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PORTS HARBORSPublished monthly by

The International Association of Ports and Harbors

Consultative Status, N.G.O., United Nations IMCO

President:

Dr. Chujiro HaraguchiMayor of Kobe

Executive Committee

Chairman:

Dr. Chujiro HaraguchiPresident, IAPHMayor of Kobe

Editor: Yoshio Hayashi

Members:

Rt. Hon. Viscount SimonImmediate Past President, IAPHChairmanPort of London Authority

September, 1968 Vol. 13, No. 9

V. G. Swanson1st Vice President, IAPHChairmanMelbourne Harbor TrustCommissioners

Howard A. Mann2nd Vice President, IAPHChairmanNational Harbours BoardOttawa

C. BarrillonDirecteur GeneralPort Autonome de Marseille

CONTENTS

Page

Melbourne Conference:

5

6

8, 9

12, 13

14, 15

Invitation to Melbourne .

Conference Programme .

Conference Papers and Speeches .

Ladies' Programme .

Post Conference Tour .

Ports:

A. Lyle KingDirectorMarine Terminal Dept.Port of New York Authority

Thomas P. GuerinGeneral Manager & SecretaryThe Commission of Public DocksPortland

Ir. J. Den ToomExecutive DirectorPort of Amsterda m

Walter J. ManningDirector, Marine WorksDepartment of TransportCanada

Ports of N.S.W., Australia

by W. H. Brotherson 16

Dudley PerkinsDirector·GeneralPort of London Authority

Louis C. PurdeyExecutive DirectorToledo-Lucas County Port Authority

Topics:

LAFTA Seminar on Container

LE.P.A.L., Montevideo Uruguay 21

Maj. Gen. P. SuntrangkoonCommissioner and DirectorPort Authority of Thailand

Orbiter Probe: 23,-36

Gengo TsuboiManaging DirectorJapan Shipowners' Association

Head Office:

Kotohira-Kaikan Bldg.1, Kotohira-cho, Minato'ku,Tokyo 105, JapanTel. : TOKYO (591) 4261Cable: "IAPHCENTRAL TOKYO"

Secretary General:

Toru Akiyama

IAPH News 23

Letter of Invitation 24

Topics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25

The Americas 26

Asia-Oceania ' . . . . . . . . .. 30

312,000 DWT Tanker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31

Europe-Africa 33

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BRANCHES: OSAKA, NAGOYA,

FU KUOKA, SAPPORO,

HIROSHIMA, SENDAI,

TOYAMA,

PORTS HARBORS

Mr. V. G. Swanson

Invitation to

v. G. Swanson

ChairmanMelbourne Harbor Trust Commissioners

Conference ChairmanThe Sixth Conference of

The International Association of Ports and HarborsMelbourne, Australia, March 3-8, 1969

(Reprinted from Brochure issued by the Organizing Committee)

The Port and City of A-Ielbourne) Australia-the land sometimes referredto as being «Down Under" by residents of the Northern Hemisphere-extendsa very warm welcome to all associated with the International Association ofPorts and Harbors) to attend the Sixth Biennial Conference in this gardencity Of more than two million people.

Melbourne is the capital of Victoria) one of the six States of The Common­wealth of A ustralia) which lies in the rich fertile south-eastern corner of the2.9 million square mile Continent) and which is the financial and industrialhub Of the Nation.

THE PATRON of the Conference is His Excellency The Governor ofVictoria) Sir Rohan Delacombe) who is the direct representative of TheSovereign Queen Elizabeth II) Queen of Britain) A ustralia and Canada.

YOUR HOST will be AIr. Victor G. Swanson) Chairman of the AlelbourneHarbor Trust Commissioners-the Authority contmlling the Port of Mel­bourne) which is the major general cargo port on the Australian coast)currently engaged in extensive development in containerisation and unit­load cargo handling.

All members of the Organizing Committee) who are principally staffmembers of the Port Authority.• as well as the Government of the State) theMunicipal Council of the City) and the people of Melbourne will endeavourto ensure that attendance at the Sixth Biennial Conference of the Inter­national Association of Ports and Harbors will be an interesting) differentand memorable experience.

The Conference:The Conference will open on

Monday, 3rd March, 1969, andcontinue until Saturday, 8th 11arch.

On the morning of Monday, 10thMarch, delegates and their accom­panying ladies have been invited toview Melbourne's annual MoombaDay procession through the streetsof the City. The parade is the cli­max to Moomba Week which is anannual festival of music, drama,arts, sporting and social activities.

On the afternoon of Monday,

SEPTEMBER 1968

10th March, the Post ConferenceTour will leave Melbourne by airfor Canberra, the National Capital,407 road miles north-east of Mel­bourne, and Sydney, 560 road milesto the north on the east coast.Conference Site:

The Conference will be held inthe Southern Cross Hotel, 131 Ex­hibition Street, Melbourne, Victoria3000, Australia. The Hotel is alsoone of five hotels which will accom­modate delegates and accompany­ing ladies.

Registration:Registration will take place at the

Southern Cross Hotel, and has beenarranged for the convenience of de­legates on two consecutive days. Alldelegates can register between 10.00hours and 17.00 hours on Sunday,2nd March, and between 09.30 hoursand 17.00 hours on Monday, 3rdMarch. By providing two days, itis hoped to reduce unnecessary de­lays and congestion.

The Registration Fee for the Con­ference is A$90, and all delegatesare asked to forward either thewhole, or 10%, with their applica­tion forms. Any balance outstand­ing is payable at the time of regis­tration.

Ladies accompanying delegatesare NOT required to pay a regis­tration fee.

One copy of each of the four ap­plication forms headed-

1. Attendance Information2. Application for Accommoda­

tion3. Conference Outings4. Financial Requirements

is required by the Conference Or­ganizers and delegates are requestedto return the forms to reach theOrganizing Committee no later than1st December, 1968.

In Australia, the Christmas periodis in the middle of summer and an-

5

* Joint function for Delegates and Ladies.

CONFERENCE PROGRAMME:

The timetable of the Conference covering both business sessions andcombined social functions and outings is as follows:-

* 8.00 p.m.

nual holiday period for the majorityof people, and the organizers aremaking allowance for this fact.

All forms and other communica­tions should be completed III

BLOCK letters or TYPE and for­warded to:-

The Secretary,Organizing Committee,Melbourne Conference IAPH,C 1-The Melbourne Harbor Trust,G.P.O. Box 2239T,Melbourne,AUSTRALIA, 3001.

Conference Procedure:At the Plenary Sessions at the

Conference the right of delegates tospeak and vote will be conductedaccording to the By-Laws as fol­lows:-Privileges of Members (By-Laws)

Sec. 6. Each Regular, Supportingand Life Supporting Member shallhave the privilege of subscribing forany number of membership unitsand of attending Conferences at therate of one delegate per subscribedmembership unit.

Each Regular Member shall havethe privileges of the floor in con­sidering all matters that may bebrought before a Conference andshall have the right to exercise onevote, without regard to the numberof membership units subscribed orthe number of delegates. RegularMembers whose membership duesare delinquent for more than oneyear shall not be privileged to exer­cise their vote.

Each Supporting, Life Supportingand Honorary Member shall havethe privileges of the floor in con­sidering all matters that may bebrought before a Conference, in­cluding the privilege of participat­ing in debate and being appointedto any Standing Committee, but notthe privilege of moving resolutionsor bills, making or seconding nomi­nations, or of voting.

Non-members are not entitled tovote or speak during Business Plena­ry Sessions.

Panel Discussion:It has again been decided to in­

clude a Panel Discussion in theprogramme of the conference, andthe subject at Melbourne will be"Port Administration and Respon­sibility."

Members of the panel have notyet been finally selected, but it is

Conference.Lunch.Port Inspection and Sightseeing.President's Dinner.

Conference.Lunch.Conference.Civic Reception by the Lord Mayorand Councillors of the City of Mel­bourne.

View Annual Moomba Processionthrough the City of Melbourne.Depart by chartered aircraft forCanberra for Post Conference Tour.

Registration of delegates.

Registration of delegates.Calls on the Honorable the Premierof Victoria, and the Right Honor­able the Lord Mayor of Melbourneby the President, Vice-Presidents,Secretary-General and the Imme­diate Past President.State Reception by the Premier.

Visit to Healesville Wildlife Sanc­tuary (approximately 40 miles fromMelbourne) where Australian nativebirds and animals may be viewed intheir natural habitat.

Opening of Conference by His Ex­cellency the Governor of Victoria.Conference.Lunch.Conference.Reception by the Governor in theState Ballroom of GovernmentHouse. (His Excellency will receivemembers of the Executive Com­mittee and their wives in the StateDrawing Room.)

Conference.Lunch.Closing Session of Conference.Dinner by new President.

Evening Free.

9.00 a.m.-12.30 p.m.12.30 p.m.- 2.00 p.m.2.00 p.m.- 5.00 p.m.

* 7.00 p.m.

9.00 a.m.-12.30 p.m.12.30 p.m.- 2.00 p.m.2.00 p.m.- 4.45 p.m.

* 8.00 p.m.

9.00 a.m.-12.30 p.m.12.30 p.m.- 2.00 p.m.2.00 p.m.- 3.30 p.m.

* 7.00 p.m.

Saturday,8th March

Friday,7th Mareh

* 1.30 p.m.- 3.30 p.m.

10.00 a.m.-12.30 p.m.12.30 p.m.- 2.00 p.m.2.00 p.m.- 4.45 p.m.

0):, 6.00 p.m.- 7.30 p.m.

Thursday,6th March

Sunday, Free9th March

Wednesday, *10.30 a.m.- 5.00 p.m.5th March

Tuesday, * 9.00 a.m.-l0.00 a.m.4th March

Sunday, 10.00 a.m.- 5.00 p.m.2nd March

Monday, *10.00 a.m.-12.30 p.m.10th March

Monday, 9.30 a.m.- 5.00 p.m.3rd March

6 PORTS and HARBORS

intended that they represent vari­ous types of port administrations,and that they will speak on thepolicy making structures of theirparticular ports in relation to theirrespective Municipal, State or Na­tional Administrations. The Chair­man of the Clyde Port Authorityin Scotland, Mr. Alister McCrae,will lead the panel discussion witha paper dealing with EtsuarialGrouping of Ports.

The time provided for this sectionof the conference programme is twohours.

Languages:The official language of the Con­

ference is ENGLISH, but arrange­ments are being made for simultane­ous translation into Japanese, Span­ish and French. All Conferencepapers will be presented in English,Japanese and Spanish.

Apart from the official languages,information is sought by the Con­ference Organizers as to the na­tional language of the delegate andaccompanying lady, as well asOTHER languages spoken or un­derstood. This information is ofvalue in arranging social functionsand outings, as well as official Con­ference business, in order to makeattendance at the Conference asenjoyable as possible for everybody.

Conference Record:At the completion of the Con­

ference, all proceedings, Papers,Speeches, etc., will be published andforwarded to all members.

The major conference Papers inthe three languages will be availableto delegates before the Conference,PROVIDING the authors have for­warded the materials as requested,to allow sufficient time for printingand publication.Conference Facilities:

For the convenience of delegatesand their ladies, a number of facili­ties will be available in the foyeradjoining the main conference roomat the Southern Cross Hotel, thevenue for the conference.

The facilities will comprise a:­BANK: A branch of the Bank

of Australia and New Zealand whichwill provide full banking services.The Bank is also closely associatedwith the conference organisation.

POST OFFICE: An office of theAustralian Government's Postmas­ter-General's Department will pro-

SEPTEMBER 1968

vide full postal, telephonic and tele­graphic services.

TOURIST BUREAU: A branchof the Victorian Government Tour­ist Bureau which will be able toprovide information and make anyprivate travel and tour arrange­ments. The Tourist Bureau is alsoclosely associated with the officialconference outings, and is handlingthe Post Conference Tour.

OFFICIAL PHOTOGRAPHER:For delegates and their ladies whomay wish to have a photographicrecord of their visit to Melbourne,an official commercial photographerwill take series of photographs dur­ing the conference itself; on theirvarious outings for the ladies andon combined outings; as well as atthe official functions. Photographswill be displayed in the foyer ad­jacent to the conference room onthe following morning. Photographsmay be purchased in black andwhite of all occasions, and as colourslides of a limited and suitable num­ber of occasions only.

INFORMATION BUREAU: Inaddition to the Tourist Bureauthere will also be an Informationservice dealing with individual prob­lems regarding conference functionsand outings, as well as enquiries re­garding shopping, hair salons, locat­ing places in the city and suburbs,and any others which may arise.

AIRLINE REPRESENTATIVE:In cases of changes in air bookingsand other travel arrangements andproblems, an airline representativewill be available to deal with vari­ous air travel matters.

WRAPPING CENTRE: MostMelbourne stores will wrap, packand forward purchases direct on de­mand, and for payment of the costsinvolved. However, a wrappingservice will be provided in the foyerof the conference hall to assist withwrapping of conference documentsand parcels generally, which can beforwarded by the Conference PostOffice if required.

Electric Power:

The normal electric current inAustralia is 240 volt A.C. with onlyminor variations from place to place,such as Perth in Western Australia,where the current is 250 volts.

Fittings for plugs and powerpoints are also completely differentfrom those overseas. Australian elec-

trical appliances are fitted withplugs which have three flat pins,and the arrangement of the pins isroughly triangular, with two pinsset at an angle.

All hotels in Melbourne have 240volt 3-pin socket fittings on powerpoints, and while all hotels at whichdelegates will be staying have a verylimited number of transformers,only two hotels have adaptors whichwill fit electric cords with Americanor English type plugs.

Unless electrical appliances, par­ticularly shavers, brought by dele­gates operate on roughly similarvoltages, delegates are advised tobring their own adaptors and/ortransformers to avoid inconvenienceand unnecessary expense. Adaptorsand transformers are not readilyavailable in Australia.

Alternatively, delegates and theirladies may choose to bring battery­operated electrical appliances withthem.Hotel Reservations and Charges:

Because of the demand for ac­commodation throughout any year,adavance reservations have alreadybeen made by the Conference Or­ganizers, but Conference Applica­tion Forms, particularly for accom­modation, should be returned asearly as possible to make it possibleto meet the specific requirements ofdelegates.

It is requested that delegates for­ward a prepayment of A$15 perroom with the application forms.This amount will confirm the re­servation and will be credited to­wards the total accommodation andother hotel costs incurred. Paymentof these charges are a matter forfinalisation between delegates andthe hotels concerned.

Where it is not possible to forwardany advance payment because offoreign exchange regulations in theirown countries, delegates are request­ed to ensure that this fact has beennoted in the space provided on theform dealing with "Financial Re­quirement".

Hotel Accommodation:

Accommodation for delegates andtheir ladies has been reserved infive Melbourne Hotels, which aredifferent in atmosphere and ap­pointments, but which offer satisfac­tory rooms and service. The Hotelsare-

7

CONFERENCE PAPERS AND SPEECHES:The Conference Organizers intend that delegates shall have the oppor­

tunity to discuss ALL papers presented at the Conference and discussiontime has been allocated for each paper.

There will be SIX major papers presented (in precis form only) at theConference, and the total time allocated for both presentation AND dis­cussion is one hour.

There will also be NINE other papers and the total time allowed forpresentation AND discussion 25 minutes. These papers should be limitedby the speaker to a maximum time of 15 minutes, so as to allow at least 10minutes for discussion.

1. MAJOR PAPERS:1. Tonnage Measurement.

To be presented on behalf of IMCO byCaptain A. Pearson,Nautical Adviser,Department of Shipping & Transport, Australia.

2. Relative Merits Unitised and Containerised Cargoes.By Mr. D. L. Beattie.Director,National Materials Handling Bureau,Department of National Development, Australia.

3. The Impact of Mineral Development on the Growth of AustralianPorts.By Mr. \IV. W. Sweetland,General Manager, Engineering and Development,The Broken Hill Pty. Co., Ltd., Australia.

4. World-wide Transportation Problems from the Viewpoint of theUnited Nations.By a Representative,The United Nations.

5. The Economic Impact of Ports on the Regions they Serve and theRole of Industrial Development.By Mr. R. Vleugels,General Manager,City of Antwerp, General Management of the Port.

6. Development of Ports of Emerging Nations.By Prof. V. K. R. V. Rao,Minister of Transport & Shipping, India.

The Southern Cross, an Inter­Continental hotel, is the Americanstyle with approximately Ameri­can style standards and services.Particularly popular with over­seas visitors.

The Windsor: A quieter, moreconservative type hotel more inthe English style, also popularwith Australian Prime Ministers)Members of the State and FederalParliaments, Diplomatic Repre­sentatives, and Graziers andPastoralists.The Sheraton: A modern stylehotel-motor inn with an interstateand overseas clientele, located op­posite one of the city's popularand famed gardens area, whichfeatures particularly fine hothouses and Captain C0ok's cot­tage.The Victoria: A quiet, reservedtype of non-licensed hotel whichis very popular with overseas andinterestate visitors because of itsmore moderate rate of tariff, itsfamily style atmosphere, and itsslightly more central location inthe City. (Licensed restaurantonly. )The Ress Oriental: Centrallylocated amid the charm of tree­lined Collins Street, surroundedby a variety of exclusive littleshops in what is the hub of medi­cal specialists' consulting rooms.The hotels are in the City area

itself and are in close proximity ofeach other and the Southern CrossHotel, the venue of the Conference.Official Air Carriers:

For the convenience of delegatesand their ladies, the ConferenceOrganisers have appointed two Aus­tralian airlines-one operating ex­clusively in the international sphere,the other exclusively domestic - asthe official air carriers for the con­ference. The overseas airline isQANTAS, and the domestic airlineis Ansett-ANA, both of whom aremaking special arrangements to caterfor conference delegates, and for thesmooth, trouble-free, exchange fromone to the other in onward move­ments.

Numerous international airlinesfly into Australia, and delegates areof course free to choose any of theinternational carriers, but Qantas isrecommended because it will enabledelegates and their ladies to set foot

8

in Australia immediately on board­ing their aircraft in their own coun­tries.

