B i io n e T a B . C tojm chobuIiy H H B e p 3HTeT y B e o r p a a y V f l K 8 2 1 .1 1 1 ( 7 3 ) .0 9

O hjiojiouikh (J)aKyjiTeTs l o t e r d a j k @ g m a i l . c o m opiiniHajiHii H ayH H ii pag

THPAHHJA BEJIHHHHE - KYJIE EJIH3HAKHH>E KO A

flEJIHJIA

CAMETAK: Pa/i c e 6aBH m o th b o m CB eTC K or TproB H H C K or H c m p a o tu io c i io

K y n a 6nn3HaKHH>a c p y in e H iix 2001. ro z iiiH e , y p o M a m iM a c a B p eM eH o r aM epiiH K or

m ic i j a f lo H a g e n i m a . Y H>eroBHM zieniiM a H a c ra m iM n p e T epop iicT H H K or H an az ia K yne

c e y B u rn e H aB paTa no jaB Ji> y jy K ao aM 6neM H >yjopica h c a B p eM eH o r KariHTajiH3M a, a j in h K ao c iim 6 o ji c n n c T c i in n ja .n im x ii c m o h h o iu l t i i h x CTan>a jy n a K a h K ao m c c to / ic m a B a ib a ;

h > h x o b H 3 rn e ii ii H aM eH a, h > iixob n o n o a c a j h (J)yHKi(nja y zipyinTB eH 0-eK 0H 0M CK 0j h

c h m 6 o h h h k o j paBHH aciiBOTa rp a z ia npeziM eT c y p a 3 ro B o p a h BpeziHOCHHX CTaBOBa

HeKOJiHKHx f le n H n o B i« jyHaKHH>a. H a 'i n n Ha K o ju c y n p iiK a3 aH e h k o h t c k c t y k o ju c e

T e, t o t o b o HCKJi.yHHBO aceHCKe npeziC TaB e o K ynaM a C M eniTajy , n o K a 3 y jy f le m u io B O KpuTHHKO anravK O B aibc Ha ti c m h c t h c|) h k a r i n j h h k o h h h h h x M ecTa h H .ic o J io rn ja K oje

TaKBa M ecTa h hi-iiic HKOHaMa c a B p eM eH o r CBeTa. J lo n iK a h c r p a T e r n j a y /iB ajan> a.

K o n i ip a i ta , c e p n jc K e npoH 3B o/iH .e , K oje K y n e O B a n n o liy jy , j e c y n p e /iM e T f le m u io B e poM aH ecK H e aH ajiH 3e HM arHHapHHX h c h m 6 o j ih h k h x ecjjeicaTa K an u T a jia h H>eMy

n o z ip e l)eH e T e x H 0 J i0 rn je y caBpeM eH OM zipyinT B y. CmiKa K y n a 6nH3HaKHH>a y

poM aH H M a Hipcmu (1977), Mao II (1991) u IIog3eMjbe (1997) o cB eT JteH a j e 113 y r n a B o .ip n ja p o B C T e o p n je o / iy o n o jry . K a c r e n c o B e K o im c n n u jc / i y a jm o r r p a / i a h O v k co b c

a H T p o n o n o rn je H eM ecTa ( n o n - l ie u ) .KibyHHe pemt: C b c t c k u TproBHHCKH ijeH T ap (K y n e 6nH3HaKHH>e), i iy o n o n ,

iiy a jia H rp a z i, HeMecTO.

K a ^ a j e f l ,6™ 110 2 0 0 7 . o 6ja B i io p o M a H T l a g m , H a 3 B aB u m r a n o

y 3 H e M H p y jy h o j 11 aM G iiB aneH T H oj (J iO T o rp a tJu iju HOBeica K o ju n a g a H ii3 je f lH y o a

K y n a C B eT C K or T pro B H H C K o r n c H T p a (C T L I,) t o k o m T cp o p u cT i-rH K o r H a rra /ia ,

c))OT0 rpar)ji-iji-i K o ja j e o / i \ i a x n o o 6ja B J L H B a ity n o c T a n a „ h c t o b p c m c h o HKOHiiHHa 11

H e a o n y c T H B a ” ( J u n o d 2 0 0 9 ) , 1 t o j e a e n o B a j io t o t o b o j i o i i i h h o ; H e n o c p e ^ H o n o ć n e

1 y ^ e j i i u i o B O M p o M a H y p e n j e o y M eT H H H K O M p e ii3 B o t je H > y 0 B 0 r n a f l a , i-i t o n o H iiT aB O M

H > y jo p K y , H H M e c e c y r e p i i m e M eT O H iiM iijcK i-i i-i c i ' i M 6 o j i m K H o ^ h o c H 3 M e tjy c p y m e H i i x

208 Biiojieuia B. CuiojMeHoeuh

11. cenTCMÔpa 2001. ,Z],eJiHJio je m hothm cbojhm HUTaoni-TMa aenoBao Kao npopoK.

J\a jih caMO 3aTO mTO ce m othb Tepopn3Ma jaB Jta y BeîiHHH iteroBHX poMaHa, a

HapoHHTO y poMaHy Mao II, kojh Kpo3 npi-THy o yMCTHi-rnuMa h h.hxobhm

no3HaHHL[HMa H3 CBeTa nonHTHKe h KanHTana Hy/ii-r n p o b o k îit h b h y h m oK affray

npeflCTaBy o TcpopucTH Kao HacneflHHKy n p im o B C /ia H a ? CBaKaKO. MeljyTHM, caMe,

ca/ia Bi-rtnc HcnocTojclîc Kyne cy n o c e 6aH m othb h aMÔJieM y ,Il,eJiHJi0B0M onycy;

npHKa3aHe cy Ha TaKaB HaHHH a a npc/iCTaFsa o ni-rcuy Kao npopoKy h jih Kao

ccn iMorpacjiy apyuiTBa - a H36op h jih , 6oJi>e, HeoflJiyHHBOCT H3Mel)y peJiHrH03H0-

MHCTHHHe H HaVHHC MCTacjiOpHKC ,H,eJIHJIO CBOM HHTaOHy HenpeCTaHO Ha\rclîc H

OHCMorylïaFsa - flenyje îancTa y 6eflJLHBO. HaponuTO 3aTO h ito ce Ha KopmiaMa

aMepHHKor i-n/iai-ba IIog3eMjba (1997) nojaBHJia pcnpo/iyKm-rja cjiOTorpacjmjc

ÀH/ipca KepTeca (André Kertész) H3 1972. (

C ji. 1), Tj. H3 BpeMeHa npefl 3aBpmeTaK 6nH3aHaHKHX Kyna, Ha Kojoj cy BpxoBH Kyna y 6nypy, Kao y /ihmv h Hcnape&HMa, /iok MHHHjaTypHa CHJiyeTa HeKe nTHHe flaHamiter rneflaoHa JiaKO mo>kc a a Haec/ic Ha to /ia je 3aMeHH CHJiyeTOM aBHOHa; 3a6aT HpKBe ca KpcTOM y npBOM nnaHy KOHTpacTHpa peJiHrH03H0 h CBeTO np0())aH0\r, nparMaTHHHOM h obocbbtckom, TpojcTBO .TBojcTBy, Kao /ia HajaBJLyje cyKo6 peJiHrnje h KanHTajia.

,H,ejiHJia CTtl, He HHTepecyje caMO 3aTo h ito je y nHTa&y rpaljeBHHa h HHCTHTyHHja HacTajia ca npeTeH3HjoM a a 6yge eBeTeKa, a a cHM6onH3yje rji06anH30BaHy eKOHOMHjy h üyjopK Kao cpeflHiirre cbhx (]) h h a h c h j c k h x TpaHcaKHHja h KynonpoflajHHX TOKOBa, Kao hh caMO 3aTO h ito iteroB rpag jecTe npeno3HaTJLHB, HiHpoM CBeTa, h no obhm /ifscmîi KynaMa. EKcnnHHHTHO, Kyne 6jiH3HaKH&e 3a a é r a cy MapKep HeorpaHHHeHor noBepe&a flOMHHaHTHe aMepHHKe KyjiType y \rolî TexHonornje h i-bchv KOHTpony Hag 6y/iylîHonilîy, y moIî Koja HOBe HayHHO-TexHOJiOHiKe npot-nBO/ic Hijc/iHaHaFsa ca hv/iom, npngaje hm m hcthhho gecjTBo: „Kyne HHcy 6njie caMO aviônevi Hanpc/iHc TexHonornje, bcIî h cBojeBpcHo onpaBflaite 3a HeoflOJtHBy BOJty TexHononije ga y HBpcTOM o6nHKy peajiH3yje CBe niTO nocTaHe TCOPCTCKH /lorrycTUBO. Jc/ihom /iccfn-rHi-rcaHa, cBaKa ce rpaHi-rna Mopa ÆocerHyra” (DeLillo 2001: 37-38).

