UNEP-BUET Workshop:

Technical Training for

Social Housing Stakeholders in Bangladesh

Workshop Introduction

Professor Dr. Shayer GhafurWorkshop Coordinator, Dept. of Architecture, BUET

E-mail: sghafur@bangla.net.bd

26-27 April, 2014 Dept. of Architecture, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology

2003

2013

can we go on like this business as usualurban and housing expansions

ongoing urbanization leads to expanding urban and housing development

Bashundhara Housing

or we chose sustainable alternatives forconsuming energy and resources in anefficient manner ?

Korail_Gulshan, 2011

business as usual housing divide between the formal and informal sectors

or we chose sustainable alternatives to address city’shousing needs in an affordable and equitable manner?

Korail_Gulshan, 2011

business as usual building solutions

or we chose sustainable alternatives that implement building solutions in an affordable, and energy and resourceefficient manner?

contents

the rest of the presentation now

• explains cautions on crisis for sustainability and how building and housing sectors turned to sustainability

• presents the basic premise of Sustainable Social Housing Initiative (SUSHI) as a housing response incorporating the building sector’s contribution to sustainability

• explains the framework of workshop on technical training

• tangible workshop outputs are outline as a conclusion

sustain : to support, to keep alivesustenance : the process of sustainingsustainable : an adjective describing an object to which is

given supports to keep it sustaining

sustainability : a process and attitude or view-point

sustainable development (WECD, 1987): “development that meets the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs”

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cautions on crisis - sustainability

• economic sustainability is understood as generating a maximum flow of economic welfare whilst maintaining the stock of assets, including environmental assets;

• social sustainability is people oriented, identified with the stability and cultural diversity of social systems;

• environmental sustainability refers to the preservation, the resilience and the adaptation of physical and biological systems.

multi-faceted notions of sustainability

• energy and resource crisis has had cautioned the building sector since the early 1970s

sustainable building _ UNEP

building sector’s sustainable turn

• building sector is responsible for a significant share of

energy use: approximately 40%

resource consumption: more than 30% of materials use and 20% of water use

source: UNEP, 2013, 16

waste generation: 30% of solid waste and 20% of waste water

greenhouse gas : 30% of global CO2 emission

sustainable building construction

– takes note of the complete lifecycle of a building, from the choice of initial materials to demolition and recycling

– refers to the use of environmentally preferable practices and solutions in each of the phases

– it applies to both renovation and retrofitting of existing buildings and construction of new buildings, whether residential, commercial, public or private.

sustainable building

• poverty and housing crisis has had reformed the housing sector since the mid 1970s

sustainable and affordable shelter _ UN-Habitat

shelter sector’s sustainable turn

UN-Habitat (2005, 164) defines sustainable shelter as

“environmentally, socially and economically sustainable because it satisfies the Habitat Agenda requirements of adequacy. Its acquisition, retention, and maintenance are affordable by those who enjoy it. It does not overburden the community with unaffordable costs. Finally, it is located in areas that do not constitute a threat to people or to the environment”.

sustainable adequate and affordable shelter requires

a) reducing housing production and delivery costsb) increasing income levelsc) protecting the poor from market poaching

– healthy, durable, safe and secure

– affordable for the whole spectrum of incomes

– well connected to jobs, shops, health-, and child-care, education and other services

attributes of sustainable housing

– using ecological low-energy and affordable building materials and technology

– resilient to sustain potential natural disasters and climate impacts

– connected to decent, safe and affordable energy, water, sanitation and recycling facilities

– efficient use of energy and water with on-site renewable energy generation and water recycling capabilities

– non-polluting environmentenvi

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source: UN-Habitat, 2012, 9

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(for sustainable shelter/housing)

(for the destitute)

(for slum upgrading)

Market Enabling

Aided-project Supports

Provision

housing policies’ sustainable turn

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Rapid and sustained urbanization lead to high housing demand

Urban challenges: lack of formal employment, low incomes, adjusting to

new lifestyles and urban culture, etc.

Lack of affordable, accessible and desirable housingalternatives lead to the prevalence and expansion

of informal settlements/slums

Social Housing (Govt., Co-op, NGOs)

standardized units at lowest-cost

Slum Upgrading(Municipalities, NGOs/CBOs)

covers only urban environment

Environmentally detrimental development: ‘lock in’ of energy demand and use. High operation costs for households. Housing is often

not social, culturally and economically responsive to households’ needs and values

Absence of sustainabilitydimensions

source: UN-Habitat (2012, 9)

1970-

2010-

sustainable focus for housing

Macro(National)

Meso(Regional, City)

Micro (Neighbourhood,Household)

• sustainable housing offers a great spectrum of opportunities

– to promote economic development, environmental stewardship, quality of life, and social equality

– while mitigating the problems of population growth, urbanization, slums, poverty, climate change etc.

source: UN-Habitat, 2012

sustainable framework for housing

Environmental

Social

Cultural

Economic mu

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dim

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multi-scaler

sustainable framework for housing

Area 1960/61* 1974 1981 1991 2001

Bangladesh 55.22 76.39 89.91 111.45 129.24

Urban 3.11 (5.6) 7.39 (9.7) 14.09 (15.7) 21.56 19.34) 28.8 (23.39)

Dhaka 0.55 1.61 3.44 6.11 9.91

City Dwellings per 1000 people

Households per occupied dwelling unit

Median housesize (m2)

Persons per room

Floor area per person (m2)

Dhaka 140 1.358 19.8 3.5 3.7

New Delhi 162 1.120 47.7 2.5 8.6

Jakarta 194 1.137 48.1 1.3 10.2

sustainable social housing initiative

• United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) initiated Sustainable Social Housing Initiative (SUSHI) in 2009 to promote the use of resource and energy efficient building solutions in social housing programs in developing countries