At the present time, all but oneof the international flights terminatein Sydney, and passengers will haveto transfer to the domestic airlinesfor onward movement to Melbourne.For this part of the journey, Ansett­ANA has made special arrangementsto cater for delegates, and on arrivalin Melbourne will transport themto the selected conference hotels.

Both the international and do­mestic companies are all Australianin origin, and their developmenttypifies the tremendous growth anddevelopment of the nation as awhole.

Qantas had its beginning in 1919,in a survey for the Federal Govern­ment to prepare landing fields in

the outback of Queensland and theNorthern Territory for the England­Australia air race.

In 1920, an air company wasformed to link isolated settlementsin the Queensland outback, and itsimposing name "Queensland andNorthern Territory Aerial Services"was quickly shortened to its initialsQANTAS. The company establishedits first regular service in 1922, overa route of 577 miles in Queenslandfrom Charleville to Cloncurry viaLongreach, with an ArmstrongWhitworth and a DH4, which eachcarried a pilot and two passengers.

From this modest beginning, thecompany - the oldest internationalairline in the English-speaking world-now carries the Australian flag to30 countries on five continents.

The international services were

PORTS and HARBORS

II. MINOR PAPERS:1. The Role of the Port of Kobe in Development of Seto Inland Sea

Regions.By Mr. Yasuhiko Nagata,Director,Pon & Harbor Bureau, Kobe, Japan.

2. The Liability of Carriers in Cargo Transportation.By Mr. R. K. Trimmer,Chairman,Northland Harbour Board, New Zealand.

3. The Seaports of the Future.By Mr. S. Johnson,Managing Director,British Transport Docks Board.

4. The Administrative Organization of Port Authorities of France.By ML C. Barrillon,Director,Port Autonome de Marseille.

5. The Ports, Motive Elements of Economy.ML R. Boeuf,Director,Port Autonome de Dunkerque.

6. Port Politics.Ing. Jorge Luis Frias,Administrator General of Ports,Republic of Argentina.

7. On the subject of Containerisation (title yet to be advised).By John T. McCullough, ffiEditor "Distribution Manager".

8. Modern Trends in Cargo Handling in India.Being arranged by the Government of India.

9. The advantages of a Seaport located for Inland, also in the era ofunit loads and containers, demonstrated by the Port of Hamburg.Mr. H. Westendorf,General Manager,Port of Hamburg.

inaugurated in 1934, following theformation of QANTAS Empire Air­ways Limited, established byQ.A.N.T.A.S. and Imperial Airways(later B.O.A.C.).

Ansett-ANA, one of Australia'stwo principal domestic airlines, hasa similar Cinderella-like story, whichbegan in 1936 with a six-passengerFokker Universal F-XI monoplaneand the vision, determination, andenthusiasm of a 27-year-old roadpassenger operator. The man wasReg Ansett who had started a pas­senger car service over 180 miles be­tween Hamilton and Ballarat, twoVictorian provincial centres, in 1931.

Today, 30 years later, Ansett­ANA is the nation's largest transportorganisation with a major domesticairline system; an express intercapi­tal road passenger coach service;express road freighters; a holidaytour company; and a chain of hotels;as well as manufacturing companies,and a TV station.

The Fokker Universal began to

SEPTEMBER 1968

operate for Ansett Airways in theHamilton-Melbourne service in 1936,and in 1957 in a $6 million trans­action, Ansett Airways bought outAustralian National Airways, one ofits main domestic competitors, toestablish the existing ANSETT­ANA organisation.Air Travel Bookings:

When overseas delegates maketheir air bookings to attend the Mel­bourne conference, they are advisedto ENSURE that their round tripair ticket INCLUDES a Melbourneto Sydney section.

This will allow delegates to par­ticipate in the Post Conference Tourwithout the payment of any addi­tional air fares, as the flight willbe covered by their internationalticket. The Post Conference Tourincludes air travel from Melbourneto Canberra and then to Sydney.

Australian delegates, who intendto participate in the Post ConferenceTour, should ensure that their airtickets include the Melborne-Can-

berra-Sydney section.The conference organizers advise

that delegates must indicate theirintention to join the Post ConferenceTour when forwarding their Con­ference Application forms, and theyshould therefore make sure thattheir air tickets cover the air travelsection concerned.

Delegates intending to take partin the Post Conference Tour, butwho do not hold the correct airtickets at the time of registration,will be required to pay an additional$A21.20 over and above the $A100which is the cost of the Post Con­ference Tour.

Customs Procedures and Require­ments:

Australia maintains strict, and insome instances inflexible, customsand quarantine requirements for allpersons and goods entering the coun­try, and the following details areaimed at informing delegates andtheir ladies in advance of the Aus­tralian customs requirements, sothat they will have as little difficultyas possible, and to avoid any mis­understanding.

Australian customs officers arecourteous in their dealings withtravellers and special considerationsare given "to short term visitors.

Upon arrival in Australia, Cus­toms officials will require delegatesto make either a written or oral de­claration about the contents of theirbaggage. They will be advised aboutthis declaration on the ship or air­craft as they near Australia.

While baggage is being examined,Customs Officers may ask somefurther questions. They have beentrained to assist, so seek their adviceif uncertain about anything.

GENERAL CONCESSIONS:The following goods may qualify foradmission free of duty:-

Personal Effects: These includewearing apparel and personal arti­cles of the type normally carried onthe person or in personal baggage,such as jewellery, toilet requisitesand articles of personal adornment.

Other personal articles may in­clude a camera, binoculars, portabletypewriter and one portable battery­operated radio receiver. Delegatesmay also import as personal effectsa portable battery-operated gramo­phone or tape recorder or dictatingmachine. However, special conces-

9

OFFICIAL FUNCTIONS AND RECEPTIONS:During the course of the Conference a number of official functions and

receptions will be held. While the majority will be INFORMAL, therewill be some functions at which EVENING DRESS comprising dinner jacket(black tie) or national dress would be preferred.

Receptions in honour of delegates and their accompanying ladies will beheld by His Excellency The Governor of Victoria, the Premier and Govern­ment of Victoria, and The Lord Mayor and Councillors of the City ofMelbourne.

Official functions include a Dinner by the President of the IAPH andby the New President.

Delegates participating in the Post Conference Tour will also attendReceptions in Canberra and Sydney.

sions may be allowed to temporaryresidents.

Personal sporting equipment suchas fishing tackle, golf clubs, and othersporting goods for own use are freeof Customs duties.

Cigarettes and Spirituous Bever­ages: Maximum allowances for eachadult passenger are:-

Cigarettes: 400.or

Cigars:1 lb. (about 80 medium size).

orTobacco: 1 lb.Spirituous Beverages:

Three 26 oz. bottles.Souvenirs, Gifts and Other Goods:

Quite apart from personal effects,delegates are allowed to land goodsup to a value of A$100 free of duty.In addition, similar goods up to avalue of A$160 may be importedbut these will be dutiable at a rateof 25 per cent. If the total valueof A$260 is exceeded, duty and salestax must be paid on the amount inexcess of A$260.

Delegates should specially notethat these extra concessions do notapply to cigarettes, cigars, tobaccoand spirituous beverages. Radio andtelevision receivers, tape recorders,dictating machines, gramophonesand any combination thereof are alsoexcluded.

Tourists and Temporary Resi­dents: Facilities exist for specialtreatment to be accorded to somedutiable goods landed by personsarriving in Australia for a temporarystay.

Certain types of goods, such asfur apparel valued at more thanA$150, and less than 12 months old,electrically-operated tape recordersand dictating machines are normally

10

subject to payment of customs dutiesand sales tax.

However, provided such goods areexported within 12 months of arrival,they may be landed free of duty.In these cases, the passenger is re­quired to either furnish a cash ordocumentary security, or a personalwritten undertaking, guaranteeingexportation within the prescribedperiod.

QUARANTINE: Australia main­tains a strict quarantine service toprevent the entry into the countryof contagious diseases. Many ofthese diseases, which affect humans,animals and plants, are not presentin Australia, and the various pro­cedures of quarantine are designedto prevent their introduction into thecountry. Quarantine Regulationsare administered by the Common­wealth Department of Health.

It is compulsory for travellers toAustralia to be vaccinated againstsmallpox and to carry a currentvalid International Certificate ofVaccination.

Passengers are advised againstbringing any plant material withthem, as there are strict regulationson the importation of all fruit, seedand plants. Permission must be ob­tained to land plant material, andthe importation of some types is pro­hibited altogether. This also appliesto milk and meat products, vaccines,or any biological matter.

Australia is free from many live­stock diseases such as foot andmouth disease of cattle, and seriousdiseases and insect pests of agricul­tural, horticultural and forest crops.The co-operation of delegates andtheir ladies is therefore sought inobserving the provisions of Aus­tralia's Quarantine Law.

Weather and Dress:The month of March is the be­

ginning of Autumn in Australia, andin Melbourne the weather is usuallyvery stable, with warm to hot daysand rather cool to cold morningsand evenings.

Melbourne is notorious for thechanges which occur in its weather.Temperatures can fall rapidly, andchanges of 30 degrees F. in a matterof an hour or so are not uncommon.

Autumn, however, is one of thebest seasons of the year, with a rangeof temperature between an averageminimum of 55 degrees F. and anaverage maximum of 75 degrees F.

For this reason both Summer andlight Winter weight clothing shouldbe included, as variations in tem­perature can make the cool weatherappear colder than it is.

On the matter of dress, delegatesand their ladies are reminded thatEvening Dress-that is Dinner Suitwith black tie, or national dress formen would be preferred for someof the receptions and social func­tions.

For the ladies, national dress orcocktail frocks or evening gownswould meet the formal dress require­ments.

Similar weather conditions prevailin both Canberra and Sydney duringthe months of March except thatmaximum temperatures can be high­er than in Melbourne, while theminimum in Canberra is frequentlylower.

In Canberra the average tem­perature range is from a maximumof 78 degrees to a minimum of 54degrees.

In Sydney the average tempera­ture range is from a maximum of77 degrees to a minimum of 63 de­grees.

Tipping:In Australia, the practice of tip­

ping is generally not as widespreadas in many other countries. How­ever, it has become a practice in themajority of hotels and the betterclass of restaurants.

Delegates are advised that theSouthern Cross Hotel includes a10% tip in the bills presented topeople staying in the hotel.

In the majority of cases, food anddrink waiters in better class restau­rants, and drink waiters in hotellounges, are tipped although this is

PORTS and HARBORS

not compulsory. In the case of taxidrivers, most people tell the driverto keep the small change out of afare. Taxi drivers will offer the pas­senger the correct change. Wherea passenger has baggage which isplaced in the boot of the taxi, thedriver is entitled to make a charge.Currency:

Australian currency is dollars andcents. Notes are of $20, $10, $5, $2and $1 denomination, and coins areof 1 cent and 2 cent denominationin copper, while 5 cent, 10 cent, and20 cent pieces are silver in colour.

Among the coins, some old cur­rency coins inscribed six pence, oneshilling, and two shillings are stillin circulation and are legal tender.These are equivalent in value, aswell as the same size and weight,as the 5 cent, 10 cent and 20 centcoins respectively, and are generallyindistinguishable from the decimalcurrency coinage.

Exchange Rate:For the guidance of delegates and

their ladies, the following tableshows the official exchange rateswhich were applicable as at 1st June,1968. These should be checked bydelegates at the time of forwardingconference payments.

The exchange rates quoted for oneAustralian dollar are those whichare payable for travellers' chequespresented in exchange for Australiancurrency.

CONFERENCE OUTINGS AND TOURS:Because an IAPH Conference is being held for the first time in Australia,

strong emphasis has been laid by the Conference Organizers on depicting,for the enjoyment of delegates and their ladies, various aspects of theAustralian way of life and Australia's unique flora and fauna.

While a metropolis in any part of the world has many features in commonwith any other, it is the people, their way of life and their places of interestwhich give each City its special characteristics and individuality, andMelbourne is no exception.

The Conference Organizers have attempted to fit into the busy ConferenceProgramme a series of interesting and enjoyable outings for delegates andtheir ladies, while still allowing some free time in yhich visitors may followtheir own inclinations.

As far as delegates are concerned, the principal Conference outing-atwhich they will be accompanied by their ladies-is a visit to the HealesvilleWildlife Sanctuary which is a source of never failing interest and enjoym=ntfor overseas visitors. The Sanctuary houses practically every specie of theunique, and peculiarly Australian, animals and birds which can be seen atclose quarters.

The Kangaroo is well known as Australia's national symbol, and visitorsare free to move among the Kangaroos and Wallabies which will eat foodout of their hands. The Australian Koala Bear is also known world-wideand these can be seen at very close quarters, and may on special occasionsbe handled by visitors.

In addition, there is the unique Platypus, which is extremely rarein captivity. This is one of the really "crazy mixed up" animals of theworld. The Platypus is a mammal, which lays eggs but suckles its young;has a bill and webbed feet like a duck, but whose body is covered with fur;it lives in the water, but builds its nest on dry land.

Interesting birds include the Lyre Bird, and the Emu which wandersfreely around in the Sanctuary, and will take any food from visitors,whether offered or not.

The other main outing for delegates in the iVIoomba Procession which isthe climax of a ten day long Festival of Music, Art, Drama, Sport and otherfunctions and entertainment.

The Moomba Parade features gaily decorated floats as well as Bands,Clowns, Marching Girls, and it takes about two hours to pass any given point.

Delegates and their ladies will be provided with special Grandstand seatingfrom which to view the Parade, as the procession is watched by up to800,000 people who line streets along the route.

Inspection trips of the Port of Melbourne by launch have been includedin the Conference Programme to give delegates an idea of the generalfacilities and the developments which have taken place in regard to containerand unit-load port facilities and cargo handling methods.

AustriaBelgiumBritainCeylonDenmarkFijiFranceHollandHong KongIndiaItaly.TapanMalaysiaNew ZealandNorwayPakistanSingaporeSouth AfricaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandUnited StatesW. GermanyW. Samoa

29.07 shillings55.94 Francs9/4 (£E.46)6.71 Rupees8.38 Kroner9/11 (£F.49)5.57 Francs4.05 Guilders6.88 Dollars8.50 Rupees700 Lira407.45 Yen3.44 Dollars1.00 Dollars8.04 Kroner5.38 Rupees3/44 Dollars

.80 Rand78.30 Pesetas5.80 Kroner4.84 Francs1.11 Dollars4.47 Deutsche Marks16/4 (WS$.81)

Melbourne:To the tourist visitor to Australia,

this cosmopolitan metropolis, sprawl­ed over 625 sq. miles in which tree­lined streets and parklands are afeature, is considered to be a charm­ing, graceful, fashionable city, whose2.3 million people are generally heldto be warm-hearted and friendly.

To the businessman making eithera short or long term visit, the cityis a bustling industrial and commer­cial centre, which as the formernational capital is still to a largeextent the financial hub of the na­tion. However, this influence isdiminishing with the growth and

development of Canberra, establish­ed as the national capital in 1927.

Melbourne was founded on theRiver Yarra, a 153-mile long water­way, in 1835, and in the 133 yearsof its development has attracted themajor proportion of people migrat­ing to Australia. Today more than7% of its population is of foreignorigin, while 19% of its people wereborn overseas.

A strangely similar pattern ofmigration is evident in the 1850sand 1860s compared with the 1950sand 1960s. The earlier years in­cluded the turbulent gold rush daysin Victoria which greatly stimulated

SEPTEMBER 1968 11

LADIES' PROGRAMME:A separate programme has been arranged for the Ladies who will be

accompanying delegates to the Melbourne Conference. As this will be the firstvisit to Australia for many of the ladies, the emphasis has been placed ona number of functions which will give them some appreciation of the wayof life, the homes, facilities and services available to women in Australia.

In the main, only half-day outings have been specially arranged, startingno earlier than 10.30 a.m. and finishing no later than 4.00 p.m.

Only one full day tour has been organized and this is the combined tourwith delegates to the Healesville Sanctuary.

The short morning and afternoon outings, and unassociated luncheons,have been arranged so as to cause as little fatigue as possible, and yetprovide a maximum of interest and enjoyment.

development, while in the latteryears boom condition developmentdemanded a substantial increase inpopulation.

Today Melbourne's industries pro­duce 64% of the nation's motorvehicles, both built and assembled inthe country, as well as 44% of allmotor vehicle parts and accessories.In addition 56% of the nation's tex­tiles and textile goods, and 43 % ofthe nation's clothing, including men'sand women's clothing, shirts, shoes,millinery, foundation garments, andwaterproof clothing, are manufac­tured in Melbourne. Other majoritems produced for the nationalmarket include 34% of the nation'spaper, stationery and book binding,40% of rubber goods, includingtyres and tyre retreading and re­pairing, and 30% of .chemicals,dyes, explosives, paints, oils andgreases.

The influx of migrants from Eu­rope-the largest national group isItalian-has had a considerable im­pact on the life of the community,and the city always renowned forits high cuisine now has a greaternumber of quality restaurants thanany other city in Australia, with agreater variety of internationalCUISIne.

Melbourne is also regarded as amajor Australian fashion centrewhere a greater variety of worldfashion clothing, particularly ladies'clothing, is carried in departmentstores and small attractive shopsscattered through numerous arcadesin the heart of the city.Healesville:

Summer is a pleasant time in Vic­toria and there's no more pleasanta place than Healesville which liesin the foothills of the Great Divid­ing Range in the Valley of the WattsRiver. Healesville, 39 miles east ofMelbourne on the Maroondah High­way, was named after Sir RichardHeales who was the Premier of Vic­toria in 1860.

The whole of the Healesville dis­trict is an invitation to walk andmotor to viewpoints, forests andwaterfalls. The town is surroundedby tree-covered mountainous coun­try with mile upon mile of mountainash, swamp, gums, beech, sassafrasand myrtle. Giant tree ferns chokethe mountain gullies; every valleyhas its bird song choir, accompanied

12

by the unabashed mimicry of thesuperb lyre-bird.

