' tow" isbuilding up in a substantial fOl'm. Ike\< of itare high hilts, and from the very highc!!t ofthoae hillil there look. down upon th,,: tow I. :\eplendid fnnn of 600 acrCII, owned lly M I'

Bird, who h... thol demonstrated that Ulehill Jands of dry, J!;Mtern Oreg"l1 can l,e madeve? vatuahIe '"r production of grain, hay,frul~ lLlld vt::gctaLI'lI. He I..et. !-;\llumt'l' cnthili wheat gre..n and maAe hlly of it hCCa\l.'4C itwaa moat pr,,6tahle to do 110. Settlel"ll at anearly day marla their homes upon all thecreeks to uti1i7..e tht: intt:rvening hill.c for PAt;­turage, but the hills have proved to he &vlLil·able for practical &,I(Ticultare. Back to theTygb river all the bottoms were claimedtweDty yean ago, bnt of late we htl&l' that~tt1en ar~ makiov bomes 00 the bigh plat­eaux. La.at Spriog we bad a letter. &D,t pub­lished it, ahowing that the Oak Grovc ~Inn·try. and the TinnicuUl settlement, Suuth ofthe Tygh valley, offered much g,-<Ml Ilt.lJel toemigrant., and people there wt::re vcry nnx·ioull to treat new COUIHI wcll. \"6 iusta.uOt:this to allOw that ""'nea can he f.'tllld, ou guodland, within fJalJ'j relcb of IlO imporltl.ut aplace as Dallas City. There art: lIl"tty w(·altllyIltock men lLUtl farmers in tbia p:ll1. (If \\'..IICOCllllllly. Dufur Brotherll luwe tln·ir HhceJlrauch r.nl Il·irtl.'tJll Mile crel:k :!.llli their HUlIllllel'and 1,'all palllurt! is au exklllli\'e l:!W1UUjl laudclaim, ou a. \KInch of the luounLaul8, ilt t.hehaMal 140\lQt Hood.

•t,AKE COUNTY.

This county is in Sooth Middle Oregon andtakes ite n3me from t·he fact t~at it il "greatlake region. A grRdu,,1 divide lIep3ratc. itfrom Grant county, and mnoh of Lake, as w.n1M the port.ion of O'rant aouth of the Indianreservation, ia rot Il'{ht charac\er of loil, 00.·SIStlllg of a n,•• of volcanic uhcs, hut Lake.thOllj::'h a higb and fraIlLy COUll try, haR manycharming ulleys and goort laud. Sprll.gneri\'crha.s a beautifrrl \'alley, flow. \Ve"t intoKlAmath lake, &Jilt then:e through the Cu·carte range the Kl:t.ml\th nver lel.'kl ihe ocean.Othcr atreama ia Lake eo'tncy flow into lakesan,1 the ", ..tu. siuk. This region will betraver~ed hy the project.ett railway fro III Reno,Ne\'&fh., nurth, to c(lullaci 1Io'it.h the rolll' pro-

!'ct:ted Ity the Or1'gnnian Railway Campa!lY.--like ooullty baa Ahol\t 3,000 population, and

thCTe &l'e any Dumber of chancCll for hOlD.'.tc.ads, Btoclt raising i. the chief .onrc••rincOlllt!; l... lr.e'l'iew, the county lIell", 'On the"horet 01 Goo.. LAke, is a thriving town .ndbu two llt:WIlI)6pt'l'I\, Unk\·llle, at the West,;s liso a &'001' PO;lIt fllr tl'ade, ThiA county)IILe no direct c:onllct.:tiflll with the C'.,olt'llDhiarive I' allli CArl hAnlly dCRcr"c to he dCilel'iiJodU a l':~I't. of the Uollllllbiau l'e~ioll.

-==-=._,.~=.-==,."._~.m&lies it at prcstmt tllC moat attractive regionnow open for sdtll.'menL Whilc it has onljAbout 10,000 inh:t.l,it.:lllls, it can eallily accom'modate ten tilll06 that numher. It offen suchexcellent landa away from the mountaina a,the Cold Sprinl( country, which haa beoafully dvecribed in our colullln., and whicb ill.yet in a grcat Dlt:&8Ure vacant. It hILI •splendid region of ....lIey alld loot·hilliand..for 12:i wHce in length aud 25 to 30 mite.broad, and the Blne mountains themselves .....expect t.o sce occupied in course of time by in­dnstrious farmers and ltuck men, for the loilis ellcelh,nt and many sloping reaches.fmeunLain lamll\. covered with scattering pin.forest and no nllttorhrllsh," can euil, be trana·fcred to fields of goMen gr&in and orchards ofIn.ci,,us fruit. The region to the Eastward i.80 ulldenloped that we ctLnnot '{Uage it. tn·ture by the acecllSnries of the pretlent. Devel­opement once he'run will C',ntlnu. lLt a rapidrate, snd with raiUoad connection completedto t.he F.....t the Itream of emiKrante to com.Will fill up the laud with bUly indulltry-.

The Dlue Mountain rep;ion now afford. agr,·at SUnlmer r"nge for the flocks and herd.of the Uml\till" and Wasco plains. Stoek menbuild c"bint and corrals llnd se establi.hdaima that .re reApl:cted ae ri$ht. of prece­dence, Year al!e4 yelLr they dnve their stockto these mountlLins ranget and tht!y fatten aDthe !latin graeaes and SM'e the bunch gr....of tile lowlAnd for Wintor paAture. Ry.gl'aIls growA in swails and nlongwatercourses;a lung KC3l1S gJ'O\lo'S tlttrellgh the open pine (or­t!etstha.t. hAve no ulldel·bru.h, and there ia a~hort Ilteep·gra.'ill, milch like'" Lv that stock,found in the foot hills and which takes theplace of bunch gtilAS when it ill fed down inthe foot hill I, ThcTe ie no rouon why thi.ulountain land, COllt..'lillillg many dopingr~cl,es of the richest BOil. wtlll watered andtiud.erefl, loud not so elevnted, by any mea.l!lll,as the C3Ilt.:I\c1e rallie, shan not, in due time,be approciated for lLgricultural purposes andmalie ule of for lIettlemcnt.

There are many thrivin« townl aU throughUmatill" cuunty; Heppner, Pendleton, PilotHock, Unlat.iII&, WelJton, Milton and Center.ville. are all growing plaeea, surrounded b;ran e:lcellent farming cOllntry. The imml­.l(I'ant clln find at present, room for his home­IItud In the Cold Spring Country, or alone.he lICOpe of valleys to the \VestwMd tbere i.abundani room to loen.te the domain the Uni­ted State. iOvernment. .tands r-eady ~ be­.tow.

ONIO~ COO:lTY.

Ranges of mountains elltend from the N.ya­tIl., hne. nortb #ard, through Eaatem Oreco..knewn u Steins' mountam 00 t.be Bouth. andJenl.ping into the broadly spread Blu.lDounWnl to the northward. The interior('"O'Ilntry, along theCucado range, on the Lat,is much higher lanu than II found in the\VilIamette vnlley, on the W..t; the:-efenthere is mnch Icss drAinage from the C&IC&d•~nmnJitl to the ..:&at tllan to the Weat; the·\i.tance fmm the eJ\5tern pltins to the snmmit

tJMAT1LLA 00l'l~TT. ia e\'eryW'here less than on the 'Veet, and theComin6: hack to the Colombia river, WI. 1Il0u~talnl are leu nlgged to climb. WhUe

find, on the Jtact of Wuoo ouunty. a gra.nd the Rille mOllDtain. nc not so InaceeMible ...lI.brrlculblrall·cilcUl, joining on the Southwelt the CMc&dee, thoy tlr6 still a grandly outline4

1Il0UllUlin region, 8prca.rling from the Colnmbia.Walla Walla connty I)f W uhington Tnn-itory, ,oJ,otl th, in ttl'e~lll",r form, ovcr a "'ide diatMet,illclnding II. fair plLri of Walla Walla \'alle7, ~ontainiDg m&HI }110aMllt grn.s&y reach..-,..·hich i. t1i~ided by the 46 de~c I)f lnlitu4e ..... oo,led v.;th Ofll'll pinc fort:st-e, th:J.t ll;U eel'"

lie th"t a F slice of that 008.l\tifl11 -ullc,. i. t&iDly Le at no dist.o.nt day 3ppreciate-i forOnJgDb 8011. Rock creek, which cmptie8 Into \ettlcmel,t And cult.ivatlon. TItis range elthe John nay riT'CJ' tn W&ltOO COllllt)', hM ita lOount.illl supplice, from iUt fmlntains. theh~t laud. In Uml\tilla And is thickly set\led \'aril)ll!~ strealllll t,hat mnke the ben.utifnl ....1­tor twcnty miltlll. Along the t'(lillmbin i. a 11')'s of ('.olumhia nnd Walln WILli,. countiesgl'MS region oftlJlland Ulat promi8N!lle<s t.han in W, T" the Umatilla ri'l'er and all ,he.imilll,r lanti in "'neeo oollnty. Lca.\"i,,~ out "in'ams th:tt empty helow it into theColumbie.'h,t ri"er 1I1lorti region, UlflatillfL it! "fll)!l"nnif! .\111'1 John flll)' rivcr in Wasco connty ie fedco1ft'tty. 1.1le ,Rllle mon~t&;ns ~:"{t(!nn thrnnl;h ..ntirlil)' from them. Not ouly so, but Crookedit, JlArlLllel 'WIth the nv(!r, dlstant flO t.() 60 river, the PIl1~in fOl'k oi th6 Des CbntN,In;IOK, running WCl'It "itb n h'cml klwaro thc :1(111(1s far 1\1'(>l1I1tl to th~ Southca.st, 10 til..,Suuth, &8 th. map t;hows. }'ullowin; the Ihca" lIltmntl:.ins nrC tI,e source of frnitfalnlOTlIlt4\.in!l for 12!i mil~, thrO\lgh VllHl.till" ~tr(','UliS which crcnte the amblc lands 01 nw.connty, i" nn ATl.1.te "tl'ctch nf connll'y thl\t Iy 1,alf of Orcgon flll« the riehellt portiun .tI\n:rl~"'f< ~rl VI 30 urilt.OfI in wi/lfh, MHI aOOn ·.\'t\.'Illil,~tnl1 Tt!nitory. On the Rut, alao,llma'liin it (':"{tn!rlll to tho \'TII'''' HhartlR of the th(:~ supply thc flow of thc streams whiohColnml,in, Not !conI{ I\J.'O it WlJ,M rnllge for ~'('ach Rllakc rivcr. Son\c of the moe' fertileClf\ttle:, hut tn·nay ftt:Ulctnent is coming in to :md hcntitifnl cOlllltry F:..wt of the CMcadee isclnim I\un Clllt1Tnto CHITY plain ADll 1:\"Cr,r :'lIIncl hcmmoo in by the walll:! of surround­hilll\idu It ill t:rnc dint from thc UIIH,tillA 'Ill.: 1':1.111;(:8, for Rnnko rivr,r is for q,uiUi a di.­river, \\·t·~t, thil!l COllllty ie chicfly nc\'otl'd to U,IWf', in Id;lho, ltonntlt~d by macceMibl."bl,ck raif;ill~, Aon in vallie of live atOt.:k it If 'llonnbinA, The cnlll'~C of the ea.rly emmi­"l'Ct'lIln 0111)' t.o'Vnf:lCf). 'J'n\ll!tportAtiolt fA,O", ;;mtinll~ followcd duwn Hnakc river, hundred.th(l Norlhl.'l\Rt eml (If thc nnau',y mr,n' Anf! ',f orl,'lU'Y mile8, OVf'.r Mge hrni'lh plaina \ha'there whod farminl; is CfllTi(..(I on \'l.'l-r (("kin· .. cre ptll'C'!lccl and dci'crt in Ilppcar"uee. andIlh"f'}Y. Befnre lOllS hranch 1';lilmArls will thl't'ltlgh canYN11 and ov~r burnt hills that'a"c)r the whole ftJ'llbln tlf·It of Omntillil ,ontln' ... '" mall)' a wlL)'sitle groye thAt buried familyty,fUld thell thc l.'I'a of Ill'tl3n.e~oll will cn~l' hap'·s. and' ",rre Rtl'cwell with carca.s8&B ofmen(.,\; In """meet.. Ilml Umatiha t:nnnty..-ill 'L1mnllls that died almlg the marl. Comi~ a.thavc an immcruw wllf'Rt Ifttl'}llufl. A l'}t,tIfJe at IA6t to ~I:lc divide t.hnt tlCjlilrutt.s thc watere ofthe: ml\Jll:I!lo'Wa tJlat thc ALte.'\UtH hnuH:h out, lhc Hramle R.onde from 'owc1pr Rh'er, theyand WAter wdl all tllIJ COTIlltl')' nOl\1" Ultf lllClUO' fm\llrl spread ont. Ldow thcm as beautiful Att~iJjs llll'" aJt~:"":tll·t111 tlo.. into ti,C Illrgcr ri,,· Ilicttlt'e as ~)'c IIIlR cvtr lonkcrl upon. It lay iocrB. The lJrnlltiJl", hlllilln ruMlr\'ntiou flO(:ft· UA;ive wl1rlenW@Il, llnt.ollcltcrl hy the hl\nd o(piCllIUl till/.' a portilln IIf ounlltr)" M CUll he <:i"iliz,lltion; a ftl\\' IIltIi'\D cnlllp8 lnl\Y havefutltul I~t rt' the Illtlt1lltlliUl~, Innch t~, th~~ 1lt'1~lIlletJn tlll:re, uml rc:rh'lI'l8.I~~I·t1s of IndianIUHIO)'nlll:t: of whiw :!IettleN adjat:l:nt, Rnd of hU""C8 fell 011 tllo 1"11,11 pnlll'lc grn.sees, blltlfUU1.y wIll' Wtlllht IIkc lu d·1im thesc 11\1II1l:! for ..tkcrwit>c it wall ullttlllclied hy lllM. HereB+,:ltll'IIulllL. A ~Iam'c ILt the lulUl t.1-1,!t·1l wc wn.'" a \'II11cy, ct·u,lI...'ll alHilllS tile lIlountain8.11Il',li~11 wlllllhnw tilt· :llllPllllt. t,f ~fll\ll in tltil:! watuI'Ci:l fflllll h'lllllUcml,le stl'l'rLlllS andCflll11ty "ul,j,~t to r'ntry, \\'1' t"'ll.:il"'I' Pma- Ilj,.tin~:" O\'"CI'. gillg till! mill':"! in \\ irUh hy thi~y

tlllu 1:l"I!II,\ ill ll'I,~t\y n:J-lI"""" til~' ,I>':..n of ~;llll-J-lllll'llg II, i"PI'I""'~ !lut 1:1'0;1,11)' 1.l1It IYlllg1'-;;lI;;tl'I'11 Or'W'II, 1\:< :II'"hlo- had "':~:I:"t 111..' ill:l wilHlillt-( I4hnp." wI'1I ':~""n> :11111 1Il1l;!ts of.excdlcdi ib. diullll.,· i~; lillr.i it~ 1:":1, ll/'~.I, til th~ pl'n;l' ... · I'C chillI; illt" tlll~ 10111::1 \\ Itr.:l'e streamsOulnmhia river, Iud the etll'tainty that ra.il· permitted IUHi with nhull,Jnut f~ed for stockroad faoiliti.. will l"MCh eV6lY ['Mt of it-. I to t~m~(,u!.~k fc*r the burut pl&llll thu haQ

Ofl,ASTCOC!'TY.

Thil cOlmty ia very clitcnlJj,.tl and hal 'he'Vu~kl'u IIlopc of the Wue nlOlllltaill:l fIJI' iuLoulldary. It ul~II to h,,\'e rich 1,llLl:er Illinesth:4t .u.pporttJd An active population au,l atll'itSl, tl'/.ltl~, but. tlw placerll al'll m"s.tly work·c,lout. Q,uaru milliui:: III olft:riug inuucclllcllt.:tfur cllw'pr;lIe and m3.V Lt· 'Cxr"dt~,1 til form a1'lC1'lIlallleut .0url,.'C of llrollptnty for all futllretime. eVllu though 1l0L yet ",aking retll\'UlI foroutlay, The farlllilig o~ratiolll on Uf!perJ"hu !Jay valley al'e for supply of t.he HIlIle.an,l lltot.:k nncheM, for this c\lullty hM thetlTeat cattlt: lumJ. of tho uortlJwcst in ita lim·Ita. We puLliah chtcwhere an aCCOllnt ofea.ttle tam-hing in this county by Mr. Miller,uow of ))OllgiM OOlllJty, who has beellllu('cellll'fnl in Barney valley lLAI a CAttle 11I&n aurl "laowith honee. Hi. let.ter Sivcsa gr:t.phie Mke\.ehof life on llle plaiD' of Middle Ol·cg.•n. 'J'hereis an ilnmeoAe area of vacant land ill Ol'&lltC\Junty, loon to be aflded to hy the thro1\'"ingopen of tJl8 Malbuor reaervation. which ia noIOIli::er needed for the ule of InnlAns. GN\ntconnty Inay in ~me be reached hy N\ilroad.,but i' will no\ be .oon, ualen aollle nolooke4·for enterpriae comes upon the world, aod theadnnce eo rapidly making for tbe rte\'etup­lIlent of the eonntry F....,t of the Cucad..lel\'t'c8 it nTl' pt,l'll ible thAt C:rllllt !'.'ODO­ty will be brunl:ht within reach of market.Thil connty i. diversified hy moullt,aina aDd\':LlIcy. and plaiDS. Ita A1titu.d:emILY inter!erewith g"od result. fNlm promlscuons farnung,hut thor. III eo greAt LD 1U'0& of \'"t\.CD.nt. landsAwaiting lottlcrne.nt that it I. not necesa&ZJ'k> forne'.11 time to lIay "'hat every loction efthe country eaJJ p"omlle for ibe future.

--The John n:~y Distl'ict C011SiiltR of \lpl~nda,EASTERN OREGON. horoedng the Coln",h'••nd ",..,ding South

__ fifty mil~ hctu'ccn the waters of D08 Chutesand John OILy tivot8. and F.Mt to the hound·

A Temto.,. 01 Great Ferttlty.... aryof UmaLiII,\ e'ltmty. Col. T. S. r.n8,Larp ... !few EDl'l&D.d opeD who haa intel'cstl in thie seetinn, repreeente

te ImmJ.craUoD. the anil aa excellent, & very good grua coun­try nvcr all Lhat l1illtllnce. The bltnch f{r&llSgr"w. Tigomull,Y almost from the bank_ oftho Columbia l'"IVcr alld it is eqllally good forgrain. Whcrc\lcr water is fonnel there is richbottom land. \Vater comee near the aurfaceIn man)' pla..:ee and can he ca.."ily had hy dig­~lIg. Svringe Arc more ahundant than wuInpp08el'l to be the cue at an eArl}' dll),. We~lahne bflcn dug ten miles froUl tbe Coillmtllll.,at Spllni.h Hollnw. The 'l.l1Cll·ion will BOOIIbe tested a.!I to the pl"O(tuctn'eness of the l!·,il00 t.heee upllmns, loB the BhlJ'lCk ranch, whichhaa b"en described in onr oolumns, is in thisdistrict. This ranch is loea.t.t.-rl At the JUDctIonof ,be Columbia and John Day n\'"..:n andcontain. over &0,000 acree, and is taken up bya COIftD&Il)' of enterprising men ',l"itb a view ttlco·operatlv, f"rming 00 a large 8f'ale. If tLi.section rrou. &3 a\'lLilable &3 is hup....d, it willalford hOTnoe for ttlOll"l\Dduf fArniliE'e. ThirtyMile cl"tJek, whi ,h ill utl3.r the Umatilla linc,lssctllcd ita whiliu Il:ugth alld is a good farm·iugeouutry, Hock cn.:ck, ...·hich elliplicslDtothe John Dn.y ri\'er, has a rich valley, sctth..'lithickl)' fur thirty milc8, elt:telJliillg toOl arcl..t.IUt llll10 mountaius in VlIIatAIIla cuullty.. Col.l.AnK, who is ..t !lonle in this regiuu,'iu{qrlHlIus that pt:oJ,lo raise olLly what they Il"cd {l,rIlome 1I11pply, hut IllH'C jjl)t l;I'OWIi f"l'lll pm­nuctll; to lIt:mt n.urtJad ,-,willl' to tlte ,Iifiit:ultyof rdl\chillg IUl\rket and Lo.;alllic sl~lck r;\iltillg!1M nhuyll been mUl'e Jlrufital.le t1"m fan II

crop" They willgl'u\\' "''l'&in eXlell!'Hvdy whcntl'allllporlAtinu is '(lCl'fct.:wd to cllCOlll'age it,1'h~ Sl,;hCOlU ()f the 01 eJ,:()n Ih.ilw&y and N ~v·

iglltilJn Comp:lUy inclu,!cs 111'l\uch lillcs tubring all tI,C I'il:h fal'millg c..lUlltl'Y lI.lhll" theBltle lllollntaiull fUI' two hHllIlrt:d mih~, iutelconucctioll with the ri,er IlII,1 tltteil' IIIA.inblink line nf road.