Oea 6nH3aHaHKa rpaljeBHHa y iteroBHM ce geJiHMa Be3yje npcBacxo/iHO 3a aceHCKe jiHKOBe, y cMHcny ga y poMaHHMa y KojHMa ce nojaBJtyje nocToje enroo^e tokom Kojnx HeKa ofl jyHaKH&a nocMaTpa hjih ca HCTO/iOFsai-bCM KOMeHTapHine

r p a l j e B H H a h r p a f l a . H O B fle c y , K a o h y B e K KOfl ,H ,e jiH J ia , y M e T H H K h a e r o B p a f l H a

n o H a B J t a a y h p e K O H T e K C T y a j i iB a q i i j i i H e K e j ii -m H e i i / h j i h H a q n o H a j i H e T p a y M e K J ty H H H 3 a

p a 3 y M e B a H > e C B eT a .

THPAHHJA BEJIHHHHE - KYJ1E BJ1H3HAKHH.E KOfl flEJlHJIA 209

rpagity o / i h o c h o Heice a c n e K T e , /i p y r i i t fs c h o - c k o h omckc m yp6aHHCTHHKe c c ) )c k tc

0B 0 r MOHyMeHTajmor m pa'iMCTJtHBor (JmHaHciijC K or cpc/iHiiiTa. JyHaKHita IIog3eMjba, yM CTHi-rna Knapa, nocMaTpa Kyne y H3rpafliiH, KopncTefiH ce MoryfiHotnliy Kojy joj npyaca Taga noMogaH oGi-THaj apyaceita Ha KpoBOBHMa 3rpaga, r g e ce cene MHoro6pojHe HHflHBHflyanHe h apyuiTBeHe 3 k t h b h o c t h , oa UorHHra go no3opHiiiHHX npeflCTaBa. Ca Te BHCHHe H.eH nornefl Ha cnojeBe yp6aHor npocTopa m h c t o p h j c k h x BpeMeHa Koje cy apxHTeKTOHCKH m aeKopaTHBHH o 6 j i h h h y c c 6 h c aH y B an H H \ia o ti< p h b a n a h k v cj)yHK[[Hjy. K oH TeK CT i-bCHor

pacnonoaceita a o k nocMaTapa m npoMi-rtiuta pacT Kyna y h c t b p t o m fleny poMaHa, k o j h ce o/iBi-rja 1974, o6eneacaBa m pacnneT T3B. acjicpc BoTeprejT (o fs /ic npiiKa jaHC Kpo3 CBoje oflcycTBo, jep TB j i h k HnKcoHa, ncnpnjtcH, oropncH m o tv I ^ c h , t c k

npoMHHe Ha Mapn-THaMa KnapHHe ncpucnm-rjc). CaMa acjicpa, i-raKO TeK noMeHyTa, jecTe BaacHa KOMnoHeHTa caitHBOCTH Koja iteHoj nepHemiHjH gaje (JtnyHflaH h

TpenepaB KBajiHTeT, Kao ga H.eH nornefl h cnyx nnyrajy no Ba3flyxy Hag rpagoM, oflpaacaBajyhH BpeMe TCMCJtHor noapHBaita yecpci-ba m noBepe&a, CBeonuiTe H ecH iypH O C T H 36or H eM oryfiH O CTH a a ce pacno3Hajy CTBapHOCT h HJiy3Hje, g a ce yone M e a u jc K e KOHCTpyKHHje h C H M ynaH H je Koje CTBapHOCT noKpHBajy h

H 3 o 6 n H H y jy . OnuiTa noMeTeHOCT ce y i-bchom nHKy KpHCTajiHine y Bi-r/iy CTBapanaHKe Kpi-nc, noTpe6e 3a h o b o m nocTHKOM. y t o m KOHTeKCTy Kyne Koje CBaKOflHeBHO pacTy 3a H.eH ecTeTCKH ceH3H6HJiHTeT HMajy MarHeTCKy CHary, (JiacL iH H H pajy c b o j 'o m Meraji0MaHCK0M npnpoflOM h c b o j 'o m TeaatoM a a oapa3e K'pcTai-bc Ha rope, caH o ocBajaity k o c m h h k h x npocTopa k o j 'h cy cc/iaM/ieccTC, nocne H aB 0 flH 0 r npBor cneTaita Ha Meceii, rajnne h noflCTHHane. HnaK, Ta

npHBJiaHHOCT MOHyMeHTaJIHOr, rCOMCTpjlj’CKC CTporOCTH M HaMeTJLHBe Moti M „aeMOHCKa” je jep cy Kyne ogpa3 MacoBHe h cepnjcKe np0H3B0flite, rpaljeBHHa ,,ca TpaKe” (DeLilo 2007: 385). 36or Tora je a b o j 'h o c t npHBHflHa, y nHTaity je jeflHa ¡rpa/ia (380) Koja ce m ovkc aynnHpaTH y 6ccKOHaLiHOCT. ATpnGyT, npi-r t o m , y c(})cpy bhcokc TexHonornje m CTpore paHH0HajiH0CTH yeo/in eneMeHaT C p C ,T I-b O B C K 0 B H 0 r M HH(})CpHaJTHOr, HI-THClitl Ofl Kyjia npC.TMCT „TeXHOJIOUIKHy iBi-rtiicHor” (Jam eson 2003: 37), TexH ononije Koja je , y TeaotH Ka caBJiaaaBaity M ofiH m y jbhiiichocth npi-rpo/ic, yBena HOBe o6nHKe jacTpaiiiyjylic npHBJiaHHOCTH 0H0ra mTO je HccaMcpuBO ca JLygcKHM kofhhthbhhm cn0C06H0CTHMa, a m T O , no UcjMCOHy, ynpaBO apxnTCKTypa omanaBa Ha hajpcnpc >,chtaTnbhnjm HaHUH.

C a p y r e C T paH e, 4 )0 T 0 rp a (J )K H iia B p n T a y p o M a H y M ao I I K y n e , K o je

CTanHO BHflH c a c b o j h x n p o 3 o p a , „ c h j i h o H aro M H JiaH e m 6 n H 3 y ” ( D e L i l l o 1992: 287), K ao g a c y bcIi y H y T a p i-bCHor CTaHHi-rlia, floacH B JLaB a K ao c h m 6 o j i C B era 0 H 0 r a

3 6 o r H e r a j e 6 e c je.T H H o cT iH CTCH nnjajTH o h n c n x o n o u iK o c T a i t e K o je o x ro ry l ia B a

n p e a c H B JL a B a ite y I t y jo p K y . H e caM O K y n e C TLI,, Bell CBe B d i n 6 p o j K y n a h u h v o k o

i t e H o r C TaH a, 3 a x T e B a jy h H p y m e i t e , t j . a a c e „ c n j b o u r r e h j i h o flB y K y ” (39) c b h

apxHTeKTOHCKH, B a ja p cK H h a p y r n B H 3yenH H eneM eH T H k o j h c y E p h t h h n o r n e a

K p 0 3 n p 0 3 0 p /TO T a /ia HHHHJIH MHOUITBeHHM, p a 3 ra JL y jy llH M , flHHaMHHHHM -

3 b o h h h h , o rjam -r, ro n y 6 a p H H H H , h h 3 0 b h '/Ki-rna c a n p o cT p T H M B e m o M ( k o j h c y k o /i

f l,en H Jia n p e ^ M e T n o c e 6 H H X y c x H h e i t a , g e o n o eT H K e y a y G jL H B a ita y CBaKOflHeBHHy

