skripsi hubungan empati dengan altruisme donor organ pada ...

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a. Sampul SKRIPSI HUBUNGAN EMPATI DENGAN ALTRUISME DONOR ORGAN PADA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN Disusun oleh: LISA NANDA AGUSTINA 145120301111049 PROGRAM STUDI S1 PSIKOLOGI FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA 2018

Transcript of skripsi hubungan empati dengan altruisme donor organ pada ...

i

a. Sampul

SKRIPSI

HUBUNGAN EMPATI DENGAN ALTRUISME DONOR ORGAN

PADA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

Disusun oleh:

LISA NANDA AGUSTINA

145120301111049

PROGRAM STUDI S1 PSIKOLOGI

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK

UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA

2018

i

b. Lembar Pengesahan

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

HUBUNGAN EMPATI DENGAN ALTRUISME DONOR ORGAN PADA

MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

SKRIPSI

Disusun Oleh :

Lisa Nanda Agustina

NIM. 145120301111049

Telah disetujui dan dinyatakan lulus dalam ujian sarjana

Pada tanggal 1 Oktober 2018

Tim Penguji

Ketua Majelis Sidang Penguji,

Ika Herani, S.Psi., M.Si., Psikolog

NIP. 197706282008122002

Ketua Penguji,

Dita Rachmayani, S.Psi., M.A

NIK. 2015038905272001

Malang,

Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik

Dekan

Prof. Dr. Unti Ludigdo, Ak

NIP. 19690814 199402 1 001

Anggota Penguji,

Yunita Kurniawati, S.Psi., M.Psi., Psikolog

NIK. 2012018406232001

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c. Identitas Peguji

Identitas Dosen Pembimbing Dosen Penguji 1 Dosen Penguji 2

Nama Ika Herani, S.Psi.,

M.Si., Psikolog

Dita Rachmayani,

S.Psi., M.A

Yunita Kurniawati,

S.Psi., M.Psi.,

Psikolog

NIP/NIK NIP.

197706282008122002

NIK.

2015038905272001

NIK.

2012018406232001

Pendidikan

Terakhir S2 S2 S2

Status Aktif Aktif Aktif

Jabatan Asisten Ahli Tenaga Pengajar Tenaga Pengajar

iii

d. Pernyataan Orisinalitas

PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS

Lisa Nanda Agustina

145120301111049

Menyatakan dengan sesungguhnya bahwa skripsi saya yang berjudul

“Hubungan Empati Dengan Altruisme Donor Organ Pada Mahasiswa

Fakultas Kedokteran” adalah betul-betul karya saya sendiri. Hal-hal yang bukan

karya saya, dalam skripsi tersebut diberi tanda citasi dan ditunjukkan dalam daftar

pustaka.

Apabila dikemudian hari terbukti pernyataan saya tidak benar, maka saya

bersedia menerima sanksi akademik berupa pencabutan skripsi dan gelar yang saya

peroleh dari skripsi tersebut.

Malang, Oktober 2018

Yang membuat pernyataan,

Lisa Nanda Agustina

NIM. 145120301111049

iv

e. Daftar Riwayat Hidup

v

f. Abstrak Bahasa Inggris dan Bahasa Indonesia

ABSTRAK

Hubungan Empati Dengan Altruisme Donor Organ Pada Mahasiswa

Fakultas Kedokteran

Lisa Nanda Agustina

145120301111049

Email: [email protected]

Dosen Pembimbing:

Ika Herani, S.Psi., M.Si., Psikolog

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara empiris hubungan empati dengan

altruisme donor organ pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran. Hipotesis yang

diajukan adalah terdapat hubungan empati dengan altruisme donor organ pada

mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran di Kota Malang. Metode penelitian menggunakan

kuantitatif korelational. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Fakultas

Kedokteran yang sedang menempuh kuliah jurusan pendidikan dokter Universitas

Brawijaya dan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang yang berjumlah 169 partisipan.

Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah teknik purposive sampling.

Berdasarkan analisis Spearman Rho diperoleh nilai korelasi 0.359 dengan sig.=

0.000 (p<0.05). Hal ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang

signifikan antara empati dengan altruisme donor organ. Semakin tinggi empati

maka semakin tinggi pula altruisme donor organ.

Keyword: Altruisme, Donor organ, Empati, Mahasiswa Kedokteran, Transplantasi

Organ

vi

ABSTRACT

Relationship between Empathy and Altruism Organ Donation in Students of the

Faculty of Medicine

Lisa Nanda Agustina

145120301111049

Email: [email protected]

Supervisor:

Ika Herani, S.Psi., M.Si., Psikolog

This study aims to know empirically the relationship of empathy with altruism

organ donation in students of the Faculty of Medicine. The hypothesis proposed is

that there is an empathy relationship with altruism organ donation in students of

the Faculty of Medicine. The research method uses correlational quantitative.