The Middle niatriet of Wasco elJul\tyreachoa from the Dl Ii Chnkil !"in·r to the Blut:UlOHlllninK aud ia more than large COll\l,!:h toconllcitllte A grt:At C..1I111y of itself. A gIAn(.'Cat the map ,..·i1lsllow that it is ,,,,·11 ...·~tcl"cdby strcAlllll running illto 1.otll the J)cs CJlUtaand .tohn n"y rheOi. It has thri\'ing ,·il·I"G0'; \\'illnughh)'. Aottllope. Bridge (."l:~k

are tnding '(loiot. lUll' the country ia wellalh.pt.ed to agTiculture through its whole ex·t,,·nt. hut tatlnil,g opt:ratIOlls' are chicO)- reoamcted to aupplying t.h. local dcmand. 'llleoonutl1' i. ,tC\ ot...o(\ tofttcck raisinl!, aod thel-e­fere sluLrlicly ftcttlrtl IIpon. ,,·rlclle\"(~r rail·1"0."1..1. c:\n rd.,ell Nidlllr ~VllscO, and CDCOIirl\gcfarming an'" .cnscr It:Uletn(.·ut ill thi. well"'I\lercd reb'lon, the rOllnlt will he .. magiC<lJdUUl6::C fl'flm l"'\6tnraJ to acti\'tl f"rm lif~. Col.Lallg h... vilitt.-rl this region and reprf!~elltAI itas IXIR!\t-h"siul; mallY dMiraMe lJualitil'ti thAt""ill devclope when transportation il poeai·ble.

Olle o( the mnet promising portiona of F.ut.-­ern OTt:JCOn •• the OI~hOCt') ehlJtrict. lncl\ted enthe hranehlltl of Crooked ri"fJT, the &nthelttAt.t:m fork of the D~ <"'lUt.e8. This ~on haal'rinenille fnr ita trllde center, a thrivinlplace 1Io'i\ h snerllt hnDdrei inhabita.ntl!, '"lIt"wBf'&l)1'~r and a brisk trade with the OOltntt ralld minin6: diAtriCtA in the S(Juthweet-ern.pnnt of the 'R1'Ile mouutailHl.

One I;TI.'flt Muntagc c1al!J'led for all theC(Juntry .(,nth of the Columbia if'! that theWillt.tllll are mildt:r and s\(lCk ('\1> much hettcerib lJtil'"nre 1~'\o!>onA than Nortb of tile O"ll1mbi.,}<'l1r thil tl'M"n Mirldle WIlI'I/:o it> i1l)tjirahle ..... f1tock conntry And !'.OIne of the rn06t ~uCoeN:fnI .kK:k mt:n ,,'e hAvf', nrc to he fonnd inG'lntlnd \V"IlCO C'tllltltiCll, NM'omhcr 2'f,tllwe f.nhli!ll:f1n a Illltt:r from 111', L. Vawler·t,()(, , 1\11 oM rc"iof'nt of (}J-ool",d Hivt.'T ,.II.Ut)y,which will he ICIll'(,t!nr.en in U,C t:xt'1L t<rlition'We c' mpilc from the nlCOij of till: FAH~lIl:'K forEnMte1'1l ciN~l\lat'()n, anrl th'R liyely fl(.'i';f)Unt(If thnt rcj!ion, flllflst.ock rnilling thcrool"'utl\,anl<WOI1i the 11lITl>IIFC 8/1 fllllv that wc n,fl~.. tllf'_rh'\tier to it ff,r l\ cl)mplctc idea of tILt' Od,O(,od;litl'ict, Dr, '·llntl'·r'{lolllioolu.to tlw hlturo.wh.in rflilrfllldK "Imll Clln',C tI. lhcir rclid. anf!cxulainll tht: w/,nrlerfnl rl.'l;OnTC~" of th:\t \,td­lc)' fo,' llrOflll~tihn of fnrm Cl"Op!ol. The tilll('.

is c/'llliu,::' wl.ell raih·(tllrls will rt·nch CYlmt.here. The l,n~l:ut ihe1it'Atiflll ill tl!"t till'llllml'" 1;A.Ill;C will CI'OllH the Cn.9('-A(lt~~ to IdledII. !llncl!ion ..... ith the Nevada Northern tonrl,and that I'1.11Hi, whcll completorl, will (ri\'e t,heClwkcd )( ivl't COlilltrv an ont lC.'t towards }o(,ththe JoAl:it r.nn t.he ~;'Mt. 'Wn:m tltr. timcCOlll08 for Wucooounty to !lettle np, thr.lanntable fnrniaht1d us fIV m tbe UnitA'l'l ~~tttB

Land Office at 'J'bt: DAll08 s'k01lo'!l t.hat 5,000"000 tloCT'Ofi of uDI'lUrveyt)l\ lands t\re VAoCaot. Auul"T't:"pOndl!nt wrote t18 lIot long Ilinee that.WnltOO ooullt,y OffCM Be gr~t itlduccnlenl:Afor ItCttJet'll IU:l either the l'alou8C Ill' Y..kinut.oolilltrilft, AIIIII>IICO S(.'CDlS kl he the emil!.

'J'h~ I,~CllftllS t:\hlC:fl /,lho... the phpul~tiou of\ Ya.tll,,"t'} l.'01I11 tY to Lc 10, '2'28; n II mill.'I' (If farlll!!,M7rii IlIntl net.ually fMIIlCII, m,ly l){t,OOO OCfC'fl:\'nlne f.Jf live ",tock, $1,77I,:~SU w)llch I'alllll1111 lither tJOllIltit.* ill t11at n-.pcdi fann pro­Ihwt!l, ill vallil', $:!.li7,OOO. W:~SCII iK til'lot i"IH,th l:!1n:llP IIIl,l llOl'J;l:lI 1\llll11cxt tu Hnkcl' IIIu14;rtlllt ill cuulc. :O;u f'W:LM dilll:ltl~ ;ulIllt."t.lthlire cun ;(~l'Ilcd, therc ill \,,'ok~I.IY III' 1'!o·:\."Olltlcrcliltlat61101' Ally lllflrc l+·althy ...~~i"ll ill tl't:wflrld, Stot:k thl'iye hett.flr hert! t1uLn in allY,O\Ur 'DOrUOIl oi the Columbia region.

•

WILLAMRTTE FARM};;R, PORTLAND, ORllGoN, FEBRUARY 4, 1881. .

THE NORTHERN PACIFIC RAlLBOAD.

on o,'er the Ca8cades, atrike the Ochoco andUpper Doschutes region, and push South tothe conncction with the Nevlloda Northern.also a nalTOW gauge road, sup!?osed to hecountenanced hy the Central Pacific Company,which connection would naturally be made IIIthe vicinity of GOO!le Lake, the road will de­velop an hnmellf"e inland region that now liesdormant WAiting for the wakelling hand ofprogre'J8, and will require a system of branch·e!'! th3.t will develop great wealth in Southernand Middle Oregon. But mueh of this specu­lation is problematical, &S our Scotch fnendasay thcy have no favors to A.Sk of anybOfly,alld Are decidedly reticcnt towanls reportertl,:l'hoy evitlently "mean bUFliness," however,and are pushiug work ahead at a lively rate.even if they are close-mouthed ahout it,

ANDOREOOIl CALIFORNIA RAILROADCOMPANY.

This is tf1e dldest railroad tnthe Wil1amettevlloJloy, BAAed on the land grant mado to the8t.'\oo of Ch'6gon in I~66 tor constructing aroad from Portland South to California. and alater grnnt wa.q made of lands from Portlandto Astoria to the mouth of tho Columbiariver. \Vork WM eOlllmenced in 1868, andthe road WM completell through to Rosehurg,200 miles, SOOIl after. Beyond that poiutgreat dilUcultiell presclltcJ themselves. Thecompanyalilo ha.s a road on the West side,running West, thl'8ugh Wl\8hington countyfor thirty miles, and thence South toCorvnllia,with intention of making connection ultArnn.te­Iy with the mAin line at J t111ction. This We8t The people of this country h""ve looked forhranch from St. Joe, in Yamhill county, to many years past to the completion of- thisCorvallis. wu completed III January. -1780, road for the realiution of their hopei of rail.the rest of the road havin~ been in operati<J11 roa.d connection with the East. The dim-a number of yeai'll. Dormg the prcsent yearthe eompany hM oon8tl\tcted a fecder or culties the company have eneounteredjeembranch road, from Albany to Lehanon, in at last to be fully overcome and the work ofLiun county, and a switch a mile 10llF to the constructing the road is now being rapidlyriver bank at Salem. During the past yoar pushed from both ends of the line. It is truethe la.r,l(est part of the rt)ad on tlte 'Vest Side that we ha.ve now a prospect; for milroad can,haa been ballasted awl it is now one of the Ileclion in other directiolls, but the comple­btiet roa.llfl on the Paomc Cuaat, During a tiou of the Northern Pacific is a very impor·yea.r or two pMt 'the timefl have not been taut fact in developing this country and willvery prosperoul'l for railroad8 in \Vcstern are- 11I'iug into cOllllcction with thl.' Columbia rivergon, hut the compauy i8 not disl'{'IlImgetl hy a gl·cnt scope of Northern territory that willthis fact. but cOlltemplf't.es tile cC,II8trlletien, rapidly settle up and lIlust add to the com·ill the ncar future, of other feel!l:n on both mtlrcial importallce of Portland and Pugetthe f::a&t ami W cst Si,le. The cO'lstl"uction·of Soulld, "the main line Routh frolll ROllClllu·g, to thc Tile company is at present engaged in mak­Callfornin lille, awl all'lO on thc \\'est Side ing thorough surveys of the severallllountainfrom:80lUe pointon this roael t.oAstorin., i!'!lln- \laM8eS, leading over the Ca.seade range fromdel' advt.elllell!;, Nothing detillite call bcaaitl 'uget SOtllu! to Yakima couuty, WashingtonM to when wOl'k will begin ill the'le direc· Temtorr, with a l'icw to locating their roadtiOl" aa more sl1r\'eys will be Ilcedctl alHl and cOlllllletlcin~ opcrntiolls aH soon as possi·careful cfltilllatos must be m:ule, Both of ble on that sectlOIl. The illtention ia, so farlle8e routes ~ue (t1fi1eult or more dHficl1lt as made puhlic, to make connection at ...."an tho ron.llt heretofore' construcf,c(l. The early day, with the road now heing made fromoriginal bon,lholtlcrs in Germany became J\in~,,"orth. Ilt t1~e cOIlRuence of the Colum·the owners of theso road~ some yenr8 I blA alld Snake rJ\'crs~ aJre:Ldy gradlod nearlyago ,and ha.ve ,no~ only. m:l,uiiestell: to the Monbna Ii lie, . an~ track laying com·('0111'11111 eable enterp: lac III deveh,pmg the coun- I'letcu for about fort} 1I111?8., It WaH deemedtry genelally, pll~hiu~ these rO:\lls aa falit aa I lIe;e88,~ry to ~()IllIl!OllCC hmlJlIlg I'o~d at somecirC\mt~trnCC6 seemec1 to justify, but have pOlllt ID the IllterlOr, l\8 the locatIOn of thedonc much to make the allvaotugcs thill COUll' r)1l~(' oYe~ the Cas~ade8 coulll not l~e r~adily

tl')· offcrs for settlcmeut known ill the )<;astern deCIded u'pon. It III perhaps a questIOn If ~heStates and Europe, Their laud olJiee h1lucnt- con!'ltrtlctlOn of a road over the mountalDlJ~d in this city. whcrc all inforllUltioll possible, f~oll\ ~hc Rouud wa!;l perlllanelltly settled un­wiN be giveu about the cOOlpauy't! Ia.mls and i til ql~ltc ~(ltdy, JllIt the~f.'l'leCIl18 llO~' lIO t1o~~tthe COlUltQ" (t('lleral1y. Tlte prefJeut OWllt"l"fl Pl""t It Will be pushed With all, pos"lble raplel!.acted in 80 fair a manner as to Sl.'cure the I'es.\- ty, Our lIlap silows the pl"oJcdeel roaoJ frompeet and go?d wiU 01 the pcople g~lIerally lh". Aills~,'()rth \Yl~~:'~, !-O,tl,w 1I~~1I1,I~ni1l8, which hasIllg 011 the l11H~ tl'a\'ertw+tl hy the!\(..",plld~, All Ilut)et lll'ell III tlilltl 1) lllll \ t"~, 'I. but must lll;lactual emi~antM are fnrni"hell w"~h pamage IOl'~tt·.llloorl): as we han: fttat,:l1.ovcr the roo,l,on am,' aI, :It half the llsual rate8. 1 )Ie IIlAterllt1 for cOlIstnll,tloll, u!l.ed from

Aiullworth Ell..'lt, ha.q hcell tr:tll~l)o)' t(>ll lip theOREGON RAILWAY COMPANY LIMITED, Coltuuhia at hl.'aq" expt'llsc aliI! it is pr"bAble

, . the company wili pUfih work from TacomaThiS company a year "80 pa.rchaaed the, J>:ast for the purpo8e of being ahle to trans.

narrow gauge road, jlll'lt then "celllstruete~llport their OWII material and suppHe8 for thefrom Dayton, at the hend of s'(>lUlIhont na\"l- continttllnce of th(' work through Moatana.gation on the Yamhill rivcr, to ~heri,~an 11.11I1 The original scheme contempl1\ted a road downhave 1l0W cars runltill~ to Dallw, III Polk the Columbia river to l'ortl:md, htlt the Ore­county, with the intl'llt.. "1 of pll~hillg nil fur- gOIl Ra.ilwa.v anrl Transl}QrtAtioll~Company

ther South on the Wcst Hide allotlwr year. have this ro"a.1 alleae!}' mfule to 'fhe DallesAt the preflent time a InrJo{e force i8 at work" and will continlle it to Portlallll tI.Iwther yea.r.~r1\.llillg a rood t10wll the YAmhill to a point Oil and no douht SOllle 1I1'r:LlIgellleut will he mlldethe \Ve8t ~hle. opposite Hl\)"'s Lllildillg,'"at fo... exchnnge of tl':ltii~ allli Illutual use of thi",w~ich poin"t work j;o. l'rr>grellsi..~~ for huild!lIga i ~ect;on. which will hc o\"cr two hundl'eu milesrAtlro&,l bndge ao.:l'OS!l t1w \\ Illnuwtte l'l\"er. III length,From this plnec, during the pre~cllt year, a: When completed, the Northern Pacific willroad hl\!l beclI eon8tl'uct...l 011 the }o:.H.t f<iJc of have a terminus at Tacoma Oil the Souud,andthe \VilIamette, tha.t rllns h,"\ek to ~il\'el'toll: either thl'utlfh its OW1I tmius 01' those of thethen skirtM theto"t llilhf'gion throtly:h )1a.rion: O.-egoll Hai way allli NI~\"igatiull C"lIIpAUy,ami Linn countitls to BrowIl8dlle, in thc.la.tter, will reach awl le.we PortlauJ. Gen, J. "V,cOHnty. This line is jll~t cOHlplewet, lionel Sprngnc has be,"n Ilere for many yeArs in con·hl\8 heen tuntClI O\·t"I' fIJI' the trasactioll of nection with this elltl'rpri"'\e a.ntl sllperintendsl'eUlllar hnsiuess, lhe company t,alks oi COli· the bllsinf'llsof the \Vestern dh·ision. He Istinning this roBll ~ont.h IUto Lane county in n1".1ch l~pprecillte,1 ill all Cil'e1l'S and pll8hestheanother year, It is pm:iti\'cly ccrt.-'\in they work as fast a~ }los!<ihlc. In ou'r de"~cript.ion

intcnlt to c"nstl'll(~t their lille NOI,th of the of Yakiml\ anI! Stc"f'IlS COllllt,it"::l we navejunction from Portlallil ~) Hay'll LAluling. on showl\ that a fine J\gl"iclIlt\tI'al regioll will hethe 'Villamette, a8 SOlin AA possil,le, The opcned up and made 'l.vailablf.' whell this roadprcsent cOllnection with Portland is hy mcans Shllll be completed. The interf'sts of theof a line of ste90i1.JOat.'l rUlllling 011 the river compl\ny will cC'nh'r 011 the HOllnd nnd nofrom I'ortlan,l to 1{ay's LI\nding, Mr. ,V,n. ' douht tlley will bldll1 up a great cit)' there inHeell, formcrlyof DUlldce, Scotland. is the the futlll'e, with all extl"lI~ive 1'01lllllerCe, hutgcneral manngcr, I\nu has pushed thc work it will be rt'tLdJly st"en that theCl,lulllhia. rh'erwith great ellergy. 8upplied HUN'ally with OffCl'8 a natural highwt\y:for COllimerce, anti8cotl~h capitol for the \11tI'1l0l!le, The Ead of the pl~l,lltcts of the illtt"rlor that is uatprallyAirlie, l'rf'sitlent of the rOlul, WIl8 lately hcre, trilmtary to tillS river will aJwa),f1l!leck Port­and cnrries back, hc n,.qsnres tis. a good opin- 1111)01, whieh call be made a.\'ailable for 4eepiOIl of t..is conntry anli its itm",~n!le rf'sources. sea 1.,,'(tl1lrn<lrr.=e hy stich improvt"lIlcnl8 of theHIS "isit will prollahly rcsllit ill rencwcn ocean Lnr and n.long the course of the !'iver be­energy in the pnm41cutiol1 of thc company'a low it, M the government bestows on otherenterprises. The gencral },elicf is that the import,lIlt rivers and is eertain to bestow onpolicy of this compauy look."! to an independ· the Collllllhin.eut eastern conuoction, Preliminary sur\"eys Ore,'lt interest attBchel'l to thc completionhave been made of dilrcl'l~nt p.'\!lses through of the Not'th('I'u Pacific railway and it will bethe Cascadc moulltaills, from this valh""y, alltl ef tll(l gl'f'alt'st illll'0rtnllee to the Pacificthc reports encollfagc the hehef that all the Northwcst. \Ve look for t! is work to be doneknown puses AI',' puct-ieahle withont exces, autl thrmtlo!h tmffic l'stllhlishelt within threesive cost, Of eO\4ree, more sl'ecific sun'ey" years, an.l nntidrate a mphl 8ettlement ofmust determinowhich route\\li Ihce,"entun.lly the country it will tl'aver'e in nn~icipation offl,(lopted. It is proll,'\hlc that au other ye!\l' thl\t e\"e'lt. Ro Illllch tlillieulty attend8 trans·will more than see tlw wol'lt in Ilallc1 in this pol'tation of its m:ltf'rial to A point hundred!'!v,~lley completed, COllllcetion millIe with Port· of miles in tile intel'in!' that as speelly pro,land. wharvefl :llnl llepot.~ confltrnctctl, anel gre!ls cannot I.c mlUle Oil the \YesterR end ofthe \\'iIIaUlettc hridgt~,l M tlllJ jlllletion, Tilat t111J line :IS at the Enst~I'II. All iron nmlwill he n grcat wQI·k of ikulf, The oflicers of lIIallllfl\~·tnre-d lll:lt.l~I'i:ll IS hl'onght nrouwi thet1w COlllpallY are Vi:I'Y reticcllt ahout ttlt'ir HOrll, ill \"e",!'.e!lI, inv(llving delay find ~1Dcer­

illtclltiolill in tlu~ future, hnt We gather that taillty. But till: work is to hc pttsherl throughsome engiueer8 will look after the survcys of Mnntl\na as rapllily lIS I'os~ible alHt the pros­tile mOllntain pa:oses. l'ml the company will perity of the cumpany indicates that the o<,ID­decide if they will or not carry their enter, pJetion of the road will be certain wit.hiu threepriM over ih. 1801lD";n- Should 'hey puP J...... u.m.e.

stock ranges and mining venturers, will M'sume th-e greater importnnce that attaches topermanent homelJ anu StCMy cultivation ofthe so\l.

and ,Pork prodnct8 constitnte t\n importantpart 1I\ farmers' ineomee, This connty sta.llll!'!well ill the prortuctioll of wheat, ontR, h"y awlorchard prol1l1cts. While the best IfUlds ofUnion county Iwe no doubt taken up, the land1;.,\1)le shows that there is "Iwant Iltnd that hasbeen sUI"veyc(l to the extent of 300,000 acres.It i<l nl1m tnw th""t uuproved lands can bebougtlt here, a.s eL'lcwhere at a r~a80nable

fh..rm'o. The gr("at ohjection to this region hasbeen its remoteness from JIlAl'ket and thegreat cost of transpOl'tatioll. This difficultywilt SOOIl be rCIIl()Vc,1. Alroalty the track fora railroad i!'! lJeing clcared, ntlrO!'!8 the BluelI\oulitaills, frnlll Umatilla, nnd the scheme ofthc 0, B. &. ~. Co., illdmlell aneady bu,ihtingof a. railru:~,1 frolll the C"llIlllbial'ivcr, throughUlliotl ami Baker eouuties, tocOlllloot with theUtah N'H"thern r(lAll, nlld form a through liuoto tlw l!:ast, so that it i8 celtain, 1\.8 humanevellts t'fUl be. tl~l\t Uniou COUIlt}' wtll shortly11I\\'c r:dlroall conneotion with Po'tthlld inolle dil"twtioll, lUlU thc Atlantic Stabe8 it! theother,

8A'KER COUNTY.

