These Truths: A History of the United States Concise Chapter ...

TheseTruths:AHistoryoftheUnitedStates

ConciseChapterGuideforAPUSHistory

UsingtheChapterGuideTheseTruthschapter

APCourseFrameworklearningobjec9vesforthisperiod

APchronologicalperiod

ClickheretoaccessthefullAPCourseFrameworkonline

APCourseFrameworktopicaloutlineforthisperiod

TopicsinyellowarecoveredinthischapterofTheseTruths

EachAPlearningobjec9vecoverskeyconceptsnotusuallylistedinthisguidebutavailableintheAPCourseFrameworkonline

https://apstudents.collegeboard.org/sites/default/files/2019-05/ap-us-history-course-and-exam-description.pdf

MEMORIZEEVERYDETAIL

RememberYourGoals•  Getabig-picturesenseofthewayspoli9calequality,naturalrights,andthesovereigntyofthepeoplehavebeencontestedoverthecourseofAmericanhistory

•  Selecthistoricalexamplestouseasevidenceinansweringtheessayprompt

TRYTOACHIEVETHELEARNINGOBJECTIVESbecause this is

what we’ll be doing

all year

FocusontheGuidingQuesNonDoestheevidenceinTheseTruthssupporttheclaim

advancedintheDeclara9onofIndependence?

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are createdequal[poliNcalequality],thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,Libertyandthepursuit of Happiness [natural rights].--That to secure these rights,Governments are ins9tuted among Men, deriving their just powersfrom the consent of the governed,--That whenever any Form ofGovernmentbecomesdestruc9veoftheseends, it istheRightofthePeopletoalterortoabolishit...[thesovereigntyofthepeople]

Ordoesitcontradictthatclaim?

HaveAmericanstreatedtheseideasasself-evidenttruthsorhavetheynot?

PARTI:THEIDEA(1492−1799)

Chapter1:TheNatureofthePast

Chapter2:TheRulersandtheRuled

Chapter3:OfWarsandRevolu9ons

Chapter4:TheCons9tu9onofaNa9on

Chapter5:ADemocracyofNumbers *

*ThischaptercoversmaterialfromthisAPperiodbutappearsinthenextsec9onofthebook.

Chapter1:TheNatureofthePast

WhatwasthecontextforEuropeanencountersintheAmericasfrom1491to1607?

Whatwerethecausesofexplora9onandconquestoftheNewWorldbyvariousEuropeanna9ons?

WhatwerethecausesoftheColumbianExchangeanditseffectonEuropeandtheAmericasduringtheperiodaaer1492?HowandwhydidEuropeanandNa9veAmericanperspec9vesofothersdevelopandchangeinthisperiod?

Whatweretheeffectsofthedevelopmentoftransatlan9cvoyagesfrom1491to1607?

Asna9vepopula9onsmigratedandsebledacrossthevastexpanseofNorthAmericaover9me,theydevelopeddis9nctandincreasinglycomplexsocie9esbyadap9ngtoandtransformingtheirdiverseenvironments.

Differentna9vesocie9esadaptedtoandtransformedtheirenvironmentsthroughinnova9onsinagriculture,resourceuse,andsocialstructure.

ContactamongEuropeans,Na9veAmericans,andAfricansresultedintheColumbianExchangeandsignificantsocial,cultural,andpoli9calchangesonbothsidesoftheAtlan9cOcean.

EuropeanexpansionintotheWesternHemispheregeneratedintensesocial,religious,poli9cal,andeconomiccompe99onandchangeswithinEuropeansocie9es.

TheColumbianExchangeanddevelopmentoftheSpanishEmpireintheWesternHemisphereresultedinextensivedemographic,economic,andsocialchanges.

Intheirinterac9ons,EuropeansandNa9veAmericansasserteddivergentworldviewsregardingissuessuchasreligion,genderroles,landuse,andpower.

APPeriod1KeyConceptsReview

Chapter2:TheRulersandtheRuled

Whatwasthecontextforthecoloniza9onofNorthAmericafrom1607-1754?

HowandwhydidthevariousEuropeancoloniesdevelopandexpandfrom1607-1754?

HowandwhydidenvironmentalandotherfactorsshapethedevelopmentandexpansionofvariousBri9shcoloniesthatdevelopedandexpandedfrom1607to1754?

Whatwerethecausesandeffectsoftransatlan9ctradeover9me?

WhatwerethecausesandeffectsofslaveryinthevariousBri9shcolonialregions?

Howdidenslavedpeoplerespondtoslavery?HowandwhydidthemovementofavarietyofpeopleandideasacrosstheAtlan9ccontributetothedevelopmentofAmericancultureover9me?

HowandwhydidthedifferentgoalsandinterestsofEuropeanleadersandcolonistsaffectedhowtheyviewedthemselvesandtheirrela9onshipwithGreatBritain?

ComparetheeffectsofthedevelopmentofcolonialsocietyinthevariousregionsofNorthAmerica.

Europeansdevelopedavarietyofcoloniza9onandmigra9onpaberns,influencedbydifferentimperialgoals,cultures,andthevariedNorthAmericanenvironmentswheretheysebled,andtheycompetedwitheachotherandAmericanIndiansforresources.

Spanish,French,Dutch,andBri9shcolonizershaddifferenteconomicandimperialgoalsinvolvinglandandlaborthatshapedthesocialandpoli9caldevelopmentoftheircoloniesaswellastheirrela9onshipswithna9vepopula9ons.

Inthe17thcentury,earlyBri9shcoloniesdevelopedalongtheAtlan9ccoast,withregionaldifferencesthatreflectedvariousenvironmental,economic,cultural,anddemographicfactors.

Compe99onoverresourcesbetweenEuropeanrivalsandAmericanIndiansencouragedindustryandtradeandledtoconflictintheAmericas.

TheBri9shcoloniespar9cipatedinpoli9cal,social,cultural,andeconomicexchangeswithGreatBritainthatencouragedbothstrongerbondswithBritainandresistancetoBritain’scontrol.

Transatlan9ccommercial,religious,philosophical,andpoli9calexchangesledresidentsoftheBri9shcoloniestoevolveintheirpoli9calandculturalaitudesastheybecameincreasingly9edtoBritainandoneanother.

LikeotherEuropeanempiresintheAmericasthatpar9cipatedintheAtlan9cslavetrade,theEnglishcoloniesdevelopedasystemofslaverythatreflectedthespecificeconomic,demographic,andgeographiccharacteris9csofthosecolonies.


Chapter3:OfWarsandRevolu9ons

WhatwasthecontextinwhichAmericagainedindependenceanddevelopedasenseofna9onaliden9ty?