210 Buojieuia B. CuiojMeHoeuh

h aeH e Haje<|)eMepHHje h Hajnpona3HHje, HeyxBaTJtHße aeT ajte k o j 'h H3a3HBajy TpeHyTHe Bi-rmjc CKyjmTypa(jiHor), h c h c t u ito H cn y aaß a m oÖJiHKyje npocTop). KoMCHTaputiiylii'r T3B. u c h t pmc j)mkariiijy, Kao cypoßo, HeMHJiocpflHO „H H intieae” npocTopa ofl cupoMatiiTBa, HCKopi-TCHC acHBomicHOCTH m JioKanHe 6oje, Bpi-rra yonaßa t c h t i c h u h jy Ka n o T n y H o j k o m o jiHtJiHKaLiHjh c b h x rpaflCKHX npocTopa: „CaB je npocTop yHyTpa” (40). Cße Mopa a a 6yae n o a Ha/nopoM m n o n k o h t p o j i o m

KanHTajia, H3HajMJLHßo, peHTaÖHJiHO, BJiacHHinTBO m p o 6a. KpaTaic, HCTiOBpnicH, He3aKJLyHeH pa3roßop J-nvicljy K nape m EHJia, rn-rcua k o j 'h ce CKpiiBa o g jaBHOCTi-r, MC.Tnja, rpa/ioFsa... npi-ru-ma E0Tipnjap0B0 paixraTpai-bc CMHCJia n o cT o jaaa flßejy h t i c h t h h h h x Kyna (a He je.THC)/ IloKymaBajyliH /ia BpuTH cKpeHe n a a c a y Ha violi HaBHKe Koja HeyrpajiHine OTnop k o j 'h h o b h h 3 y noH C TK y npoBOHHpa, Ha gejcTBO BpeMeHa Koje HenpHjaTejtcKe nojaße nocTeneHo xyMaHH3yje, h h h h no3HaTHM h

6 j i h c k h m , B h j i HaßOflH BpHTy Ha to ga noMHCJiH k o j i h k o 6 h ro p e 6 h j io Kaga 6 h

ÖHJia caMO jeflHa Kyna.

„ M h c j ih u i a a OHe C T y n a jy y H H T epaK H H jy. Ty je n r p a c b c t iio c t h .”

„3ap He 6h jeflHa jeflHHa Kyna ÖHJia MHoro ro p a?”„He, jep M o je ß en H K o H e r o a o ß a a e je caM O ae jiH M H H e 36o r ßenH H H H e.

B en H H H H a j e cM pT O H ocH a. A j i h , t o i i i t o h x h m 3 m o tifsc j e K ao HeKH

KOMeHTap, to je Kao a n jan o r, caMO mTO ja He 3H3M uiTa to OHe Kaacy.” „Kaacy: ‘npnjaTaH flaH.’” (D eL illo 1992: 39-40).

y no3a/iHHH oßor a n ja n o ra H3Mel)y pa36em aeH e 4)0T0rpa<|)KHae h

HpoHHHHor nncHa - n p n hcmv cy ono3HHHje BH3yeJiHO - ßep 6ajiHO, cJiHKa - peLi, ■/KCHCKO - MyuiKO, o r o p Lici-bc - HOHinanaHHHja h a p y re Koje anxoB H j i h k o b h

HMnnHHHpajy HcnipcHCHH /ico pa3roßopa o hchcm v mTO je npoH3ßoa penpoayK O B aaa HCTor, a He pa3JiHKe - Ha3Hpe ce npe/iCTaBa o 3aTB0peH0CTH, ayTopetJiepeHHHjajiHocTH, a v t o p c rr p o ti y k n hJ t-r 36or Koje cy ay jopu iK e 6nH 3aH aH K e

Kyne TaKO npeHH3aH BH3yeJiHH penpe3eHTaHT KanHTajia Kao an cT p aK T H e h

ayTOHOMHe BpeflHocTH, Kao h c h c t mTO je ycneno Tia nocTaHe He3aBHCHo oti cpegcTaBa 3a npoH 3ßoaay h Mogena npoH3Bol)eaa, o tihocho jcTU-tHi-r npaBH h

6 h t 3 h np0H3B0fl CBer MaTepHjanHor h HeMaTepHjanHor paga; KanHTajia k o j 'h

CTBapa npHBHflHy, noßpm H y pa3JiHKy fla 6h ce6e pcnpoTiyKOFsao. HnaK, y OHOMe mTO je H3 KnapHHe nepcneKTHBe Tpi'rjyMcj) ko mo tim(})mkar[h j c npocTopa, B h j i Kao Tia, HnaK, HacJiyhyje h MorytiHOCT CBojeßpcHe KOMOflH<|)HKaHHje o tihocho y3ajaMHor M O flH (J)H K yjylier T icjcTBa o 6 e 3 J iH H e H o r, o6e '¡T iy x o b tb c h o r npocTopa h acH B or

occfiaja 3a MecTO h 3a o ti h o c HTiCHTHTCTa m M ecT a koj'h npocTopy fs paha „Tiyrny” .

„ 3 6 o r qera nocToje gee Kyne C ß e T C K o r TproBi-racKor qem pa y EbyjopKy? [...] Y obom flynjiiipaay i-rna HeKe noce6He flpaaai. [...] OHe He o6pañajy naacay Ha flpyre 3rpafle, OHe He npiinaflajy HCToj pacii, OHe hx Biime He H3a3HBajy h He nopefle ce ca aiiMa, OHe ce oraeflajy jeflHa y flpyroj h rocnoflape tiim npecTi-DKOM cjiiihhocth. Oho mTO jeflHa flpyroj ynyñyjy, to je iifleja MOflena K o jy je f lH a 3a f l p y r y n p e f lC T a B J ta jy ” (n o f lB y ic a o 5K. B .) (Bodrijar 1 9 9 1 : 8 3 -

8 4 ) .

THPAHHJA BEJlEFiHHE - KYJIE EJ1H3HAKHH.E KOfl flEJIHJIA 211

Jc/ihhh TpeHyTaK Ka,Ta ce Kyjie npHKaiyjy ri3 Tain<c rneflHuiTa MyuiKor jiHKa - CKOTa, ceKpeTapa mrena EriJia, Kojri ce y tom MOMeHTy Hajra m y EpriTHHOM CTaHy h Hfle 3a üom aok OHa racu CBeTJia, 3ay3HMa aeHy rro3Himjy - ricTrme ocehaj yrpo'/KCHocTi-r koj'h OHe npoBonnpajy: „Obo je pen ‘Ha/iBi-rjcHiy y cBoj aeHoj nponoHrnpaHoj m rrpcTclioj CHam” (87). /Ipyri-rM pcHHMa, Kyne flenyjy Kao ga caMO niTO HHcy 3riteHHJie OKpyaceae Hag KojriM ce y3flnacy - He Hyari, CTora, to uito je 3a HacnoB eceja o TcpopucTHHKOM Harraay Ha CTLI, 2001. ^eimiro ynoTpeGno EoflpnjapoBy CHHTarMy „pyineBrme Gv^vIihocth” .3 IlonyT BcHjaMHHOBor MenaHxonHKa aireropricTe ^enHJioBH jihkobh caflauiaocT bh/ic Kao Beli pyuHi-rpaHy, Kao pytncBHHy Koja he 6hth. Hccto ce aernaBa /ia c())CKaT ncpncnnnjc HeKor HVBCHor 06.rraK0.Tcpa (Ckotobc y Mao II [DeLillo 1992: 21], JlajiroBe y Hipamaia [DeLillo 1989: 191], Hhkobc y llogieM.by [DeLilo 2007: 310]) 6y/ic Bi-rmja CKpHBeHHX HanpcHyha m CKJiri3Hyha, 6yayher ypymaBaaa, Bi-rmja HCCTpnjtuBC ri H aM eTJLHBe 6 y a y h H 0 C T H . TaKo ri Kyjie C K O Ty aeiryjy Kao HecTa6r«iHe, uito noTBpl)yje m KacHi-rja KpaTKa orracKa ri3 K a p c H H H o r ,T 0 '/K H B JtcH 0r roBopa, / io k Ha Ephthhom TaBaHy p a i r j r c / i a c jiO T o rp ac jm jc : cjaj 6oje v k u b c o / ih c k v / i CTBapa cc))CKaT