" 'ltiis county Ilt-.B an area nmrly two hun,dred milolt long and from tile monntain limn­

mit.q to Rnnke river nnd tho Idaho line. ItC 'Iltnin't Oil the North, tho valley of I'owderriver which rresellts quite A surface for culti­vation aUll hM several thl"ivi11i townli andvillages, The OlillC8 of the Blue lilountaiuregion offer a 1H:ll'ket for what is pr"c1need.1101111 IltlA.l'tz veins of rich ore nre found An,1worked at the ,'CI"y e.lge of the valley. Thisvalley is rather coM, tliit prodtll'es all theCCI"f'aIS nud mo~t of the vl'gl·f.nIJIt>1i ill Pi Oflhiollal).l of exccllellt tJuality. Po",der ri\"er haagO(ltl gl'aill lanels for lMlllle distance iuto themOlllt~, whel'e stuck ranges, though agrj.culture has not heoll Mcrioll.'lly attclllJlttlll"lC sJX!e,ly c01l8truction uf the I'Bilro<U{: rOInthe Co nlllll" t rivor givc!i a hOllo for future~I'owtih tl.ud lJ¥U8perity tha~ ililltle08 settlementalrclulf; we uotice tllat the Baker city news·papt'rs (thc il1n.c,e hn:s two) speak of the fn.ct.that f')ntte a seltk'ment has heen IIIlllle thepa!'t ~ea'Ou on lant!8 S'Juth of l'ow.ler I'iverand HUI'lIt liver va.lleys, Oil thl.' "'ators of the~Jl\lh"ll.r \\'e used to trnvcrfle Ilf'tl.r1y thewhole lellgth of Baker COllllty. sixteen yeal's!\lo!(), wheu gnhlj.( to Ul' lIlincs of ~ollthern

I.l:tho, "I'd fllllllJ, &Iong thfJ way, much g'.I011laud, riolt with grl\88. Since then, HakeI'(..'Ollllt)' h:'II~ hecoflle the great gr:l.Zing gl"Otllldfnr catt~e, of wldoh the cewms retul"U over45,000, The Po.puLation of Ibker county, lasts\lling, was 4,li31. n trifliu"" population forsu<:h au ext' Il'ti\.'e region. ?here are not llIanysheep in thrs cr>l1llty but Olueh attelltioll i~

paid to h"r~('f1, ill which onnllcction Bakercounty stanll."! f"ltl"th ill thn Htatc. Pow.lerriver valh:.v ilJ the 1Il000tpopnlollll pOl,tion ofBakcr connty, n,lla in the l'orthern p:i.rt arel'l{'\'(~rallnillill/;!; .1istric~. l .. the central pOl'"tioll is the Malhedr conntry, containill/o{ extell'si\'t\ cattle rangeR nntI timfl will prolJahly de­lllollstrate its a,'ailaLility jor regnlar fllrmin/.{,III the Sonthern part ia the Owyhce river alHItrill\ltarifl~, an<1l'1l1me facmulg is carried on iIithe vicinity of the minlllg distrietR in I(laho,nCAr the Ii tie, EMt Qf them i~ the Rtei .. 's moun­tain cOllntry, a famons f!tock range. The"Malhuer Illelia.n l'e8E'I'\'ation is partly in Grautconnty and 1mrt ill l!:lker, Lut we have infor­Illaticn that as it is no longer requirell foroccnpatioll by IlUlian8. it is ~on to bethmW'n opcn (or the scttlement h.y the whites,Haker aJHl {hallt ..:nulltiea f'oll!ltituting ntoarlyollc·third of the tot"ll surface of the grclltState of Oregon, remain to this day ill a grea.tmC:lsure v!\oont lands, roamed o,'cr by greatherd8 of {tock, utilizc,l ouly pnrtilly in t.his....'a.y. wi~h thcir l'(,'Sot1rces only slightly uu­del'8tClou Mel w3iting the ,teveloplllent of thefuture. III }'m\"lh'r l"ivcr valley the ca.padtyfor production i~ well estAhliahed :Iud W~ ha;eno doullt that ill.tilllc a great pArt of the v31ley lamls of B:lkt'r cOllnty will he cliltivawtlto ~!Oo.l aeh·llut:lge. There i8 1II0re or less ofS!\gt" brll"~h 1llaitls in this county, espcciallyalollg , he 1I1)pcr part of SnAke river, Thi!'!811.ge hru~h allEl i!l ill TIlany inf:ltallees the rich·et<t of ~oil. \\' c l'elUf'lllher readinf ycar9 A,gOhow a farmcr ill 1'0\\"1101' river VM. Icy hrotlghtnil irri~ntillg Ilitch to beal' upon a picce ofboo\"y Sl\g:'"~ hrll8h lalHI. strong with alkl\li, foralls<lge land has thifl eharnctcri8tic, Rlltl aftergl'uljhin~ the 8.'lI;C, pl(,wecl allllsowcd to wheat,and I'ealized forty bushels to the acre. TheIMk of water prcVl.·nh !'!ltcceseful aJ(ricultnreover much of thill illterior region, but theremcdy of artellhlll "clls may be tril.'ll therewith lIS much sueee!'s M in Lower Califorllia,The gonrllment II1\S made an nppl'opriationto test tlds illl\tter all" it is I'rol,able th:l.t thequestioll of watcr sUPllly wi I ho some way801ve.1 so that the great wealth of soil thatf1emllS wa;o.Icol O'"CI' a willc s~l'etch of cOlin tryh','tWCOll the Sicm.q of tIle Pacifit~ nlHl 1heHuck)' 1l101llltllilifl. will hC' made a ....ailable fOl'hahitatiollluHI elllti\'ati(,II. '

'Vlthiu two P'lll'~ a milrw,(J will he in ope­ration frOIl! tht: Clllulld,ia rivcr to Raker city,And will I.I"iHg :dl tIle rcgioll alnng that dla­f':Ulce withiu a I'each of Illarkd, It is pOl:'si­ble tlHlt wiLhill tllat tillie t1w Uhh Nortll('r!lraill'Oall will)HI!<b North to IOll,kc n jUlIetioll<lui1 clI'allli!olh tllI'(,ugh UllIllcction with theEast via the lJllioll 1'!Ieitie railro:ul. Thetime ..api,lIy appl'l,achc!l when the !lithel'tl)wa!lt~ l"lHl~ of Ol"e~on will h:we nil thc valuethat tranflpUl'tathm fncilitie8 can give themalulthis great section of vaHey and mountainland that hu ~ loni be. QblUed Oldy for

left behind. The traveller felt here that histroubles were over. AetOM the rAnge. only 1\

two days ma.rch. were the vaneys of Ulllat1l1iL&1",,1 Walla WaHa.

Thero are S6\'l)ral lively towns in Uuiollcounty, chief of ",hjeh Me 1..& Grande alii!Union, each of which I'IUppc.ta a n.ew8~perami does a good blllrinOSS. White 'filion IA \bljcounty seat, LA. Grande haa tllC laud OlliCtl8

buth 01. the State and Un.ited StAtes.MINING Dl~OV&UII!I8.

Bofore this valloy had a aottler, ill IEJJ2, \crtby the discovery of goM on Powder llivcr,thousands of prospectoI'fl found thdr WfbY illea.r1y Spring o\lor the Blue mountains to hUlitfor the new gold fields. The $!lOWS of thepreceding wmter hnd been he•.-wier thnn e\'el'were known; pa.tha luut to' he InMe throughthem, and the rond to the g'lh! fields was tLhl\rtl one to travel. It was ~f~er a wt"ek ofsuch toill'l auel hardships n.s caullot 6a.sily hetold, that we 81:.000. upon the brow of the ral!'fles thnt ovcrlook nrande Ronde V~lIeyon th~

West and saw with delight the m08t heautifltlvalley eye ever looked down on, all brightand verdant in stung comparil'lon with thesnows that surrounded us. The mineatlid notpro.e rich enon~h to feward all who weutthere, and many preferell to locate homes illthis land" "If p " ,ise rather tho to di~ forgold. It" 1.$ tt l 'e3.ra.fterthe outhreak of thecivil wa.r, and the same fall thousands offamilies cro<lsed the plains l\nd made homesalong the streams and on the prairies ofPowder River aml Grande Ronde, or Cnl!'lse.1to the attl'active fields of limit,"". }o'romthat time Jlja,stem Oregon hM hael prominencc,At at cady dute fl~rlllers found a j:ooUand remullcrn.th'e markct at the mines, Packtrains, au.l "'I'f(OHS of immt>nse etrenltthdrJown tlY ox or mule tl.'alllR, rnA-de paths 11.1111reads froln the ColumLia ri ,'",r in all dil'ccuon"1,Hold WAS discovered in many distl'ictd Midfabulous riches \\ crt' gathered from the ""on­derflll pbce.s of Salmon ri\"er in NOl'thernIdaho, alul Boise llasin amid the high moulI"tain rang~s of SuutHem Maho. Through theBlue mOllntaills were found llIallY rich placet's;on the waters of ,John Day':s ri\'er, in Grantcounty, mill iOll8 of ~old were dltg, alltl C::myonCity was a mining Genter; on Urand [{ollderiver there were plaecl's wo.kcdj while inBaker COUIlty, on l'o\l"I11'r River, n.nd thewatel'8 of HUl1lt river, there were extensh'e..nd prufit.'\hle diggillg3, The:se mming dis.coveries gave the first itll~etus to scttlementanti cultivlltion in a.1I ElUltem On"goll 11.11I1

Wa.qhingtol1, But. while millin~ is carriedon yet, with some f1e~l'oo of 8\1CC",8S, the dayof the pro'Jpector and pIncer mining il'l nearly..ver, Effol'la are COlllhlOted 011 • g'l'eatel'Icale, by JAI'~e companies, .nd there t\rc 8QItlC

diacoveriN 01" qtlAI tz h;d~elt that are pa)'ing'llVell. No Ilol)lIt the huslllc~s of milling WIllbe carded nil throtlgh the futltre aud willprove more ,xtensiH~ as ne.... ,li~covel'ies arcmade anfl as the sciell('e of quftrtz mining be"comes perfet,,;ted a\lll golol can be saved a.t les8COld We IlOl.\'e alightlyallude•• at differeuttimes to milling flptll·atioua, but ti ...c has cometo explain the settlement and developmelltalready attain(,od ill EastcrJl Oregon. 80 wedigreM aomewhat to prcllellt tht-8e facts, Nodoubt lUany who sha.ll come hcre will 1,,,, at·tracted by the fascination of gold and sih'ermining, hut ~he tl'llth sccms to be that goldand silver bas often CO::lt more th<ln it WIU:!

worth. Mi~)csltlateriaJlyaida,g;riclllturl: whellthey offer a nl[l,J'ke~ for fnrm products, Theyq&.ve the fil'!'t impetus tn all the Upper COUll'try. 1"01' IlL!IY years 1Jalle~ City and Walla\Va.lla were t~H:: lSc@ueof much riot and gam·bling and the harllly t"al'uell goM was s'lllnn­dered with lavish hanlis, Portland WllS fillell,in winter, by the millerH who came down hercto spend the mouths wheu water existed onlyia the form of SIlOW or icc, awl the flebulelll:eof the minos ma,le a vcry heavy d(~f1l1ctioll

from the incomes of hotel keepC'I'R. 'Ve werein the mines of CahfOl'nia at a ,'ery early day,also had official t,,;ollliectinn with the milliugregions of EMtern Ol'e"~on at the best pa}'illL:period, hnt while thcl'e are exceptiollal iustA-n­ces where pro"peL'tor8 nud nliners lloCquil'l'wealth, our experience Ahows that the IJl'!It_1Iccess follows agricultllral eleveJoplllent, IIIits tl'a.in comes schools, chlll'ches, gOOfl !lodetyl\nd happy home.., alltl the farmer, while heCM ouly claim a real'lonahle share of benefit.'4,enjoy8 them most aud is most independtmt illenjoying Ult:m.

DE.~CRIPTloN OF U:-;IOX COUN7Y.

Union county i8 a ,"ery attractive region,has vnried chnracter of SOUM we go from thelich valley land to the foot bills, or climb tothe higher valleY8, such l'l.S \Vallowa, betweenthe Grande Ronu(' \'Alley and Snakc river"Oland Ronde river seeks An outlet through t\

mounta.in can}'on and the valley il'l fa.idyhemmed in hy mountain walls, The climateis healthy and winters seem bempercd by thcsheltere(Ynatllre of the 8itUAtion. Wallowais a higher location with more lSevere wintcl'l;,hltt is a fa\'orite regio,~ for stock mell. LaOrand and Uniontown are the chief t<)Wllll,

but other thri't"ing vHlagcs nre scattlJrcdthrough the county, Union haR 6,i03 il,hab­Itants by the census of t880. It is lillvoted tofArming a.nd slock-ra.ising; va.lue of live stockis nearly a million dolla.rs; Union haa a gl"catmany hOnles tlnd the number of milch cowsIUld quantity of butter made show. it to hel.vorr.ble ~Dt dairyiol. Swirl. do w~ there

',- --~. - .- -- ~ -

\

SIN

N

WRLLOWAIND RE:i

K!RCITV. • ""Jl1'" ,·.0....·."

K.

r( ~/

/.:.-..J1-°,,9:/ 1 AIIlPMINOIRIQN.

0-'/~.....

~!~'-ISANGRIOCE

eDt 0: LA c:lPlAND,'.

••••• LlNllIlll ,

.1I.CIl'~'"PDWMRVIl~OCAHOllTA

I

•J : CAMPO.F.SMIT'"

AMP Al".i~D •

ALI/QRD'

w

,

,

OLD CAMP WARtI[ll;.

STRAWBERRY BUTTE.oS'o.

~.,

$",

I\L

-.>. / \1 N D .I'R A ~-..,N~AM' CURRY, "(~

~('~ CAMP

.,LV'",

C

'"

~ W"L.L.UL ....

T A"'-T

c

CALlrORNII\ •

•

LAICA'IR1

I

E

)

K

Flu.rl1'H/

..-cOLOENDAlI

KLlmli'COlU!laUS

A• SllVI'fl

:.4'

\

L

MTOAU.

/,,

-.,! _ _1'-'

~~\UA';H'-I n RE WHITS: HilL._.~

0:0; Ot' l'ln: 4aIKU't;l'O'I' t:n't:HI"HllIO":i"\ 0.'

Tilt: I·K.:.....;~T n.'''.

- I I ; ;" ; $

TR..t1VliJI"OB1·ATION Ll1Vt',S Ot' 'filE oHt:fmN.,\ltw"" .UO ,'I'" '·If."n..!\" f~O.

7 AM

Navlga-

DIVISION.OCEAN

===----===----

RIVER AND RAIL DIVISIONS.

Rlllht is reserved to challge Ilteamerll or sailing da~'!l.

Tbro.... Tlek~'"1I01tl to all Ilr!ncipal cities iil thet :ultcrl 8tate!l snd Canada.

:u: A. Ps.

8teemah1p Leave. Every Five Daya.

i.KA·\'K~Ai~~~~~11sCO '"Ii- -. -LIl~f~~~~Sil'-'-

I ~j ~ II • II II \ ~g I ~~ -3 I c oo~ 1 8"·eb. 10 Feb.-fo Feb.-15 Feb.~ ~·eb'"lfcb. Z2~'l'b. 25 Feb, 20 Mllr. 2 Mill'. 4 Feb. '17 )Inr. IfMar. 12 Mar. 7 Mar. 17 Mill'. 19 Mar. 14IMnr. 24Mar. 27 Mar, 22!APriJ lllAPrn :I Mar. J?l) April 8April 11.AprIJ 6 April In April IlJrAl'ril lS[AI,ril 28April 26 IApril 2t MI.)' 1 MnJ 3 ..\prlJ 28 )In.\" :I

,I. MeCRAKEN &OCO.,Ag'ts State of California.

A. L. MA XWELL,Ticket agentO. R. &oN. Co.

.lOHN MUIR,Oelleral Freight &. PllSIJ'r agent.

T. F. OAKES,VII/e-Pnllldcnt &. Milnagel'.

-ktWf\U !INa...~;;" a." port.....

Oregon -Railway antIt.l811 <lompany.

Local ticket·agent8 of above-name,\ lineswill, on application, procure ticket~.

Pasaenger hoMing tl>rought tickets to pointein Oregon will, on presenting the same atCouncil ,Hluffs, be aUowed one hundred pounrll'tof baggage free,

When parties are unprovided with though­tickets, the sarne can be obtained at ticket·office tlf Union Pacific Railroad at CouncilBluffs. Capt. H. K Paine, l\'Zent of Oregonlinee at Omaha, will furnieh infonnation amIasaistance to pa8st'ugera, and forward nnm~w the San Fracisco office, insuring space ou8teamer8 and attention 011 arrival. At SailFranciaco, J, E. Shephard, agellt (at r,04 Bat·tery 'atreet), will meet pas."engers, and renderassistance ill tranafer to steamers for POIt­land_

Enunigrante are advised to rely upon theau"ve·nalJled agellte, who are especially cm­ployetl to render them information and Msist·an,~e

tEl ••

1:1 ..

l~ "

17U ,.

5:li ..

2011,

.1i'ol.SU "

Total projected Illld to lM: ''OlIlpleted.

Tnt.! '·I·lIllllet~,lllnli ptojtlt'te<I.

Thelte lille8. ttt.p the riel, v"lIe.\·>4 "' til" CO!rllllhill.WiIIllInetk and Snake rive", ault art mpidl.\" reudlin,ll'out In¥! the utht:r whellt l,rotlndll,ll' rlJlfi"u~ III F"'tJlk'ruWashlngtoll 'rerrit'lrJ aliI t)r~1r(ltl: whclH_·c. hy \'Olttit,­um'lI ImnSJlllrw.tion through tht, t'hllnnel~ ,le~I'rll'~'(I,emlllllunirntlnll 1I1n.1· he hlltl with Portland AII.I ";111>t'rnllds(,'o for the IlIrJ:c8l polISIiI,lc Itll'llllllt uf prooludot,and whit'h 1l1ll1l11C"'1ItH, lleekillg hUrlltJ_" "lid Il\tlll~, ma.'·reach dir...'Ct. by rnvitllln,1 comfortable l'nll'"cJIIIl\·.·. ill'lItellll or by the long awl tetllnUIt w\lKon rOlld In\llllt:y,,Il'hich fonnerl.r '10 t"L.\[efi their time alltl Il;ltlcll<'p, :,",1whi~h, IIntilll\tcl~·. h"I'c kept thill ):'rcllt trCt\....un· \.IffertIle \lollllO hK'kl"llIll from the kllOwlt~l"c lind h(,IU'fttof the 11lllltt<Jc wvrld, .

Fnrther IllfllflllatiulI, h) te).('l'rtl to tht (~nlUp;UlY ",.the ('Ountr,\ thrl'\llC'h which illt Huell arc 1(I(·... tl"1. \':u, I...ohtahll..'\1 h.\· lUl.lrt"",iu/il', T. 1". nAIU;!',

Vkc·l're!lld:lIlt "n.1 ~I~lnl\l!"·r.A. L, HToKI'-s, (;'m'l f>~4trn P(\>tg(!lIllcr A,l(\!Ilt. :,2

t.'larkSt. (,'hle~o.

J OH~ MI: IIt. (luII'1 Freight llllli I'll!ll'l'IlJ:t'r AJ,l" t. I'. Wi·IlInl1, Oregon.------

From Portlantl to The Ilalle~. lu.'lt"" Itrulwork JlJullellctlll ,. _

l'matllla ttl Baker Vit)", IOt'llted 1I1l11 """lrkI,ommenced .. _., , .. " ", .,

Walta Walla to Gttull(e Cll.\', 1.'Ta,iillJ: lu18ri~'

tlnished., .... , ..... , .. _............•..Orau,e C'lt)' 00 Colfax, 1000IWl1, "·urk IIbout

to COlnlnent:e , .. , . , . . . . . . , . ,11".\'OOn Braudl, located. Il:ork ahnut to COIll-

men...·(!.. . . . . . • ... .. _ .......••..Pataha alld Lewiston braU\'h, locMwtl, work

about to ...-ommen...-e .. , , .... , .... _......'a.rmIrLKtollautl Pine ('reck hl'Mud',1t"..ale,i,

work Ilbnut to tOlllmenee,.. .. , .. ,.,MollCQW "milch, 16't."Iltlltl.work ahnut t.o COlli·

mence ". " , __ .Elk f...nek branch, loested, work about to

oomrnellce.. .. , .. , ..

~ ...... ---

roads whicll this compa.ny has plallHtlll, andwe proceed to expla.in what is alreatly accom·plished aod what is prOillis(jd in the lIenrfuture. The following circulal' i8811ed by tile U. H.