Bri9shabemptstoassertgreatercontroloverthecoloniesandintensifyingcolonialcommitmenttoself-governanceledtoindependencemovement.

Therequirementsoffigh9ngthewar(integra9onoftroopsfrommanyregions,replacementofroyalcolonialgovernmentswithnewcons9tu9onalgovernments,representa9vena9onallegisla9vebodiestocoordinatefundingandresourcesacrosscolonies,etc)inspiredexperimentswithnewformsofgovernment.

WhatwerethecausesandeffectsoftheSevenYears’(FrenchandIndian)War?Expandingcoloniesandmigra9ngcoloniststhreatenedFrenchtradenetworksandAmericanIndiansovereignty,pushingthemtowardconfronta9ontoprotecttheirinterests.

Withitsvictory,BritainexpandeditsterritoryandeliminatedarivalinNorthAmerica,butthecostoffigh9ngthewarandadministeringthenewterritoryledthemtoseekgreatercontroloverandrevenuefromthecolonies,whichcreateddiscontentamongthecolonists.

HowdidBri9shcolonialpoliciesregardingNorthAmericaleadtotherevolu9onarywar?

HowandwhydidcolonialaitudesaboutgovernmentandtheindividualchangeintheyearsleadinguptotheAmericanRevolu9on?HowdidvariousfactorscontributetotheAmericanvictoryintheRevolu9on?

HowdidtheAmericanRevolu9onaffectsociety?

WhatwastheglobalimpactoftheAmericanRevolu9on.

HowdiddifferentformsofgovernmentdevelopandchangasaresultoftheRevolu9onaryPeriod?HowdidtheAmericanindependencemovementaffect?societyfrom1754to1800(orinthiscase1783)?

Chapter4:TheCons9tu9onofaNa9on

Whatwerethedifferingideologicalposi9onsonthestructureandfunc9onofthefederalgovernment?

Whatwerethecon9nui9esandchangesinthestructureandfunc9onsofthegovernmentwiththera9fica9onoftheCons9tu9on?

Howandwhydidcompe99onintensifyconflictsamongpeoplesandna9onsfrom1754to1800?Howandwhydidpoli9calideas,ins9tu9onsandpartysystemsdevelopandchangeinthenewrepublic?

Whatwerethecon9nui9esandchangesinAmericanculturefrom1754to1800?

Whatwerethecon9nui9esandchangesinregionalaitudesaboutslaveryasitexpandedfrom1754to1800?HowdidtheAmericanindependencemovementaffectedsocietyfrom1754to1800(orinthischapter1783)?

Chapter5:ADemocracyofNumbers

Whatwerethedifferingideologicalposi9onsonthestructureandfunc9onofthefederalgovernment?

Delegatesfromthestatespar9cipatedintheCons9tu9onalConven9onandthroughnego9a9on,collabora9on,andcompromiseproposedacons9tu9on.

TheCons9tu9onalConven9oncompromisedovertherepresenta9onofslavestatesinCongress[andtheElectoralCollege]andtheroleofthefederalgovernmentinregula9ngbothslaveryandtheslavetrade,allowingtheprohibi9onoftheinterna9onalslavetradeaaer1808.

Howandwhydidpoli9calideas,ins9tu9onsandpartysystemsdevelopandchangeinthenewrepublic?

Duringthepresiden9aladministra9onsofGeorgeWashingtonandJohnAdams,poli9calleaderscreatedins9tu9onsandprecedentsthatputtheprinciplesoftheCons9tu9onintoprac9ce.

Poli9calleadersinthe1790stookavarietyofposi9onsonissuessuchastherela9onshipbetweenthena9onalgovernmentandthestates,economicpolicy,foreignpolicy,andthebalancebetweenlibertyandorder.Thisledtotheforma9onofpoli9calpar9es—mostsignificantlytheFederalists,ledbyAlexanderHamilton,andtheDemocra9c-Republican[orRepublican]Party,ledbyThomasJeffersonandJamesMadison.

Whatwerethecon9nui9esandchangesinregionalaitudesaboutslaveryasitexpandedfrom1754to1800?

TheexpansionofslaveryinthedeepSouthandadjacentwesternlandsandrisingan9slaverysen9mentbegantocreatedis9nc9veregionalaitudestowardslavery.

MoreonChapter5:ADemocracyofNumbersinPartII

Bri9shabemptstoassert9ghtercontroloveritsNorthAmericancoloniesandthecolonialresolvetopursueself-governmentledtoacolonialindependencemovementandtheRevolu9onaryWar.

Thecompe99onamongtheBri9sh,French,andAmericanIndiansforeconomicandpoli9caladvantageinNorthAmericaculminatedintheSevenYears’War(theFrenchandIndianWar),inwhichBritaindefeatedFranceandalliedAmericanIndians.

Thedesireofmanycoloniststoassertidealsofself-governmentinthefaceofrenewedBri9shimperialeffortsledtoacolonialindependencemovementandwarwithBritain.

TheAmericanRevolu9on’sdemocra9candrepublicanidealsinspirednewexperimentswithdifferentformsofgovernment.

Theidealsthatinspiredtherevolu9onarycausereflectednewbeliefsaboutpoli9cs,religion,andsocietythathadbeendevelopingoverthecourseofthe18thcentury.

Aaerdeclaringindependence,Americanpoli9calleaderscreatednewcons9tu9onsanddeclara9onsofrightsthatar9culatedtheroleofthestateandfederalgovernmentswhileprotec9ngindividualliber9esandlimi9ngbothcentralizedpowerandexcessivepopularinfluence.

Newformsofna9onalcultureandpoli9calins9tu9onsdevelopedintheUnitedStatesalongsidecon9nuedregionalvaria9onsanddifferencesovereconomic,poli9cal,social,andforeignpolicyissues.

Migra9onwithinNorthAmericaandcompe99onoverresources,boundaries,andtradeintensifiedconflictsamongpeoplesandna9ons.

InthedecadesaaerAmericanindependence,interac9onsamongdifferentgroupsresultedincompe99onforresources,shiaingalliances,andculturalblending.

Thecon9nuedpresenceofEuropeanpowersinNorthAmericachallengedtheUnitedStatestofindwaystosafeguarditsborders,maintainneutraltradingrights,andpromoteitseconomicinterests.


PARTII:THEPEOPLE(1800−1865)


Chapter6:TheSoulandtheMachine

Chapter7:OfShipsandShipwrecks

Chapter8:TheFaceofBable

Chapter9:OfCi9zens,Persons,andPeople *



*ThischaptercoversmaterialfromthisAPperiodbutappearsinthenextsec9onofthebook.