One of Healesville's - and Aus­tralia's-most famous attractions isthe Sir Colin Mackenzie Sanctuaryin a bushland setting of 428 acresof forest. In this peaceful reservein the valley of Badger Creek at thefoot of M t. Riddell (2,750 ft.) is acollection of Australia's native ani­mals and birds: kangaroos, koalas,wallabies, wombats, echidnas, platy­puses, emus, lyre-birds, bower birds,cockatoos, parrots, eagles, giantlizards, and a host of other nativefauna.

The Sanctuary was developed asa research station in 1921 by SirColin Mackenzie, a famous Aus­tralian anatomist, whose study ofAustralia's unique fauna yielded awealth of valuable scientific infor­mation. The main purpose of thesanctuary is the preservation andpropagation of native fauna, andthe provision of facilities for theeducation of young Australians inthe fascinating birds and animals oftheir own land.

Canberra:

Australia's national capital todayis a 39-year-old carefully plannedand designed city of 12 square mileswith a population of nearly 97,000,which is beginning to develop char­acteristics and a personality of itsown.

Canberra, now the seat of theFederal Parliament, head offices ofCommonwealth Departments and anincreasing number of banks and in­surance companies and commercialhouses, as well as diplomatic missionsfrom more than 40 countries, wasestablished in 1927.

The national capital from the date

(See Opposite Page)

of Federation in 1901 was Mel­bourne, but intense rivalry betweenthe nation's two principal cities ofSydney and Melbourne led to thecreation of Canberra as a city andcapital. Appropriately enough theword Canberra, meaning "meetingplace", is aboriginal in origin, andhas at various times in its historybeen called Canberry, Canburry,Kemberry, Caamberra and Kam­berra.

"The meeting place" today is theseat of the Federal Government anda parliamentary system based on theBritish system, but with Americaninfluence in the naming of the twohouses of parliament "House of Re­presentatives and Senate". In factthere is further American influencein the establishment of Canberrathrough an American architect fromChicago, Walter Burley Griffin, whowon a world-wide competition, and£1,750, for his design for the capital.Prior to 1927 Canberra was pasturearea which was first settled in 1823by a man who purchased 1,000 acresat £5 per acre. In an Australia­wide search for a suitable site fora capital, an area of 938 sq. milesbased on the pasture lands whichwere Canberra was decided on in1911, and the area transferred fromN.S.W. and established as the Aus­tralian Capital Territory.

After winning the city develop­ment competition, Griffin was ap­pointed Federal Capital Director ofDesign and Construction, and hetook up his duties in 1914.

Canberra today is a delightful cityof circular streets and boulevards onwhich foreign countries have estab­lished their Australian embassies,and in its original concept had somesimilarity to Washington, the Ameri-

PORTS and HARBORS

* Outings and functions at which ladies will accompany delegates.

Afternoon Free.

12.30 p.m.- 1.30 p.m.

1.30 p.m.- 4.00 p.m.

the city, perpetuates his name andhis association with the capital.

In recent years also, a deliberateand planned move has gainedmomentum to transfer governmentdepartments and head offices to thenational capital from all parts ofAustralia.

Post-war construction of newoffice and administrative buildings,a network of modern highways androadways has further enhanced thebeauties of the city, and give it adistinctive character as the nation'scapital.

Sydney:Sydney, the capital of the State

of New South Wales, is the oldestand most beautiful city in Australia.Founded on January 26, 1788, atthe very beginning of white settle­ment in the continent, Sydney hasdeveloped from a struggling penalcolony to a gay cosmopolitan andfascinating international city.

With a resident population of 212million, the city is one of the nation'smajor industrial and commercialcentres with the busiest port in theSouth Pacific.

With a total area of 670 squaremiles, Sydney and its suburbs sprawlalong the Pacific Ocean seaboardand inland towards the Blue Moun­tains, with the heart of the city,both geographically and emotionally,centred around the 22 square milesof the world's finest deep water har­bour.

The shoreline of this beautifulharbour, which has a two-mile wideentrance flanked by high cliffsknown as the Heads, extends a dis­tance of 150 miles along all its in­dentations, which are a forest ofmasts and spars of some 5,000 pri­vately-owned yachts and powerboats.

One of Australia's most photo­graphed landmarks is the HarbourBridge, the largest arch bridge inthe world. I t has a single 1,650 spanwhich soars 440 feet above sea level,and carries an eight-lane highway,two sets of rail tracks, a footway,and a bicycle way.

Sydney revels in what is essential­ly an outdoor life for which theclimate is ideally suited.The Nation's Ports:

Australian ports are unique in twoaspects: unlike in many overseascountries, the ports of Australia are

President's Dinner.

Visit to Healesville Wildlife Sanc­tuary (approximately 40 miles fromMelbourne) where Australian NativeAnimals may be viewed in theirnatural habitat.

Visit to "Como" (an historic home)and the Melbourne BotanicalGardens.Luncheon at a new Restaurant inthe Botanical Gardens.Visit to Melbourne's BaysideBeaches.Civic Reception by the Lord Mayorand Councillors of the City ofMelbourne.

Official Opening of Conference.City Sightseeing.Luncheon.Guided Shopping Tour.Reception by the Governor of Vic­toria in the State Ballroom of Gov­ernment House. (His Excellencywill receive Members of the Execu­tive Committee and their wives inthe State Drawing Room.)

Morning Coffee.State Reception by the Premier ofVictoria.

Visit to Open Air Art Show conduct­ed each year in conjunction withMoomba Festival and to Mel­bourne's newly constructed VictorianArts Centre;and by arrangement to other Institu­tions of interest to particular ladies.Luncheon.

Luncheon.Closing of Conference.Dinner by new President.

View the Annual Moomba Proces­sion through the City of Melbourne.Depart by chartered aircraft forPost Conference Tour.

Griffin's design theme has been main­tained, and an artificial lake, builtin recent years to further beautify

Evening Free.

* 9.00 a.m.-l0.00 a.m.10.00 a.m.-12.30 p.m.12.30 p.m.- 2.00 p.m.2.00 p.m.- 4.00 p.m.

* 6.00 p.m.- 7.30 p.m.

10.15 a.m.-l1.30 a.m.* 8.00 p.m.

*10.30 a.m.- 5.00 p.m.

* 7.00 p.m.

Morning Free.12 noon- 1.30 p.m.

* 2.00 p.m.- 3.30 p.m.* 7.00 p.m.

* 8.00 p.m.

Monday,3rd March

]2.30 p.m.- 2.00 p.m.

Wednesday,5th March

* 1.00 p.m.- 3.30 p.m.

Tuesday,4th March

Thursday, 9.30 a.m.-12.30 p.m.6th March

Friday, 9.30 a.m.-12.30 p.m.7th March

LADIES' PROGRAMME:

Sunday, Free.9th March

Saturday,8th March

Monday, *10.00 a.m.-12.30 p.m.10th March

can capital.In the modern post-war concept

of urban development, much of

SEPTEMBER 1968 13

POST CONFERENCE TOUR:Once again emphasis has been placed on distinctively Australian charact­

eristics for the Post Conference Tour which will include the AustralianNational Capital of Canberra, 294 air miles north-east of Melbourne, andthe City of Sydney, the cradle of the Australian Nation and largest City,150 air miles from Canberra.

Overseas delegates should ensure that they have a Melbourne-Sydneysection in their air tickets, while Australian delegates should make sure thatthey have a Melbourne-Canberra-Sydney air ticket, in order to participatein the tour at no extra cost.

Canberra was established as the National Capital in the middle 1920's,and became the seat of the National Government in 1927, when FederalParliament moved from Melbourne, which had been the National Capitalsince Federation of the Australian Colonies in 1901.

Canberra is surrounded by rich pastoral and sheep-raising country, anda visit to a sheep station, with a demonstration of sheep handling by dogs,and sheep shearing, has been included in the Tour programme.

Sydney was the first settlement established by Europeans in 1788 whenEnglish Captain Arthur Phillip landed a party of 1,030 soldiers, sailors and726 convicts at Sydney Cove at the foot of the City. However, considerable"voluntary" migration was to follow, and free settlers established settlementsall around the Continent. These later developed into self-governingColonies, and then into the present six self-governing States, which from theFederation as the Commonwealth of Australia under a Federal Parliament.

Sydney thus has much of historic interest, as well as being a major com­mercial and industrial centre with one of the finest and scenically magnificentharbors in the world. The port and harbor will feature prominently in thevisit to Sydney which is being arranged by the Maritime Services Board ofNew South Wales, the Authority for the Port of Sydney.

not located in clusters but are sepa­rated by long distances. By virtueof this separateness there is almostno competition between individualports, and so most ports have amonopoly of the internationallytraded goods moving to and fromtheir hinterlands.

There is considerable variationwith regard to the volume of trafficentering the ports, and the types andquantities of cargo handled; the re­lative importance of overseas andcoastal trade, and the degree ofmechanisation used. These varia­tions are due mainly to the distri­bution of Australia's natural re­sources and to the pattern of pro­duction and consumption in thehinterland served by each port.They are also influenced greatly byexternal factors such as overseasdemand for Australia's exports, andby Australia's dependence on over­seas supplies of certain products.

The Australian capital city portsdeal with a wide range of cargo, butmost outports tend to specialise inone or two particular commodities,usually of agricultural, pastoral ormineral origin. Some ports operatecontinuously, some operate seasonal­ly, and others operate only occasion­ally during the year.

There are approximately 66 portsof commercial significance in Aus­tralia at which overseas, interstateand intrastate vessels call.

The relative importance of theports may be measured in a varietyof ways. Whatever measure is used,the six capital city ports togetherwith Botany Bay, Newcastle, PortKembla in New South Wales andGeelong in Victoria usually headthe list, and Townsville in Queen­sland, Yampi in Western Australia,and Whyalla and Port Stanvac inSouth Australia, occasionally appearin the first ten.

Australian ports are controlled by(a) Trusts or Boards for particularports; (b) the Marine Departmentor its equivalent in the State inwhich the port is located, or (c)private owners. Moreover, in somepublicly owned ports, notably Bris­bane, certain wharves and jetties areprivately owned and controlled. Inconsequence there is no general co­ordinating authority on either anAustralia-wide or a Statewide basis.There is, however, a voluntary Aus-

14

tralian Port Authorities' Associationwhich meets at intervals to exchangeviews and to make suggestions con­cerning co-ordination, port develop­ment and operation.

Today, more than 100 milliontons of cargo is handled at Aus­tralian ports in the overseas andinterstate import-export trade. Thecoastal cargo of course is doublecounted because it is loaded at oneAustralian port and discharged atanother.

Trade through the three majorports of Melbourne, Sydney, andFremantle is orientated towards theoverseas general cargo trade, andin the case of Melbourne about 72%is with foreign countries, Sydney70%, and Fremantle 63%.

An examination of Australia'stotal overseas trade shows that theU.K.;Continent and Asia are themajor trading partners. In the pasttwo years the proportion of totaltrade with the U.K.;Continent hasshown a decrease of approximately5 per cent, whilst trade with Asiahas increased by 3.4%.

The principal items of import arerelated to capital goods for indus­trial development and include ma­chinery, transport equipment, petro-

leum and products, textiles, chemi­cals and other manufactures. Com­modities exported are predominant­ly textile fibres and waste (mostlywool), cereals, meat and prepara­tions, ores and scrap, non-ferrousmetals, dairy products and eggs,iron and steel, sugar and prepara­tions, fruit and vegetables. The pri­mary sector of the economy, there­fore, continues to be Australia's ma­jor source of export goods, althoughthere is a developing trend towardsincreased exports of goods fromsecondary industry.

At Melbourne, commodities mov­ing through the port in 1967 wereprincipally petroleum and products,wool, meats, fruit, motor vehicles,malt, flour and scrap metal in theexport trade, and petroleum andproducts, phosphate rock, coal, pa­per, drugs and chemicals, steel,timber, motor vehicles and sugaramong the imports.

The principal exports (coastaland overseas) from the Port ofSydney were coal, wool, wheat, pe­troleum, flour, motor vehicles, ironand steel products, meat and rice.Major imports were petroleum, coal,timber, paper and newsprint, motorvehicles and parts, chemicals, sugar,

PORTS and HARBORS

POST CONFERENCE TOUR PROGRAMME:

Friday, 9.30 a.m.-12.30 p.m.14th March

Monday,10th March

Tuesday,11th March

Wednesday,12th March

Thursday,13th March

1.00 p.m.- 3.30 p.m.

2.30 p.m.- 5.00 p.m.7.00 p.m.

9.30 a.m.- 5.00 p.m.

Evening Free.

9.15 a.m.-l 1.30 a.m.10.30 a.m.-12.30 p.m.

1.00 p.m.3.00 p.m.- 4.30 p.m.7.00 p.m. for 7.30 p.m.

9.30 a.m.- 5.00 p.m.

Evening Free.

2.15 p.m.- 4.15 p.m.

5.45 p.m.- 7.30 p.m.

Evening Free.

Leave Melbourne by Chartered Air­craft for Canberra.Arrive Canberra.Reception.

Sightseeing and visit to Sheep Sta­tion, demonstrations of sheep handl­ing by dogs, sheep shearing, woodchopping and other rural activities,and barbecue luncheon.

Leave Canberra for Sydney.Arrive Sydney.Luncheon at Chevron Hotel.Conducted Tour of City Sights.Official Dinner attended by thePremier of New South Wales andGovernment Ministers.

Tour of Sydney's Pittwater area, oneof the city's scenic t>eauty spots.

Harbour Tour and luncheon onboard launch.Choice of inspection of OperaHouse, or tour of Eastern suburbsbeaches, or free afternoon.Farewell Cocktail Party and Buffet.

million bales of wool pass over thewharves of the port each year.

The principal wharves in the portstart about 5 miles from the Heads,in close proximity to the city, anda channel with a depth of 45 ft. atlow water enables deep draft tank­ers to proceed to berths about 7miles from the harbour entrance.

In 1962, the Board initiated anextensive redevelopment plan, in­cluding the construction of newberths to provide a roll-on roll-offterminal and three other berths withlarge cargo sheds and extensive areasof open flat land, suitable for bothunit-cargo ships as well as conven­tional ships.

In addition, the first stage of aterminal complex for the overseascontainer trade has been completedand is in service. The second berthand remainder of the terminal areawill be ready for use by the middleof 1969 to provide a total land areain excess of 20 acres.

So as to meet future demand forfurther container facilities, the Boardhas established the practicability ofdeveloping terminal and depot facili­ties for container operations in otherareas of the port.

END OF POST CONFERENCE TOUR

wood pulp, machinery and gypsum.For Fremantle, the principal ex­

ports were petroleum products,wheat, alumina, iron and steel, wool,fruit, minerals, timber and meat, andmajor imports were petroleum andproducts, fertilisers, iron and steel,chemicals, motor vehicles, paper,timber, machinery, coal and sugar.

About 1,450 vessels, which maybe classified as liners, tramps andtankers, are engaged each year intrades between Australia and over­seas countries.The Port of Sydney:

The Port of Sydney is under thejurisdiction of the Maritime ServicesBoard of N.S.W., a statutory bodyof seven Commissioners, three ofwhom are full-time, with the re­maining four serving part-time asNominated Commissioners.

The Board is the port authorityfor all ports in New South Wales,including Sydney and the three ma­jor ports of Newcastle, Port Kembla

SEPTEMBER 1968

and Botany Bay, and 29 proclaimedoutports. Together, these portshandle approximately 40 milliontons of cargo each year. In additionto its functions as port authority,the Board,is the pilotage, navigationand conservancy authority for allnavigable waters within the Stateof New South Wales.

Trade handled through the Portof Sydney totals about 13 milliontons each year, the overseas trafficusually amounting to more than 9million tons.

Bulk oils and timber are majoritems of the overseas import trade,but essentially Sydney is a generalcargo port insofar as imports areconcerned. Export tonnages havebeen showing a marked increase inrecent years and coal shipments,mainly to Japan, now total morethan 2 million tons per year. Inaddition, Sydney is a major outletfor primary products, and more thanone million tons of wheat and one

IAPH MembershipDirectory 1969

Just OutExtra Copies Available

at $2.00 per copy

postage included

(50% discount for

members)

Order with money is to be

sent to:

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Kotohira-Kaikan Bldg.,

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Tokyo 105, Japan

15

President

The Maritime Services Board if N.S. W.Australia

No. 1-Recently completed at the Port of Sydney, this four-berthcomplex, the first stage of the Darling ~arbour reconstruction schceme,is eminently suited for unit and contame; cargoes as well as for co~­

ventional type cargo vessels. The berth m the fo~eground (No.7) ISequipped to handle roll-onjroll-off vesse~ operatI~g between. SydI!eyand Tasmanian ports. A 26-ton capaCIty travelbng crane IS bemginstalled for use at Nos. 8, 9 and 10 Berths.

Wales

vide depths from 35 feet to 38 feet.The mean tidal range is 3 feet 6inches.

There are about 10 miles of com­mercial berths in the port, andabout 3,000 feet of wharfage forharbour craft. The principal wharf­age is located within 4 or 5 milesfrom the sea and in close proximityto the city.

Although Sydney is essentially ageneral cargo port, bulk oils andtimber form major items of overseainward trade. A marked increasein export tonnages has been shownin recent years with coal shipments,mainly to Japan, totalling ov~r 2million tons per year and more than1 million tons of wheat and 1 mil-

By W. H. Brotherson

Ports of New South

of water not less than 30 feet atlow tide. With an average widthof slightly less than one mile andextending only about 13 miles in­land, there are 152 miles of fore­shore bordering the various armsand the many sheltered bays.

The entrance between SydneyHeads is almost a mile in widthwith a depth of 84 feet and insidethe Heads there are two entrancechannels which run either side ofthe well known IISOW & Pigs" reef.The western channel is 700 feetwide with a minimum depth of 45feet, and the eastern channel carriesa depth of 38 feet. Most of theberths used by overseas vessels pro-

Mr. W. H. Brotherson

The Maritime Services Board ofN.S.W., a corporate body of threefull time and four part time Com­missioners, is the port authority, theconservancy authority, the pilotageauthority and the navigation au­thority for the State of New SouthWales, Australia.

