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i
a. Sampul
SKRIPSI
HUBUNGAN EMPATI DENGAN ALTRUISME DONOR ORGAN
PADA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
Disusun oleh:
LISA NANDA AGUSTINA
145120301111049
PROGRAM STUDI S1 PSIKOLOGI
FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK
UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA
2018
i
b. Lembar Pengesahan
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
HUBUNGAN EMPATI DENGAN ALTRUISME DONOR ORGAN PADA
MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
SKRIPSI
Disusun Oleh :
Lisa Nanda Agustina
NIM. 145120301111049
Telah disetujui dan dinyatakan lulus dalam ujian sarjana
Pada tanggal 1 Oktober 2018
Tim Penguji
Ketua Majelis Sidang Penguji,
Ika Herani, S.Psi., M.Si., Psikolog
NIP. 197706282008122002
Ketua Penguji,
Dita Rachmayani, S.Psi., M.A
NIK. 2015038905272001
Malang,
Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik
Dekan
Prof. Dr. Unti Ludigdo, Ak
NIP. 19690814 199402 1 001
Anggota Penguji,
Yunita Kurniawati, S.Psi., M.Psi., Psikolog
NIK. 2012018406232001
ii
c. Identitas Peguji
Identitas Dosen Pembimbing Dosen Penguji 1 Dosen Penguji 2
Nama Ika Herani, S.Psi.,
M.Si., Psikolog
Dita Rachmayani,
S.Psi., M.A
Yunita Kurniawati,
S.Psi., M.Psi.,
Psikolog
NIP/NIK NIP.
197706282008122002
NIK.
2015038905272001
NIK.
2012018406232001
Pendidikan
Terakhir S2 S2 S2
Status Aktif Aktif Aktif
Jabatan Asisten Ahli Tenaga Pengajar Tenaga Pengajar
iii
d. Pernyataan Orisinalitas
PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS
Lisa Nanda Agustina
145120301111049
Menyatakan dengan sesungguhnya bahwa skripsi saya yang berjudul
“Hubungan Empati Dengan Altruisme Donor Organ Pada Mahasiswa
Fakultas Kedokteran” adalah betul-betul karya saya sendiri. Hal-hal yang bukan
karya saya, dalam skripsi tersebut diberi tanda citasi dan ditunjukkan dalam daftar
pustaka.
Apabila dikemudian hari terbukti pernyataan saya tidak benar, maka saya
bersedia menerima sanksi akademik berupa pencabutan skripsi dan gelar yang saya
peroleh dari skripsi tersebut.
Malang, Oktober 2018
Yang membuat pernyataan,
Lisa Nanda Agustina
NIM. 145120301111049
v
f. Abstrak Bahasa Inggris dan Bahasa Indonesia
ABSTRAK
Hubungan Empati Dengan Altruisme Donor Organ Pada Mahasiswa
Fakultas Kedokteran
Lisa Nanda Agustina
145120301111049
Email: [email protected]
Dosen Pembimbing:
Ika Herani, S.Psi., M.Si., Psikolog
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara empiris hubungan empati dengan
altruisme donor organ pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran. Hipotesis yang
diajukan adalah terdapat hubungan empati dengan altruisme donor organ pada
mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran di Kota Malang. Metode penelitian menggunakan
kuantitatif korelational. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Fakultas
Kedokteran yang sedang menempuh kuliah jurusan pendidikan dokter Universitas
Brawijaya dan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang yang berjumlah 169 partisipan.
Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah teknik purposive sampling.
Berdasarkan analisis Spearman Rho diperoleh nilai korelasi 0.359 dengan sig.=
0.000 (p<0.05). Hal ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang
signifikan antara empati dengan altruisme donor organ. Semakin tinggi empati
maka semakin tinggi pula altruisme donor organ.
Keyword: Altruisme, Donor organ, Empati, Mahasiswa Kedokteran, Transplantasi
Organ
vi
ABSTRACT
Relationship between Empathy and Altruism Organ Donation in Students of the
Faculty of Medicine
Lisa Nanda Agustina
145120301111049
Email: [email protected]
Supervisor:
Ika Herani, S.Psi., M.Si., Psikolog
This study aims to know empirically the relationship of empathy with altruism
organ donation in students of the Faculty of Medicine. The hypothesis proposed is
that there is an empathy relationship with altruism organ donation in students of
the Faculty of Medicine. The research method uses correlational quantitative.
Subjects in this study were Medical Faculty students who were studying medical
education at Brawijaya University and Muhammadiyah University of Malang
totaling 169 participants. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling
technique. Based on the Spearman Rho analysis, the correlation value is 0.359 with
sig. = 0.000 (p <0.05). This shows that there is a significant positive relationship
between empathy and organ donor altruism. The higher the empathy, the higher the
altruism organ donation will be.
