The Causes and Impacts of the Political Dynasties in the Political Sphere of the Philippines

Causes, Impacts of Political Dynasty

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The Causes and Impacts of the Political Dynasties in the Political Sphere of the Philippines

A Research Paper Presented toProfessor Edward Jay M. QuintoMapúa Institute of Technology

in partial fulfillmentof the requirements in

English for Academic Purposes 2(ENG11)

byRaymond M. RozarioReynan C. Rozul

John Weber G. RuizRonn Kevin U. SantosEddie Rae A. Vallejos


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December 2010

Acknowledgment

The researchers would like to give their gratitude to the

following that made this study possible:

First, they would like to express their deepest gratitude

to Professor Edward Jay Mansarte Quinto, who not only motivated

and taught them, but also gave them constructive criticisms for

this study to be better.

They would like to give gratitude to Professor Annabelle

Donato, their interviewee who gave a lot of key information

regarding this study.

The researchers would like to give thanks to their alma

mater, Mapúa Institute of Technology for giving quality


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education, and its library for giving the researcher valuable

information.

The researchers would also like to thank their parents who

have been very supportive to the researchers.

And most of all, they would like to express their deepest

gratitude to God, the one who gave them knowledge and wisdom to

pursue and create this study.

R. M. R.

R. C. R.

J. W. G. R.

R. K. U. S.

E. R. A. V.

Abstract

This research, entitled “The Causes and Impacts of Political

Dynasty in the Political Sphere of the Philippines;” which will

tackle the following issues: What is the political dynasty? Which

families have built political dynasty in the local government?

Even though unconstitutional, why do such dynasties exist? How

does it affect the local government? How does it affect


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independent candidates in running for a certain position? The

methods that have been used for this research are the descriptive

interview and descriptive library methods. This research was a

success since the all of the questions were studied and answered

thoroughly. The researchers have observed many flaws in the

government and laws must be implemented for these political

dynasties to be gone. For political dynasties to be reduced; the

members of these dynasties themselves must realize that what they

are doing might affect them in the future and will suffer because

of distrust of people to the government that may lead to

rebellion. Future studies related to this topic must tackle the

possible procedures for these political dynasties to slowly fade

out.

Outline

1. Introduction


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1.1. Political dynasty is a succession of people from the

same family who plays a role in politics.

1.2. Political dynasty exists in the Philippines because of

families that have an intense desire for power.

2. Body

2.1. Political Dynasties exist for various reasons.

2.1.1. They can gain money through graft and corruption.

2.1.2. The family gains influence which is beneficial in

the future.

2.1.3. The family intends to have a steady control of

political power.

2.2. Political dynasty has conquered different positions in

both the local and national governments.

2.2.1. The Violagos of Nueva Ecija, Arroyos of Pampanga,

and Yaps of Tarlac dominate their local

government.

2.2.2. The Aquinos, Arroyos, and Marcoses are some

families in the national government.


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2.3. Political dynasties exist even though they are

unconstitutional.

2.3.1. They exist because there is no proper definition

of political dynasties.

2.3.2. A law regarding the elimination of political

dynasties cannot be properly made.

2.4. Political dynasties affect Philippine politics

2.4.1. The capacity of independent candidates to garner

votes is significantly reduced.

2.4.2. Many politicians overlook the mistakes and

offenses of others because of family ties.

3. Conclusion


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Introduction

Background

Simbulan (2007) stated that political dynasty is a

succession of people from the same family who plays a role in

politics, and now one of the problems in the Philippine politics

that the government can't solve. It is because the people in the

position are those who are involved in these political dynasties.

These people want to stay in their position because they want

power for personal gain.

Almost all citizens know that political dynasties are

lurking in the government but still, they continue to support

them even though political dynasties are unconstitutional. They


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can't be blamed because those candidates who have political

dynasties use their influences and money to dominate and

manipulate the politics. Since this country doesn't distribute

good quality of life to its citizens, those who are in the

position are greedy and maybe scared because they don't want to

experience a difficult life.

