S.Y.B.A. Special 1 Revised Study Material 2012

Title Of The Paper : Indian Philosophical Approaches

Unit 1: Upnishadic Philosophy

Prof. Shriniwas Hemade,hodhilosophy@sangamnercollege.org, 9226 56 30 52

Page 1 of 17

1 1

S. Y. B. A. Special 1

INDIAN PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACHES

¦ã§Ìã—ãã¶ã ( Ô¹ãñÎã Ë 1 )

¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¦ã§Ìã—ãã¶ã㦽ã‡ãŠ ªðãäÓ›‡ãŠãñ¶ã

¾ãìãä¶ã› 1 : „¹ããä¶ãÓãªã¦ããèË ¦ã§Ìã—ãã¶ã (Upnishadic Philosophy) 1.1 : ºãÆãÚã¥ããâ½ã£ããèË ‡ãŠ½ãÇãŠãâ¡ãÔã ãäÌãÀãñ£ã,„¹ããä¶ãÓãªã¦ããèË ãäÌããäÌã£ã¦ãã ‚ãããä¥ã †‡ãŠ¦ãã. 1.2 : ½ã쌾ã ãäÔ㣪㶦ã :

ºãÆÚã, ‚ã㦽ãã, ¹ãÀã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ã¹ãÀããäÌãªáá¾ãã (½ãì⡇ãŠãñ¹ããä¶ãÓ㪠‚ãããä¥ã ƒÎããñ¹ããä¶ãÓãª) , ¶ãõãä¦ã‡ãŠ ãäÌãÞããÀ (ƒÎããñ¹ããä¶ãÓãª)

1.3: ÔãâÌããªãâÞãã ¹ããäÀÞã¾ã : ¹ãÆ•ãã¹ã¦ããè - ãäÌãÀãñÞã¶ã - ƒâªÆ, „ªáªãˇ㊠- ÎÌãñ¦ã‡ãŠñ¦ãì (œãâªãñؾããñ¹ããä¶ãÓ㪠) 1.4 : ¾ãã—ãÌãÌãʇ㊿ã - ½ãõ¨ãñ¾ããè ( ºãðÖªãÀ¥¾ã‡ãŠãñ¹ããä¶ãÓ㪠) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

„¹ããä¶ãÓãªã¦ããèË ¦ã§Ìã—ãã¶ã ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌã¶ãã :

¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¦ã§Ìã—ãã¶ã Ôã½ã•ããÌãî¶ã Üãñ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ããâ¶ããè ‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ ãäÌãÞããÀ Ôã½ã•ããÌãî¶ã Üãñ¥ãñ ØãÀ•ãñÞãñ ‚ããÖñ.ãäÌãÞããÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ Öñ ½ãã¥ãÔããÞãñ Êãàã¥ã ‚ãÔãʾãã½ãìßñÞã ‚ãùãäÀÔ›ãù›Êã¶ãñ `½ãã¥ãîÔã Öã ãäÌãÞããÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀã ¹ãÆã¥ããè ‚ããÖñ' ‚ãÍããè ̾ã㌾ãã ‡ãŠñÊããè. ãäÌãÞããÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ, Öãè ½ãã¶ããäÔã‡ãŠ Ìã ÌãõÞãããäÀ‡ãŠ ‡ãŠð¦ããè ‚ãÔãî¶ã ¦ããè ‡ãŠð¦ããè ‡ãŠÀ¦ããñ ¦ããñ ãäÌãÞããÀÌãâ¦ã ‚ãÔã¦ããñ. ãäÌãÞããÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ¾ããÞãã ‚ã©ãà ãäÌãÍÊãñÓã¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ, Þãì‡ãŠã Íããñ£ãî¶ã ¦¾ãã ›ãߥãñ,¾ããñؾ㠂ãããä¥ã Ô㦾ã ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠÓããÇ㊡ñ •ãã¥ãñ.¾ããÞãã ‚ã©ãà ãäÌãÞããÀãâ½ã£ããèÊã Þãì‡ãŠã Íããñ£ãî¶ã ¦ãñ ãäÌãÞããÀ ‡ãŠ½ããÊã ¹ãã¦ãßãèÌãÀ ãä¶ãªãñÃÓã ºã¶ããäÌã¥ãñ ‚ãÔã¦ãñ. ¦ã§Ìã—ãã¶ã ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ãäÌãÞããÀãâÞãã ãäÌãÞããÀ, ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãù⛶ããè ¹ãŠáʾãî ¾ãã ¦ã§Ìã—ããÞãñ ½ã¦ã ‚ããÖñ.¾ãã ‚ã©ããöãñ ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¦ã§Ìã—ãã¶ã Öã ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ããâ¶ããè ‡ãŠñÊãñʾãã ãäÌãÞããÀãâÞãã ãäÌãÞããÀ ‚ããÖñ. ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¦ã§Ìã—ãã¶ããÔã ¹ãÆãÞããè¶ã ¹ãÀâ¹ãÀã ‚ãÔãî¶ã ãä‡ãŠ½ãã¶ã ¦ããè¶ã Ö•ããÀ ÌãÓããÃâÞãã ƒãä¦ãÖãÔã ‚ããÖñ. Öñ ¦ã§Ìã—ãã¶ã ¹ãÆãÞããè¶ã £ãããä½ãÇ㊠ãäÌãÞããÀãâ½ã£ãî¶ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãäÔã¦ã ¢ããÊãñ ‚ããÖñ. ¹ãÆãÞããè¶ã ¼ããÀ¦ãã¦ã ¦ããè¶ã £ã½ãà ãäÌã‡ãŠãäÔã¦ã ¢ããÊãñ. ãäÖâªì,ºããõ£ª ‚ãããä¥ã •ãõ¶ã. 'Ìãñª ' ¶ãã½ã‡ãŠ Ìããݽã¾ã Öñ ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¦ã§Ìã—ãã¶ããÞãã ½ãîÊãã£ããÀ Ôã½ã•ãÊãñ •ãã¦ãñ. `Ìãñª' ¾ãã ¶ããÌããÞãñ ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦ãñÖãè †‡ãŠÞã †‡ãŠ ¹ãìÔ¦ã‡ãŠ ¶ããÖãè, ¦ãÀ ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ ØãÆâ©ããâÞãã ¦ããñ ½ããñŸã ÔãâØãÆÖ ‚ããÖñ.¦¾ãã ÔãØãß¿ããâ¶ãã ãä½ãßî¶ã ÌãñªÌããݽã¾ã ãä‡ãŠâÌãã Ìãõã䪇㊠ÔãããäÖ¦¾ã ½Öâ›Êãñ •ãã¦ãñ.ÌãñªãâÞããè ¼ããÓãã ÔãâÔ‡ãŠð¦ã ‚ããÖñ.Ìãñªãâ½ã£ããèÊã ¦ã§Ìã—ãã¶ã `„¹ããä¶ãÓãªñ' ¶ãã½ã‡ãŠ ØãÆâ©ãÔãâØãÆÖã¦ã ̾ã§ãŠ ¢ããÊãñ ‚ããÖñ.

Ìãñª

`Ìãñª' Öã Í㺪 ÔãâÔ‡ãŠð¦ã `ãäÌãªá' ¹ããÔãî¶ã ºã¶ã¦ããñ.ãäÌãªá ½Ö¥ã•ãñ •ãã¥ã¥ãñ, —ãã¶ã Öãñ¥ãñ ‚ãÔãã ‚ããÖñ. Ìãõã䪇㊠ÔãããäÖ¦¾ã ‚ãàãÀÍã: ‚ã¹ããÀ ‚ãÔãî¶ã ¦¾ãã¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ‡ãŠãÖãè ‚ãâÍãÞã ‚ãã•ã ‚ãã¹ã¥ããÔã „¹ãÊ㺣㠂ããÖñ.Ô©ãÊã Ìã ‡ãŠãÊãªðÓ›¿ãã ¾ãã ÔãããäÖ¦¾ããÞããè ̾ãã¹ã‡ãŠ¦ãã ¹ãŠãÀ ½ããñŸãè ‚ããÖñ. Öñ ÔãããäÖ¦¾ã ½ãâ ã ÔÌãÀî¹ãã¦ã ‚ããÖñ¦ã.¦¾ããâÞãñ †‡ãŠ¨ããè‡ãŠÀ¥ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ ‚ãÔãî¶ã ¦¾ããâ¶ãã `ÔãâãäÖ¦ãã'

S.Y.B.A. Special 1 Revised Study Material 2012

Title Of The Paper : Indian Philosophical Approaches

Unit 1: Upnishadic Philosophy

Prof. Shriniwas Hemade,hodhilosophy@sangamnercollege.org, 9226 56 30 52

Page 2 of 17

2 2

½Ö¥ã¦ãã¦ã.ÔãâãäÖ¦ãã ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ÔãâØãÆÖ.¾ãã ÔãâãäÖ¦ããâ½ã£ããèÊã ãäÌãÞããÀãâÞãñ ¹ãì¶Öã ÔÌã¦ãâ¨ã ãäÞãâ¦ã¶ã ¢ããÊãñ ‚ãÔãî¶ã ¦¾ããâ¶ãã `ºãÆãÚã¥ãñ' ‚ãÔãñ ¶ããÌã ‚ããÖñ. ¾ãã ½ãâ¨ã Ìã ºãÆãÚã¥ã ¾ããâ¶ãã Ìãñª ‚ãÔãñ ½Öâ›Êãñ •ãã¦ãñ.½ãâ¨ã ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ÔãâãäÖ¦ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ºãÆãÚã¥ãñ ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ºãÆãÚã¥ãØãÆâ©ã,‚ããÀ¥¾ã‡ãŠñ ‚ãããä¥ã „¹ããä¶ãÓ㪠Öãñ¾ã.

ÌãñªãâÞããè ÀÞã¶ãã

¹ãÆãÞããè¶ã ‚ãã¾ããÃâ¶ããè „§ãÀ £ãÆìÌã ¾ãã ½ãîß ãä¶ãÌããÔãÔ©ãã¶ãã¹ããÔãî¶ã ¼ããÀ¦ãã¦ã ¾ãñÌãî¶ã ÌãÔã¦ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãã ‡ãŠãÊã Ìã ¹ãÆÌããÔã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊããè ã䟇ãŠã¥ãñ ãäÌããäÌã£ã ‚ããÖñ¦ã.¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊãã¦ã Ìã ÌãñØãÌãñØãß¿ãã ã䟇ãŠã¥ããè Öãè ãä¶ããä½ãæããè Öãñ¦ã ÀããäÖÊããè.Öã ¼ãî¼ããØã ãäÌãÍããÊã Ìã ¹ãƪãèÜãà Öãñ¦ãã.Ìãñªã⃦ã‡ãŠñ ¹ãÆãÞããè¶ã Ìã ÔãÊãØã ÔãããäÖ¦¾ã •ãØãã¦ã ƒ¦ãÀ¨ã ‡ãŠãñŸñÖãè ¶ãÔãʾãã¶ãñ ‡ãŠñÌãß ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ããâÞ¾ãã ¶ãÌÖñ ¦ãÀ ½ãã¶ãÌããè ƒãä¦ãÖãÔãã¦ãÞã Ìãñªãâ¶ãã ½ãîÊã¼ãî¦ã ½ãÖ¦Ìã ‚ããÖñ.½ãã¶ãÌããä¶ããä½ãæ㠇ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌãÞããÀ£ããÀãâÞãã ƒãä¦ãÖãÔã Ôã½ã•ããÌãî¶ã Üãñ¥¾ããÔããŸãè Ìãõã䪇㊠ÔãããäÖ¦¾ããÔããÀŒãñ ªìÔãÀñ Ôãã£ã¶ã „¹ãÊ㺣㠶ããÖãè. Öãè ÌãÔ¦ãìãäÔ©ã¦ããè Êãàãã¦ã Üãñ¦ãã ØãÆãè‡ãŠ ¦ã§Ìã—ãã¶ãã¹ãñàããÖãè Ìãõã䪇㊠¦ã§Ìã—ãã¶ã ¹ãÆãÞããè¶ã ‚ãÔãʾããÞãñ Êãàãã¦ã ¾ãñ¦ãñ. ¦¾ãã½ãìßñ ¦ã§Ìã—ãã¶ããÞããè ‚ãÔÔãÊã ØãâØããñ¨ããè Ìãõã䪇㊠ÔããäÖ¦¾ãã¦ãî¶ãÞã „Øã½ã ¹ããÌã¦ãñ,Öñ ‚ã£ããñÀñãäŒã¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ. ÌãñªÌããݽã¾ã ‚ãàãÀÍã: ‚ã¹ãŠã› ‚ããÖñ. Ìãõã䪇㊠¹ãÀâ¹ãÀñ¶ãìÔããÀ ÌãñªãâÞãñ ½ãâ¨ã Ìã ºãÆãÚã¥ã ‚ãÔãñ ãäÌã¼ããØããè‡ãŠÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñ ‚ããÖñ.¾ãã ãäÌã¼ããØããâÞãñ ÔÌãÀî¹ã ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ãã½ã£ããèÊã ãäÞãâ¦ã¶ã ãäÌãÓã¾ã ¹ãì¤ãèÊã¹ãƽãã¥ãñ : 1) ÔãâãäÖ¦ãã : ¨ãÉÓããèâ½ãì¶ããèâ¶ããè ªñÌãªñÌã¦ããâ¶ãã „ªááªñÎãî¶ã ÀÞãËñËá¾ãã ½ãâ ããâÞãã ÔãâØãÆÖ : ¨ãÉØÌãñª, ¾ã•ãìÌãóª , Ôãã½ãÌãñª, Ìã ‚ã©ãÌãÃÌãñª.1 2) ºãÆãÚã¥ãñ : ¹ãÆã©ãöãã Ìã ¾ã—ããäÌã£ããè, ‡ãŠ½ãÇãŠãâ¡, ªñÌããâÞ¾ã㠇㊩ãã, ‚ã㌾ãã¶ãñ, ½ãâ¨ããâÞãã ‚ã©ãà ƒ¦¾ããªãè. 3) ‚ããÀ¥¾ã‡ãñŠ : ‚ãÀ¥¾ãã¦ããèÊã ¨ãÉãäÓã½ãì¶ããéÞãñ •ããèÌã, ƒÃÍÌãÀ, Ìã ãäÌãÍÌããäÌãÓã¾ã‡ãŠ ãäÌãÞããÀ.Ìãã¶ã¹ãÆÔ©ããÑã½ã ‡ãŠãÊãã¦ã ØãðÖÔ©ãã¶ãñ ‚ãÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ÀãÖî¶ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ ãäÞãâ¦ã¶ã, ½ã¶ã¶ã. 4) „¹ããä¶ãÓãªñ : ¦ã§Ìã—ãã¶ã.ÌãñªãâÞ¾ãã ÍãñÌã›ãè ¾ãñ¥ããÀã Öã ¼ããØã ‚ãÔãʾãã¶ãñ „¹ããä¶ãÓãªã¶ããâÞã 'Ìãñªã¶¦ã ' ½Ö¥ã¦ãã¦ã.

¾ãã ãäÌãÍããÊã Ìã ‚ã¹ãŠã› Ìããݽã¾ãã¦ã ÔãâãäÖ¦ãã Öã ¹ãƇãŠãÀ ¹ãÆ©ã½ã ÀÞãÊãã ØãñÊãã.¦¾ãã¦ããèÊã ¨ãÉØÌãñª Öãè ÔãâãäÖ¦ãã ½ãã¶ãÌããè ƒãä¦ãÖãÔãã¦ããèÊã ¹ããäÖÊããè ÀÞã¶ãã ‚ããÖñ.¦ããè Ôãã£ããÀ¥ã¦ã: ƒ.Ôã.¹ãî.1200 ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊãã¦ã ÀÞãÊããè ØãñÊããè ‚ãÔããÌããè, ‚ãÔãñ ½ãù‡ãŠáÔã½¾ãÊËÀ2 ¾ãã ¹ãâã䡦ããÞãñ ½ã¦ã ‚ããÖñ. Ìãñª ÔÌããè‡ãŠãÀ¥ããžããâ¶ãã Ìãõã䪇㊠‚ãããä¥ã Ìãñª ¶ãã‡ãŠãÀ¥ããžããâ¶ãã ‚ãÌãõã䪇㊠½Ö¥ã¦ãã¦ã.ºããõ£ª Ìã •ãõ¶ã £ã½ããÃâ¶ããè Ìãñª ¶ãã‡ãŠãÀʾãã¶ãñ ¦ãñ ‚ãÌãõã䪇㊠½ãã¶ãÊãñ •ãã¦ãã¦ã.‚ãããä¥ã ãäÖâªìâ¶ããè ÔÌããè‡ãŠãÀʾãã¶ãñ ¦¾ããâ¶ãã Ìãõã䪇㊠½ãã¶ãÊãñ ØãñÊãñ.¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¦ã§Ìã—ãã¶ã ¾ãã ¦ããè¶ã £ã½ããÃâ½ã£ããèÊã ¦ãããä§Ìã‡ãŠ ãäÌãÞããÀãâ½ã£ãî¶ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãäÔã¦ã ¢ããÊãñ ‚ããÖñ. ¾ãã ¦ãããä¦Ìã‡ãŠ ãäÌãÞããÀãÔã `ªÍãöã' ‚ãÍããè Ôãâ—ãã ‚ããÖñ.ÔãÖã Ìãõã䪇㊠‚ãããä¥ã ¦ããè¶ã ‚ãÌãõã䪇㊠ªÍãöãñ ãä½ãßî¶ã ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¦ã§Ìã—ãã¶ã ºã¶ã¦ãñ.

1¨ãÉØÌãñª: ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ¨ãÉÞããâÞãñ —ãã¶ã. ¾ãã ¨ãÉÞããâ½ã£¾ãñ ãäÌããäÌã£ã ªñÌã¦ããâÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆã©ãöãã,‡ãŠ©ãã,ÔãâÌã㪠¾ããâÞãñ Ìã¥ãö㠹㪿㠽ãâ ãã¦ã ‚ããÖñ¦ã. ¾ã•ãìÌãóª: ¾ã—ããäÌã£ããèÞããè ½ãããäÖ¦ããè.Ø㪿㠽ãâ¨ã Ìã ¹ãÆã©ãöãã ªñã¶ã ¹ãƇãŠãÀ : ‡ãŠðӥ㠾ã•ãìÌãóª ÔãâãäÖ¦ãã ‚ãããä¥ã Íãì‡ãŠáÊã ¾ã•ãìÌãóª ÔãâãäÖ¦ãã Ôãã½ãÌãñª: Ôãã½ã ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ãäÌããäÍãÓ› ÔãìÀã¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ Øãã¾ã¶ã.¾ã—ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã¶ãã ¨ãÉÞããâÞãñ Øãã¾ã¶ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ •ããƒÃ.Öã ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ÔãâØããè¦ãÍããÔ¨ããÞãã ¹ãã¾ãã ‚ããÖñ. ‚ã©ãÌãÃÌãñª: ¼ããõãä¦ã‡ãŠ Ôã½ãðã䣪ÔããŸãèÞãñ Ø㪿ã Ì㠹㪿㠽ãâ¨ã.ºã죪ãè, Íããõ¾ãÃ,‚ããÀãñؾã, ÀãñØããä¶ãÌããÀ¥ã, ¶ãã½ã‡ãŠÀ¥ã, ÌãÍããè‡ãŠÀ¥ã, ãäÌãÌããÖ. •ããªî›ãñ¥ãã, ‡ãŠãßãè •ããªî ƒ¦¾ããªãèÞãã „Øã½ã ¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÖñ. 2 ¹ãŠÆñ¡ãäÀ‡ãŠ ½ãù‡ã‹Ôã ½¾ãîËÀ (06ãä¡ÔãñâºãÀ 1823 ¦ãñ 28 ‚ããù‡ãŠá›ãñºãÀ 1900) Öñ •ã½ãö㠼ããÓããÍããÔ¨ã—ã ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ããõÌããæ¾ã ãäÌ㪿ããâÞãñ Øãã¤ñ ‚ã¼¾ããÔã‡ãŠ Öãñ¦ãñ.¹ããÍÞã㦾ã ÀãÓ›Èãâ½ã£ããèÊã ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ãäÌ㪿ãã‚ã¼¾ããÔã —ãã¶ã ÍããŒãñÞããè Ô©ãã¹ã¶ãã ¾ããâ¶ããè ‡ãŠñÊããè.ƒÃÔ› ƒâ¡ãè¾ã ‡ãŠâ¹ã¶ããè¶ãñ ¼ããÀ¦ããÞãã £ããñÀ¥ã㦽ã‡ãŠ ‚ã¼¾ããÔã ‡ãŠñÊãã.¦¾ããÞããÞã ¼ããØã ½Ö¥ãî¶ã ½ãù‡ãŠáÔã ½¾ãìÊãÀ ¾ããâ¶ããè ‡ãŠâ¹ã¶ããè¦ã ¶ããñ‡ãŠÀãè ‡ãŠÀî¶ã ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ãäÌ㪿ããâÞãã (ƒâ¡ãùÊããù•ããè) ‚ã¼¾ããÔã ‡ãŠñÊãã .

`Ôãù‡ãŠÆãè¡ ºãì‡ãŠáÔã ‚ããù¹ãŠ ƒÃÔ› ' Öã 50 Œãâ¡ãÞãã ¹ãƇãŠÊ¹ã ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ½ããØãêÍãöããŒããÊããè ¹ãÆãäÔ㣪 ¢ããÊãã.¦ã©ãããä¹ã ½ãù‡ãŠáÔã ½¾ãìÊãÀ ¼ããÀ¦ãã¦ã ‡ãŠ£ããèÖãè ¾ãñÌãî Íã‡ãŠÊãñ ¶ããÖãè¦ã.

S.Y.B.A. Special 1 Revised Study Material 2012

Title Of The Paper : Indian Philosophical Approaches

Unit 1: Upnishadic Philosophy

Prof. Shriniwas Hemade,hodhilosophy@sangamnercollege.org, 9226 56 30 52

Page 3 of 17

3 3

Friedrich Max Müller

(December 6, 1823 – October 28,

1900), a German philologist and

Orientalists

Müller wrote the Sacred Books of the

East, a massive, 50-volume set of

English translations prepared under his

direction, stands as an enduring

monument to Victorian

Scholarship .