In its role of port authority, theBoard administers all the ports ofthe State and the ownership of thetwo principal ports, Sydney andNewcastle, together with BotanyBay on the southern fringe of theCity of Sydney, is vested in theBoard which is responsible for theirfull design, construction and main­tenance.

The other ports of the State, in­cluding the major harbour of PortKembla, are operated and adminis­tered by the Board on behalf of theNew South Wales Government andthe Department of Public Works isresponsible for the construction workand maintenance.

The ports administered by theBoard accommodate more than7,000 ships each year and the totaltrade handled reached a record levelof 43.65 million tons in the yearended 30th June, 1968. Sydney, asAustralia's premier port on volumeof cargo, catered for 3,947 vesselsand 14.82 million tons of goods,with Newcastle handling 11.79 mil­lion tons, Port Kembla 10.1 milliontons and Botany Bay 6.68 milliontons.Port of Sydney. Sydney Harbourhas an area of over 13,600 acres­approximately 21 square miles­about half of which carries a depth

16 PORTS and HARBORS

No.2 - At White Bay, in the Port of Sydney, work is now well advanced, andon schedule, on the construction of container terminals which will have a combinedwharf face of 2,200 feet, backed by about 20 acres of flat land. The Artist'simpression, superimposed on the aerial photograph, shows the complex as its de­velopment will appear when the initial stages of construction have been completed.

lion bales of wool are exported fromthe port each year.

Sydney is the terminal port inAustralia, and, in some cases, theonly Australian port of call formany overseas passenger liners.Three modern terminals have beenprovided to cater for tourist andpassenger traffic, the main terminalin Sydney Cove regularly accom­modating vessels of 45,000 tons.Planning is in hand for an addi­tional passenger facility to meet thegrowing demand.

Most of the berths in the port areequipped with spacious cargo shedswhich have a total area of almosttwo and a quarter million squarefeet-a little more than 50 acres­and this accommodation is being in­creased steadily by new construc­tion.

Much of the port's general cargois handled by ships gear, but wharfcranes with capacities ranging from5 tons to 20 tons are available atsome berths and all recently con-

SEPTEMBER 1968

No.3 - The Sydney Cove Passenger Terminal is within a few hun­dred yards of the centre of the city and in close proximity to alltypes of public transport.

17

No.4 - The Basin Coal Loader, Newcastle, has a designed loadingrate of 2,000 tons per hour through the two shiploaders at the loadingberth.

the Captain Cook Graving Dock.Rail facilities connected with the

main railway system of the Stateare provided at some berths.

Increasing quantities of coal arebeing exported overseas each yearfrom the Port of Sydney throughNo. 1 Berth, Balmain, where coalloading equipment of the conveyortype, with a designed loading rateof up to 1,000 tons per hour, hasbeen provided by the Board.

No.5 - The four bay stacking area at the Coal Loader, Newcastle,enables 90,000 tons of coal to be prestacked to ensure the continuousloading of vessels.

structed wharves have been designedto enable the installation of cranesif found necessary in future. Level­luffing travelling cranes to lift 26tons are being installed on newwharfage at Nos. 8--10 Berths,Darling Harbour, and at No. 11Berth, Woolloomooloo.

Heavy lifts can be handled byfloating cranes with capacities of upto 150 tons, or by the 250-ton craneat the fitting-out wharf adjoining

18

Facilities are available for han­dling bulk wheat and bagged grainor flour, and the bulk wheat ter­minal at Glebe Island has a storagecapacity of 712 million bushels(about 200,000 tons). Bulk loaderscapable of handling wheat into ves­sels at more than 3,000 tons perhour are located at the recentlymodernised grain berth at GlebeIsland, which has been reconstruct­ed with a depth of 38 feet in theberth to enable the loading of car­goes in the order of 50,000 tons. Atadjoining berths the Board has pro­vided shed accommodation and con­veyor equipment for bagged flouror gram.

A continuously manned communi­cations centre, working on radio­telephone as well as on the normaltelephone network, is operated atthe Board's Head Office and main­tains constant contact with theSignal Stations at Sydney, New­castle and Port Kembla, units ofthe Board's floating plant includingthe pilot vessels, dredges, tugs andlaunches, and with special servicetrucks which are equipped as mobileradio-telephone stations. The centreserves as the channel outside normalhours for all requests for services toshipping, the supply of informationto the public, and all emergencycalls.

The international V.H.F. radio­telephone system is used for com­munication with ships at sea, andfor a link between the pilot vessels,ships under pilotage charge, tugsand the Board's Head Office, cover­ing the ports of Newcastle, PortKembla and Botany Bay, as wellas Sydney.

The Board is at present engagedin a major redevelopment program­me to meet the continuously chang­ing trends in ship design and cargohandling techniques, a problemcommon to port authorities through­out the world. The programme,which is now well in hand, has beendesigned to extend over a ten yearperiod, the plans for the second fiveyears being flexible and capable ofbeing adapted to meet changes incargo handling methods as they be­come apparent.

The first stage of the DarlingHarbour reconstruction scheme wascompleted recently, involving theprovision of a roll-onl roll-off ter-

PORTS and HARBORS

No.7 - Port Kembla is essentially a bulk cargo port catering mainlyfor the steel industry, the fertiliser trade and coal exports.

No. 6 - The new bulk berth at Kooragang Island, Newcastle, isequipped with two wharf-mounted unloaders each with a nominalcapacity of 650 tons per hour.

at Snails Bay.

Port of Newcastle. The second ma­jor port of the State, Newcastle, islocated 62 miles north of Sydneyat the entrance of the Hunter River.A bar harbour port protected bytwo breakwaters, it has a depth of36 feet I.S.L.W. in the entrance andin the main channels.

Newcastle ranks second amongAustralian ports in volume of tradebut is essentially a bulk cargo port,the main export items being coal,mainly to Japan, and wheat. Themajor items of import are ironstoneand limestone used in the steel in­dustry, phosphatic rock and bulkoils. However, the volume of generalcargoes has been increasing, theprincipal items being iron and steelproducts, wool, timber, and re­frigerated meat.

An extensive programme of worksfor the development and modernisa­tion of the wharfage facilities hasalso been undertaken at this portas part of the Board's ten year re­development scheme, which makesprovision for virtually all of theolder wharfage in the Port of New­castle to be reconstructed. In all,twelve new or reconstructed wharveswill be provided in addition to fournew tug berths.

The 12 million dollar Basin CoalLoader and berth, commissioned inNovember, 1967, were among thefirst of these projects to be com­pleted. The berth, 1,200 feet inlength, has a depth of 38 feet along­side and two dolphins at the south-

used in conjunction with offsite de­pots where less-than-container lotswill be packed or unpacked. Theterminal and depot will be connectedby rail, so that a large proportionof the cargo handled at the terminalwill not pass over the road systemin the suburban and near city areas.

The western section of the newdevelopment will be operated by theBoard as a general user berth forcontainer vessels not associated withSeatainer Terminals Pty. Ltd., andin the event of this traffic develop­ing to an extent which would callfor further special container facilitiesin the port, there are several otherareas in Sydney Harbour whichwould be suitable and could beconsidered for that purpose.

Other works completed so far inthe redevelopment programme atSydney include the new bulk wheatberth and four special dolphinberths for the timber import trade

minal and three modern generalcargo berths, and a further stagefor the replacement of old berthsin the northern section of DarlingHarbour has been started.

A feature of the Darling Harbourwharfage is the large, modern, clearspan cargo sheds with wide door­way openings, suitable for the move­ment of mobile handling equipment,and the open spaces of stackingarea behind the transit sheds. Theseberths are particularly suited to themodern unit cargo handling processinvolving the use of heavy fork lifttrucks and the wharf surfaces aredesigned to accommodate axle load­ings of up to 100,0001bs. A 26-toncapacity travelling crane is beinginstalled at this wharfage, suitablefor handling the limited number ofstandard 20 ft. containers usuallycarried by unit-cargo vessels.

In the W oolloomooloa Bay sectionof the port a new general cargowharf is also under construction andlike the new berths in Darling Har­bour, it has been designed to carryheavy fork lift loadings and will beequipped with a 26-ton crane.

The most spectacular develop­ment at the present moment is tak­ing place on the White Bay fore­shores of the Balmain peninsulawhere a container terminal complexis being built to provide some 2,200feet of berthing frontage backed byabout 20 acres of flat land. Thefirst section of this $10 million pro­ject will be ready for use early in1969 when the first of the cellularcontainer vessels is due to enterservice between Australia and theU.K.

The eastern end of the terminalcomplex will be leased to SeatainerTerminals Pty. Ltd. and will be

SEPTEMBER 1968 19

No.8 - The Maritime Services Board, in collaboration with specialistconsultants, has been undertaking hydraulic and engineering studiesof Botany Bay and has now decided to construct a hydraulic modelof the bay to assist in detailed development investigations.

ern end provide an additional 420feet of tie-up berthing for vesselsawaiting loading. The modern coalloading installation has a designedhandling rate of 2,000 tons per hourthrough two loading heads at theberth. A stacking area enables 90,­000 tons of coal to be pre-stackedto ensure the continuous loading ofvessels.

A new bulk berth has also beenrecently completed at KooragangIsland (formerly Walsh Island) .Equipped with two wharf-mountedunloaders, each with a nominalcapacity of 650 tons per hour, the600 feet berth is used mainly byindustries established on the Island,but bulk cargoes for other industriesin the Newcastle area can be un­loaded at the berth for movementto the hinterland.

A new general cargo berth 650feet long with a large compoundarea at the rear is nearing comple­tion at No. 1 Throsby Basin. Theberth has been designed to accom­modate the heavy wheel loadingsassociated with the handling of con­tainers and unitised cargoes and willhave two sets of rail tracks on thewharf apron. A travelling crane of26 tons capacity, suitable for liftingstandard 20 ft. containers, will beinstalled and a transit shed with anoverall length of 435 feet and aclear span of 120 feet is also beingprovided at the berth.

To cater for the considerable in-

20

crease in the volume of bulk wheatexports from the port a new grainwharf, 700 feet in length, is in thecourse of construction on the west­ern side of Carrington Basin.Port Kembla. Located 44 milessouth of Sydney, Port Kembla is anartificial harbour formed by twobreakwaters with an entrance widthof 1,000 feet and enclosing an areaof 330 acres, with an inner basinformed by dredging and excavation,and entered from the outer harbourthrough a 400 feet wide channel.Provision has been made for furtherexpansion of this basin to meet re­quirements as they arise. The depthof water ranges from 50 feetLL.S.W. in the entrance betweenthe breakwaters, up to 42 feet atthe jetties in the outer harbour, anda minimum of 36 feet in the innerharbour basin.

Three Government jetties, a berthfor bulk oil cargoes and one private­ly owned jetty for imports of iron­stone and other raw materials usedin the steel industry are situated inthe outer harbour. Wharfage in theinner harbour consists of two Gov­ernment wharves-one for coal ex­ports and one for tie-up purposesand limited cargo handling - andtwo steelworks berths for export ofsteel products and the discharge ofironstone and limestone. The coalexport berth is equipped with twowharf-mounted shiploaders eachwith a capacity of 1,000 tons per

hour.Botany Bay. Originally intended asthe site of the first settlement inAustralia, Botany Bay, on thesouthern fringe of the City of Syd­ney is, with the exception of someshipments of bulk chemicals, purelyan oil port. A jetty with accommo­dation for two tankers, and foursets of moorings with submarinepipelines to the refineries have beenestablished at the Bay. A depth of50 feet I.S.L.W. is available at theentrance with 38 feet in the channeland depths ranging from 34 to 43feet at the moorings and in theswinging basin.

The potential of Botany Bay asan auxiliary port to the Port ofSydney has been recognised by theMaritime Services Board for a num­ber of years and hydraulic and en­gineering studies have been pro­gressed by the Board involving itsown technical staff working in col­laboration with overseas experts en­gaged as consultants.

Resulting from these tests, theBoard has made recommendationsto the Government in connectionwith the zoning of the Bay for portpurposes, it having been establishedthat Botany Bay can be developedinto a still water port. The Boardis also constructing a hydraulicmodel of the Bay to assist in thedetermination of details for the de­sign of the proposed port develop­ment.

Outports. In addition to the fourmajor ports of Sydney, Newcastle,Port Kembla and Botany Bay, 29proclaimed ports in New SouthWales are administered by theBoard. These harbours were onceof considerable importance in thedevelopment of the coastal areas ofthe State, but most of the shippingservices have been withdrawn withthe extension of the railways andthe increased use of road transport.However, five of these outports,Richmond River, Clarence River,Coffs Harbour, Trial Bay and Two­fold Bay are still visited by tradingvessels.

Some limited exports of timberoverseas and interstate, and the bulkshipment of raw sugar and molassesto the refinery in Sydney are han­dled at the Richmond and Clarence

(Continued on Next Page Bottom)

PORTS and HARBORS

December 14-15, 1967

Final Report

Montevideo, Uruguay

LAFTA Seminar on Container mittees beginning on Thursday, 14December, at 17 :30 hours, accord­ing to the following distribution ofSubjects:

Committee 1-Chairman:Mr. Tomas Sepulveda

Subject: Co-ordination of theuse of the container in thethree methods of transport:water, air and land. Thepossibility of establishing apool of containers in theBasin.

Committee 2-Chairman:Mr. Milton Reyes

Subject: Analysis of the eco­nomic aspects of the use ofthe container. Rapport be­tween transporters and usersof every class.

Committee 3-Chairman:Mr. Hugo Opazo.

Subject: Study on how to makethe circulation of goods easierwithin the Basin and ex­trazonally. (prior dispatch,administrative controls, pro­gressive elimination, etc.)

During the Seminar, the film"Highway to Hawaii" was shown,ordered especially for this purposefrom San Francisco, California,through the Embassy of the UnitedStates of North America in Uru­guay, and this describes the activi­ties of the shipping company, Mat­son Navigation Co., which suppliescombined goods transport services,using containers, pallets and suchlike.

The participants unanimously ex­pressed their satisfaction at the ex­hibition of this interesting docu­mentary.

The reports presented by the threecommittees mentioned above wereexamined in the plenary session heldat 11:30 hours, Saturday, 16th De­cember.

As a result of the above examina­tion, the Seminar agreed to adoptthe following conclusions:

1) To adopt the use of a basic,uniform teminology in Spanish toreplace the English vocabulary inuse at present, to be used in IEPALand to encourage it in the relevantorgans of Latin America:

contenedor-for containerpalete-for palletbuque-contenedor-

for containership

A.N.P. officially closed the sessions,congratulating the organisers andparticipants on the good results ob­tained, and the Director General ofrEPAL thanked speakers and par­ticipants for the interest shown,A.N.P. for the facilities afforded,and A.N.P. and ALALC for thehigh patronage granted to the Semi­nar, and the valuable contributionof their technicians.

2) Expositions

During the Seminar, expOSItIOnswere made by those referred to onthe following subjects:

Thursday, 14 December:

-"The container in sea and watertransport," by Mr. Tomas Sepul­veda Whittle, Transport Con­sultant of the Latin AmericanAssociation of Free Trade (Pro­gramme DE/ALAL).

-"The load unit in land transport,"by Walter Giribaldi, Engineer, Co­ordinator of the Transport Sec­tion of the Planning and BudgetOffice, Chief Engineer of A.N.P.

-"The container in air transport,"by Mr. Andre Hillion, Adviser tothe General Office of IEPAL.

-"Port organisations and installa­tions for the utilisation of thecontainer," by Mr. GeorgesTheodoru, maritime and port ex­pert of OIT; Adviser to A.N.P.

-"Customs implications of theutilisation of containers and pal­lets," by Mr. Hugo Opazo, tech­nological expert of ALALC.

Friday, 15 December:-"The point of view of the users"

by Mr. Milton Reyes, ExecutiveSecretary of the Exporters' Unionof Uruguay.

B. Works and ConclusionsThe Seminar proceeded in ac­

cordance with the prepared pro­gramme, with the work of the com-

Rivers, whilst the export of timberis the sole trade at Coffs Harbour.Imports of bulk petroleum productsare handled at Trial Bay and Two­fold Bay.

As the outports are still used ex­tensively by vessels engaged in com­mercial fishing and by pleasure craft,the Board maintains an establish­ment at most of these areas to ad­minister requirements under its Actsand Regulations.

A. Organisation1) Opening and closing sessions

At 10:00 hours, on Thursday,14th December 1967, in Montevideo,the Intensive Seminar on the Con­tainer, an Integration Factor in LaPlata River Basin was inauguratedin the assembly room of the Officeof the National Administration ofPorts of the Eastern Republic ofUruguay (A.N.P.). This seminarwas organised by the Institute ofPolitical Studies for Latin America(IEPAL) with the patronage ofA.N.P. and under the auspices ofthe Latin American Association ofFree Trade (LAFTA).

Present at the opening were thePresident of A.N.P., General (R)Juan Pedro RIBAS; the AssistantExecutive Secretary of ALALC, Dr.Cesar VENEGAS; the DirectorGeneral of IEPAL, R.P. Paul RAM­LOT, D.P., speakers, participantsand observers.

General Ribas declared the semi­nar open, stressing the importancethat A.N.P. placed on the meeting,and Father Ramlot in a speech thetext of which is included in thisreport, referred to the reasonswhich stimulated IEPAL to or­ganise it.

The Seminar was closed at 12:30hours, Saturday, 16th December,and, at this time, the President of

Organised by LE.P.A.L. (Instituto de EstudiosPoliticos para America Latina)

SEPTEMBER 1968 21

contenerizacion-for containerisation

2) To designate a Study Group,composed of participants of thetransporters, of the users, and ofthe labour section, with the adviceof experts of the international or­ganisms, and this shall functionunder the direction of IEPAL, theinstitution charged with carryingout the formation of the same, re­gulating its functioning and super­vising the fulfilment of its mission.