noMepaaa m rro/ir-narfea Tpyrra Kyjia (DeLillo 1992: 187). IteHa n cp n cn n n ja je npoponaHCKa: KapeH je, Kao npi-rna/iHi-rna U,pi<BC yjeflHaeaa, p a rm n T O iH o r

noKpeTa KopejcKor nopeiaia, o g Koje je Ha criJiy o /iF so jcH a, ri aajte, a o k noBVHCHO

acHBH c a Ehjiom m Ckotom, i to c c G h o o c e T J tr iB a Ha CBe n p e / r m a K e 6 y / i y l i c r

n y c T o m e a a , Ha CBe nvKOTHHC m k p h b h h c K o je o g a j y H a/io JT asc lic K aT acT poc))c,

yp y m aB aae npocTopa, axri-i m BpeMeHa. I teH a TaLn<a nreflHuiTa, (JiopMripaHa K O H iie im rijo M rroacypyjyher B p eM eH a ( h u r r y up time [9])4, B p eM eH a y6p3aaa ri

yacyp6aHor npr-mpcN-tarta 3a HemTO, y cJiriKy Ity jopK a v h o ch rr p c /ianor<anmitth h hv aTMOC())epy, OTKpHBajyhn CBe oho m r o je a e r o B O M iBaHUHHOM cjihkom npHKpHBeHO, nOTHCHVTO, HCnpHiHaTO, mTO /lOrrpHHOCH h c m h h o b h o c t h

KaTaKJiH3MHHHor pa3pemeaa.M eljyraM , Kyjie CTLI, hc jaejtajy ce caMO Ha /ihjc r c t h hko m hi-tbov poMaHa,

Kao eireMeHaT Tonorpatjirije üyjopKa ri aeroB aMÖJieM, Hero ri Ha HHBoy eK(J)pa3e: Knapa, HanMC, y aBi-rcmy i<ojhm j ie ra 3a T okho y Hacorrirey OTKpi-ma cJiriKy OonaKogep III5 Koja, y CTBapn, rrpeflCTaBJta OBe Kyjie ri to „6am ri3 0H0r yrira ri3

,,H OBfle je HCTopiija jiHiiHiiJia (^aHTacTimaH KopaK yHa3afl - rpa^etu-i pymeBHHe6yflytiHOCTi'i” (Bodrijar 1995: 78).

4 JlajTM OTHBCKH K o p e jcK H H 3 p a3 „ n a j i i i - n a j i i i ” yBOfli-i c e y n p o jio n iK O M n o riia B J i> y p o M a H a Ha ciuaguoHV Jeumija, K o je n p i iK a 3 y je KOJieKTHBHO B e H H a a e o rp o M H o r 6 p o j a n a p o B a

,,M y H iije B a q a ” , KaKO c e o G iih h o , n o cbom B o lju , H a3 H B ajy npiinaflHimi'i L[pK B e yjefliiH >eH >a,

npeno3H aT Ji> i'iB e n o TOM e m TO H>eH B o lja BH3HOHapcKi'i (H a c y M iiq e ) 6 i i p a 6 y f ly t i e n a p o B e , i-i

3HaHi'i , ,n o 5 K y p i i ! ” , „ B p a c e !” . 0 3 H a q a B a , flaK Jie , x iith o c t n o B e 3 a H y c a O H eK H B aaeM C y flH > er

flaHa.5 y obom poMaHy Koju, noHeBmn ofl HacnoBa - penniiKe Ha3HBa BopxojioBe cepiije nopTpeTa

M ao L[e TyHra - BpBH ofl npiiKa3a yMeTHHHKiix flena i-i pa3roBopa/pa3Miimji>aH>a o aiiM a, ^ejiiijio ce cjiyaa-i cneqii4)i'mHOM CTpaTenijoM (He)npeflCTaBJi>aH>a: Ka^a noMime cmiKapcKa flena, HaBOfli-i HacnoBe cmiKa (Koje, Kao i-i BopxojioBa, ca^pace piiMCKH 6poj, ajiyfliipajyliH Ha cepiijajiHOCT i-i cepiijcKy np0H3B0flH>y), ani-i He i-i HMeHa cjiHKapa (mTO je ajiy3iija Ha

212 Biiojieuia B. CuiojMenoeuh

Kojera hx OHa bhrh ca CBor npo3opa h y hctom MpaHHOM a y x y . To cy 6HJie iteHe Kyne, 6e3 npo3opa, /ifsc upHC T a 6 n e oa JiaTeKca Koje r y T a j y caB pacnonoacHB npocTop” ( 1 6 5 ) . /Ipyn-TM pcHHMa, Kyne cy Ha cjihhh npc/iCTaB_rbCHC Kao HemTO hito ce He mo'/KC iancTa npeacTaBHTH, Hero TeK HaroBecTHTH Kpo3 c ))o p \iy ceHKe. Pa/in ce o jm m m y H3 1 9 8 4 . ( 3 0 5 x 1 4 5 c m ) ityjopmKor yMCTHHKa Po6epTa MocKOBHna, ko]h ce (JiopMHpao nog yn-rnajcM fl,enHJiy TaKO /iparor ancTpaKTHor eKcnpecnoHH3Ma (hjih T3B. ItyjopuiKe uiKOJie6) h MHHHMajiH3Ma, a koj'h je 1 9 9 0 ,

Kaga je poMaH HacTajao, HMao peTpocneKTHBy y MOMA (Hughes 1 9 9 0 ) . Epnra je 1 9 8 9 , Ka^a ce pa^ita poMaHa oflBHja (no HCTopnjckhm aoraljajHMa Kojn ce y

poMaHy noMHity), iancTa „Morna” a a hu t a qjiaHaK o obom yMeTHHKy, y KojeM ce roBopn h o HaBC/iCHoj cjihhh.7 Hjchhm pa3MHUiJLaitHMa ce anyanpa Ha iteroBy ckjtohoct a a ofl Hajnpeno3HaTJLHBHjHX, hkohhhhhx o6jeKaTa CTBapa ancTpaKHHje, 0fly3HMajyhn hm aeTajte h CBOflehn hx Ha CHJiyeTe concTBeHHX o6nHKa, Ha acKeTCKH ockv/ihc noBptiiHHc Koje npeTBapa y MncTepno3He m y jHCMj-rpyjylic TparoBe. OiHKa npcHocn OHy HeMOCT Kyna o Kojoj roBopn E o / ip u ja p - „b i-tiiic

HeMajy c])aca/iy. CBaKa pe())cpcHna Ha xaGnTyc, Ha c})aca/iy Kao JiHHe [Kojy cy CTapuje i-byjoptiiK C nocnoBHe ¡ r p a / i c rrocc/iOBajrc] 6 n B a j-n O p H caH a” (Bodrijar 1 9 9 1 :

8 4 ) . MeljyraM, oho uito B p n T y y obom cnynajy 3anpenamhyje, y 3 HJiy3Hjy yMeTHHKOBor noHCTOBeftHBaita ca i-bchom TaHKOM nieflHinTa, Kao fla je 6opaBi-ro y

iteHoj co6h, jecTe HHpKynaHHja npe^CTaBa Koja yKH^a HHflHBHflyanHOCT h

CHHiynapHOCT mhcjih h hhthmhhx ca^pacaja CBeCTH, Kao h npHBaTHOCT: h h h h joj ce Kao fla ce iteHe mhcjih H3JiHBajy h OTyljyjy, npeno3Haje hx Ha (JioTorpatJiHjaMa, an H h y (J)pH3ypaMa h cnoraHHMa. „Bnflena je H ajM yT aB H je /iCTajLC C B o jn x

KOHqenqiijy o CMpTH ayTopa, KaKO y C M H C Jiy K o j n cy joj flani-i PojiaH BapT (Barthes 1977) h