Chapter5:ADemocracyofNumbers(con9nued)

Whatwasthecontextinwhichtherepublicdevelopedfrom1800to1848(or,inthischapter,1828)?

Whatwerethecausesandeffectsofpolicydebatesintheearlyrepublic?

Howdiddifferentregionalinterestsaffectdebatesabouttheroleofthefederalgovernmentintheearlyrepublic?

HowandwhydidAmericanforeignpolicydevelopandexpandover9me?Whatwerethecausesandeffectsoftheexpansionofpar9cipatorydemocracyfrom1800to1848(or,inthischapter,1828)?

Whatwerethecausesandeffectsofcon9nuingpolicydebatesabouttheroleofthefederalgovernmentfrom1800to1848(or,inthischapter,1828)?

Howandwhydidanewna9onalculturedevelopedfrom1800to1848(or,inthischapter,1828)?

Towhatextentdidpoli9cs,economics,andforeignpolicypromotethedevelopmentofAmericaniden9tyfrom1800to1848(or,inthischapter,1828)?

Chapter6:TheSoulandtheMachine

HowandwhydidAmericanforeignpolicydevelopandexpandover9me?TheU.S.GovernmentsoughtinfluenceandcontrolovertheWesternHemispherethroughavarietyofmeans,includingmilitaryac9ons,AmericanIndianremoval,anddiploma9ceffortssuchastheMonroeDoctrine

Whatwerethecausesandeffectsoftheinnova9onsintechnology,agriculture,andcommerceover9me?

Howandwhydidinnova9onintechnology,agriculture,andcommerceaffectvarioussegmentsofAmericansocietyover9me?

Whatwerethecausesandeffectsofcon9nuingpolicydebatesabouttheroleofthefederalgovernmentfrom1800to1848?Howandwhydidanewna9onalculturedevelopfrom1800to1848?

WhatwerethecausesoftheSecondGreatAwakening?

Howandwhydidvariousreformmovementsdevelopandexpandfrom1800to1848?

Whatwerethecon9nui9esandchangesintheexperienceofAfricanAmericansfrom1800to1848?

HowdidgeographicandenvironmentalfactorsshapethedevelopmentoftheSouthfrom1800to1848?

Towhatextentdidpoli9cs,economics,andforeignpolicypromotethedevelopmentofAmericaniden9tyfrom1800to1848?


Howandwhydidvariousreformmovementsdevelopandexpandfrom1800to1848?

An9slaverymovementsincreasedintheNorth.

Awomen’srightsmovementsoughttocreategreaterequalityandopportuni9esforwomen,expressingitsidealsattheSenecaFallsConven9on.

MoreonChapter7:OfShipsandShipwrecksinPeriod5


TheUnitedStatesbegantodevelopamoderndemocracyandcelebratedanewna9onalculture,whileAmericanssoughttodefinethena9on’sdemocra9cidealsandchangetheirsocietyandins9tu9onstomatchthem.

Thena9on’stransi9ontoamorepar9cipatorydemocracywasachievedbyexpandingsuffragefromasystembasedonpropertyownershiptoonebasedonvo9ngbyalladultwhitemen,anditwasaccompaniedbythegrowthofpoli9calpar9es.

WhileAmericansembracedanewna9onalculture,variousgroupsdevelopeddis9nc9veculturesoftheirown.

IncreasingnumbersofAmericans,manyinspiredbynewreligiousandintellectualmovements,workedprimarilyoutsideofgovernmentins9tu9onstoadvancetheirideals.

Innova9onsintechnology,agriculture,andcommercepowerfullyacceleratedtheAmericaneconomy,precipita9ngprofoundchangestoU.S.societyandtona9onalandregionaliden99es.

Newtransporta9onsystemsandtechnologiesdrama9callyexpandedmanufacturingandagriculturalproduc9on.

Thechangescausedbythemarketrevolu9onhadsignificanteffectsonU.S.society,workers’lives,andgenderandfamilyrela9ons.

Economicdevelopmentshapedseblementandtradepaberns,helpingtounifythena9onwhilealsoencouragingthegrowthofdifferentregions.

TheU.S.interestinincreasingforeigntradeandexpandingitsna9onalbordersshapedthena9on’sforeignpolicyandspurredgovernmentandprivateini9a9ves.

Strugglingtocreateanindependentglobalpresence,theUnitedStatessoughttoclaimterritorythroughouttheNorthAmericancon9nentandpromoteforeigntrade.

TheUnitedStates’acquisi9onoflandsintheWestgaverisetocontestsovertheextensionofslaveryintonewterritories.


Whatwasthecontextinwhichsec9onalconflictemergedfrom1844to1877(or,inthischapter,1860)?

Whatwerethecausesandeffectsofwestwardexpansionfrom1844to1877(or,inthischapter,1860)?

WhatwerethecausesandeffectsoftheMexican-AmericanWar?

Whatwerethesimilari9esanddifferencesinhowregionalaitudesaffectedfederalpolicyintheperiodaaertheMexican-AmericanWar?

Whatweretheeffectsofimmigra9onfromvariouspartsoftheworldonAmericanculturefrom1844to1877(or,inthischapter,1860)?

HowdidregionaldifferencesrelatedtoslaverycausetensionintheyearsleadinguptotheCivilWar?Whatwerethepoli9calcausesoftheCivilWar?

Chapter8:TheFaceofBable

Whatwerethepoli9calcausesoftheCivilWar?Thecourtsandna9onalleadersmadeavarietyofabemptstoresolvetheissueofslaveryintheterritories,includingtheKansas–NebraskaAct,andtheDredScobdecision,buttheseul9matelyfailedtoreduceconflict.

TheSecondPartySystemendedwhentheissuesofslaveryandan9-immigrantna9vismweakenedloyal9estothetwomajorpar9esandfosteredtheemergenceofsec9onalpar9es,mostnotablytheRepublicanPartyintheNorth.

WhatweretheeffectsofLincoln’selec9on?AbrahamLincoln’svictoryontheRepublicans’free-soilplarorminthepresiden9alelec9onof1860wasaccomplishedwithoutanySouthernelectoralvoice.Aaeraseriesofcontesteddebatessecession,mostslavestatesvotedtosecedefromtheUnion,precipita9ngtheCivilWar.

WhatwerethevariousfactorsthatcontributedtotheUnionvictoryintheCivilWar?(notcoveredbyLepore)

HowdidLincoln’sleadershipduringtheCivilWarimpactAmericanidealsoverthecourseofthewar?