The Study Group shall be respon­sible for the following purposes:

a) the collection of antecedentson legislation and regulationsboth in the countries ofALALC and in other nations,as regards the tools of unitisedcargo (containers, pallets, etc.)and the systems of combinedor integrated transport;

b) to study the internationalprices of the containers andthe possibility of manufactur­ing these parts in Uruguay,and in complementary fashionwith the countries of ALALC;

c) to prepare the start of theCommittee for the Study of In­tegrated Transport (C.E.T.I.)to which resolution No. 3 re­fers, which must begin itswork as soon as possible andto which the Study Groupshall deliver its studies;

d) to report to IEPAL, within90 days from the constitutionof the Group, on the workundertaken, so that the saidInstitute may inform the par­ticipants of this seminar and,if thought necessary, call an­other meeting.

3) To create a Study Committeeon Integrated Transport (C.E.T.I.)which shall work in the field ofIEPAL, and shall have representa­tives from the Official sections, thetransporters and users, and thelabour sections of various means oftransport.

C.E.T.I. shall try to obtain theparticipation of ALALC, BID,CEPAL, DEA, DIT, and other at­tending organisms, as well asALAMAR, ALAF, ALATAC,CITA and other international trans­port associations.

C.E.T.I. shall have the following

22

objectives, among others:

i) to study and propose, to thecorresponding organs, themeasures necessary to achievethe swift incorporation of thenew techniques of unitisedcargo and of combined trans­port, and their maximum eco­nomic and social advantage,in the exchange of trade be­tween the various countries ofLa Plata River Basin, witheach other and with the otherregions of the world, especial­ly with the member countriesof ALALC.

ii) To study the establishment ofa direct customs (port-to-port)procedure to allow the use ofcontainers and such like ininternational goods transport,without breaking load at thefrontiers or between the vari­ous transport means;

iii) To encourage immediately theadoption of the followingmeasures before the corre­sponding authorities:

a) the establishment of exon­eration from import dutiesin order to facilitate, inthis way, the entry of con­tainers and such like intothe country, as well asthings necessary for theirmanufacture, and to facili­tate their circulation be­tween the countries of theBasin.

b) the adoption of the customprocedure of prior dispatch(with prior payment) inthe customs clearance ofthe goods, intended for thecountry which are trans­ported in containers andsuch like;

c) the acceptance of thestamps and customs sealsplaced by foreign customson containers and closedand sealed cars whichtransport goods in transit,without affecting the pow­er of the national customsto affix their own seals andstamps;

d) the elimination of customscustody in internationalcustoms goods transit oper­ati.ons, when the goods are

in sealed and stamped con­tainers and cars;

iv) to study the national legisla­tions connected with the useof containers and such like,especially in the customs, fis­cal, port, labour, banking,transport insurance, and other

-aspects so as to suggest theelimination of the impedanceswhich prevent use and maketheir intensive use difficult;

v) to encourage the harmony oflegislations of the countries ofLa Plata River Basin with theidea of adopting commonnorms to facilitate intensiveuse of the containers and suchlike in reciprocal trade, as wellas with the other countries ofALALC and with the rest ofthe world;

vi) to promote basic studies ofpossibilities intended to facili­tate the financing of the ac­quisition and manufacture ofcontainers and other parts forthe transport with unitisedcargo for companies of thecountries of ALALC, on thepart of the organisms presentand especially BID, as theBank of Latin American In­tegration;

vii) to study the possibility of es­tablishing pool systems of ad­ministration of pallets andcontainers in La Plata RiverBasin, with the participationof Latin American transport­ers in associations and co­operatives similar to those ofthe main trade centres of theworld.

viii) to study the basic norms forthe establishment of generaltariffs for unitised cargo, be­tween the different means oftransport in La Plata RiverBasin and between the coun­tries of ALALC.

4) To offer the authorities of theNational Administration of Portsand the Executive Secretariat ofALALC their thanks for the valua­ble collaboration in granting theprestige of their patronage as wellas the local facilities and the in­valuable contribution of the techni­cians and experts from both institu­tions.

PORTS and HARBORS

OrbiterIAPH News:

Mark Dec. 1, 1968

December 1, 1968 is the date bywhich your Application Forms forthe Melbourne Conference mustreach the following address:

The Secretary

Organizing Committee

Melbourne Conference IAPHc/- The Melbourne Harbor Trust

G.P.O. Mox 2239TMelbourne, Australia 3001

The Conference InformationBooklet and Application Form havebeen sent late August to all IAPHMembers and interested bodies.Those who have not received thesematerials or those wishing to haveextra copies for business associatesand interested observers, should alsowrite to the above address.

Tobin Committee

On August 1, Mr. Austin J. Tobin,Chairman of the Committee on In­ternational Port Development (Ex­ecutive Director, Port of New YorkAuthority), sent a voluminous (308type-written pages) "Study TeamReport on the Major Ports of India"to Dr. V. K. R. V. Rao, Ministerof Transport and Shipping of India.Altogether a hundred copies of theReport have since been sent to Dr.Rao at his request.

The Report is the product of thesurveys made by the Study Teamorganized by Mr. Tobin at Dr.Rao's request (ref. Ports and Har­bors, March '68, page 12) . TheTeam was composed of the TeamLeader, Mr. Stig Axelson, GeneralManager, Port of Gothenburg,Sweden, and 3 members, Mr. Ro­bert P. Schulze, General Manager,Marine Operations, Port of NewYork Authority, Mr. John N. Black,Planning Officer, Port of LondonAuthority, and Mr. Robert L. Pet­tegrew, Manager, Freight Trans­portation Planning, Port of NewYork Authority.

SEPTEMBER 1968

Probe

A copy of the Report was sentalso to Dr. Chujiro Haraguchi, Pres­ident (Mayor of Kobe) for his con­fidential reference. The Presidentvoiced admiration at the achieve­ment in his letter of acknowledge­ment to Mr. Tobin. Any revelationof the contents should come eitherfrom Dr. Rao or Mr. Tobin at Dr.Rao's consent.

It is said that during the five­week stay in India, the Team travel­ed about five thousand miles whileinspecting eight major ports andtwo satellite ports. About 70 meet­ings were held at the ports. Nearly300 representatives of port, com­mercial and shipping interests, laborand regulatory agencies were inter­viewed.

Posthuma Committee

Ir. F. Posthuma has exchangedmore cables and letters with mem­bers of his Committee (on Large­Sized Vessels) and the SecretaryGeneral on the first Committeemeeting, which had originally beenslated for October 16--- 18, 1968 atRotterdam.

According to the latest informa­tion, the meeting was postponed byone week to October 23---25, toenable Mr. Schultze of N. B. C. tojoin the meeting after witnessing thearrival of the 312,000 dwt tankerUniverse Ireland (world's largest,christened in Yokohama August 15)at the Bantry Bay. Meanwhile, Mr.Stig Axelson, General Manager ofGothenburg, has replaced Mr. H.Westendorf of Hamburg on theCommittee.

Thus the participants of the meet­ing will be: Ir. F. Posthuma, Manag­ing Director, Port of Rotterdam­Europoort, Chairman of the Com­mittee' Commander Stig Axelson,Managing Director, Port of Gothen­burg, (Rt.), Royal Navy (Sweden),Mr. Charles Barrillon, Director Gen­eral, Port Autonome de Marseille,

IAPH News

Mr. A. Lyle King, Director of Ma­rine Terminals, The Port of NewYork Authority, Commander E. H.W. Platt, (Rt.), R. N., Director ofB. P. Tanker Co., London, Mr. A.E. Schultze, Director of MarineOperations, National Bulk Carriers,Inc., New York, Mr. Takao Tsuji,Managing Director, Taiheiyo Kaiun,Japan (substitute for Mr. GengoTsuboi) .

The following two guest speakerswill be invited: Ir. W. Langeraar,Rear-Admiral, Netherlands RoyalNavy, Chief of Hydrography, Minis­try of Defense, and Commander J.W. Oosterbaan, Lt. Commander,Netherlands Royal Naval Reserve,Deputy Harbour Master, Port ofRotterdam-Europoort. There will bethree more present: Mr. E. S. Olcott,Chief of Central Planning Division,Planning and Development Depart­ment, The Port of New York Au­thority, Ir. H. P. Meijer, DeputyManaging Director (Technical) ,Port of Rotterdam-Europoort, andIr. N. P. Van Den Berg, Civil En­gineer, in charge of Europoort mat­ters, Port of Rotterdam-Europoort(Secretary of this meeting).

Directors

• Mr. M. Overvad of the Port ofAarhus takes the place of the lateMr. Aa. Hendrup of Copenhagenas IAPH Director for Denmark, andMr. Eigil Andersen, Acting GeneralManager of Copenhagen will act asAlternate Director until the Mel­bourne Conference.

• Mr. I. Rahav, Manager of HaifaPort, has taken the place of Mr.A. Landman as IAPH Director forIsrael. Mr. J. Peltz, Head of Opera­tion and Coordination Dept., IsraelPorts Authority, Tel-Aviv, continuesas Alternate Director.

• In Kenya, East Africa, where Mr.W. W. Gow has been Director andno Alternate Director has been ap­pointed, Mr. Gow has withdrawnand nominated a new Director (Mr.Cornelius Tamale, Director-General,East African Harbours Corporation)and an Alternate Director (Mr. J 0­

seph Musembi, Chief Ports Man­ager Designate).

23

IAPH News

Letter of Invitation

MELBOURNE CONFERENCE IAPBMarch 1969

29 Market Street, Melbourne, Australia, 3000.

Tel. 61 328i. Cable. - Harbor, Melbourne.

24

PATRON: His Excellency The Governor of Victoria, Maj. Gen. Sir Rohan Delacombe, K.C.M.G., K.B.E., C.B., D.8.0., K.8U.

Dear Sir~

As you are no doubt aware~ the Port of Melbourne is to have thehonour of being the Host for the Sixth Biennial Conference of the InternationalAssociation of Ports and Harbors which will be held at the Southern CrossHotel~ Melbourne~ from the 3rd to the 8th March 1969~ and I now have pleasurein enclosing Application Forms for the Conference together with a GeneralInformation Booklet in which is set down for your information the OfficialProgramme for the Conference and also the social activities. Details of aspecial programme which is being planned for the accompanying ladies isalso included.

We feel that we can promise a most enjoyable and informative Con­ference~' with many interesting Papers being presented and, from indicationsalready received~ it is apparent that representation from most of the majorworld ports can be expected. We feel also that Australia has something alittle different to offer from the point of view of tourist attraction and we areendeavouring to incorporate some of this into the Post Conference Tour whichis to be offered to delegates and their ladies.

It is appreciated that you may wish to delay making a firm commitmentfor your attendance at the Conference, but in order to ensure that all thenecessary arrangements can be completed for the success of the Conferenceand for the comfort of delegates and their ladies~ it is essential that applicationsfor attendance be in the hands of the Organizing Committee no later than 1stDecember 1968.

The Conference Organizing Committee will be only too pleased toprovide any further information which you may desire concerning the Conference.

I trust that we may look forward to the pleasure of your company inMelbourne in March next year.

Yours sincerely,

y~.Chairman~

Organizing Committee.

PORTS and HARBORS

Legal Counselors

Seven Legal Counselors of IAPHhave been named, as follows:Mr. M. Dunne, Solicitor to theBoard of the Maritime Services, TheMaritime Services Board of NewSouth Wales, Box 32, G.P.O., Syd­ney, N.S.W., AustraliaMr. Sidney Goldstein, GeneralCounsel, The Port of New YorkAuthority, 111 Eighth Avenue, NewYork, N.Y. 10011, U.S.A.Mr. Cyrus C. Guidry, Port Counsel,Board of New Orleans, P.O. Box60046, New Orleans, Louisiana70160, U.S.A.Mr. Arthur W. Nordstrom, 5, Clove­tree Place, Portuguese Bend Cali­fornia 90274, U.S.A.Mr. J. Kerwin Rooney, Port At­toney, 66 Jack London Square,Oakland, California 94607, U.S.A.Mr. Leslie E. Still, Jr., Deputy CityAttoney, Port of Long Beach, 925Harbor Plaza, P.O. Box 570, LongBeach, California 90801, U.S.A.Mr. Gengo Tsuboi, Director of theJapan Shipowners' Association, Osa­ka Building, No.1, 2-chome, Uchi­saiwai-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo,Japan

Mohamed Razalli, Member

Mr. Dato Laksemana MohamedRazalli, Chairman, Penang PortCommission, Penang, Malaysia,strolled into IAPH Head OfficeAugust 16 morning, and exchangedloud hellos with Dr. Hajime Sato,Deputy Secretary General.

Mohamed Razalli was on his pri­vate tour eastward to Hawaii andon, and took time out to drop injust to see how IAPH was faring,and missed his close friend, Mr.Gaku Matsumoto, former SecretaryGeneral. In leaving abruptly, heshook hands with Dr. Sato vehe­mently, exchanging "See you III

Melbourne".

Seminarists

In response to the SecretaryGeneral's circular (Ports and Har­bors, April '68, p. 24), lists of par­ticipants at port seminars have beenreceived from Mr. Den Toom ofAmsterdam (for participants of thepast three years) in March, Mr.Vleugels of Antwerp and Mr. Swan-

SEPTEMBER 1968

son of Melbourne in April. Thus99 names have been added to themailing list of Ports and Harbors,on top of the 167 participants ofthe past seminars in Japan, to makea current total of 266.

Australian Seminar

The Maritime Services Board ofN.S.W., Australia forwarded theSecretary General's letters concern­ing the assistance programs renderedto developing countries to the De­partment of External Affairs fordirect reply, and meanwhile, Mr.V. G. Swanson, Chairman of Mel­bourne Harbor Trust Commission­ers, sent to the Secretary Generala list of ten names of the StudyGroup sponsored by the Common­wealth Department of External Af­fairs.

More recently, the Australian De­partment of External Affairs inCanberra wrote to the SecretaryGeneral on the subject and sent a416-page report of the study pro­gram conducted April-July this year.

Officially called "A Study Pro­gramme in Ports and Harbours Ad­ministration for Visiting Interna­tional Fellows" the course was con­ducted on behalf of the Departmentby various Government Departmentsand Port Authorities in Australia.All ten officials who attended thecourse did so under the auspices ofone or other of aid schemes suchas the Colombo Plan, the SpecialCommonwealth African AssistancePlan and the Australian South Paci­fic Technical Assistance Programme.

This is the second course of thistype which has been conducted inthe last two years; 17 Fellows at­tended the first course which wasconducted in 1966. The third isnot scheduled before 1970. The sub­ject matter of each course variessomewhat depending on the generallevel of trainees attending the course.

Australia also has provided train­ing for a number of individualtrainees who have come to Australiato make a study of some speCIficaspect of Port Administration. Inthese cases individual programstailored to the needs of the par­ticular trainee have been arranged.

Of the ten trainees of this year,two were from Indonesia, and one

Topics

each from Cambodia, Ceylon, Fiji,India, Kenya, Malaysia, Singapore,and Tonga.

Genoa Container Show

The Second International Con­tainer Exhibition sponsored by theInternational Fair of Genoa isscheduled to be held in the GenoeseFairgrounds from October 19th to27th, 1968. The first was held Octo­ber 19--21, 1967. (In Ports andHarbors July issue, page 36, theyear was indicated as 1969 accordingto an equally authentic source, butmore than one other news from thesame source point to the year 1968.-Ed.)

Portless Port

San Francisco, Calif. :-As inter­modality becomes more and morean integral part of internationaltransport, the ports of the worldcan be expected to undergo greatchange.

Just how greatly they will changeand in what manner depends onwhat eventually comes out of thegrowing effort to unite land andwater transportation in the world­wide movement of freight, and itssomewhat later link-up with airtransport.

Men in the forefront of the inter­modal movement are agreed thatchanges are ahead for the ports andthat they will, without a doubt, bedrastic alterations.

The most far-out term coined todate to describe what's coming is"the portless port." A picture ofsuch a port was verbally drawn ata recent seminar at the United Na­tions Port and Shipping Center inHolte, Denmark.

The man who saw the prospect ofthe "portless port" was R. P. Holu­bowicz, vice president of the IngallsShipbuilding division of Litton In­dustries. The advent of truly trans­modal shipping, he suggested, willmake a port no more than an "in­terface" a point where freight incontainers or other units is transfer­red from one mode of transport toanother.

The port, as a place where cargois sorted, stored, inspected, marketedand packaged, Mr. Holubowiczbelieves, will simply cease to exist.

25

The Americas

"The port will diminish graduallyas a focal point of international com­merce and business activity and be­come merely a link in the over-allsystem of transportation."

He said it is important to keepin mind from now on that watertransportation no longer can be con­sidered a separate or independentmode. It must be thought of interms of a total concept that in­cludes land and air carriers as well.

Small ports, he predicted, willeventually disappear and their placewill be taken by fewer and largerports, functioning regionally ratherthan locally. These large "load cen­ters" will rule out "feeder servicesutilizing breakbulk methods of cargohandling" as "uneconomical."

If Mr. Holubowicz's words im­press you as concerned too muchwith possibilities that mayor maynot be realized at some future time,recent statements by Erik Severin,the director general of the Swedishmerchant marine, may bring mat­ters closer to home. Mr. Severinsays: "Whether we like it or not,the evolution (of larger, specializedvessels of all kinds) points to a re­duction in the number of commer­cial ports."

The method of transportation nowserved by "a series of small ports,"he says, is being replaced by "a com­bination of different modes of trans­port-trucks, rail and ships.... Weshall have in the future regions withone or several large ports, equippedin a modern way."

Mr. Severin's predictions arelimited to his own bailiwick­Sweden; but they have universalapplication nevertheless. Of theSwedish experience, he says: "Dur­ing the last 10 years, the evolution(of merchant vessels) has been morerapid and profound than during thepreceding decade."

And the larger modern vessels aremaking work aboard easier andsafer. "As the tonnage grows, wehave fewer but larger ships.... Thisevolution will have its effect on portsand all maritime transport facilities."(Pacific Shipper)

New Port

Buenos Aires: - The ArgentineGovernment has appointed a special

26

board to determine a site and pre­pare plans for a new port capableof handling the world's largest tank­ers and ore carriers.