Keyword: Altruism, Organ Donation, Empathy, Medical Student, Organ
Transplant.
vii
g. Pengantar
KATA PENGANTAR
Segala puji dan syukur kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, karena atas berkat
dan limpahan rahmat-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi tanpa ada
halangan apapun sampai pada akhirnya skripsi ini tersusun. Skripsi ini berjudul
“Hubungan Empati Dengan Altruisme Donor Organ Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas
Kedokteran”.
Penulisan skripsi ini tidak terlepas dari hambatan serta kesulitan, namun
berkat bimbingan, bantuan, nasihat, dan saran dari beberapa pihak, segala hambatan
tersebut akhirnya dapat terselesaikan dengan baik. Dapat disadari bahwa
penyusunan skripsi ini tidak akan terwujud tanpa adanya bantuan dan dukungan
dari beberapa pihak. Oleh karena itu, pada kesempatan ini untuk menyampaikan
ucapan terima kasih kepada:
1. Kedua orang tua beserta kedua adik saya yang selalu memberikan semangat
dan dukungan dalam bentuk materi maupun batin, doa, serta nasihat sehingga
bisa menyelesaikan skripsi ini.
2. Ibu Cleoputri Al Yusainy, Ph. D selaku Ketua Jurusan Psikologi Universitas
Brawijaya.
3. Ibu Ika Herani, S.Psi., M.Si., Psikolog, selaku pembimbing skripsi saya yang
telah sabar membimbing saya dan tidak pernah marah serta memberikan
banyak masukan dan arahan kepada saya dalam mengerjakan skripsi.
viii
4. Ibu Dita Rachmayani, S.Psi., M.A selaku Dosen Penguji Skripsi. Terima kasih
atas kesediaannya menjadi dosen penguji dan masukan yang telah diberikan
untuk kesempurnaan skripsi ini.
5. Ibu Yunita Kurniawati, S.Psi., M.Psi., Psikolog, selaku Dosen Penguji Skripsi.
Terima kasih atas kesediaannya menjadi dosen penguji dan masukan yang telah
diberikan untuk kesempurnaan skripsi ini.
6. Kepada teman-teman payung saya (Rizka Asnelia, Chichilia Difah, Sharfina
Idzni, Yogi Tuhu, Hanif Widahana) yang terlah berjuang menyelesaikan
altruisme donor organ ini. Salam donor organ!
7. Kepada sahabat-sahabat psikologi dari maba (Ariel Ammar Fakhri, Hafizh M.
Irsyad, Dera Khariema, Rara Khusnul, Aida Darmansyah, Rachmasiwi, Dinno
Taufiq, Nathan D. Putra, Rizka, Chichilia) yang memberikan semangat serta
selalu membantu. Maaf jika Icha sering merepotkan kalian selama ini. Terima
kasih selalu ada buat Icha!
8. Kepada Zamma Idol (Ayu, Desy, Rani) yang selalu memberikan dukungan
penuh dan tidak henti-hentinya memarahi saya jika saya mager mengerjakan
skripsi ini serta yang selalu mendengarkan curhatan. Huhu bakal kangen!
9. Kepada teman Asisten Praktikum Psikologi (Chika Mareyza Anjani,
Qotrunnada, Alifia Mayasari, Wenny, Nadia Sausan, Candra, Dita, Maya, Sita,
Inas, Dessy) yang telah memberikan semangat dan dukungan dalam
penyelesaian skrispi. Terima kasih sudah mengisi hari-hariku di Laboratorium!
ix
10. Kepada sahabat-sahabat saya di Surabaya (Lidya Nanditya, Aribah Ria, Festy
Kharisma, Cindy Aminatu, Debby Yunia) yang telah memberikan semangat
serta dukungan dan mendorong agar menyelesaikan segera skripsi ini.
Semangat kerjanya guys!
11. Teman-teman psikologi 2014 lainnya yang tidak bisa saya sebutkan satu
persatu yang tidak pernah ada hentinya, dan selalu saling mendoakan selama
persiapan, pelaksanaan hingga skripsi ini terselesaikan. See you on top guys!