Miimeji <I>yKO (Fiiko 2012) - fleno Hiije h He M o a c e 6 h t h c t p i i k t h o HHTeHqiioHajiHa TBopeBHHa na ce h He M o a c e noiiMaTH Kao fla je np0H3B0fl CBor ayTopa, Beh je, HanpoTHB, ayTop (j)yHKqi'ija h e(j>eKaT flena Koje je , y cynmiHH, aHOHHMHa, HaflHHflHBi-myajiHa, HHTepTeKCTyajiHa h HHTepflHCKyp3HBHa TBopeBHHa - TaKO h y CMHCJiy Kojn HMnjiiiqiipa non- apT npaKca 3acHOBaHa Ha KBa3iicepiijcKoj penpoflyKqiiji-i HHflycTpiijcKHX h MefliijcKiix cepiijcKHX np0H3B0fla; Kafla naK roBopn o (J>0T0rpa(j>HjaMa, ,H,ejiHJio HaBOflH aiixoBe ayTope, aun He i i HacjioBe - HiiTajiaq Mopa fla h x OTKpiije Ha 0CH0By nrrype eK(j>pa3e. /],Ba cy H3y3eTKa ofl OBfle CKiiqiipaHor peaaiMa: Bopxon Kojn je, Kao MefliijcKa 3Be3fla, nocTao CBojeBpcaH 6peHfl h Mapi-raa A6paMOBiih, Koja ce He noMiiae 3aTO i u t o ce H>eH h YnajeB nep(j)opMaHC Xog fio B e m iK O M (K im e c K O M ) 3ugy y poMaHy npeflCTaBJta Kao maci-raa, Kao napa6ona o ji>y6aBHHqHMa Kojn ce cacTajy h pa3HJia3e, Kojy 3a BpeMe Benepe npi-moBefla BpiiTa (70). Peqjy, ,H,ejiHJio HcniiTyje pa3He ayTopcKe no3Hqiije aKTyejiHe y BpeMeHy y KojeM yMeTHHHKy cqeHy h aeHe aKTepe KOHCTpyiiiny, Kpo3 TeH3iije h KOHceH3yce, Mefliijii, T p a a i n i T e , Kopnopaqiije h HHCTHTyqiioHajiHH ((j>HJi030(j>CKH, TeopiijcKH, k p h t i i h k h ) fliicKypcii O yMeTHOCTIi.

6 AncTpaKTHH eKcnpeciíOHH3aM, qe3 h eBponcKH (J)h jim cy yTiiqajii Koje /te ju in o caM HaBOflH ( b . Passaro 1991).

7 „YnafljuiBO aMÓneMaTi-inHe no3e 6jiHCTaBO qpHiix Kyna TproBi-mcKor qeHTpa HacnpaM 6neflo HapaHqacTor qpHor He6a Ha cjiiiqii OSnciKogep III je c y KyjiTypHH MapKepii, anil TaKolje h jeflHOCTaBHH o6jiiiqH Kojn, Kao h CBe apxiiTeKTOHCKe KOHCTpyKqiije, npo6iija jy npocTop h HarjiamaBajy npa3HHHy Koja hx OKpyacyje” (Larson 1989: 46).

THPAHHJA BEJIHHHHE - KYJ1E EJ1H3HAKHH.E KOfl flEJIHJlA 213

npiiBaTHHX mhcjih Ha pa'ir.rTc.THHnaMa h 6HJi6opflHMa” (165). A ho h hm Ha oiHKa cnyacH TOMe ga noflpn je HJiy3Hjy ayroHOMHje jiHHHe nepueimiije, ga floßeae y nH Taae koh fschr[moh an h o noH M aae hh thm hocth k o fhh thbhhx HHHOBa jc p ce ohh, noMofiy a.e, noKa3yjy Kao HeuiTo HafljiHHHo h 6e3JiHHHo. CßeT m cßecT cy, /raicnc, Kao 6nH3aHaHKe Kyne y h c p a 3 y m h b o m /injajTory.

T h m c m TO c e K ao < |)0K ajiH 3aT0pH K y n a j a B J t a j y '/K c h c k h j i h k o b h

HMiuiHLiHpa c e a n x o ß a npi-rna/iH O C T MyuiKOM o / i h o c h o p o /iH a 06eneaceH0CT rpal)C B H H a m CHCTCxia - y o b o m KOHTeKCTy naTpnjapxajiHor m „ (}) a jt o n c h t p h ii h o r ” -

K o jn j e Eoflpnjap Ha3Bao flyononoM, HCTHHytiH flOMHHaHHjy GuHapHC n o r m c e m

6nHapHor puTMa y n o ct i-r h /i y c t p Hj c r< o m KannTann3My, ycnexa ocTBapeHor pa3fleo6oM BJiacTH Ha c k b h b a_rr c ht h c Fsapi-rjaHTc: Kyne c y apxHTeKTOHCKHpenpe3eHTaHT apyiiiTBa K o je C T p y K T y p n p a jy C T p aT cn -rjc MOflena m 3am chhbocth , yMecTO C T p aT cn -rja ko h r<y p c h nhjc HH^ycTpi-rjcKor /ip y n iT B a ( B o d r i j a r 1991: 83-84). y t o m CMHCJiy E o /ip t- r ja p c B a KOHUcnm-rja MOHonona Kao ayonona K o p ccrro H /ii-rp a ca c j ih k o m a y a n H o r h j i h f lB o jH o r rpaga Kojy je Kao t h ü h h h o n o c T H H fly c T p n jc K y h

nocT(J)opflH C TH H K y K O H C T p y n cao M a H y e n K a c T e n c , flOKa3yjyfiH H e g a c e r p a g

rpa/u-r Kpo3 ono3HHHjy m cyKo6e flßajy coHHjajiHHX CBeTOBa, Bell fla je pe3yjrraT M H o ro 6 po jH H X flH X O TO M nja, CTpyK TypH H X fly a jiH 3 aM a k o j h c e p e n p o a y K y j y Ha pa3H H M HHBOHMa y p 6 a H o r (Castells 1992: 226), a k o j m c y y rp a /ic ia -r npocTop rrpcBC/iCHC k o h c c k b c h h c eK 0 H0 MCK0 r p e c T p y K T y p n p a a a 3 a c H 0 B a H 0 r H a

H H T e rp a ijH j h h o b h x HHcjiopManiTOHHX m t c jt e k o m y h h k a n h o h h x TexHononija (Castells 1992: 12-13). Pa3yMeßaae apxHTeKTOHCKor, ecTeTCKor m y p 6 a h h c tmhkor Kpo3 eKOHOMCKe M O flen e , Kao n a p a ^ H r M e apyrax, HeeKOHOMCKHx npoiteca h

C T py K T y p a , K o je o ß aK B e aH an H 3 e H M iu iH H H p ajy , k o / i f l e n n n a c e H a jja c H H je m o>kc

yoHHTH y poMaHy Mipcmu koj n, Kao m noMeHyTO norjiaßjte in IIog3eMjba, n p i- rn a /ia

ceaaMfleceTHM. Kpo3 j i h k ricMH rrp iiK a jaHi-r cy .TO'/KHBJtaj m hckvctbo 6 o p a B J t e a a m paga y CTTJ, rrpi-r hcmv je cbh/ichtho /ia ce 6nH3aHaHKe Kyne H3Hyrpa rrpiiKa jyjy y KOHTeKCTy 3 H aLiajH C T paH ccfjopM aru-rjc K a n n T a n n 3 M a , K o ja ce o g cpc/iH H C

ceflaMflecerax K p n c T a n n c a j ia y o h o uito ce o6hhho HaiHBa n o ct c j) o p /i t-r ct i-r h k i-r m eKOHOMCKHM MOfleJIOM. flpyrHM pCHHM a, K3KBH Cy nCHXOJIOUIKH, /ipyiH TB CH H M HfleonouiKH cc])ckth H a r n o r pa3Boja HK TexHonornja m anxoße CBeonuiTe npHMeHe, eKcnaH3nje n flHßep3H(J)HKaLiHje y c n y a c H H x flenaTHocra h cße yace cneitHjajiH3aL[Hje y mhothm ckohomckhm rpaHaMa jecy nHTaaa Ha Koja cbojum cyaÖHHaMa o.Troßapajy cynpyacHHiiH - urpaHi-r - in oßora poMaHa, og Kojnx jegaH, ricMH, pa.Ti-r y C b b t c k o m TproBHHCKOM ncHTpy, h to y 6ii3apHoj (JtnpMH nog H33HBOM CaBCTHHiiiTBO 3a npeBJiaflaßaae (MCHarjMCHT) acanocTH, a apyrn, Jlajn, Ha 6ep3H.