• the SUSHI project incorporates actions for

– environmental performance

– social equity

– economic durability

SUSHI

• the SUSHI project focuses on social housing, also referred to as affordable housing, that is defined as

“a segment of the housing market which caters specifically to the low-income population and has as its main concern the provision of housing units which are as affordable as possible, usually below standard market prices.” (UNEP, 2013)

• the SUSHI project guidelines are applicable both for

– designing new housing project and

– existing housing retrofit project

sustainable social housing is worthwhile because:

• the building sector has the highest potential for sustainability improvements;

• millions of affordable housing units are being constructed worldwide;

• sustainable buildings deliver environmental, but also social and economic benefits.

with these in mind, SUSHI has initiated pilot projects in Thailand and Brazil

SUSHI

aim:to address housing needs through sustainable social housing in an affordable, and energy and resource efficient manner.

workshop on technical training

implementing SUSHI requires knowledge-dissemination andcapacity building among local social housing stakeholders

objective: to increase the capacity of the local social housing stakeholders to assess and implement locally available sustainable building solutions.

local stakeholders

policy: National Housing Authority (NHA)Housing and Building Research Institute (HBRI)Capital Development Authority (RAJUK)Local Government Engineering Department (LGED)

local social housing stakeholders are identified in the areas of

practice: Capital Development Authority (RAJUK), CDA, KDA, RDALocal Government Engineering Department (LGED)Dept. of Architecture (MoHPW)

Institute of Architects (IAB)Real Estate and Housing Association of Bangladesh (REHAB)Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs)

pedagogy: Dept. of Architecture in different public and private universities in Bangladesh

avoid unintended paradox consider local context

ishak_South Africa source: web source: web

sustainable building solution

SUSHI defines sustainable solutions as “materials, techniques, technologies and/or actions which can improve the performance of the housing unit in one or more performance area.”

• the effectiveness of a building solution in any performance (or focus area) relates to the overall building design, construction, and operation while being user responsive

– design consideration can reduce demand for energy and resources

– social consideration can ensure implementation through users’ accessibility and affordability

• developing capacity of the stakeholders for assessment and implementation of building solutions requires our

sustainable building solution

ii) measuring performance of a focus area for sustainability

iii) assessing individual building solutions for selection

i) identifying discrete focus areas

source: UN-Habitat, 2013

energy resources

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planning/ design

construction

operation

energy water land materials waste

i. focus areas

energy water waste bioclimaticdesign strategy

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planning/ design

construction

operation

social dimensions

ii. performance indices of focus area

energy water waste bioclimaticdesign strategy

bu

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planning/ design

construction

operation

social dimensions

focus area

energy efficiency

objective

reduce energy consumption

Increase use of sustainable energy source

indicators

Kwh/year/hh

kw

baseline target building solutions

energy efficiency (led bulb)

in-site energy generation(solar power)

progressive adjusted locally available

• assessing alternative solutions individually

• comparing alternative solutions through a simplified cost-benefit analysis

• comparing alternative solutions with standard solution

iii. assessing solution’s in focus areas

energy water waste bioclimaticdesign strategy

bu

ildin

g so

lutio

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planning/ design

construction

operation

social dimensions

Sustainable Solutions for Social Housing.Guidelines for Project Developers (UNEP, 2013)

workshop speakers

bioclimatic design strategy

energy efficiency water efficiency waste management

social dimensions

• Reduce the energy demand

• Improve natural light & ventilation

• Reduce energy consumption

• Reduce carbon emission

• Increase renewable energy

• Reduce water consumption

• Increase water reuse

• Waste collection

• Waste treatment

• Accessibility

• Affordability

• Adaptability

key focus areas

Dr. K S AhmedDoA, BUET

Dr. Md. Ashikur R JoarderDoA, BUET

Eng. Syed Azizul HaqDoPW

Ar. A H M M SinhaWaste Concern

Dr. Shayer GhafurDoA, BUET

Buildings Reduced energy Consumption Water use in buildings Buildings and slums Buildings

Dr. Saiful HuqueIoE, DU

Dr. Dibalok SinghaDSK

Renewable energy generation Water use in slums

Ar. Nafizur RahmanHBRI

Ar. A T M ShahjahanAIUB

Md. Abul BasharHabitat for Humanity

Lessons from eco-house Lessons from LGED waste management

Lessons from waste-water management

Expert Speakers

Participant Speakers

• this workshop adopts a design-based approach, pursued through interactions among speakers, participants and community

• design proposal as a way of retrofit a dwelling/building with locally available solutions in specific site involves:

– thematic presentations: expert speakers introduces a focus area; outline its indices, e.g. objective, indicator, baseline and target; explains the ways in which possible solution works, or can be designed, or can be assessed

– draft database: participants selects building solutions from a draft database keeping in mind, especially, their climatic and environmental appropriateness, and affordability.

– site information

workshop methodology

key workshop activities

presentations( focus areas)

draft database(building solutions)

site information(multi-storey building and slum)

theoretical-practical knowledge

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• UNEP-BUET workshop on technical training for social housing stakeholders in Bangladesh sets a framework for progressive learning and cooperation among local stakeholders

• expected tangible outputs are:

workshop outputs

– an awareness of sustainable social housing as an outcome of changing global housing strategy for addressing local housing needs

– multi-disciplinary theoretical-practical exposure to building solutions in focus areas

– capacity for assessing building solutions in multiple-focus areas in building/slum

– experience of working within a multiple-focus area team for designing building solutions in building/slum

Thank You