LincolnandmostUnionsupportersbegantheCivilWartopreservetheUnion,butLincoln’sdecisiontoissuetheEmancipa9onProclama9onreframedthepurposeofthewarandhelpedpreventtheConfederacyfromgainingfulldiploma9csupportfromEuropeanpowers.ManyAfricanAmericansfledsouthernplanta9onsandenlistedintheUnionArmy,helpingtounderminetheConfederacy.

LincolnsoughttoreunifythecountryandusedspeechessuchastheGebysburgAddresstoportraythestruggleagainstslaveryasthefulfillmentofAmerica’sfoundingdemocra9cideals.

Chapter9:OfCi9zens,Persons,andPeople

WhatweretheeffectsofgovernmentpolicyduringReconstruc9ononsocietyfrom1865to1877?

Reconstruc9onalteredrela9onshipsbetweenthestatesandthefederalgovernmentandledtodebatesovernewdefini9onsofci9zenship,par9cularlyregardingtherightsofAfricanAmericans,women,andotherminori9es.

The13thAmendmentabolishedslavery,whilethe14thand15thamendmentsgrantedAfricanAmericansci9zenship,equalprotec9onunderthelaws,andvo9ngrights.

Thewomen’srightsmovementwasbothemboldenedanddividedoverthe14thand15thamendmentstotheCons9tu9on.

EffortsbyradicalandmoderateRepublicanstochangethebalanceofpowerbetweenCongressandthepresidencyandtoreorderracerela9onsinthedefeatedSouthyieldedsomeshort-termsuccesses.Reconstruc9onopeneduppoli9calopportuni9esandotherleadershiprolestoformerslaves,butitul9matelyfailed,duebothtodeterminedSouthernresistanceandtheNorth’swaningresolve.

HowandwhydidReconstruc9onresultincon9nuityandchangeinregionalandna9onalunderstandingsofwhatitmeanttobeanAmerican?

Southernplanta9onownerscon9nuedtoownthemajorityoftheregion’slandevenaaerReconstruc9on.Formerslavessoughtlandownershipbutgenerallyfellshortofself-sufficiency,asanexploita9veandsoil-intensivesharecroppingsystemlimitedblacks’andpoorwhites’accesstolandintheSouth.

Segrega9on,violence,SupremeCourtdecisions,andlocalpoli9caltac9csprogressivelystrippedawayAfricanAmericanrights,butthe14thand15thamendmentseventuallybecamethebasisforcourtdecisionsupholdingcivilrightsinthe20thcentury.

MoreonChapter9:OfCi9zens,Persons,andPeopleinPartIII

TheUnitedStatesbecamemoreconnectedwiththeworld,pursuedanexpansionistforeignpolicyintheWesternHemisphere,andemergedasthedes9na9onformanymigrantsfromothercountries.

PopularenthusiasmforU.S.expansion,bolsteredbyeconomicandsecurityinterests,resultedintheacquisi9onofnewterritories,substan9almigra9onwestward,andnewoverseasini9a9ves.

Inthe1840sand1850s,Americanscon9nuedtodebateques9onsaboutrightsandci9zenshipforvariousgroupsofU.S.inhabitants.

Intensifiedbyexpansionanddeepeningregionaldivisions,debatesoverslaveryandothereconomic,cultural,andpoli9calissuesledthena9onintocivilwar.

IdeologicalandeconomicdifferencesoverslaveryproducedanarrayofdivergingresponsesfromAmericansintheNorthandtheSouth.

Debatesoverslaverycametodominatepoli9caldiscussioninthe1850s,culmina9nginthebiberelec9onof1860andthesecessionofSouthernstates.

TheUnionvictoryintheCivilWarandthecontestedreconstruc9onoftheSouthsebledtheissuesofslaveryandsecession,butleaunresolvedmanyques9onsaboutthepowerofthefederalgovernmentandci9zenshiprights.

TheNorth’sgreatermanpowerandindustrialresources,theleadershipofAbrahamLincolnandothers,andthedecisiontoemancipateslaveseventuallyledtotheUnionmilitaryvictoryovertheConfederacyinthedevasta9ngCivilWar.

Reconstruc9onandtheCivilWarendedslavery,alteredrela9onshipsbetweenthestatesandthefederalgovernment,andledtodebatesovernewdefini9onsofci9zenship,par9cularlyregardingtherightsofAfricanAmericans,women,andotherminori9es.


PARTIII:THESTATE(1866−1945)


Chapter10:EfficiencyandtheMasses

Chapter12:TheBrutalityofModernity


Chapter11:ACons9tu9onoftheAir


WhatwerethecausesandeffectsoftheseblementoftheWestfrom1877to1898?

Howdidvariousfactorscontributetocon9nuityandchangeinthe“NewSouth”from1877to1898?

WhatweretheeffectsoftechnologicaladvancesinthedevelopmentoftheUnitedStatesover9me?Whatwerethesocioeconomiccon9nui9esandchangesassociatedwiththegrowthofindustrialcapitalismfrom1865to1898?

Howdidculturalandeconomicfactorsaffectmigra9onpabernsover9me?

Whatwerethevariousresponsestoimmigra9onintheperiodover9me?

Whatwerethecausesofincreasedeconomicopportunityanditseffectsonsociety?

HowdiddifferentreformmovementsrespondtotheriseofindustrialcapitalismintheGildedAge?

Whatwerethecon9nui9esandchangesintheroleofthegovernmentintheU.S.economy?Whatwerethesimilari9esanddifferencesbetweenthepoli9calpar9esduringtheGildedAge?


WhatweretheeffectsoftechnologicaladvancesinthedevelopmentoftheUnitedStatesover9me?

Whatwerethesocioeconomiccon9nui9esandchangesassociatedwiththegrowthofindustrialcapitalismfrom1865to1898?

Howdidculturalandeconomicfactorsaffectmigra9onpabernsover9me?

Whatwerethevariousresponsestoimmigra9onintheperiodover9me?Whatwerethecausesofincreasedeconomicopportunityanditseffectsonsociety?

HowdiddifferentreformmovementsrespondtotheriseofindustrialcapitalismintheGildedAge?

Whatwerethecon9nui9esandchangesintheroleofthegovernmentintheU.S.economy?

Whatwerethesimilari9esanddifferencesbetweenthepoli9calpar9esduringtheGildedAge?

Technologicaladvances,large-scaleproduc9onmethods,andtheopeningofnewmarketsencouragedtheriseofindustrialcapitalismintheUnitedStates.