Ñãìãä¦ã Ìããݽã¾ã Ìãñª, ºãÆãÚã¥ãñ Ìã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªñ ¾ããâ¶ãã `Ñãìãä¦ã' ½Öâ›Êãñ •ãã¦ãñ.•¾ããÞãñ ÑãÌã¥ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ Ìã ¦¾ããªááÌããÀñ Ô½ãÀ¥ãã¦ã ŸñÌãÊããè •ãã¦ãñ ¦ããè Ñãìãä¦ã Öãñ¾ã.Ñãìãä¦ãÞãã ãäÌãÔ¦ãããäÀ¦ã ‚ã©ãà ½Ö¥ã•ãñ `ƒÃÍÌãÀ¹ãÆ¥ããè¦ã' Öãñ¾ã.Ìãõã䪇ãŠãâÞ¾ã㠽֥㥾ãã¶ãìÔããÀ Ìãñª Öñ ‚ã¹ããõÀîÓãñ¾ã ‚ããÖñ¦ã. ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ‡ãŠìŸÊ¾ããÖãè ¹ãìÀìÓãã¶ãñ (¹ã¾ããþãã¶ãñ ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦¾ããÖãè ½ãã¶ãÌãã¶ãñ) ãä¶ã½ããå㠇ãŠñÊãñÊãñ ¶ããÖãè¦ã; ¦ãÀ ƒÃÍÌãÀã¹ããÔãî¶ã ‚ããÊãñÊãñ ‚ããÖñ¦ã.ØãìÀìªñÌã Àã.ª.Àã¶ã¡ñ ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ½ã¦ãñ `‚ã㦽ãã¶ãì¼ãÌããÞ¾ãã „¶½ããªã¶ãñ ¹ãÆ㹦ã Öãñ¥ããÀãè ‚ãâ¦ã:Ô¹ãŠîãä¦ãà ‚ã©ãÌãã ƒÃÍÌãÀãè ¹ãÆñÀ¥ãã ½Ö¥ã•ãñ Ñãìãä¦ã' Öãñ¾ã.¾ããÞãã ‚ã©ãà ƒÃÍÌãÀ ¹ãÆñÀ¥ãã Êãã¼ãÊãñʾãã ¨ãÉÓããè½ãì¶ããè¶ããè ¦ãñ ÀÞãÊãñ ‚ããÖñ¦ã, ‚ãÔãã Üãñ¦ãËã •ãã¦ããñ. „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞ¾ã㠽֥㥾ãã¶ãìÔããÀ ÞããÀÖãè ÌãñªÔãâãäÖ¦ãã Öãè ƒÃÍÌãÀãÞããè ãä¶ã:ÍÌããäÔã¦ãñ (ÜããñÀ¥ãñ) ‚ããÖñ¦ã.†Ìã¤ñÞã ¶ãÌÖñ ¦ãÀ ƒãä¦ãÖãÔã, ¹ãìÀã¥ãñ, ÍããÔ¨ãñ,‡ãŠã̾ãñ Ìã ¾ãã ÔãÌããÃÌãÀãèÊã ¼ããÓ¾ãñ Öãè ÔããÀãèÞã ƒÃÍÌãÀãÞããè ãä¶ã:ÍÌããäÔã¦ãñ ‚ããÖñ¦ã.½Ö¥ã•ãñ ƒÃÍÌãÀ ¹ãÆñÀ¥ãã Êãã¼ãÊãñʾã㠇㊦¾ããà ¨ãÉÓããè½ãì¶ããè¶ããè ¦ãñ ÀÞãÊãñ ‚ããÖñ¦ã.

„¹ããä¶ãÓãªñ

„¹ããä¶ãÓãªá Î㺪ãÞãã ‚ã©ãÃ

„¹ã + ãä¶ã + Ôãªá ¾ãã £ãã¦ãî¹ããÔãî¶ã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªá Î㺪 ¦ã¾ããÀ ¢ããËñËã ‚ããÖñû ½Ö¥ã•ãñ Ôãªáá ¾ãã £ãã¦ãîÊãã „¹ã ‚ãããä¥ã ãä¶ã Öñ „¹ãÔãØãà ÊããÌãî¶ã Öã Í㺪 ºã¶ã¦ããñ.ŒãÀñ ¦ãÀ ¦¾ããÞãã ‚ã©ãà `•ãÌãß •ããÌãî¶ã ºãÔã¥ãñ' ƒ¦ã‡ãŠãÞã Öãñ¦ããñ; ¦ã©ãããä¹ã ¶ãâ¦ãÀ `ãäÎãÓ¾ãã¶ãñ ØãìÁ•ãÌãß ‚㣾ã¾ã¶ããÔããŸãè Ìãã „¹ãªñÎã ãä½ãßãäÌ㥾ããÔããŸãè •ããÌãî¶ã ºãÔã¥ãñ' ‚ãÔãã ‚ã©ãà ¢ããÊãã.¦¾ãã¹ããÔãî¶ã `ØãìÀì•ãÌãß •ãㅶ㠺ãÔãʾããÌãÀ ãä½ãߥããÀãè ãäÌã²ãã, ¦ã¦Ìã—ãã¶ã, ãäÌãÞããÀ' ‚ãÔãã ‚ã©ãà ºã¶ãÊãã.Öã ãäÌãÞããÀ `ÀÖÔ¾ã㦽ã‡ãŠ' ‚ãÔãʾãã½ãìßñ `„¹ããä¶ãÓãªá' ¾ããÞãã ‚ã©ãà `ÀÖÔ¾ã, Øãî¤ ãäÌãÞããÀ' ‚ãÔãã ¢ããËã.‡ãŠãÊããâ¦ãÀã¶ãñ „¹ããä¶ãÓ㪠Öã Î㺪 ÀÖÔ¾ã㦽ã‡ãŠ ãäÌãÞããÀ †‡ãŠ¨ã ØãÆãä©ã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããâ¦ã ‚ããËñʾãã ØãÆâ©ããâ¶ãã „ªááªñÍãî¶ã Ìãã¹ãÀÊãã ØãñÊãã. ½ãù‡ã‹Ôã½¾ãîËÀÞ¾ãã ½ã¦ãñ `„¹ããä¶ãÓãª' Î㺪ãÞãã ‚ã©ãà ÖßîÖßî ºãªÊã¦ã ØãñÊãã. Öñ Ôãâ‰ãŠ½ã¥ã ``ãäÌã²ã㩾ããÄÞãã ÌãØãà ãä¶ã:Ôããè½ã Ñ㣪ã Ô㦾㠪õÌããè ãäÌãÞããÀãÞãã ‚ãããäÌãÓ‡ãŠãÀ '' ¾ãã Àãè¦ããè¶ãñ ¢ããËñËñ ‚ããÖñû ‚ããñÊ¡ñ¶ãºãØãà 3 ¾ããâ¶ãã Öã Î㺪 `„¹ããÔã¶ãã' ¾ãã Î㺪ãÎããé ãä¶ãØãã䡦㠂ãÔããÌãã ‚ãÔãò Ìã㛦ãòû ¡¾ãîÔãñ¶ã 4Þ¾ãã ½ã¦ãñ ``ÀÖÔ¾ã㦽ã‡ãŠ Î㺪

3½ãù‡ã‹Ôã½¾ãîËÀ ¹ãƽãã¥ãñÞã ªìÔãÀñ ÔãâÔ‡ãŠð¦ã Ìã ¹ããÊããè ¼ããÓãã ‚ã¼¾ããÔã‡ãŠ Ìã ¼ããÓããÍããÔ¨ã—ã ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ¹ãÆãñ¹ãŠñÔãÀ Ö½ãö㠂ããñÊ¡ñ¶ãºãØãà (31 ‚ããù‡ãŠá›ãñºãÀ 1854¦ãñ 18 ½ããÞãà 1920) .ºã죪 £ã½ãà ‚ãããä¥ã ¦ã§Ìã—ãã¶ããÞãã ‚ã¼¾ããÔã ¦¾ããâ¶ããè ½ãîß ¹ããÊããè ØãÆâ©ããâÌãÀî¶ã ‡ãŠñÊãã. 1881 ½ã£¾ãñ ¦¾ããâÞããè ºããõ£ª£ã½ããÃÌãÀãèÊã ½ãÖ¦ÌããÞããè ¹ãìÔ¦ã‡ãŠñ ¹ãƇãŠããäÍã¦ã ¢ããÊããè.¦ãñ •ã½ãöããè¦ã ãäÌ㪿ãã¹ããèŸãâ½ã£¾ãñ ¹ãÆãñ¹ãŠñÔãÀ Öãñ¦ãñ.

S.Y.B.A. Special 1 Revised Study Material 2012

Title Of The Paper : Indian Philosophical Approaches

Unit 1: Upnishadic Philosophy

Prof. Shriniwas Hemade,hodhilosophy@sangamnercollege.org, 9226 56 30 52

Page 4 of 17

4 4

ÀÖÔ¾ã㦽ã‡ãŠ ØãÆâ©ã ÀÖÔ¾ã㦽ã‡ãŠ ãäÌãÞããÀ '' ‚ãÔãò ‚ã©ãÃÔãâ‰ãŠ½ã¥ã ¢ããËñËò ‚ãÔããÌãñ. Œãìÿ ºãÆãÚã¥ã ØãÆâ©ããâ¦ãÞã `„¹ããä¶ãÓãªá` Öã Î㺪 `ÀÖÔ¾ã㦽ã‡ãŠ ‚ã©ãÃ, ÔããÀ¼ãî¦ã ‚ã©ãà ¾ãã ‚ã©ããê ¾ããñ•ã¥¾ããâ¦ã ‚ããÊãã ‚ããÖñ. (Îã¦ã¹ã©ã ºãÆãÚã¥ã 3.5.12, 4.5.1, 5.1.1û)û ºãðÖªãÀ¥¾ã‡ãŠ „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¦ã `ƒãä¦ãÖãÔã: ¹ãìÀã¥ãâãäÌã²ãã „¹ããä¶ãÓãª: ÎËãñ‡ãŠã: ' (2.4.10) ‚ãÔãñ ½Öâ›Êãñ ‚ãÔãî¶ã ¾ãñ©ãñ „¹ããä¶ãÓãªá Öã Î㺪 `ØãÆâ©ã' ¾ãã ‚ã©ããöãñ Ìãã¹ãÀÊãã ‚ããÖñ. Îãâ‡ãŠÀãÞãã¾ããĶããè ½ã쥡‡ãŠ „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãÌãÀãèË ‚ãã¹ãʾãã ¼ããÓ¾ããâ¦ã `‚ããäÌã²ãñÞãã ¶ããÎã ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀò —ãã¶ã, ºãÆÚã—ãã¶ã ‡ãŠÁ¶ã ªñ¥ããÀò —ãã¶ã, ¦ããÀ‡ãŠ —ãã¶ã' ‚ãÔãã ¾ãã Î㺪ãÞãã ‚ã©ãà ‡ãñŠËã ‚ããÖñû ¾ãã ÔãÌãà ãäÌãÌãñÞã¶ããÌãÁ¶ã `‚ãâãä¦ã½ã Ô㦾ããÞãâñ —ãã¶ã ‡ãŠÁ¶ã ªñ¥ããÀãè ÀÖÔ¾ã㦽ã‡ãŠ ãäÌã²ãã Ìã ¦ããè ªñ¥ããÀñ ØãâÆ©ã `ƒ¦ã‡ãŠã ‚ã©ãà „¹ããä¶ãÓãªá ¾ãã Î㺪ã¹ããÔãî¶ã Üãñ¥¾ããÔã ÖÀ‡ãŠ¦ã ¶ããÖãè. •ã춾ãã ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¼ããÓ¾ã‡ãŠãÀãâ¶ããè `„¹ããä¶ãÓãªá' ¾ãã Î㺪ãÞãã ÌãñØãÌãñØãß¾ãã ¹ãƇãŠãÀò ‚ã©ãà ËãÌãËã ‚ããÖñ.¹ãÀâ¦ãì, ¦¾ããâ¶ããé ‡ãñŠËñËãé ‚ã©ãÃãäÌãÌãÀ¥ãñ †ñãä¦ãÖããäÔã‡ãŠÒÓ›¾ãã ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ¼ããÓããÎããÔ¨ãÒÓ›¾ãã ãä¶ãªãóÓã ½Ö¥ã¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ã ¶ããÖãè¦ã. ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã, ¦¾ãã ¼ããÓ¾ã‡ãŠãÀãâ¶ããè ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠãßãé •ããñ ‚ã©ãà ¹ãÆ㹦㠢ããËã, ¦ããñÞã ¾ãã Î㺪ãËã ãäÞã‡ãŠ›ãäÌãËã. ãäÎãÌãã¾ã †‡ãŠÞã ¼ããÓ¾ã‡ãŠãÀ ¦¾ãã Î㺪ãÞ¾ãã ̾ã즹㦦ããèÞãñ ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ ¹ã¾ããþ㠪ñ¦ããñ. ½Ö¥ã•ãñÞã ¼ããÓ¾ã‡ãŠãÀ ãä¶ããäÎÞã¦ã ‚ã©ãà ÔããâØã¦ã ¶ãÔãî¶ã, ¦¾ããËã ‡ãñŠÌãß Ôãâ¼ãÌã¶ããè¾ã Ìã㛥ããÀñ ‚ã©ãà ªñ¦ã ‚ããÖñ. Ôãã½ã㶾ã¦ã: `„¹ããä¶ãÓãªá' Î㺪 Öã `ÀÖÔ¾ã' ãä‡ãâŠÌãã `Øã칦ã' ¾ãã ‚ã©ããöãò Ìãã¹ãÀËñËã ‚ããÖñ.ÖãÞã ½ãîß ‚ã©ãà ‚ãÔããÌãã. ̾ã즹ãã䦦ãÒÓ›¾ãã, „¹ããä¶ãÓãªá ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ãä¶ã = †‡ãŠãØãÆ ãäÞ㦦ãã¶ãò ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ¼ããä‡ã‹¦ã¹ãîÌãÇãŠ, „¹ã=•ãÌãß, Ôãªá=ºãÔã¥ãñ. ‡ãŠãËãâ¦ãÀã¶ãò ¦¾ããÞãã ‚ã©ãà `‚ãÎãã ŒããÔãØããè ºãõŸ‡ãŠãè½ã£¾ãò ‡ãñŠËñËã Øã칦㠄¹ãªñÎã' ‚ãÔãã ‡ãñŠËã ØãñËã. ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÌãÁ¶ã Öò Ô¹ãÓ› ãäªÔã¦ãò ‡ãŠãé, ¾ãã `„¹ããä¶ãÓãªá' ØãÆâ©ããâ¦ããèË „¹ãªñÎã Øãî¤ ÔÌãÁ¹ããÞãã ½ãã¶ãËñËã Öãñ¦ãã, ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ã¶ããä£ã‡ãŠãÀãè ̾ã‡ã‹¦ããé‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ¦¾ããÞãã ãäÌã¹ãÀãè¦ã ‚ã©ãà ËãÌãËã •ããƒÃË ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ¦¾ããÞãã ªìÁ¹ã¾ããñØã ÖãñƒÃË ½Ö¥ãî¶ã ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã¹ã¾ãö¦ã ¦ããñ •ãã…â ¶ã¾ãñ ¾ããºããºã¦ã ãäÌãÎãñÓã ªàã¦ãã Üãñ¦ãËãè ØãñËãè Öãñ¦ããèû „ªãÖÀ¥ãã©ãÃ, ¹ãÆζããñ¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¦ã ‚ãÎããè ‡ãŠ©ãã ‚ããÖñ ‡ãŠãé, †‡ãŠã ©ããñÀ ¨ãÉÓããé‡ãŠ¡ñ ‚ãâãä¦ã½ã Ô㦾ã—ãã¶ããÔããŸãè ÔãÖã ãäÎãÓ¾ã ØãñËñ. ¹ãÀâ¦ãì ‚ã£¾ãã¹ã¶ããÔã ¹ãÆãÀâ¼ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¹ãîÌããê, ¦¾ãã ¨ãÉÓããé¶ããè ÔãÌãà ãäÎãÓ¾ããâ¶ãã †‡ãŠ ÌãÓãüãÀ ‚ãã¹ãʾãã Ôã½ãÌãñ¦ã ÀãÖ¥¾ããÔã ÔããâãäØã¦ãËñ. ‡ãŠŸãñ¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¦ããäÖ, ½ãð¦¾ãî¶ãâ¦ãÀ ‚ã㦽ãã ‚ããäÔ¦ã¦Ìããâ¦ã ‚ãÔã¦ããñ ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ¶ããÖãé ¾ãã ¹ãÆζããâãäÌãÓã¾ããè ¶ããäÞã‡ãñŠ¦ãÔãá •ãñÌÖãâ ãä•ã—ããÔãã ̾ã‡ã‹¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ããñ, ¦ãòÌÖãâ ‚ãã¹ãʾãã ¦ãÁ¥ã ¹ãðÞœ‡ãŠãÞ¾ãã ºã죪ãèÞããè Îã죪¦ãã ‚ãããä¥ã Ôãã½ã©¾ãà ¾ããâÞããè ‡ãŠÔããñ›ãè Üãñ¦ãʾãã¶ãâ¦ãÀÞã ¾ã½ã ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆζããâÞãñ „¦¦ãÀ ªñ¦ããñ. ¾ãã¦ã ãäÎãÓ¾ããâÞããè ¹ãã¨ã¦ãã ¹ããÀŒãî¶ã ¹ããÖ¥¾ããÞãã „ÿñÎã Öãñ¦ãã,Öñ „Üã¡ ‚ããÖñ. ¹ãã¨ãã¹ãã¨ã¦ãñÞãã ãäÌãÞããÀ ¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ããâ ÔãÌããĶãã ‚ãâãä¦ã½ã Ô㦾ããÞãò —ãã¶ã ªñ¥¾ããÔã ØãìÀì ¦ã¾ããÀ ¶ãÔã¥ãñ, Öãè ØããñÓ› ‡ãñŠÌãß ¼ããÀ¦ããâ¦ãÞã Öãñ¦ããè ‚ãÔãò ¶ããÖãé; ¦ãÀ ¦ããè ÔãÌãÃÞã ¹ãÆãÞããè¶ã ½ãã¶ãÌããâ½ã£¾ãò Öãñ¦ããèû „ªãÖÀ¥ãã©ãà ¹ãÆãÞããè¶ã ØãÆãèÔã ¦ã§Ìã—ã ÖñÀù‡ã‹Ëã¾ã›Ôã ½Ö¥ã¦ããñ ‡ãŠãè ``•¾ããâ¶ãã ÔãìÌã¥ãà ÖÌãò ‚ãÔãñË ¦¾ããâ¶ããé ¦¾ããÔããŸãé Œã¥ã¥¾ããÞãò Ñã½ã ‡ãñŠËñ ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ¦ã, ¶ããÖãé¹ãñàããâ ¦¾ããâ¶ããé ¦ãð¥ããÌãÀÞã Ôã½ãã£ãã¶ã ½ãã¶ãËò ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ''û ¹ãÆãÞããè¶ã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¶ãâ¦ãÀÖãè ºãÀãÞã ‡ãŠãß `„¹ããä¶ãÓãª' ¾ãã Í㺪ãÞãã Ìãã¹ãÀ ‡ãŠÀî¶ã ‡ãŠãÖãè ØãÆâ©ããâÞããè ãä¶ããä½ãæããè ¢ããÊããè.½ãìÔÊããè½ã ‡ãŠãßã¦ã ƒÔÊãã½ãÞãã ¹ãƼããÌã ¹ã¡î¶ã ‚ãÊÊããñ¹ããä¶ãÓ㪠ÀÞãÊãñ ØãñÊãñ.¶ãâ¦ãÀ ÀÔããñ¹ããä¶ãÓãª,Øã¼ããñùããä¶ãÓ㪠‚ãÔãñ ØãÆâ©ã ¦ã¾ããÀ Öãñ¦ã ØãñÊãñ. „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ½ã£¾ãñ ‡ãŠãâÖãé ã䟇ãŠã¥ããè ËÖã¶ã, ¹ãÀâ¦ãì ÔããÀãä¶ãÌãñª¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀãè, Ôãî¨ããâÞ¾ãã ÔÌãÁ¹ããÞããé Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãñ ÌããÀâÌããÀ ‚ãã¤ß¦ãã¦ãû.„ªÖãÀ¥ãã©ãà `¦ã¦Ìã½ããäÔãý' `¦ãî ¦ãñ ‚ããÖñÔã'', `‚ãÖ½ãá ºãÆÚãããäÔ½ã'. ¾ãã ÌãÞã¶ããâ¶ãã ½ãÖãÌãã‡ãŠ¿ãñ ½Ö¥ã¦ãã¦ã.¦¾ãã

4 28 ‚ããù‡ãŠá›ãñºãÀ 1900ãä¦ãÔãÀñ •ã½ãöããèÞãñ ÔãâÔ‡ãŠð¦ã ‚ã¼¾ããÔã‡ãŠ ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãâ¡ãè¦ã ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ¹ããùÊã •ãñ‡ãŠºã ¡¿ãîÔãñ¶ã (07 •ãã¶ãñÌããÀãè 1845 ¦ãñ 06 •ãìÊãõ 1919).‚ããù©ãÃÀ Íããù¹ã¶ãñÖãùÌãÀ ¾ãã ¦ã§ÌãÌãñ§¾ããÞãã ¦¾ããÞ¾ããÌãÀ Œãî¹ã ½ããñŸã ¹ãƼããÌã Öãñ¦ãã.¦ãñ ¹ãŠÆñ¡ãäÀ‡ãŠ ¶ããè¦Íãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ÔÌãã½ããè ãäÌãÌãñ‡ãŠã¶ã⪠¾ããâÞãñ ãä½ã¨ã Öãñ¦ãñ.¡¿ãîÔãñ¶ã ¾ããâÞ¾ãã½ãìßñ ãäºãÆ›ãèÍã ¼ããÀ¦ã, ƒâØÊãâ¡, ¹ãŠÆã¶Ôã ‚ãããä¥ã •ã½ãöããè¦ã ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ÔãâÔ‡ãŠð¦ããèãäÌãÓã¾ããè Øãâ¼ããèÀ ãäÞãâ¦ã¶ã ÔãìÀì ¢ããÊãñ.ãäÖâªì£ã½ããÃÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆñ½ãã¹ããñ›ãè ¦¾ããâ¶ããè ÔÌã¦ã:Þãñ ¶ããÌã ' ªñÌãÔãñ¶ã ' ‚ãÔãñ ‡ãŠñÊãñ Öãñ¦ãñ.

S.Y.B.A. Special 1 Revised Study Material 2012

Title Of The Paper : Indian Philosophical Approaches

Unit 1: Upnishadic Philosophy

Prof. Shriniwas Hemade,hodhilosophy@sangamnercollege.org, 9226 56 30 52

Page 5 of 17

5 5

Ìãã‡ãŠ¿ããâÞ¾ãã ãäÍãàã¥ãã¶ãñ ‚ãâãä¦ã½ã Ô㦾ãã¹ãƦ㠕ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¦ãñ.Ôãâàãñ¹ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ Öñ ¦ã§ÌããäÌãÞããÀ ‚ããÖñ¦ã.¦¾ãã½ãìßñ ¾ãã ½ãÖãÌãã‡ãŠ¿ããâ¶ãã Ôã죪ã `„¹ããä¶ãÓãªá' Öñ ¶ããÌã ãäªËñËò ‚ããÖñû

Hermann Oldenberg

(October 31, 1854 - March 18, 1920)

a German scholar of Indology,

and Professor at Kiel (1898)

and Göttingen(1908)

.

„¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞãã ‡ãŠãß Ìã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞãñ ÌãØããèÇãŠÀ¥ã : ¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã Ìã ‚ã¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã Ìãõã䪇㊠ÔãããäÖ¦¾ããâ¦ã ‚ã¶ãì‡ãŠÆ½ãñ Ìãõã䪇㊠ÔãâãäÖ¦ãã, ºãÆãÚã¥ãñ Ìã ‚ããÀ¥¾ã‡ãŠñ ¾ããâÞ¾ãã¶ãâ¦ãÀ „¹ããä¶ãÓãªò ¾ãñ¦ãã¦ã. ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ¦ããè ¦¾ãã ¦¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊãã¦ã ¦¾ãã ‡ãŠÆ½ãã¶ãñ ãä¶ã½ããÃ¥ã Öãñ¦ã ØãñÊããè.„¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞãã ‡ãŠãß Ôãã½ã㶾ã¦ã: ƒ.Ôã.¹ãî. 1200 ¦ãñ ƒ.Ôã.¹ãî. 600 ‚ããÖñ, ‚ãÔãñ ‚ãã£ãìãä¶ã‡ãŠ ÔãâÍããñ£ã¶ããÌãÀî¶ã ãä¶ããäÍÞã¦ã ‡ãŠñÊãñ ‚ããÖñ.Ìãõã䪇㊠Ôãî§ãŠñ ÀÞãî¶ã ¢ããʾãã¶ãâ¦ãÀ ‚ãããä¥ã ºããõ£ª£ã½ããÃÞ¾ãã (ƒ.Ôã.¹ãî. 600) „ª¾ããÞ¾ãã ªÀ½¾ãã¶ã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªñ ÀÞãÊããè ØãñÊããè ‚ãÔããÌããè¦ã. ‚ã©ããæ㠇ãŠãÊã‡ãŠÆ½ã ŸÀãäÌã¥ãñ ‡ãŠã䟥ã, ½Ö¥ãî¶ã ÌããªØãÆԦ㠂ããÖñ.¦ã©ãããä¹ã ‡ãŠãÖãè ‚ãã£ããè ÀÞãÊããè ØãñÊããè ¦ãÀ ‡ãŠãÖãè ¶ãâ¦ãÀ ÀÞãÊããè ØãñÊããè. ¾ãã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞããè Ôã⌾ãã ºãÀãèÞã ½ããñŸãè, •ãÌãß-•ãÌãß ªãñ¶ãÎãñÞ¾ãã ‚ããÔã¹ããÔã ‚ãÎããè ½ãã¶ãËãè •ãã¦ãñû ÔãÌãÃÔãã½ã㶾ã¹ã¥ãò ¦¾ãã¹ãõ‡ãŠãè 108 „¹ããä¶ãÓãªñ ¹ãƽãã¥ã¼ãî¦ã ½ãã¶ãËãé •ãã¦ãã¦ã.¦¾ããâ¦ããäÖ ºããÀã-¦ãñÀã „ãä¶ãÓãªãâ¶ããâÞã ŒãÀñŒãìÀñ ½ãÖ¦Ìã ‚ããÖñû Ôãã£ããÀ¥ã¹ã¥ãñ ºããõ£ª£ã½ããÃÞ¾ãã ‚ãã£ããèÞ¾ãã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¶ãã ¹ãÆãÞããè¶ã ‚ãããä¥ã ¶ãâ¦ãÀÞ¾ãã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¶ãã ‚ãÌããÃÞããè¶ã ½Ö¥ã¥¾ããÞããè ¹ã£ª¦ã ‚ããÖñ.¦¾ãã¶ããâÞã ‚ã¶ãì‡ãŠÆ½ãñ ¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã Ìã ‚ã¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã ‚ãÍããè ¶ããÌãñ ‚ããÖñ¦ã.

¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªñ (1) ƒÃÎã (2) ‡ãñŠ¶ã (3)‡ãŠŸ (4) ¹ãÆζã (5) ½ã쥡‡ãŠ (6) ½ã㥡î‡ã‹¾ã (7) ¦ãõãä§ããÀè¾ã

(8) †ñ¦ãÀñ¾ã (9) œã¶ªãñؾã (10) ºãðÖªãÀ¥¾ã‡ãŠ (11) ÎÌãñ¦ããÎÌã¦ãÀ (12) ½ãõ¨ãã¾ã¥ããè (13) ‡ãŠãõãäÓã¦ã‡ãŠãè

Öãè „¹ããä¶ãÓãªñ ½ãÖ¦ÌããÞããè ½ãã¶ãËãè •ãã¦ãã¦ãû ¦ã¦Ìã—ãã¶ããÞ¾ãã ÒÓ›ãè¶ãñ ÖãèÞã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªñ ¹ãÆããä¦ããä¶ããä£ã‡ãŠ Ìã ‚ãã£ããÀ¼ãî¦ã ‚ããÖñ¦ã. ¦¾ãã½ãìßñ ¾ãã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªã¶ãã `¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªñ' ½Öâ›Êãñ •ãã¦ãñ.ƒ¦ãÀ „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¶ãã `‚ã¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªñ' ½Ö¥ã¦ãã¦ã. `¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã' „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¦ã ‚ããËñËã ãäÌãÞããÀÞã `‚ã¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã' „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¦ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãäÔã¦ã ¢ããËñËã ‚ããÖñ. Öãè `¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã' „¹ããä¶ãÓãªñ Ìãõã䪇㊠Ìããݽã¾ããÎããè ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ÔãâãäÖ¦ãã Ìã ºãÆãÚã¥ãØãÆâ©ããâÎããè ãä¶ãØãã䡦㠂ããÖñ¦ã, ¦ãÀ ‚ã¹ãÆ£ãã¶ã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªñ Öãè ¹ãìÀã¥ã Ìã ¦ãâ¨ã ¾ããâÞ¾ããÎããè ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ ãä¶ãØãã䡦㠂ããÖñ¦ã. „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞããè ÖãèÞã ÌãØãÃÌããÀãè ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¦ã¦Ìã—ãã¶ããÞ¾ãã ÒÓ›ãè¶ãñ ½ãÖ¦ÌããÞããè ‚ããÖñ.

S.Y.B.A. Special 1 Revised Study Material 2012

Title Of The Paper : Indian Philosophical Approaches

Unit 1: Upnishadic Philosophy

Prof. Shriniwas Hemade,hodhilosophy@sangamnercollege.org, 9226 56 30 52

Page 6 of 17

6 6

ÌãØããèÇ㊠À¥ããÞãñ ãä¶ã‡ãŠÓã ‚ã¼¾ããÔã‡ãŠãâ¶ããè ¹ãÆãÞããè¶ã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªò Ìã ‚ãÌããÃÞããè¶ã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªò ¾ãã¦ããèÊã ¹ãŠÀ‡ãŠ ãä¶ããäÍÞã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‡ãŠãÖãè ãä¶ã‡ãŠÓã ½ãã¶ãËñ ‚ããÖñ¦ã.¦ãñ ‚ãÔãñ : (1) ¼ããÓããÎãõËãè, ÊãñŒã¶ãÍãõÊããè,Î㺪-Ôãâ¹ã§ããè, ̾ãã‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞããè ÌãõãäÎãÓ›¿ãñ (2) „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¦ããèÊã ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã,¦ãããä¦Ìã‡ãŠ ãäÌãÞããÀ ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ããâÞãñ ãäÌã‡ãŠãäÔã¦ã ÔÌãÁ¹ã,¦¾ããâÞãñ ƒ¦ãÀ ¦ã¹ããäÎãË ƒ. (3) †.ºããè.‡ãŠãè©ã 5 ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ½ã¦ãñ ¹ãì¶ã•ãö½ã Ìã ÔãâÔããÀ¼ãƽã¥ã ¾ãã ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ããâÞãñ ‚ããäÔ¦ã¦Ìã Ìã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã Öã ãä¶ã‡ãŠÓã. (4) „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¦ã „ÊÊãñãäŒãËñËãé `‚ãÌã¦ãÀ¥ãñ', ãäÌãÎãñÓã¦ã: ¹ãÀÔ¹ãÀÔãâºãâ£ããÌãÀ ¹ãƇãŠãÎã ›ã‡ãŠ¥ããÀãé ‚ãÌã¦ãÀ¥ãñ (5) ¡¿ãîÔãñ¶ã 6 Þ¾ãã ½ã¦ãñ , Ø㪿ã Ì㠹㪿ã Öãè „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞããè ÊãñŒã¶ãÍãõÊããè ‚ã©ããæ㠾ããâ¦ããèË ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦ããèÖãè †‡ãŠ ‡ãŠÔããñ›ãè ãä¶ã¥ããþã‡ãŠ ‚ãÎãã ÔÌãÁ¹ããÞããè ¶ããÖãè Ìã ¦¾ãã½ãìßñÞã ¾ãã ÔãÌãà ‡ãŠÔããñ›¾ãã Ìãã¹ãÁ¶ããäÖ ‡ãŠã¤ËñËñ ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠÓãà Öñ ãäºã¶ãÞãî‡ãŠ Ìã ÔãÌãéãã ãäÌãÎÌãÔã¶ããè¾ã ‚ãÔã¦ãã¦ã ‚ãÔãò ½Ö¥ã¦ããâ ¾ãñ¦ã ¶ããÖãèû Ôãì¹ãÆãäÔ㣪 ¦ã¦ÌãÌãñ§ãñ Ìã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞãñ Øãã¤ñ ‚ã¼¾ããÔã‡ãŠ ¡ãùû ØãìÀìªñÌã Àã.ª.Àã¶ã¡ñ7 ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ½ã¦ãã¹ãƽãã¥ãñ ÌãÀãèÊã ¦ãñÀã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞãñ ‡ãŠãˉ㊽ãÒÓ›¾ãã ¹ããâÞã ÌãØãà ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ãã¦ã : (1) ºãðÖªãÀ¥¾ã‡ãŠ Ì㠜㶪ãñؾ㠄¹ããä¶ãÓãªñ (2) ƒÃÎã Ìã ‡ãñŠ¶ã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªñ. (3) ÌãØããĦ㠆ñ¦ãÀñ¾ã, ¦ãõã䦦ãÀãè¾ã Ìã ‡ãŠãõÓããè¦ã‡ãŠãè „¹ããä¶ãÓãªñ. (4) ‡ãŠŸ, ½ã쥡‡ãŠ, ÎÌãñ¦ããÎÌã¦ãÀ „¹ããä¶ãÓãªñ. (5) ¹ãÆζã, ½ãõ¨ãã¾ã¥ããè Ìã ½ã㥡î‡ã‹¾ã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªñ -

1.1 : „¹ããä¶ãÓãªã¦ããèË ãäÌããäÌã£ã¦ãã ‚ãããä¥ã †‡ãŠ ¦ãã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªñ ÀÞ㥾ããÞããè ¹ãÆãä‡ãŠÆ¾ãã ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ Íã¦ã‡ãŠñ Öãñ¦ã Öãñ¦ããè.¹ãÆãÞããè¶ã ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã „¹ãŒãâ¡ãÞ¾ãã ãäÌããäÌã£ã ¼ããØãã¦ã ÀãÖ¥ããžãã ¨ãÉÓããè½ãì¶ããèâ¶ããè ‚ãã¹ã‚ãã¹ãʾãã ‡ãŠãÊãŒãâ¡ã¦ã ¦ããè ÀÞãÊããè.†‡ãŠãÞã Ìãñßãè †‡ãŠãÞã ̾ããä§ãŠ¶ãñ ‚ã©ãÌãã ‡ãŠãÖãè ̾ããä§ãŠââ¶ããè ‚ã©ãÌãã ¹ãÀÔ¹ãÀ ÔãÖ‡ãŠã¾ããöãñ ¦ããè ÀÞãÊããè,‚ãÔãñ Üã¡ÊãñÊãñ ¶ããÖãè.¾ãã ãäÌãÞããÀãâÞãñ ãä¶ã½ããæãñ ÌãñØãÌãñØãß¿ãã ‡ãŠãÊãã¦ããèÊã, ãäÌããäÌã£ã ¼ãî¼ããØãã¦ããèÊã,ãä¼ã¶¶ã ½ã¦ããâÞãñ, ÔãâÔ‡ãŠãÀãâÞãñ, Ìãð§ããèÞãñ, ÔÌã¼ããÌããÞãñ,ªðãäÓ›‡ãŠãñ¶ããâÞãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌããäÌã£ã ÌãõÞãããäÀ‡ãŠ àã½ã¦ãã ‚ãÔã¥ããÀñ Öãñ¦ãñ. „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞããè ÀÞã¶ãã ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ Íã¦ã‡ãŠñ Öãñ¦ã ÀããäÖʾãã¶ãñ „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ½ã£¾ãñ ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ Îã¦ã‡ãŠãâÞãã, ¦ã¦ÌããäÞãâ¦ã‡ãŠãâÞ¾ãã ãä¹ã¤¾ããâÞãã, ¦¾ããÞã¹ãƽãã¥ãñ ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ ¦ã¦ÌããäÞãâ¦ã‡ãŠãâÞãã ãäÌãÞããÀ ‚ããËñËã ‚ããÖñ. ¦¾ãã½ãìßñ „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ½ã£¾ãñ ¹ãŠãÀ ½ããñŸãè ãäÌããäÌã£ã¦ãã, ãä¼ã¶¶ã¦ãã ‚ãã¤ß¦ãñ. 5 Arthur Berriedale Keith (1879–1944) a Scottish constitutional lawyer, scholar of Sanskrit and Indologist. He

became Regius Professor of Sanskrit and Lecturer in Constitutional History in the University of Edinburgh.

6 Paul Jakob Deussen (January 7, 1845 – July 6, 1919) a German Orientalist and Sanskritscholar.

Influenced by Arthur Schopenhauer and a friend of Friedrich Nietzsche and Swami Vivekananda.

Deussen, who 'Sanskritised' his name to ‘Deva-Sena’ as a mark of his admiration for Hinduism. 7 „¹ããä¶ãÓ㪠ÀÖÔ¾ã - ØãìÀìªñÌã Àã. ª. Àã¶ã¡ñ , ¼ããÓããâ¦ãÀ : ¹ãÆã. ‡ãŠð.Ìãñ.Øã•ãñ¶ªÆØ㡇ãŠÀ,¹ãã¶ã 13-14, 36‚ã¶ãã©ã ãäÌ㪿ãããä©ãà ØãðÖ, ¹ãì¥ãñ 1932

S.Y.B.A. Special 1 Revised Study Material 2012

Title Of The Paper : Indian Philosophical Approaches

Unit 1: Upnishadic Philosophy

Prof. Shriniwas Hemade,hodhilosophy@sangamnercollege.org, 9226 56 30 52

Page 7 of 17

7 7

ÔãÌãà „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¶ããè ãä½ãßî¶ã †‡ãŠÞã-†‡ãŠ ãäÌãÞããÀ Ìãã ¦ã¦Ìã¹ãÆ¥ããËãè ãä‡ãŠâÌãã Ôãì̾ãÌããäÔ©ã¦ã ãäÔ㣪㶦㠹㣪¦ãÎããèÀ Àãè¦ããè¶ãñ ½ããâ¡Ëã ‚ããÖñ ‚ãÔãñ ãäªÔã¦ã ¶ããÖãèû ¾ãã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ½ã£¾ãñ †‡ãŠ ãäÌããäÍãÓ› `ªÎãöã' ½ããâ¡Êãñ ‚ããÖñ, ‚ãÔãñÖãè ¶ããÖãè. „Êã› ¦¾ãã¦ã ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ ãäÌãÓã¾ããÌãâÀ ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌããäÌã£ã ½ã¦ãñ ‚ãã¤ß¦ãã¦ã. †Ìã¤ñÞã ¶ãÌÖñ ¦ãÀ ¹ãÀÔ¹ãÀ ãäÌãÀ죪 ãäÌãÞããÀ ½ããâ¡Ê¾ããÞãñÖãè ‚ãã¤ß¦ãñ. „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞãñ †‡ãŠ ½ãîÊã¼ãî¦ã ÌãõãäÍãÓ›¿ã ‚ãÔãñ ‡ãŠãè „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ½ã£¾ãñ ¹ãì¤ñ ãä¶ã½ããå㠢ããËñʾãã ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ ªÎãöããâ¶ãã ½ãî˼ãî¦ã ŸÀËñËò Ìã „¹ã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã ¢ããËñËñ ‚ãÔãñ ãäÌãÞããÀ£ã¶ã ¼ãÀ¹ãîÀ ‚ããÖñ; ¹ãÀâ¦ãì „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¶ãã 'ÔÌã¦ã:Þãñ ÔÌã¦ãâ¨ã ªÎãöã' ¶ããÖãèû ¦ã©ãããä¹ã ãäÌãÞããÀ‡ãŠ¦¾ããà ¨ãÉÓããè½ãì¶ããè¶ããè „¦Ô¹ããà ãäÌãÞããÀ ½ããâ¡ËñËñ ‚ãÔãʾãã½ãìßñ ¦¾ããâÞ¾ããâ¦ããèË ãäÌãÌãñÞã¶ãã½ã£¾ãñ †‡ãŠ ¹ãƇãŠãÀÞããè ‚ã©ãÃØã¼ãæãã ‚ããÊããè ‚ããÖñ.¦¾ãã¦ã ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠªã ÔãâãäªØ£ã¦ãã ‚ãã¤ß¦ãñ.¹ã¥ã ¦ããè ƒ¦ã‡ãŠãè Ôã½ã𣪠‚ããÖñ ‡ãŠãè ¦¾ãã ÔãâãäªØ£ã¦ãñ½ãìßñÞã ¶ãâ¦ãÀÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠãÊãã¦ããèÊã ‚ãããäª Îãâ‡ãŠÀãÞãã¾ãÃ, Àã•ãã¶ãì•ããÞãã¾ãà ãä‡ãŠâÌãã ÌãÊ˼ããÞãã¾ãà ‚ãããä¥ã õ¦ãÌããªãè ½ã£ÌããÞãã¾ãà Öñ ÔããÀñ ‚ããÞãã¾ãà ¦¾ããâ¶ãã ‚ã¹ãñãäàã¦ã ƒÓ› ¦ãÔãã ‚ã©ãà ‡ãŠã¤î Íã‡ãŠÊãñ. „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ½ã£¾ãñ ‚ããÊãñÊãñ ãäÌãÞããÀ ¹ã£ª¦ãÎããèÀ Àãè¦ããè¶ãñ, Œã⡶ã-½ã⡶㠹㣪¦ããè¶ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã †‡ãŠã¦½ã¦ãñÌãÀ Ìã ÔãìÔãâØã¦ã¦ãñÌãÀ Ëàã ŸñÌãî¶ã ‚ããËñËñ ¶ããÖãè¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã¦ã ¹ãÆÞãâ¡ ãäÌããäÌã£ã¦ãã ‚ãÔãÊããè ¦ãÀãè Öãè ‡ãŠãÖãè ºããºã¦ããè¦ã ½ãã¨ã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ½ã£¾ãñ Ôã½ãã¶ã ÌãõÞãããäÀ‡ãŠ Ôãî ã Íããñ£ã¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ãñ.„¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞãñ ÔÌã¦ã:Þãñ ÔÌã¦ãâ ã ¦ã¦Ìã—ãã¶ã ‚ããÖñ, ‚ãÔãò ‚ãã¹ã¥ã ½Ö¥ãîâ Îã‡ãŠ¦ããò.¦¾ãã¦ããèÊã Ôãã-¾ãã †‡ãŠãäÌãÞããÀãâ¦ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã Ìã ¹ãÆØã¦ããè ãäªÔã¦ãñû †‡ãŠ ½ã쌾㠼ãîãä½ã‡ãŠã ‚ãã¤ß¦ãñ. „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞãñ ÔÌã¦ã:Þãñ ‡ãŠãÖãè ½ãî˼ãî¦ã ãäÔ㣪㶦ã Ôãã¹ã¡¦ãã¦ã. ¾ãã ½ãî˼ãî¦ã ãäÔ㣪㶦ããâÞãñ ½ãÖ¦Ìã ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¦ã¦Ìã—ãã¶ããÞ¾ãã ƒãä¦ãÖãÔããÞ¾ãã ÒÓ›ãè¶ãñ ¹ãŠãÀ ½ããñŸò ‚ããÖñû ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ªÎãöããÞãã ãä‡ãŠâÌãã ¦ã¦Ìã—ãã¶ããÞãã ¾ãñ©ãñ ¹ãã¾ããÞã Üãã¦ãËã ØãñËã. †Ìã¤òÞã ¶ããÖãè ¦ãÀ, ¹ãì¤ãèÊã ‚ãØãªãè ãäÌã‡ãŠãäÔã¦ã ‡ãŠãßã¦ãÖãè ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ãäÌãÞããÀ „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ½ã£ããèÊã ãäÌãÞããÀãâÞ¾ãã¹ãËãè‡ãŠ¡ñ ¹ãŠãÀÔãã •ããÌãî Îã‡ãŠËã ¶ããÖãèû „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ½ã£ããèÊã •ããèÌã¶ãÒãäÓ›, ½ãã¶ãÌããÞãò ¾ã©ãã©ãà ÔÌãÁ¹ã, ‚ãâãä¦ã½ã Ô㦾ããÔãâºãâ£ããèÞããè ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã ¾ããâÔãâºãâ£ããèÞãñ ãäÌãÞããÀ ƒ¦ã‡ãñŠ „ÞÞã ª•ããÃÞãñ ‚ããÖñ¦ã ‡ãŠãè, ¦¾ãã½ãìßñ •ããØããä¦ã‡ãŠ ¦ã¦Ìã—ãã¶ã㦽ã‡ãŠ Ìããݽã¾ãã¦ã Ìã ãäÌãÞããÀãâ¦ã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¦ããèË ãäÌãÞããÀãâ¶ãã †‡ãŠ ‚ã¶ã¶¾ãÔãã£ããÀ¥ã ‚ãÔãò ½ãÖ¦ÌããÞãò Ô©ãã¶ã ‚ããÖñû ‚ãØãªãè ‚ãã£ãìãä¶ã‡ãŠ ¾ãìØãã¦ããäÖ ÎããÔ¨ã, ¦ã¦Ìã—ãã¶ã Ìã £ã½ãà ¾ãã ãä¦ãÜããâ¶ãããäÖ ½ã㶾ã Öãñ…¶ã ¦¾ããâ¶ãããäÖ ¹ãì¶ããè¦ã ‡ãŠÁâ Îã‡ãñŠË ƒ¦ã‡ãŠãè ÌãõÞãããäÀ‡ãŠ ¾ã©ãã©ãæãã Ìã ‚ã㣾ããã䦽ã‡ãŠ Ôãâ¹ã¸ã¦ãã ¾ãã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ½ã£¾ãñ ‚ããÖñ ‚ãããä¥ã Öò ¦¾ããâÞãò ãäÌãËãñ¼ã¶ããè¾ã ÌãõãäÎãÓ›¿ã ‚ããÖñû

„¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞããè ãäÌãÌãñÞã¶ã ¹ã£ª¦ããè

„¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞãñ ØãÆâ©ã ½ã쌾ã¦ã: ÔãâÌããªÁ¹ãã¶ãñ ãäËãäÖËñËñ ‚ããÖñ¦ãû ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ÎãõËãè½ã£¾ãñ ‡ãŠã̾ã㦽ã¦ããÞã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ ‚ããÖñû ¦¾ãã½ãìßñ ¦¾ãâã¶ãã ¦ã¦Ìã—ãã¶ã㦽ã‡ãŠ ‡ãŠã̾ãñ ‚ãÔãò ½Ö›Ëò ØãñËò ‚ããÖñû ¦¾ãã½ã£¾ãñ Òӛ㶦㠂ãããä¥ã Á¹ã‡ãŠ ½ãÖ¦ÌããÞãñ ‚ããÖñ.¦¾ããâÞããè ¼ããÓãã ‡ãŠãâÖãé ã䟇ãŠã¥ããè ¹ãƦããè‡ãŠã¦½ã‡ãŠ ‚ããÖñ ¹ã¥ã ¼ããÓãñÞ¾ãã À½ã¥ããè¾ã¦ãñËã ‡ãŠãñŸñãäÖ ºãã£ã ‚ããËñËã ¶ããÖãéû „¹ããä¶ãÓãªã¦ã Ôãî¨ã½ã¾ã ÎãõËãè Ôã죪㠂ããÖñ.¾ãã ÍãõÊããèÌãÁ¶ã ‚ãÔãñ ãäªÔã¦ãñ ‡ãŠãèû ½ããõãäŒã‡ãŠ ¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ã㪶ããÞ¾ãã Öñ¦ãî¶ãñÞã ¦¾ããâÞããè ÀÞã¶ãã ‡ãñŠËãè ØãñËãè Öãñ¦ããèû ¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ã㪶ããâ¦ã •ãñ©ãò ‡ãŠãâÖãé „¥ããèÌã ¼ããÔãñË ¦ãñ©ãò ̾ã㌾ã㦾ããËã ÔãÖ•ã ¼ãÁ¶ã ‡ãŠã¤¦ããâ ¾ãñ¦ã ‚ãÔãñ.¾ãã ÌãõãäÎãÓ›¾ãã½ãìßò †‡ãŠ ‚ã¡Þã¥ã ¾ãñ¦ãñ. ¦ããè ‚ãÍããè ‡ãŠãè „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ½ã£ããèÊã ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ „¦ãã-¾ããâÞãã ‚ã©ãà ËãÌã¥ãò Ôãì˼ã Öãñ¦ã ¶ããÖãè.¦¾ãã½ãìßñÞã ¹ãîÌããê •ãÔãñ ¾ãã „¦ãã-¾ããÞãñ ãä¼ã¸ã ãä¼ã¸ã ‚ã©ãà ËãÌãËñ •ãã¦ã ¦ãÔãñ ‚ãã•ããäÖ ËãÌãËñ •ãã¦ãã¦ãû ¦ã©ãããä¹ã, Öãè ÔãâãäªØ£ã¦ãã ‡ãñŠÌãß ¦ã¹ãÎããèËãÞ¾ãã ºããºã¦ããè¦ã ‚ããÖñ, ¦¾ããâÞãã Ôãã½ã㶾㠼ããÌãã©ãà ‚ãØãªãè ãä¶ã:ÔãâãäªØ£ã ‚ããÖñû Ìãñª-Ìããݽã¾ãã¹ãõ‡ãŠãè „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¶ããé ¹ãÀªñÎããè¾ããâÞãñ Ëàã ¹ãÆ©ã½ã Ìãñ£ãî¶ã Üãñ¦ãËòû ½ããñØãËãâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠãßãâ¦ã ¾ããâ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ãä‡ãŠ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞããé ¹ããäÎãþã¶ã ¼ããÓãñ¦ã ¼ããÓã㶦ãÀò ¢ããËãè.Øãñʾãã Îã¦ã‡ãŠãÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆãÀâ¼ããè ¹ããäÎãþã¶ã½ã£ãî¶ã Ëùã䛶㠼ããÓãñ¦ã Á¹ã㶦ãÀñ

S.Y.B.A. Special 1 Revised Study Material 2012

Title Of The Paper : Indian Philosophical Approaches

Unit 1: Upnishadic Philosophy

Prof. Shriniwas Hemade,hodhilosophy@sangamnercollege.org, 9226 56 30 52

Page 8 of 17

8 8

¢ããÊããè.¾ãîÀ¹ã½ã£ããèË ãäÌã´ã¶ããâ¶ãã ¾ãã Ëùã䛶ã Á¹ããâ¦ãÀãâÞ¾ãã ´ãÀãâÞã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞãã ¹ãÆ©ã½ã ¹ããäÀÞã¾ã ¢ããËã, ‚ãããä¥ã ¾ããÞã Á¹ããâ¦ãÀãâÌãÁ¶ã Îããù¹ãñ¶ãÖãù‚ãÀ8 ÔããÀŒãã ãäÌãÞããÀÌãâ¦ã ¦¾ããâÞããè ¹ãÆÎãâÔãã ‡ãŠÁ ËãØãËãû ‚ãËãè‡ãŠ¡ñ „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞããè ½ãîß ÔãâÔ‡ãðŠ¦ã½ã£ãî¶ã ¹ãããäÎÞã½ã㦾㠼ããÓããâ½ã£¾ãò ‚ãØããä¥ã¦ã ¼ããÓã㶦ãÀò ¢ããËãé ‚ããÖñ¦ãû „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¦ããèË ¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ãã²ã ãäÌãÓã¾ãã¶ãñãäÖâ ¹ãÀªñÎããè¾ã ãäÌã´ã¶ããâÞãò Ëàã Ìãñ£ãËò ‚ããÖñû Ôãã£ããÀ¥ã¹ã¥ãñ „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÌãñÞã¶ã¹ã£ª¦ããèÞãñ ¹ãƇãŠãÀ ¹ãì¤ãèÊã¹ãƽãã¥ãñ ÔããâØã¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ããèÊã 9 :

1. „¹ã½ãã¹ã£ª¦ããè : Ìã¥ãö㠇ãŠÀ¦ãã¶ãã „¹ã½ãã ªñ¥ãñ - ãäÌãÍÌã Öñ ½ããñŸñ Þã‡ãŠÆ ‚ããÖñ, ãä¨ãØãì¥ã Ûãã £ããÌãã ‚ããÖñ¦ã. .. ƒ.ƒ.

2. Ôãî¨ã¹ã£ª¦ããè : ½ããñŸñ ØãÖ¶ã ãäÌãÞããÀ Ôãî¨ã½ã¾ã ¼ããÓãñ¦ã ÔãâãØã¥ãñ - ‚ãÖâ ºãÆÚãããäÔ½ã .. .. 3. ̾ã즹ã§ããè ¹ã£ª¦ããè : Í㺪ãÞãñ ½ãîß ÔããâØã¥ãñ - ¹ãìÀìÓã = ¹ãìãäÀÍã¾ã ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ת¾ããÞ¾ãã ãä‡ãŠÊʾãã¦ã ÀãÖ¥ããÀã . 4. ªâ¦ã‡ãŠ©ã㦽㠹㣪¦ããè : Àî¹ã‡ãŠ/ ‡ãŠ©ãã ÔããâØã¥ãñ 5. Ôããªð;㠹㣪¦ããè : Ôããªð;㠪ãŒããäÌã¥ãñ - ¹ã㥾ãã¦ã ½ããèŸ ãäÌãÀÜãߦãñ ¦ãÔãñ ‚ã㦽ãã ¹ãÀ½ã㦽¾ãã¦ã Ôãã½ããÌãÊãã

•ãã¦ããñ. 6. ÔãâÌã㪠¹ã£ª¦ããè : ØãìÀì - ãäÍãӾ㠾ãã ªãñÜããâ½ã£ããèÊã ÔãâÌã㪠- ¾ã½ã Ìã ¶ããäÞã‡ãŠñ¦ãÔãá , ¾ãã—ãÌãʇ㊿ã - ½ãõ¨ãñ¾ããè .. 7. Ôã½ã¶Ìã¾ã ¹ã£ª¦ããè : ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦ããÖãè ãäÌãÞããÀ ¦¾ã㕾㠶㠽ãã¶ã¦ãã ¦¾ãã¦ããèÊã ÔããÀ Üãñ¥ãñ - ¶ããèÀàããèÀ ãäÌãÌãñ‡ãŠºã죪ãè 8. ‚ã㦽ãÔãâÌã㪠¹ã£ª¦ããè : ÔÌã¦ã:ÍããèÞã ºããñÊã¦ã ÀãÖ¥ãñ. 9. Ôã½ã¾ãÔãîÞã‡ãŠ ¹ã£ª¦ããè : ¹ãÆÔãâØãã¶ãìÀì¹ã „§ãÀ ªñ¥ãñ 10. ¹ãÆãä¦ãØãããä½ã‡ãŠ ¹ã£ª¦ããè : ¹ãÆͶããÞãñ „§ãÀ ªñ¦ãã¶ãã ½ããØããèÊã ¹ãÆͶããÍããè •ããñ¡¥ãñ.

Ìãñªãâ½ã£ããèÊ㠇㊽ãÇãŠãâ¡ ‚ãããä¥ã ¾ã—ããäÌã£ããèâÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÀãñ£ãã¦ãî¶ã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞããè ãä¶ããä½ãæããè Ìã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ¢ããÊãã.̾ãã¹ã‡ãŠ ‚ã©ããöãñ ºãÆãÚã¥ãØãÆâ©ããâÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÀ죪 „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¶ããè ºãâ¡ŒããñÀãèÞã ‡ãŠñÊããè Öãñ¦ããè. ºãÆãÚã¥ãØãÆâ©ããâ½ã£¾ãñ ‡ãŠ½ãÇãŠãâ¡ Ìã ¾ã—ããäÌã£ããèÞããè ½ãããäÖ¦ããè ‚ãÔãʾãã¶ãñ ‚ãã¹ã¥ã ¹ãÆ©ã½ã ¾ãã ºãÆãÚã¥ãØãâÆ©ããâÞãñ Ì㠇㊽ãÇãŠãâ¡ãÞãñ ÔÌãÀî¹ã ¹ããÖî.

Arthur Schopenhauer

(22 February 1788 – 21 September 1860)

a German philosopher known for

his pessimism and philosophical clarity.

At age 25,

he published his doctoral dissertation

8 ‚ããù©ãÃÀ Íããù¹ã¶ãñÖãùÌãÀ 1788 - 1860 •ã½ãö㠦ã§ÌãÌãñ§ãã 9 „¹ããä¶ãÓ㪠ÀÖÔ¾ã - ØãìÀìªñÌã Àã. ª. Àã¶ã¡ñ , ¼ããÓããâ¦ãÀ : ¹ãÆã. ‡ãŠð.Ìãñ.Øã•ãñ¶ªÆØ㡇ãŠÀ,¹ãã¶ã 30 36 ‚ã¶ãã©ã ãäÌ㪿ãããä©ãà ØãðÖ, ¹ãì¥ãñ 1932

S.Y.B.A. Special 1 Revised Study Material 2012

Title Of The Paper : Indian Philosophical Approaches

Unit 1: Upnishadic Philosophy

Prof. Shriniwas Hemade,hodhilosophy@sangamnercollege.org, 9226 56 30 52

Page 9 of 17

9 9

1.1 ºãÆãÚã¥ãØãâÆ©ããâÞãñ Ì㠇㊽ãÇ㊠ãâ¡ãÞãñ ÔÌãÀî¹ã :

`ºãÆãÚã¥ã' Öã Í㺪 `ºãÆÚã¶ãá' ¹ããÔãî¶ã ºã¶ã¦ããñ.¦¾ããÞãã ‚ã©ãà ºãÆÚããäÌãÓã¾ã‡ãŠ —ãã¶ã.Ìãõã䪇㊠ÔãããäÖ¦¾ãã¦ã 'ºãÆÚã ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ÌãñªãÞãñ ãä‡ãŠâÌãã ºãÆÚããÞãñ —ãã¶ã.¦ãñ —ãã¶ã •¾ãã ØãÆâ©ããâ½ã£¾ãñ ‚ããÖñ ¦¾ããâ¶ãã ºãÆãÚã¥ãØãâÆ©ã ‚ãÔãñ ¶ããÌã ‚ããÖñ.¾ãã ‚ã¶ãìÓãâØãã¶ãñ ÖßîÖßî `ºãÆãÚã¥ã' Í㺪ãÞãã ‚ã©ãà ¾ã—ã Ìã ¾ã—ããäÌãÓã¾ã‡ãŠ ‡ãŠ½ãÇãŠãâ¡ ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀã ¾ãããä—ã‡ãŠ ¹ãìÀìÓã ‚ãÔãã ºã¶ãÊãã.(Öñ ‡ãŠã½ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀñ ÔããÀñ ºãÆãÚã¥ã ºã¶ãÊãñ.) ºãÆãÚã¥ãØãâÆ©ããâÞãã ÀÞã¶ãã‡ãŠãÊã ãä¶ããäÍÞã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ã ¶ããÖãè.¦ã©ãããä¹ã ‚ãâªã•ãñ ƒ.Ôã.¹ãî.1200 ÌãÓããùãîÌããèà ¦ããè ÀÞãÊããè ØãñÊããè ‚ãÔããÌããè¦ã.‚ãã£ããè ÌãñªãâÞããè Ôãî§ãŠñ Ìã ½ãâ¨ã, ¶ãâ¦ãÀ ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ÔãâãäÖ¦ãã, ¶ãâ¦ãÀ ¦¾ããâÞããè ºãÆãÚã¥ãñ Ìã ¦¾ãã¶ãâ¦ãÀ ‚ããÀ¥¾ã‡ãŠñ Ìã ºãÆãÚã¥ãñ ÀÞãÊããè ØãñÊããè ‚ãÔããÌããè¦ã.¹ãƦ¾ãñ‡ãŠ ÔãâãäÖ¦ãñÊãã (¨ãÉØÌãñª,Ôãã½ãÌãñª ƒ¦¾ããªãè)¦¾ããâÞãñ ÔÌã¦ãâ¨ã ºãÆãÚã¥ãØãâÆ©ã ‚ãÔã¦ãã¦ã. ‚ãÔãñ Ö•ããÀãñ ºãÆãÚã¥ãØãâÆ©ã ‚ããÖñ¦ã.¹ã¥ã ÔãÌãÃÞã „¹ãÊ㺣㠶ããÖãè¦ã. ºãÆãÚã¥ãØãÆâ©ããÞãñ ¹ãìÀԇ㊦ãñà ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ‡ãŠ½ãÇãŠãâ¡ñ ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀñ ‡ãŠ›á›À ºãÆãÚã¥ã10 Öãñ¾ã.¦¾ããâÞãñ ¦ããè¶ã ¹ãƽãìŒã ªãÌãñ ‚ããÖñ¦ã: 1) Ìãñª ÖñÞã ‚ãâãä¦ã½ã Ô㦾ã Ìã ¹ãƽãã¥ã ØãÆâ©ã ‚ããÖñ¦ã.¦¾ããâÞããè Ô㦾ã¦ãã ÔãâÍã¾ãã¦ããè¦ã Ìã ãä¶ãÀì¹ãããä£ã‡ãŠ (‡ãŠÍããÌãÀÖãè ‚ãÌãÊãâºãî¶ã

¶ãÔãÊãñÊããè ‚ãÍããè ÔÌã¦ãâ¨ã ) ‚ããÖñ. 2) ‡ãŠñÌãß ºãÆãÚã¥ã ¹ãìÀãñãäÖ¦ãÞã ÌãñªãâÞãñ ‚ã©ãà ÊããÌ㥾ããÔã ¹ãã¨ã ‚ãÔã¦ãã¦ã. 3) ÌãñªãâÞãñ £¾ãñ¾ã ‡ãŠ½ãÇãŠãâ¡ñ ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ÖñÞã ‚ããÖñ.

¾ã—ããäÌã£ããè Ì㠇㊽ãÇãŠãâ¡ñ : ºãÆãÚã¥ãØãÆâ©ããâÞãã ãäÌãÓã¾ã ºãÆãÚã¥ãØãÆâ©ããâ½ã£¾ãñ ¾ã—ããäÌã²ãã Ìã ¾ã—ããÔãâºãâ£ããèÞãñ ãäÌãÌãñÞã¶ã ‡ãŠñÊãñÊãñ ‚ããÖñ.‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦ãã ¾ã—ã ‡ãŠÔãã, ‡ãŠã,‡ãŠìŸñ ‡ãŠÀãÌãã, ¦¾ããÞãñ ¾ã•ã½ãã¶ã ‡ãŠãñ¥ã ‚ãÔããÌãñ¦ã, ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦¾ãã ¾ã—ãã¶ãñ ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦ãñ ¹ãŠß ãä½ãߦãñ ¾ããÔãâºãâ£ããèÞããè ½ãããäÖ¦ããè ¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÖñ. Öñ ØãÆâ©ã ¾ã—ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ããžãã ¹ãìÀãñãä֦㠽ãâ¡ßãè¶ããè ¹ãìÀãñãäÖ¦ããâÞ¾ããÞã ½ããØãêÎãöããÔããŸãè ¦ãñ ãäËãäÖËñËñ ‚ããÖñ¦ã. ºãÆãÚã¥ãØãÆâ©ãã¦ã ½Ö¥ã•ãñ Ìãñªãâ½ã£¾ãñ ¾ã—ã‡ãŠ½ããÃÞãã „¹ãªñÍã ‚ããÖñ. Öãè ‡ãŠ½ãó ¹ãÆãÀâ¼ããè ‚ãØãªãè Ôããñ¹ããè Öãñ¦ããè. ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã½ããØããèË ¹ãÆñÀ‡ãŠ Öñ¦ãîãäÖ Ôãã£ãã Öãñ¦ãã. ¹ããäÀãäÞã¦ã ãä¶ãÔãØãÃÎããä‡ã‹¦ãÀì¹ããè „¹ããԾ㠪ñÌã¦ããâ¶ãã ªî£ã, £ã㶾ã, ¦ãî¹ã, ¾ããâÔããÀŒ¾ã㠳̾ããâÞããè ‚ããÖìãä¦ã ãäªËãè •ãã¦ã ‚ãÔãñ.Ôãâ¦ããä¦ã, ¹ãÎãì£ã¶ã ƒ¦¾ãããäª ¹ãÆ㹦ã ÌÖãÌãñ ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ‚ãã¹ãʾãã ½ããØããæãî¶ã Îã¨ãî ªîÀ ÌÖãÌãñ¦ã, ¾ããâÔããÀŒ¾ãã Ôãã½ã㶾㠃ޜãÔããŸãè ¾ã—ã ‡ãŠñÊãã •ãã¦ã ‚ãÔãñ. ‡ãŠãÖãè ¹ãÆÔãâØããè, ªñÌã¦ããâ¶ããè ¹ãîÌããê ‡ã ñŠËñʾãã ‚ã¶ãìØãÆÖãºãÿË ‡ãðŠ¦ã—ã¦ãã ̾ã‡ã‹¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ¾ããØã ‡ãñŠËã •ããƒÃû ¦¾ããâ¦ã ¹ãããäÌ㨾ããñ¦¹ã㪇㊠`ÔãâÔ‡ãŠãÀã' Þããè ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ããÖãè ‚ãÔããÌããè.½Ö¥ã•ãñ '' ªñÌã¦ããâ¶ããè ‚ããäÌã¼ããÃØã ØãÆ֥㠇ãñŠÊ¾ãã½ãìßò ‚ãã¹ã¥ã ¹ããäÌã¨ã Îã‡ã‹¦ããéÞ¾ãã ‚ãã£ããè¶ã ¢ããËãñ ‚ããÖãñ¦ã'' ãä‡ãâŠÌãã '' ‚ãã¹ã¥ã Œãìªáª ªñÌã㦽㠢ããËãñ ‚ããÖãñ¦ã '' ‚ãÎããè Ñ㣪㠾ã—ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãã-¾ãã ̾ã‡ã‹¦ããèÞ¾ãã ½ã¶ããâ¦ã „¦¹ã¸ã ÖãñƒÃ.¾ã—ã¾ããØããÞãã Öã Ôãã£ñã¹ã¥ãã ËÌã‡ãŠÀÞã ¶ããÖãéÔãã ¢ããËã. ½ãâ¨ã ‚ãããä¥ã ºãÆãÚã¥ãØãÆâ©ããâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠãËãâ¦ã ½ãã¨ã ¦ãò ‚㦾ãâ¦ã ãä‡ã‹ËÓ› Öãñ…¶ã ¦¾ãã ½ã¾ããêãâ¹ãËãè‡ãŠ¡ñ ØãñËñ. ¦ãÔãñÞã ãä¶ãÔãØãÃÜ㛶ããâÌãÁ¶ã ‡ãŠãäʹãËñʾãã •ã춾ãã ªñÌã¦ããâÞ¾ãã •ããñ¡ãè¶ãñ ãä‡ãŠ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ ‡ãðŠãä¨ã½ã ªñÌã¦ããâÞããèãäÖ ‚ããÀã£ã¶ãã ¾ã—ããâ¦ã ‡ãñŠËãè •ãã… ËãØãËãèû „ªãÖÀ¥ãã©ãà ¾ã—ãã¦ã Ìãã¹ãÀÊãñ •ãã¥ããÀñ ½ãðã䦦ã‡ãŠã¹ãã¨ã †‡ãŠã²ãã ÔãÌãÃÎããä‡ã‹¦ã½ãã¶ã ªñÌã¦ãñ¹ãƽãã¥ãò Ô¦ãìãä¦ãÔ¦ããñ¨ããâÞãã ãäÌãÓã¾ã ºã¶ãËñ.¦ãÔãñÞã ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ ªì¾¾ã½ã ÌãÔ¦ãîâ¶ãã ãäÌã¶ãã‡ãŠãÀ¥ã ½ãÖ¦Ìã ‚ããÊãñ.„ªãÖÀ¥ãã©ãà ¾ã—ãÔ¦ãâ¼ããÞããè ¹ãî•ãã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ, ‡ãŠã̾㠇ãŠÀ¥ãñ.

10ºãÆãÚã¥ã Öñ ½ãìßã¦ã ¹ãìÀãñãäÖ¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ.¦¾ããâÞããÞã Ìã¥ãà ºã¶ãÊãã.¶ãâ¦ãÀ ¦¾ããâÞããè •ãã¦ã ºã¶ãÊããè.

S.Y.B.A. Special 1 Revised Study Material 2012

Title Of The Paper : Indian Philosophical Approaches

Unit 1: Upnishadic Philosophy

Prof. Shriniwas Hemade,hodhilosophy@sangamnercollege.org, 9226 56 30 52

Page 10 of 17

10 10

¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ããè ‚ããÖìãä¦ã ‚ã¹ãå㠇ãŠÀ¥¾ãã½ããØããèË ¼ããÌã¶ããÞã ºãªÊãÊããè.†‡ãŠã²ãã ªñÌã¦ãñËã Îããâ¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãò ãä‡ãâŠÌãã †‡ãŠã²ãã ªñÌã¦ãñÎããé ¦ããªã¦½ã Öãñ¥ãñ, ¾ãã ¼ããÌã¶ãñ†ñÌã•ããè ¾ã—ãã½ãã¹ãŠÃ¦ã ¾ã—ã‡ãŠ¦¾ããÃËã ƒÓ› ¦ãñ ªñ¥¾ããÞããè ªñÌã¦ããâÌãÀ •ã¥ãî Ôã§ãŠãèÞã ¢ããÊããè. ¾ã—ã‡ãŠ¦ããà ÔÌã¦ã:Ëã ƒÓ› ¦ãò ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔã ªñÌã¦ããâ¶ãã ¼ããØã ¹ãã¡îâ Îã‡ãŠ¦ããñ ƒ¦ã‡ãñŠÞã ¶ãÌÖñ ¦ãÀ, Ôãâºãâãä£ã¦ã ªñÌã¦ãã ¾ãã ½ãã¥ãÔãã¶ãñ ‚ã¹ãå㠇ãñŠËñʾãã ‚ããÖì¦ããé½ãìßòÞã ªñÌã¦ãã ºã¶ã¦ãã¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ã䟇ãŠã¥ããé ãäÌãÎÌã̾ãÌãÔ©ãñÞãñ Ààã¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞããè Îããä‡ã‹¦ã ¾ãñ¦ãñ, ‚ãÎããè ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã ‡ãñŠËãè •ãã… ËãØãËãèû ÌãñØãß¾ãã Î㺪ãâ¦ã ÔããâØããÌã¾ããÞãò ¦ãÀ, ªñÌã¦ããâ¹ãñàãã ¾ã—ããËã ÑãñÓŸ Ô©ãã¶ã ãäªËñ ØãñÊãñ. ¾ãã ¼ãîãä½ã‡ãñŠ¦ãî¶ãÞã ¾ããØããäÌã£ããé½ã£¾ãñ ½ãâ¨ããäÌã²ãñÞãã, ½Ö¥ã•ãñ •ããªì›ãñ¥¾ããâÞãã ¹ãÆÌãñÎã ¢ããÊãã.