As of 2007, different cities in the Philippines are being

ruled by about 250 political dynasties. They have the superiority

in the Philippine politics both national and local levels have

been there for at least three decades (Simbulan, 2007).

With the statement mentioned, the researchers came up to

this study since the level of political dynasty in the government

is alarming and the researchers should study this because it is

them and their fellow citizens who will suffer if this continues.

The study, as stated before, will focus on the different causes

and impacts towards the society and the government. They are

eager to get the results which they know would be helpful for the

citizens to be more aware to its side effects and also for the

other lawmakers to see the views of the other people.


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Statement of the Problem

This study aims to enumerate the different causes and

impacts of political dynasties in the political sphere of the

Philippines.

This research specifically aimed to answer the following

questions:

1. What is political dynasty?

2. Which families have built political dynasties in the

local government of the Philippines?

3. Even though unconstitutional, why do such dynasties

exist?

4. How does a political dynasty affect the local

government?

5. How does the political dynasty affect the independent

candidates in the election?

Significance of the Study


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The researchers aim to benefit the people associated with

the following groups:

The Present Students. They should be aware of why

political dynasties exist and what will happen if these dynasties

will continue to exist.

The General Public. They will attain knowledge and

awareness about political dynasties, which can be the basis of

the public's desire to change the trend regarding dynasties.

The Politicians of Our Country. Their awareness regarding

the effects of having these dynasties in our government will help

motivate them in the prevention of political dynasties.

Thesis Statement

With this in mind, political dynasties exist in the

Philippines because of families that have an intense desire for

power.


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Body

Political Dynasties Exist for Various Reasons

Due to their wealth and the capability to control the

economy, they can exercise influence which gives them chance to

gain political power (Simbulan, 2007).

Wealthy families have the capacity to control economy,

because in some communities, money can run their lives and can

buy their dignity so it will be easy for wealthy families to

build a dynasty and gain political power.

All candidates in the category known in the government

called “political dynasties” always agree in the saying that

candidates are not allowed to choose one of their family

members/relatives. Of course, only the voters will decide who

will win. Many Filipinos are bothered when there is political

dynasty on their area, because they think that corruption will be

the result of it, but for the candidates, it is getting difficult

for them because, if they run to their family members to simply


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help and support them for their public service, the problem,

however, is every time they run to their family or relatives,

they always get wrong and bad feedback from people. The people

think that they will get corrupted because the candidates chose a

family member to gain power. But of course, they still need a

more professional help from outside their family to survive in

our modern world economy. New candidates are joining the election

every year. Even in showbiz, people there are running for their

chosen positions in the political world. That is mostly what are

happening today, candidates from showbiz top the list of winners

because of their exposure on television, for example: Kris Aquino

and Noli De Castro; we can see the reflection of the current

dominance of television in the daily life on the average

Filipino. They have all this campaigns, from face-to-face media

appearances to advertisements which they paid for to gain

popularity to people of our country. Celebrities today are

tempted in what the former president Joseph "Erap" Estrada did.

He gained popularity and made it into a political career. He

easily captured the health of Filipinos. But every society is


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unique in its development. Building a strong modern political

world is decidedly toward the formulation that we can get not

only from adjuncts of clans, churches or corporations (David,

2007).

The statement shows that people always think that having a

relative in position while a certain person is in position also

is called political dynasty and can result to corruption. This

cause candidate to have a hard time asking help to their

relatives because people may see it as a negative sign or not a

worthy man for a position but as everyone can see, it is normal

to ask for help to relatives and non-relatives. Some of the

elected politicians came from showbiz and they top the list of

elected persons this is due to high exposure in showbiz and being

popular like former president Erap Estrada.

The presence of political dynasties in our government

promotes graft and corruption, because family members tend to

overlook the mistakes of each other. This also leads to nepotism

(A. Donato, personal communication, October 28, 2010).