Large-scaleindustrialproduc9on—accompaniedbymassivetechnologicalchange,expandinginterna9onalcommunica9onnetworks,andpro-growthgovernmentpolicies—generatedrapideconomicdevelopmentandbusinessconsolida9on.

Avarietyofperspec9vesontheeconomyandlabordevelopedduringa9meoffinancialpanicsanddownturns.

Newsystemsofproduc9onandtransporta9onenabledconsolida9onwithinagriculture,which,alongwithperiodsofinstability,spurredavarietyofresponsesfromfarmers.

Themigra9onsthataccompaniedindustrializa9ontransformedbothurbanandruralareasoftheUnitedStatesandcauseddrama9csocialandculturalchange.

Interna9onalandinternalmigra9onincreasedurbanpopula9onsandfosteredthegrowthofanewurbanculture.

LargernumbersofmigrantsmovedtotheWestinsearchoflandandeconomicopportunity,frequentlyprovokingcompe99onandviolentconflict.

TheGildedAgeproducednewculturalandintellectualmovements,publicreformefforts,andpoli9caldebatesovereconomicandsocialpolicies.

NewculturalandintellectualmovementsbothbubressedandchallengedthesocialorderoftheGildedAge.

Drama9csocialchangesintheperiodinspiredpoli9caldebatesoverci9zenship,corrup9on,andtheproperrela9onshipbetweenbusinessandgovernment.



Whatwerethesimilari9esanddifferencesinaitudesaboutthena9on’sproperroleintheworld?

Imperialistscitedeconomicopportuni9es,racialtheories,compe99onwithEuropeanempires,andthepercep9oninthe1890sthatthewesternfron9erwas“closed”toarguethatAmericansweredes9nedtoexpandtheircultureandins9tu9onstopeoplesaroundtheglobe.An9-imperialistscitedprinciplesofself-determina9onandinvokedbothracialtheoriesandtheU.S.foreignpolicytradi9onofisola9onismtoarguethattheUnitedStatesshouldnotextenditsterritoryoverseas.

WhatweretheeffectsoftheSpanish-AmericanWar?

HowdidthegoalsoftheProgressivereformmovementcomparetoitseffects?

Howwouldyoucomparethedifferingaitudestowardtheuseofnaturalresourcesfrom1890to1945?

WhatwerethecausesandconsequencesofU.S.involvementinWorldWarI?

Whatwerethecausesandeffectsofinterna9onalandinternalmigra9onpabernsover9me(bothinrela9ontotheWorldWarIhomefrontandintheculturalchangesofthe1920s)?Whatwerethecausesandeffectsoftheinnova9onsincommunica9onandtechnologyintheUnitedStatesover9me?

WhatwerethecausesandeffectsofdevelopmentsinpopularcultureintheUnitedStatesover9me?

Chapter11:ACons9tu9onoftheAir

Whatwerethecausesandeffectsoftheinnova9onsincommunica9onandtechnologyintheUnitedStatesover9me?

Whatwerethecausesandeffectsofinterna9onalandinternalmigra9onpabernsover9me?

WhatwerethecausesandeffectsofdevelopmentsinpopularcultureintheUnitedStatesover9me?WhatwerethecausesoftheGreatDepressionanditseffectsontheeconomy?

HowdidtheGreatDepressionandNewDealimpactAmericanpoli9cal,socialandeconomiclifeover9me?


IntheyearsfollowingWorldWarI,theUnitedStatespursuedaunilateralforeignpolicythatusedinterna9onalinvestment,peacetrea9es,andselectmilitaryinterven9ontopromoteavisionofinterna9onalorder,evenwhilemaintainingU.S.isola9onism.

Inthe1930s,whilemanyAmericanswereconcernedabouttheriseoffascismandtotalitarianism,mostopposedtakingmilitaryac9onagainsttheaggressionofNaziGermanyandJapanun9ltheJapaneseabackonPearlHarbordrewtheUnitedStatesintoWorldWarII.

Chapter12:TheBrutalityofModernity


IntheyearsfollowingWorldWarI,theUnitedStatespursuedaunilateralforeignpolicythatusedinterna9onalinvestment,peacetrea9es,andselectmilitaryinterven9ontopromoteavisionofinterna9onalorder,evenwhilemaintainingU.S.isola9onism.

Inthe1930s,whilemanyAmericanswereconcernedabouttheriseoffascismandtotalitarianism,mostopposedtakingmilitaryac9onagainsttheaggressionofNaziGermanyandJapanun9ltheJapaneseabackonPearlHarbordrewtheUnitedStatesintoWorldWarII.

HowandwhydidU.S.par9cipa9oninWorldWarIItransformAmericansociety?

WhatwerethecausesandeffectsofthevictoryoftheUnitedStatesanditsalliesovertheAxispowers?WhatweretheconsequencesofU.S.involvementinWorldWarII?

Growthexpandedopportunity,whileeconomicinstabilityledtoneweffortstoreformU.S.societyanditseconomicsystem.

TheUnitedStatescon9nueditstransi9onfromarural,agriculturaleconomytoanurban,industrialeconomyledbylargecompanies.

IntheProgressiveEraoftheearly20thcentury,Progressivesrespondedtopoli9calcorrup9on,economicinstability,andsocialconcernsbycallingforgreatergovernmentac9onandotherpoli9calandsocialmeasures.

Duringthe1930s,policymakersrespondedtothemassunemploymentandsocialupheavalsoftheGreatDepressionbytransformingtheU.S.intoalimitedwelfarestate,redefiningthegoalsandideasofmodernAmericanliberalism.

Innova9onsincommunica9onsandtechnologycontributedtothegrowthofmassculture,whilesignificantchangesoccurredininternalandinterna9onalmigra9onpaberns.

PopularculturegrewininfluenceinU.S.society,evenasdebatesincreasedovertheeffectsofcultureonpublicvalues,morals,andAmericanna9onaliden9ty.

Economicpressures,globalevents,andpoli9caldevelopmentscausedsharpvaria9onsinthenumbers,sources,andexperiencesofbothinterna9onalandinternalmigrants.

Par9cipa9oninaseriesofglobalconflictspropelledtheUnitedStatesintoaposi9onofinterna9onalpowerwhilerenewingdomes9cdebatesoverthena9on’sproperroleintheworld.

Inthelate19thcenturyandearly20thcentury,newU.S.territorialambi9onsandacquisi9onsintheWesternHemisphereandthePacificaccompaniedheightenedpublicdebatesoverAmerica’sroleintheworld.

WorldWarIanditsaaermathintensifiedongoingdebatesaboutthena9on’sroleintheworldandhowbesttoachievena9onalsecurityandpursueAmericaninterests.