12. Semua subjek yang menjadi partisipan dalam penelitian ini, sehingga
penelitian dapat terselesaikan dengan baik
Malang, 1 November 2018
Lisa Nanda Agustina
x
h. Daftar Isi
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................... i
PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ....................................................................... ii
KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... iv
ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................. v
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................... x
DAFTAR BAGAN DAN TABEL ...................................................................... xii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................... xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................... 1
A. Latar Belakang .............................................................................................. 1
B. Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................................... 6
C. Tujuan ........................................................................................................... 6
D. Manfaat ......................................................................................................... 6
E. Penelitian Terdahulu ..................................................................................... 7
BAB II KAJIAN TEORITIS ............................................................................... 12
A. EMPATI ...................................................................................................... 12
1. Definisi Empati ........................................................................................ 12
2. Aspek Empati .......................................................................................... 12
3. Proses Empati .......................................................................................... 13
B. ALTRUISME .............................................................................................. 15
1. Definisi Altruisme ................................................................................... 15
2. Aspek Altruisme ...................................................................................... 15
3. Faktor yang mempengaruhi altruisme ..................................................... 16
C. TRANSPLANTASI ORGAN ..................................................................... 17
D. MAHASISWA KEDOKTERAN ................................................................ 19
E. HUBUNGAN ANTAR VARIABEL .......................................................... 22
F. KERANGKA BERFIKIR ........................................................................... 22
G. HIPOTESIS ................................................................................................. 23
xi
BAB III METEDOLOGI PENELITIAN ........................................................... 24
A. DESAIN PENELITIAN .............................................................................. 24
B. VARIABEL PENELITIAN ........................................................................ 25
C. DEFINISI OPERASIONAL ....................................................................... 25
D. POPULASI, SAMPEL, TEKNIK SAMPLING.......................................... 25
E. TAHAPAN PENELITIAN ......................................................................... 26
F. INSTRUMEN PENELITIAN ..................................................................... 29
1. Skala Empati ............................................................................................... 29
2. Skala Altruisme ........................................................................................... 30
G. PENGUJIAN ALAT UKUR ....................................................................... 31
1. Validitas ................................................................................................... 31
2. Daya Diskriminasi Aitem ........................................................................ 33
3. Reliabilitas ............................................................................................... 35
H. ANALISA DATA ....................................................................................... 36
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................................. 38
A. Hasil Penelitian ........................................................................................... 38
1. Gambaran Umum Subjek Penelitian ....................................................... 38
2. Analisis Deskriptif ................................................................................... 41
B. Pembahasan ................................................................................................. 46
C. Keterbatasan penelitian ............................................................................... 49
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................... 50
A. KESIMPULAN ........................................................................................... 50
B. SARAN ....................................................................................................... 50
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 51
xii
i. Daftar Bagan dan Tabel
DAFTAR BAGAN DAN TABEL
Bagan 1. Kerangka Berfikir...................................................................................19
Bagan 2. Desain Penelitian Payung.......................................................................21
Tabel 1. Skor Alternatif Respon Skala Empati ...................................................... 29
Tabel 2. Blueprient Skala Empati Sebelum Digugurkan ...................................... 30
Tabel 3. Skor Alternatif Respon Skala Altruisme Donor Organ ........................... 30
Tabel 4. Blueprient Skala Altruisme Donor Organ Sebelum Digugurkan ............ 30
Tabel 5. Hasil Penilaian Face Vadility ................................................................... 32
Tabel 6. Blueprint Skala Empati Setelah Digugurkan ........................................... 33
Tabel 7. Blueprint Skala Altruisme Donor Organ Setelah Digugurkan................. 34
Tabel 8. Blueprint Skala Empati ............................................................................ 34
Tabel 9. Blueprint Skala Altruisme Donor Organ ................................................. 35
Tabel 10. Hasil Uji Reliabilitas .............................................................................. 35
Tabel 11. Gambaran Umum Berdasarkan Data Demografis ................................. 39
Tabel 12. Hasil Survey Donor Organ ..................................................................... 39
Tabel 13. Alasan Ingin Mendonorkan Organ ......................................................... 40
Tabel 14. Informasi Mengenai Transplantasi Organ.............................................. 40
Tabel 15. Sumber Mengetahui Transplantasi Organ.............................................. 41
Tabel 16. Skor Hipotetik Dan Empirik .................................................................. 42
Tabel 17. Ketentuan Katagorisasi Jenjang Bagi Subjek Penelitian ....................... 43
Tabel 18. Katagorisasi Subjek Berdasarkan Skala Empati Dan Altruisme ........... 43
Tabel 19. Hasil Uji Normalitas .............................................................................. 44
Tabel 20. Hasil Uji Linearitas ................................................................................ 45
Tabel 21. Hasil Uji Hipotesis ................................................................................. 46
xiii
j. Daftar Lampiran
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Try Out Skala Empati Ke 1 ............................................................... 54
Lampiran 2. Try Out Skala Empati Ke 2 ............................................................... 56
Lampiran 3. Try Out Skala Altruisme Donor organ Ke 1...................................... 57
Lampiran 4. Try Out Skala Altruisme Donor organ Ke 2...................................... 59
Lampiran 5. Hasil Data Deskriptif Empirik ........................................................... 60
Lampiran 6. Hasil Uji Normalitas .......................................................................... 61
Lampiran 7. Hasil Uji Linearitas ............................................................................ 62
Lampiran 8. Hasil Uji Hipotesis ............................................................................ 63
Lampiran 9. Reliabilitas Empati Dan Altruisme Donor Organ.............................. 64
Lampiran 10. Skala Penelitian ............................................................................... 65
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