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The main effect of political dynasties; as stated above is

graft and corruption due of their power and confidence to do it

because they hold every position in a community so no one will

charge them of their bad deeds. Nepotism occurs when the relative

of a powerful figure ascends to similar power seemingly without

appropriate qualifications.

Political Dynasty has Conquered Different Positions in both theLocal and National Governments

Ben Rosario stated in his article in Manila Bulletin

entitled: "Forget anti-dynasty bill in the 15th Congress;" "The

list of solons belonging to powerful political families include:

Metro Manila: Reps. Belmonte Jr. (Quezon City); Villar (Las

Pinas); Binay (Makati City); Gonzales (Mandaluyong City); Lopez

(Manila); Angping (Manila); Bagatsing (Manila); Biazon

(Muntinlupa City); Tobias(Navotas); Rubiano-Calixto (Pasay City);

Castelo (Quezon City); Banal (QC); Ejercito (San Juan); Tinga

(Taguig City); Gatchalian (Valenzuela City); and Lacson-Noel.

Region I: Reps. Romualdez Marcos (Ilocos Norte); Singson (Ilocos


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Sur); Singson Jr. (Ilocos Sur); Ortega (La Union); Celeste

(Pangasinan); De Venecia (Pangasinan); Cojuangco (Pangasinan);

Primicias-Agabad (Pangasinan); Region II: Reps. Abad (Batanes);

Enrile-Jr (Cagayan); Ting (Cagayan); Albano (Isabela); Dy

(Isabela), and Cua (Quirino); Region III: Reps. Garcia (Bataan);

Roman (Bataan); Alvarado (Bulacan); Mendoza (Bulacan); Joson

(Nueva Ecija); Violago (Nueva Ecija); Umali (Nueva Ecija);

Macapagal-Arroyo (Pampanga); Bondoc (Pampanga); Cojuangco

(Tarlac); Yap (Tarlac); Lapus (Tarlac) and Magsaysay (Zambales);

Region IV A: Reps. Collantes (Batangas); Abaya (Cavite); Mercado

Revilla (Cavite); Crispin Remulla (Cavite); Chipeco (Laguna);

Enverga (Quezon); Alcala (Quezon); Tanada III (Quezon); Duavit

(Rizal); Rodriguez Jr. (Rizal); Puno (Antipolo City); Region IV-

B: Reps. Villarosa (Occidental Mindoro); and Umali (Oriental

Mindoro); Region V: Reps. Lagman (Albay); Unico (Camarines Sur);

Andaya Jr. (Camarines Sur); Arroyo (Camrines Sur); Villafuerte

(Camarines Sur); Fuentebella (Camarines Sur); Bravo (Masbate);

Kho (Masbate); Seachon Lanete (Masbate); and Escudero III

(Sorsogon); Region VI: Reps. Javier (Antique); Castro (Capiz);


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Nava (Guimaras); Garin (Iloilo); Syjuco (Iloilo); Defensor Jr

(Iloilo); Tupas Jr. (Iloilo); Ledesma IV (Negros Occidental);

Mafranon (Negros Occidental); Arroyo (Negros Occidental); and

Alvarez (Negros Occidental); Region VII: Reps. Garcia (Cebu);

Durano I (Cebu); Del Mar (Cebu City); Osmena (Cebu City); Teves

(Negros Oriental); and Fua (Siquijor); Region VIII: Reps. Espina

(Biliran); Romualdez (Leyte); Apostol (Leyte); Cari (Leyte); Daza

(Northern Samar); Tan (Western Samar); and Mercado (Southern

Leyte); Region IX: Reps. Seth and Cesar Jalosjos (Zamboanga del

Norte); Cerilles (Zamboanga del Sur); Climaco (Zamboanga City);

and Jalosjos Jr. (Zamboanga Sibugay); Region X: Reps. Zubiri III

(Bukidnon); Romualdo (Camiguin); Imelda and Fatima Alia Dimaporo

(Lanao del Norte); and Emano (Misamis Oriental); Region XI: Reps.