Subjects in this study were Medical Faculty students who were studying medical

education at Brawijaya University and Muhammadiyah University of Malang

totaling 169 participants. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling

technique. Based on the Spearman Rho analysis, the correlation value is 0.359 with

sig. = 0.000 (p <0.05). This shows that there is a significant positive relationship

between empathy and organ donor altruism. The higher the empathy, the higher the

altruism organ donation will be.

Keyword: Altruism, Organ Donation, Empathy, Medical Student, Organ

Transplant.

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g. Pengantar

KATA PENGANTAR

Segala puji dan syukur kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, karena atas berkat

dan limpahan rahmat-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi tanpa ada

halangan apapun sampai pada akhirnya skripsi ini tersusun. Skripsi ini berjudul

“Hubungan Empati Dengan Altruisme Donor Organ Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas

Kedokteran”.

Penulisan skripsi ini tidak terlepas dari hambatan serta kesulitan, namun

berkat bimbingan, bantuan, nasihat, dan saran dari beberapa pihak, segala hambatan

tersebut akhirnya dapat terselesaikan dengan baik. Dapat disadari bahwa

penyusunan skripsi ini tidak akan terwujud tanpa adanya bantuan dan dukungan

dari beberapa pihak. Oleh karena itu, pada kesempatan ini untuk menyampaikan

ucapan terima kasih kepada:

1. Kedua orang tua beserta kedua adik saya yang selalu memberikan semangat

dan dukungan dalam bentuk materi maupun batin, doa, serta nasihat sehingga

bisa menyelesaikan skripsi ini.

2. Ibu Cleoputri Al Yusainy, Ph. D selaku Ketua Jurusan Psikologi Universitas

Brawijaya.

3. Ibu Ika Herani, S.Psi., M.Si., Psikolog, selaku pembimbing skripsi saya yang

telah sabar membimbing saya dan tidak pernah marah serta memberikan

banyak masukan dan arahan kepada saya dalam mengerjakan skripsi.

viii

4. Ibu Dita Rachmayani, S.Psi., M.A selaku Dosen Penguji Skripsi. Terima kasih

atas kesediaannya menjadi dosen penguji dan masukan yang telah diberikan

untuk kesempurnaan skripsi ini.

5. Ibu Yunita Kurniawati, S.Psi., M.Psi., Psikolog, selaku Dosen Penguji Skripsi.

Terima kasih atas kesediaannya menjadi dosen penguji dan masukan yang telah

diberikan untuk kesempurnaan skripsi ini.

6. Kepada teman-teman payung saya (Rizka Asnelia, Chichilia Difah, Sharfina

Idzni, Yogi Tuhu, Hanif Widahana) yang terlah berjuang menyelesaikan

altruisme donor organ ini. Salam donor organ!

7. Kepada sahabat-sahabat psikologi dari maba (Ariel Ammar Fakhri, Hafizh M.

Irsyad, Dera Khariema, Rara Khusnul, Aida Darmansyah, Rachmasiwi, Dinno

Taufiq, Nathan D. Putra, Rizka, Chichilia) yang memberikan semangat serta

selalu membantu. Maaf jika Icha sering merepotkan kalian selama ini. Terima

kasih selalu ada buat Icha!

8. Kepada Zamma Idol (Ayu, Desy, Rani) yang selalu memberikan dukungan

penuh dan tidak henti-hentinya memarahi saya jika saya mager mengerjakan

skripsi ini serta yang selalu mendengarkan curhatan. Huhu bakal kangen!

9. Kepada teman Asisten Praktikum Psikologi (Chika Mareyza Anjani,

Qotrunnada, Alifia Mayasari, Wenny, Nadia Sausan, Candra, Dita, Maya, Sita,

Inas, Dessy) yang telah memberikan semangat dan dukungan dalam

penyelesaian skrispi. Terima kasih sudah mengisi hari-hariku di Laboratorium!

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10. Kepada sahabat-sahabat saya di Surabaya (Lidya Nanditya, Aribah Ria, Festy

Kharisma, Cindy Aminatu, Debby Yunia) yang telah memberikan semangat

serta dukungan dan mendorong agar menyelesaikan segera skripsi ini.

Semangat kerjanya guys!

11. Teman-teman psikologi 2014 lainnya yang tidak bisa saya sebutkan satu

persatu yang tidak pernah ada hentinya, dan selalu saling mendoakan selama

persiapan, pelaksanaan hingga skripsi ini terselesaikan. See you on top guys!