In the first place, we will state that their N. &. Co.• fully ~xplaill8 the PI'Cllt.lllt tl'tl.lI~'aystem includes direct connection to the F::a8t,by means of the Northern Pa.citic .'011.,1, thl'ou~h pOI;tsl.tiun lillea of that oCII'poratiull, ,~l\ll ahmMontana, and also on the ~outh they WIll their plalls for flitlll'e COHlittuetioll:cGllDect with the Oregon branch of the Unioll -::-.-P fi -~ d I tl I OIUlIOllN Ihll,IU'All AlW N.HIGAinIlS CUMI'A"\", )aCl c rolloU, a roa. on y re.-::en y aunOllIlCt!( • Vi"c;J>rt'~hlellt'~ (lUke, t,which will commence at Granger city on thl I'orthuul, Orcg,,", Jan 16, Ullll. ,Union Pacific, 156 milee ElUlt of Ogden, huild In oruer 00 ntudlly answer t,hc lnr.lft' nUIJIberorletwl'Mup HIU1l's fork, down Btlar river, to HN:lpice, received, 1t11lulrlng lU to the extent or the tranflporta.thence to Old Fort Boiee in Idaho aud connect tloll lines or this Ctl\npl\lIJ, tile lIc(!pe 01 their proJedol!tl

- I h ' f h 0 R L N 'c t I'--k I exle,.llions, as welllu~ of the ttlrtlwr)' dlrectl)' or Ill·W.ltl t eroau o. t.e .' • Of, • o. a ld. er, .irectl).trllversctlLJythelllllll.lthefllcllltleethe\'rul'lll~h,City Oregon, wlthlll eighteen monthsfl'Otu the I t,he fol1owllIg brief ~tatellltnt III l,r"'Melitell.fit'8t day of January 1881. For this enter-, The lines of the Oreb"Oll R,IllwR)' IIlul Navlgatiml

Prise -to 000 000 capital hae a.Iready heen Compall)', ll.llllt prc~llt Cl?II~t1lUtcd, "etlhlrell by Illlr·. ~, , . cha.e and coll801dll.tIOO, are 118 follo\\'>4;

raured, and no donbt necd be _ ellt61·talUed 1st. That for1llerly oWlled autl 0J'erll.t...~1 by thethat it will be jlushe.,l t~\I"Ough 31' Orego!1 SwalHllh}JI Com~n)', being II ,me of l.ll1!l.t'd~1lannoUDcet\ The route deSCribed IS ane oCthe l'anell¥!r lind hel~ht lStt'l\llH~hll., now COItSI~lln!{ of

- - - ad f h U - I> 'C the "Uolmnhlll," 'OreJC',)Il," "Oeo. W. tldl'r:' IlllllonglDal .aurveya m .e or t e, UIO~1 . aCluc "City or ChI;l!lWI'," mllklllK' rCj{lIlal' trr evety live llll)'Mroad on ItS trau,,·contlnental 1111e. flllll cor- betwoon SRn Frallci~oo Illld Portilul .poration has already i!ll1rveyOl's in the fleM allel J 2....1. The IIl1e fo:rmerl)' owned Ulld oontrol1l·,1 by thegl'Aller8 win he at work l\8 soon as frost is out I(!l'C!{UU Steam Nl\ V1l..""tloll Compan)-·n IIt)(·tuf:lll 1'11'1'1'

. ~tt:lI.111boatt awl BlIr"es, plying daily ell the l..o\\·cr,of the $l'Ol1nd., The _Or~)(on Railway and Milldle and UPPtll' cohulJhi:l. alld Snake rivtlr; allli till'

N&vigabon Company promise to have their' Willametw--traversc thll.;t rh'er t? till' hClI,1 of itoJ Ill\,\'!'road constructed throuuh from the Columbill j{ll.ble wRter8~-ttlt'ether With tht' Stealllh,,!l.ts IUIlI faclh-- to Bak COt ·th- tl tiel forl1111rly owned by J;he WllhUlleltll Ltlck~und Tf1llltl·river el' I y WI III OtiC ye"r: U')- portatlOIl Vompllny.

have already lIl&lle 8urveys awl let contract;, 4td. Astandllrd ga~ Il.nc of rllnrolld, fullJ OlIUip·to ha\'e the track cleared, w hie" is IlOW being Ped, rUllllln&, Ill,,,,,, t~e valley of tile ~ullirnbilt river.lone So by this route we seem 10 have Po re, !rolD the.nal1ee to ""lIuln, tojfether With the IIlm'OW• • .. • .• !(.luge railroad known ~ the Yialla WI\l1lll\ll\1 Volll1nblh

!table pronllae of through COIIUt!ctIOU WIth tbe Kh'er Ilalb'old, from that point, nffordihg cVlltillUOUSF..aat, via the Union Pacine road, within 18 rallrOll,1 f:\cllltiel between The Ilnlle1l all'/ Wall \ WMIl" ;months while the Northern Pll.cin~ j, not eJ:' ·-·'flle purpose of the C.VlllpIUl)' i"" to dlllllj{e

, I d -I h Fall f 18R:l puge of the Hllo from \\'lIl1ulll, t" \\a1l11 WlllllI,pected to be comp ete nntt t e .0 "enrl~' In the Spring, 00 Cllllfol'lll with tlll\t \Vu.~t "f \\'al-almost t,hl'ee years from the prel'lent time. 11\ "nUn, thulO nlfllr,lillg It "untillUOU8 lltMII.lllrd J(IUIj{eDurin~ the year 1880 tlw Oregon Railway IIl1e bet~'eell Thc DalletJ nutl ~'Mlla Wallll;· the 1lI.11C

d N _- ti t Com any puahed etll'veye to MOtlllt1lJl UtIllJch frolll WlIlIll "nil!:, to ,ll1ue MOUlttlllll,an. anga 0 I ,P •. and the l'a!J\'U-de Rallruatl I'ur~t; III Un!lhlllgtoll Tel'.all Important polllbl of the \\ an~ ,V~lIa val- r1oor~r, hetweell the Lower IIlnll"llJ.leI· l.·ll,wllde".ley, and throt1~h the Palouse r~glOl1 North of TI1C 1Il1lt*K1l uf the~ llel'erllllill\lS lIf Trllll~ ...... rtathlllSnake river, and have had gradillg <loue on a Is ll.lI followlO:great part of their located hnea l<~ast of \\'alb ~'rom Sail FrnlldlM~' ttl I>"rthml "J !-:tt'UIll'Walla. They ha\'e&lmostcompleled the COll- IIh1ps __ . _ " , ", ..atruction of their railroad along Ute ClllulIlhia 011 the Wl1lallletw, Voll1l1lbh\ lind SlIllkl:lri \'er, on tht, aouth bank, (rom Ce1ilo tlo \\'801, !,liveN,' Nvrth and ~At<t, from l'ortlllJUI b.\·

.ooteatl IxmtH ,,4tt ..lula, a llistallce of 113 miles. ~nl'y .that the Uti the \\'llhUI·I~tt~ 'Ri\:~r:St;~ti,' ~i i"~rti~i,~·,weathel'waa unusually sev·re III Dece,moer•. h)· ~WIUIlIM)IIt><,.. ; ': '.' , li2"the care would now be l'unniut\, thl"Ough fl'onl ~ rOUI I'le lllllle>:! tt, "alia Yi ..Illl,hy Hallmat! I ~'::C ••

Th D II to W II \\' II - t t- k I' Blu., MOllntal1l ~:xtcnslor.(14.illlld('agt'lUiIc!le a ell .. a a a, l! lac - aymg Portuge (,,) :!II "of the uu6nished ~ectiou will be easily ({.. ne • " ,.,..... . .when the sellSOn pel'mits, The present year T'JtIllllo\\, operateJ.will see the rO&d continued dOWll the Colum- --

III IlIiditlon Ii which ure the ftllllJ\\'iul( proJect'lll IInelfbY' from The Dalles to Portlafld,all(l branches 01 Railnmd nllw iu COllr"t' "f t-onlltruo.tiou:constructed to all pnrl:.8 of the \\"aUa Wallavalley. I he work of c1earilllZ the track fromThe Dalles to Port)antl is noW goill~ on, .1:hepreaent \Vinter has shown the Impel'atlveneed of railroad connection ltetween Portlalldand the' Upper Columbia, ae travel and tr-.os·portation have heen very uncertain for weeksat .. time,

Mr. T. F. Oakes. ,vice President and Man·ager of the 0 R. &; N, Co., inforllill us thatthey upet;:t to have the ro&ll completed fromWalla Walla to Grange City, on Snake 6ver,within four months from thia date. As itwill be necessary to btidgeSnake river at thi8point the road cannot croas it &nd nmch Col·faJ:, in \Vhitman county, PAlouse conn.try, btl­fore the Spring of 1882, The road will re-chDayton, ColumLial:ounty, W. T., thirty"nilesfrom Walla Walta, within ninety days; thenatural terminU8 fOI' the main brallch Smuhof Snake river, will be Lewistoll, ldaho Ter·ritory, but no definite p,·rimi can be fixe,1 toreach that point, aurt surveys lllwe 1I0t vt!tfully located the Jiue that fal'.

To afford temporary relief to the Yakima.tracIe, until die Northern Pa.ci~c R.'\i1road i."COitstrocted acroas the mounta.ms from Ta­coma., the 0, R. &; N. Co. will soon commencerunning eteamboau. 10 PI;est's Rapidp;, fiftymile8 North of Aiusworth, 011 the Cotulnbia.,which is M far in thnt llirect:on as tht! nvercan be navigated.

The year. t881 will see great activ~t)· 011 thepart of thIS company, as they Will have aheavy grade to m~e ahmg the banks of theColumbia. river from the Dalles to 1'0Itla.nd, adiatl.nce of 86 miles; also thert! will he heavywork grading the line ·across the Blue moun­tains to,Grand~Ronde valley, and theuce toBaker City. the entire distance from Umntillaon the Columbia, ueini!' 170 Inilcll, The lill~s

East of Walla Walla present 110 I1lltlsual elitli-culties. bud add matel'i&Ux to the 8111U of theirundertakings for 1881. 'Ihe cOlllpallY ~eelUsto poeee8s alJUnda.llce of hoth capital anll en·er$O' and will push work with all possihlerapidity. . ' .

Eventuallj, their scheme mclndc!l btlllrlmghranch roads wherever they IHa.y he necessa.ryto bring the cultiva.table a.r~a bet·ween theColumbia and ~Ilake rivers aile! the Hluemountains within reach of mllrket; also toreach into \Vasco county /l.-."l far as traffic canrepa.y their enterprise. The hrallch r"adalaid down 011 the Illap indicate the prohahili.ties of the nf'ar future, but thc~e !trail heswillnaturally have to wait until thc lIIt1iu linesare constructed from the City of l'ol'tlaud toBaker City, where connectioll Will llc madewith the Union Pacific rood, a tota.l distanceof 351 miles.

After obta.ining possession of the husi/l~ss

of the O. S. N, Co, the present corporatIOnmade considerable reduction. ill rn~ fortransporting products from the Upper Coun­try to market, and it is IIneleretood that, astheir lines are completed. fI'eight aud pMsen·gel' t"riffs will hc lUI nearly 8!1 p088ible madeto correspond widl charges IHadc on F.asternlint'S for similiar scrvice.

SE!'l:TJl:N(~E TO liE PA:-lSIW. - Tfw Alaska.Hoocheno makere brought t!own hy the laststeam8hip fl'om ~itkll, who plead guilty ill theUDited States District Court ,1f'.vera.l (lays ago,will receive their sell'ellCC to-lHorro,··. The

lucky one of th .. cr"wll i,. Di'netry Sepageu,who plead nut guilty, ami two juries tryin~

him failed to reach a ver,liCl. Owing to thegreat expt:nse of obtaining additional testi­mony against him, thfl !Jrucecolings will ptub­ably be dismissed.

OIlEQ••N "itinTIIRRITO."•

WAS.'NGTeN

IVILLAMETI'E ~'ARMER; PORTLAND, OREGON, FEBIjoUARY •. 1881.

THE LABOR MARKET.

The cJuelltion of lal>l'1' comes ill a8 a verymportant. factor ill relatiou to the pmspority

of any country, and in COllllection with im­migration to a new cOulitry it is impodallt toall who shall go there. The la.1.~-:Jrillg mall

wiehee. to know what wages he Iliay expect toearn, alld the farn\tJl' or manufacturer willhe anxious to know what rates they will haveto pay. and whether hooT' can he had whenwanterl..

Of.collrse thal'6 i.i a difficulty iu transport­ing the COOllllon tallol'ing classes to so diRtanta country, as ithere a.re not ma.ny who havethe mcallll to emigrate such a. dilltance, whoare willing to lake 8erville tLS laborers whentl)ey gtlt here. There ill with U8 a 1000ewhatS~llt Ilupply of white labor. . Farm handaare generally to be hl'd when needed and re­ceive ~"ages according to the work and thesenon. A (."011101011 rule may be accepted. illlfollowll: The farlner eoga~C!ta mall for a ye,nand pays him one doUar a day and Ix>ard, forworking days. &lId the man may be expa:t.edto aa6iat at chores when stormy weather pre.vents out·door ~·ork. Of COUI'8e men receivewages according to their wvrk-value. andwhile farm-hauds ra.nge from. 8'20 to $26 a.month, sOll1e extra hauds receive $.'10. H. W.t~l'ettYlDan. ~u oxtellsive llUrsCryllllUl, whohves a few mlli!s h:.'\Ilt of Portlalld gives handsS'lO to:$30 a month, We hAve kllown a:oodhauus wOl·k far $15 a 1lI0nth in the \Ymterl:ielL8ou. And they w(lulll rccei ve $1.50 Il.IIJ

perhaps cvtm $2 a day ill harvest. Lut ;rxcr-agefarm lal)()l' may he placed at $1 allay. for !l.ct.ual work, and bo'rd, the year roUlul.

The prf".aence of Chinetle causes great oppo'~ition. bnt in the preseut lack of stea.ly-work­109 day-lnbolers tlley 3.r~ a great neccl\Sity illthe country. In the Summer time thouaanllaof thelll go to the cannerics .lIul h'illeries, antithey SOOIi Lecome adept. iJ~ maklllg cans,cu!mg anti p..'\ckillg lil>h. etc, "'hile the pro­prietors are trouble,l to secure white lIU:ll

enough 10 lIJall the fi>lhhg lKh"\l8 au,1 dl) th~

""or~ t1~ey lIccll ,\ hhl 111hor fill', AlIgu:.t :ie, ~the JllllullJ,.: Sea£OIl clt~tl, aUll then thc CliillC~

are re~dy to tak~ Cllntmcts fur gl'liI,iJillg.Tiley ann to clear ~l a day AIIII huard t1H:III'

selves out of it. I,ut tiley r'1'l.)(lUeutly work fnrmuch 1<-ss, Oue of the railruad cOlllpanilJ,s,that cOlltrncta for Chinc!;o blwl"crs to ,10 allthe .gr;~ding, illfor.l:l& u" th"t the lWt~I'agccost IS 80 cClll1I a day,a,'tllal worl"lIlg tilly!! oflen hOllrlS eacl~, 'fIUlY P:lY lhc white lal}(u·tlrolor~ thaI' t\\'lc~ t.IIIII:.-·$1.,75 a tlay-~allol theycoo'iiltle .. tha.t ..... l.lIe a CI'lll:l.lIlan wurks ..... ithstetulint:l>3, a whittl 1l,IUI ..... ill/ln Qlle tltirtlmorelahor, but as the Chillall1<t.1l 1)4Jl\r,l:J hiulI,tl!f "thilli what .tliC white mliU rcccinla, it will beseel1 th:ttlt costa $I.~)ij. or Icss. tQ gct WOl·kt1~ne b}" Chincse that the whitc man I'eccin'a$1.75 for doing. So the rliilroads engag-e ChI­ne9fJ to ~ral1e the rOi~I1.s an, I ha\'e whi C lIIento BnpeJ"iu'el:d;IJI "U008es." Of late they anset~ing Chinese to work I1S teamstcrs, hccanse.... hlte IHtln cn.nn(.ot always bc fuunll ""bcllneeded.

The C~lillCliC are iu~·ah'nl.Jle fc.r ~rul,}'illgand cleanng 1;\1111, which tue.\' tlto at l\ pI·iccthAt enallle<s fl\rnl~[':j to hl\\'c their hl'Ullh 1,'11,1e~eared, We h:l.ve pai,1 :$14 all <lurc ftol" gruh.blllg lawl all.-l luadu thc lIl(lIL(~y cleM oil thefir~t l:1'0P of ~·llt·at, \\ hicli ~CJId a.t $1 a Im!!bel.

In th'l allsellce of ..... hito labor ChiuclIe areelilIllI'ycll III light 1Ilanufactul'illl! anll nllllWCI'

ven' ...... ell at it. They arc also tJlnploye,J illgreat Illlmherl:l as h(lUllc SCl'vanb - 1I0l I!J1,sewho are Ilay lal>lJrer~, but a llilll''; illttJlligt:utclus that take up that hlaucla of lifil, WlltJrewhite girl!! nre l:IO s~I'ce. it iJf a ~;J·e..t bt<lJl:fitto find Chine:.e *l 11scful. ~Ianv f:U"lllel''8 elll'ploy t1lelll ill tile kiteht'll a.., ,\\' ell lUI ill thoheM. \\-., IMve kllOWll fltnlll;l"~, ill hnn·,,;ttillie, wh"n Illlnhle to procnre white lalo(lI'';J'd,to go tc. 1"..... 11 IU\11 l'l'illg Ollt Ghiuanlcll. auilllOllll IU'eak tllt:lll ill to l.oe of lUle. At lht:pl·~lIt tilllt'l "'c Ira\ e lI. l,;:,illel;c ill uur kitchenwh,! i.. a gonol. cook, clean an'! neat, ellouollli­1·:t1 3nd .. ..J tlunk thoroughly hunl:st, who dOt~8~is ,luty ill a Cjuiet wa~·. haa learned ourI 1tla.8 01 WOl k, awl .....~ p."\y him $:\.;')0 a wcek,HOine son'Anta receive fnlln $I:! to $'2;) Amonth in the lowns, And io thc country anygood girl or .....OlOan who is Willing and capa'ble can aIWA)'s lrIecure a goocl place allil (nil'waqes.

Deairious of ('iving ~orl'ed infol'lIlAtion, wehave v~:iite,~ di~'erellt11IanuLctllriug (J:ital,lish.IIlcnls In tillS City, anti the Gtftccrll of st am.boat cllrJ;nl:Atio.ll~. awl lcarued tile CUI'relltwnc:es pal'! III rfiltertlllt departlllcnt8 of lahol'alld will pfl)e~ll to give the result.

J. B. Collgle &. Co" hafn~ makerl'l, inforlllU8 that they make all thcir hArllt:S8 /lUU aad.dl~ for whulcsale a,,,l retail trailc; gno,l har­ness makers a\'el'agt:: $3 a. llay, Iln,l wages I'UIIfrom $2 ~o $4 aday, the fact heing th:lt extrahands will c!tlal 3-1, Si\·lrlie l,antl'Hllake (r(J1Il

$3 tu $;i a day, gaucr.,lIy worklllg UII piccework \\ here the mod skiltrul lIlakc:i the mOIStwuges.

Cabinet making is e<1.rri'l,1 cm quite extell­sively and SUl.,ec$lfully 88 we have stattlu.\Vu leaI'll from ~IesIHlIShilllllcr&.Chadhoutll~the olde'lt fumiture !Louse in the St..lte, al!l~

frOnt 1. F. Powenl. a "ery exatoosive manu­facturer, that their halllh~ at steady work, tireyear roullrf, average to make $2.20 to $2.50pertlll.y, They jllform.lls that skillelllaborha~ not been liifficult to ohtuin.

C;l.I}>Cnters .....ages M'erngo!2 f,o to $3 a day.ami a. gooil WOrkllll\ll gct.it the latter,

\\" W, j;~.!lpy c,'\rries on the mORt enteMivecaTl'ia,ge lllakll1~ estahlillhment in the State.anll i~ locatc,l 10 this city, He inforlll8 U8thl~t he employell in all 26 men all workmeni II wood alld iroll, trimmers and painters, l\lHlthAt t.hc 8killed ones have all been hrought byhim from the F.ast, uet:/l.use he eould not ealli­Iy find cOlllpetollt meu, Hl~ cOlllf,lains thathe pays too hij{11 wactl8 to J>e ail i" to fairlycompcte with K/stel"ll w()rk~ In IliA employwagon lll<'\kors CArn fl"Olll $:2.60 to $.'1 a day.and mCIl work ing 1Iy the piece freflueutlya\'erageS:l to S:l.fl'Oa rilly, IUacksllliths makefrolll S:!.50 to $4 011 hilj wagon works,. It isIlOt pl1lhable that such wag(ls are mndc hVhlaeksluilhs llellerally, in the COllutry; thereader will fonu his own collcluaiolllj 11.8 to thedifference het.....een first·dl88 work in t"..... nlland the iweragt! of Llaok81Aith work done inthe country. His pailltcrfl and trillllncl"3llv·t..:ra~e :1:1 to $:L",O a day. Mr, Jt~py informsu. that so far:loll he call jUtlgc, good, likillcil\\"orkOlCII find I'callv ellllll"ymcnt.