Amatong (Compostela Valley); Almario (Davao Oriental); Del

Rosario (Davao del Norte); Lagdameo (Davao del Norte); Cagas

(Davao del Sur); Nograles (Davao City); and Garcia (Davao City);

Region XIII: Caraga: Reps. Amante (Agusan del NOrte); Plaza

(Agusan del Sur); Pichay (Surigao del Sur); and Ecleo Jr.


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(Dinagat Island); ARMM: Reps. Hataman-Saliman (Basilan) and

(Lanao del Sur) (2010)."

There are a lot of political families in the national

government such as the Binays, Aquinos, Arroyos, Marcoses,

Ejercitos, Cayetanos, and others.

The statements show lists of the many politicians involved

in political dynasties. The fact that there are numerous people

involved in political dynasties can mean that the situation

regarding the prevention of political dynasties; especially in

the local government may really get out of hand.

Political Dynasties Exist Even Though They are Unconstitutional

Political Dynasty is unconstitutional because under the

Philippine constitution at Art. II, Sec. 26, it is stated that

“The state shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for

public services, and prohibit political dynasty as ma be defined

by law” (De Leon, 2008, p.110).

The statement mentioned means that truly political dynasty

is a crime. But obviously it still exists here in the Philippines


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because political dynasties have no definite definition in our

constitution (as stated by Cruz, 2007) so how it would be stop by

our government. The implementation of prohibiting political

dynasties is a must to have an equal opportunity to every people

of the country in the positions in our government. According to

the constitution, every position in the government has a limited

term to every individual who had been in that position like the

local government officials; they are limited only for three terms

of being re-elected to a position etc.

Many bills and laws are passed to define political dynasty

in order to prohibit building political dynasties here in our

country but the very problem of this bills and laws are the

government officials who is indeed will pass this bills and laws

because they are also the people who are guilty of building such

political dynasties here in our country (A. Donato, personal

communication, October 28, 2010).

In the statement above, we could completely say that in

order to eliminate political dynasty here in our country, we must

firstly eliminate those person in the government who are guilt of


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building such as dynasties, then it will enable to pass those

laws and bills that defines and prohibits political dynasties.

Lastly as a government official, they must follow in what our

constitutions tells about their limitations and all the

prohibited acts that will surely make them honest and trustworthy

officials.

A. Donato said, "Political dynasties are weakening our

democratic form of government because these dynasties deprive

independent candidates; who can be more capable and deserving; in

equal opportunity of aiming for a position in the government

(personal communication, October 28, 2010)."

The statement said that the existence of political

dynasties in our country weakens our government. Why you may ask?

It’s because these dynasties deprive the sense of "fairness" in

people running for office during elections, especially

independent candidates. The chance to gain a position in the

government should be equal, but with families monopolizing the

different positions in the government, these independent

candidates may never get the opportunity to serve their country.


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"The situation has worsened. They have even exploited the

Party-List election (Ocampo, 2010)."

This statement shows that the abuse of people involved in

political dynasties has increased, that dynasties are also

forming among political party-lists. What was once affecting few

places in the local government now has escalated to the national

government. The government must find a way to stop these before

families completely dominate Philippine politics.

"The phenomenon of Political Dynasties shows the absence

of any real competition in politics, Because of the cop sided

economic structure of inequality which allows only a few to

monopolize wealth and power (Simbulan, 2007)."

The power of political dynasties can make the competition

in the election unfair. It is because of different political

families which are involved in the government. They want to get

their wealth and power to their political family, but mostly to

have power for them not to be replaced in their position.

"After winning their desired position in the government,

they can affect favorable laws which is not only giving them


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power and money, but also the protection in order for them to be

secured in their position (Simbulan, 2007)."