U.S.par9cipa9oninWorldWarIItransformedAmericansociety,whilethevictoryoftheUnitedStatesanditsalliesovertheAxispowersvaultedtheU.S.intoaposi9onofglobal,poli9cal,andmilitaryleadership.


PARTIV:THEMACHINE(1946−2016)

Chapter13:AWorldofKnowledge

Chapter14:RightsandWrongs

Chapter15:BableLines

Chapter16:America,Disrupted


Chapter13:AWorldofKnowledgeWhatwerethecon9nui9esandchangesinColdWarpoliciesfrom1945to1980(or,inthischapter,1957)?

UnitedStatespolicymakersengagedinacoldwarwiththeauthoritarianSovietUnion,seekingtolimitthegrowthofCommunistmilitarypowerandideologicalinfluence,createafree-marketglobaleconomy,andbuildaninterna9onalsecuritysystem.Aspostwartensionsdissolvedthewar9mealliancebetweenWesterndemocraciesandtheSovietUnion,theUnitedStatesdevelopedaforeignpolicybasedoncollec9vesecurity,interna9onalaid,andeconomicins9tu9onsthatbolsterednon-Communistna9ons.ConcernedbyexpansionistCommunistideologyandSovietrepression,theUnitedStatessoughttocontaincommunismthroughavarietyofmeasures,includingmajormilitaryengagementsinKorea.TheColdWarfluctuatedbetweenperiodsofdirectandindirectmilitaryconfronta9onandperiodsofmutualcoexistence(ordétente).

WhatwerethecausesandeffectsoftheRedScareaaerWorldWarII?

WhatwerethecausesofeconomicgrowthintheyearsaaerWorldWarII?

Whatwerethecausesandeffectsofthemigra9onofvariousgroupsofAmericansaaer1945?

Ashighereduca9onopportuni9esandnewtechnologiesrapidlyexpanded,increasingsocialmobilityencouragedthemigra9onofthemiddleclasstothesuburbsandofmanyAmericanstotheSouthandWest.TheSunBeltregionemergedasasignificantpoli9calandeconomicforce.

Howhasmassculturebeenmaintainedorchallengedover9me?

MoreonChapter13:AWorldofKnowledgeonnextslide

Chapter13:AWorldofKnowledge(con9nuedfrompreviousslide)

Howandwhydidthecivilrightsmovementdevelopandexpandfrom1945to1960(or,inthischapter,1957)?

SeekingtofulfillReconstruc9on-erapromises,civilrightsac9vistsandpoli9calleadersachievedsomelegalandpoli9calsuccessesinendingsegrega9on,althoughprogresstowardracialequalitywasslow.Thethreebranchesofthefederalgovernmentusedmeasuresincludingdesegrega9onofthearmedservicesandBrownv.BoardofEduca4on(1954)topromotegreaterracialequality.

Whatwerethevariousmilitaryanddiploma9cresponsestointerna9onaldevelopmentsover9me?

ColdWarcompe99onextendedtoLa9nAmerica,wheretheUnitedStatessupportednon-Communistregimesthathadvaryinglevelsofcommitmenttodemocracy.Americansdebatedthemeritsofalargenucleararsenalandthemilitary–industrialcomplex.Postwardecoloniza9onandtheemergenceofpowerfulna9onalistmovementsinAfricaandtheMiddleEastledbothsidesintheColdWartoseekalliesamongnewna9ons,manyofwhichremainednonaligned.

Whatweretheeffectsofthegrowthofreligiousmovementsoverthecourseofthe20thcentury(or,inthischapter,between1945and1957)?

Therapidandsubstan9algrowthofevangelicalChris9anchurchesandorganiza9onswasaccompaniedbygreaterpoli9calandsocialac9vismonthepartofreligiousconserva9ves.

Chapter14:RightsandWrongsHowhasmassculturebeenmaintainedorchallengedover9me?Whatwerethevariousmilitaryanddiploma9cresponsestointerna9onaldevelopmentsover9me?

ColdWarcompe99onextendedtoLa9nAmerica,wheretheUnitedStatessupportednon-Communistregimesthathadvaryinglevelsofcommitmenttodemocracy.Americansdebatedthemeritsofalargenucleararsenalandthemilitary–industrialcomplex.Postwardecoloniza9onandtheemergenceofpowerfulna9onalistmovementsinAfricaandtheMiddleEastledbothsidesintheColdWartoseekalliesamongnewna9ons,manyofwhichremainednonaligned.

WhatwerethecausesandeffectsoftheVietnamWar?

Whatwerethethecausesandeffectsofcon9nuingpolicydebatesabouttheroleofthefederalgovernmentover9me?

DespiteanoverallaffluenceinpostwarAmerica,advocatesraisedconcernsabouttheprevalenceandpersistenceofpovertyasana9onalproblem.Liberalism,basedonan9-communismabroadandafirmbeliefintheefficacyofgovernmentpowertoachievesocialgoalsathome,reachedahighpointofpoli9calinfluencebythemid-1960s.LiberalideasfoundexpressioninLyndonJohnson’sGreatSociety,whichabemptedtousefederallegisla9onandprogramstoendracialdiscrimina9on,eliminatepoverty,andaddressothersocialissues.

Howandwhydidvariousgroupsrespondtocallsfortheexpansionofcivilrightsfrom1960to1980(or,inthischapter,1974)?

Ashighereduca9onopportuni9esandnewtechnologiesrapidlyexpanded,increasingsocialmobilityencouragedthemigra9onofthemiddleclasstothesuburbsandofmanyAmericanstotheSouthandWest.TheSunBeltregionemergedasasignificantpoli9calandeconomicforce.

Howdidthefederalgovernmentrespondtothecallsfortheexpansionofcivilrights?

MoreonChapter14:RightsandWrongsonnextslide

Chapter14:RightsandWrongs(con9nuedfrompreviousslide)

Howandwhydidvariousgroupsrespondtocallsfortheexpansionofcivilrightsfrom1960to1980(or,inthischapter,from1958to1974)?

La9no,AmericanIndian,andAsianAmericanmovementscon9nuedtodemandsocialandeconomicequalityandaredressofpastinjus9ces.Feministandgayandlesbianac9vistsmobilizedbehindclaimsforlegal,economic,andsocialequality.Feministswhopar9cipatedinthecountercultureofthe1960srejectedmanyofthesocial,economic,andpoli9calvaluesoftheirparents’genera9onandadvocatedchangesinsexualnorms.