Transport Department experts be­lieved an adequate site might befound near Cape San Antonio, 150miles south-east of here, or at PuertoMadryn, 700 miles to the south­west.

In Buenos Aires, constant siltingof the port is making it obsolete evenfor small tonnage vessels. (Lloyd'sList)

Canadian 'Land Bridge'

San Francisco, Calif.:-Plans for"land bridge" movement of con­tainerized freight, involving multi­ple-car trains carrying as many as300 vans each, were announced ear­ly this month by Canadian NationalRailways.

The movement would link theFar East and Europe via Canadaand also contemplates carriage ofcargo between both overseas areasand inland Canadian points.

Furthermore, the plan encom­passes traffic originating or terminat­ing in the United States, providedit enters or leaves the North Ameri­can continent through Canadianpoints.

Canadian Pacific was reported tobe studying the possibility of usingdouble-tiered containers and de­veloping along with the "landbridge" trains, movement of con­tainers between shippers in Canadaand points in Canada and the U.S.(Pacific Shipper)

Mission to Far EastNew Orleans, La.:-The schedul­

ing of a large International Housetrade and cultural mission to theFar East this fall has been an­nounced by E. M. Rowley, president.

The 63rd mission organized bythe New Orleans trade promotiongroup will spend much of its timein Japan in September, followingvisits to Hong Kong, Manila andTaipei.

"It is most appropriate that sev­eral leading Louisiana business andprofessional men this year will spendabout 10 days in Japan, the num­ber one trading partner in our state'sports," Rowley said. The announce-

ment came in connection with "Ja­pan Week," and final arrangementsfor the mission were made vvhileAmbassador Takeso Shimoda of J a­pan was in New Orleans for celebra­tions.

Thomas Q. Winkler, IH first vice­president, will lead the delegation,scheduled to leave New OrleansAugust 31st with a stopover inHonolulu on the way to the Orient.

About 50 IH members are ex­pected to take part in the mission,designed to promote a larger ex­change of goods, services and cul­tural projects between Louisiana andthe nations in the Far East. Thegovernments and trade organizationsin the Philippines, Taiwan and HongKong extended invitations for theIH mission, Rowley said.

The 24-day schedule will includemeetings with government officials,chambers of commerce executives,university leaders, professional andtrade groups in several Japanesecities and in Manila, Hong Kongand Taipei. In Tokyo, the WorldTrade Center of Japan, the coun­try's leading private internationalorganization, will host the Louisianagroup, together with governmentagencies. (New Orleans Port Rec­ord)

Port HandbookNew York, N.Y.:-Culminating 10

years of painstaking effort and pres­enting an accurate annual chronicleof the Port of New York's services,facilities, trade and shipping infor­mation - the 1968 edition of theNew York Port Handbook-the 10thAnniversary edition, is off the pressesand in the mail to a world-widelist of approximately 25,000 mem­bers of the international businesscommunity including importantshippers; exporters-importers; for­warders; brokers; airline and steam­ship operators and others whoseactivities are to a great extent de­pendent on the efficient economicalfunctioning of America's leading portcomplex.

Almost a full year in preparation,the impressive 224-page Handbookis lavishly illustrated with photo­graphs, maps, charts and graphs­many of them in color. The hand­some compendium of New York portinformation deals with every con-

PORTS and HARBORS

ceivable category of service availableto the shipper via Port of New York-steamships, railroads, trucks, air­craft, lighters, towboats, barges, in­ternational and domestic freight for­warders, Custom House brokers,stevedores, chandlers, bankers, un­derwriters, export packers and manyothers.

Included in the Handbook are 12pages of detailed maps and an 80­page Directory section listing thenames, addresses and telephone num­bers of all Port District companiesoffering services to carriers, shippersand foreign traders.

As in past years, the 10th An­niversary edition of the New YorkPort Handbook was published bythe Port Resources InformationCommittee, a non-profit organiza­tion devoted to the promotion of thePort of New York District, withheadquarters at 90 Broad Street,New York City, New York. (PortResources Information Committee,Inc., Port of New York)

3-Level Automobile Cars

New York, June 13:-A facilityfor the direct unloading of tri-Ievelrailroad cars carrying new automo­biles for export will be provided ona 16-acre site at the Elizabeth-PortAuthority Marine Terminal undera $1,060,000 project authorized to­day by the Commissioners of ThePort of New York Authority. An­nouncement of the action was madeby Chairman James C. Kellogg, III,following the monthly Board meet­mg.

The new facility will accommo­date the growing volume of automo­biles for export moving through theElizabeth seaport and adjacent PortNewark. Last year some 29,000new cars-60 per cent of all thenew cars exported through the NewYork-New Jersey Port-were ship­ped through the two marine termi­nals. Virtually all these automobilesarrive in the port area on tri-Ievelrailroad cars, a convenient methodof transportation developed over thepast five years. Each of these railcars, carrying some 15 automobiles,is 89 feet long, about twice thelength of the average boxcar.

The unloading facility will beleased to Port Service, Inc., which

SEPTEMBER 1968

handles automobiles at the Elizabethterminal for the railroads, for fiveyears beginning January 1, 1969 atan annual rental of $165,019.

The new Elizabeth project callsfor the paving and fencing of a 695,­737-square-foot area bounded byBay Avenue and Izmir, Surabayaand Formosa Streets; and the in­stallation of about 4,000 feet of railtracks to permit the unloading oftwenty tri-Ievel rail cars at one time.The paved open area, with spacefor 3,000 vehicles, will accommodateboth export and import automobilesmoving through Port Newark andElizabeth. Construction of the un­loading facility will begin this sum­mer and will be completed by theend of the year. (News from thePort of New York Authority)

Stanford Group Visiting

Oakland, Calif.: - Seventy mem­bers of Stanford University's Trans­portation Management Program willinspect containerized freight facili­ties at the Port of Oakland thisThursday (June 27).

The group consists of executivesfrom throughout the U.S. and from11 foreign countries who representall modes of the transportation in­dustry and the transportation activi­ties within the Armed Forces andmanufacturing concerns. Directorof the 4-week management programis Dr. Karl M. Ruppenthal, nation­ally known transportation authority.

At Oakland, the managementgroup will inspect Sea-Land Serv­ice's 44-acre container terminal,which serves as the company'sWest Coast Headquarters. Sea­Land's freight volume at Oaklandis one million tons annually.

Port executive director Ben E.Nutter will give the group a de­tailed briefing on the $30 million,140-acre Seventh Street Terminal,the Pacific Coast's largest containercomplex.

This terminal will have eight deep­water berths and will start handlingcargo this September. MatsonNavigation Company's Bay Areacontainer operations will be basedat the terminal, along with those ofsix Japanese flag lines which arebuilding a fleet of new containerships. (Port of Oakland)

The Americas

New Executive Director

For 34 years Thomas H. Lips­comb's Army career took himaround the world, constructingbridges, dams, airfields, missile­warning systems and buildings.

Now, straight from Army Corpsof Engineers, he'll be concentratingon the buildup of the PhiladelphiaPort area, with its piers, bridges andtransportation network. Lipscombretired from the Army as a MajorGeneral on July 31, he has eightdays "vacation" left before he startswork as executive director of theDelaware River Port Authority. ThePhiladelphia Port area and the wholeDelaware River is not new territoryto Lipscomb.

From 1959 to 1962 he served asNorth Atlantic Division engineer forthe Army, and this area came underhis jurisdiction. "I was involved insupervising the maintenance of theport area". The silver-haired Lips­comb explained "and I worked onthe Delawase River Basin Commis­sion". Nevertheless, Lipscomb said,he'll have to catch up on what hasbeen going on here since 1962.

Lipscomb said he does plan totake a break from his homeworkand do some sailing on his 28Yz footsloop. His home sill be in Haddon­field, N. j., a location he chose fortwo principal reasons, he said. "Myold hometown of Columbus, Miss.,looks like Haddonfield-with the bigtrees and the houses. I felt right athome in Haddonfield right off thebat. "Then, the Authority's newrail line will go through Haddonfieldand I'll be able to commute to work.I got to like commuting when welived in Westfield, in North Jersey,while I was assigned to duty in NewYork City. I rode the Jersey Cen­tral Railroad then".

Lipscomb, 55, his wife, Louis, anddaughter, Jane, 19 a sophomore atNorth-Western University, soon willmove into their new home. TheLipscomb have two other children,Thomas S., 3D, of New York City,and Mrs. Margaret T. Lehartz, 25,of Ossining, N.Y.

Lipscomb said he thinks it wouldbe "premature" to comment onwhat might be done to improve theport area. However, he said, hefeels that "the solution to America's

27

The Americas

Maj. Gen. Thomas H. Lipscomb,U.S. Army, Rtd.

problems of the next ten years liesin making the cities attractive". Hesaid he feels the Port Authority has"major role" to play in the effortto attain such a goal. In his newpost, Lipscomb will oversee the con­struction of two bridges across theDelaware, the high-speed rail lineand the operation of the Authority'sBenjamin Franklin and Walt Shit­man Bridges.

Lipscomb is a 1934 graduate ofWest Point and holds a master'sdegree in engineering from CornellUniversity. During his Army careerhe served in Korea, Turkey and theArctic with the Army Engineers.From 1965 until last year he servedas commander of the army's combatdevelopment command at Ft. Leo­nard Wood, Mo.

In 1958 in Korea, he served withthe 8th U.S. Army Engineers, tak­ing part in saving hundreds ofKoreans threatened with floods onthe Han River. He received theUlchi Medal with silver star for hispart in the rescue work. Lipscombalso holds the Legion of Merit andthe Army Commendation Ribbonwith Three Oak Leaf Clusters. Hislatest award was the DistinguishedService Medal, the highest awardthe Army gives for non combat per­formance. This was given to himin the name of President Johnsonon July 31, his last day in the Army.His last position was director of In­ternational Logistics for the ArmyMaterial Command.

Lipscomb, who is under a two-

28

year, $40,000-a-year contract withthe Authority, will replace PaulMacMurray, 59, as executive direc­tor. (Delaware River Port Authori­ty, Tokyo Office)

Piggy-Back Depot

San Diego, Calif.: - A completepiggy-back depot adjacent to thewarehouses and transit sheds ofTenth Avenue Marine Terminalgives the Port of San Diego a strongposition in handling this specializedform of cargo shipment.

This is the opinion of shippers'agents at the terminal whose aggres­sive development of the piggy-backbusiness has given the Port a com­petitive edge in distribution rates.

A marshaling yard adjacent tothe 10th Avenue terminal complexincludes a complete piggy-back de­pot which permits importers usingthe Port facility immediate accessto piggy-back equipment, speedingthe handling of shipments to mid­west and east coast areas.

Unified Port District marketingexecutives have reported the ad­jacent facility has enabled manyimporters to deliver merchandise toNew York and Chicago at lowercosts through the 10th Avenue ter­minal than by water directly to theeast coast.

Leading the list of shippers'agents who report a strong growthin demand for the piggy-back ship­ment technique are the Les FriendCompany and Marine TerminalsCorporation, both well establishedservice agencies with offices at theTenth Avenue Marine Terminal.(Port of San Diego Newsletter)

Grain Terminal RedesignSan Francisco, Calif., August 20:

-A goal has been set to exportone million tons of grain per yearthrough the Port of San Francisco'sIslais Creek Grain Terminal, whichis being redesigned and modernized,Port Director Rae F. Watts an­nounced today.

Construction of new grain han­dling facilities has begun, followingaward of a $4.7 million contract bythe San Francisco Port Authorityto Homan & Lawrence EngineeringCompany, of San Francisco.

The redesign and new construc-

tion of the grain elevator will makeit one of the most modern and effi­cient facilities on the Pacific Coast,Watts said.

Involved in the construction isbuilding a new 1,000,000 bushelcapacity grain elevator, to doublethe terminal's present storage ca­pacity, and modern loading andhandling facilities to increase itsloading capacity to more than 1,200tons per hour. Existing facilities alsowill be modernized.

The terminal, only Northern Cali­fornia facility capable of handlingthe large grain carriers with a draftup to 40 feet, will remain operativethrough the new construction pe­riod, Watts said.

The grain terminal is operatedby Islais Creek Grain Terminal, partof the Pacific Vegetable Oil group.C. M. Rocca, President, said thatrecent market studies of Far East­ern markets indicate a potential fordoubling in the next five years thegrain tonnage from the UnitedStates through the Port of SanFrancisco.

"With San Francisco's ultra­modern terminal offering mid-West­ern producers the shortest route tothe Orient and with the advent ofmore favorable overland freightrates, considerably more grain ton­nage will move through the port,"he said.

The terminal's capability of load­ing more than 1,200 tons per houron super-ships with a draft of upto 40 feet will attract much newtrans- Pacific business, Rocca said.

Every ton of grain handledthrough the Port of San Franciscowill put an additional $6 into localeconomy through transportation re­venues, elevator and stevedoringpayrolls and consumer spending byship and shore crews," he said.

"As standards of living continueto rise in the Orient and as thepeople of those nations change theirdietary emphasis from rice, therewill be constantly increasing de­mand for supplemental grains,"Rocca added.

The modern unloading facilitieswill accommodate both hopper carsand boxcars with maximum effi­ciency. It will be possible to handleas many as 100 rail cars each day.

A conveyor belt will be construct-

PORTS and HARBORS

The Americas

line railroad on its Garden Cityterminal with two diesel enginesand over 25 miles of track.

GENERAL CARGOEXPORT AND COASTAL

CARLOADS UNLOADED ATATLANTIC, GULF AND

PACIFIC PORTS

Sydney, August 2:-The new bulkwheat loading facilities at No. 7Berth, Glebe Island, in the Port ofSydney, will be used for the firsttime on Monday next, 5th August,1968.

Mr. W. H. Brotherson, Presidentof the Maritime Services Board,said in Sydney today that theBritish bulk carrier "Oratava" wasdue to commence loading 39,500tons of wheat at the berth for ship­ment to Amsterdam at 7.30 a.m. onMonday.

He said that the berth had beenreconstructed by the Maritime Serv­ices Board in conjunction with theprovision of new grain loading facil­ities by the Grain Elevators Board.

The new berth accommodatesvessels with a length of over 700'and a depth of 38' of water is avail­able alongside to enable the vesselsusing the 36' channels leading tothe berth to load to maximum ca­pacity.

New Wheat Loaders

Rail Cars5,3714,4913,6513,0672,2352,0962,0571,7061,6161,6021,2761,2661,199

970949

Anchorage)

PortNew OrleansNew YorkSunny PointSan FranciscoHampton RoadsMobileHoustonSavannahBaltimoreSeattlePhiladelphiaGalvestonLos AngelesBeaumontCharleston

(Georgia

AS PUBLISHED BY THEASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN

RAILROADS, CAR SERVICEDIVISION

(15 of 42 Ports as Listed inMarch 1968 Report)

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.13.14.15.

from the Federal Aviation Authori­ty, and the addition now of a fulltape recording capability also dupli­cates the FAA's aircraft controlsystem. The ship communicationstapes will be retained for a periodsufficient to permit transcripts andrecords in the event of mishaps orto confirm actual content of mes­sages.

Designer of the reporting systemwas William Nations, Port RadioOfficer for the Pacific Far East Line,Inc., who is technical advisor toCapt. Dickover's task force. Nationsalso established the standards forthe new recording capability, andsupervised its installation.

Robert E. Mayer, Todd Ship­yards' Sales Manager and MarineExchange President, noted that inits eighteen months' operation, theGolden Gate reporting system hasearned the endorsement of pilots,ship operators, port interests and allconcerned with harbor safety andefficiency. "Addition of a full taperecording capability is but anotherstep in assuring that the San Fran­cisco Bay Region will continue asone of the world's most modernharbors", he said.

Keeping Railroads Busy

Savannah, Ga.: - We've beenworking for the railroad all the livelong days and nights and week-ends.

Proof that we kept the rails busyis evident by the March report ofthe Association of American Rail­roads which lists Savannah eighthin the nation with general cargocar loads unloaded for export andcoastal destinations.

Weare proud to be up there withthe big boys: New York, NewOrleans, San Francisco, and Hamp­ton Roads with this general cargoexport traffic.

Excluding the military terminalat Sunny Point, North Carolina,Savannah leads the South AtlanticPorts with rail export traffic almostdoubling the amount of rail carshandled for export by its nearestcompetitor.

The Port is served by the Sea­board Coastline Railroad Co. andthe Southern Railway System.

In addition the Georgia PortsAuthority operates its own short

24-Hour VHF Recording

ed to carry the grain from the cardumper and distribute it through­out the elevator at the rate of 25,000bushels an hour.

An important feature will be sixmechanized loading spouts that willbe arranged to load the large bulkcarriers without shifting the vessel.

San Francisco, Calif.: - Anothernational "first" was inaugurated to­day when all ship VHF radiotele­phone communications in the SanFrancisco Bay Region were recordedon a 24-hour basis.

Announcement was made by Capt.J. W. Dickover, vice president ofStates Steamship Co. and a directorand operations chairman of theMarine Exchange, which sponsorsand maintains the vessel movementand location reporting system.

Two special, slow-speed tape re­corders-each capable of operatingcontinuously for a full day - havebeen installed at the Exchange'sMain Lookout Station at Pier 45,San Francisco. The units will alter­nate on 24-hour duty to record theheavy volume of radiotelephonetraffic between the station and ships,tugs and equipment operatingthrough the Golden Gate and onthe Bay and river navigation system.Monitored are channels 10 and 18A(156.50 MHz. and 156.90 MHz.)­the former used for commercial mes­sages and dispatching, the latter formovement, location, weather andrelated safety and navigation pur­poses.

When it went operational inJanuary last year, the Exchange­sponsored reporting system was thenation's first comprehensive harborship radio plot program. Develop­ment of a similar system is now plan­ned for the Delaware Bay by Phila­delphia port interests, and theUnited States Coast Guard is study­ing sophisticated equipment appli­cations to harbor ship traffic con­gestion and low visibility problems.