ªñÌã - ºãÆãÚã¥ããâÞãñ ÌãÞãÃÔÌã ªñÌã¦ããâ¶ãã ¹ãÆÔ㶶㠇ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ¾ã—ã¾ããØã ‡ãŠñÊãñ •ãã¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ.¾ã—ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀã ¹ãìÀãñãäÖ¦ã ÌãØãà ãä¶ã½ããå㠢ããÊãã. Öã ¹ãìÀãñãäÖ¦ã ÌãØãà ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ºãÆãÚã¥ã Ìã¥ããÃÞãñ Ìã •ãã¦ããèÞãñ Êããñ‡ãŠ Öãñ¾ã. ºãÆãÚã¥ãØãâÆ©ããâÞãñ Ôãîà½ã Ìã ¦ã¹ãÍããèÊãÌããÀ —ãã¶ã ‚ãÔã¥ããžããâ¶ãã ºãÆãÚã¥ã ½Ö¥ããÌãñ ‚ãÔãñ ºãÆãÚã¥ãØãâÆ©ããâ¦ãÞã ½Öâ›Êãñ ‚ããÖñ.¾ãã ºãÆãÚã¥ããâ¶ããÞã ¶ãâ¦ãÀ 'ªñÌã' ½ãã¶ãÊãñ ØãñÊãñ.Íã¦ã¹ã©ã ºãÆãÚã¥ãØãâÆ©ããâ¶ãìÔããÀ ªñÌããâÞãñ ªãñ¶ã ¹ãƇãŠãÀ ‚ããÖñ¦ã.¹ããäÖÊãñ ÔÌãØããæããèÊã ªñÌã ‚ãããä¥ã ªìÔãÀñ Öñ ½ãã¶ãÌãÊããñ‡ãŠã¦ããèÊã ºãÆãÚã¥ã ªñÌã ! ¾ã—ãã¦ã ªñÌããâ¶ãã ‚ã¹ãå㠇ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¦ãñ ãä¦ãÊãã '‚ããÖìãä¦ã' ½Ö¥ã¦ãã¦ã ¦ãÀ ºãÆãÚã¥ããâ¶ãã ªñ¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¦ãñ ãä¦ãÊãã ' ªãäàã¥ãã ' ½Öâ›Êãñ •ãã¦ãñ.ªãñÜããâ¶ãã Ôãâ¦ãìÓ› ‡ãŠñʾãã¶ãâ¦ãÀÞã ¾ã•ã½ãã¶ããÊãã ¾ããñؾ㠦ãñ ¹ãŠß ãä½ãߦãñ. ¾ã—ãã½ãìßñ ¾ãã ºãÆãÚã¥ããâÞãñ ÌãÞãÃÔÌã ƒ¦ã‡ãŠñ Ìãã¤Êãñ ‡ãŠãè ¦ãñ ½ã¶ãìӾ㠕ãã¦ããè¦ããèÊã •ã¥ãî ªñÌãÞã ¢ããÊãñ.¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ããè ¦¾ããâ¶ãã ƒ¦ãÀãâ¹ãñàãã ‡ãŠãÖãè •ããÔ¦ã ãäÌãÍãñÓãããä£ã‡ãŠãÀ ãä½ãßãÊãñ. ¦¾ãã½ãìßñ ¦¾ããâ¶ãã Ôãâ¦ãìÓ› ŸñÌã¥ãñ, ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÀãñ£ãã¦ã ‡ãŠãÖãèÖãè ¶ã ºããñÊã¥ãñ ÖãÞã ãä¶ã¾ã½ã ¢ããÊãã.‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠªã ¦ãñ ªñÌããâ¹ãñàããÖãè ½ãÖ¦ÌããÞãñ ŸÀÊãñ.¹ãì¤ñ ¦ãÀ ªñÌããâ¶ããÖãè ¦¾ããâÞããè ªÖÍã¦ã Ìãã›î ÊããØãÊããè ! ¾ãã ¹ãìÀãñãäÖ¦ããâ¶ããè ¾ã—ããäÌã£ããè, ÔããÀãè ¾ã—ãÔãâÔ©ããÞ㠇㊽ãÇãŠãâ¡ã¦ã ºãâãäªÔ¦ã ‡ãŠñÊããè. ¾ã—ãÔãâÔ©ã㠇㊟ãñÀ, ãä¶ãÜãðÃ¥ã Ìã •ãìÊã½ããè ºã¶ãÌãÊããè. Ôãã½ã㶾ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ããÌãã‡ãŠ¿ããºããÖñÀ ØãñÊããè. ÖßîÖßî ¦ããè •ã¡Íããèß, ‡ãŠðãä¨ã½ã Ìã ãä¶ãÓ¹ãÆã¥ã ºã¶ãÊããè. ªìÔãÀñ ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ¾ã—ãã¦ã ªñÌãªñÌã¦ããâ¶ãã ãäªÊããè •ãã¥ããÀãè ‚ããÖìãä¦ã ½ã쌾ã¦ã: ¹ãÍãìâÞããè Öãñ¦ããè. ¾ã—ãã¦ããèÊã ¹ãÍãìºãßãè ¹ãÆ©ãñ½ãìßñ ¹ãÆã¥ããè ãäÖâÔãã Ìãã¤Êããè.¾ã—ããÔããŸãè Ìã¶ãÔ¹ã¦ããè, •ãâØãÊã¦ããñ¡ Ìãã¤Êããè.¾ã—ããÞãã ÌããÔ¦ããäÌã‡ãŠ ‚ã©ãà Ìã „¹ã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã¦ãã, ¦¾ããÞã¹ãƽãã¥ãñ ¦¾ããâÞãñ ƒÓ› ¹ãŠß ªñ¥¾ããÞãò Ôãã½ã©¾ãà ãäÌãÔãÀÊãñ ØãñÊãñ.¾ãã ãäÖÔãñÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÀãñ£ãã¦ãî¶ãÞã ‚ããäÖâÔãñÞãã ¹ãìÀÔ‡ãŠãÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀñ ºããõ£ª Ìã •ãõ¶ã £ã½ãà •ã¶½ããÊãã ‚ããÊãñ. ¾ã—ãÔãâÔ©ãñÔã ‚ãããä¥ã ¾ããØããäÌã£ããèÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÀãñ£ãã¦ãî¶ã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞãñ ãäÞãâ¦ã¶ã Ìã ‚ãããäÌãÓ‡ãŠÀ¥ã ¢ããÊãñ.¾ã—ã¾ããØããÞããè ¹ãÀã‡ãŠãñ›ãè ƒ¦ã‡ãŠãè ¢ããÊããè ‡ãŠãè ãä¦ãÞ¾ãã½ãìßñ ãäÌ㪿ã½ãã¶ã Ìã¥ãÕãããä¦ã̾ãÌãÔ©ãñÊãã ¶ãõãä¦ã‡ãŠ ‚ãã£ããÀ ãä½ãßãÊãã.¾ã—ããÞãã ‚ã㣾ããã䦽ã‡ãŠ ‚ã©ãà ÊããÌ㥾ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆÌãð§ããè¹ãã¾ããè Öñ Üã¡Êãñ.

„¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ½ã£ããèÊã ½ã쌾ã ãäÔ㣪㶦ã

‚ã) ºãÆÚã, ‚ã㦽ãã, ¹ãÀã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ã¹ãÀããäÌ㪿ãã (½ãì⡇ãŠãñ¹ããä¶ãÓ㪠‚ãããä¥ã ƒÎããñ¹ããä¶ãÓãª) ºã) ¶ãõãä¦ã‡ãŠ ãäÌãÞããÀ (ƒÎããñ¹ããä¶ãÓãª)

„¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ½ã£¾ãñ ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ ãäÌãÓã¾ã ½ããâ¡ÊãñÊãñ ‚ããÖñ¦ã.¦ã©ãããä¹ã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ½ã£ããèÊã ½ã쌾ã ãäÔ㣪㶦㠪ãñ¶ã ‚ããÖñ¦ã. 1) ºãÆÚã 2) ‚ã㦽ãã 3) ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ããÞããè †‡ãŠã¦½ã¦ãã = ºãÆÚã㦽ãõ‡ã‹¾ã.

S.Y.B.A. Special 1 Revised Study Material 2012

Title Of The Paper : Indian Philosophical Approaches

Unit 1: Upnishadic Philosophy

Prof. Shriniwas Hemade,hodhilosophy@sangamnercollege.org, 9226 56 30 52

Page 11 of 17

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¾ãã ãäÔ㣪㶦ããâ¶ãã ‚ã¶ãìÔãÀî¶ã ‚ãã¹ã¥ã ½ãì⡇ãŠãñ¹ããä¶ãÓ㪠‚ãããä¥ã ƒÎããñ¹ããä¶ãÓ㪠¾ãã¦ã ½ããâ¡Êãñʾãã ¹ãÀã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ã¹ãÀããäÌ㪿ãã ¾ãã Ôãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ƒÎããñ¹ããä¶ãÓãªã¦ããèÊã ¶ãõãä¦ã‡ãŠ ãäÌãÞããÀ ¾ããâÞãã ‚ã¼¾ããÔã ‚ãã¹ã¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀ ‚ããÖãñ¦ã.Öñ „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞãñ ¹ãƽãìŒã Ôã§ããÎããÔ¨ããè¾ã ãäÔ㣪㶦㠂ããÖñ¦ã. ¹ãÀã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ã¹ãÀããäÌ㪿ãã ¾ãã ªãñ¶ã Ôãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã —ãã¶ãÍããÔ¨ããè¾ã ‚ããÖñ¦ã.¾ããÞãã ‚ã©ãà „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ½ã£ããèÊã Ôã§ããÎããÔ¨ããè¾ã ãäÔ㣪㶦㠂ãããä¥ã —ãã¶ãÍããÔ¨ããè¾ã ãäÔ㣪㶦㠹ãÀÔ¹ãÀãâÍããè ãä¶ãØã¡ãè¦ãÞã ¶ãÌÖñ ¦ãÀ ¹ãÀÔ¹ãÀãÌãÊãâºããè ‚ããÖñ¦ã. ¾ãã ÔããžããâÞãñ ãäÌãÌãñÞã¶ã ¹ãì¤ãèÊã¹ãƽãã¥ãñ :

‚ã) ºãÆÚã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ã㦽ãã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ½ã£¾ãñ ÔãÌããæã Ô¹ãÓ› ‚ãããä¥ã ÔããäÌãÔ¦ãÀ ¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ãããäªËñËã ãäÔ㣪㶦㠆‡ãŠ¦ÌãÌããªãè ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÞã´ãªãè (idealistic) ‚ããÖñ ‚ãÔãò ½Ö¥ã¦ããâ ¾ãñƒÃËû `¾ãñ©ãò ¶ãã¶ãã¦Ìã ¶ããÖãé', (¶ãÖ ¶ãã¶ãããäÔ¦ã ãä‡ãâŠÞã¶ã') `Öò ÔãÌãà ºãÆÚãÞã ‚ããÖñ' (`ÔãÌãà ŒããäÊÌãªâ ºãÆÚã ) ¾ããâÔããÀŒããè, Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãò „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ½ã£¾ãñ •ããØããñ•ããØã ‚ãã¤ß¦ãã¦ãû ¾ãã †‡ãŠ¦ÌãÌããªãè ãäÔ㣪㶦ããËã 'ãäÞã´ãªãè' ‚ãÔãò ãäÌãÎãñÓã¥ã ËãÌã¦ããâ ¾ãñƒÃËû ºãÆÚã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ã㦽ãã ¾ãã ªãñ¶ã Þãõ¦ã¶¾ã½ã¾ã ¦ã§ÌããâÞãñ ãäÌãÌãñÞã¶ã ‚ãÔãʾãã¶ãñ ¦¾ããÔã ãäÞãªáÌã㪠½Öâ›Êãñ ‚ããÖñ. `ºãÆÚã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ã㦽ãã' ¾ãã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ½ã£ããèÊã ¹ãƽãìŒã Ôãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã ‚ããÖñ¦ã. `¾ãã ªãñ¶ã ŒããâºããâÌãÀ •ãÌãß •ãÌãß ÔãÌãà ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¦ã¦Ìã—ãã¶ããÞããè ƒ½ããÀ¦ã „¼ããÀËñËãè ‚ããÖñ'û ‚ãÔãò ¦¾ããâÞãñ Ìã¥ãö㠇ãñŠËñ •ãã¦ãñ.¦¾ãã½ãìßñ ªãñ¶ã ¹ãªãâÞãã ŒãìËãÔãã ‡ãñŠËã ¹ãããäÖ•ãñû `ºãÆÚã' Öã Í㺪 'ºãðÖ¶ãá' ½Ö¥ã•ãñ Ìã㤥ãò, †‡ãŠã†‡ãŠãé ¹ãƇ㊛ Öãñ¥ãò, ¾ãã £ãã¦ãî¹ããÔãî¶ã ‚ããËã ‚ããÖñ.¹ãŠãÀ ¹ãÆãÀâ¼ããè, ¦¾ããÞãã ‚ã©ãà `¹ãÆã©ãöãã' ‚ãÔãã Öãñ¦ãã ‚ãÔãñò ãäªÔã¦ãñ.¹ãÆã©ãöãã ¾ãã ÔÌãÁ¹ããâ¦ããèË ºãÆÚã ½Ö¥ã•ãñ •ãñ †ñ‡ãŠ¥¾ããÔã ¹ãã¨ã ‚ããÖñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¶ãìÔ㦾ãã „ÞÞããÀ¥ã´ãÀã ̾ã‡ã‹¦ã Öãñ¦ãò ¦ãñ Öãñ¾ã.¦¾ãã½ãìßñ ‡ãñŠÌãß „ÞÞããÀ¥ãÁ¹ãã¶ãñÞã ¶ãÌÖñ ¦ãÀ, ‚ããäŒãË ÔãðÓ›ãèÞ¾ãã Á¹ãã¶ãñ †‡ãŠã†‡ãŠãè ¹ãƇ㊛ Öãñ¦ãò ¦ãñ `ãäÌãÎÌããÞãò ‚ããã䪇ãŠãÀ¥ã' Öã ¦¾ãã Î㺪ãÞãã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¦ããèË ¦ã¦Ìã—ãã¶ã㦽ã‡ãŠ ‚ã©ãà ‚ãÔããÌãã. `‚ã㦽ãã' ¾ãã ªìÔã-¾ãã ¹ãªãÞãò ‚ã©ãÃãäÌãÌãÀ¥ã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠÞã ‚ããä¶ããäÎÞã¦ã ‚ããÖñû `‚ã㦽ãã' ¾ãã ¹ãªãÞãã ½ãîß ‚ã©ãà ºãÖì£ãã `ÎÌããÔã ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ¹ãÆã¥ã' ‚ãÔãã ‚ãÔããÌãã.‡ãŠãËãâ¦ãÀã¶ãñ ¦ããñ Î㺪 ½ãã¶ãÌããÞãã `½ããè-¹ã¥ãã' ¾ããËã „ÿñÎãî¶ã Ìãã¹ãÀËã •ããÌãî ËãØãËã. ¾ãã¹ãƽãã¥ãò, ¾ãã ªãñ¶ã ¹ãªãâ¹ãõ‡ãŠãé ¹ãƦ¾ãñ‡ãŠãËã ÔÌã¦ãâ¨ã ‚ã©ãà ‚ããÖñû `ºããÖ¿ã •ãØã¦ããÞãñ ‚ãâãä¦ã½ã ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã' Öã ºãÆÚã ¾ãã Î㺪ãÞãã ãäÌãÎãñÓã ‚ã©ãà ‚ããÖñ, ¦ãÀ `½ãã¶ãÌããÞãã ‚ãâ¦ãØãæ㠕ããèÌã㦽ãã' Öã ‚ã㦽ãã ¾ãã Î㺪ãÞãã ãäÌãÎãñÓã ‚ã©ãà ‚ããÖñû ãäÌãÎãñÓã Ëàããâ¦ã Üãñ¥¾ããÔããÀŒããè ØããñÓ› ‚ãÎããè ‡ãŠãè ¾ãã ¹ãªãâÞãñ ½ãîß ‚ã©ãà ‚㦾ãâ¦ã ãä¼ã¸ã ‚ãÔãËñ ¦ãÀãè ¦¾ããâÞãã Ôã½ãã¶ãã©ããê „¹ã¾ããñØã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠããä£ã‡ãŠ Á¤ ÖãñÌãî ËãØãËãû ¾ãã ªãñ¶Öãè Í㺪ãâ¶ããè ½ã쌾ã¦ã: `ãäÌãÎÌããÞãñ

ÎããÎÌã¦ã ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã, ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ÔãðÓ›ãèÞãñ Ìã ½ãã¶ãÌããÞãñÖãè ÎããÎÌã¦ã ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã', ‚ãÔãã ‚ã©ãà ̾ã‡ã‹¦ã ÖãñÌãî ËãØãËãû ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ããè ¾ãã ªãñ¶ã ¹ãªãâ¶ãã †‡ãŠÞã ‚ã©ãà ãäªËã ØãñÊãã. ¾ããÞãã ‚ã©ãà ‚ãÔãã ‡ãŠãé, ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¦ã¦Ìã—ããâ¶ããè ‚ãã¹ãʾãã ¦ã¦ÌããäÞãâ¦ã¶ãã¦ã ºããÖ¿ã Ôã§ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ½ãã¶ãÌããÞããè ‚ãâ¦ã:Ô©ã Ôã§ãã ¾ããâÞãñ ¦ããªã¦½¾ã ½ãã¶ãÊãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãÎãã ¦ããªã¦½¾ããè‡ãŠÀ¥ãã½ãìßñÞã ‚ãŒãñÀãèÔã ¦¾ããâ¶ãã †‡ãŠ¦ÌããÞãã Îããñ£ã ËãØãËã.Öñ †‡ãŠ¦Ìã ‚ãã£ããèÞ¾ã㠇㊽ãÇãŠãâ¡ã¦ã Øãìâ¦ãÊãñʾãã ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ ªñÌã¦ããÌããªã¹ãñàãã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ ¹ãÆØã¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã Œã-¾ãã ‚ã©ããöãò ¦ã¦Ìã—ãã¶ã㦽ã‡ãŠ Öãñ¦ãñ.Öñ ¦ããªã¦½¾ããè‡ãŠÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÔãò Üã¡î¶ã ‚ããËñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ããÞãã Ôã½ãØãÆ ‚ããä¼ã¹ãÆã¾ã ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦ãã ¾ããâãäÌãÓã¾ããè ©ããñ¡ã ÔããäÌãÔ¦ãÀ ãäÌãÞããÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥ãò ‚ãÌãξ㠂ããÖñû `‚ã㦽ãã' ¾ãã Î㺪ãÞãã ‚ã©ãÃ, ‡ãŠãËãâ¦ãÀã¶ãò `•ããèÌã㦽ãã' ‚ãÔãã ‡ãñŠËã ØãñËã. •¾ãã ÎãÀãèÀã‡ãðŠ¦ããèÎããè ̾ã‡ã‹¦ããèÞãã Ôãâºãâ£ã ‚ããÖñ ãä¦ãÞ¾ããÖî¶ã ãä¼ã¸ã ‚ãÔãã ̾ããä‡ã‹¦ã¦ÌããÞãã ÔããÀ¼ãî¦ã ½ãÖ¦ÌããÞãã Ü㛇㊠‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦ãã ? ¾ããÞãã •ããñ Îããñ£ã Üãñ¦ãËã ØãñËã ¦¾ãã½ãìßò ‚ã㦽ãã ¾ãã Î㺪ãËã `•ããèÌã㦽ãã' Öã ‚ã©ãà ¹ãÆ㹦㠢ããËãû ¾ãñ©ãò †‡ãŠ ØããÀ, ½ãã¶ããäÔã‡ãŠ ÔÌãÁ¹ããÞãò ¦ã¦Ìã Öã

