Risk Control - RISCAuthority
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Transcript of Risk Control - RISCAuthority
administered by
Risk ControlFire safety at recycling centres
RC54First published 2011 Version 01
2 3
IMPORTANT NOTICE
This document has been developed through the RISCAuthority andpublished by the Fire Protection Association (FPA). RISCAuthoritymembership comprises a group of UK insurers that actively supporta number of expert working groups developing and promulgatingbest practice for the protection of people, property, business and theenvironmentfromlossduetofireandotherrisks.Thetechnicalexpertisefor this document has been provided by the Technical Directorate oftheFPA, external consultants, andexperts from the insurance industrywhotogetherformthevariousRISCAuthorityWorkingGroups.Althoughproducedwithinsurerinputitdoesnot(andisnotintendedto)representapan-insurerperspective.Individualinsurancecompanieswillhavetheirown requirements which may be different from or not reflected in thecontentofthisdocument.
The FPA has made extensive efforts to check the accuracy of theinformationandadvicecontained in thisdocumentand it isbelievedtobeaccurateatthetimeofprinting.However,theFPAmakesnoguarantee,representation or warranty (express or implied) as to the accuracy orcompleteness of any information or advice contained in this document.Alladviceandrecommendationsarepresentedingoodfaithonthebasisofinformation,knowledgeandtechnologyasatthedateofpublicationofthisdocument.
Withoutprejudice to thegeneralityof the foregoing, theFPAmakesnoguarantee, representation or warranty (express or implied) that thisdocumentconsidersallsystems,equipmentandproceduresorstate-of-the-arttechnologiescurrentatthedateofthisdocument.
Use of, or reliance upon, this document, or any part of its content, isvoluntary and is at the user’s own risk. Anyone considering using orimplementinganyrecommendationoradvicewithinthisdocumentshouldrelyonhisorherownpersonal judgementor,asappropriate,seek theadviceofacompetentprofessionalandrelyonthatprofessional’sadvice.Nothinginthisdocumentreplacesorexcludes(norisintendedtoreplaceor exclude), entirely or in part, mandatory and/or legal requirementshowsoever arising (including without prejudice to the generality of theforegoinganysuchrequirementsformaintaininghealthandsafetyintheworkplace).
Except to the extent that it is unlawful to exclude any liability, the FPAaccepts no liability whatsoever for any direct, indirect or consequentiallossordamagearisinginanywayfromthepublicationofthisdocumentoranypartofit,oranyuseof,orrelianceplacedon,thecontentofthisdocumentoranypartofit.
CONTENTS
Scope 3
Synopsis 3
Definitions 3
Introduction 3
Recommendations 3
1.Generalconsiderations 3
2.Firesafetymanagement 4
3.Fireprotection 6
4.Solidcombustiblematerials 7
5.Non-combustiblematerials 8
6.Biodegradablewaste 8
7. Flammableliquidsandgases 8
8.Motorvehicles 9
9.Tyres 9
10.Electrical,electronicandsimilaritems 10
11.Checklist 12
Pressreportsoffiresatrecyclingcentres 21
References 22
Furtherreading 22
2 3
SCOPE
These recommendations apply to local authority and privately
managed sites where small quantities of a wide spectrum of
waste materials are brought by residents and small business
operatorsforrecycling.Mostsitesareconcernedprimarilywith
sortingandstockpilingtheitemspriortobeingsenttospecialist
processingcentres.Sites towhich thebulkquantitiesofpaper,
tyres, electrical goods and other materials are subsequently
transportedbylocalauthorities,recyclingcompaniesordirectly
from large industrial and commercial organisations for more
vigorousrecoveryorreformingprocessesareoutsidethescope
ofthisdocument.
The advice in these recommendations does not apply to
hazardous waste disposal facilities operated by licensed
contractorsortosewageandwastewatertreatmentplants.
SYNOPSIS
These recommendations outline the principal hazards and the
general fire precautions that should be considered for local
recyclingcentres.Therecommendationsareapplicabletoboth
openairandenclosedsitesandoutlineadviceforthesafestorage
ofawidespectrumofunwantedmaterials.
DEFINITIONS
Ro-ro
Anopenmetalroll-on,roll-offcontainerwithacapacityofupto
40 cubic yards used in conjunction with purpose-built tractor
unitsforheavyroadhaulage.
Igloo
A substantially enclosed container with small holes to allow
materials for recycling to be introduced. Such containers may
be manufactured from metal or plastic and are used in small
recyclingcentresforthecollectionofcolouredglassandcans.
INTRODUCTION
Thegrowingawarenessofenvironmentalmattershas in recent
years resulted in the problems associated with landfill being
appreciated.Whileenvironmentallegislationcallsforthecessation
of co-disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes, even
findingsuitablelandfillsitesformaterialsthatcannotberecycled
isbecominganincreasingproblem.
At the present time over 50% of household waste is routinely
collectedor taken to local recyclingcentres forsorting,storing
and onward transmission to reprocessing plant where the
economiesofscalemakethehandlingofbulkquantitiesofsorted
waste materials financially viable. In future, the proportion of
wastethatisrecycledwillbeevenhigher.