The 'Villamette iron Works condllct veryextensive foundry an,1 machine work!l, 1.11,1turu out machinery for our largest riverstf'ametll, The sCale of wages is: Ol'dinaryhclper.~ 82 to $2.flO a day: mou'ders $:l.50 to$-I: ml~chinists $:) to $4,

The Ore~on City Woolen Mills have theirolfke MIl store in this CltV, and Mr, .Jacoua,the Superilltendellt /llld c1iief owner, illff'lnlll>\IS tbey WOrk A total of l:W !lamb, two tllinlllof whom arc white an,l olle tliirll are Chlllcse,A" t~le country grows older thtly filld it eAliierto prucure white labor. fUld are replaciug Chi­nese with whiteA, Their scale of wage" rate:CCllOImoll lahor $1.25 to $I.f)() a d::y; Chinese00 centtr to 81: weaVf"rB avera.$.(e Sl.ia a (lar.:8pinner8 $1.2;i to $1':.0. tht.'8e t&llt heingchrl­dreu and vouth~. who have become eMilyadepts in the tm.le. The millll of thill com·p.1.n.y are at the fallOl of the Will.lme~te.twclvc

miles above Portland.The OrcJ:"on R.1.ilw:l.Y Anti No.vj~atioll Colll­

l'lallY in an illimellae corp'Jrat 011 With railro.'\lh.in 0l)(>ration anti pI'Ct.'tH8 of comltrllctiollandfitl'nmbOiltR hy the .core running on aU ourl'ivf'I'Il, In ansYo'er to ollr rt'fluf'lIt ff'll' intor­mation ......o ha\'e the followiw.g' schedule fur­nilllwel of W,1..~ell pair! by this cntn;.'a.ny:

C't IS,'i1'Rlll"TlO:'\ Accoo S'T'-· Jt:nginool't' (assis­t.n.ntl $12;) to $1:>0 per mouth nlul expen!ocs;rotllllp.i f;:li) to 8-&0 a month ami expp.l1ses;trall.'dt lIlf1l ~lOO • month Awl ex.peIlAf".S;1,lackllrnit,hY tl.rlO to $4. Jll'r nay; cn.r~lJt(>rsS3.no to 84; cnrpentcrll' a.~illtallb $1.7a to$?;track-Iayp.rll fironlllcn) 82 to $2.00; lahorerswith tROIllS ~.50; ell.ICiRl..'er~ of co' strnctiontrnin. $:l,;)(); conductors $f I to $100 permouth; hrn.kelilen ~J6 per mOllth; foremen ofganKS $75 to $100 I~r mouth,

(h·~:R."1'I:'\.l An'CoO':T--Stat-ion mell: ClerkM$7!i to $I:!ii Il. month: (.rllckllJ(,'lt Burl l~.I00rer!!

iAA reI· m',nth; 10llgBhorelilen 1er hour:W to..,: eenta

k"AT}\' l':S-lllt 'llJ!in·'en. ......ith honr.l. fM'rmonth ~Ino to $12."\: :!II enRil1eers ~r,O to f;j;'j;fircmcn $,;M); t1 ..d- lIallelll $-I;; to $;lO; luate!!S;.i: "tewar I.s SfJO 1.0 57.i; w;~itel's $2.i to $30,

1'JuI1'Os.-Telewaph opemtor8 $75; coI\llnc·tor..,~ to $100; Vlmlmastera $-;0; hnk"lI1ellfill train ii'! per day; cn!:iRl~ers $100 to $I'!O1'(11' Illonth; tiremen ino to .!j(;6,

~II01's-fl'a<:hillillt per nay $3,;>0 to $t:l",ih'l' lIlakCl'1I $4; helper" $2 to $'2.:10: hlack·IIl1litlls $3 to ~4: hla<:ksl1litha' hdperll $2.m to$:l: enl'pellters $:l. liO; cal' rE'.»n in~rM $2 to $:!.flO;paillt.cl·tI S:ti'iO: lal'on:I'1l ~2 to $2.M; tt:\ckIl\horcr!! $1.Rfl to $2 a ,IllY,

1/1 the pl'illtin~ IJ\lllillellll; we pay 40 cent.~

lK:r olle thousand ~rnll fill' d"y wnrk amI r>oe('llt.q for u;ght work. f:oocl printers W3.':"CIJrlln from !15 to $20 pel" week...-

RI-:"tTU 0.' Oil. ("I:.04TRI'.

0" r )lnl,,1 ftlul Pry (·llmlll .." C·(J.lr.... rMl ••F.rl..b Ht·ll.Url.... IIII' Ht·ltllll ur Ilu~ "·".If".

('ul" ...hlnn .f"gl•••

The wlnlcl is t:Rpecil\lIy intcre.c:;tcd in know·ing what the conclitiilns of lIew regions arewith regt\rd to health, and in furnillhin~ infor­mation with regar,l to th~ Pacific Northwestit woulil he a. ~reat omission to ne~leet to plllcereliahle facts hefore the world IIpon thia im·pOl'taut head, }<~ver Mince the country hasbeen under the D, So flag the geneml armyrep...rts have IOvariahl.Y heen favorahle withregar'l to the he"lth of all po_ts elltahlishedonthe Nort.hwcst Cf'lilSt. These reports sltowabetter averB~e condition of heal' h in all thisregion Uln lor any other portion of the na­tion 11omain, Here is "the mlltt positive alldreliable evidcnce that CAn be hall, ..vhich is o(cour8C strictly official and uii!intel'ejted, as tothe health of the conntrv,

To he ahle to ~ive reliahle infonn:lti~·.l onthis sl1hjtJct we hnve consulted two eminentph,V,'liei:.ms of Ollr Stlte, hotll of whom IHI".Jhaol ~r6A.t experiellce. !Jr, W. H, Watkir,sII.IItI 01-, H, Carpenter, nn/I from them havegathcre.l the poilltll which follow. Westel'n

Oregon and Washington po88Ca a moist cli­mate. Thc wind:t that IIfmally SWC4 p this reo~ion in Slim lIer nre from thc Northwest; in'Vinter frolll the SolltlI'W~t. ill each seasonthese Willll::!, direct frOIll tile oceall, Lring nomiasma llr iufeetioll, The fll'etlont \Vin1;erhas "'e<'n a very lInUlmal prevalcnce of }tAster­Iy winds, bnt theijc cn.l1Ie off the l:inow lIloun­hillS, or were 8wept over thc ,)ry illteriorcOllHtry ali(I haelliO nria!llll1l.tic tn.illt. ] II ma.ny,'efilpeot8 thiR bas !leen all ullusually .!levere·\\'iutcr. with snuw and continuous froats anrlhenvy rainll' o.lHl ftoo/18, Cjuite astouitlhing' themerrml"V of the olilcat inhabitant, Bllt fOl' aUthat it'has heell a remarkahly hea.lthy \Vin·tf'r, Pysician8 agree thAt Winter raius con­6ti'.nte the mMt healthy lIell.son we hAve.

O..... ing to the ullua.l abAence of llevcre c"ldor extreme heat. the viciSliittitle. of c1imllteC1rnillOn to this Iltitude in other puts ofAmericn :Ire lJllkown hE're. ~JuahiJity oftemper3ture fn\'ol'll health, Iu \\ estern Orl:.{{on rheullIatic An(l nerVOUrB di80rderll sre 1et18felt, alltl ..... hell fclt are less severe than iNmost ntller collntrie8. Dr, Carpenter sufTer'ell in TO ..... II.. scn-cml timCil a year, from severeattacks of rheumatifilll, whilc Irl:lre, he has hadhut One attack of consequence in twcntyyl'AnI. .

This climate i~ not ao fllvo"I\b1e, fOr wcakIlIn~, as tlult J<:',\llt "f the CMcatles, which luugrea.ror altitnde, ia lightt'r allli drier air, BndcOllsi,lercll, in Rnllllller a.n,1 i'llI e8'peci"lly,"ery favorahIe fo; pnlmol1l\cy cOlllplllll1t.'1, Ulltthere is no telllllmey h~re to III ig complaints1I11Ie.,s inetuced !ly undue exposllre. Therc iaa pa.rt of this va!lE'Y, a nlllTOW lJtrip, swept bythe winds that comel from tile ocea.lI througha low PIllJS in tire Coast ranJ::e, ..... here lungCOlli plaints are Illore commOll thAn elsewhere,All a u·~ual thiu,l( Ilisea.8erl lun." are inher;tedor importe,l. and 1I0t nAtive in their origin,It is not ill an\' sellse a con.~\lJllptive region­lUll$!' (lisCJ\.>IE-I <10 1I0t 'con1mnl\ly prevail; ilud,If"athll s"ldom O<..'Cur from thAt caulle. while}o:tl8t of the CnSC:If-II''' the climatc is peculiarlyfavomhle (or weak Illngs.

The f'f\)AAt region aud the wide interiOrenllntry are froe from mi&8l1la, of' which weh,1.V6 enolu:ll in tbe "'estern valleys. exceptROJ:l'ue river, to Call1!op. slit(ht l\ttackl'l of chillllBml fl'ver flCCaI'Iiollalh- j,nt, it is not luch a.Ii"f'alle here 1\8 is kllo~\'n in the MillSiJ!>lippi\·l1.lIey reW/)ll, or in thp. :"i;ll:rnmento allrl S~lll

.Io'uluin vaHel's in (',.llifOl'lra, wbil'lI :l.re rie­I"idcetly unheAlth". The"~ IIt'l'ml'l 110 nCt:es­oily to sutler frolil chillI! IUHI ff'\'er whel'" or­dillary prudence is eXClrl'i.~ell. Mr. L. Hen­l'i~hllon, a sllhacrihel' who !iVI'8 on Sau\·jl\'s b­lllnd. An f'xteusive holtOn! ,1.t the l!Ontluellceof th(l Colllrnbia and Wilblllc:tte ri\'el's, hal'lIivl',l in this sort of 11I1.,tLlit:v for thirt.y year:i.'\nd StLyll he has II. vcry healthy falllily hy al­wn.v. takin.ll a littll: cart: 101lllC pl'en·ntive.qwhen a..y of the flilllilv look A trifle out ofMorh. Take t"'is val1,.~, thl'fJuc:1l. nllll tll/'re islittle dillease from malAria. llml whnt littlenlerA I~ leaves uo seriollll efT.'cts, Till' Nlll'th""'iurl of :-:u,nmtlr, wltell perlllitle,l to \'t'lltilate'IIlr hOlll(l.~. SW6(>f1!'1 l'Iway All i,nrllriries I\.ndsecUrt'S health. \\'bile we CAnnot 9o'\y that weha\'6 110 chills allri fever. 'ol.e Cl\1l 'ay thAt itnista in a "ery mild type. llood not he dr6all­0'11 ann can usually he avoi,led hy cl\ution inohsen'illg ittr ar~'roaeh. Ill:l.n "rride writtenOil the !telllth of thiareJ.,rion nr, \\'ntkius say.:"In the \VJllalllette valley ll"e have the Foil.the allu\'ialllcJlI1S'it, the llJois'ure......hir:h inIlI,llAua and I1'inuis \"f'lulrl C:l.lIl1C ague aun in·termittenta to be rife thl'ollj,!h the communitv,hut the,V inv3riahly yitllel to I'cm",dies in ami.ndO:telt when o,;ca-sional cascla nr(l foulld, The.typll ill commonly wherc II. ddll OI'cnnl l'very~thl~r Ila\"," He attrihllte.~ this free/10m frommnllll'ia,'disonier to our Nort,hcl'll latitude,,Iailv dca hreezes, cool. hraeillg' lliJ.;ht::ll\lIr1 themrilinm templ'rnture of Ollr warmest davs,Ho a,),I8: "t:Vf,hU8 all,1 typhoid fevel's hrlVe!lover been epil emic ill Orccon.·

Thill cOllutry ill llulIlIually f!"C'o frolll li\'l"-rcOllllllainta, thllllj.(h of conl'SC the ,'Iilllatt> is1I0t rCMlllm"ilole fur etfcdoll PI·I,dllGt.',1 I." al"ho­!rolie Stlllllll,U1t.'S or othcr ahuses "f naturc,

III'. \Valklil8 aMerta t!J"t. rl',idcnl.·C i'l thecountry F.:lst of the lIIiJllut.'lillf i8 a81K'I:;lic forIUIthma S/l complete th:lt a sut\crer will oftellohtniu relief fmlll hreatilillg that atmo:iphere(or ollly forty-eight hours, Tire only ~xccp­

tinn to his rulc seem" to he whell the rliseascha'l continued 80 lon~ thAt orga.nit: c1mngE'sh:\\'tl taken place thnt al'e illclll'ahe, The8:lnrepB.tiCllt, aftcr 101lg l-eMirlcllce ill l~astf>l-li Ore­gon, on rctllrllin.':' to Western Oregon ......iII he·come AF.ll.in a "!lffner. And yet, thil'l valleyi!l 1I0t llullf1alth.v ill this l'eflpC\'t. ,·ht,hllla istlot BI:OIllIllOIi cOlllpbint 111I,1 iM nllt I;ev~re.

hut thCl'c :l.re oCl'Mional l'al"l:!'I; n'si,!pnce intlJC flll,thilll'cl!wn hall often h(~ml found to re­lit!\'e thosll wh() have it, \-\'c know of At~ase

wllere It 101111 A/-Ce,1 rll) move" t,o tlll~ foothilll'lartp.r slllllll'ill~ IlIndl frorn I\ijthm,\ for years.and WIUI Wl 11 fflr twentv-fivcyl'll.l'safterwal'dfl.

The clinll\!e Kll't of the 11l01l1lh.ius, as itha.'1 f.:"1'f'atcl'hcat ill ~llnllJlel" IIllrl t:olll in \\'Iu­till', ill leR:$ fn"orahle to dh'lIl11l,ti:<U! tb,Ul this,nllc~'. Loc;d I'an~f'!f pn... lnce .IiJ<e/18e here as..I~ewl.cl't', niphtheri;\ c:.Il!fe!! 8,'\.l ravllge8, attimell, alltl this "'in'er lIouI·let fever hnllclaimC41 \'idillls. ,,-J,enC\'el' cont.AJ{iou8 orepitltllllit: oIi~3.>Jt~~ IK'l.'lIr. Jlh~,:ticiallil t~IRilll tbattheir mal igll:~llt feat.lIrf't.e 'I r(! oftl'n grl,,,tly motI·ifiCiI by the efr"ctsof climate 1n all retlpects,;11 pr''iluctiull IIf fArlllil,g I'e ,lilt. nn,1 a.s wp.llill 1'C8J;lCct to hcalth, the UlIIllIunl lJVCIIllellS ofOur chmate i" ~ strong fAd-Q1' in ollr fl\\·or.

'Ve hear o::caslOnally of pneumonia, but notoften, allli lleJ,loll1 with falallesulte, while ItSprevalence alld destTuctivenC88 in th~ Statesof thl:l Mi88is8lppi vaHey ill wdl ull,l~rst.ood.It is r~corde<l I.y the United Statee ArmySurgeons that fevers and wounds get wellhere much quicker thAn iu the AtlanticStates.

Thill is 1\ conntry where women III erl to tJlkeRoocl care of themselves. Long: tl'sidtmce hasshown us that female disea.seM and weaknes8are vcry pre\"alent. Perhaps thIS humitl1l.t­U10llphere haM something to l10with it, Wheth~er this is aillo true of the l<AlIterLI climate wecnllllflt llay, Iiut it seema to he the fact ill the\VillAmette valley,

\\'estern Ortlgon ha'l much tile same climateIll' f<:nglAlld a.nd it i8 Iloticeahle tha.t we havealready a tenllency to the disease8 pn:'. alen~in that counlry. awl while England is thelIIost he.1lthy portion of Europe we believethat Our ~tat.e uears the sallie rdatiun to thecontinent of America. Sn far, this regl(jn haain &. great measure immur.ity from many lii.­e.,\liell that prevail elsewbere, Thht cannot al­W3Yll last; the settlement of &. country and ita·ultivation wiII nece88arily produ~e .c~an~es;

diseaae ia a product of too much clvthzatlOD,anll thougb it Illay be BOrne generatiollll hence,our Wealern valleys will in time no doubt besuhject to the diatla8es which prevail else·where in the world in similar moiat climates.

•EIPERIJI[ENTAL FARMINO.

AAROS K WAIT.

__ .~ _ _.__ ._~ .. s __ ._ _ as. a I;.. is

the ,li"c~uragingcirCUllIstnnces that all ~pl"ilJr.: ,\~'itl,1 th~ \'ll.8t interior )llaillS ..f 'Vl\llhill~tol1 eRn R;TOW rye and harley if we wish to, buiwhent, m a year whell thcl'e WaJI a grc:\t area. I el'l'ltory t" tlrnw IIp<'", what lIIay we expect t101l't seem tQ hM'e much \lSe for thtlOl, a~ oat.or Sprillg 80WII grain, Win I·UiIlCII hy rlllit. If fOl'the C...ltullbi;m ['I!;.:iou WllCti fl,not,Uc[' teU 1I.1'C M Iln.turnl her as h'\dey III California.tht! yield of 1~79, which~" of courso the Im.~ill y"AI'S of iIWr(~'lfll·,1Il0pI!11I.tiullaIH1dc\'dopTnelit L,'lax ill ~rowlI cOllsill('rahly in Liull ('CHlUty,of retllrt"!s maele Iatlt H~)J'lll~. hall c't"allt.~ll tho ~klll he l't~ali:r.cd? Th,' tntltl prudndiou of nlhl leHs 111 Ll\lIC, an,lus'·,1 for the lllA.llufatureharvellt /u~t pa8!\cll, a.~ It fully prollilscil to lin, ",·ht.."t ill 18j9 W:\i'I '2,:l40,j4Li b1l.'~helli, all11 our of oil .."t &-Iem, The \\'illnll\ette connt.eathe tota whoat pro,lunt of our State wunlol t,~xporh were nWl"cLv to :-\IUl FI':l.lIcisco, wbilo grow over two million poulltls of hops. a.t aDbue rcachetl ten llIilliollll of bU8helF!, and tho ill 1880, the total ~'lH'lI.t licit! IUU!\t a.pproach I\\'llngo j'icM of oycr 800 pOlmcla to the nere.totl\l value of prOtlncts hAve iucreaset) to Il<.'llrly to 10,000,000, '" fOlirfoI.! iUI'r\,'I~8e with l'otatoel font up 1,3W.4Hi bll!lhels, antI we$15,000,000. A8 it WAI. the iIlCTelUt'J of .... nllle a poplllt\tioll Ilnt douhlt,.l, ba\'o as lIInny more huehela of appl(',,: )lCl\Che8of proclucb ill tell yCArs wu OVIr le\"ellty O:lts furm 111I illl»ortll.llt cm». nau in favor- du best iu "aaco COlluty, awl w('11 ill otherper ce~t. fo~rOIll $7, 12'"1,j~ o! t~t.'1.1 farm ~ro· a~blc 8~a~Olllil we make lal'ge l'XPOI't8 to San ~Aultcrn ('Quntiea, and also in Southf'Tll Oregon.uucts 10 1870, to $12,11..,.016 III 1880. IS a I'rnuclillco. 1'I'oulldioll ball wOl'e thnndoublell Orchll.rd rrodueta are put 110\\"11 at a h'llf mil·healthy improveUl8ut. in the 'aat. lIec:\,lc. R)'@, hilrla)' ami India.n hon doll»,.,., llllt the trnth is ft'w people know

It is safe eaQugh to estimate tha.t w. hnve corn likure slJlall iu our cenlus hal.:lUL"O Iheet. the value of fruit u it is largely Rllowcti to 80ten millions of acrcs of land Iluaptetl thgrOuKh· The cO.llut-ies Soutb (Douglal, JacklOn anl1 w.ate, or ia uaed for free COlllUluptioll at hgmely to wheat culture. nnu wbito we gro\" ten Joeephn,ul) grow the erc.:loter part of wlJnt we when there is not a demand for Ihipment,millione of bushels or wheat with le81 tlJan raise. u tb. cliDut.te ia (a'Vorable, and tlJe Witb 121 acrea in grapea we sell f15,780400.000 &craft in cultivation, ho..· the po8Ii. Willamctte valley conntiea plaut lOme (lOrn worth, and make nearly ten t-hOl18aOfI galleD'hili tiNt of tile futuro 10l)ln tip wilell we cOIlIl!,l~r .tiel,~~, bllt the. h~.ttcr snce:ess at, otl,.~r .o81'cal~ of wine; A good StJ,0'lVi118 for 1ihe gn~II111 cui"·tile reflu1t11 of IlI\tve.l:nn~ ten thm~ thl'4t I\rea! ]natlflealetUug com l'reU~' IllI1f'h aTone. We vatel\,

!!•o

c•oouo

--. -_.,- - .-~_.- ._- .._.. - ---

"••.0.0.a:>o~zo

1850

•.a;:~."=­. z 0

---1-

POPULATION.

1880

COUNTIES..

OOVNTIU.

Baker .lknton .Clac'umu.Cla~ ...Columbia. .

Curry .....Douglu•..Grant. .

tckson .osephine .

ke , ....

Coos .

---1--- ---i--

Jo'AltMS--'l'KNUIlK. ACHKAGK AND VAI.U&.

~ t . "'. - /---,------...---A" .9 ~2 ~2'f:~ ';2 ~ 'o.!.~,:,. ~~ .. "• " .111 l:l 0" """l:l Q :l g. r... Sl 1'1.2

.Q "l:l=t;·;;IC a-"o ~ '1:1'- ~'-'" J,.,.~.;:I: ..=~ ~·-o~ow~ ~I.~ :laa· ~. g_ •0" :::]::: •.~ ~:l'g~ .~,,:; 1.....!"l:l.E.: s-=:rz.2 ~"ii'::'~:S ~SQ•• ;:;'_~.Q ';:;'~c,~~;:;',;:: ..::..