S.Y.B.A. Special 1 Revised Study Material 2012

Title Of The Paper : Indian Philosophical Approaches

Unit 1: Upnishadic Philosophy

Prof. Shriniwas Hemade,hodhilosophy@sangamnercollege.org, 9226 56 30 52

Page 12 of 17

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‚ãŒãñÀãèÔã ½ãã¶ãÌããÞãã ÔããÀ¼ãî¦ã ½ãÖ¦ÌããÞãã Ü㛇㊠½ãã¶ãËã ØãñËã.11 „¦¦ãÀ‡ãŠãËãè¶ã ½ãâ ã ‚ãããä¥ã ºãÆãÚã¥ãØãÆâ©ã ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠãßã¹ããÔãî¶ã •ããèÌã ‚ãããä¥ã •ãØã¦ãá ¾ããâ½ã£ããèË Ôã½ããâ¦ãÀ Ôãã½¾ããÞãã Îããñ£ã Üãñ¥¾ããÞããè, ‚ãããä¥ã †‡ãŠãÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÎãñÓã Ëàã¥ããËã ‚ã¶ãìÁ¹ã ‚ãÔãò ªìÔã-¾ããÞãñ Ëàã¥ã Îããñ£ã¥¾ããÞããè ¹ãÆÌãðã䦦ã Öãñ¦ããè.12 Ìãñª‡ãŠãËãÞ¾ãã „¦¦ãÀã£ããæããäÖ, •ããèÌã ‚ãããä¥ã •ãØã¦ãá ¾ããâ½ã£ããèË Ôã½ã㶦ãÀ-Ôãã½¾ããÞããè ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã ÔãÌãè㠂ãã¤ß¦ãñû ¦ããèÞã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ½ã£¾ãñãäÖ ‚ããÖñû ÔãÌãà ÔãðãäÓ› Öãè †‡ãŠ ãäÌãÎÌã̾ãã¹ããè ̾ããä‡ã‹¦ã ‚ããÖñ ‚ãÔãò ½ãã¶ã¥¾ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆÜãã¦ããÞãã ÔÌãã¼ãããäÌã‡ãŠ¹ã¥ãñ ‚ã㦽¾ããÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãñÌãÀ ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã ¢ããËã, ‚ãããä¥ã •ãñ ‡ãñŠÌãß †‡ãŠ ½ãã¶ããäÔã‡ãŠ ¦ã¦Ìã Öãñ¦ãò ¦¾ããÞãñ Á¹ããâ¦ãÀ †‡ãŠã •ãØã¦ãá ¦ã¦Ìãã½ã£¾ãñ ¢ããËòû ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ̾ããä§ãŠØã¦ã ‚ã㦽ãã (`•ããèÌã㦽ãã') †‡ãŠª½ãÞã 'ãäÌãÎÌã㦽ãã'ºã¶ãÊãã Ìã •ãØã¦ããÞãò Øãã½ã Ô㦾㠟ÀËãû †‡ãŠªãâ ãäÌãÎÌããäÌãÓã¾ããéÞããè ‚ãÎããè ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã ½ã㶾㠢ããʾãã¶ãâ¦ãÀ, ãäÌãÎÌããÞãã ‚ã㦽ãã ÖãÞã †‡ãŠ½ãñÌã ‚ã㦽ãã ŸÀËã, ‚ãããä¥ã ƒ¦ãÀ ‚ã㦽ãñ, ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦¾ãã Àãè¦ããé¶ãñ, ¦¾ãã ‚ã㦽¾ããÎããé †‡ãŠÁ¹ã ½ãã¶ãËñ ØãñËñ. Öãè ãäÌãÞããÀÔãÀ¥ããè ‚ãâ¦ããä¶ãÃÀãèàã¥ããÌãÀ ‚ãÌãÊãâºãî¶ã Öãñ¦ããè. ‚ã©ããæ㠾ãã ¹ãÆãä‰ãŠ¾ãñ¶ãñ ‚ã㦽¾ããÞãñ †‡ãŠ¦Ìã ãäÔ㣪 ¢ããËò ¦ãÀãè, ¦¾ããÌãÁ¶ã ‚ããäŒãË Ô㦦ãñÞãñ †‡ãŠ¦Ìã ãäÔ㣪 Öãñ¦ã ¶ããÖãé; ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã, ̾ã‡ã‹¦ããè‡ã‹Þ¾ãã ºããºã¦ããè¦ã ‚ã㦽ãã Öã ªñÖããäª Ü㛇ãŠãâÖî¶ã ãä¼ã¸ã ½ãã¶ã¦ããâ ¾ãñ¦ããñ ¦ãÔãã •ãØãªã¦½ãããäÖ ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã ¼ããõãä¦ã‡ãŠ ‚ããÌãÀ¥ããÖî¶ã, ½Ö¥ã•ãñ •ã¡ ãäÌãÎÌããÖî¶ã, ãä¼ã¸ã ½ãã¶ããÌãã ËãØã¦ããñû. ¦ãñ ‡ãŠÔãñ Íã‡ãŠ¿ã ‚ããÖñ ? ‚ãã¦ãã¹ã¾ãö¦ãÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÞããÀ¹ãÆãä‰ãŠ¾ãñÊãã ¹ãîÀ‡ãŠ ‚ãÎããè ªìÔãÀãè †‡ãŠ ãäÌãÞããÀ¹ãÆãä‰ãŠ¾ãã ¾ããÞã ‡ãŠãßãâ¦ã ÞããËî ¢ããËãè Öãñ¦ããèû ¦¾ãã ¹ãÆãä‰ãŠ¾ãñ¶ãò ºãÚã ÔãÌãà Òξ㠕ãØããÞãò †‡ãŠ½ãñÌã ‚ããã䪇ãŠãÀ¥ã ½ãã¶ãËò ØãñËò Öãñ¦ãòû Öãè ãäÌãÞããÀÔãÀ¥ããè ÌãÔ¦ãìØã¦ã ãäÌãÞããÀ-¹ã£ª¦ããèÌãÀ ‚ãã£ããÀÊãñÊããè Öãñ¦ããè.¾ãã ãäÌãÞããÀÔãÀ¥ããè½ã£¾ãñ ºããÖ¿ã •ãØã¦ããÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÎËñÓã¥ãã¹ããÔãî¶ã ¹ãÆãÀâ¼ã ‡ãñŠËñËã Öãñ¦ããû ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¦ã¦ÌããäÞ㶦ã¶ããÞ¾ãã Ôãã½ã㶾㠹ãÆÌãð¦¦ããèËã ‚ã¶ãìÔãÁ¶ã ¾ãñ©ãñãäÖ ãäÌãÎÌã‡ãŠãÀ¥ãããäÌãÓã¾ããè ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã ‡ãñŠÊ¾ãã Øãñʾããû ãäÌãÎÌããÞãã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠããä£ã‡ãŠ Ôã½ãã£ãã¶ã‡ãŠãÀ‡ãŠ ŒãìËãÔãã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãã-¾ãã ¾ãã ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã½ãããäˇãòŠ½ã£ããèË ºãÆÚã Öãè ‚ãŒãñÀÞããè ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã ‚ããÖñû Ìãõã䪇㊠¦ã¦Ìã—ãã¶ããÞ¾ãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔããÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦¾ãã¦ãÀãè †‡ãŠã ‚ãÌãÔ©ãò¦ã ºãÆÚã Öñ ãäÌãÎÌããÞãñ ‚ããã䪇ãŠãÀ¥ã ãäÌãÎÌããÞ¾ãã Øãã½ã ÔããÀ¼ãî¦ã ½ãÖ¦ÌããÞ¾ãã Ü㛇ãŠãâÎããè, ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ãäÌãÎÌããÞ¾ãã ‚ã㦽¾ããÎããé, †‡ãŠÁ¹ã ½ãã¶ãËò ØãñËâñû

ãä¶ãÁ¹ãããä£ã‡ãŠ¦ã¦Ìã ‚ãÎãã Àãè¦ããè¶ãâñ, ½ãã¶ãÌããÞ¾ãã ¾ã©ãã©ãà ÔÌãÁ¹ãããäÌãÓã¾ããèÞ¾ãã ãä•ã—ããÔãò¦ãî¶ã ãä¶ã½ããå㠢ããËñËã Öã ªìÔãÀã ãäÌãÞããÀ¹ãÆÌããÖ ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ããäÖÊãã ãäÌãÞããÀ¹ãÆÌããÖ ‚ãÔãñ ªãñ¶ã ÔÌã¦ãâ¨ã ãäÌãÞããÀ¹ãÆÌããÖ †‡ãŠ¨ã ‚ããËñ, ‚ãããä¥ã ¾ãã †‡ãŠ¨ããè‡ãŠÀ¥ãã¶ãñ •¾ããÞãã ¹ãƪãèÜãà ‡ãŠãß¹ã¾ãö¦ã Îããñ£ã ÞããËËã Öãñ¦ãã ¦ãñ †‡ãŠ¦Ìã Ôãã¹ã¡Ëòû •ãñ ¼ããõãä¦ã‡ãŠ •ãØã ‚ã㦽ããäÔ㣪㶦ãã¶ãìÔããÀ ‡ãñŠÌãß ‚ã¶ã㦽ãÔÌãÁ¹ã ½ãã¶ãËò Öãñ¦ãò ¦ãò ‚ãã¦ããâ ‚ã㦽¾ããÞãòÞã †‡ãŠ Á¹ã ŸÀËòû ‚ãÎãã ªãñ¶ã, ºããÖ¿ã¦ã: ãä¼ã¸ã, ¹ãÀâ¦ãì ‚ãâ¦ãØãæãÒÓ›¿ãã ÔãÒÎã, ãäÌãÞããÀãâÞãñ †‡ãŠ¨ããè‡ãŠÀ¥ã Öã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ã㪶ããâ¦ããèË ¹ãƽãìŒã ãäÔ㣪㶦㠂ãÔãî¶ã, `¦ãîâ ¦ãò ‚ããÖñÔã', `½ããè ºãÆÚã ‚ããÖñ' ¾ããâÔããÀŒ¾ãã ½ãÖãÌãã‡ã‹¾ããâ¦ã, ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ºãÆ½Ö = ‚ã㦽ãã ¾ãã Ôã½ããè‡ãŠÀ¥ãã¶ãò, ¦ããñ ̾ã‡ã‹¦ã ‡ãñŠËñËã ‚ããÖñû •ãØã¦ãá ‚ãããä¥ã ̾ããä‡ã‹¦ã ¾ãã †‡ãŠãÞã ‚ãâãä¦ã½ã Ô㦦ãñÞãã ‚ãããäÌãÓ‡ãŠãÀ ‚ãÔãʾãã¶ãò, ªãñ¶Öãè ½ãî˦ã: †‡ãŠÞã Öãñ¦ã û ÌãñØãß¾ãã Î㺪ãâ¦ã ÔããâØããÌã¾ããÞãò ¦ãÀ, ãä¶ãÔãØãà ‚ãããä¥ã ½ãã¶ãÌã ãäÌã¼ã‡ã‹¦ã ¶ããÖãé¦ã ¦ãÔãñ, ¾ããâ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ‡ãŠãñ¥ããèÖãè ƒÃÎÌãÀã¹ããÔãî¶ã ãäÌã¼ã‡ã‹¦ã ¶ããÖãéû ‚ãÎãã ÔãâÎËñÓã¥ãã¶ãò, ‚ãâãä¦ã½ã ¦ã¦Ìã †‡ãŠ ‚ããÖñ ‚ãÔãã ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠÓãà ãä½ãߦããñ.¦¾ããÞã¹ãƽãã¥ãñ ¦¾ãã¦ã ‚ãã¥ãŒããèÖãè †‡ãŠ ½ãÖ¦ÌããÞãã ‚ããä¼ã¹ãÆã¾ã ‚ããÖñû ¦ããñ ‚ãÔãã ‡ãŠãè ºãÆÚã ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã ÌãÔ¦ãìãä¶ãÓŸ ‚ãÔãʾãã¶ãñ ¦ããè †‡ãŠã ØãðÖãè¦ã ½ãã¶ãËñʾãã ÌãÔ¦ãîÞããè 11¾ãñ©ãñ ̾ããä‡ã‹¦ããä¶ãÓŸ ãäÌãÞããÀ-¹ã£ª¦ããèÞãã „¹ã¾ããñØã ‡ãñŠËã ØãñËã, ‚ãããä¥ã ‚㶦ããä¶ãÃÀãèàã¥ãã¶ãâñ ÌãÀãèË ‚ã©ããÃÞãã ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠÓãà ‡ãŠã¤Ëã ØãñËãû ªñÖ, ¹ãÆã¥ã, ƒ¦¾ããªãé¶ãã ̾ããä‡ã‹¦ã ½ãã¶ã¥¾ããÞããè Þãî‡ãŠ ¢ããÊããè. ¹ã¥ã ‚ãÍããè Þãî‡ãŠ Öãñ¥ãñ ÔãÖ•ã Îã‡ã‹¾ã ‚ãÔã¦ãñ. 12¾ãã ¹ãƾ㦶ããâ½ã£¾ãñ, ½ãã¶ãÌããè ̾ããä‡ã‹¦ã½ã¦ÌããÞ¾ãã ¹ããäÀ¼ããÓãò¦ã •ãØã¦ããÞ¾ãã ÔÌãÁ¹ããÞãò Ìã¥ãö㠇ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãã ¹ãƾ㦶ã ãäªÔãî¶ã ¾ãñ¦ããñû —ãã¦ã ãäÌããäÎãÓ›ãÌãÁ¶ã ‚ã—ãã¦ã ãäÌãÎÌã̾ãã¹ã‡ãŠ Ôãã½ã㶾ããÞãò —ãã¶ã ‡ãŠÁ¶ã Üãñ¥¾ããÞãã ‚ãÔã㠾㦶㠹ãìÁÓãÔãî‡ã‹¦ããÔããÀŒ¾ãã ÀÞã¶ãò¦ã ãäªÔã¦ããñû ¾ãã Ôãî‡ã‹¦ãã½ã£¾ãò ãäÌãÎÌããÞãò ãäÌã¼ããØã Öò ¹ãìÁÓããÞãò, ½Ö¥ã•ãñ †‡ãŠã²ãã ¹ãÆÞãâ¡ ½ãã¶ãÌããè ̾ã‡ã‹¦ããèÞãñ, ‚ãÌã¾ãÌã Öãñ¦ã ‚ãÔãò Ìã¥ãö㠇ãñŠËñËò ‚ããÖñ. †‡ãŠã ‚ããõ£Ìãêñãäև㊠Ôãî‡ã‹¦ããâ¦ã ½ãð¦ããËã „ÿñÎãî¶ã ½Ö›Ëò ‚ããÖñ `¦ãì¢ãã ¶ãñ¨ã Ôãî¾ããÇ㊡ñ •ããÌããñ, ¦ãì¢ãã ¹ãÆã¥ã Ìãã¾ãî‡ãŠ¡ñ' ƒ¦¾ãããäª ¾ãñ©ãòãäÖ ¦ããñÞ㠾㦶ã Ô¹ãÓ›¹ã¥ãò ãäªÔã¦ããñû ¾ããŒãñÀãè•ã, •ããèÌã¶ããÌãξã‡ãŠ ÎÌããÔã ¾ãã ‚ã©ããöãñ `¹ãÆã¥ã' ¾ãã ̾ã‡ã‹¦ããèÞ¾ãã †‡ãŠã ½ãÖ¦ÌããÞ¾ãã Ü㛇ãŠãâÞãò Ôãã½ã㶾ããè‡ãŠÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÁ¶ã, ãäÌãÎÌã̾ãã¹ããè ¹ãÆã¥ã ¾ãã ‚ã©ããöãò, ¦ããñ ‚ããäŒãË •ãØã¦ããÞãã •ããèÌã¶ããÌãξã‡ãŠ Ü㛇㊠½ãã¶ã¥¾ããâ¦ããäÖ ‚ãÔããÞ㠾㦶ã ãäªÔã¦ããñû

S.Y.B.A. Special 1 Revised Study Material 2012

Title Of The Paper : Indian Philosophical Approaches

Unit 1: Upnishadic Philosophy

Prof. Shriniwas Hemade,hodhilosophy@sangamnercollege.org, 9226 56 30 52

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‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã ŸÀ¦ãñ, ¦¾ãã½ãìßñ ¾ãã ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãñ¦ã ¦¾ãã ÌãÔ¦ãîÞããè (ºãÚã) ãäÔ㣪¦ãã ‡ãŠñÊããèÞã ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ, ‚ãÔãñ ‚ã¹ããäÀÖã¾ãÃãäÀ¦¾ãã ŸÀ¦ã ¶ããÖãéû ¾ããÞã ‡ãŠãÀ¥ããÔ¦ãÌã ¦ããè ‚ããäÞã³î¹ã ‚ãÔããÌããè ‚ãÔãò ½ãã¶ãËò •ã㥾ããÞãã Ôãâ¼ãÌã ‚ããÖñû ‚ãÔãñ ªãñ¶ã ªãñÓã ãäªÔã¦ãã¦ã. „Ë›¹ãàããè ‚ã㦽¾ããÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãñ¦ã Öñ ªãñ¶Öãè ªãñÓã ¶ããÖãè¦ãû ¹ãÀâ¦ãì, `‚ã㦽ãã' ¾ãã Î㺪ãÞãã Ôãã½ã㶾ã¦ã: •ããèÌã㦽ãã ‚ãÔãã ‚ã©ãà ‡ãñŠËã ‡ãŠãè ¦ããè ‚ã㦽¾ããÞããè ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã ½ã¾ããÃã䪦㠺ã¶ã¦ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ½ãØã ãä¦ãËã Ôã½ãØãÆ ‚ãâãä¦ã½ã Ô㦦ãã (ãäÌãÍÌã㦽ãã ) Öã ‚ã©ãà ¾ãñÌãî Îã‡ãŠ¦ã ¶ããÖãè. `ãäÌãÎÌããÞãã ‚ã㦽ãã' ‚ãÔãã ‚ã㦽ãã ¾ãã Î㺪ãÞãã ‚ã©ãà Üãñ¦ãËã ¦ãÀãè ¼ããõãä¦ã‡ãŠ •ãØã Öñ ¦¾ããÖî¶ã ãä¼ã¸ã ‚ãÔãʾãã¶ãâñ, ¦¾ããËã ¼ããõãä¦ã‡ãŠ •ãØããÞããè ½ã¾ããê㠹㡦ãñû ¦ã©ãããä¹ã •ãñÌÖã ‚ã㦽ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ºãÚã ¾ãã ªãñ¶ã ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ããâÞãñ †‡ãŠ¨ããè‡ãŠÀ¥ã Öãñ¦ãò, ¦ãñÌÖãâ ¦¾ãã¦ãî¶ã, ãäÌãÀãñ£ã-ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã-¹ãÆãä‰ãŠ¾ãñ¶ãò, ãä•ãÞ¾ãã½ã£¾ãò ¾ãã ªãñ¶Öãè ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ããâ½ã£ãã èÊã ªãñÓã ¶ããÖãé¦ã ‚ãÎããè ãä¦ãÔãÀãè ãä¶ãªãñÃÓã ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã ãä¶ãÓ¹ã¸ã Öãñ¦ãñû ¦ããè ‚ã㦽¾ãã¹ãƽãã¥ãñ ãäÞã³î¹ã ‚ããÖñ; ¹ãÀâ¦ãì ‚ã㦽ãã ½ã¾ããÃã䪦㠂ããÖñ ¦ãÀ ¦ããè (ºãÆÚã) ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã ‚ã¶ã¶¦ã ‚ããÖñû Öñ ‚ãâãä¦ã½ã ¦ã¦Ìã ‚ãã¹ãʾãã ‚ã㦽¾ããÎããé †‡ãŠÁ¹ã ½ãã¶ãʾããºãÀãñºãÀ ¦¾ãã ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãñËã ¹ãî¥ãà ãä¶ããäÎÞã¦ã¦ãã ¹ãÆ㹦ã Öãñ¦ãñû ‚ãã¹ãʾãã ‚ã㦽¾ããÞãñ ¶ãñ½ã‡ãòŠ ÔÌãÁ¹ã ‚ãã¹ã¥ããâÔã ãä‡ãŠ¦ããèãäÖ ‚ã—ãã¦ã ‚ãÔãËò ¦ãÀãè, Ôããàãã¦ã-¹ãÆãäÞã¦ããè½ãìßñ, ‚ãã¹ã¥ããâÔã ‚ãã¹ãʾãã ÔÌã¦ã:Þ¾ãã ‚ããäÔ¦ã¦ÌããÞããè Ô㦾ã¦ãã ½ã㶾㠇ãŠÀãÌããèÞã ËãØã¦ãñû ¾ãã ÑãñÓŸ¦ãÀ Ô㦦ãñÞãâñ Ìã¥ãöã `Ô㦾ã½ã, —ãã¶ã½ã, ‚ã¶ã¶¦ã½ã' ¾ãã Î㺪ãâ¶ããé ‡ãñŠËñËò ‚ããÖñû ¾ãã¹ãõ‡ãŠãé `Ô㦾ã½ã' Öñ ¹ãª Ô㦦ãñÞããè Ôããàãã¦ãá ãä¶ããäÎÞã¦ã¦ãã ªÎãÃãäÌã¦ãò, `—ãã¶ã½ã' Öò ¹ãª ¦¾ãã Ô㦦ãñÞãò ãäÞã¦ÔÌãÁ¹ã ªÎãÃãäÌã¦ãñ, ‚ãããä¥ã `‚ã¶ãâ¦ã½ã' Öò ¹ãª ¦¾ãã Ô㦾ãñÞããè ÔãÌãÃ̾ãã¹ã‡ãŠ¦ãã ªÎãÃãäÌã¦ãòû Öò „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞãò ãä¶ãÁ¹ãããä£ã‡ãŠ¦ã¦Ìã Öãñ¾ã. †‡ãŠã ‚ã©ããöãñ, ¦ãò ºãÆÚã ¶ããÖãè ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ã㦽ãããäÖ ¶ããÖãé; ¹ãÀâ¦ãì ªìÔã-¾ãã ‚ã©ããöãñ ¦ãò ªãñ¶Öãè ‚ããÖñû ½ãã¶ãÌããè ‚ã㦽¾ãã½ã£¾ãò ¦¾ããÞãã ¹ãî¥ãæÌãã¶ãò ‚ãããäÌãÓ‡ãŠãÀ Öãñ¦ã ¶ãÔãËã ¦ãÀãè, ºããÖ¿ã •ãØã¦ãã¹ãñàããâ ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ ÞããâØãʾãã ¹ãƇãŠãÀñ Öãñ¦ããñû ºããÖ¿ã •ãØã¦ãã½ã£¾ãñ ¦ãò ¦ã¦Ìã ‡ãñŠÌãß •ã¡³Ì¾ã ¾ãã Á¹ãã¶ãò ̾ã‡ã‹¦ã Öãñ¦ã ‚ãÔãʾãã¶ãò, ¦ãñ©ãò ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã ÔÌãÁ¹ããÞãã ¹ãŠãÀ ½ããñŸã ¼ããØã ‚ã̾ã‡ã‹¦ã ÀãÖ¦ããñû ãä¶ãÀì¹ãããä£ã‡ãŠ ¦ã§Ìã ãäÔ㣪㶦ããÞãò ¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ã㪶ã Öãè ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¦ã¦Ìã—ãã¶ããÞ¾ãã Ôã½ãØãÆ ƒãä¦ãÖãÔãã½ã£ããèË ÔãÌããæ㠽ãÖ¦ÌããÞããè ¹ãÆØããä¦ã ½Ö›Ëãè ¹ãããäÖ•ãñû ¾ãã ãäÔ㣪㶦ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ã㪶ãã¶ãñò ¦ã¦Ìã—ãã¶ããÞ¾ãã ¼ãîãä½ã‡ãñŠ½ã£¾ãò •ã¥ãì †‡ãŠ ‰ãŠãã䶦ã Üã¡î¶ã ‚ããËãèû ªãñ¶ã ãäÌãÞããÀÔãÀ¥ããèÞ¾ãã †‡ãŠ¦Ìãã¶ãñ ºãÆÚãÌãÔ¦ãìÞãñÖãè †‡ãŠ¦Ìã ¹ããÌãÊãñ.¾ãã ¹ããäÀÌã¦ãöããÞãò ÔÌãÁ¹ã ¹ãì¤ãèË Òӛ㶦ãã¶ãò Ëàããâ¦ã ¾ã ñƒÃËû ‚ãÎããè ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã ‡ãŠÀã ‡ãŠãè, ‡ãŠãâÖãé Ëãñ‡ãŠãâ¶ãã Îãì‰ãŠ ¦ããÀã ¹ãîÌãóËã ãäªÔã¦ããñ †Ìã¤ñÞã ½ããÖãè¦ã ‚ããÖñ, ¦ãÀ ƒ¦ãÀãâ¶ãã ¦ããñ ¹ããäÎÞã½ãñËã ãäªÔã¦ããñ ƒ¦ã‡ãòŠÞã ½ããÖãè¦ã ‚ããÖñû ¾ããâ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè ¹ãƦ¾ãñ‡ãŠ Øã›ãËã ‚ãÔãò Ìã㛦ãò ‡ãŠãè, ‚ãã¹ãʾããËã •ããñ ¦ããÀã ãäªÔã¦ããñ ¦ããñ ƒ¦ãÀãâ¶ãã ãäªÔã¥ãã-¾ãã ¦ãã-¾ãã¦ãî¶ã ÌãñØãßã ‚ããÖñû ‚ãÎãã ãäÔ©ã¦ããè¦ã, •ãÀ †‡ãŠã²ããËã ‚ãÔãã Îããñ£ã ËãØãËã ‡ãŠãè, ªãñ¶Öãè ÌãÔ¦ãì¦ã: †‡ãŠÞã ‚ããÖñ¦ãû •ããñ ¹ãîÌãóÞãã ¦ããÀã ‚ããÖñ ¦ããñÞã ¹ããäÎÞã½ãñÞãã ¦ããÀã ‚ããÖñ, ¦ãÀ Îãì‰ãŠ ¦ãã-¾ãããäÌãÓã¾ããéÞ¾ãã ÒãäÓ›‡ãŠãñ¶ããâ¦ã •¾ãã ¹ãƇãŠãÀÞãò ¹ããäÀÌã¦ãöã ÖãñƒÃË, ¦ãÔãòÞã ¹ããäÀÌã¦ãö㠹ãÆÔ¦ãì¦ã ¹ãÆζããÞ¾ãã ºããºã¦ããè¦ã ¢ããËòû ¼ããÀ¦ãã½ã£¾ãñ Œã-¾ãã †‡ãŠ¦ÌããÞããè ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã ‡ãñŠÌãß ¾ããÞã ‚ãÌãÔ©ãñ¦ã ¹ãÆ㹦㠢ããËãèû

„¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞããè ‚ã㦽ã½ãã è½ããâÔãã

‚ã㦽ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ºãÆÚã ¾ããâÞãã Ôãâºãâ£ã : `•ããèÌãã' Þãñ ÔÌãÁ¹ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãÌãÔ©ãã

¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¦ã¦Ìã—ãã¶ããÞ¾ãã Ôã⪼ããæ㠽ãã¶ãÔãÎããÔ¨ã (psychology) Î㺪 ‚ã㦽¾ããÞãò ÎããÔ¨ã ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ‚ã㦽ã-ãäÔ㣪ãâ¦ã ¾ãã ‚ã©ããöãñ Ìãã¹ãÀÊãã •ãã¦ããñ.¦¾ããâ¦ããèË ¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ã㪶ã `‚ã㦽ãã ‚ããäÔ¦ã¦Ìããâ¦ã ‚ããÖñ' ¾ãã ØãðÖãè¦ã ãäÌã£ãã¶ããâÌãÀ ‚ãã£ããÀËñËñ ‚ããÖñ. „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞ¾ãã ¨ãÉÓããéÞããè ‚ãÎããè ¼ãîãä½ã‡ãŠã ‚ããÖñ ‡ãŠãé, ‚ã㦽¾ããÞãò ‚ããäÔ¦ã¦Ìã Öò ÔãÌãà ‚ã¶ãì¼ãÌããÞãâñ ØãðÖãè¦ã‡ãŠ ‚ããÖñû ¦ãñ ÔãÌãà ãäÔ㣪¦ãñÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆãä‰ãŠ¾ããâÞãã ‚ãã£ããÀ ‚ãÔãʾãã¶ãò, ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã ãäÔ㣪¦ãñÞããè ‚ããÌãξã‡ãŠ¦ãã ¶ããÖãéû `•¾ããÞ¾ãã ÔãÖã¾¾ãã¶ãò Öñ ÔãÌãà •ãã¥ãËò •ãã¦ãñ ¦ãñ ‡ãŠÎããÞ¾ãã ÔãÖã¾¾ãã¶ãò •ãã¥ã¥ãò Îã‡ã‹¾ã ‚ããÖñ ? ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦¾ãã Ôãã£ã¶ãã¶ãò —ã㦾ããÞãò —ãã¶ã Öãñ¥ãò Îã‡ã‹¾ã ‚ããÖñ ? ¦ãñ Íã‡ãŠ¿ã

S.Y.B.A. Special 1 Revised Study Material 2012

Title Of The Paper : Indian Philosophical Approaches

Unit 1: Upnishadic Philosophy

Prof. Shriniwas Hemade,hodhilosophy@sangamnercollege.org, 9226 56 30 52

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¶ããÖãè.¦ãñ ØãðÖãè¦ãÞã £ãÀãÌãñ ÊããØã¦ãñ.¾ãã ‡ãŠãÀ¥ããÔ¦ãÌã, „¹ããä¶ãÓãªò ¹ãƦ¾ãàã¦ã: ‚ã㦽¾ããÞ¾ãã ‚ããäÔ¦ã¦ÌããÞããè ãäÔ㣪¦ãã ªñ¥¾ããÞãã ¹ãƾ㦶㠇ãŠÀãè¦ã ¶ããÖãé¦ãû ¦ã©ãããä¹ã, ¦¾ãã½ã£¾ãò ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ ÔãîÞã‡ãŠ ãäÌã£ãã¶ãñâ ‡ãñŠËñËãè ‚ããÖñ¦ãû „ªãÖÀ¥ãã©ãÃ, ‚ã㦽ãã ãä‡ãâŠÌãã •ããèÌã ¾ããËã `¹ãìÁÓã' ½Ö›Ëò ‚ãÔãî¶ã, `¹ãìÁÓã' ¾ãã Î㺪ãÞããè ̾ã즹ãã䦦㠹ãìãäÀ-Îã¾ã, `•ããñ ªñÖãÞ¾ãã ªìØããý㣾ãò ÀãÖ¦ããñ ¦ããñ', ‚ãÎããè ãäªËãè ‚ããÖñû ¾ããÞãã ‚ã©ãà ‚ãÔãã ‡ãŠãé, ªñÖ ‚ãããä¥ã ÔãÖ‡ãŠã¾ããöãñ ãä‰ãŠ¾ãã ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀñ ¦¾ããÞãñ ãäÌããäÌã£ã ‚ãÌã¾ãÌã ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ããäÔ¦ã¦ÌããÌãÁ¶ã, •¾ããÞãã Öñ¦ãî ¦¾ããâ½ãìßò ¹ãî¥ãà Öãñ¦ããñ ‚ãÎãã ‡ãŠãâÖãè ÌãÔ¦ãîÞãò ‚ã¶ãì½ãã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ããâ ¾ãñ¦ãòû •¾ããÞ¾ããÌããÞãî¶ã ªñÖ¾ãâ¨ã¥ãã ãä¶ãÀ©ãÇ㊠ŸÀñË ‚ãÎããè ¦ããè ÌãÔ¦ãì ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ‚ã㦽ãã Öãñ¾ã. ‡ãŠ½ãÃãäÔ㣪ãâ¦ããÌãÀ ‚ãã£ããÀËñËò ªìÔãÀò †‡ãŠ ÔãîÞã‡ãŠ ãäÌã£ãã¶ã ‡ãŠãâÖãè ã䟇ãŠã¥ããé ‚ãã¤ß¦ãòû „ªãÖÀ¥ãã©ãà †‡ãŠã ‚ãã¾ãìÓ¾ããÞ¾ãã ½ã¾ããÃã䪦㠇ãŠãËãÌã£ããè½ã£¾ãñ ‚ãã¹ãʾãã ÔãÌãà ‡ãðŠ¦¾ããâÞããè ¹ãŠßò ¼ããñØã¥ãò ‚ãã¹ã¥ããâÔã Îã‡ã‹¾ã ¶ããÖãè.•ããñ¹ã¾ãĦ㠂ãã¹ãËã ãäÌãÞããÀ Ìã¦ãýãã¶ã ‚ãã¾ãìÓ¾ãã¹ãìÀ¦ããÞã ½ã¾ããÃã䪦㠂ããÖñ ¦ããñ¹ã¾ãĦã, ‚ãã¹ã¥ããâÔã •ãò Îãì¼ããÎãì¼ã ¼ããñØããÌãò ËãØã¦ãò ¦¾ããÞãã ¹ãî¥ãà ŒãìËãÔãã ‡ãŠÀ¦ããâ ¾ãñ¦ã ¶ããÖãéû •ããèÌã¶ãããäÌãÓã¾ããèÞ¾ãã ÔãÌãà ãä¶ãÀãèãäàã¦ã Ü㛶ããâÞãã ŒãìËãÔãã †‡ãŠã •ã¶½ããÞ¾ãã ‚ãã£ããÀò ‡ãŠÀ¦ããâ ¾ãñ¦ã ¶ããÖãè. ¶ãõãä¦ã‡ãŠ ¹ãŠË¹ãÆ㹦ããèãäÌãÓã¾ããèÞ¾ãã Ôãã½ã㶾ã Ñ㣪ñËã ¾ããñؾ㠂ãã£ããÀ ‚ãÔãñË ¦ãÀ, ‚ã㦽¾ããâÞãñ ¹ãì¶ãªóÖ£ããÀ¥ã ½ã㶾㠇ãŠÁ¶ãÞã ‚ã㦽¾ããÞ¾ãã Ìã¦ãýãã¶ã •ããèÌã¶ããâ¦ããèË •¾ãã ØããñÓ›ãéÞãã ŒãìËãÔãã Öãñ¦ã ¶ããÖãé ¦¾ããâÞãã ŒãìËãÔãã ¦¾ãã ‚ã㦽¾ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãîÌãÕ㶽ããéÞ¾ãã ‡ãðŠ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ãã£ããÀñ ‡ãñŠËã ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ. ‚ãããä¥ã ¾ã㠕㶽ããâ¦ããèË ‚㶾ãã¾ã‡ãŠãÀ‡ãŠ Ìã㛥ãã-¾ãã ØããñÓ›ãéÞããè ¹ãñŠ¡ ¶ãâ¦ãÀÞ¾ã㠕㶽ããâ¦ã Öãñ¥ããÀ ‚ããÖñ ‚ãÔãò ½ãã¶ãËò ¹ãããäÖ•ãñû „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¦ããèË ãä¶ãÁ¹ãããä£ã‡ãŠ¦ã¦ÌãããäÌãÓã¾ããéÞ¾ãã ªãñ¶ã ãäÔ㣪ãâ¦ãã½ã£¾ãò ‚ã㦽ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãâãä¦ã½ã ¦ã¦Ìã, ãä‡ãâŠÌãã •ããèÌã ‚ãããä¥ã ºãÆ½Ö ¾ããâÞ¾ãã Ôãâºãâ£ãããäÌãÓã¾ããé ‡ãŠãâÖãèÔãò ãä¼ã¸ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ã㪶㠂ããÖñû ‚ãâãä¦ã½ã ¦ã¦ÌããÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÎÌã̾ãã¹ããè ÔÌãÁ¹ããÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãñ¶ãìÔããÀ, •ããèÌã Öã, ¦ã㦹ãìÀ¦ãã ‡ãŠã ÖãñƒÃ¶ãã, ºãÆÚããÞãã †‡ãŠ ÌããÔ¦ãÌã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã ‚ãÔãʾãã¶ãò, ¾ãã ÒÓ›ãè¶ãñ •ããèÌã ºãÆÚããÍããè †‡ãŠÁ¹ããäÖ ‚ããÖñ ‚ãããä¥ã ºãÆÚããÖî¶ã ãä¼ã¸ããäÖ ‚ããÖûñ Öñ ºãÆÚãÞã •ããèÌãÁ¹ãã¶ãò ¼ããÔã¦ãòû ¦ãñÌÖãâ, ‚ãã¹ã¥ã •ããèÌã ½Ö¥ãî¶ã ¾ãã ºãÆÚããÖî¶ã ãä¼ã¸ã ‚ããÖãñ¦ãû ¦ã©ãããä¹ã •ããèÌã ÔÌã¦ã:Ëã ½ã¾ããÃã䪦ã Ôã½ã•ã¦ã ‚ãÔãËã ¦ãÀãè ŒãÀãñŒãÀ ¦ããñ ¦ãÔãã ¶ããÖãè. ¦ãñ©ãñ ÔÌã-‚ã¦ããè¦ã ‚ãÌãÔ©ãñÞãã ‚ããä´¦ããè¾ã ‚ã¶ãì¼ãÌã, ºããñ£ã¶ã (½ã¶ããñ½ã¾ã) ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ã㦽ãºããñ£ã¶ã (ãäÌã—ãã¶ã½ã¾ã) ¾ããâÖî¶ã, ÑãñÓŸ ¹ãã¦ãßãèÞãã ½ãã¶ãËã ‚ããÖñ; ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã, ‚ãÎãã ‚ãÌãÔ©ãñ½ã£¾ãò ‡ãŠãä¶ãÓŸ ¹ãã¦ãßãèÌãÀãèË ÔãâÜãÓãà ‚ãããä¥ã Ôãâ¼ãƽ㠾ããâÞãã ãä¶ãÀãÔã ¢ããËñËã ‚ãÔã¦ããñû Îããâãä¦ã Öò ¾ãã ‚ãÌãÔ©ãòÞãñ ÔããÀ¼ãî¦ã ‚ãàã¥ã ‚ããÖñ Öò ªãŒããäÌ㥾ããÔããŸãé ¾ãã ‚ãÌãÔ©ãñËã `‚ãã¶ã⪽ã¾ã' ‚ãÔãò ¶ããâÌã ãäªËò ‚ããÖñû •ããèÌã Öã Î㺪 `•ããèÌãá' ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ÎÌããÔããñÎÌããÔã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãò, ¾ãã £ãã¦ãî¹ããÔãî¶ã ‚ããËã ‚ããÖñ, `•ããèÌã' ¾ãã ¶ããâÌãã½ãìßò, •ããèÌã¶ã̾ãã¹ããÀãâ¹ãõ‡ãŠãé ÎÌãÔã¶ããÔããÀŒ¾ãã, Øã㤠¢ããñ¹ãñ½ã£¾ãò ½ã¶ã ãä¶ããäӉ㊾㠂ãÔã¦ããâ¶ãããäÖ ÞããËîâ ÀÖã¥ãã-¾ãã, •ãõÌã ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ‚ãºããñ£ã ãä‰ãŠ¾ãã ¾ãã †‡ãŠã ¹ãƇãŠãÀÞ¾ãã ãä‰ãŠ¾ããâÞãã ¹ãÆã½ã쌾ãã¶ãñ ãä¶ãªóÎã Öãñ¦ããñû „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¶ããè `¼ããñ‡ã‹¦ãã', ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ‚ã¶ãì¼ãÌã Üãñ¥ããÀã, ‚ãããä¥ã `‡ãŠ¦ããÃ' ‚ãÎããé, •ããèÌã ¾ãã ‚ã©ããÃÞããéÞã, ‚ãã¥ãŒããè ªãñ¶ã ¹ãªò Ìãã¹ãÀËãè ‚ããÖñ¦ãû Öãè ªãñ¶Öãé ¹ãªò ãä½ãßî¶ã •ããèÌã¶ã̾ãã¹ããÀãâ¹ãõ‡ãŠãé ½ãã¶ããäÔã‡ãŠ ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ºããñ£ã㦽ã‡ãŠ ãä‰ãŠ¾ãã ¾ãã ªìÔã-¾ãã ¹ãƇãŠãÀÞ¾ãã ãä‰ãŠ¾ããâÞãã ¹ãÆã½ã쌾ãã¶ãñ ãä¶ãªóÎã Öãñ¦ããñû ‚ãºããñ£ã ãä‰ãŠ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ¦ã¦ÌããËã `¹ãÆã¥ã' ‚ãããä¥ã ºããñ£ã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã ãä‰ãŠ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ¦ã¦ÌããËã `½ã¶ãÔãá' ‚ãÎããé ¶ããâÌãò ãäªËñËãé ‚ããÖñ¦ãû Öãé ªãñ¶ã ¦ã¦Ìãò ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ‚ã㦽¾ããÞ¾ãã †ñãäև㊠•ããèÌã¶ããâ¦ããèË „¹ãããä£ã Öãñ¦ãû ¾ãã ªãñ¶ã „¹ãã£ããè ºãÀãñºãÀÞã •ã¡ ÎãÀãèÀ Öãè ‚ã㦽¾ããÞããè ãä¦ãÔãÀãè †‡ãŠ „¹ãããä£ã ‚ããÖñû ¹ãŠ‡ã‹¦ã Öãè ãä¦ãÔãÀãè „¹ãããä£ã, ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ÎãÀãèÀ, ¹ãƦ¾ãñ‡ãŠ •ã¶½ããâ¦ã ãä¼ã¸ã ‚ãÔã¦ãñû ¦ãñâÌÖã (1)ÎãÀãèÀ (2)¹ãÆã¥ã ‚ãããä¥ã (3) ½ã¶ãÔãá ¾ãã ¦ããè¶ã „¹ãããä£ã ãä½ãßî¶ã ‚ã㦽¾ããÞãò •ã¥ãìâ `ƒÖËãñ‡ãŠãéÞãñ ãä¶ãÌããÔãÔ©ãã¶ã' ºã¶ãËñËò ‚ãÔã¦ãòû ‚ã㦽¾ããÞ¾ãã ºããñ£ã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã ãä‰ãŠ¾ãã ¾ãã, ½ã¶ãã¶ãòâ ªÖã ƒâãä³¾ããâÞ¾ãã ÔãÖã¾¾ãã¶ãò ‡ãñŠËñʾãã ãä‰ãŠ¾ãã Öãñ¦ãû ¹ãÖã¥ãò, †ñ‡ãŠ¥ãò, Ô¹ãÎãà ‡ãŠÀ¥ãò, ÌããÔã Üãñ¥ãò ‚ãããä¥ã ÞãÌã Üãñ¥ãò Öãè ‚ã¶ãì‰ãŠ½ãñ ÞãàãìÔãð, Ñããñ¨ã, ¦Ìã‡ãŠ, ¹ãÆã¥ã ‚ãããä¥ã ÀÔã¶ãã ¾ãã ¹ããâÞ㠇㊽ãôãä³¾ããâ¶ããè Öãñ¥ããÀãè ‡ãŠ½ãñà Öãñ¦ã.

S.Y.B.A. Special 1 Revised Study Material 2012

Title Of The Paper : Indian Philosophical Approaches

Unit 1: Upnishadic Philosophy

Prof. Shriniwas Hemade,hodhilosophy@sangamnercollege.org, 9226 56 30 52

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¾ãã ÔãÌããÃâ½ããØããèÊã ½ã¶ã †‡ãŠÞã ‚ãÔã¦ãò Öò „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¶ããé Ô¹ãÓ›¹ã¥ãò ¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ã㪶㠇ãñŠ‡ãŠËò ‚ããÖñû ºãðÖªãÀ¥¾ã‡ãŠãñ¹ããä¶ãÓãªã½ã£¾ãò ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ ½ãã¶ããäÔã‡ãŠ Îã‡ã‹¦ããéÞããè †‡ãŠ ¾ããªãè ãäªËñËãè ‚ãÔãî¶ã, ÎãñÌã›ãé ‚ãÔãò ½Ö›Ëò ‚ããÖñ ‡ãŠãè, `¾ãã ÔãÌããÄÞãã ½ã¶ãã½ã£¾ãòÞã Ôã½ããÌãñÎã ‚ããÖñ'û ¦¾ããÞããé ‡ãŠã¾ãÃñ ãä‡ãŠ¦ããèãäÖ ãä¼ã¸ã ¹ãƇãŠãÀÞããè ‚ãÔãËãé ¦ãÀãè, ºããñ£ããÞãò ‡ãòŠ³Ô©ãã¶ããè ‚ãÔãËñËò ƒâã䳾㠾ãã ÒãäÓ›¶ãò ½ã¶ã †‡ãŠÞã ‚ããÖñû ¦ãò —ãã¶ãòãä³¾ããâÞãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠ½ãóãä³¾ããâÞãò ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãòû ¦ãò —ãã¶ãòãä³¾ããÞ¾ãã ´ãÀã ºããÖ¾ã ÌãÔ¦ãîâ‡ãŠ¡î¶ã ¾ãñ¥ãã-¾ãã ÔãâÔ‡ãŠãÀãâÞãã Ôã½ã¶Ìã¾ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãò, ‚ãããä¥ã, ‚ãÌãξ㠦ãñÌÖãâ, ¹ããâÞ㠇㊽ãóãä³¾ããâ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè †‡ãŠã²ãã ƒâãä³¾ããÞ¾ãã ÔãÖã¾¾ãã¶ãò ‡ãŠãâÖãé ãä‰ãŠ¾ãã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞãã Ôãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãòû ¾ãã ªãñ¶ã ƒâãä³¾ãÔã½ãîÖãâÎããè ½ã¶ããÞãã •ããñ Ôãâºãâ£ã ‚ããÖñ ¦¾ããÞããè ¦ãì˶ãã ÔãâÌãñª¶ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãðŠãä¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãã-¾ã㠽㕕ãã¦ãâ¦ãîâÎããè ½ãòªîÞãã •ããñ Ôãâºãâ£ã ‚ããÖñ ¦¾ããÞ¾ããÎããè ‡ãñŠËãè ØãñËãè ‚ããÖñ.