The increasingawarenessof theproblemsofpollutionand the
need toconservevital resourceshasalso led to techniques to
recoverandre-useawiderangeofmaterialsprovidedthatcan
be collected discretely. Recycling facilities are now available in
most areas for receiving waste materials, many of which are
combustible,fromhouseholdsandsmallbusinesses.
Atthemajorityofsites,therearefewpotentialsourcesofignition
andthusfirepreventionshouldbeaimedat:
• identifyingincompatiblematerialsandkeepingthemseparated;
• preventing unauthorised hazardous materials from being
broughttothesite;
• isolating potential hazards, such as gas cylinders, and
handlingthemsafely;
• ensuring that, should a fire occur, it does not spread in an
uncontrolledmanner;
• prohibitingsmokingonsite;and
• protectingagainstdeliberatefireraising.
Localrecyclingcentresdonot,ingeneral,acceptwastefromthe
manufacturingindustryorlargeorganisations.Thesebusinesses
tendtobesubjecttoagrowingvolumeoflegislationconcerning
the recycling of packaging and other waste materials, with
the onus being increasingly put on the shoulders of industry
and commerce for the recovery of the materials in which their
productsaresold.
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. General considerations
1.1 Adequateparkingandturningroomshouldbeprovidedfor
themaximumnumberofvehiclesexpectedtobeonsite.
There should be barriers or other means for controlling
accesstothesiteduringbusyperiods.
1.2 Theexhaustpipesofsitevehiclesshouldbeenclosedto
prevent blown paper and similar materials from lodging
andignitingonthehotexhaustpipe.
1.3 Theservicingandmaintenanceofsitevehiclesshouldbe
undertakenawayfromtherecyclingcentre.
1.4 Topreventslips,tripsandproblemswithliftingheavyitems,
ramped access for vehicles or pedestrians to access
containersispreferabletoalevelsurfacewithsteps.
1.5 Staffshouldbeonhandtoprovideadviceanddirectionon
thedisposalofitemsinthecorrectlocations.
Temporary buildings
1.6 Where temporary buildings are employed, they should
be separated from the waste materials and permanent
buildingstoprovideafirebreak,whichshouldbeasgreat
asreasonablypossible.
1.7 Wherethefirebreakislessthan6m,temporarybuilding(s)
mustbeconstructedwithmaterialsthatdonotsignificantly
contribute to the growth of a fire or the propagation of
smoke and corrosive or toxic fumes. The temporary
buildingshouldbedesignedandconstructedtomeetthe
followingcriteria:
1.7.1 Class 1 surface spread of flame performance in
BS 476-7: Fire tests on building materials and
structures. Method of test to determine the
classification of the surface spread of flame of
products (ref. 1) to all internal wall and ceiling surfaces
andtoexternalsurfacesofwalls.Externalsurfaceofroof
to meet Class AA in BS 476-3: Fire tests on building
materials and structures. Classification and method
of test for external fire exposure to roofs(ref.2);
1.7.2 Walls and roof to achieve 30-minutes’ fire resistance
(integrity and insulation) to BS 476-20: Fire tests on
building materials and structures. Method for
determination of the fire resistance of elements of
4 5
construction (general principles)(ref.3)andBS476-22:
Fire tests on building materials and structures.
Methods for determination of the fire resistance of
non-loadbearing elements of construction(ref.4);roof
tobetestedfrombelow;
1.7.3 Doorsandwindowstoachieve30-minutes’fireresistance
(integrity)toBS476-20(ref.3)andBS476-22(ref.4)and
besecurelyclosedwhentheareaisunoccupied;
1.7.4 Wheretemporarybuilding(s)areverticallystacked,theroof/
floorassembly,andmemberssupportingitshouldachieve
atleast30-minutes’fireresistance(integrity,insulationand
load-bearingcapacity)toBS476-20(ref.3)andBS476-21:
Fire tests on building materials and structures.
Methods for determination of the fire resistance of
loadbearing elements of construction(ref.5)andcomply
withappropriateBuildingRegulationsrequirements.
Alternatively, temporary building(s) should comply with
the test specifications or procedures of an independent,
third-party testing organisation. Examples of minimum
requirementsareLPS1195,Specification for testing of
temporary buildings for use on construction sites(ref.6)
or the test procedure for determining the fire properties
of temporary buildings carried out by Warrington Fire
ResearchCentre.
1.8 Where floors of temporary building(s) are raised above
ground level, the space beneath must be enclosed to
preventaccumulationofrubbish,whilststillallowingunder-
floor ventilation. No combustible materials should be
storedunderanytemporarybuilding(s).
1.9 Heaters for use in temporary buildings must be fixed,
preferablyabovefloorlevel,fittedwithsecurelyfixedmetal
guardsandmaintainedinasoundcondition.