Many candidates are ruled by the abuse of having the power

of their position. Once they have their desired position, they

never want to be replaced in the position they stand at. For them

say in their position, they will change some laws that favor them

and not only will give them money and power, but also will make

them secured in the position they have.

Power of the Political Families Overwhelming Others

"The constitution indirectly encourages political

dynasties. A forcibly retired official arranges for a family

member, or a mistress to occupy his position for one term, after

which he is qualified to run again for office. The substitute is

usually a puppet for the retired family member (Cruz, 2007)."

An official with a position (for example a mayor) in the

government will forcibly be retired in his/her position for one

term. But, by the law of Constitution, he may use one of his

family member, may it be a mistress or son/daughter, to run for


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the position he was retired at. He or She will serve as a

substitute of the retired family member. Then after the time of

the substitute family member expires as mayor, it will be the

time for the retired family member to run again for the desired

position in the government. This loophole in the Constitution is

one that must be mended, because this is one way that people

involved in political dynasties can escape in their offense.

Every official in the government must have equal access to

political opportunities by the power of the provisions limiting

the terms of office of elective officials. In order to prohibit

political dynasty so that no one could use their powers as a

government official in spawning evil in our government (The

Philippine Constitution) (De Leon, 2008, p.111)

The statement above is somewhat a way to prevent the

occurrence of political dynasties, but the question is, is it

being implemented? The occurrence or prevention of political

dynasties still rests on the hands of the people in office,

because they are the ones who will decide whether or not they


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will implement ways to prevent abuse of power and formation of

political families.

Conclusion

The researchers found out that the political dynasty is a

succession of political positions to people belonging to the same

family. They maintain their power, influence or authority over

the course of generations.


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Also, the political dynasty is one of the many problems of

our government. It promotes graft and corruption, because of the

family members turning a blind eye to each other's mistakes and

crimes.

After conducting this study, the researchers were able to

determine the different families that have political dynasties in

their constituents. The research showed that every region in the

Philippines has political dynasties.

Political dynasty is a hindrance for the success of our

country. These dynasties must be slowly removed so that the true

meaning of democracy will prevail and other candidates will feel

secured in terms of the quality of elections within our

territory.

The researchers conclude that political dynasties do exist even

though it is unconstitutional because of the different reasons like to

have the power for personal purposes. It also exists because of the

money and connection of the political families to control some

government officials in creating dynasties. Last but not the least is

the lack of bills and laws that may define and prohibit such as


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political dynasties because the members of the government that have

the power to pass bills and laws are the one who is in such acts like

this.

The researchers suggest that to prohibit political dynasties;

the government must first define the conditions to consider saying

that this act is a way to create a political dynasty. Then they must

get rid of political officials who doing this act that will enable

them to pass the laws and bills that prohibits political dynasties

here in the Philippines.

The researchers have shown that the local government is one of

the most affected areas of political dynasties. The political families

have the ability to control the economy, the people, and also the

elections because of their excessive abuse of power, and with this

power they fill almost every position in the local government.

With abusive power, political dynasties can also control

the people of a locality by threatening them by using old-

fashioned methods; violence, and illegal activities for example.

This will affect the people’s freedom and rights, because they

can be killed anytime by the private armies of these political


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dynasties without anyone knowing, so people will be scared and be

afraid to talk.

The research conducted also shows that political dynasties

have effects on independent candidates; and that political

families with the desire to stay in position are using their

power and influence in order to do as they please. These

independent candidates who also want to serve their local

compatriots are not given the opportunity, because they cannot

claim a position because of these political dynasties.

With this abuse of power of many political families, the

sense of our country's democracy is really not felt by the

people, especially the independent candidates running for

elections. Everybody should have the equal opportunity to have a

chance in having a position in the government, so that other

members of the community, especially the people more capable, can

have a chance in serving the people.