The San Francisco-headquarteredoperation utilizes a graphic displayconsole and movable "tiles" whichrepresent the 5,000 ships (plus Navalunits, tugs and local units) whichannually arrive at the Golden Gate.The concept was borrowed directly

SEPTEMBER 1968 29

Mr. W. H. Brotherson (left) discusses aspects of the model of No.1Berth, Throsby Basin with the Maritime Services Board Engineer-in­Chief, Mr. J. M. Wallace. The crane to be installed on the berth isnot shown on the model. (The Maritime Services Board of N.S.W.)

rI~As;a-Ocean;a~f

Each of the four new loadingheads are capable of loading wheatat the rate of 800 tons per hourso that the potential loading rateof the ship is 3,200 tons per hour.

The "Oratava" came to Australiafrom Japan in ballast where it loadeda cargo of iron ore at Yampi Soundfor discharge at Port Kembla. Afterleaving Port Kembla, the ship willbe cleaned prior to loading its wheatcargo in Sydney. (The MaritimeServices Board of N.S.W.)

Floating Restaurant

Sydney, July 31:-The MaritimeServices Board has approved of theestablishment of a floating restau­rant in Rose Bay.

This was announced in Sydneytoday by Mr. W. H. Brotherson,President of the Maritime ServicesBoard, who said that the Board hasapproved of an application by Mr.A. J. Gemenis to moor a floatingrestaurant off Lyne Park.

In making the announcement,Mr. Brotherson said that the Boardhad considered the matter after theapplicant had approached the Wool­lahra Council and the Council hadindicated that no objections wouldbe raised to the mooring of the res­taurant off the foreshores of theMunicipality.

He said also that no objectionshad been raised by GovernmentDepartments having an interest inthe immediate vicinity of Rose Bay.

Mr. Gemenis intends to constructa vessel to be used for the purpose,and the conditions imposed by theBoard include a requirement thatthe plans of the vessel be approvedby it prior to work commencing.

It is intended that a small jettybe constructed off Lyne Parkagainst which the vessel will bemoored. (The Maritime ServicesBoard of N.S.W.)

Colombo for Containers

Colombo, August 19: - In a bidto make Colombo a transhipmentport for containers bound for EastAfrica, the Arabian Sea and theBay of Bengal, the port commis­sioners have already started on acontainer berth project. It will pro­vide 850 ft. of berthing length andwill be dredged to 40 ft., L.W.O.S.T.

30

The Ceylonese are hoping thatships on the U.K./Australia run, inparticular O.C.L. and A.C.T. ves­sels, will, initially at least, carrysmall numbers of containers forthese destinations and find Colomboa convenient place to off-load them.

Nine acres of land will be madeavailable to the berth, by filling upa portion of the harbour within theinner arm of the south-westernbreakwater, to serve as a marshal­ling and stacking yard for containersawaiting transhipment, export orremoval outside the harbour.

The Queen Elizabeth Quay ware­house l.'{o. 4, when enlarged, willserve at the start as a break-bulkdepot for containers in the importtrade and for packing export con­tainers where necessary.

The terminal will be equippedwith the necessary shore-basedequipment for discharging and load­ing containers and for movementson shore in the break-bulk depot.Door-to-door containers will be han-

dIed from ship on to road trailersalongside and also on to railwayflats. The existing railway will beextended by the Government.

The Ceylon Government Railwayhas flat cars for carrying the normalI.S.O. standard containers of 20 ft.by 8 ft. by 6 ft.

The terminal's commercial poten­tial has been assessed, mainly, onthe basis that Colombo, strategicallyplaced as it is, would inevitably be­come the entrepot for containers intransit for the Bay of Bengal, Ara­bian Sea, Persian Gulf and EastAfrican ports.

Container-carrying vessels on theEuropean / Australian / Far Easternrun will necessarily find Colombothe most economical intermediateport to drop containers consignedto these ports and to collect loadedcontainers or empties on their run.It is assumed that feeder serviceswill operate between Colombo andthese ports.

Although the two British consortia

PORTS and HARBORS

Asia-Oceania

312,000 DWT Tanker "Universe Ireland"

"Universe Ireland", 312,000 dwt tanker, largest in the world, built by IHI (Ishi­kawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd., Japan), is seen clipping the oceanfully loaded. Her anatomical figures are: Length o.a. 346 m, Breadth mId. 53.3 m,Depth mId. 32.0 m, Draft mId. 24.1 m, Gross tonnage abt. 148,810 tons, Mainengine (Steam turbines) 37,400 hp, Speed 14.6 knots, Cargo hold capacity abt.399,600 m3

, Complement 51. (IHI)

-Overseas Containers, Ltd., and As­sociated Container Transportation­formed in the U.K. to put containercellular vessels on the U.K./Con­tinent/Australia run, have assumedfull shipments of containerised cargoto and from the U.K./Continentand the terminal ports in Australia,Ceylon presumes that these shipsmay not have an absolutely fullcomplement of containers in the be­ginning and that, as a consequence,they would be able to carry casualcontainers to the Bay of Bengal,Arabian Sea, Gulf and East Africanports; also, that containers for theseports could come on conventionalliners on the route and that itwould be uneconomic for fast shipson the direct line to divert morethan a few hundred miles.

It is considered prudent thatColombo should limit itself to atranshipment trade in containersbut, should the trade not materialise,the facilities could be converted tohandling the normal traffic of theport.

If, on the other hand, Ceylon is

SEPTEMBER 1968

accepted as a terminal by combinessupplying container vessels, Colombowould provide the extra necessaryfacilities of more container berthsand a larger back-up area in theproposed second stage of the tech­nical development of the port.

Depending on the expansion ofcontainer traffic, the prospect is en­visaged not merely of extendingfacilities in Colombo port but alsoproviding similar facilities in theport of Trincomali where it couldbe combined with the establishmentof the proposed free trade zone.(Lloyd's List)

New Taiwan Port

San Francisco, Calif.: - Taiwan'sgovernment has announced plans todevelop a $100 million port in thearea of Taichung, about 100 milessouthwest of Keelung.

A third major port facility isneeded, Taiwan said, because in­creased trade has resulted in fre­quent congestion at Keelung andKaohsiung. (Pacific Shipper)

World's Largest Tankers

Tokyo:-The first two of a totalsix 312,000-dw/t tankers-largest inthe world - on order from BantryTransportation Co. of Bermuda, anaffiliate of National Bulk CarriersInc. (NBC) of the United States,will be completed in christeningceremonies to be observed on Aug.15 and Aug. 30, respectively, ac­cording to their builders.

The builder of the one to bechristened the Universe Ireland onAug. 15 is Ishikawajima-HarimaHeavy Industries (IHI).

The other to be christened theUniverse Kuwait on Aug. 30 hastaken shape at the Nagasaki Yardof Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.

Both builders landed orders forthree each in September 1966.

According to IHI, Prime Ministerand Mrs. John H. Lynch of Irelandwill be guests of honor at the Uni­verse Ireland's christening ceremonyto be held at its Yokohama No.2Works.

IHI laid the keel for this behe-

31

Asia-Oceania

Containership Race

Air Mail Delivery Chargefor "Ports and Habors"

(per year)

Area I: Asia (excluding NearEast), Australia New Zea­land.

Area 2: Canada, U.S.A., CentralAmerica, Hawaii, West In­dies.

Area 3: Europe, Africa, SouthAmerica, Near East.

For getting airmail deliveries, paythe above sum directly to:

Head Office, International Asso­ciation of Ports and Harbors,Kotohira-Kaikan Bldg., I Koto­hira-cho, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105,Japan

Tokyo: - Six new Japanese con­tainer ships are scheduled to be com­missioned on the Japan-NorthAmerica liner shipping route be­tween now and November openinga new age of container competition.

The first of the six ships, the15,800-ton Hakone Maru of NipponYusen Kaisha, is capable of carrying752 containers of the internationalstandard size (8 by 8 by 20 feet).I t is scheduled to start a regularTokyo-Los Angeles run on Aug. 28,covering the distance across the

Karachi:-All over Pakistan thecelebrations of Decade of Reformsare in progress. The celebrationaims to highlight the achievementsmade in various sectors of nationallife during the past ten years underthe dynamic leadership of PresidentMohammad Ayub Khan. Thetheme of these celebrations is to in­form the public of the problemswhich the country was facing tenyears ago and the efforts that havebeen made to solve them and to

conduct a preliminary survey tofacilitate safe navigation throughthe strait.

The council is participated bythe Japanese Shipowners' Associa­tion, the Shipbuilders' Associationof Japan, the Petroleum Associationof Japan and four other organiza­tions.

The council will conduct a surveyon the depths, currents, and seabeds of the strait for two monthsstarting from September at a costof ¥100 million.

Of the ¥100 million the Trans­port Ministry is expected to sub­sidize ¥27 million.

The Transport Ministry, uponcompletion of the preliminary sur­vey, will consult the Governmentsof Indonesia, Malaysia, Singaporeand Britain with the view to con­ducting a full-scale survey designedto improve the water way, which istoo shallow to let large vessels passsafely. (Japan Times)

Back from Europe

Chittagong: - Commodore Mo­hammad Asif Alavi, S. K., P. N.,Chairman, Chittagong Port Trust,returned on 6-6-1968 after attendingthe Fourth International Seminaron Ports Management sponsored byNUFFIC, Netherlands and was re­ceived at Patenga Airport by theHeads of Departments, other officersand staff of the Port Trust, and alarge number of his friends and rela­tives.

During his tour he visited Hol­land, the United Kingdom, WestGermany and Turkey. He also per­formed Umrah on his way back.(Chittagong Port Trust Port Bul­letin)

Decade Celebration

Pacific in eight and a half days.The 15,800-ton Haruna Maru of

the same capacity, jointly ownedand operated by NYK and ShowaShipping Co., will start plying be­tween Japan and North Americanon Sept. 15.

During October, the 14,000-tonAmerica Maru of Mitsui-aSK Linesof Osaka, with a 709-container ca­pacity, the 12,900-ton Golden GateBridge of Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha('K' Line of Kobe), with a capacityof 712 containers, and the 15,000­ton Kashu Maru of Yamashita Shin­nihon Steamship Co., capable ofcarrying 728 containers, will be com­missioned.

In November, the sixth ship, the15,400-ton Japan Ace of Japan Lineof Tokyo, with a 730-container ca­pacity, is expected to be commis­sioned on the route.

Pacific container shipping runswas started by Matson NavigationCo., a well-known San Francisco­based shipping firm, in Septemberlast year.

Matson has since been operatingtwo container carriers, each hauling300 containers aboard, between J a­pan and the Pacific coast of NorthAmerica with steadily increasingcargo volumes.

From November, Sea-Land Serv­ice, Inc., of the U.S., the world'slargest container shipping service,will enter the race by schedulingfour sailings a month on the route.

The annually-expanding interna­tional marine cargo market is esti­mated to have involved a total oftwo million tons of cargo carried byJapanese or foreign ships duringlast year. Of the total, 12 to 13per centis believed to have beencontainerized.

The ministry foresees an increas­ingly fierce international competi­tion on the important shippingroute, with the Japanese shippingindustry facing up to the mountingforeign challenge despite the tre­mendous cost of building, new, effi­cient container ships. (Japan Times)

Malacca Strait Council

Tokyo: - Shipping, shipbuildingand petroleum industries here joint­ly inaugurated the Strait of MalaccaCouncil July 29 and decided to

Area 3

(in US$)

Area 2

7.80 10.20 12.0013.80 18.00 22.2020.40 24.00 94.2027.00 35.40 43.8033.60 44.40 55.2039.60 52.80 66.00

Area I

I23456

No. ofCopies

moth on Oct. 7, 1967 and launchedher in March 1968.

The ship will be delivered to theowner on Aug. 24, and operated un­der a long-term charter with GulfOil Corporation of the UnitedStates to haul Kuwait oil to Ireland'sBantry Bay via the Cape of GoodHope.

Meanwhile, Mitsubishi's UniverseKuwait was constructed accordingto an almost identical schedule.

The ship will also ply the Ireland­Kuwait tanker route along with theUniverse Ireland upon completion.(Shipping and Trade News)

32 PORTS and HARBORS

Europe-Africa

Container Traffic Dover, England, Aug. 1: - Brit­ain's giant new cross-channel hover­craft service was inaugurated July31 as the Princess Margaret, withits royal namesake aboard, skimmedthe waves between England andFrance.

The air-cushion vehicle previouslyknown as the Mount.batten classSRN4, was named after Queen Eli­zabeth II's younger sister in a cere­mony at the Dover hoverport.

The Princess and her husband,Lord Snowdon, boarded the craftwith invited guests for the 35-minuteskim to Boulogne. A luncheon washeld at Le Touquet, France, whereBritish and French officials ex­changed gifts.

The party then returned to Dover.The Princess Margaret, owned by

British Railways, will carry 30 carsand 254 passengers on each trip ofthe commercial service beginningAugust 1. The hovercraft cuts 55minutes off the present channel ferryservice from Dover to Boulogne.

A British rail spokesman, said ithopes to carry 360 cars and 3,000passengers a day by hovercraft.(Shipping and Trade News)

Hovercraft Service

Record Timber DischargeLiverpool, June 20:-The Mersey

Docks and Harbour Board reportthat a record rate of packagedtimber discharge is being achievedat their specialised berth at theNorth side of Canada Branch DockNo.3. 36,000 tons of the commodityhave passed over the berth in six­teen working days and on the 4thJune, 1,211 standards were put outin ten hours. Since Sunday, 2ndJune, three ships have used theberth. The first, the "ChennaiOokkam", which carried the largesttimber cargo ever to arrive in thiscountry, discharged almost 13,000tons of timber and plywood andcompleted work on the 6th June.

This ship was followed by the"Eva Brodin", whose cargo consistedof almost 9,000 tons of packagedtimber and which commenced dis­charge on the 7th June and com­pleted early on the 12th June.

The "Eva Brodin" was followedimmediately by the "Captain De-

TotalCont. Tons4,612 17,1426,256 51,3298,228 96,652

TotalContainers Cargo

(T)10,709 65,03311,618 91,02515,165 150,516

Russian Oil

two ports.

The highlight of the Port andShipping celebration programmewill be a Ports and Shipping weekfrom September, 4th to 10th whenan exhibition will be held at Karachiin which the three ports of Pakistan,Shipping concerns, Customs, Rail­ways, Shipyards, Stevedores andother concerned with the ports andshipping would participate. Theparticipants will show the develop­ment and reforms in their concernssince 1958, by means of maps, chartsand graphs, photographs, models,appliances and equipments, etc.(K.P.T. News Bulletin)

(Antwerp Port News)

Antwerp: - Mr. K. Chveckkov,director of the Belgian-Russianjoint venture NAFTA stated in aninterview with Tass press agencythat exports of Russian oil to Bel­gium will amount to some 700,000tons in 1968 as compared with 250,­000 tons during previous years.

During the first five months ofthis year 320,000 tons of petroleumderivates were shipped to Antwerp.Mr. Chveckkov reported that thepurpose of NAFTA is first to supplythe Belgian market and later alsothe neighbouring countries. Thecompany plans the set up of refin­ing installations in Antwerp. (An­twerp Port News)

The rapid expansion of the container traffic continued during the firstquarter of 1968. As shown in the table below the total number of containersshipped via Antwerp during the first quarter amounted to 15,165 as comparedwith 11,618 in 1967 and 10,709 in 1966. The traffic to and from the UnitedStates and Canada accounts for over 64% of the total.

Total trafficUnloaded Loaded

Containers Cargo Containers Cargo(T) (T)

7,265 43,903 3,444 21,1307,738 58,298 3,880 32,7278,678 82,295 6,497 68,221

Traffic with North AmericaUnloaded Loaded

Cont. Tons Cont. Tons3,573 13,105 1,039 4,0374,345 32,849 1,911 18,4805,041 54,492 3,187 42,160

1. Quarter '661. Quarter '67I. Quarter '68

I. Quarter '66I. Quarter '671. Quarter '68

present a graphic resume of thework done with special emphasis onhow the common men have bene­fited with the development. All theGovernment departments, Autono­mous and semi-autonomous organi­zations, Social and Cultural associa­tions, Schools and Colleges, etc., areparticipating in the celebration ina grand manner. The celebrationshave already started in the varioussectors and are moving towards thespecial weeks earmarked for the cul­mination of the programme of eachsector.

K.P.T. is also participating in thecelebration in a benefitting manner.A coordinated programme for thecelebration in the sphere of Portsand Shipping has been formulatedin a meeting held at the DirectorateGeneral of Ports and Shipping on28th February. The meeting waspresided over by Commodore S. B.Salimi, Director General of Portsand Shipping and attended byofficers of the Ports and Shipping,representatives of Karachi PortTrust, Chittagong Port Trust, Chal­na Anchorage Authority, NationalShipping Corporation and Ship­owners of Pakistan. Sub-committeeshave been formed at Karachi andChittagong ports as well as a cen­tral committee at the DirectorateGeneral of Ports and Shipping tocoordinate the efforts among portsand shipping and to make arrange­ments for the celebrations at the

SEPTEMBER 1968 33

Europe-Africa

mosthenes" which arrived on thesame afternoon and has now com­pleted the discharge of a total ot11,250 tons of packaged timber and2,750 tons of plywood.

It is significant that these largetimber carriers have followed eachother at the berth without causingany congestion on the quay. NorthCanada No. 3 Branch Dock is easilycapable of handling large quantitiesof the commodity continuously. ~

rate of 55.4 tons per gang hourachieved in working the "EvaBrodin" is the highest net averageattained so far at this berth sincepackaged timber operations com­menced in August, 1966. (MerseyDocks and Harbour Board)

Port NationalisationLondon, July 19: - The Cabinet

has approved a plan to nationaliseabout 40 of the nation's larger ports,leaving the remainder in privatehands. "Mr. Richard Marsh, Minis­ter of Transport, is believed to havesecured Cabinet approval for hismodified scheme which would takethe major ports into public owner­ship but omit the smaller ones-likeShoreham, Felixstowe, Ipswich &c.,"says "The Port" newspaper. "AGovernment white paper is expectedto be published shortly announcingthis."