1.10 Carelessly drying clothes causes fires. Coat stands and
dryingracksmustbefirmlypositionedatasafedistance
fromheaters,whichshouldbethermostaticallycontrolled
andhaveenclosedelements.
1.11 All heaters and cooking appliances must be properly
installed and adequate ventilation provided. Where
possible,microwaveovensshouldbeusedtocookorheat
food–otherwise,electricalorgascookersarepreferable
togasringsforcooking.
1.12 Temporary building(s) should not contain more than the
minimumoffurnitureandfittingsofacombustiblenature.
Site layout
1.13 Thesiteshouldbeclearlysigned to indicatefireexitsas
well as the location of the storage areas for the various
materials. Hazard warning signs should be displayed
prominently where required, such as on gas cylinder
cages for identification by the fire and rescue service
on their arrival.Aplanof thesiteshouldbeavailable for
fire service use showing the locations of the various
hazardousmaterials.
1.14 The site should be set out to reflect the nature of the
materials stored and the containers which are used.
At small recycling centres where wheelie bins, igloos
and skips are in use, the separation distances set out
in Table 1 should be observed. Where these cannot be
achieved,adviceshouldbesoughtfrominsurers.
1.15 At larger centres, proprietary bottle banks or igloos are
provided together with similar provisions for other small
recyclable items. For electrical items, enclosed shipping
containersareoftenused,withRo-rocontainersavailable
for general paper, card, household waste, scrap metal,
gardenwaste,timber,hardcoreandsoil.
1.16 Containersshouldnotbeoverfilled.Arrangementsshould
bemadeforthecontainerstobereplacedasnecessary.
1.17 Parkingshouldbeprovidedforstaffawayfromtherecycled
materialsasdeterminedbyariskassessment.
1.18 Wheeliebinsshouldbesecuredinpositionasafedistance
frombuildingsandotherstructurestopreventthemfrom
beingmoved.
1.19 TheseparationdistancesforRo-rocontainersintendedfor
non-combustiblematerials isnotcritical,but thoseused
for combustible materials should be sited at least 10m
frombuildingsandtemporarybuildings.
1.20 Loose combustible materials should be compacted by
suitableplantorbyuseofafrontloaderorsimilarvehicle
toreducethevolumeofthecollectedmaterialandmakeit
hardertoignite.
1.21 To prevent the spread of a fire it is important that there
is good housekeeping with recycling centres being
maintainedwithoutloosepapersandsimilarcombustible
materialsonthegroundorblowinginthewind.
1.22 At the end of each working day, a fire check must be
undertaken with care being taken to look for signs of
smoulderingincombustiblematerials.
1.23 Firesmustnotbelitatwasterecyclingcentres,evenifthey
arecontrolledbytheuseofproprietaryincinerators.
Form of storage
Minimum distance from buildings and
plant (wherever practical)
Minimum distance from
boundary fence(wherever practical)
Enclosedskip 10m 1m
Openskip 10m 2m
Metalwheeliebinwithmetallid
10m 1m
Plasticwheeliebin 10m 2m
Piledcombustiblewaste(includingwastetimber)
10mortwicetheheightofthestack,whichever
isgreater
2m
Table 1: Separation distances for solid combustible materials
2. Fire safety management
2.1 The fire safety management strategy for the site should
considerpracticalpassive,activeandmanagerialcontrol
measures as part of the fire risk assessment for the
premises undertaken in compliance with the Regulatory
Reform(FireSafety)Order2005(orequivalent legislation
inScotlandandNorthernIreland)(refs.7-10).
2.2 Thesemeasuresshouldinclude:
• developmentofanemergencyactionplantoprotectlife
andpropertyandensurethecontinuingfunctioningof
thesiteinthecaseoffire;
4 5
• staff training in theactions to take in theeventoffire,
includingthesafeshutdownofanyprocessesbeing
carried out (such as compacting) and evacuation of
thesite;
• staff awareness of the need for tidiness and good
housekeeping,especiallyinrelationtoloosepaperand
othercombustiblematerials;and
• theestablishmentofafirecheckregimeattheendof
eachworkperiod.
2.3 An assessment in compliance with the Dangerous
SubstancesandExplosiveAtmospheresRegulations2002
(DSEAR)(ref.11)shouldbeundertakenwherehazardous
materials, such as gas cylinders or flammable liquids or
oils,arebroughttothesite.
2.4 Serious consideration should be given to the potential
for deliberate fire setting when the fire risk assessment
isundertaken.Althoughthematerialsstoredonsitemay
havebeendiscardedasrubbish,adeliberatelystartedfire
willstillhaveasignificantimpactontheoperationofthesite
aswellasinconveniencetothelocalcommunity.
2.4.1 Themosteffectivewayofdeterringtrespassers,andhence
alsotopreventmaliciousfireraising,istoensurethatthe
site is secure against unauthorised entry, particularly
outofnormalopeninghours.Allpartsof thesiteshould
thereforebeenclosedbyapermanentpalisadeorwelded
meshfence.
2.4.2 Illumination of the site is an additional deterrent to
unauthorisedaccessandisrecommended.