ricMHHa iicKycTBa y bc u-t c KynaMa gajy ce Kpo3 rpa.Tannjy HenaroflHocra - TenecHe m MeHTanHe. Tyacßa m mhouitbo JiH(J)TOBa pa3JiHHHTe HaMeHe HMajy KJiaycTpo(J)o6HHHe etJieKTe; aeH floacHBJLeHH roßop npeHocn aeH e TenecHe ceH3aiiHje. PeneHHiie, ay re h Tanacaße, „Konpiiajy ce” y cKyneHOM TeKCTyajiHOM npocTopy, Kao n aeH e mhcjih, Kao h OHa caMa: „npeKO nyTa Bpo.TBcja, HeKOJiHKO 6n0K0Ba ceßepHHje [y o.thocv Ha Jlajna], neMH je cTajana y He6ecKOM xony (the

214 Biiojieuia B. CuiojMenoeuh

8s k y l o b b y ) jy a c H e K y jie C B eT C K or T p ro B iiH C K o r ncHTpa, 6 o p c l î iî c e c a ro M u n o M

ko]a j y j e oflB JiaH H Jia o g e K c n p e c H o r jm c jm i 3a c n n a a c e i t e ” ( D e L i l l o 1989: 14). Phtîim h (j)OHHHKa c T p y K T y p a p c n c H i-ru c T p e 6 a a a n p e H e c y HHTaona y i-b ch v

c m y a u u j y , uito c e flOflaTHO n o m p T a B a noHaBJtaiieM <Jipa3a h cuHTarMH h

B a p H p a i te M ucTor u c K a 3 a :

„M opana je ga ce OB^e, y He6ecKOM xony, 6opu ca nay3a-3a-pyHaK pyjtoM , m culje go npBor cnpaTa, m npelje y ceBepHy Kyny, m ce eiccnpecHHM jih(J)tom nonH e go ohoï gpyïoï He6ecKor xona Ha ceaaMfleceT ocmom c n p a T y , a a ce H 3 6 o p u c a j o u i ro M H Jia , na a a OH^a noK ajiH H M jih(J)tom oge go ocaMfleceT Tpefter, ao k Ta6ne Bu6pupajy” (n o /iB V K ao J \. J \ . ) (D eL illo 1989: 14).9

Xunep6oJiucaH u (J>parMeHTapu30BaH onuc iteHux p a /u tu Tpe6a a a ojana npeflCTaBy o IleMH Kao acpTBH CBaKO/iHCBHi-rx, to to b o puTyajiHux hjih puTyajiH30BaHux (JipycTpauuja u CTpeeoBa, y Koje cnaga u i-bCHa cTanHa CTpen&a ofl MorylîHOCTH 3arnaBJLHBaiia Jiu<|)Ta y KojeM ce h air a'm (23). MeHTanHa fle3opujeHTauuja /iobo/ih go T ora a a OHa noBpeMeHO npoMaïuyje Kyne - yMecTO y OHy y Kojoj paflu, OHa y ia ui y apyry.

Hnai<, n aao ty npe CBera npuBJiaHH h>ch ocelîaj HecyuiTacTBeHOCTH u np0Jia3H0CTH Kyna 6jiH3HaKuita, Koju ce noTCHm-rpa ynpKoc üuxoBoj 4)H3HHKoj Heu3MepH0CTu u M a c u B H o c T u . „IleMH Kyne H u c y H3rneflajie T p a jH e . O c T a ja n e c e

3aMucjiu, HuuiTa Marte HenocTojaHe [...] Hero pyraHCKo cBeTJiocHo H3o6jiHHeite” (19) - napaflOKC ccfiCMcpHOCTi-r MOHyMeurajiHor y ochobh j e bcIîhhc cnuKa Kojuma ce y M ï p m i m a n p c H o c u flo a c H B J ta j npocTopa Koju nocToju jou i caMO Kao npona3aH u H e H a c T a itH B , Kao jio6h, jih(J)t, y n u u e , 6apoBH u pecTopaHH, kpobobh, MOTen. CTU, onuHaBa KJtyHHH acneKaT Tor H0B0r ra n a npocTopa, kojihko h hobh bhæ nocnoBHe KynType - npocTop Koju ce HenpecTaHO npeKpojaBa, nmoBa napuenum e u nperpaljyje.10 O e y rpafycBHHy j e HCMorylîe f lo a c u B e r a Kao HFspcT o6jeKaT y

8 y m rra a y je apxiiTeKTOHCKH eneMeHaT KapaKTepiicTimaH 3a aMepiraKe CToenpaTHHqe - MeljycnpaT Koji-i cnyaci-i npenacKy ii3 eKcnpecHiix jiii(j>TOBa y OHe Koji-i CTajy Ha CBaKOM cnpaTy.

9 IleMHHa niKOJicKa flpyrapiiqa, Kojy oflMax noTOM cpeñe, ysaiBa, HanpoTHB, y KapaKTepiíCTHKaMa Tor MecTa i-i y 3axTeBHMa Koje oho HaMeñe. HcTy p a f la y OHa oniicyje KpaTKHM, ejiiínTHHHHM peqeHiiqaMa, Koje, HacnpaM ,JIeMHHHx” , flyn ix i-i KOH(j>y3HHX, TajiacacTiix, npeHoce nocTMOflepHHCTHHKO, pa^ocHO ysciiBibaBaae y eKCTa3y pií30MaTHHH0r, HcqenKaHor, flHCKOHTHHyiipaHor aaiBOTa KaicaB caBJialjHBaae npocTopa CBeTCKor TproBaHKor q e m p a HMnjiHqiipa: ,,3ap He bojiiilu obo MecTO? Tpe6ano 6i-i fla Bimiim KaKO MopaM fla HfleM flo Ka(j>eTepHje. JeflaH jioKajiHH i-i jeflaH eKcnpecHH Ham-iace. OHfla eKcnpecHH HaBiime. OHfla noKpeTHO CTeneminiTe aKO yonnrre Moacern fla CTiirHem flo a e r a a fla Te He pacT pray Ha KOMafle” (DeLillo 1989: 14).

10 Peq je o T3B. „aKTHBHOM KaHqejiapiijcKOM CHCTeMy” XepMaHa Mi-uiepa i-i K opiiniñeay naHoa 3a CTBapaae npiíBpeMeHiíx KaHqejiapiija „KoqKiiqa”, mTO je , ycTaHOBibeHO Kao npaKca KpajeM 60-h x , OMorytiHJio i-i npoqBaT „npeKpojiiBHx” nocjioBHiix q e m a p a y AMepiiqn 70-h x . .HeTaibHHje o flH3ajHy ^ hshhkhx nocjioBHiix npocTopa y: M oran 2011: 70- 76, a o aeroB oj

THPAHHJA BEJIMHMHE - KYJ1E BJ1H3HAKHH.E KOfl flEJIHJlA 215

npocTopy; OHa nocTaje HemTO Hco/ipc/it-mo, HemTO nonyT xonorpaMa. OHTOJiouiKy HCHiBCCHOCT Koja npara Kyne noTnpTaea ccpnja peTopiiHKiix miTaita Koja ce vmcIîc y i-bch pa3roBop ca KoneroM, npnjaTC-rbCM 11 6y/iylïo\i acpTBOM i-bCHor occlîaja j^jManocTH 11 3aMopa:

„Ako c y Jiw])TOBH y C b ë tc k o m TproB iiH C K O M n c H T p y M e cT a , K ao u i t o j e

OHa B e p o B a n a g a j e c y , 11 a x o c y x o j i o b h n p o c T o p i i , y u i t o j e , T a ico lje ,

B e p o B a n a , u iT a j e o h ,T a caM C b c t c k h T proB iiH C K ii n c H T a p ? J \a j i h j e C T a& e,

îÔHBai-bc, (J)H3HHKH f lo r a l j a j , n o c T o je l îa o k o j i h o c t , n p u c y c T B O , n p iu u iK a ,

C K yn H e n p o M e H JL H B u x ? ” ( 4 8 ) .