¹ãÀã ãäÌã²ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ã¹ãÀã ãäÌã²ãã

½ã쥡‡ãŠãñ¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¦ã ÑãñÓŸ —ãã¶ã (¹ãÀã ãäÌã²ãã ) ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠãä¶ãÓŸ —ãã¶ã (‚ã¹ãÀã ãäÌã²ãã ) ‚ãÔãñ —ãã¶ããÞãñ ªãñ¶ã ¹ãƇãŠãÀ ½ãã¶ãËò ‚ããÖñ¦ã.¹ãÀã ãäÌã²ãã ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ºãÆÚã—ãã¶ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ã¹ãÀã ãäÌã²ãã ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ‚ã¶ãì¼ãÌããäÌãÓã¾ããâÞãñ = •ãØã¦ããÞãñ —ãã¶ã. ºãÆÚ¾ããÞãñ —ãã¶ã Öãñ¥ãñ ¾ããÞãã ‚ã©ãà ÔãÌãà ÌãÔ¦ãì•ãã¦ããÞ¾ãã ‚ãã£ããÀ¼ãî¦ã ¦ã¦ÌããÞãñ ½ã½ãêÎãöã Üã¡¥ãñû ¾ãã ‚ã©ããöãñ ¦¾ããËã ¹ãî¥ãà —ãã¶ã ½Öâ›Êãñ •ãã¦ãñ. ‚ããããä¥ã ¾ããÞã ÒãäÓ›¶ãñ ¦ãñ ‡ãŠãä¶ãÓŸ —ãã¶ããÖî¶ã ãä¼ã¸ã ‚ããÖñû ‡ãŠãä¶ãÓŸ —ãã¶ã ãä‡ãŠ¦ããèãäÖ ¢ããËò ¦ãÀãè, ¦ã웹ãìâ•ãñÞã ŸÀ¦ãñ, ¾ãã ªãñ¶ã ¹ãƇãŠãÀÞ¾ãã —ãã¶ããâ½ã£¾ãò ãäÌãÀãñ£ã ¶ããÖãèû ‚ã©ããæã, Öñ ºãÆÚããÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÎÌã̾ãã¹ããè ÔÌãÁ¹ããÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãñ¶ãìÔããÀ ãäªËñÊãñ ãäÌãÌãÀ¥ã Öãñ¾ã. „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ½ã£¾ãò ªìÔã-¾ãã †‡ãŠã ÒãäÓ›‡ãŠãñ¶ããÞãò ãä¦ã¦ã‡ã‹¾ããÞã ÔÓ›¹ã¥ãò ¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ã㪶㠇ãñŠËñËò ‚ãã¤ß¦ãòû ¾ãã ÒãäÓ›‡ãŠãñ¶ãã¶ãìÔããÀ, ºãÆÚã¦ã¦Ìã ÔãÌãà —ãã¶ã-Ü㛇ãŠãâÞ¾ãã ¹ãËãè‡ãŠ¡Þãò ‚ãÔãʾãã¶ãò, ¦ãò •ãã¥ã¦ããâ ¾ãñ¦ã ¶ããÖãéû ` ãäÌãÞããÀ ‚ãããä¥ã ÌããÞãã, ¦ãñ ¶ã Ôãã¹ã¡Ê¾ãã¶ãò, ¦¾ãã¹ããÔãî¶ã ½ããØãñ ãä¹ãŠÀ¦ãã¦ã' ‚ãÔãã ÒãäÓ›‡ãŠãñ¶ã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªã¦ã ½ããâ¡Êãã ØãñÊãã ‚ããÖñ. ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ºãÆÚã ‚ã—ãñ¾ã ‚ããÖñ! ºãÆÚ¾ããÞ¾ãã ÔÌãÁ¹ããÞãñ Öñ ‚ã—ãñ¾ã¦Ìã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¶ããè ÌãñØãÌãñØãß¾ãã Àãè¦ããé¶ããé ªãŒããäÌãËò ‚ããÖñû „ªãÖÀ¥ãã©ãÃ, ƒÃÎããñ¹ããä¶ãÓãªã½ã£¾ãò ºãÆÚ¾ããÊãã ¹ãÀÔ¹ãÀ̾ããÜãã¦ããè ãäÌãÎãñÓã¥ãñ ÊããÌãÊããè ‚ããÖñ¦ã : ` ¦ãñ ÞãË ‚ããÖñ, ¦ãñ ‚ãÞãË ‚ããÖñû ¦ãñ ªîÀÔ©ã ‚ããÖñ, ¦ãñ Ôã½ããè¹ãÔ©ã ‚ããÖñû ¦ãñ ¾ãã ÔãÌããÄÞ¾ãã ‚ããâ¦ã ‚ããÖñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¾ãã ÔãÌããÄÞ¾ãã ºããÖñÀãäÖ ‚ããÖñ'û Îãâ‡ãŠÀãÞãã¾ããĶããè `Ìãñªã¶¦ãÔãî¨ãã' ÌãÀãèË ¼ããÓ¾ããâ¦ã •¾ããÞãã „ÊËñŒã ‡ãñŠËã ‚ããÖñ, ( ¹ãÀâ¦ãì •ãñ ‚ãã¦ããâ „¹ã˺£ã ¶ããÖãè ) ‚ãÎãã †‡ãŠã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ½ã£¾ãñ ¾ãã ºãÆÚã¦ã¦Ìã ÔãÌããó¦‡ãðŠÓ› „ªãÖÀ¥ã ãäªÊãñ. ºããÓ‡ãŠËãè ¶ãã½ã‡ãŠ ãäÍãӾ㠺ãÆÚã¦ã¦ÌããÞãñ ãäÌãÎ㪠‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãããäÌãÓã¾ããè ºãã£Ìã ¾ãã ØãìÀìÊãã ãäÌã¶ãâ¦ããè ‡ãñŠËãè; ºãã£Ìã ¦¾ããËã ½ããõ¶ãã¶ãòÞã „¦¦ãÀ ªñ¦ããñ ‚ãÎããè ‡ãŠ©ãã ‚ããÖñû ºããÓ‡ãŠËãè¶ãò ¹ãÆã©ãöãã ‡ãñŠËãè: `¼ãØãÌã¶ãá ½ãËã —ãã¶ã ²ããÌãñ.ºãã£Ìã Ԧ㺣ã ÀããäÖËãû •ãñÌÖã ªìÔã-¾ããâªã ‚ãããä¥ã ãä¦ãÔã-¾ããâªã ¦ããèÞã ãäÌã¶ãâ¦ããè ‡ãñŠËãè ØãñËãè, ¦ãñÌÖãâ ºãã£Ìã „§ãÀÊãã : '`½ããè —ãã¶ã ªñ¦ã ‚ããÖñ, ¹ãÀâ¦ãì ¦ãìËã ¦¾ããÞãñ ØãÆ֥㠇ãŠÀ¦ããâ ¾ãñ¦ã ¶ããÖãèû ‚ã㦽ãã ãä¶ã:Î㺪 ‚ããÖñû „¹ãÎã㶦ããñ¾ã½ã㦽ãã ý' ¾ãã ‚ã©ãà ºãÆÚã—ãã¶ã Öãñ¦ãÞã ¶ããÖãè ¦ãÀ Öãè ¼ãîãä½ã‡ãŠã ‚ã—ãñ¾ãÌããªãè (agnostic) ŸÀ¦ã ¶ããÖãé ‡ãŠã¾ã ? ¾ããÞãò „¦¦ãÀ ‚ãÔãñ ‡ãŠãè '' •ãÀãè ‚ãã¹ã¥ã ºãÆ½Ö •ãã¥ãî Îã‡ãŠ¦ã ¶ãÔãÊããñ ¦ãÀãè, ‚ãã¹ã¥ã ºãÆÚã ÖãñÌãî Îã‡ãŠ¦ããñû `•ããñ ºãÆÚã `•ãã¥ã¦ããñ' ¦ããñ ºãÆÚãÞã Öãñ¦ããñ'û ‚ãÎãã ¹ãÀ½ããñ¦‡ãŠÓããÃÞãò •ãò Ôãã£ã¶ã ¦¾ããËã `ãäÌã²ãã' ½Ö¥ã¦ãã¦ã.

ºãÆÚã, ‚ã㦽ãã,‡ãŠ½ãà ¾ãã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªã¦ããèË ½ãî˼ãî¦ã ãäÔ㣪㶦ã Öñ `ºãÆÚã¶ãá' Ìã `‚ã㦽ã¶ãá' ¾ãã ªãñ¶ã ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ããâ¼ããñÌã¦ããè ‡ãŠñâªÆãè¦ã ¢ããËñËñ ‚ããÖñ¦ã, ‚ãÔãò ½Ö¥ã¥¾ããâ¦ã ‚ããä¦ãÎã¾ããñãä‡ã‹¦ã ¶ããÖãèû ¾ããâ¹ãõ‡ãŠãè 'ºãÆÚã¶ãá' ¾ãã ¹ãªã¶ãñ ãäÌãÎÌãã¹ããŸãè½ããØããèË Ô㦾㠪ÎãÃãäÌãËò ‚ããÖñ; Ìã `‚ã㦽ã¶ãá' ¾ãã ¹ãªã¶ãñ ½ãã¶ãÌããâ¦ããèË `Ô㦾ã' ‚ããä¼ã¹ãñƦ㠂ããÖñû „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¦ããèË ãäÌãÞããÀÌãâ¦ã ºããÛã ãäÌãÎããË ÔãðãäÓ› •ãÎããè ½ãã¶ã¦ãã¦ã, ¦ãÎããèÞã ¾ãã ºããÛã ãäÌãÎÌãã¹ãƽãã¥ãñÞã ¦¾ããâÞ¾ããÎããè ÔãìÔãâÌããªãè ‚ãÎããè ½ãã¶ãÌããâ¦ããèË ‚ãâ¦ã¾ããýããèÞããè ÔãðãäÓ›Öãè ½ãã¶ã¦ãã¦ãû

S.Y.B.A. Special 1 Revised Study Material 2012

Title Of The Paper : Indian Philosophical Approaches

Unit 1: Upnishadic Philosophy

Prof. Shriniwas Hemade,hodhilosophy@sangamnercollege.org, 9226 56 30 52

Page 16 of 17

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¦¾ããâÞãã ¹ãƾ㦶ã Ôã¦ã¦ã ¾ãã ªãñ¶Öãè ãäÌãÎÌããâ¦ããèË `Ô㦾ã' Îããñ£ãî¶ã ¦¾ããâÞãã ¹ãÀÔ¹ãÀÔãâºãâ£ã ‡ãŠã¾ã ‚ããÖñ Öò ¹ããÖ¥¾ãã‡ãŠ¡ñ ‚ããÖñû ¾ãã ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ã¼¾ããÔããÞ¾ãã ªãñ¶ã ãäªÎãã ‚ããÖñ¦ãû '' ãäÌãÎÌã Öñ ºãÆÚã½ã£ãî¶ã ãä¶ã½ããå㠢ããËò ‚ããÖñ, ¦¾ãã½ãìßñÞã ãäÔ©ãÀãÌãÊãñ ‚ããÖñ Ìã ‚ãâ¦ããé ¦¾ãã½ã£¾ãñÞã ãäÌãËãè¶ã ÌÖãÌã¾ããÞãò ‚ããÖñ. ‚ã¦ã†Ìã ãäÌãÎÌã Öñ ºãÆÚãÞã ‚ããÖñû'' ‚ãÔãã ¦¾ããâÞãã ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠÓãà ‚ããÖñ. ÖãÞã ‚ã©ãà `ÔãÌãà ŒãËî ƒªâ ºãÆÚã ¾ãã Ìã ‚ãÎããÔããÀŒ¾ãã ½ãÖãÌãã‡ã‹¾ããâ¶ããè ÔããâãäØã¦ãËñËã ‚ããÖñû ½ãã¶ãÌã Ìã ãäÌãÎÌãã½ã£¾ãñ ‚ãâãä¦ã½ã Ô㦾ã `‚ã㦽ã¶ãá' ‚ããÖñ Ìã ªñÖãÞãã ãäÌã¶ããÎã ¢ããËã ¦ãÀãè `‚ã㦽ã¶ãá' ‚ã½ãÀ,‚ããäÌã¶ããÎããè, ãäÌããä‰ãŠ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ¹ãËãè‡ãŠ¡ñ ‚ãÔãã ‚ããÖñû Öã `‚ã㦽ãã' ‚ãã¶ãâªÔÌãÁ¹ã ‚ããÖñû `¦ã¦Ô㦾ãâ Ôã ‚ã㦽ãã', `†Óã Ôã ‚ã㦽ãã' ¾ããâÔããÀŒ¾ãã ÌãÞã¶ããâ¦ã Öã ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠÓãà ÔããâãäØã¦ãËñËã ‚ããÖñû ‚ã㦽ãã Ìã ºãÆÚã Öãè ªãñ¶Öãè †‡ãŠÞã ‚ããÖñ¦ã, Öã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞãã ÔãÌããĦ㠽ãÖ¦ÌããÞãã ‚ãããä¥ã ½ããõãäˇ㊠‚ãÔãã ãäÔ㣪㶦㠂ããÖñû Öã ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠÓãà `‚ãÖâ ºãÆÚãããäÔã', `¦ã¦Ìã½ããäÔã' ‚ãÎããâÔããÀŒ¾ãã ½ãÖãÌãã‡ã‹¾ããâ¦ãî¶ã ̾ã§ãŠ Öãñ¦ããñ.½ãã¶ãÌã Ìã ãäÌãÎÌã ¾ããâ½ã£¾ãñ †‡ãŠÞã Þãõ¦ã¶¾ã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã ‚ãã¶ãâªÔÌãÁ¹ã ‚ããäÌã¶ããÎããè ‚ãÔãò ¦ã¦Ìã ‚ããÖñû ºãã‡ãŠãè ÔããÀñ ¼ããõãä¦ã‡ãŠ ‚ãÔãî¶ã ãäÌã¶ããÎããè ‚ããÖñ Ìã ¦¾ããÞãò ¦ããÒÎã ½ãÖ¦ÌããäÖ ¶ããÖãèû Öò ‚ãã¶ãâª-ÔÌãÁ¹ã Ìãã ÔããäÞÞãªã¶ãâªÔÌãÁ¹ã ºãÆÚã •ãã¥ãî¶ã ¦ãªîƹã Öãñ¥ãò, ‚ãã¹ãËñ ¦¾ããÞ¾ããÎããè ‚ãÔãËñËò ¶ãõÔããäØãÇ㊠¦ããªã¦½¾ã ¹ãì¶ã: —ãã¶ãã¶ãñ, Ôããàã㦇ãŠãÀã¶ãñ ¹ãÆÔ©ãããä¹ã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãò ÖòÞã ½ãã¶ãÌããè •ããèãäÌã¦ããÞãñ £¾ãñ¾ã ‚ããÖñû ÖãÞã ½ããñàã ‚ããÖñû ‚ããÁãä¥ã, ÎÌãñ¦ã‡ãñŠ¦ãì, ¾ãã—ãÌãʇ㋾ã, ½ãõ¨ãñ¾ããè ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ÔãâÌããªãâ¦ãî¶ã ¾ãã ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ããâÞãñ ãäÔ㣪㶦㠂ãÔãî¶ã ¦¾ããâÞãò ãäÌãÌãñÞã¶ã ‚ãã¹ã¥ããâÔã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ½ã£¾ãñ ÌããÀâÌããÀ ‚ãã¤ß¦ãòû ©ããñ¡‡ãŠ¿ãã¦ã ãäÌãÎÌããâ¦ããèË `Ô㦾ã' Îããñ£ããè¦ã ‚ãÔã¦ããâ¶ãã ¹ãâÞã½ãÖã¼ãî¦ãò, ƒâ³-Ôãî¾ãÃ-Þãâ³ããäª ªñÌã¦ãã Ôãã-¾ããâÞãã ãäÌãÞããÀ Öãñ„¶ã ¾ãã ÔãÌããĶãã ¹ãÆã¥ã¹ãƪ Ìã ¦¾ããâÞãò ÎããÔã¶ã, ãä¶ã¾ã½ã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀò ¦ã¦Ìã ½Ö¥ãî¶ã `ºãÆÚã ' ¾ãã Ôãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãñÌãÀ „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞãã ãäÌãÞããÀ ãäÔ©ãÀãÌãËãû ¦¾ããÞã¹ãƽãã¥ãñ ½ãã¶ãÌãã½ã£¾ãñ `Ô㦾ã' ‡ãŠã¾ã ‚ããÖñ Öñ Îããñ£ããè¦ã ‚ãÔã¦ããâ¶ãã ªñÖ, ƒâãä³¾ãò ¾ãã ÔãÌããÄÞãã ãäÌãÞããÀ ‡ãŠÁ¶ã ¦ãñ ¹ãÆã¥ã ½Ö¥ã•ãñÞã `‚ã㦽ãã' ¾ãã ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãñÌãÀ ãäÔ©ãÀãÌãËñû ‚ãããä¥ã ÍãñÌã›ãè ¦ãñ ªãñ¶Öãè ãä¼ã¶¶ã ¶ãÔãî¶ã †‡ãŠÞã ‚ããÖñ¦ã, ‚ãÔãã ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠÓãà ½ã㶾㠢ããÊãã. „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞãã ‚ãã¥ãŒããè †‡ãŠ ½ãÖ¦ÌããÞãã ãäÔ㣪㶦㠽֥ã•ãñ ‡ãŠ½ãÃãäÔ㣪㶦ã Öãñû¾ã ½ãã¶ãÌããâÞãò `‡ãŠ½ãÃ' Öò ‚ããä¦ãÎã¾ã ½ãÖ¦ÌããÞãò ‚ãÔãî¶ã ½ãÀ¥ããñ¦¦ãÀ ½ãìãä‡ã‹¦ã Ìãã •ããèÌã¶ã, Ôã¬ãè¦ã Ìãã ªìØãÃãä¦ã Öò ÔããÀò `‡ãŠ½ããÃ' ¶ãñ ŸÀ¦ã ‚ãÔã¦ãòû `‡ãŠ½ãÃ' ‚ãâÎã¦ã: ¼ããñØãã¶ãñ Ìã ‚ãâÎã¦ã: —ãã¶ãã¶ãñ ¶ããÖãèÔãò ‡ãŠÀ¥ãò ÖãÞã ÑãñÓŸ ¹ãìÁÓãã©ãà Öãñû¾ã ÖãÞã ½ããñàã Öãñ¾ã ‚ãÎãããè ãäÌãÞããÀÔãÀ¥ããè ¾ãñ©ãñ ‚ãã¤ß¦ãñû

„¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞãñ ½ãÖ¦Ìã

„¹ããä¶ãÓ㪠ØãâÆ©ããâ½ã£¾ãñ ‡ãñŠÌãß †‡ãŠãÞã ØãìÁÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÞããÀãâÞãã ¶ãÌÖñ ¦ãÀ, ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ ØãìÁâÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÞããÀãâÞãã Ôã½ããÌãñÎã ¢ããËñËã ‚ããÖñ. ¦¾ãã½ãìßò, ¦¾ããâ¦ã ¶ã̾ãã ‚ãããä¥ã •ã춾ãã ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ããâÞãò Ôãâãä½ãÑã¥ã ¢ããËñËò ‚ããÖñû ¶ãâ¦ãÀÞ¾ãã †‡ãŠã ‡ãŠãßãé, •ãñÌÖãâ ãäÖâªîâÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆãÞããè¶ã ãäÌã²ãñÞãò Ôãâ‡ãŠË¶ã ‚ãããä¥ã Ôãâ¹ã㪶㠢ããËò ¦ãñÌÖã, „¹ããä¶ãÓãªá ØãâÆ©ã ºãÆãÚã¥ãØãÆâ©ããâ¶ãã •ããñ¡Ëñ ØãñËñû ¾ããÞãã ‚ã©ãà ‚ãÔãã ‡ãŠãè, ¾ãã Ìããݽã¾ããÞãò Ôãâ‡ãŠË¶ã ¢ããÊãñ ¦ãñÌÖãâ ªãñ¶Öãè „¹ããä¶ãÓãªñ Ìã ºãÆãÚã¥ãØãâÆ©ã ¾ããâ¶ãã ¹ãÆãÞããè¶ã ½ãã¶ãËñ ØãñËñû ¾ãã¹ãƽãã¥ãñ, ÌãñªÌããݽã¾ããâ¦ã „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ¶ãã ‚ãŒãñÀÞãò Ô©ãã¶ã ãäªËñËò ‚ãÔãʾãã¶ãò ¦¾ããâ¶ãã `Ìãñªã¶¦ã', ½Ö¥ã•ãñ ÌãñªãâÞãã ‚ãŒãñÀÞãã ¼ããØã ‚ãÔãò ½Ö›Ëò ØãñÊãñ. •¾ãã¹ãƽãã¥ãò ‚ãùãäÀÔ›ãù›ËÞãã †‡ãŠ ØãÆâ©ã ¦¾ããâÞ¾ããËñŒãÔãâØãÆÖã½ã£¾ãò ¼ããõãä¦ã‡ãŠ ÎããÔ¨ããÌãÀãèË (physics) ØãÆâ©ããâ¶ãâ¦ãÀ ‚ããʾãã½ãìßò ¦¾ããËã ‚ããä¦ã¼ããõãä¦ã‡ãŠÎããÔ¨ã (metaphysics) ‚ãÔãò ¶ããâÌã ãä½ãßãËò, ¦ãÔããÞã ¹ãƇãŠãÀ ¾ãñ©ãñãäÖ ¢ããËñËã ãäªÔã¦ããñû `‚㶦ã' ¾ãã ÔãâÔ‡ãðŠ¦ã Î㺪ãÞãñ `Ôã½ããã书ã' ‚ãããä¥ã `Ôã㣾ã' ãä‡ãâŠÌãã `¹ãŠËÑãìãä¦ã' ‚ãÔãñ ªãñ¶Öãè ‚ã©ãà Ôãâ¼ãÌã¦ãã¦ãû ¦¾ãã½ãìßò ¹ãÆãÀâ¼ããè „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâÞãò Ìããݽã¾ãÔãâØãÆÖãâ¦ããèË Ô©ãã¶ã ªãŒããäÌã¥ãã-¾ãã `Ìãñªã¶¦ã' ¾ãã Î㺪ãËã, ¶ãâ¦ãÀ `ÌãñªãâÞ¾ãã „¹ãªñÎããÞããè ¹ãŠËÑãìãä¦ã ' ‚ãÔãã ‚ã©ãà ¹ãÆ㹦㠢ããËãû

S.Y.B.A. Special 1 Revised Study Material 2012

Title Of The Paper : Indian Philosophical Approaches

Unit 1: Upnishadic Philosophy

Prof. Shriniwas Hemade,hodhilosophy@sangamnercollege.org, 9226 56 30 52

Page 17 of 17

17 17

„¹ããä¶ãÓãªò ÌããÞããè¦ã ‚ãÔã¦ããâ¶ãã ãä‡ãŠ¦ããè¦ãÀãè ¹ãÆãÞããè¶ã ãäÌãÞããÀÌãâ¦ããâÞãã Ìã ‚ãã¹ãËã ¹ããäÀÞã¾ã Öãñ¦ããñû ¶ããèãä¦ã¦ã¦Ìãò Ìã Ôã¬ï¥ã ¾ããâÞãã ãäÌãÞããÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀñ Àã©ããè¦ãÀ, ¹ããõÁãäÎããäÓ›, ¶ãã‡ãŠ ½ããõ¬Ê¾ã, ÎãìӇ㊼ãðâØããÀ, ãäÌãÎÌã¦ã¦ÌããâÞãã ãäÌãÞããÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀñ Àõ‡ã‹Ìã, ‚ãÎÌã¹ããä¦ã ‡ãõŠ‡ãñŠ¾ã, „ÿãˇãŠ, ÔÌ㹶ããâÞãã ãäÌãÞããÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀã ÔããõÀã¾ããä¥ã ØããؾãÃ,¦¾ããÞã¹ãƽãã¥ãñ Îããâãä¡Ê¾ã, ½ã£ãìãäÌã²ãã ÔããâØã¥ããÀñ ª£¾ãÞã, Ôã¶ã¦‡ã슽ããÀ, ‚ããÁãä¥ã, ¾ããÑãÌãʇ㋾㠾ãã ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ ¦ã¦ÌãÌãñ¦¾ããâÞããè ‚ãã¹ãËãè ¼ãñ› Öãñ¦ãñû ¾ãã Ôãã-¾ããâ¶ããè ‚ãã¹ãã¹ãʾãã ãäÞãâ¦ã¶ããâ¶ããè „¹ããä¶ãÓãªá-ãäÌãÞããÀãâ¦ã ¼ãÀ Üãã¦ãËñËãè ‚ããÖñû ¦¾ããâ½ã£¾ãñ ãäÌããäÌã£ã¦ãã ‚ãããä¥ã Ôãâ¹ã¸ã¦ãã ‚ãã¥ãËãè Ìã ¦¾ããÞãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔããäÖ Üã¡ãäÌãËñËã ‚ããÖñû ÔããÀñ „¹ããä¶ãÓãªá-Ìããݽã¾ã Öò ÔãâÔ‡ãŠð¦ã-Ìããݽã¾ããÞãò Ìã ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¦ã¦Ìã—ãã¶ããÞãò †‡ãŠ ‚ã¶ãì¹ã½ã Ëñ¥ãò ‚ããÖñ, ¾ãã¦ã Îãâ‡ãŠã ¶ããÖãèû ÔãÑ㣪ãËã Ôããàã㦇ãŠãÀãÞãã ½ããØãà ªãŒãÌãî¶ã ¦ããñ Üã¡ãäÌ㥾ããÞãò, Ôãâ ãÔ¦ããËã àã¥ã¼ãÀ ‡ãŠã ÖãñƒÃ¶ãã, Îããâãä¦ã ªñ¥¾ããÞãâñ Ìã ‚ãâ£ãÑ㣪ãËã, ‚ãʹã‡ãŠãß ‡ãŠã ÖãñƒÃ¶ãã, ½ããñÖî¶ã ›ã‡ãŠ¥¾ããÞãòñ, ¼ããÀ¥¾ããÞãññ Ôãã½ã©¾ãà ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã Ÿã¾ããé ãä¶ããäÎÞã¦ã ‚ããÖñ.

„¹ããä¶ãÓãªñ Ìã ºãÆãÚã¥ãØãÆâ©ã : ¦ãìÊã¶ãã

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