2.4.3 Allstaffshouldbevigilant forfiresstartedaccidentallyor
deliberatelybyvisitorstothesite.
2.5 Whereanewsiteisbeingselected,studiesshouldbemade
of the local landscape, surfacedrainageandecologyof
thesite.Unlessunavoidable,recyclingcentresshouldnot
be located adjacent to standing crops or large areas of
drygrassland.
2.6 Whendesigning the site, themaximumquantitiesof the
variousmaterialstobestoredonsiteshouldbeidentified
andmeasurestakentoremovethesortedwasteforfurther
processing on a regular basis before these limits are
exceeded.Factorsthatwillaffectthequantitiesofmaterials
tobestoredwillinclude:
• theirvolume;
• theeaseofignition;
• theamountofheatproducedwhentheyburn;
• theamountofsmokeandtoxicgasesproducedwhen
burning;and
• the adequacy of the available water supplies for
firefightingpurposes.
Business continuity
2.7 Even a small fire can have a disproportionate effect on
a business and, in the case of a recycling centre, can
have a significant impact on the local community. It is
therefore important that all organisations responsible for
recyclingcentrestakestepstomakeasuitableemergency
plan. Guidance to assist in this is set out in Business
resilience: A guide to protecting your business and
its people (ref.12).Theemergencyplanshouldaddress
theimplicationsofafire,floodorotherperceiveddisaster
onallfacetsoftheoperationofthesite.Itshouldindicate
the linesof communication that shouldbe followedand
thecontactdetailsforenvironmentalspecialists,providers
of alternative accommodation and suppliers of suitable
vehiclesandplant.
2.8 When complete, the emergency plan should be tested
bymeansofa table topexercise,with the resultsbeing
assessedandamendmentsmadetotheplanasnecessary.
Figure 1: Temporary buildings at a recycling centre
6 7
2.9 Consideration may be given to applying commercially
available computerprograms, suchasRobust software
(Resilient Business Software Toolkit),whichisavailable
free of charge (ref. 13), or other appropriate product, to
developandchecktheadequacyoftheplan.
Hot work
2.10 Apolicyshouldbe inplace toeliminate theneed forhot
workwhereverpossible.
2.11 Anynecessaryhotworkshouldbecarriedoutoffsite.When
thisisnotpracticableandhotworkonsiteisunavoidable
(forexample,torepairdamagedRo-rocontainers)itmust
notbecarriedoutatatimewhenmembersofthepublicor
othervisitorsareonsite.
2.12 Wherethehotworkisbeingcarriedoutinsideabuilding
orinthevicinityofcombustiblewastematerials,itshould
be subject to a hot work permit system as outlined in
RC7:Hot work(ref.14).
2.13 Followingcompletionof thework, theareawhere itwas
undertakenshouldbedampeddown,ifpossible.
2.14 Hotworkshouldnotbeundertakenwithinanhourofstaff
leavingthesite.
Smoking
2.15 Smoking by members of public should be prohibited
onsite.
2.16 A designated area, well away from the stored materials,
should be identified as a smoking area for staff. Further
guidanceonthecontrolofsmokingatworkcanbefound
in RC51: Recommendations regarding smoking at
work (ref.15).
3. Fire protection
3.1 Suitablemeansofraisingthealarmincaseoffireshouldbe
providedandstafftrainedinitsuse.Onopensitesarotary
gongorsimilarmanuallyoperateddevicemaybeallthatis
necessary.Aloudspeakersystemforevacuationofthesite
mayalsobeadvantageous.
3.2 Theinstallationofsuitableautomaticfiredetectionsystems
and intruder alarms in temporary buildings is strongly
encouraged.
3.2.1 Automatic fire detection systems must be installed in
temporary buildings used for cooking or the drying of
clothes.Thenatureoftheinstallationshouldbedetermined
byriskassessmentandshouldcomplywitharecognised
CategoryofsystemassetoutinBS5839-1:Fire detection
and fire alarm systems for buildings. Code of practice
for system design, installation, commissioning and
maintenance (ref. 16). Consideration should be given
to the installation of automatic sprinkler systems and
intruderalarms.
3.3 Adequatewatersuppliesforfirefightingshouldbeavailable
andshouldbetestedperiodically.
3.4 All hydrants on site must be clear of obstruction and
suitablymarked.
3.5 An adequate number of appropriate portable fire
extinguishers, approved and certificated by an
independent, third-party certification body, should
be provided, in accordance with the requirements of
BS 5306-8: Fire extinguishing installations and
equipment on premises. Selection and installation of
portable fire extinguishers. Code of practice (ref. 17)
and be maintained in accordance with BS 5306-3: Fire
extinguishing installations and equipment on premises.
Commissioning and maintenance of portable fire
extinguishers. Code of practice(ref.18).
3.6 Toprotecttheelectricaldistributionpanelsoncompactors
andsimilarequipment,appropriateextinguishers(suchas
thosecontainingcarbondioxide)shouldbeprovidedclose
totheequipmentconcerned.