Hcoôhhho pa îJTHKOBai-bc JiH(J)Ta h xona Kao MecTa (3aTBopeHor, noR peraor h Manor) h npocTopa (orpoMHor, OTBopeHor, npo'/K/iHpylîcr, h encra u ito je „Herapu nyTa flHeBHO hhhh naTyjtKOM, CBe ciiîiyinHiijoM u ciiîiyuiHiijoM” [24]) yKa3yje KaKO Ha CTpax og OTBopeHor, 03 „TupaHCKe bc^uhi-thc” - HHaHC TaKO 6 h th c 3a aMcpi-THKO ca\ropa >,y\rcbah,c Kpo3 HapaTi-mc o ocBaja&y orpoMHHX, îacTpatiiyjylîi'TX npoeTpaHeTaBa - anii u og cycpeTa u /lo/n-rpa, kojihko h Ha KOHncnnujy j-r/icHTiiTCTa Koju ce (JiopMiipa Kpo3 ono3uuujy TpaH3HTHHX npocTopa. Ta flOMHHauuja TpaHiUTHor npu3HBa u KOHuenuujy HeMecTa (non-lieux) MapKa 0>Kca. Obhm TcpMHHOM oh omaHaBa npeBJiacT k o m y h h k a n h o h h x h TpaHiUTHi-rx npocTopa y caBpeMeHOM CBeTy, y go6a „Ha^MOflepHOCTii” . To He 3HaHii caMO xunepTpo(J)Hjy npocTopHiix h apxHTCKTOHCKHx fjjopMH Kpo3 Koje ce npona3H Ha nyTy go Henera h ohhx Kojii cy HaMe&eHii KOMyHiiKauiijii y HajuiiipeM CMHCJiy (og npoflaBHHue /io T3B. uiomiHr MOJia h o/i Kacjmlîa, CTa/ii-rcma, neTOBajuiurra go orpoMHHX îaôaBHHX ii TypiicTHHKiix MyjmiMefliijajiHiix h xii6piiflHiix aTpaKuuja, ofl CTaHiiua h HeKaoHuua go caBpeMeHiix xaj-TeK ayTO-nyTeBa) Beît h TeHfleHuiijy ibyflH y caBpeMeHOM CBeTy a a ce npeMa cbhm MecTiiMa o^Hoce Kao ga cy OHa HeMecTa, TaHHiije, ga npeTBapajy MecTa y HeMecTa, y npocTope Kojii Hiicy KOHCTHTyTHBHH acneKTIl ÜHXOBOr HfleHTHTeTa, ca KojllMa ohh Hiicy y 6hthom h

AyroTpajHOM oflHocy, Kojii HeMajy HCTopiijy hjih je üuxoBa HCTopiija c n c k t a kvjt a p i-r >, o b a h a, ii36piicaHa 113 aKTHBHor rr avili ch. a h ymicaHa y apaHacupaH h cneuujanHO flii3ajHiipaH rrpi-nop, Kao aTpaKuiija (Oze 2005a: 75-105; Oze 2005b: 124). Je/iHHa iicTopiija Kojy OBaj poMaH npeflCTaBJta - h to ynpaBO Kao rrpi-nop, yMpTBJLeH noHaBJLaiteM 6e3 HKaKBor c())CKTa - jecTe HCTopiija pa/iH i-rrnTB a,

iicmicaHa h caaceTa Ha TpaHcnapeHTy Kojii hoch hobck Kora Jlajn Biilja Ha hctom y rny KaKO HeMO h HcnoMHHHO npoTecTyje 113 /iaHa y gaH ocaMHaecT ro/iHHa, KaKO ca3HajeMO (152-153). nopo/im a 0 Kojoj ce pa/n-r y M ïp m im a TaKolje je 6e3 ucTopuje - 0 JlajnoBoj npouuiocTii He ca3HajeMO Hiiurra, 0 IleMiiHoj - caMO to ga joj je OTan npefl CMpT 6110 /icmchtîih, Ha uiTa je iteHa k o m nyn >, h b h a peaKuiija 6iiJia,

o p r a H i B a q i i j i i 11 C T p y K T y p i i c o 6 3 i ip o M H a p a 3 B o j e n e ie rp o H C K i- ix K O M y H H K a q ii ja h M p e a c a h c

o 6 3 i ip o M H a n o c T ^ o p f lH C T H H K e M O f le n e y n p a B J t a a a n p 0 H 3 B 0 flH > 0 M h n o c n o B a a e M K p o 3

p e o p r a H H 3 a q i i j y n o c j i o B H i i x n p o c T o p a h j i o K a q i i j a , i i i t o / ] ,e j iH J io H e n p o n y n i T a f l a n p i iK a a c e

K a o j e f l a H o f l 6 i i t h h x 4 > a K T o p a p e K O H q e n T y a j iH 3 a q i i j e h p e K O H C T p y K q i ije n p o c T o p a h

B p e M e H a , y : Castells 1992.

216 Biiojieuia B. CuiojMenoeuh

Kao h y cnynajy /ipyrux Hcpa ipctiinBi-rx iichxojioiiikhx c ra a a , ¡CFsai-bc, a o anxoBoj 'iajc.THUHKoj npouinocTH - caMO to /ia cy Hcr<a/ia HManH acejty 3a H3JiaaceaeM m /ipyaceaeM Koja je to to b o noTnyHO HecTana. To o/icycTFso npoinnocTH (anil m 6yayllHOCTH, Kao xopii30HTa M oryher11) 11 3ajeflHiiHKe o/ihocho niiHHe HCTopiije, y3 /ipyrc npi-rrroBC/iaHKC nocTynKe, niiKOBHMa rrpi-r/iajc kap a k t c p t-r c t i-r h h y nnoniHOCT m nenyjaBOCT, Koje ce Mory pa jyviCTH Kao npcm/BO/i hobhx acneKaTa m cc))CKaTa npocTopa y kojhma yrnaBHOM 6opaße. flpyn-TM pcHHMa, h /ic h th tc t 6iißa jaxßalicH Mel)yco6HO i-rcnpcccnaHUM, hcbhjijlhbhm nyra&aMa HHcjiopMani-rja Koje yMpoKaBajy npocTope, CTBapn, no/iaTKC m Jhy/ic Hi-rja ce Tena, opraHii, Hyna VKJtyHyjy y Te BpTornaBe CTpyje, pacunajy, KaKO to noKa3yje JlajnoBO n0/i03peae Aa cy nennen ca 6ep3e y CTBapn a e ro ß e mhcjih, KO/inpaHi-r ca/ip'/Kaji-r a e ro ß e cßecTH (22). Chy/i MajiaKcanocT, MJiiiTaBOCT, noeycTajiocT (aiie/inja, KaKO ce y TeonouiKOM KOHTeKCTy to ayxoBHO CTaae o manaBa) Hi-rcy caMO kapak tc p h ct mh h a CTaaa JiiiKOBa Bell 11 caM pi-rraM npunoBCCTi-r, m Ha hhbov KOMno u-rnuje m Ha hhbov CHHTaKce, npcHocn ce occfiaj c m a/r a k c a b aj y fl e r , anaTHHHor T anacaaa - „BanoBa BpeMeHa 11 npocTopa” (48, 84) koj hm a jihkobh He Mory fl a ce o/iyrrpy. fla jih Kao peajiH30BaHa MCTacjiopa ItyjopKa Kao KOTJia 3a npeT anaae, koj m o/i CBera u ito ce y a e r a cniiBa CTBapa xoMoreHy, yacapeHy CMecy, hjih Kao HaroBeuiTaj yp6aHor naKJia ycpe/i Kora ce Kyne Hi,ti-t'/KV Kao Kyne flamx'OBor f lu ca , TeK nocne/ian n p iu o p npBor nornaBiba poMaHa, KojiiM Hac flen n n o y fso/i t-r y ncnxonouiKO m er3HCTeHiiHjajiHO CTaae 6p aLiHor napa, kapak t c p t-r c t i-rke IleMHHor CMoru-roHa/THor acHBOTa, aeH y KOH(J)y3Hjy 11 /ie30piijeHTiicaH0CT, a caMiiM thm h aeHO KacHiije HeHaMepHO, HeMapHO yH iiurreae npi-rjaTC/ta, noße3yje ca c b a r< 0 /i h e b h um 6opaBKOM y KynaMa m mc/tahx0 jtmhh mm norne/iOM Ha CBeT koji-t BpTornaB norne/i ca bhchhc npoBom-rpa, yMecTO OHCKiiFsaHor TpnjyMtJiajiHor occfiaja Mohn m bc/ti-thi-thc: ,,H >, KaHiienapnje )KajiocTH rne/iana 6h npeKO zienoHiije, Hacuna, iana/iHi-rx KpajeBa aHOHHMHHX yjirnia. Har< m ca OBe bhchhc Morna je /ia /leTeKTyje '/KCCThhv 3anape, enopy iaMyliyjyliy ciiny. Ilo/iH3ajia ce Kpo3 Ba3/iyx, /lyrne aoiBiix” (24).