An-II. AtTu. DoJlarJ. 1)oilarJ. £N'~'o~r~,~. lJol-;;;;;:Baker..... 4631 3804 , •... 390 337 11 11 36441 3 1380 530450 54509 943728 45138Benton. ... 6354 4584 3074 114 606 502 22 80 66l:no 1.3466 3111495 149'>95 415871 172261Clackalnns. 9287 5993 3466 1850 1374 1197 81 S4 356S7 31652 3817544 126576 365177 882~

Clatsop ... 6025 1355 498 643 161 137 , 17 5300 4744 37373(1\ 8294 42682 13901Columbia.. 2045 863 532 462 158 143 II 04 1563 13025 408215 lOuH 76115 1°773COl»...... 484lJ 16« 445 ". 597 569 14 15 9331 16096 9l4l)39 2l:k>o4 157333 23116Curry..... 1210 504 393 17 1 167 , 4 1751 39a8 409695 8655 95773 12133Douglas,., 9560 6066 3:lO3 1053 856 81 116 87903 2197 1 3897.175 177306 669343 137396Grant..... 4J04 2251 374 317 4 33 15745 24542 44oH75 46390 943655 66753Jackson... 8160 4778 3736... 612 506 29 50 45335 44663 1705455 117943 384400 59019~~pbine.. 2193 1204 162J 270 351 9 10 13931 6638 370805 2i237 97760 18267

ke .. _... , 3&)7 ........ ........ 347 237 b 15 9691 33313 439025 4 6Sfl 506301 40633Lane...... 9J76 6436 47~ 1067 1°50 62 152 935Ho 135088 4789330 253161 616609 107112Linn...... 12711 8717 6772 994 1532 113J 6) 346 174119 1°4120 4°53022 37114J 8c}6161 14542.4-~[arion. ... 14So1 9965 7088 2749 1452 1210 69 173 159264 34S90 7867303 322&98 740870 103236Multnomah 39092 11510 4150 507 434 55 17 10584 16286 2279980 65549 186445 719J3Polk...... 6513 4701 3623 1°51 7891 583 39 167 101164 66365 -4534719 194685 546049 139952TillAmook. 970 408 95 235 332 3 6:302 365J JI1648 10997 67047 S409Umntilla... 9'i14 3916 1096 IClO4 20 83 118235 26000 1065 265533 167)265 183219,Union. 6703 2552 657 591 36 45 36543 55738 1429995 127780 986584 55402Wuco 1023X 3509 1689........ 875 837 9 39 64715 14469 1724190 1160g0 1771380 147J41WlUhington 7091 4361 2801 3652 935 808 50 79 ~40 14380 33317°3 --43595 ) 82519 Jl07:J9YRmhill ... 7950 5012 3345 15U 1008 7801 85 148 I 37 21a,71 5181735 24IS63 _5_51~7_5_41_~14...,9-:'6_7

Total. .~ .. 1-'_-72-?-~-~il_909~'~3~~5'~4~6~5;;;;:;1~3;;;'9;4;;;'6~4~66;;;;1~38;;7~O~~7~68;;;;;~16;;4~8;;;;1~'>9~3~'8~F911~!;:;;5'28~3~53~7~'~36~4~3~2~9~'3~?~50~'~31~1~6~7>~O;:;I~8¢6~~3~''i-6 _tie 1 It It ~ • .!I;;..: Ci." • '0 0." l il' c3 c3 'E ~ 11• 0 0 •• G,... La.d~ H...... H....~ ~ ~ ~ t·' VI t:ll." 8 8.Q i. a.Q ." -!I 11 .. u -:!! _&!i~] taii~~ :I ~o i i <5 :i ~

-----I--......-:..-'-+-~I-:~~,.-. -+A-:'-'-'.'---'-:T~"-"-' --:-:.-"~'h-.7..1-1-:7:"-I,-::,",,=.-II-_-I!-,-·1-71:...:.-I-::,,:,.:.-1---.1----1----Dnltll'·" l)u1l'HA. )luWIL lla,. IS~"'" It , Ito, .". .. 1110. )rOo flo. O-.l\.on.. Lbt.2):),114 84.616 II,J73 14,119 Xl 9.680 387 217 1524035° 60541.004 2,11)0 46.9706.18.016 417,~J 60339 10.63S 3,326 3,263 83 143 2,197 2,665 3,65] IJO 85,547565.555 J19.556 5.40.1 9,1')6 65 2,562 86«) 1]6 939 3,253 1,339 5,956 350 148,49049.zoS 50,214 ).160 2.257 148 191 1-47 12 160 8-43 517 92; 5°,992 44.6:J63.8Hz 71,244 +735 3,559 ...... )~ 307 5 195 863 724 1,0:18 60 47,294.757 1l'i3.102 2,006 4.,352 249 80n 347 S5 402 3.582 949, 5. 190 2,590 88,061(x), 760 61),849 483 1,018 ...... 49Z 373 76 98 1.076 9251 3,243 1]0 47.J65

829,177 674.094 IJ.29' 1c).316 -433 $.0JO 5.265 75 331 4,~29 4.948 8.7S1 1,c)65 120,lS94144,111 132.579 6,254 8.445·.···· 9.709 507 254 100 I, gc l,j84 84,555 $.475 19,765477.051\ IOS.9Cl5 11.6S7 20.226 201 5,022 1,40-1 171 34 2,168 1,001 8,309 6 68,1}821004.0J2 2 775 J.460 4.533 35 1,000 48 74 17 1,120 120 2,949....... 26.686325,971 11,84-1 12.65' 36 ~,jJS 224 97 1.4°5 31,3421....... 53.515

L&ne...... 864,304 619.603 9.593 15.955 362 ,988 4,S74 liS 1'12 5,J00 5,158 7,7~1 21,540 ,S5,323Linn...... 1,368.090 782,915 13,101 18.999 S47 7,827 9,244 129 261 ),000 -4.ro5 7,2, II 50 392.H4Marion .... 1,511,336 417.834 8,322 IJ.474 235 5.734 1,707 222 117 4"HS 1.830 6,051, 1~,250 224,019Multnomah 586,704 318,839 i,655 9,655 61 1,253 8JS 35 139 2,735 1,906 1,J8215S,':;10 222,673Polk."... 1,093,858 555,045 .479 14,351 157 4,774 ),86] 52 049 2,J.~O 3,092 4.195 SeQ 9 2 •Kt4Tillamook, 60,146 3u,op 1,543 3,415 56 330 86 1\\1011,157 37011 1,1~4 400 7'),S02Umatilla" 958,965 514,816 7,655 15.45,\ 36 16,fJO; I;;;~~ 250 65 4,('00 70317 28,) 8 2,Ojl t3I,y)jUnion.... 430,145 385,936 16.991 2j,2Slj 357 12.659 ~... 70 110 4.617 ],9'5 20,630 2,210 ".1.55 1Wuco .... 441,068 387.762 8,6141 14,975 I 17,761 2,432 1271 73 2,6551 1,21)1 38.329 ]4.;02 49,24SWasaingt'll 677.836 43o,I~8 7.623 9,628 230 2,720 I,iIS 81 255 2.61,4 1,50.1 3, '7~ 362 151,9,'<2Yamhill... J,332,785 no,76.Ci 6,706 12,347 213 4.464 4.202 1731 126 2,75(1 J,O';l 5,Oj I 1011136'749

~_:;;;T~ola~I~.~..:~I~1~'.~8~",.~~.<Y/~.~6';:7~. ~"~2~.7~9Ol~7~'4:'33~,;1~;~63:.~85~1:1;:3.. 7~5~'~':"';::;08~5~;;';;51'~7:0':f~2.:660~)1J.;.<Y/~9:164.:::.'~!~5 J.~~6;;~78. 148

:~•• n - - $I..... I Sw;.e. Bodey. Badey. ·!1lArley.l ".51l l)n thud On flanrl Fleece!';. Weigbt.1 Weiehl. ]

~ -

COUNTJI!S

'Ve puhlish this week tl\hlM carefully com.piled hy Mr. SnkfitllJl"r. Superintendent ofihe Gemllla for this Stllotc, from the very vol­umiuous retunUJ from the various cotluties,forming a. Yalu~ble summary of fn.cb relativew population, IlUlll!', property of aU kinus,

f. l1>llucts and mnllufacturc8, which will goorth to the worM A.S au, evidence that Oregon

is makill.'{ rapitl I\(hallC611l6ut. These tn,hIeshave hccll prepared At Iorreat cost and are thoprivate property. by virtue of a right, of .r.K. Hill & Co. !lud Mr. A. A. Bynon, who Rrepublishers of the forthcoming dil'ectory forwhich these consul'! tnhlci'5 nreilltfo.nded. They1\1'6 published by lie hy con~ent of the OWllCrlJ

of the copyright, nlHl, of course, 110 personhaa any right to rtlpllblilJh them from our col­utm18, which fAct we are r()(!uestell to makeknowu to avoid tlifllcultv. . 'he reAdcrs 1'( the....AR1'UR are fortullnte in bcillg ahlc to hAoVCthe rcsllite of the CCllll"S presented to them inthis manner, far in ntl\'IUICe of their pubhcn·tion at Wa.shillgtoU.

'Ve should be glAd to have similar tableeconcerning the CCIiSUS of W ullington Tcrrito­ry, if they could be procur6(1 at rCfl:Mnableeoet ..but are 1I0t able to get them.

The first cohlmhs 1I110W the census enumera·tions takcn in ISM. I8GO. 1870 and 1880.)1any condies bad 110 or~l\lliUitiou in 18r>O.IOllr were not l,rgllouiJ':ell 111 1860, Ilolld LakeCOUllty hB.8 been urganized sinctl 1870, Thor"l\Te 16,4GO fanus ill the St..'\te and 13,870 own­crs of farm!'!. Reutcrs to the number of 768Pl\Y money rellt for farllls, and 1,648 perSOlilrent farms and pay a share of the produCle.Tbe numher 'of aurcs in clllth'n.tioli is ellmlnednp thus:

ACtUl!,

Tillerl. including fallow Rile I grlWl inrobtion , 1,229.318

Permanent meadow.. pastures aUfIorchards ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 985,283

'!'otal v:dllll.lion, , .. ~HO,764, J 13.It is li.'\fo ttl 14:ly ·,h"t thc property ahQ\'e

l'lellcril>fHl coulll 1I0t ho ',"ught fur le1l8 thAutwice the 8um tlJtnl ahO\·IJ givell. Sale. offarm mlloChinery in thi. city. auu from thtlbrl\rlch hOlliles throngh the country, aggregatehalf the amount "i\'en as vl\lue of farm imple·mentA. aunually.

'I'll" Cl'ti hilltl; l,r fill'll I 111'0,1 Ill; ts foob II p h1\llIl­~qmcly; ie. '12,21;'),011\ :m,1 that. too, tinder

Total. 2,214,00 I

To 8um tbe matter up "ricnr. th:8 St.'\teco\'"erH an area of ahn08t OllC huu,l red tltOll!1l\ntlMluare milea ",nd contains o\'er sixty llIiUioD8of acr.... and there is ouly within ",n thisbound, that owners claim to be reltucetl to a'lytorI; of cultivation. a little ov,'r one &ere inthirty. 'fo make a \'en' lihcral 08timate ofmountaitls and wMte IBud!\ throogh all thiswide eXfans6, there must he I'vcr t<'n a.cre:t ofsood lIoi not in cnlti\,,'\tioll for evcry acrc \·ul·'iv.:Ioted, and there nlllllt 11\1 many millions ofaorea that. are ulI~cttlerl, uuclailUc11, nnll stillwaiting for lI.l ..... C('lUer8 to 10'1atc alHI ,mbrlue.tbat. are well worth occupyiniS'

Tho.! Willamette vaJlev 18 ,",UppO!Il'll ttl t>­thickly Rottlflol. II.ll.t is the ohl."tlt llOrlioll oftbe State. The Oregotl City land diatrict in·.ludee llIost of thia valley, al"O the cw.st to'he Wast. of it, nml the Oregon aiue of thelower Columhi& riv8r. In the wbole districtth~rf' i~ G.liUl8.000 &Crell. flf which 3. j"O, 000&ClI'M bAlI been 8U"eyed, of which 2.599,0001;l.C,"u:~I. 1~\UtK u~rly 1,~'tMJ,OOO acrN ofthe aun-ered land unoccupied, while a gTeatportion 0 the 3,059,000 acre. of unllurveyedland in thi. district ia known to b. nry ricbeoiltha.t wiJlaometime invite deolle .ettlement.

Compnring the table. (urni"h.d u. fromHon. L. ". Hario, Rcgister of Lanll Office atOregon City, Ihowing quantity of lanll 8ur·veyed and occllpiud. wit.h the cemms tahlel.we find that only a little over one· third of theoccupied ~nd ia 10 cultivation. and the culti·nted "rea is only one·fiftb of what we may!Hlppose to be 8,)Q(\ soil that will eventullllybecome available. 'Ve hy this meaua arrivea' "comprehcl1!live lelcll of the conditions thatprcvail in this, the most p'opnlot1s portions ofthe Northwest COMt r()gion, and can eaailyiml'glile what its futuro will be.

Extending ollr compari"Hn to the whole ofOregon. we find thAt while 2.200,000 A.CrtlS ofla.nd ia cultivAotetl. there i8, if we cnly claimtwo·fifths of the whole all aI'able hmlt, 8till AnarM of 20.000.000 ncrc.~ throll.'!;b the Statethat il good, Aral,le land 1I0t in cllltivAtion.The Oregnnian who illl~illCS that his State isabout devclop&:1 1111(1 that l:Ulll is $C3rce Lere.is greatly clccciv(...1. Tho m~t 3\'ailahltl reogions only are OCt:llpie.1. \\'e who c:une earlyfind homes in Oregon ami \Vashinj(ton onJands not yet tLppreciatell at their worth.

The area in cultivation in the whule State is.carce more than onc·half the aralolc Il\lIu illthe \Yilbmcttc ....a.lley. anll while thu grt'atestgot onto til. 81ll0l'!th pln.c",s, but millious willarca of eultivahlll 11\1,,1 is ill thi,~ \'I\I1I'oY, it iF!yet truc thllt lIot over ollc-ttlird of the Inntlhcre is in f:ultivatir,lI.

The CCIIMlIli \'ldllfl.tinu (,f pl'0pcrty is lIotvorv high as it ~tl'ik(:s U,''1, ant! foots llP all 101·10'l'l"s:

L..1.1ld nnll impr'"l\'CJI1flllIFl, . , .. , .. , ,',i3,721..64::1Yarm machi nory all II toolll.. . . . . .. 2, U1::1, j[>OLive ~tock, , , .. , .. , 13.Il6,7~>()

31•

J

WILLAMETTE FARMER, PORTLAND, OREGON, FEBRUARY., 1881..,

Total..

•OOUNTIJ:S.

Baker ..Benton .Clackamas ,Clarsop. '"Columbia ..

~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ J ~ ~ ~ ~--1-'-1-,-- -1--1---1--=- -1...,--1-:--:-1'-1-=:--1--1--1--1--

1810. 1.,.. Area, 1_ 11.,.. J.rM,...... ........ J'\lIer,BtIoIbfll.. Bu.hell. .!OrM .uabela. Acre., Buln,l.. .uebel.. j.o~ Bull... To_ L'" AIr', Lbe. j,orM. Bua,lL101,681 37.426 ...•.. 1.301 33.905 20306 0 •••••• •••• •••••• 127 1',932257.794 146,235.......... 30.511 485.561 1¢.Sl}8········.··· .. ·.·······.......... 214 32.932at4,999 58,017.......... 1,3,592 217.508 048,650 ..• '" ._ •••.... ,_ ._ _ 1525 XlS.81o

6,508 2,007···· ...•.. 15 408 295...... .•.•.. 162 IS, 1435,282 2,260 ..•. ....•• 144 3.011 1,617 .••..• .•.••• ..•.. ..••.. ..• .•. 117 21,7-4:0

g::,:.::::: ~r:~~ :.~ :::: :::::: I"it 4::~~ ~:t: :::::: :::::: ::::: :::::: :::: :::::: 3~ ~~:~~DoUC1as.. 347,132 188.761 5 JO 29.7Y/ 4410383 104. 246 .•••.. ..••.. 429 52.394Grant...... 35,268 23,426 48 1,190 2,427 44.403 17,259..... 8cJ 8,708

ECkson 137,523 47.800 5 130 10,194 220.493 15,226 ISt 28.771osephine.. 16.056 4.900 41 ,.621 1,486 20,281 100 173 ·········· 23 31,0.43

ke...... 7.031 ,.. 612 9.635 , 49 5,299Lane...... 286.216 235.722 26 358 39,662 5°7,°38 2940771 837 7,187 121 13192,798 412 52,795UnD...... 6~9.164 343,298 10 200 75.109 86l.593 490.294 1.479 13.757 3328.(76 3225.830 709 72,235Marion.... 693.630 164.087 10 320 62.922 1,055,886 232,091 17 130 2 3 41 67.080 1131 153.355Multnomah 23,809 11.882 12 248 599 11,554 5,003·..... ·· ..... ..... ...... 2 1.425 1560 ~3,7JO

~f~·~k.: ~~:~ I~:;nl"'~ ~ 52,~: 8JO.;~ ~~:~ .::::: :::::: ::::: .::::: .. ~~ .I?~~~~ :~; ~::~:jUmatilla... Ij8,766 56,6.}4 98 1,948 30,937 91t.27J 28,209······ 715 81,393Union..... 257.65S 69,660 26 556 11,443 279.856 61.338................................. 223 25,826Waseo 1°5,251 26.593 216 3.240 40683 8.4.778 10,599 442 362Washington 315,489 183.151 13 291 20,~ 375.813 157.187...... 4 3,540 762 115.oq.Yambill... 3790033 219.939 13 526 52. 957.929 374.898 ...... 14 6,150 460 63.4UO

1"'3~.9::z61·2-,O-2-:9.goo 5261-9-,7:"3-61-44-C-,-,66-51W¢~12.340~ 2,333 21.074 -~ 28.179 --;; 213843110260 -;;;.416

Totals. ..•

Baker .•••.Benton ....Clackamas.ClallOp ....Columbia .•

====;=-=""',--=.._~-=-"" ,~-="-="==;=."=r==;===r.~:;=":;=. e;=='ir="F,;""":=r==r=,,,,"'"~;=r=~';~"'-1!""jI"'=_="£="" "="=r="=0. .. tA" 0 0. .~ .~ 0 ~ ~ "" ~ ~ ~ ~

COUNTIES. _~ -! ~ ~ ~ .fi i:;]~ ~ ~~ ~ t-R. ~c ;:~l5= 0. f:t,,~,,~ ,,5 0 .... o!i .,," Za Z::J e ... .S e .5 }~ I ~ ~ .~ ~< 0( -< _ _ _ f-0 0 '' f-o > :>t.' >:::: > l:Q ~

---I--I--'-I--I-I~:-I--- - -1--1- --1....".--1....",..-B..arl.u!.1'rtw

s'/ Baarhl' 1I01l@J.W.1.

"Clre&. v. BUlhClIL ACr'. Tn"'. Bo.tbCllL Dollara. .l6r'.. Doll...... AOr'1 L~' O.UOlll 1I011l1rl. Lb.. LloI.43 1.84 6)7 26 1.241 580 3.273 ..•. ..•... 3 1.730..... 6.532 4~ 20

2'!!! J~ri:~87I,j~m ::~ 2,;~~ ~~; ;tHl :::: :::::: :::8~6:;;';'1::~:~ .. }:~~ .It,i~l, ~~145 8.64 10.846 2 II 332 2.769 .••... . I.SSo 26582 ::Z:Z'7H351 30,797 I 292 M9 10. 128 .... 3,6661 17,044 19687 2.7 18 1.309 . ... 31 33 a27 ..•. . - 30 5,g60 IS6

1.773 118,99 257.476 15 1.2t9 584 53.080 29 2,865 120 4':pz 10,917 300122 4.904 2,790 .•.. 157 66 6·245 ,.... 5.470 .412 .- 34.48~ 96.748 31 ....363 6.289 24.900 10 600 3732,850 5.44° 20,995 11,475 32'278 13,6~2 22.654 66 4.228 5.006 12,742 .... ...... 2 4.300...... ),127 1.930·· 3'27 HJ 66 ••••... 75 I 50 1,995 .

2,007 85,304 121.712 I 599 490 37.144 10 55· 85 3 2,892 7,297 6073,491 t55.777 199.18~ 45 473 787 65,748 I 145 SO 5,012 7.637 17330177 191'22.'.1213'41°1 2 436 22 54.«8 II 2,700.... 2,520 8.529 144

957 ,:;8, 219 34.&)3 5 1.141 51 26,268 25 J, 10 3,200 7$0 48.600 1,115 1711,725 117,68,) 164.2S6 6( 36...... 28,814 ...• 1.225 3,059 117

390'04 271',~~6) S8'.·o3'7~1··80·· ·~·~:S" '2'2','oll"S' 2,587 I 1.512 ,..... 22 4He 4

~ ,. 7Ovq. 41.888 .••. 20 II 12.340 2.552 7,795 65 .

:~ ~~:~I ~~:~~~112~II7.i~8 ~~7 ;;:~~~ ... ~ ..I:~~ '~;I~:jc'x;I.. ·j·~1 g:~~ .....~. . .9Jo 64.74.1 73.54°.... 55 3 19.1'12 10 925 r ·r. 3.405 75

1, 81 7 118.557j 216.147 2 290 40 52,°54 4 300/ 1 ···.:!.:.i 5,621 4,974 194

22.,.641~3~~' 1750.2301 432 44,856 53,676·1--S':'47-,5;;; 78 10,507~ 7S.7801...9~2;S_1:~.~~.2,)7 ~o5.531:d 3.2~

COOl .•••••Curry..••••Douglas....Grant.. , ..•f7klOD

...o~phine..ke .....

!..ane .•••.•linn ......Marion ....Multnomah]f)()11t ••••••Tillamook.

J UmatiUL ••" Union •...

•Wasco ....WashingtonYamhiU ...

.'

In ten )'oara our horscs have illl'reased froUl15.702 to 124,OSS. which milch cows have oulyi()creaaed from48,325 tAl 64,10'1. Total cattl~

• IUmmeration aoout 400,000.

\Ve make in rQuml numbers. two amI ahalf milliOl's of poulllis of hutter. 11.11,) oul}'108.153 l)()untlll of Ilheese. .

The wool clip (I8i!)) aggregate!l li,7ii4,:lG8pounds. agaiutlt 1;080,000 [.tounJIJ III 1870, aliaIt i.B IJIlp.rOf:ed the tntal woolludt:H the prCIHlutyear WI) rea.eh flllly 8,000,000 pOUlIlII:l.

rake the census through alit! it ehowlKOCld bealty progress ill Oregon; Dothing.por..u.io or ephemeral. certainly uothing lieD·

aationaJ. Lut reliable advanecllu:ut tbat wehave ever,. reM()nl to be 8ati...fteil with. It;."• vtd~l'J\ly enc>u~h lhat agriculture IlIU!lt alwnYIhe thf:l iroilurlw('rk of .n the lIucnpfUj WC at·taiD.