3.7 All firefightingequipmentwhich isnotdesigned tocome
intouseautomaticallymustbeeasilyaccessible.
3.8 Extinguishers must be located in conspicuous positions.
In theopen they shouldbesituated in redboxes raised
500mmabovegroundlevelwithasign‘FIREPOINT’ata
heightreadilyseenaboveinterveningwastecontainers.
3.9 Personnelmustbesufficientlyinstructedtobeabletouse
theportablefirefightingequipmentprovidedonsite.
3.10 All portable firefighting equipment must be serviced
annually in accordance with BS 5306-3 (ref. 18) by a
qualified person and the maintenance service date
recorded,includingmarkingontheappliances.
3.11 Mechanically-propelled site plant should carry an
appropriatefireextinguisherwherereasonablypracticable.
Enclosed recycling facilities
3.12 Where recycling facilities are enclosed, an adequate
number of suitable escape routes out of the building
shouldbeprovided.Wherenecessary, routesshouldbe
hatchedprominentlyandbekeptclearofobstructionsat
all times. Pedestrian escape routes should be separate
fromvehicleroadways.
3.13 The structure should be protected by an automatic
fire detection and alarm system designed, installed
and maintained in accordance with BS 5839-1 (ref. 16)
by an engineer with accreditation by an independent
UKAS-accredited thirdpartycertificationbodyand toat
leastanL2category installationorasdeterminedbythe
fireriskassessmentinconsultationwiththeinsurer.
3.14 The automatic fire detection and alarm system should
be monitored remotely either at a permanently manned
pointonsiteorbyanoff-sitealarmreceivingcentrewith
accreditation by an independent UKAS-accredited third
partycertificationbodyandoperatinginaccordancewith
BS5979:Remote centres receiving signals from fire
and security systems. Code of practice(ref.19).
3.15 The installation should be periodically serviced and
maintainedbyacompetentengineerwithaccreditationby
anindependentUKAS-accreditedthirdpartycertification
bodyinaccordancewithBS5839-1(ref.16).
3.16 Where new facilities are being planned, and where
indicated by the results of the fire risk assessment for
existing premises, a water sprinkler installation may be
appropriate. Sprinkler systems should be designed,
installed, commissioned and maintained in accordance
with the LPC Sprinkler Rules incorporating BS EN
12845 (ref. 20) by a company with accreditation by
BAFEorother independentUKAS-accreditedthirdparty
6 7
certification body as complying with the requirements
of LPS 1204: Requirements for firms engaged in the
design, installation and commissioning of firefighting
systems(ref.21).Testdatashouldbeprovidedtoindicate
thatthesystemwillbeeffectiveintheeventofafireinthe
worstcircumstancesthatmaybeenvisagedonsite.
3.17 Suppression systems should be tested and maintained
according to the requirements of the relevant British
Standard and/or the installer’s recommendations by a
competentengineerwithaccreditationbyanindependent
UKAS-accredited third party certification body. Suitable
recordsshouldbekept.
3.18 Emergency escape lighting in accordance with
BS 5266-1: Emergency lighting: Code of practice for
the emergency lighting of premises(ref.22)shouldbe
installedthroughoutthebuilding.Allescaperoutesshallbe
adequatelysigned.
4. Solid combustible materials
One of the most common forms of recycled material is
paper.Atpresentthereisnolegislationdirectlycontrolling
paperrecyclingbuttherearetargetsformunicipalwaste
asawhole,ofwhichpaperisapart.
As of the 31 December 2010, the Household Waste
RecyclingAct2003 (ref.23)states thateveryhousehold
(unless it is uneconomic, or alternatives are already in
place)musthaveakerbsidecollectionofatleasttwotypes
ofrecyclablewastetogetherorindividuallyseparatedfrom
the restof thehouseholdwaste.Aspaper isa relatively
easymaterialtocollectandrecyclemostlocalauthorities
have introduced domestic collection schemes for this
product. Nevertheless large volumes of paper and card
arestilltakentorecyclingcentresbysmallbusinessesand
membersofthepublic.
4.1 Paper and cardboard should be collected in Ro-ro or
similarcontainersprovidedspecificallyforthispurpose.No
otherwastematerialsshouldbeallowedtobestoredinthe
samecontainerastocontaminatethepaper.
4.2 The accumulated product should be compacted
periodicallyandbefore removalof the filledcontaineras
there are reports, although not reliably substantiated, of
firesoccurringasaresultoffrictionbetweensheetsofcard
duringtransittoareprocessingplant.
4.3 Where loose paper is to be transported in an open
container, nets or tarpaulins should be used to prevent
loosepaperblowingaway.
4.4 Attemptsshouldnotbemadetofightafireinwastepaper
withahandheldfireextinguisher,assuchfiresspreadwith
greatspeed.
4.5 In no circumstances should anyone climb into a waste
containertofightafireinvolvingwastepaper.
4.6 Where large quantities of waste paper are produced by
industrial or commercial organisations this should be
storedinanenclosedshippingcontainersoastobeout
of sight of passers-by or anyone gaining access to the
premises.Thecontainershouldberemovedandreplaced
whenfull.