12. Semua subjek yang menjadi partisipan dalam penelitian ini, sehingga

penelitian dapat terselesaikan dengan baik

Malang, 1 November 2018

Lisa Nanda Agustina

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h. Daftar Isi

DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................... i

PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ....................................................................... ii

KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... iv

ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................. v

ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................... x

DAFTAR BAGAN DAN TABEL ...................................................................... xii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................... xiii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................... 1

A. Latar Belakang .............................................................................................. 1

B. Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................................... 6

C. Tujuan ........................................................................................................... 6

D. Manfaat ......................................................................................................... 6

E. Penelitian Terdahulu ..................................................................................... 7

BAB II KAJIAN TEORITIS ............................................................................... 12

A. EMPATI ...................................................................................................... 12

1. Definisi Empati ........................................................................................ 12

2. Aspek Empati .......................................................................................... 12

3. Proses Empati .......................................................................................... 13

B. ALTRUISME .............................................................................................. 15

1. Definisi Altruisme ................................................................................... 15

2. Aspek Altruisme ...................................................................................... 15

3. Faktor yang mempengaruhi altruisme ..................................................... 16

C. TRANSPLANTASI ORGAN ..................................................................... 17

D. MAHASISWA KEDOKTERAN ................................................................ 19

E. HUBUNGAN ANTAR VARIABEL .......................................................... 22

F. KERANGKA BERFIKIR ........................................................................... 22

G. HIPOTESIS ................................................................................................. 23

xi

BAB III METEDOLOGI PENELITIAN ........................................................... 24

A. DESAIN PENELITIAN .............................................................................. 24

B. VARIABEL PENELITIAN ........................................................................ 25

C. DEFINISI OPERASIONAL ....................................................................... 25

D. POPULASI, SAMPEL, TEKNIK SAMPLING.......................................... 25

E. TAHAPAN PENELITIAN ......................................................................... 26

F. INSTRUMEN PENELITIAN ..................................................................... 29

1. Skala Empati ............................................................................................... 29

2. Skala Altruisme ........................................................................................... 30

G. PENGUJIAN ALAT UKUR ....................................................................... 31

1. Validitas ................................................................................................... 31

2. Daya Diskriminasi Aitem ........................................................................ 33

3. Reliabilitas ............................................................................................... 35

H. ANALISA DATA ....................................................................................... 36

BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................................. 38

A. Hasil Penelitian ........................................................................................... 38

1. Gambaran Umum Subjek Penelitian ....................................................... 38

2. Analisis Deskriptif ................................................................................... 41

B. Pembahasan ................................................................................................. 46

C. Keterbatasan penelitian ............................................................................... 49

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................... 50

A. KESIMPULAN ........................................................................................... 50

B. SARAN ....................................................................................................... 50

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 51

xii

i. Daftar Bagan dan Tabel

DAFTAR BAGAN DAN TABEL

Bagan 1. Kerangka Berfikir...................................................................................19

Bagan 2. Desain Penelitian Payung.......................................................................21

Tabel 1. Skor Alternatif Respon Skala Empati ...................................................... 29

Tabel 2. Blueprient Skala Empati Sebelum Digugurkan ...................................... 30

Tabel 3. Skor Alternatif Respon Skala Altruisme Donor Organ ........................... 30

Tabel 4. Blueprient Skala Altruisme Donor Organ Sebelum Digugurkan ............ 30

Tabel 5. Hasil Penilaian Face Vadility ................................................................... 32

Tabel 6. Blueprint Skala Empati Setelah Digugurkan ........................................... 33

Tabel 7. Blueprint Skala Altruisme Donor Organ Setelah Digugurkan................. 34

Tabel 8. Blueprint Skala Empati ............................................................................ 34

Tabel 9. Blueprint Skala Altruisme Donor Organ ................................................. 35

Tabel 10. Hasil Uji Reliabilitas .............................................................................. 35

Tabel 11. Gambaran Umum Berdasarkan Data Demografis ................................. 39

Tabel 12. Hasil Survey Donor Organ ..................................................................... 39

Tabel 13. Alasan Ingin Mendonorkan Organ ......................................................... 40

Tabel 14. Informasi Mengenai Transplantasi Organ.............................................. 40

Tabel 15. Sumber Mengetahui Transplantasi Organ.............................................. 41

Tabel 16. Skor Hipotetik Dan Empirik .................................................................. 42

Tabel 17. Ketentuan Katagorisasi Jenjang Bagi Subjek Penelitian ....................... 43

Tabel 18. Katagorisasi Subjek Berdasarkan Skala Empati Dan Altruisme ........... 43

Tabel 19. Hasil Uji Normalitas .............................................................................. 44

Tabel 20. Hasil Uji Linearitas ................................................................................ 45

Tabel 21. Hasil Uji Hipotesis ................................................................................. 46

xiii

j. Daftar Lampiran

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1. Try Out Skala Empati Ke 1 ............................................................... 54

Lampiran 2. Try Out Skala Empati Ke 2 ............................................................... 56

Lampiran 3. Try Out Skala Altruisme Donor organ Ke 1...................................... 57

Lampiran 4. Try Out Skala Altruisme Donor organ Ke 2...................................... 59

Lampiran 5. Hasil Data Deskriptif Empirik ........................................................... 60

Lampiran 6. Hasil Uji Normalitas .......................................................................... 61

Lampiran 7. Hasil Uji Linearitas ............................................................................ 62

Lampiran 8. Hasil Uji Hipotesis ............................................................................ 63

Lampiran 9. Reliabilitas Empati Dan Altruisme Donor Organ.............................. 64

Lampiran 10. Skala Penelitian ............................................................................... 65

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