Howandwhydidopposi9ontoexis9ngpoliciesandvaluesdevelopandchangeoverthecourseofthe20thcentury(or,inthischapter,from1958to1974)?

Althoughan9-communistforeignpolicyfacedlibledomes9copposi9oninpreviousyears,theVietnamWarinspiredsizableandpassionatean9-warproteststhatbecamemorenumerousasthewarescalatedandsome9mesledtoviolence.Somegroupsontheleaalsorejectedliberalpolicies,arguingthatpoli9calleadersdidtoolibletotransformtheracialandeconomicstatusquoathomeandpursuedimmoralpoliciesabroad.Youngpeoplewhopar9cipatedinthecountercultureofthe1960srejectedmanyofthesocial,economic,andpoli9calvaluesoftheirparents’genera9on,introducedgreaterinformalityintoU.S.culture,andadvocatedchangesinsexualnorms.

Whatwerethecausesandeffectsofcon9nuingpolicydebatesabouttheroleofthefederalgovernmentover9me(or,inthischapter,1958to1974)?

Inthe1960s,conserva9veschallengedliberallawsandcourtdecisionsandperceivedmoralandculturaldecline,seekingtolimittheroleofthefederalgovernmentandenactmoreasser9veforeignpolicies.Publicconfidenceandtrustingovernment’sabilitytosolvesocialandeconomicproblemsdeclinedinthe1970sinthewakeofeconomicchallenges,poli9calscandals,andforeignpolicycrises.The1970ssawgrowingclashesbetweenconserva9vesandliberalsoversocialandculturalissues,thepowerofthefederalgovernment,race,andmovementsforgreaterindividualrights.


Whatwerethecon9nui9esandchangesinimmigra9onpabernsover9me(or,inthischapter,1960to2000)?

Immigrantsfromaroundtheworldsoughtaccesstothepoli9cal,social,andeconomicopportuni9esintheUnitedStates,especiallyaaerthepassageofnewimmigra9onlawsin1965.

Howandwhydidvariousgroupsrespondtocallsfortheexpansionofcivilrightsfrom1960to1980(or,inthischapter,1974)?

La9no,AmericanIndian,andAsianAmericanmovementscon9nuedtodemandsocialandeconomicequalityandaredressofpastinjus9ces.Feministandgayandlesbianac9vistsmobilizedbehindclaimsforlegal,economic,andsocialequality.Feministswhopar9cipatedinthecountercultureofthe1960srejectedmanyofthesocial,economic,andpoli9calvaluesoftheirparents’genera9onandadvocatedchangesinsexualnorms.

Howandwhydidopposi9ontoexis9ngpoliciesandvaluesdevelopandchangeoverthecourseofthe20thcentury(or,inthischapter,1957to1974)?

Althoughan9-communistforeignpolicyfacedlibledomes9copposi9oninpreviousyears,theVietnamWarinspiredsizableandpassionatean9-warproteststhatbecamemorenumerousasthewarescalatedandsome9mesledtoviolence.Somegroupsontheleaalsorejectedliberalpolicies,arguingthatpoli9calleadersdidtoolibletotransformtheracialandeconomicstatusquoathomeandpursuedimmoralpoliciesabroad.Youngpeoplewhopar9cipatedinthecountercultureofthe1960srejectedmanyofthesocial,economic,andpoli9calvaluesoftheirparents’genera9on,introducedgreaterinformalityintoU.S.culture,andadvocatedchangesinsexualnorms.

MoreonChapter15:BableLinesonnextslide

Chapter15:BableLines(con9nuedfrompreviousslide)

Howandwhydidpoliciesrelatedtotheenvironmentdevelopandchangefrom1968to1980?

Ideological,military,andeconomicconcernsshapedU.S.involvementintheMiddleEast,withseveraloilcrisesintheregioneventuallysparkingabemptsatcrea9ngana9onalenergypolicy.Environmentalproblemsandaccidentsledtoagrowingenvironmentalmovementthataimedtouselegisla9veandpubliceffortstocombatpollu9onandprotectnaturalresources.Thefederalgovernmentestablishednewenvironmentalprogramsandregula9ons.

Whatwerethecausesandeffectsofcon9nuingpolicydebatesabouttheroleofthefederalgovernmentover9me(or,inthischapter,between1974and2000)?

Publicconfidenceandtrustingovernment’sabilitytosolvesocialandeconomicproblemsdeclinedinthe1970sinthewakeofeconomicchallenges,poli9calscandals,andforeignpolicycrises.The1970ssawgrowingclashesbetweenconserva9vesandliberalsoversocialandculturalissues,thepowerofthefederalgovernment,race,andmovementsforgreaterindividualrights.

Whatweretheeffectsofthegrowthofreligiousmovementsoverthecourseofthe20thcentury(or,inthischapter,between1957and2000)?

Therapidandsubstan9algrowthofevangelicalChris9anchurchesandorganiza9onswasaccompaniedbygreaterpoli9calandsocialac9vismonthepartofreligiousconserva9ves.

MoreonChapter15:BableLinesinPeriod9

TheUnitedStatesrespondedtoanuncertainandunstablepostwarworldbyasser9ngandworkingtomaintainaposi9onofgloballeadership,withfar-reachingdomes9candinterna9onalconsequences.

UnitedStatespolicymakersengagedinacoldwarwiththeauthoritarianSovietUnion,seekingtolimitthegrowthofCommunistmilitarypowerandideologicalinfluence,createafree-marketglobaleconomy,andbuildaninterna9onalsecuritysystem.

ColdWarpoliciesledtopublicdebatesoverthepowerofthefederalgovernmentandacceptablemeansforpursuinginterna9onalanddomes9cgoalswhileprotec9ngcivilliber9es.

Newmovementsforcivilrightsandliberaleffortstoexpandtheroleofgovernmentgeneratedarangeofpoli9calandculturalresponses.

SeekingtofulfillReconstruc9on-erapromises,civilrightsac9vistsandpoli9calleadersachievedsomelegalandpoli9calsuccessesinendingsegrega9on,althoughprogresstowardracialequalitywasslow.

Respondingtosocialcondi9onsandtheAfricanAmericancivilrightsmovement,avarietyofmovementsemergedthatfocusedonissuesofiden9ty,socialjus9ce,andtheenvironment.

Liberalisminfluencedpostwarpoli9csandcourtdecisions,butitcameunderincreasingabackfromtheleaaswellasfromaresurgentconserva9vemovement.

Postwareconomicanddemographicchangeshadfar-reachingconsequencesforAmericansociety,poli9cs,andculture.

RapideconomicandsocialchangesinAmericansocietyfosteredasenseofop9misminthepostwaryears.