4.7 Confidential documents should be shredded, following
which the shredded material is best disposed of by a
specialist contractor rather than being disposed of with
otherwastepaper.
4.8 Measures must be taken to prevent wind-blown debris
fromaccumulatingonsite.
Timber and furniture
Timberisoftencollectedseparatelyfrompaperandcard
for processing into chipboards, fibreboards and similar
Figure 2: Typical ‘Ro-ro’ containers
8 9
products.Insomecaseswastechipboardiscollectedwith
thegeneralhouseholdwasteifitcannotbereprocessed.
4.9 Timber should be collected in a suitable Ro-ro or other
containers rather than being piled on the ground. This
allowsanyfirethatoccurstobecontainedtoalloweffective
firefighting activities as well as preventing uncontrolled
firespread.
4.10 Chipping machines should be separated from buildings
andcontainersofcombustiblematerials (seeTable1)so
astopreventignitionbysparksfromnailsorotherforeign
bodiesintroducedwiththetimber.
Combustible metals
4.11 Bulk quantities of magnesium powder and similar
combustible metal should be classified as hazardous
materialsandnotbeaccepted.
4.12 Alloy car wheels and small components may well find
theirwayontoawasterecyclingsite.Combustiblemetals
pose a serious fire hazard as, once alight, the fire has
to be extinguished by trained firefighters using a dry
powder formulated specifically for this purpose. Due to
theseriousnessof thehazard,once identified, the items
shouldbesegregatedandarrangementsmadetodispose
ofthemsafelyassoonaspossible.
5. Non-combustible materials
Glass
Glass is not a significant fire hazard on recycling sites.
Forsafety,glasstendstobecollectedinenclosedmetal
containersor, in thecaseofsmallsites, inplastic igloos.
Theplasticcontainermaythereforebeagreaterfirehazard
thanthecontents.Astheglassiscontainedthehazardof
thesun’sraysbeingfocussedthroughfragmentsofglass
onto combustible material is minimised and will not be
consideredfurtherhere.
Metal
Metalwillmainlybeencounteredintwoforms:metalcans
andsimilarcontainers,andotherformsofscrap.Unwanted
gascylindersarediscussedinsection7.
Cans, like bottles, are normally collected in enclosed
metalcontainersorigloos.Aluminiumandsteelcansare
collectedtogetherbutaregenerallynotcompacted.
5.1 Careshouldbe taken toavoidcompactingmixedwaste
aluminiumandsteelcontainerstoavoidinitiatingathermite
reactionbetweenaluminiumandrustyiron.
6. Biodegradable waste
Garden waste forms a large volume of the materials
handledat localauthoritysites,especially inthesummer
months. The material can vary from leaves and grass
cuttings to felled trees. The materials are normally
deposited (without thebagsorothercontainers) inopen
metalRo-rocontainerswhichareperiodicallycompacted.
6.1 Grasscuttingsandsimilarmaterialscanselfheatasaresult
ofbacterialactionwhencollectedinbulk.Staffshouldbe
vigilantincaseafireshouldstartinquantitiesofwetgrassy
materialsthatarebroughttothesite.
6.2 When largequantitiesofverydry leavesandtinderhave
accumulated,considerationshouldbegiventowettingthe
materialtomakeitlesseasilyignitable.
6.3 Consideration should be given to testing such materials
foroverheatingatregularintervalswithprobeorrecording
thermometersandthefireandrescueservicecalledifthe
temperaturerisesabove70°C.
7. Flammable liquids and gases
7.1 Whereadangeroussubstance iseitherpresentor liable
tobepresentattheworkplace,asuitableassessmentof
theriskslikelytoariseshouldbeconductedincompliance
Figure 3: ‘Igloos’ for bottles and cans at a small recycling site
8 9
withDSEAR(ref.5)andactiontakentoeliminateorreduce
the hazard. Where an explosive atmosphere may occur,
the workplace must be classified into zones based on
the frequencyanddurationof theexplosiveatmosphere
and the zones checked by a competent person. This is
particularly important where electrical compactors and
similar equipment may be in use. Further advice is set
outinRC57:Storage and use of highly flammable and
flammable liquids in external fixed tanks(ref.24).
Flammable liquids
7.2 Provision should be made for the collection of waste
flammableliquidsinmetaltanksordrums.Mildorstainless
steel are the most suitable materials. Glass and plastic
containersshouldnotbeused.
7.3 Storagetanksshouldbelocatedintheopenairandtheir
ventpipesshouldbefittedwithflamearrestors.Theflame
arrestorsshouldbeinspectedandmaintainedperiodically
withtherecordskept.
7.4 Tanksshouldbe located inbundedareasoronbunded
pallets with provision for the removal of rainwater. The
bundshouldbecleanedperiodicallytopreventthebuild
upofliquidresidues.
7.5 Tanksshouldbedesignedsothatthelevelofliquidwithin
canbedeterminedandtheyshouldbelocatedatleast2m
fromthesiteboundary.