In this study, it shows that power is the political

dynasties' aim so that they can have superiority to others. They


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also want personal gain and they are able to maintain their

position by using their money and influence.

Reference List


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APPENDICES


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APPENDIX A(Group Schedule)


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APPENDIX B(Group Checklist)


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APPENDIX C(Interview Questions)


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Interview Questions

1. How's your day so far sir/ma'am?

2. What's your understanding regarding political dynasty?

3. Do you know some families that has political dynasty?

4. Why do you think political dynasty exist even though it

is unconstitutional?

5. What do you think are the problems that it may cost in

their constituents?

6. How does this affect the independent candidates in

running for local elections?

7. What are the disadvantages in having political

dynasties in the government?

8. What do you think are the effects of political

dynasties in implementing laws?


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9. Do political dynasties strengthen or weaken the

democratic form of government? Why or why not?

10. What do you think are the possible actions that

the government must do in order to remove this

political dynasties?


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APPENDIX D(Interview Transcript)

Interview Transcript

Introduction

Ronn Santos: Good afternoon everyone. We are group nine.

Raymond Rozario: We are about to conduct an interview for our

research.


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Eddie Vallejos: Entitled about the causes and impacts of

political dynasty on the political sphere of the Philippines.

Weber Ruiz: the interviewee is Professor Anabelle Donato from

S.L.H.S. department.

ReynanRozul:Graduate of political science in the University of

Sto. Tomas

Group 9: And now, for the interview proper.

Interview proper

Weber Ruiz: Good afternoon mam. How’s your day so far?

Professor Donato: I’m fine, how about you?

Weber Ruiz: I’m ok. Uhm..to start it off,uhm..what is your

understanding regarding political dynasty?

Professor Donato: Political dynasty has not been strictly defined

in our laws but, it is commonly or traditionally known as,uhm...a

group or a family exercising the power in a certain locality to

the point of being typical warlords in that particular localities

so even though it has not been defined in our laws, that is the

common understanding between this term political dynasty.


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Eddie Vallejos: So the second question, do you know some families

that has political dynasty in the country?

(Construction Noise)

(People chatting)

Professor Donato: I don’t personally know anybody but, there are

popular political dynasties in our country. Say for example, the

Dy dynasty of Isabela?,Joson of Nueva Ejica,uhm..Marcoses of

Ilocos.So, these are some popular political dynasties who were

able to perpetuatetheir family to help the government operate.

ReynanRozul: What do you think are the problems that it may cause

in their constituents?

Professor Donato: The problemit’s this families abusing their

power in the locality. But if they’re really doing their job,

their family really dedicated to public service, thenI don’t

think there will be a problem. The problem will lie now in

providing equal access to the opportunities for public service to

other people. Say for example, in yourlocality there are new

blood or there are people who also wants to serve the public but

since you family is dominating the politics, you’re appointing


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all of the members of your family to the different positions in

the government. In that case, that might cause the locality to

lose uhh..a very concerned leader uhh.. a good leader because

they will not allow him to serve publicly because they are

dominating the politics.

ReynanRozul: Mam you have said one effect on the local

independent candidates, can you cite other effects?

Professor Donato: No I mean if they will not be able.. this

independent candidates will not be able to infiltrate the

politics, it will also be the laws of the people because this

independent leader might prove himself to be a good leader or

will be the law of the constituents because we cannot survive the

service that he wants to give because he was not given the chance

to serve this people.

Ronn Santos: Hello mam.

Professor Donato: Hi

Ronn Santos: What are the disadvantages in having political

dynasty in our government?


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Professor Donato: Well..like what I’ve mentioned earlier, one

disadvantage will be, we were depriving of the people of uhh..new

blood or new set of leaders. Meaning, uhm..people who will

introduce new ideas, new policies which might be good for our

country. So in that case, if we will allow the political dynasty

to continue, we are depriving the people of these

representatives. And..aside from that, it can also lead to

nepotism. Meaning, this political..this family, of course, will

appoint those people who are also member of their family.