Newdemographicandsocialdevelopments,alongwithanxie9esovertheColdWar,changedU.S.cultureandledtosignificantpoli9calandmoraldebatesthatsharplydividedthena9on.


Chapter15:BableLinesWhatwerethecausesandeffectsofcon9nuingpolicydebatesabouttheroleofthefederalgovernmentover9me(or,inthischapter,between1980and2000)?

RonaldReagan’svictoryinthepresiden9alelec9onof1980representedanimportantmilestone,allowingconserva9vestoenactsignificanttaxcutsandcon9nuethederegula9onofmanyindustries.Conserva9vesarguedthatliberalprogramswerecounterproduc9veinfigh9ngpovertyands9mula9ngeconomicgrowth.Someoftheireffortstoreducethesizeandscopeofgovernmentmetwithiner9aandliberalopposi9on,asmanyprogramsremainedpopularwithvoters.Policydebatescon9nuedoverfree-tradeagreements,thescopeofthegovernmentsocialsafetynet,andcallstoreformtheU.S.financialsystem.Conserva9vebeliefsregardingtheneedfortradi9onalsocialvaluesandareducedroleforgovernmentadvancedinU.S.poli9csaaer1980.Intensepoli9calandculturaldebatescon9nuedoverissuessuchasimmigra9onpolicy,diversity,genderroles,andfamilystructures.

WhatwerethecausesandeffectsoftheendoftheColdWaranditslegacy?

Whatwerethecausesandeffectsofeconomicandtechnologicalchangeover9me(or,inthischapter,between1980and2000)?

Economicproduc9vityincreasedasimprovementsindigitalcommunica9onsenabledincreasedAmericanpar9cipa9oninworldwideeconomicopportuni9es.Technologicalinnova9onsincompu9ng,digitalmobiletechnology,andtheinternettransformeddailylife,increasedaccesstoinforma9on,andledtonewsocialbehaviorsandnetworks.Employmentincreasedinservicesectorsanddecreasedinmanufacturing,andunionmembershipdeclined.Realwagesstagnatedfortheworkingandmiddleclassamidgrowingeconomicinequality.

Whatwerethecausesandeffectsofdomes9candinterna9onalmigra9onover9me(or,inthischapter,between1980and2000)?

Aaer1980,thepoli9cal,economic,andculturalinfluenceoftheAmericanSouthandWestcon9nuedtoincreaseaspopula9onshiaedtothoseareas.Interna9onalmigra9onfromLa9nAmericaandAsiaincreaseddrama9cally.ThenewimmigrantsaffectedU.S.cultureinmanywaysandsuppliedtheeconomywithanimportantlaborforce.

Whatwerethecausesandeffectsofcon9nuingpolicydebatesabouttheroleofthefederalgovernmentover9me(or,inthischapter,between2000andthepresent)?

RonaldReagan’svictoryinthepresiden9alelec9onof1980representedanimportantmilestone,allowingconserva9vestoenactsignificanttaxcutsandcon9nuethederegula9onofmanyindustries.Conserva9vesarguedthatliberalprogramswerecounterproduc9veinfigh9ngpovertyands9mula9ngeconomicgrowth.Someoftheireffortstoreducethesizeandscopeofgovernmentmetwithiner9aandliberalopposi9on,asmanyprogramsremainedpopularwithvoters.Policydebatescon9nuedoverfree-tradeagreements,thescopeofthegovernmentsocialsafetynet,andcallstoreformtheU.S.financialsystem.Conserva9vebeliefsregardingtheneedfortradi9onalsocialvaluesandareducedroleforgovernmentadvancedinU.S.poli9csaaer1980.Intensepoli9calandculturaldebatescon9nuedoverissuessuchasimmigra9onpolicy,diversity,genderroles,andfamilystructures.

Whatwerethecausesandeffectsofeconomicandtechnologicalchangeover9me(or,inthischapter,between2000andthepresent)?

Economicproduc9vityincreasedasimprovementsindigitalcommunica9onsenabledincreasedAmericanpar9cipa9oninworldwideeconomicopportuni9es.Technologicalinnova9onsincompu9ng,digitalmobiletechnology,andtheinternettransformeddailylife,increasedaccesstoinforma9on,andledtonewsocialbehaviorsandnetworks.Employmentincreasedinservicesectorsanddecreasedinmanufacturing,andunionmembershipdeclined.Realwagesstagnatedfortheworkingandmiddleclassamidgrowingeconomicinequality.

Whatwerethecausesandeffectsofthedomes9candinterna9onalchallengestheUnitedStatesfacedinthe21stcentury?

InthewakeofabacksontheWorldTradeCenterandthePentagonin2001,theUnitedStateslaunchedmilitaryeffortsagainstterrorismandlengthy,controversialconflictsinAfghanistanandIraq.ThewaronterrorismsoughttoimprovesecuritywithintheUnitedStatesbutalsoraisedques9onsabouttheprotec9onofcivilliber9esandhumanrights.ConflictsintheMiddleEastandconcernsaboutclimatechangeledtodebatesoverU.S.dependenceonfossilfuelsandtheimpactofeconomicconsump9onontheenvironment.Despiteeconomicandforeignpolicychallenges,theUnitedStatescon9nuedastheworld’sleadingsuperpowerinthe21stcentury.

Chapter16:America,Disrupted

Anewlyascendantconserva9vemovementachievedseveralpoli9calandpolicygoalsduringthe1980sandcon9nuedtostronglyinfluencepublicdiscourseinthefollowingdecades.

Conserva9vebeliefsregardingtheneedfortradi9onalsocialvaluesandareducedroleforgovernmentadvancedinU.S.poli9csaaer1980.

Movingintothe21stcentury,thena9onexperiencedsignificanttechnological,economic,anddemographicchanges.

Newdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyenhancedtheeconomyandtransformedsociety,whilemanufacturingdecreased.

TheU.S.popula9oncon9nuedtoundergodemographicshiasthathadsignificantculturalandpoli9calconsequences.

TheendoftheColdWarandnewchallengestoU.S.leadershipforcedthena9ontoredefineitsforeignpolicyandroleintheworld.

TheReaganadministra9onpromotedaninterven9onistforeignpolicythatcon9nuedinlateradministra9ons,evenaaertheendoftheColdWar.

FollowingtheabacksofSeptember11,2001,U.S.foreignpolicyeffortsfocusedonfigh9ngterrorismaroundtheworld.


These Truths: A History of the United States Concise Chapter ...

Documents

Transcript of These Truths: A History of the United States Concise Chapter ...