MANUFACTURINQ lNTERE8T8.

Oregon is now approaching that sta.g~ofpm·gl'Cl:IlJ wilen wc aro.: ",1.11; to altmct tho atLell tiollof capital in all.lcllllrLlllcub ,.f hll... iueii.'1 amiC:U1 illvite the Illallufacturcr to I;Ollle here lIIHIo.:l:ItaLli"h works ill U1ally Ilcpar; Illcub of tradt'.IIcretof(,rc, we Jlll"e ,Icn~lol){~d little ill theway ()f workiug lip native pl·'HIIICI.ll, CXCt~pt

tllat we ha\"t~ extclJllin: II.W midll. 1\1,11 largcH(Jurilig ll1illll. We IliI\"C abo \\"uolell faetolwfIwhere ()ur native woul il:l worked ttl) illt"cloths, C:lllllilllcrclI. blallkeu., II11UII\J II allJIItaplc goc..da, that in great r.;l.l"t sl1pply ourhome 11Cma!ld lItll[ arc reatldy IIIa.rketed iul;an -l"rancisC{): Thellc gootls are 11.1110 lIIaUlt·fa<.:turoo into IIUittl, &Iltl allll()rla ()f clothing,and arc sltperior to 1lI0flt imJ)()rtc.1 goods.There is all opclling here for the etlt.a.blishllltlutC]f a larg" IJIIsiuc88 ill tit" Ulll.llufa.clnr", ()f

othlllg tOl' home Itcnllwet. The burning of

CO.,

_5._,,

T. A.WOOD

'~

I INlued e"er~' Week lor th...

IILL.Ulm~ "AaMEIl rl·RI.I.·mn:~~ t·o.T~n~HS lit' Sl!Ik"'CIIlI'TIO:\':

~")'0;&1", (1',)ojt:'Ke 1),'\.:,1).. iu nth"ltlOl.'e :;' ~.!·o

ih: lnl'"tllll. \1"1lIt:1$"I~Il,I), In ..h~"n"'_'" __ . 1.:15l lh.•" ..Ix UlO"UU wlIl b.!. I" r lluoath.... .2f,

AU\'lo:Il$ISI~(l n:''l'r);:~,h·~rti"'llulenls\Io'1ll he hl~C'rk.l. I'r'Ai,II'I:;-'\.hc~· :\re

r<-"""",:t Ihlc. lOt lho.\ f"nn,. i "I( to. ide ••1 r.l L", :"n,· hll'h ur lIP!Ct' pcr hl"I'th " _ t l?~.o

f\u't:t' ;uche~ of lIpnt.'tJ p,'r llIunth.... ,~.OI)'\ntl'!o:llf ettlulllll lloCr 11l0Ilth 1;,.00One oohllnn lloCr 1II01lIh.,............. :'''.00"8.un~le COI,Ie. .eut rree uti apv1k"Uon.

Odd Fc·w,,·.• T hlpk, l'tlRTL.\ND.OH.---'-------

.,..:~ .

$11 '; , .1';'0(\)' "hollid tm, a n,m ..". tIfr~red .0 d~;.

$325 ~J a'·1'efI.1 In 1·llltlnti..,I; f"'III'. r ""'1_;• rich "011; IK'nd me tatti >luff t \lIlIJ f'!"'" ~ ..u

....1t.l'TR1U\t.ee deed: 10ut~1 m !UlItli trom P<ortland..

$1200 .!'a"h and dMr fat.'tory: t bltl(;k" Iantt; <-....0'­

• pleto m:t.chi"er~·: watar power; gnotl ,It·lIl"lId tor all the ...·ork:l !1Lf;1I \M'\II turn Otlt: luc.I.ted "SIa~·t"ll. MarlO'1 t'ol/nf)". Oreroll.

$C.f\N\ 200 acres, all'ellcetl: l~ wheattand:houtt£,UVV\I. hun 11\'ln; ...11"1': It nllle'i to ntH">,,,'

~l'tlo"~:lt ~orth \'aulhill: Ecb'nr,1 ""llk,'lI' pia' e; hll. Ir:t.,oh.

$1600 10 al:Te!t. lion ;n l'llllh"':t.tlon, lI.nd I'('-Irll' RollIlll'llrclen ..ml'rn1t: ho"!'!' alUl hun on It;

f""rfilllle~ 'r"," Y"l\,l rOI't1Mlo.I on n"'!10 Lim' rt>!\.II: n­1\I:lrka.h.,· chea.ll.~10 000 ~,f,O &\'re8: roOO fenced; open rralrle; 40'f' acre!llir... lnt,.~1 be:&vcr tlouu lan,l: ~~l ",-rd'tllnhcr; soil rlo-h lI.IIJIl+hck: J{'1Od .... hOOI or gr:"~~ I'ln';1~ "I;III~ F..aIt o' Alh:\Il.\·, :ludlell Qorthe...t of l.ebwllOl ;III ill, ~dlOlll. ell: .• II ~:lr: nllc-tlll nl e:voh; I'"J,ll ro:ul IIl'llr. ' r....1Il be 010011.cl>4100 It\4 R(Te~:!)\) In clllti\'J.tiOll; two ,hrdllq{'p homc8. bn"n, 8\1,,1". 1i"ln" Yo'Rll r: Il(l; rdmrrh. lnBl .......hoal lI.lIll post.olth-e; 3lllik~ fr'l\lll .. llf()l:rI,le)Mlt ut On)'toll,

t~We have In\'eeted 1II0;l0J In Real FMtat.e for manyn"" re~lrlenbt. II) eyery Inltllnce the}' have Ull\lle from',0 to 200 pcir crnt. !-lCO\aid O'lt III land her,· thl8 p:ar"'ill hr ...·orth t\\·o or ",'e 11m" UH\t .lIlol'mt ;11 one ort ...·o )'I'&r.I. You e.~1t "rml rlnt.ft on N~,,· York.

S('.n" for lI. .\1Al'llll,1 l.IST ('II'" PItOl"E'RNY. We ..·m1\1'" LA"" for "011 "1l<I..:lI:lr"lllee the lill!!: nr \I'e ...U, .WA~ )lUSfI:Y lor .Idll 011 hlll.rU'·I'l1 ':VIllS.

weur"r to n. I' ClIrtI"·cll. O. W. Walling. W. S.LArid, toankf'r. ant'I lI"n. H. W. f'nrbo.:U,::11 of r,.rt1:tnd,Orel."'ll.

ASfiW£k TO QUlm'lOs:\.-:-ioil ne:u l'urtlan.till uU tlirectiulla, gnot! 'Juali ty though ,Il lIerlll)!!:well calculatud forgr;llU. v~gclahlcs all.1 fnutsof all kin{18. Write to rcal c!ltate agl·llt.8 forpriee of land8 0.1111 farnlll fOI' !talc.

Broom corll c100B 1I0t grow to be8tallvant.al(ein OreMon. Thl'rc if< 1111 cxtemli\-c broomfactory that itl1ptJl'ta brOOlll" and U8C<i homewOOll.

Tho /lrticle on the labor market in this isene,gh~a all .....e kilO,", all that topic. Alvin M.Grim, of Vail, GrJl.wfonl Co., 10wI\ 'WfJul,! liketo 1;')In~ to (lr"Kon. 1l:\}">1 he is "" gO{j(l "awl tlwlw:'Intl! wfll"k :!Ji Jio"n A!'I \Ie gctJi here. Perhap'SUllie farmer here will do well to ....-ritc &lIdengllge him.

There IlI'C always (arms to rent, l\nll theterms ate: when tile rcnter fumiah~ 11.11 he­sides laurl he pltys Que·third the erop Kf'OUDUrent. \\nell the owner fllrni;jh~ waUl andseed OIIC ha.1f the crop gOOM for rent.

The shocllIak"I' will fin,l p!Cllty of stock forliah: ill l'orthud wllCre t1H'rc are grcat whole­!lll.le hoU!~cl'l in all r.ranehelt of trade.

JII \\"e"tcfll Oregon we U8e narrow tra(·_kwai!0lUl; ElUIt of thc~ Ulount&ios they nee widetrack .

•

LETTERS PROM INTEND[)iG EllIGRAlfTB.

A McCownll w··itl·lI from Littl·, Wn'r, RiceCo., K;\II>;:\,.''', Jal;. lith. 188!.

I rt'CClv, tl "'~ll'.\· , . 'he WII.L.\_\ll.'TrK I·.~ln"u•. dll.toc11h.~. 3. ttl\' n.I'llll,.:;;cul"dlieh Ii RlleJ wltl) .~ "!tlde onthe l'..dtie :-OurtlllH'1tt :11111 \.,,,, ~:"t,· th"t It I~ to blll'lUltimHI,I. 1...·.,11 wdl.pkl'·",} in r'·;lJ.lhll;' the f1n;t ar.dI \Y.mt I" .,:~ nil tho; ..Iho;r tlrUele. t<ll.t, lUI I lUlU

f=:arnllel Cliff writeg from Fori8tdl, St.Charlell county, Mislloul"i, Jail. J5tJJ. 1861:

A C':'Ory (I' your I""VCr or I>ct: 3rd. 18J..., ..... lI\:nt. meby ,,'nuIl,I, anti I 11.1"\1 bcl'l1 hi.=-hl.\· CtIWlCtI in thl' peru­~KI "f it. 111:\\" I......a.u 'cit ~ 1;''''lI.t ill(ere~t ~ r~rtl10 On,:-"I). I'lit 10..\· .. \ten,r ~nn....·... le<1 ill nht:llnill"l: all~"thit,!, III ref:1lrt'1 to It- cllm"lc,' uil, Illul.; 11.1,,1 waterfa'OJn't::j. IllCC th.t ~'0I1 rnlJ.MI~ Lo ,"llllhh a truthful~bt('tne"t In re)(1l>rd to, (lro;"vlI, h .. r_ur,d Roml iu·dUI..'tIUlCllt held uut, etc. I h;\\'e l"",du,I,,1 10 lIu:,l!ICrP~

fur .\ollr l'uI",r. d."l ... ,,:~ tot c..milljl' 10 YOlLr Stale and1I.... ke: a 1'Cn",ulI... ,t ""llIe.lf :roll t!liu..~are falr alul true."':'u:d like to IImk... 1\ h,IIlIc' lu th .... \\ ill ....n':ttl' \·....11,,)"-­lint Illghl:1' UI'. Itll\l c\"l:r. thlill Marlon e.:lIllt)". I wOllldIlk" In kn"... the I'rh....""1 <of n.tllo.ill.ll.lc rarm 'Melli ill :l/I~

of the \'Ql\__ t or \\·IllI'Ltlll'tl.e rher l~)lI"liCli. Whcth"rtllere Ill.U.IIY GO\ 't ht.lub III ..n::uf UI~ C'()1li)~es. If .\'00Ol/nld ah'e lI,e lion}: hllurlll:t.ll"u In rl""ard tu it. , •·..." ..1be :r1:>.i1 or41 I cuuld .. ll!.(!r hU" cul'rC3]'<llId"Il('fl .·ithIleTSI,n~ hI lI."J' of those t"llIr1~C>', that W<'f1! trutltlul ;In·lrellablc. I ""1\110/ be l'k_o:ol 1.0.1 hav. their add.rtM a"dlultll'e'll of )urllo.t& thMl h:I\'c 1"",111 fur _Ie, alllO. lAc,,"of wa.ler 111111 tlml>cr i~,. ~re" ill''lm\·CIIIt'nL'lI. ''''"1U,t 10get ""mewhere wltt'r!.! )'U'I \.'.Ill ...... i.<c t:OOtJ ('TOI" Rnd"t·lCk. hll\'c 1'IMlty of timhcr lUll! lh'ing ...·ater tblltl.'9\1tilluousl)· Ilow... •

0101;11,,1,,\. Pnlk (~nll,t.J . .Jall.~. tS81.I h.. rc Ill. to!l.\· hi'e'l reall iIIII' .' nll r \." III~ hIe pIIl"'r, wh leh

..,me oue klIMIl,\' ~Ilt me a .,." ,h~-~ .,i",'C "lui , hll.veal~mt l'l')\lt"lll(It.~1 III len"c lhL~ ,""",Ir,,, wl",ro: "r"I'/l arelI.l'Il!. nltll f:dhlrl\!l lint! trr .'·N,r n"tI-,i bml hlyond ~heIllonlltl\ill~. Hilt hef,,,,, d.(rli,,~ I wish to fI..~k .PJtI It. fewq1I c~1 IBll~, kIlo.... i till .\" ,tI llrc h,·tt,~r 'I ~t'I Ii flc,1 ~ bot I'e mittlle .IoJl'I rl..'1l iIIf"I'IUlllltlll thill. lII'.I· Olll: cllll'. " I". t III th eclllun,·t\:r ofr till' ,,,il 1I,':\r r>r .. wlt:lill thr~e lI\ilelil ofPortlnl,,1 ~ (':111 hrnn,n ('mll hc n·b•.·,1 thcre'~ llQ .I'onkilO" tlf II ~llH.11 'Rorlll r"r I'ille·- ,~,,\' ~() lI('rr.~ with ortll·Imr.\' IlIlprflH'Il"'tlt~ tlWl'(·OIl··...'"·j, ~~ a h,nl!l'l, .t'lhle,eto·.• wllh 'rllil trt"·~ 11l1lcllrill!l: ,·.'lnolHlr>ll' It !tI, wha:il'l tilt' I'rk.. tit llnch l.. n.... Ar,· thllrp ,my hl'flnllllll.dnrle~

ill l'"rthll<l? Wh:tt i .. " .. !,I'''''' 'It h")"llI~ .\,,'r ,Illl;('n'f('&111,1 ... \I('r~,," HII,I ('lfl\'I".'·lIll':lt 1'<-'ll,1I ,\' fill l\farlll ~.~:t. ,ull,l. "r rent "llIl "1' the ~I':"e,.. thrlillllllonl f"rlll_l,bl" c\'cn'lhilw'~ Wh.,t i~ the l,,"n!" . "...nl' ,,' r"llth,'! IRor'l)~~ \\'10:<1, nre tih' w:l;[t'" nf f~rm

It:lil,l~? I ,'II1,~,nll'tlrl'lt. h'll,inl!ll'y t:unity lu~re &!It!!II'" ],('" 11H... th ... ,.."mtl'.'· :oud i' ,I i~ 10:,11 :I-;.:,,,~I;1lI 1"'11'r'·~"'II,,·.I. , I~ ill ",·U IIlr" 1'1: :t •• ,.•.••,u,1 lIl"k.. thut om'f.. lll ...· Ion"".. -

REPORT.

Our Subscription Prica.

MARKET

•

Whilt' onr rcgn1:\r price ill $2.!lO II. )·c.'l.r. ""e

will8end the \Vll.LAMETn: FARJIIF.Jt to AllY

E,..~rn State! adrlresA for $1 for 6 mO$!, or.. ".

t2 for one ,.ear. If you 'Wish to kflep postc,1

"bout thi8 country, senti U8 a llnhscriptioll.

Camu Prairie and Lire 1n the Mountal'l. Val-SILVF.R COIN-JIl PortlalUl the bank. 'leY8 Near 'he Mines -Farming aUll

quote at par bnyinR. selling. Stock Railing.

BOllB PRoD.ru.. MlA.'Un'. The NorthCl'll JlOJ·tiflll of I,lahn TCITit..ryccntainR llomo \'cry exccIlcllt "ulllltr}" that i~

'n" following l"ellrescnt wholetl....le mte, trilmtary til tilt: Cnllllllhi:\ :Iud ill\'itA'$ t:1C aL·from prollllcer" or first han{ls : wlltiolt l,f 1lI111,i~p'LlIt" ;U! llatuntlly :.:-t :Ul}'

YWUR.-]n johhillg lots st:lh(lard bra.ndll, p..ut uf the r\ll;.ioll WI: howe aln':llly olr:H:ril'l.:l1.This country 1.'1 hOlllull!.lull tlw c,,~t I,y Lilt,

$4.75: beftt COUlltry l,ran(l;l, $4.2tt@$4.f>O. w:wing line of tho Biltl'r Huot all,l (''''Il!'

WHEAT.-\"allcy SL::~O" II' Alunu Mt8. an,1 i~ w:\tl~l·etll,y ~trciUll.~ th1\tOATS.-'Vhite, feen $4()@142~: ~ bushel nac In the8tl m'I\IUL,\ul!l allll liow til th,' Cui· We puhhl'lh hclow a. few uf the many lettenONIONR-2@21 C• nmhia 011 t.o Snake rin:r. A portion ,If til!' ~'e al'l: cl)IIlltalltly rt:t.:l'i·.. illJ;, to ahow the in.POTATOF...'i.65 -@70 per ctJ. "aloltRe (:olllltry lil'!' ill 11130110 an,1 th,' lIIap kn'lit f,·lt ill tid" regiun Au,I to answer .arneMIDDLINGR.~ohbing. for f('oo, ~20.00 show8 that the whole uf I,bho T"ITit"r) N"I·th "f the Illaity II Ite~tj')lI!1 (:.lIl11tI\ItUy a.sked con-

~ 6.00 f'ton. Shorts, $20.00. Chop, f22@l nf the 46" uf latitu,t.: is 1"Cllla ..k31,1~· well- ccrnin);; Ot+~OI\ all,1 Wl\~hillgton Territory.U22.CQ" ton. waool'llol. POAAI:.sill~ 8trcall'It :ln,1 lakN4 ill :'III FrUlII.'\1I ille1Jcatioll8 it /lDpca". curtain tha.t

f\RAN.-Jo!)hing I\t S14@S15 II ton. Idil1.:·~tiona. Thc ,ic-~'nl'ti()ll. l,f .thl..· !':\I"ww illlllligrdiotl til thu P:r.cifh~ Nurthweat wiilletBAOON.--3ldes 14 c!'nts; Hama, country "O\lutry :l.pplics to that i'o)J·tlOI! III l,h'h'l tol'l ill €:<l.l'l.v in the Ipriug an,1 attain far lArgerIt, 13@lfcj City cured, 14@15c; Shouf· wcll as ill WIl.~ldlIRtoll. T.. till' nurth nf t.hill prororti~lHlI t1l1U\ we IUloVe tlVI~r befor~ known.

: u'a IOc; Iis the C...ur d·.r\lcllt.. I:',li",u I,·r:('l\·;~ti", ~ll,l b.!'. \"1II.ughu ~ClIlIl.' lUI thu clJl1ll'titution andLA~D.-TII.kW' 12.i@I3c. Oreg~n IMf, lltill fLlrtlICr ~llrth th,' L~,hltl\l,b "IVt'~ "'Wl;'ep.~ by.law:: l;)t the Wcdcl'll Orcgon Workingmen'8

lUI. t.Jbc; Ilu III J'atl~, 1 k. l\round tit.. :-...rt,1,-·, I pOlllt of m'lllOt,:dll" frolll Colony which lias he:\l.ItIlllu1.cI'1l at TopekaBUT'l'EH..--\\ ""llIot.c; ~x.tr3 freah roU, the MmltauA lillc. KallllM. The CoI,"titutioll llll)'& the colony i&

3784Oc; INr to gantl, 2.'l@:\Oc; (:ammon, 18 We htH'1 jll1<t rtweh'coI a let!l:l' frolll a !lnh- f)r~tllli;..elt in urd,'r that its lI.embers m&y l>e_200 80Iid in keg!, 25@3<k:; beat picklell roUt 8crihor who descril~!I till' pll\':cw"cl"~ Jill lk,·l.l. ~u1f.sIl8tnillillK ill reapf'cl te, ~hools, churcbe8in bbla or :'l.alf bbl8, 3O@~2~c Cl\ml\S !'I'ail'ie, tL Iittlt~ ""I~r l!KllllilclI<1ltl' F:;\'1t and allllrM.,il\l lllatkl"l; th",t the colonillt8 may

CHJl:E8E. - Oreb1'Qn, 16@17c. of Walla Walla :'lull l'Iixty lllil"li :-:ullth of be of luh-o.nt.:\gu to each otlll.:r for purposes ofT)RIEO F~UITS.-Arple~,8un ~ried quar· f..ow i1~ton. Th ill place is llnW "cry a ~t l';\di \'I~ II III t ul\l rrotectioll anu :t.1lsistancc.

t..trett,8c; llhced, lk1; tnildllne dried, 9@IOc; to imllli~rallta all'\ ha1l tl hrbk ngrlcultnral J'~l'. r:w;..:hu writctl:lll follows:P.ean,mlLC~lledricd,~@IOc~Pltu:ns, llUll drioo, popull\tion thn.t ill kc{'t. bUlly mil5ing !!Ili~pl.it'll TUI'llIa. KI11l8:\ll,JIIll n, 1881.pitted, II t!'12i; Ul:\Chllle ,Ir';d, ,htto, 13@15c. (or miner8 in tlw \"0.1'101"1 (','\11I1''' nul! 1I11ll1ll1{ E,lil)ll' W il1l:lllwt It: ~'... nllur :

EOGS.-Near by.freab bul, 20. . towll8 not far tl' South awl 1'~:\1';t r,f tllt·lll. It II"vc jll~l l,cl'" n:I\lllllg :Ollr valuable paper of Dec:.POULTRY.-Clnckena, 8ml\1l and medlU~, WM near here tlmt thou!lilI1J~ wer\' :It \\"tll'k l;th. JI'.~Il. l"liithiuk it .. l'llpiu.lIUll1lber lind II fll.rmer·.