"Under the Marsh plan ports likeLondon, Liverpool, Glasgow, Bristoland Manchester would be broughtunder the control of a NationalPorts Authority along with existingpublicly-owned ports, like Hull andSouthampton," says "The Port."

"Of the nation's 70 ports, about40 would be nationalised but theremainder left in the hands of pri­vate companies. The original La­bour Party plan for the docks wasto nationalise the entire industry.

"But the nationalised ports would,under the Marsh plan, handle thebulk of the country's trade-about90 per cent. of all dry cargo trafficpasses through them at present.

"One of the problems about split­ting the industry into a public andprivate sector would be the docklabour force.

"To have them divided couldcreate difficulties. So the Govern­ment are considering bringing the

34

entire dock labour force under asingle labour authority - similar tothe Dock Labour Board.

"Private employers would be ableto employ dockers along similar linesto the present decasualisation systemprovided they adhered to minimumstandards of pay and conditions.

"The most likely date for take­over would be January, 1970."(Lloyd's List)

Hydraulics Research

London: - Experiments carriedout upon two hydraulic models anddescribed in the 1967 Annual Re­port of the British Transport DocksBoard's Research Station at South­all, Middlesex, resulted in consider­able reductions in construction costsat the £17 million Port Talbot TidalHarbour. This was revealed todayby Mr. W. H. Jackson, the DocksBoard's Director of Research.

Wave tests carried out on a scalemodel cross section of the harbour'smain breakwater showed that itwould withstand the worst stormconditions with armour stones ofonly 6 to 8 tons weight, the originaldesign having called for a more ex­pensive 15 ton armouring.

"It is not easy to quantify thefinancial savings from this discoveryowing to the complexities of theoperation," Mr. Jackson said, "butI would estimate that they wouldcover the annual costs of the Re­search Station several times over."

The second model involved in thePort Talbot experiments is anotherwave model, to a scale of 1:180,this time of the complete harbouras it will be when operational for100,000 ton ore carriers in 1969.The purpose of this was to recordresidual wave heights at the unload­ing jetty within the harbour as per­centages of the waves being generat­ed against the breakwaters and en­trance.

"Both wave heights and the dis­tance between wave crests dependon the stretch of water over whichthe wind is able to generate them,"Mr. Jackson went on. "In the caseof Port Talbot, on a bearing of 240 0

there is no land between the har­bour and the Caribbean and long,high waves generated in the Atlanticwill bear down on the harbour."

At the Research Station a wavegenerator throws waves correctlyscaled to represent real life 18 ft.­high waves at the model harbour.With the final harbour design, itwas found that waves of only aquarter of the height of the wavesat sea reached the ship berthed atthe unloading jetty. This is regardedas a highly satisfactory result.

A considerable amount of fieldwork has also been carried out.Studies of the quantities of silt insuspension in the Humber have ledto the discovery that water tempera­ture is an important factor and thatthere is a lower silt concentrationin summer than in winter.

A check of the movement of siltpast a particular point on a neaptide showed that the total weightof silt to pass upstream on the floodwas 330,000 tons, of which only230,000 tons was carried seawardon the ebb tide, giving a nett up­stream drift of 100,000 tons.

Siltation will be one of the sub­jects to be studied on the tidal modelof the Humber estuary being con­structed jointly by the Docks Boardand the Humber Conservancy Boardat Hull. Due for completion in Sep­tember 1968, the model will be 337ft. long and 55 ft. wide at its widestpoint, and will reproduce the estu­ary's tides once every 8 minutes and46 seconds.

Other studies carried out by theResearch Section during 1967 in­volved the proposed Grangemouthentrance lock, the Severn Estuarymodel, a tidal model of the proposedbasin at Uskmouth, and various in­vestigations for other Docks Boardports and for the British WaterwaysBoard.

The Docks Board is the only portauthority in Britain with a perma­nent hydraulics research station andits expenditure on research in 1967was £51,196 compared with £43,­285 in 1966 and only £30,000 theprevious year. (British TransportDocks Board)

The Late Mr. HendrupCopenhagen, August 13:-After a

long period of illness Mr. Aa. Hen­drup, General Manager of the Portof Copenhagen, passed away onJune 2nd 1968. It was a severe andalso a personal loss to all who knew

PORTS and HARBORS

Europe-Africa

mjs "Kate N.L." at Ruoenhim and to all who had any con­nection with the Port of Copen­hagen.

Mr. Hendrup was born on August4th 1904 and became a lawyer in1931. After his degree he was at­tached to the Ministry of PublicWorks. In 1935 he started to workfor the Port of Copenhagen Au­thority, was appointed AssistingGeneral Manager in 1945 and Gen­eral Manager in 1955.

To describe Mr. Hendrup'sachievements during his term ofoffice is the same as describing thehistory of the Port of Copenhagenduring the last 13 years.

Mr. Hendrup was a man of co­operation. He certainly maintainedthe port's point of views with greatvigour and precision, but he wasalways aware of the justification ofother point of views, and this wasthe foundation of the excellent co­operation he had in all directions,last but not least to the City ofCopenhagen. His co-operation alsoreached far beyond the Danishborders, and he was on friendlyterms with a number of his foreigncolleagues. Mr. Hendrup's calling,however, was the Port of Copen­hagen and many new constructionsand modernizations have been madeduring his management.

During the last few years about28 routes have been established forthe roll-onl roll-off traffic to foreignas well as domestic ports, and in or­der to meet the urgent demand foradequate facilities for this specialkind of traffic, which has great im­portance for the Port of Copen­hagen, new piers with large back­areas have been constructed. ButMr. Hendrup will now never liveto see the coming container-terminal,which is well under way and whichwas so much in his thoughts duringthe last couple of years. This com­ing terminal with its 2,000 metresof quay at a water depth of 11metres will be used for containersas well as for conventional cargo.With its sheds, cargo gear and con­tainer crane the total cost of thisproject is expected to amount toabout 150-200 mill. d. kr.

After the war and up till nowthe Port Authority and the Free

SEPTEMBER 1968

Port Company have invested about200 mill. d. kr. in extensions andmodernizations. The Port of Copen­hagen Authority mourn the loss ofMr. Aa. Hendrup, who has left sucha profound mark on the develop­ment of the port. (Port of Copen­hagen Authority)

Record Grain Loading

Rouen: - The mls "Kate N.L."holds the new record of the maxi­mum tonnage loaded at Rouen with16,800 t of grain for China. Theformer record belonged to mls"Ringvard" with 13,700 t for Chinatoo.

Mis "Kate N.L." (ARASA COM­PANIA NAVIERA, Le Piree) is30,000 tdw, 184 m long and 30'draught. Rouen has already ac­commodated tankers of over 33,000tdw and 200 m long, but only forunloading.

Mis "Kate N.L." has loaded atthe S.C.A.C. sheds and at Elie piersilos (40,000 t capacity). Arrivedon July 1968, Saturday the 20th at3 p.m., she began to be loaded onMonday and she sailed downriveron 30th with a draught of 24'6".

The former draught record be­longs to mls "Irish Rowan" with26'7". The sis "Armelle" came downwith 28'7" by stopping four hoursbetween Rouen and the sea.

Both ships came up for loadinggrain. Rouen is indeed the Frenchleading port for grain exports. (Portof Rouen Authority)

Grain Handlers MergedHamburg: - Effective May 1st,

the firms engaged in handling andstoring grain have joined into the"Pool of Hamburg Cargo HandlingConcerns" . The aim is to offer theport's customers a fast discharge ofdeepsea vessels, expert handling andstorage, but also a rational utiliza­tion of the discharge and storagecapacity available. A central officewill ensure that ships arriving aredirected to an operator ready forunloading, taking customers' specialwishes, of course, into account. Therates for services rendered have beenincorporated into a common tariffwithout any changes in the respec­tive prices. Partner firms are theGetreideheber-Gesellschaft, Hansa­Lagerhaus Stroeh & Co., NeuhofHafengesellschaft, Hamburger Ge­treide-Lagerhaus AG., Silo P. Kruse,Rethe Speicher Erich und RolfMackprang and Schiffahrts- undSpeditionskontor "Elbe". (Ship ViaHamburg)

2 Mud-Carrying BargesLisbon:-Following higher direc­

tives and projects relating to thenaval material re-equipment pro­gramme, and in step with develop­ments in the best equipped ports ofEurope, the Port of Lisbon Authoritybegan in 1967 to install in its mud­carrying barges highly economic andefficient self-propelling groups.

In Rotterdam, Hamburg and Lon­don this same solution was adoptedby port authorities and privatebodies concerned with the rationaloperating of cargo and dredged-

35

Europe-Africa

mud transport. We recently had theopportunity of witnessing there thegreat efficiency of such installations,and of hearing from the responsibleauthorities enthusiastic comments onthem.

In the Rhine, where conditionsare worse than in the T agus asregards not only strength and direc­tion of current but also manoeuver­ing space, self-propelled barges havegiven full satisfaction to their opera­tors.

Until recently, the dredgers em­ployed by the Port of Lisbon Au­thority in depth maintenance opera­tions worked in conjunction withtwo mud-carrying barges and onetug to tow them, the tugs (Serra deMontejunto) and/or (Serra de Pal­mela) being normally used for thispurpose. Since, in view of the largecapital invested and of the con­siderable charges involved, they in­creased dredging costs, their use inoperations of this kind had as aresult that many services requestedof the Port of Lisbon Authoritywent unfulfilled.

The crew of a tug like the onesmentioned above includes, besides askipper and a mate, two engineers,an assistant, three common seamenand a ship's boy, totalling nine per­sons.

H we take into account, besidessalaries, such costs as fuel, lubricat­ing oil, all the material required fornormal work on board and, aboveall, the amortisation costs of the unitand occasional repairs, it will berealized that a self-propelled bargerepresents a considerable economyin dredging operations; yet anotheradvantage is that tugs are therebyreleased for other services.

Even when not self-propelled,barges require one common seamanfor manoeuvering and another manon deck; if self-propelled, they willrequire just one additional man formanoeuvers, with the grade of skip­per of medium qualification.

In various countries, independentpropelling groups have been recentlyinstalled also in chears and floatingderricks, with splendid results; thissolution is of particular interest tothe Port of Lisbon Authority sincethe 100-ton shears hulk (A. A.Aguiar) and the 60-ton floating der-

36

rick (Eng. 0 Manuel de Espregueira)need likewise a tug to tow themfrom place to place. For this pur­pose, the tugs normally employedare the (Serra de Portalegre) or the(Serra da Arrabida). These latter,which were very costly and whichinvolve considerable operation andmaintenance expenses, substantiallyaggravate the operation costs ofthose two units.

In Hamburg we had the oppor­tunity of inspecting the (Magnus),a shears hulk of 400 tons' hoistingcapacity, equipped with two inde­pendent propelling groups. TheOperator was enthusiastic as re­gards their use in the movementsand manoeuvering of units of thistype.

The mounting on the (A. A.Aguiar) and on the floating derrick(Eng. o Manuel de Espregueira) ofpropelling groups like those installedin barges nos. 7 and 8 is worthpondering to release the two tugswhich are indispensable to them.The installation of similar groups intwo other barges also deserves con­sideration so that the dredgers areequally able to operate withoutneeding any tugs.

The utilization of these indepen­dent propelling groups offers, in­deed, the greatest advantages:

-the groups can be interchangedwhen the units are docked forrepairs, and it is possible towork out a thorough repair pro­gramme for the groups, sincethey are absolutely identical andmuch easier to mount and dis­mount;

-compared with tugs, mainten­ance, repair and piloting costsare very low;

-only one man is needed to startand pilot the units.

The groups mounted in the Portof Lisbon Authority barges are giv­ing full satisfaction as, even whenthe barges are completely loaded, itproved possible to obtain a speedexceeding that provided for in theSpecification (7 knots); also, theirmanoeuvering possibilities and great­er simplicity, efficiency and profita­bility of operation aroused the en­thusiasm of all those who sponsoredthe idea of introducing this type ofequipment in the Port of Lisbon.

These groups will no doubt reduceoperation costs and place this portamong the most technically advanc­ed ports in the world. (boletim doPorto de Lisboa, July/ August/Sep­tember, 1967)

Suez Oil PipelineCairo:-Egypt has decided to go

ahead with a project for the con­struction of an oil pipeline linkingthe Gulf of Suez with the Mediter­ranean.

The decision to establish the 207­mile pipeline was taken after theBritish consultant firm InternationalManagement and EngineeringGroup (IMEG) submitted a reporton the economic and technical fea­sibility of the £60 million project.

An IMEG spokesman said hereAugust 5 the planned pipeline wouldconsiderably reduce the freightcostsof oil transiting from the PersianGulf to Europe and would also pro­vide Egypt with substantial re­venues.

The proposed line would have a50 million ton annual capacity tobe doubled.

Egypt has lost about £90 milliona year as a result of the closure onthe Suez Canal following last year'sMiddle East War. About 200 mil­lion tons of oil was passing annuallythrough the canal which was thecountry's second largest foreign cur­rency earner after cotton.

Roland Shaw, project manager,said construction of the 42-inch linewould present no unusual engineer­ing difficulties, though it will passthrough rocky hills near Suez andcross the River Nile.

The line will run from just southof Suez - recently shelled by theIsraelis - to a point just west ofAlexandria, crossing the Nile justsouth of Cairo.

I t was understood the line wouldnot come nearer than 40 miles tothe canal, ceasefire line since theArab-Israeli war in June last year.

Shaw said the increasing use ofsupertankers, the biggest of whichcannot transit the canal, had pro­vided the spur to the project.

But closure of the canal, where15 ships still lie trapped, is believedto have speeded up the EgyptianGovernmenl's decision to go aheadwill the project. (Japan Times)

PORTS and HARBORS

Conference Report (in English)

A Complete Report Book of the 5th Conference

(All members are entitled to receive one copy each free of charge.)

295 pages, dimensions 212 X 288 X 15 mm, with paper cover, 12 pages of photos

on art paper, 7 pages of diagrams and photos, 850 grams net, 900 grams packaged.

EXTRA COPIES AVAILABLE at $5 a copy plus postage (See below).

Part One

Part Two

Part Three

Lists of Participants, Conference Officers, etc.

Minutes of Conference Sessions

Record of Panel Discussion on Container Problems

Papers

1. The Role of the Government in Port Development by Dr. H. Sato2. Problems in the Development of Ports in the ECAFE Countries by Mr. S. Aldewereld3. Impact on Port Development of Modern Trends in Ship Design by Ir. F. Posthuma4. The Function of Public Relations in Port Development by Mr. H.C. Brockel5. Development of Ports and the Role of the World Trade Center by the Hon. T.H. Boggs6. The Future of Tankers by Comm. E.H.W. Platt

la-Minute Speeches (by 19 Port Experts)

1. Local Harbor Commissions for Harbor Administra­tion (by Mr. W. J Manning)

2. A Brief Report on Ports of Taiwan(by Mr. Y. C. Wang)

3. Program of the Port Development of Peru(by Mr. V. M. Kalafatovich)

4. The Impact of some I. M. C. O. Proposals on PortEconomy (by Mr. Robert L. M. Vleugels)

5. Ever Increasing Use of Specialization in HarborExploitation (by Mr. F. Marques da Silva)

6. Managing A Group of Ports (by Mr. S. A. Finnis)

7. On Relationship between Port Management and In·Port Transport Companies at Kobe(by Mr. Kozo Yomota)

8. Management and Supervisory Training in the PortIndustry (by Mr. J. Morris Gifford)

9. New Regulation of Dock-workers in the ArgentineRepublic (by Mr. Jorge L. Frias)

10. Port Labor Problems (by Mr. Reginald C. F. Savory)

11. Container Research and Planning for TranspacificServices (by Mr. J. Eldon Opheim)

12. The Importance of Consolidated Cargo to a Univer­sal Port-and Vice Versa-as shown by Hamburgas an example (by Mr. Harm Westendorf)

13. Containerization (by Mr. Yasuyuki Mizuno)

14. Port Development and Containerization(by Sir Clifford Dove)

15. The Impact of Containerization on the WorId's Ports(by Mr. John T. McCullough)

16. Port Labor and Ship Turn-round(by Mr. Guy L. Beckett)

17. Cargo Handling by the Rolling Method-Unit Load­ing at Whangarei, New Zealand(by Mr. R. K. Trimmer)

18. Facilities for International Organization Co-copera­tion in Ports and Harbors-Statement by theUnited Nations (by Mr. Le Bourgeois)

19. The Port of Colombo and Its Role Among the Portsof the East (by Mr. A. W A. Abeyagoonasekera)

Part Four Financial Report

Membership List (as of October 15, 1967)

Postage per copy

Area Seamail Airmail

Asia, Australia, New Zealand, etc. US$0.55 US$3.70

Canada, U.S.A. Central America, Hawaii,US$0.55 US$4.92

West Indies

Europe, Africa, South America, Near East US$0.55 U5$6.14

Order with payment (by mail transfer) to

Head Office

International Association of Ports and HarborsKotohira-Kaikan Bldg., 1, Kotohira-cho,

Minato-ku, Tokyo 105, Japan

When you travel to Australia

for the 1969 Melbourne Conference IAPH~

it~s nice to go with SOllleone who knows.

Qantas knows. All about Australia. Where in the most

savage terrain on earth you'll find the most civilized accommoda­

tions. Qantas knows. Because Qantas flies from Tokyo to Australia via Hong

Kong and Manila 3 times every week. And there's a Qantas Japanese

representative in Sydney to assist you on tour details.

Contact your Travel Agent or Qantas for details.

AUSTRALIA'S ROUND-WORLD AIRLINE

THE PEOPLE WHO KNOW THE PACIFIC

QANTAS, with AIR INDIA and BOAC 8Q51/PG/98J-SP