7.6 Metaltanksshouldbebondedandearthedtopreventthe
buildupofstaticelectricity.
7.7 Flammable liquids should be stored away from acids
(such as the sulphuric acid in old car batteries) and
oxidisingagents.
Oils and paints
7.8 Dedicated containers should be provided for waste oil.
Theseshouldbeprotectedbyhavinganintegralbundorbe
placedonbundedpallets.Thebundsofthepalletsshould
haveprovisionfortheremovalofrainwaterandbecleaned
periodicallytopreventthebuildupofliquidresidues.
7.9 Oxygenatedoils(suchascookingoils)shouldbecollected
separately from hydrocarbon oils (such as vehicle oils).
Where large quantities of cooking oil accumulate on a
regularbasis,considerationmaybegiven toutilising the
productfortheproductionofbiodieselfuel.
7.10 Anyturpentineorsimilaroilsshouldbesegregatedandnot
allowedtocontaminatepaper,ragsorsimilarmaterialsas
therewouldthenbeaseriouspossibilityofselfheating.
7.11 Paintsshouldberetainedinthecansorothercontainers
inwhichtheyarebroughttothesite.Theyshouldnotbe
mixedwithotherproducts.
7.12 Water-basedpaintsmustnotbetippedintowatercourses.
Gas cylinders
7.13 A dedicated cage should be provided in which to store
unwanted gas cylinders. Provision should be made to
securelargecylindersinanuprightpositionandprominent
signs should be displayed to warn the fire and rescue
serviceshouldtheybecalledtothesite.
7.14 The gas cylinder cage should be positioned so that no
cylinderiscloserthan2mtotheboundaryofthesite.
7.15 All cylinders should be handled with care and not
bedropped.
7.16 Cylindersshouldbeprotectedfromdirectsunlight.
7.17 For fire safety reasons and to protect the environment,
gas should not be released from cylinders that are part
full. Such cylinders should be retained for collection by
thesupplier.
7.18 If a cylinder is thought to be damaged or leaking, a
reputablesuppliershouldbecontactedwithoutdelay for
adviceortomakethecylindersafe.
7.19 Noattemptshouldbemadebystafftousecylindersthat
arepartfullforfuellingstovesorheatingequipment.
7.20 Noattemptshouldbemadetoreusepressuregaugesand
controlvalvesthathavebeensentfordisposal.
7.21 Storing waste acetylene cylinders should be avoided.
Wherever possible, an appropriate supplier should be
contacted to arrange the removal of each acetylene
cylinderasitisbroughtontosite.Thisappliestoacetylene
cylinderswhethertheyarepartfullorthoughttobe‘empty’.
7.22 Other pressure vessels (such as old carbon dioxide fire
extinguishersandcarbondioxidegascartridges)shouldbe
treatedwithcareandstoredtoawaitcollection,preferably
inacageasforgascylinders.
7.23 There will almost certainly be some partially full aerosol
cansbroughttositewithgeneraldomesticwaste.Forthis
reasonmembersof thepublic shouldbeexcluded from
thesitewhenthematerialintheRo-roorothercontainers
inwhichthedepositedwasteiscompacted.
8. Motor vehicles
Amotor vehicle consistsofmanyelements thatmaybe
recovered and recycled. This is normally undertaken by
specialistvehiclebreakersandwillnotnormallyformpart
oftheworkonarecyclingcentre.
8.1 Unless specialist equipment and facilities are available,
vehicles brought to the recycling centre should be
redirectedtoanauthorisedtreatmentfacilityforendoflife
vehicleswhichwill treatscrapcars tominimisepollution
in accordance with the End of Life Vehicle Regulations
(ref.25)priortorecyclingtherecoveredelements.
Therecyclingprocessallowsharmfulpollutants,suchas
fuelandengineoil,toberemoved,preventingleakageinto
thelocalenvironment.Tyresandplasticcomponentsare
removedforrecycling;infuture,metalcomponentswillbe
treatedsimilarly.
8.2 Componentsofvehiclesbroughttoarecyclingsiteshould
be treated according to the materials from which they
aremanufactured.
9. Tyres
Significant quantities of used tyres are discarded in the
UKeach year fromdomestic, commercial and industrial
vehicles.Tyreshaveahighenergyvalueandtheiruseas
a substitute fuel in some industries, such as in cement
manufacture,isgrowing.
Althoughtyreswilldecomposeoveralongperiodoftime,
theyposearisktotheenvironmentthroughuncontrolled
fires,especiallyifstockpiled.Suchfirescanbeextremely
10 11
difficult to extinguish especially when they occur where
millions of waste tyres are stored. A fire in a tyre stack
produces copious quantities of thick black smoke and
toxicgases.Verylargequantitiesofwaterarenecessaryto
providethedegreeofcoolingrequiredtopreventreignition
andmakethematerialsafe.
9.1 Large numbers of used tyres should not be accepted
on sitebutbedirected toa licensedwastecompany to
managetheirultimatedisposal.