Ronn Santos: My next question is, what do you think are the

effects of political dynasties in implementing laws?

Professor Donato:Uhm.implementing the laws? Uhm.. Meaning the

locality have political dynasty?

Ronn Santos: uhh..Yes

Professor Donato: So I think there could be some….they’re

probably created a culture where we are promoting graft and

corruption. Why? Because in the implementation of this laws,

since nobody can check whether these people are doing what the

mandate of their constituent, because they are all family


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members, they tend to overlook the mistakes of each other. So in

that case, I think that might lead to the circumvention of the

law or probably the graft and corruption? Is that what you’re

asking regarding the implementation? So yea that is promoting

those kinds of things to happen because this people are members

of one family. So instead of checking each other, they might

condole each other if they will commit mistakes.

Ronn Santos: Thankyou mam.

Raymond Rozario: Hi mam.

Professor Donato: Hi.

Raymond Rozario: Do political dynasty strengthen or weaken the

democratic form of the government? Why or why not?

Professor Donato: I think in a way it weakens the democratic form

of our government because by allowing these political dynasties

to remain in our country, we are being undemocratic to other

people who also want to serve the public. So isn’t democracy a

concept where everybody can..should be allowed to serve the

people, to speak their mind. So in this case, we are trying

to..allow..we are allowing this people to build a dictatorship


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of their own, with them being the leader. So we are allowing them

to monopolize the system. So that is anatima or it’s antagonistic

to the concept of democracy.

Raymond Rozario:So, for our final question, what do you think are

possible actions that the government must do in order to remove

this political dynasties?

Professor Donato: Well to remove these political dynasties, the

government must pass a law which will disallow these political

dynasties to continue. Because what I have mentioned earlier, in

our constitution, what is provided is a general law; it is not

self-executor y. Those provisions under section 2..ah..article 2

rather are not self-executing, most of them are not self-

executing. One of this is the law or the provision on the

political dynasty. So before it can be implemented in our

jurisdiction, there has to be enabling law passed by the

congress. So in order to eliminate political dynasty, this bill,

this pending bill in the congress regarding political dynasty,

defining political dynasties, must be passed and afterwards they

should provide sanctions and they should make sure that this law


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against political dynasties will be properly ---. So the first

thing that they need to do is to define what is political

dynasty. Meaning, they should provide a clear definition of what

will fall under this category of political dynasty and implement

the law -----. (Construction Noise)

Raymond Rozario: So that’s it. Thank you mam for giving us some

in…for giving us some information about political dynasty.

Professor Donato: Ok,no problem.

END

Cutted part of the interview

Eddie Vallejos: So, why do you think political dynasty exist even

though it is unconstitutional?

(Construction Noise)

(People chatting)

Professor Donato: Because there’s… First, there’s no law

prohibiting political dynasties, meaning, it should be provided

in our constitution. But under article 2, before those

declarations can become self-executing, there needs to be

enabling law passed by the congress. And as of present, that law


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is still pending in congress. And the problem is, this people who

are in congress, they are the very people guilty of political

dynasty so why will they pass a law which will be contrary to

---- right? So if that case, even though this political dynasty

exist since there’s no sanction or punishment or ---- political

dynasty ----- it will not stop so long as this fact still not be

punished by our laws.

APPENDIX E


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(Documentation)


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The group (From the left: Vallejos, Rozul, Rozario, Ruiz, Santos)

introducing their interviewee, Professor Donato

A member of the group, John Weber Ruiz getting ready for his turn

in the interview


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Group secretary Reynan Rozul checking the interview questions


50

Group member Ronn Santos, and Professor Donato, having their

conversation during the interview

The Causes and Impacts of the Political Dynasties in the Political Sphere of the Philippines

Documents

Transcript of The Causes and Impacts of the Political Dynasties in the Political Sphere of the Philippines