Mel)yco6HO k0 mn jtemehtaphn /loaoiBJLajii m pcaKni-rjc fleJiHJioBiix JiiiKOBa Ha i-nr/nc/i Kyna 6jiH3HaKiiaa noKa3yjy /ia je aeroßo HiiTaae apxhtekt0 hckmx KapaKTepiicTHKa OBe rpal^cBUHC, aeHe cuMCTpi-rje, /iBOCTpyKOCTi-r 11 ancTpaKTHe BenHHHHe pa/in BeJiHHHHe, CHMnTOMaTCKO, Te /ia oh y aeHoj nojaBH npeno3Haje

11 nocjie /jaa e n i B O / j a ca n e M H OBy n p i iK a B y je y n p c m y s c e H O M MaraoBeay H 3 M e I jy o/yeKa p e n i- i

,,npojia3Hii” h j i h „HaMepHiiqii” ( t r a n s i e n t s - HaTniic Ha/i HeKHM K O H a q i in iT e M ) h n o i i M a a a

3HaqeH>a T e penii, 3aTeqeHy M H C T e p i'io 3 H iiM /jejcTBOM (J)o p M e 113 K o je je 3HaqeH>e iiniHiuiejio (207). y n i i T a a y je HCTa neKceMa Kojy, y aeHOM npii/jeBCKOM 3HaqeH>y, ITeM i-i noBe3yje ca KynaMa (132). nocjie/jaa enii30fla ca JlajnoM, Koju je t o k o m poMaHa no/jnerao „raaMypy peBOJiyquoHapHor HaciiJta” h „TajHoj H e a a b H Kojy o h o H3a3HBa h y HajnoKopHiijeM flyxy” (8), noMeHyTHM noBOflOM (jttuiMa o TepopiicTi-mKOM Hana/jy Koji-i j i h k o b h y nponory rne/jajy - 3aTHHeMO y 6ery, y MOTencKoj c o 6 i- i y Kojoj ce o/jBiija MeTaHapaTHBHa TpaHC(J)opMaqHja - poMaH nocTaje ( J )h jim , a cqeHa ce pacnjiiiaaBa y CBeTJiocTH Koja npennaBibyje co6y: „npocTopi-i h CBe o h o mTO je y ai-ma Biime hi-i 3a n r r a He o/jroBapajy, He 3Haqe, He cnyace Kao npiiMep h He penpe3eHTyjy” (212).

TIIPAHIIJA BEJIHHHHE - KYJIE EJIII3HAKIIH.E KOfl flEJIIIJIA 217

m ćiT c p n j a jt h i a r [ n j y ic ty H H i-rx i i o j i h t i i h k i i x , c k o h o m c k h x h K y r n y p H i ix n p o M e H a K o je

c y c e o f lB H ja n e n a p a j ie n H O c a i-bchom i-Hrpa/ii-bOM m n . i i x o B o r c())CKTa H a f lo a c iiB J ta j

c o n c T B a h n p o c T o p c o n c T B a 11 H a K a p a K T e p u c T iiK e H H fliiB iif ly a jiH o r iif leH T iiT e T a .

J I o r i iK a 3 a T B o p e H o r 6 n H a p H o r cu cT C M a, C T pyK T ypH e .THXOTOMnjc m c a \ro y ,T B a ja i-b a

K o jy y CB eTy i te ro B H X g e n a OBe K y n e , n p e C B e ra , p e n p e 3 e H T y jy , a jiH m n c p n c T v u p a j v , H3 i-bctobc c e nep cn cK T U B C n o K a 3 y je K ao J io rH K a cavH C CH H tiiTBa

(jjH HaHCHjCKor K a n H T a n a m T e x H o n o u iK o r T e p o p a y o 6 c3 B p cl)H B ai-b y m o ^ 6 a n H B a i-b y

JLyflCK e M e p e n p o c T o p a m , ,n p n 3 C M H o r” /KUBOTa, j i o n iK a K o ja y n p o c T o p v h o c h

n p c T c f iy .THMCH i n jy , H i-rn d in r a h c h a c t a i - b h b h m , a y CBaKO.THCBHH '/K h b o t 3 Ji0 K 0 6 H a

n p e f l o c e h a i t a h cp efliiO B eK O B H e C T p ax o B e .

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Dečje novine.Bodrijar, Zan. 1995. Iluzija kraja ili Štrajk događaja. (D. Ilić, Prev.). Beograd: Rad. Castells, Manuel. 1992. The Informational City: Economic Restructuring and

UrbanDevelopment. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.DeLillo, Don. 1989. Players. New York: Vintage.DeLillo, Don. 1992. Mao II. New York ... et al.: Pinguin.DeLillo, Don. 2001, December. “In the Ruins of the Future: Reflections on Terror

and Loss in the Shadow of September.”/ larper’s, pp. 33-40.DeLilo, Don. 2007. Podzemlje. (Z. Paunović, Prev.) Beograd: Geopoetika.Fredrick, Jameson. 2003. Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic o f Late

Capitalism (10thed.) Duke University Press.Fuko, Mišel. 2012. „Staje autor?“. Polja, 57 (473): 100-112.Hughes, Robert. 1990, March 12. “Zen And Perceptual Hiccups”. Time Magazin. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/0,9263,7601900312,00.html (10.6.2013)Junod, Tom. 2009, September 8. “The Falling Man . Esquire. http://www.esquire.com/features/ESQ0903-SEP FALLINGMAN (25.6.2013) Larson, Kay. 1989, August 7. “Second that Emotion . New York Magazin: 46-47. http://books.google.rs/books?id=fOgCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA46&source=gbs toe r

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(23.6.2013)

THPAHHJA BEJIHHHHE - KYJIE BJ1H3HAKHH.E KOfl flEJlHJIA 219

Violeta Stojmenovic

“TYRANNIC GRANDEUR” - TWIN TOWERS IN DELILLO

Summary

The purpose of this paper is to analyze how, from whose point of view and in what contexts DeLillo used to represent Twin Towers in his novels preceding the terroristic destruction of these buildings and his subsequent response to that event, the novel Falling Man. As the worldwide known emblems of New York and post-industrial, post-Fordist capitalism, the image of Twin Towers is used in Players, Mao I I and Underworld, both as a place of action and as a representation of critically approached themes of serial mass production, hegemony of closed systems based on binary logic and strategy of reduplication, triumph of megalomania and defacing of urban architectural diversity.

hi Players, placed in the late seventies, the appearance of WTC (transient, despite of the massiveness of the buildings) and the sense of being therein are connected with the images of flow, currents and waves in the context of the loss of certainty, permanence and the sense of history in everyday life, hi Mao II, seen from the loft of a character’s apartment - in reality, but, also, in the picture Skyscreper III (R. Moskowitz) - WTC is an example of the processes of commodification/co-modification of space and place respectively. They provoke rage, nostalgia and necessity of reaction against the imperialistic arrogance in changing and subjugating both the cityscape and the citizens. In Underworld, the period of the WTC construction is evoked through the eyes of a sentient female artist on the roof,corresponding with André Kertész’s view on the buildings transposed in the photography used as the cover image for American editions of this novel.

hi highlighting DeLillo’s representation of Twin Towers three theoretical frames are used: Baudrillard’s notion of monopoly as duopoly, Castells’ image of dual city and Auge’s anthropological view on placelessness, defined as non-places.

Key words'. World Trade Centre (Twin Towers), duopoly, dual city, non-place.

220

n p u t o r:

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Cji. 1 ÄH/ipc KcpTcc, IbyjopK, 1972.