12,5O@3.00perdoz.; Full grown, $2.50@.'.4.50 twpnt,. yean agrJ. wl\8hing t)llt plI\PI'!I that 'ril:ll\l. We are orlo-anlJ:inc: lI. l'l')lon)' doown here In• nd large receipts. were u ridl ai'\ ever VI'II n~:ul of ill romalll'f' 01'1 dl','"th~', l(rl4lt.,hul'l'cr.\' l<"'I~Il~, to I,?n,c 10 Jour .hvt?rcd

HOG" D d 6@61 f hi b ' I 'I t I I ~tak 1111,1 w"l1111 11" 1'1c:\~cd t<l r,'c''lI'C romn\lllllCl\tl"n~ OREGON" ',J.- .rcll8c., (l ~ f· '. a e. ut yenrs ngo t ~c. nc leI; gr".IIl11 \1'1\1'\ I 'rom 'ltd, o. yoU! KlIlt~crlhcr~.allll rClI.l!er" a., "'ill tak.e

BF..EF.. -Llve "etght, 2i@3c fttr Ch01C6 marktlll 011 t lllltl t111l ltlllll ng pllplllnl,IOIl gl'~W the Ir<lublll til wrltl: !lll, 1lI,,1 ..."n f"n:ver be IInrler obh·S H1t~EP. -Live weight. 2~@3c. . Illllch le!l!! n ItmCr,mtt, though t11t'rc i~ "till l.'"I:tloll' til them for Ictwn ,.h~l<l.Til'th·e of th~lr n,rioll~ I·'.i\ .1t 1\1 I...AND ~ ,WOOL.-Ea.atern Oregon 2O@25c' "~il· .. , 'ed' "!1 I ,both whites InMlHli"~,,hlu""~r IIf '·Ollllt~~·. whethet tm,bered or

, .' Ollilln.ll; :/lrrl III Illan~ camp, I' . t'pcn. ll<,il, dllUleCl!o r"r obt.liuUIl(' GO\'l:rnmelit L:\nd for T A WOOD & COlamette Valley, 25@3Oc.. Market firm.. alHl ,~h1ltcttl' I)ur "flrl'cflp,mdcnt giles IIlto 1'".... II~lfo:I\IIl.l :mllllitc .Ihl lU,y ,,1I11'r Infnrmatlon whleh • • .,

HlDES, -Butchen' htdea. dry, 15@16c; dctails of l1e~criptil'lI al1'l writ('!! "0 f lilly IV< to tht'\' thInk would bl! of interclit 10 h!wndlna- Ilmlrnnt&. If.·nl ":st a,h~ 4.~ Lou" Rrok.· !"!'<o!,OOl1ntry curN'\. dry, 1rt@I6c;culls,.off; Gnu ~ive all i~CI\ of the aocial life ItIHl pdl~ipal If tlle.Y will dlrtct.lctter:< to Ine, I WIll rek1 them at.OQl' HI t·lr,., ""rf'f'l' ......rtlll.tI. Dr' "on.

' I I -,,', , ",to 7r-SI " I (·"Ion)· llIct:th~ andllOlLle 01 thezn ltlllw,tch oltroolon)', ...hi, flII. ~ tel!. j~:~~l': loun ry, 'I , oJ!'- c; ~l\t1tr611 ot eXl~hm,:c 1ll the fa~ aW1\." !lC t c· I \\·M.thrl'u!fh YOllrSliote In 1876and_ clOmlngap1n "n·: IIAn; ,1,1,(. ('I.A!"st:s or Ht:AL :':~T.\TP.Deersklll11, dry, :we t;1 ltl; lJryaheep )Jltlte, m8nte'ttowegl\'clwcl"tter f'nlirc. n~ry glad an,lthi'llllleto,t.\·. '.1l1dolrJK:aJ.llnm)' power 101' ,,. 'f...rllld.... l..:ondfllltl,il.-t.:d... tc,,1 clrlli'"lioll.8&.:1) 2b@!I: D"y elk, 8c !if Itl. to.beat' thi8 Ollnnrt\lnitv to do iu~tk'" to thc Ore;."On. w. ar...1\ ...·nrkftll. 1...."'1 l'oarti:\lh' Iml'rol'\,~1. \\"::d land. We I a'e

TALLO'" -_"\ bl "'la(i I"'. X h :., :0. pud :....'·~rtllul.!4 /It'1I.r lhu cl.t}. at Portlawl. "I~O,•- """uota e at OJ. <!!I )c. great o.Ud. growing illlportnu .."(! of ~Ol't ('I'U \\"~ ItaV{l bl..'en RhoWH lettel's receiv6tl from '0, 1«1. 11k'. 11.1111 1111 t.o 'l1.{)IM).aere trac:lll ~tterui 'till

[fAY. - .i\la.ckct from. $1 i ~ ton. bAled I Id&ho. :\lHl ,Io.·n thll Wil[,lInctlol and ('.ih"nbl:t. Rlc-er \'11.l1if1l.E SOC I to I F. 1'. Arhu,,·kh,l. one uf the Il..'ac1<.'rs of the Pa-

GRJ<:EN APPL S.--60@, , at t or CAUIi P1U,lRIK, Idaho. JI\". 1. I~l. . I J' II K I .-Qrlla'ul tof. ~1"'._10 mllllltell walk IfOII) theb ' ,. dtic.: O,1011)'. 'll'g:t,uz," I\t \.118$1' I\tl&'UI, or

o 01..-0 eal n{:. I .u"........nn t::lIo" flnrl Le,,·I.ton on tl;~ nurop,. of Iitaho; . h' ('uurt !lOll"".I' " --' ., tho "11rn.1&·" of loen.tillg sotllewbere III t la d

~ ..t·NIE.AI. .~t:-.AlI(D18L It 18 at :.he l.'Onn\l~II~ of the Ciear.wr ...th ".'0 . j' '1" I I I 'h n't IlftTf' I.,...... OrfO". THIRTY Tt:AI{S :\n. _ • 8flAlr:.l"tY~r. Wcll, enl'l_ Prslrle 1JI lituat..-d n~l,. 10 ",ginn. !tlr, A .. m<:A OJ i8 now 011 t)o way Wlt ha~ th.. rl"l,t t.o !'II)' lto"t "-to knott Ilt""'-' (liM ut

RICE.-Chinl\. No. I, 6c; Chin" No. 2, .IIt)' mllea&oth_tof Lewi.ton. III ext;cnt It Il·('M· his: bUlih·. AA 1,tc:,ti"u3cellt, Atlt\ wille~amm8 '!r..~' ... tll'lI ."y 6,·.. vr t~·" nlen h, thl: h'.IlU;·.II.J. J - ~ ..1 • I 11 \ Sld9c ur~.ahout thirty aillet bet\ll·..'efI Ih" elcar«afN :t.ntl this t:{'lllitl',' extl.'l1!li\"d.y with:lo vie..... toeeled- 300 FARMS or' 200,000""lIC: "plLn, It~; • anllW1C t 1I.o.De s. ; . _ r. &Imtln fbI N, and abtMJt '''t.eo::n n,lI~ hetwi'l.'n (''nl,¢ ._TEA8.--.ra.pan,~6i)C;mack, 4O®7oc; MIl While blnl IrKlUuwhuo. It- ,,"rbo:'e fonnatloll L'I ins til,' ttl"St. pu~ihl,· ~it.c fl'r the colllny_ ~e t

Green, 85@80c. limllar too that o. the North Yl\mhill .-.Jlt'y, In Ol'f4.:nn. cxpbinll that. the pilltl~rll who locat...<! In, f ~ IWF)>' to;";-(;08taRic,," J6(<<'2Oc; .1ava,28(<i}.'ID. ::.e:n.ln~. I•. b~ ge Cot'flHo~ a:'d ~."'j'l::~I; It\l~dl o..'1'''lIty, nftcr iii \·i Ill.: l\ f:tir trial 1ft • .0~ 'fa.~8 UGAHS. -CI"UShCll A I :ki; Finc Crushed. oan,.r:~~'J,:;into ~1I1~~ ri"l'r.ve~·I"1011 (iI a bl....'k tell yC!lt'll !Ii\nl work :~~Itl (ll'lu!ctlt. 1J1&It~K('lIlent

131c; Cnlte, ~~.tra C. 12c: Oohlcll C. rich'lookJn C. frrnn ~o to .if('hto'oetlln~hltlellth. now J/:l\.t: It. HI' thAt ',e..~te", ~~AA lli not ~.M'l":~I\",lwic '.. No. I. I1c. . .·hld'! in '\Ii ~kl Ilt.'\kl l~ t:I,\t,.r",} 1I:+, h~Il.'4·1-"~I:"' .. f:t.rlllll'~ (·onnlt'y. :-;'" tins l'!I)CIMIOD h:l-~ h~.

C;Yp,tq •. '. })11 ODe ~....~It'!"I~~ ...lI.lerh,.-_'\IInl!,.... ..,'n,III,,1"l 'l"'~ or"'\.1 ".,,; 1··.. tlil t\("""'1\e(Jp' $.h,·r\' '"I WIn:..· "". • :'\L.Ui:li=-' h"f"'''fI/ ,'..Jqf':'lofn>cloc~l'roP~f,olLltllt'I',-~. ~ . I' "- -~ .... ' ".. T'

CAJliDI.ES ---i,.Io(<<I~1V - • '.Ides or-8Ileo' theri,I;...·... lh;·r'·/ul'. "I·,.......·.,,;.'1111. I..·' .. ·· '" , ;. ~ill' ~" I~ ~.' ::-.I·nn~ ll:'ylL\'j~J~':'" .t'l\hforn.i~';..fOr~$'l.75t:2:'in- \nct.Iof from one too one h'1L;*6tl ancl ..i~t)· "h'>l.1 pru oO~1l i.1 hl.lllg "'l tlltl t.:IV,JI:f.:LtlOU. ''-It'J

»u: the .urfaees of which are 50 ",'m~'II,-too \nth r.· k,c, t th~l: atilt ~'r. A. a.,)',t tbl'\' al'C the klDII of· .. to _ou.l,. intoerro;rt: wilh '·l,.ilil·,\tl"n, Ht ,,·h.,m led) , '. 'bl

SOAPR-Good,75c@S1.75. . Olloe hrouifht Into culth'atinn I.r,,,hl<-'\':'I ,",cit. TJ"lrc pen.r c to "ucce ,w lCrt' ~~I,:,-e~!t tS po.481 e.OIL.-':.-Onlill:t.ry brand a of IXRI, 2[lC; b\'l:b I. IlIl1 another !tind, 1/1 ~n!:\\l ~r:\I:L" 'i:ll!ICtI aJllhc, Wlll~h W:J.S nnt :the cue In KanlllM. ~th~r

Jrarlee, Downes . Co., :r;~c; Hailed Lilll'lCJed, _Md" thutllCh prool!"·~\·e.I' ,hffi,·II~llo ....lhlVa~..,. l"~t' P.:I.. t.I(~lJ 3.ft: \OUl'k'~H:lor tile !c'3111'} purr "e mR ,q I 'I .. n.-.. T trNl!ut'nft "Oc' altitude or the rralr'e I~ aLomt thrcl_ hllmln:d fo;('I:" of)\C """"OU"II\ IIoIlOI :\llIlIlt'80tll. AIIII there Are al.

a1\' '\ml'" ai, """-', ~'r- I " • _-Ie\·el. Th.atm.....l'h('rcI'Ur6allllh,'"lth~·.lI'\·I;.:'II':,. I'" I'Pure Larl1, 4'1.10: Cn.,tor, ,1.21)@.$1.40. tlnJ{ and ellhllltr:t.tilllC. T.lI' ~nmlll"f'!I lIrc IIb'lt :a_,1 rf'&lly a hUlltll'l'd amlht'll ellllstc. III the

V w'AST POW n}t~RR-T.Ionnelly,$2 ., doz; and pi_lit; the Wlntrno 10"_" Roml ,....h\. 1'<-'O!}Il' I""" 1I10Velllltllt.

"rMon a-. Merrill, fl.25 11 doz. j ~~~~~';~~"=~I~',~\:::~ '":';:I~I~t;~· ;,~I~:~:~~ ~:lt~'\~I~'~ ('. II. ~tollcr \ni h.lt Il~ fnUll I )~·"Oln. PolktirH.. r.-~l{JCk, hay, $I~ " ton; CarOl~n and 'OralllC\<\·.l1Je all,1 U;IlI,;indpl\l 1!t:tt1'·!llelll.!l IOU thi- p.Ol1llt r, t-,'el.l·a.-k,1 tlat<, .11U1lt'lry :!:l, t\.'" fol­

11anrl. -15'. Coarse Ln'ernt\ol, $20; 'Fine 'IKal. prairie, are IIltllated .t thc hn.t· nf Wl!itc-hinllllnU'It:,jll'• "~ h I 1.:1 IlIwf<~ty tJ-5' A.htou·8 dairy. ditto. $30. f'IlUth .\tlc of the II""lne. W .Uoll' .Jlnl 11I0110', l!!t IIn-

, • ."wcred fr<lm IJI\."C to lJlIlm:llt ...·Ith II. .I~n!lf! ;.:rowtll-_ ~ __2.. n! IImher. coll,i,thlj{ of pine. Tl~1 lI.llIl· "'hite "r. IUIII

tamarack. AIIII. at ahnrt di_l,anl'P-'j !rnlll el\l'h "thl'r.._IlI:t.11 ~lrealml nf c1eMr, l)llte, ('()ttl lIl':ller, eollr1'(! ,IUWIIthc mountalll ~Iole. }'rOln t1ICl'1e llI"llllbillll 011 till' ~"tlthwc gl't ollr '''I'I,ly o( limhl'r. It IM'illj{ frlllll ~.fcnl.,' l1.in.,>JIllleM.II~tallt rom Ollr h"llI~ nn tll~ pram". ,ran:"mountain, I" ill mOl<! fll'rt.:t. hh:h lalole l:ulIl 'fitll I'ncor tll'O tU8h, /lrnJcclinj:l' IlI,.""I,... It I" :o.1~n wdl·thllh,'reol.The roo.dlelU 11ll: fmln l.el<-i~lon ttl !,hiM I'rniri" er""."(;n,II:'1I mOllntnill. :-:eith.., the ~"hlton nor till: Clc:l\r·wlI.l.er rlYllu I\re nlll'iphic tn nn.'·II<';111 n~ ,~nollltll tot,hl" prnlrle trt hI' r.n"voni<;>nt fM "llil'l'illl{ purl""''''' 'or.nl'thinj{ ('X\~rrt ",nnll null !Ill.w·ltlj."" HI r:lft~. Tit" IlImllt·lilllLlI, hrrc;,I,,,utlO, IlI,nlll,,1 In I1'ftIlIC. tllill n.h Illitihit thl'IItr'~nlll",

\:1' to th'c rCRorll lI.j;fO, IIlrtt·k·rll.l"illlC' I\'n~ the "rhlr.lIJll.1pUrljltlt on thlll IJnliric, ~ill ...e th~11 the f:lrllllllJ{ hlll'rtlI<thtL.. I,,~rll makinl1' lto'Irlf felt lI.ll,] tno mill'll M. I 1\'lICKIi.tM it .. nwn It"lr>t'!, II" I,rij'('8 nf farlll rr",lul'lM :\rr nlll<' 011thr d,..,.re.,\",'. l.:\Ilt Jt'Jlr. 1\ hl':lt ".'\-~ ""rth Iwn ""Ilt­I'cr Ih.. tiM" lwn ~Ill_; h."lTle~·. til" '''''\lt~: llOl.. II .....'~ 1\1'0e<'llt./l :lnrl nlllon~ four ,'ellt... Thl~ ~·,ltIr ..'h,'n\ i. "'''rthon': cCIlI; no, I'" om, n1111 onc· hOI 1f '·'·ll~. I'''t:ltr>t:~ 11110' ,'t '1It;olllon~ 8.~mc:t.8 lut \·,·3r. III ~1',,·1c lhe I'rh~~ '.r.' ht·t!<'r.III't\C1l lI.rt:: worth '~J:I;t. cellt, Io:'ro~~; "h·.-.,p ...hont t..·" tlol·Illrtl per head; hcevll!'. IhrP.e ~'l!IOr~ olrl.. llitern ,:..11:1";bee. 011 the block "i;c to l:il:'ht ....utlc. ("..ow" t .... '·nt.\' tothlrt)· dnll,ra;~·eItr1illl;,~.h-c.. R,·~ ,lolI:ms ... nc1 "1'1\'","1;t ...·o·\·ear oldM, t.cn rI()tl:tr~; hnf'!'C!l frOl1l ten In I'll'" hUll'dr~' and flft,\" dnllu,,- IJ.e!oillt'lO the "r""netlc nnmerl Inthe InrettOi,lg emnr:,rath'1: prit.·,J-\·lurellt, cilhliN(l'. lllr­nll"l, bect.or, carrot.<, I"'t5l1ire :Utd :111 of the h,,"l.,· "...,uand fruita gr..' to l'...rfccti'lIl. K'\.rl~· viII",! ancllo,.,r" an::Idao grown to some extent.. "I"~~ IlIlI.turllLg ::lr,' Ter~'apt to bo caught h}' frost. In Ihl' 1:111. Ihe lltock melldrive their henl", to the R:ahllnn :'Inti ~nl\ke rln'r \,.,Ill·'·",where the)' "1lt'pd Ihe ",lntNII. in i\ ('{}U.Il:\r.\l;,·e:.\·. 1,,)l,1dlmate.. On the T(·turn of Sj'rlllK ,\Ud W':t.ti.'l Uw:. nil i'l"ltcback again to t.he prairie.

'Thcrc lOre n"e'C'l!tulIflIl .1,t!OUt: hl~h ~d1nnl orJ:"LIlIDt i01l1 011 Ihe 1,,... lrie, the 1;0 ltcr is J.....", t,,~1l\t (1l'll":,:c' ilJeRolld III pll\ttllJ llutl"r tlle 8"1""'(\ i~ir'll I}f tlll' M"lho'lhtchurdl .·hk~h I! I\h." Int';l.l.cI :t.t ':r.\ll::....·!lle, n"d \\,hlo·h.too, II the onl)" cllIlTI:h or'I.""lIir.ation uf 11.11." kiuulll' Ihoprairie. .

'I1lere I. quite: a largo e'hhlt"'l:' 11"I'ulatlo11 I" till'oounty; Ihe}'l\re: llIal"lr h:aloitlll.t,,,. of I~e t"WIlS "",~Il\'

talu. amI wine!'. The ....I,ile or Am"fll1111 IIIJ1'uhdwHIll. usade lip of rq)rt:llelltatlvl'll rr\"lll uc-arf)' every !"t:,tflaud Tcnit.ory lu the l;uhm I\ml 'U"OtIJ; ot.hcnla ,,'''lll';'' Yof IOOldlf'ra. ill th,' nte",t hUI,orl.l\llt fu.etnr III tho;: ltl:lk!·111'

of thl. lIorder t'l,ll'"~·' Tllill ''\'oIl1pal'J OI"I.'1JI,les t,allpHoward ....hft.h l18t'tlC8 Ilt U'I." Illl.~ 0' WlIlw·h rtI mOIl:.',taln8, ..ud III the vldnitr I'lf Mt. Itlnho nm.l Or:I.II.L{"vl!..,-UUIl!l: ~"'o to.·nll lIeitl): I,ul thl'\.'e n,iles ...part.

1'he LIldue1I8 pori h'lI ,.f (lnlu!.:('d!lc. ,'On8fllU! ,:f II !'tl'll: I"ourlng.mlll Ifeneml luel'\:":..mli~1: ,tore. oonft.'Ctluller.botel, car'\>CI;ter IIhop, 1,ladl~.,uilh Fh0l', lin'lIhol' hutllh·er ,hop, drUK'lItorC. :U'~n,\'rl"s "'!lee. 1llI1t>OIl, 1>O!'IoflkeIUId Chilleic \\"lUIh II0U...... Thllt ui Mt. IJall', ..'OIl,I.1ll of

eolot: of L1v1n1t in Oregon.

i'h~ price Hat taken from our rCRular edition

• aho"..a thd 6gur~ at which the st:tple8 of life

are 80lrl in thia eity to farmc", when l.1ying in

their l5l1pplies fl'>r tile "eaMlIl, anll :tl~ the

priCC8 paid to fnrmcrs by grr,ccr8 and COIO­

mis8ion men for their \'al'iou8 product8. Of

counethesepri~esvary'througl, the collntryand

with the !It'8.80n an,l country lOerchl\nts 8ell

~ ~uppli68at a higher rate than we 'luote here.

A! a rule we may c1nim tlmt all statole ~oodll

are 801el ill this country aa low a8 through the

Rt,tes West.of Chicl\lo(o, anll perhapa lower.

There i. lIharp e-,mpetitioll ill tl'artc and there

i8 no lack of m~rcianh nlHl m ..rchandi8e:

The grealellt rivalry exi8bll,etw...en the agents

of different mann:u.ctllrcrsof wag"na. c:\rriagea,

plow8 aml nil agricultural Illachillery. Of

course all the prodllcts of lhe ~oil are very

cheap here Bnd a plain family that is aatillfied

to live comfort-aMy CAn get nlong on IllOch

leas than it wou1L1 rf'(Jllu'C Ie )lo'\y for the H."\me

ataille of li villg ill All Ensteru St:l.te. Weeollld

.pewl con~iJ,~ral,l~ timc I.::iving further liKt of

pricd, but 0111' rf'J!:'.'lar lillt eove1"8 the at:\ples

of exi~tellcl' 0.11(1 we uced only add thlit lll'y

goodtl, dothins: ami ~euerlll~ lUerc"audii6 tire

r8lDArk:\.ble in thc I'alll~ proporti"u.