9.2 Modestnumbersofwastetyresmaybecollectedonsite
butshouldbesegregatedfromothermaterialsandstored
in a closed skip or shipping container. The container
shouldbeemptiedorremovedandreplacedwhenfull.
10. Electrical, electronic and similar items
Withdesignsofelectrical andelectronicequipmentnow
incorporatingfewreusableorreplaceableparts,increasing
quantitiesofobsoleteandbrokenequipmentare thrown
away.
The complex mixtures of these materials make waste
electricalandelectronicequipmentdifficulttomanageand
introducevarioushazardsintheeventoffire,thechiefof
whichisthereleaseoftoxicmaterialstotheenvironment.
These materials can include arsenic, bromine, cadmium,
halogenated flame retardants, hydrochlorofluorocarbons
(HCFCs), lead, mercury and polychlorinated
biphenyls(PCBs).
10.1 Fridges and freezers should be stored separately from
other products and white goods to allow the refrigerant
gasestoberecoveredsafelybyaspecialistcontractor.
10.2 For safety, old style televisions and computer monitors
incorporatingglasstubesshouldalsobestoredseparately,
inthiscaseinaclosedshippingcontainerforcollectionby
aspecialistcontractor.
10.3 Dedicated facilities should be provided to allow printer
cartridges to be collected and recycled. (Many charities
and small companies that previously collected and
recycled small printer cartridges no longer undertake
thiswork,asthe introductionofelectronicchips intothe
cartridgesisnowmakingtheprocessuntenable.)
Batteries
It isproposed that future legislationwillmakeproducers
of all types of batteries responsible for treatment and
disposal costs, except in the case of small household
batteries. Even then, when the battery producer has
obligationswith regard to thecollectionand recyclingof
their products, it is anticipated that many batteries will
still find their way to recycling centres as equipment is
scrappedorbecomesobsolete.
Currently batteries fall into two distinct categories with
differenthazards:
• wetcells:leadacidbatteriesofthetypeusedinvehicles.
Inthiscase,theprincipalhazardisthesulphuricacid
spillingorleakingfromthecells;and
Figure 4: Dedicated recycling container for batteries and low energy bulbs
10 11
• dry cells: disposable batteries, including button
batteries,usedindomesticproductsandtoys.Modern
technologyhasresultedinmanyformsofbatterythat
arereadilyavailablecontainingsignificantquantitiesof
heavy metals (including mercury), materials that are
toxicifreleasedtotheenvironmentinafireorallowed
toaccumulateinalandfillsite.
10.4 Containers for lead acid vehicle batteries should be
designedtoensurethesafetyofpeoplevisitingthecentres
and prevent the acidic contents of the batteries from
escapingtocauseinjuryorcontaminatethearea.
10.5 Noattemptshouldbemadetodraintheacidfrombatteries;
thiswillbeundertakeninasafeenvironmentoffsiteatthe
startofthereprocessingprocess.
10.6 Dedicatedfacilitiesshouldbeavailabletocollectallforms
ofdrycellstominimisethenumbergoingtolandfill.
10.7 No form of battery should be subject to incineration. To
do so would release toxic materials to the environment
and,especiallyinthecaseofsomebuttonbatteries,could
resultinanexplosion.
10.8 Metal wool, swarf and similar materials should not be
allowedtocomeintocontactwithwastebatteriesofany
form as shorting may occur with any residual charge
causingfinewiretoheatandigniteanyreadilycombustible
materialsintheimmediatevicinity.
10.9 Particular care should be taken when handling lithium
polymerbatteries thathavecome to theendof their life.
Thisformofbatteryisrecognisablebynothavingasolid
geometric container (such as those with the common
cylindricalorbuttonformats).Thesebatteriescancarrya
powerfulchargeandinsomecircumstancescanheatand
causean intensefire.Whereverpossible lithiumpolymer
batteries should be collected in a closed, fire-resistant
containertocontainanyfirethatmayoccur.
Light bulbs and tubes
Householdbulbscannotberecycledwithotherhousehold
glass waste due to the metal components which are
difficulttoseparatefromtheglassbulb.Fluorescenttubes
can, however, be recycled. These tubes can contain
potentiallyharmfulsubstancessuchashighlytoxicheavy
metals, inparticularmercury, cadmiumand lead. If they
enter thebody, thesesubstancescancausedamage to
the liver, kidneys and the brain. Older fluorescent tubes
alsocontainberyllium,ametalthatalsohasserioushealth-
relatedissuesandcanenterthebodyasaresultofacut
fromabrokenglasstube.
10.10 A dedicated container should be provided for collecting
fluorescenttubes.Anothercontainershouldbeprovidedfor
otherformsofrecyclablelamp,suchasmercurydischarge
lampsandhigh-intensitysodiumdischargelamps.
10.11 Tubesmustnotbebrokenbutretainedwholetoprevent
thereleaseoftoxicmaterials.
Mobile phones and small electrical items
10.12 Wherereuseisnotviableorthemobilephoneisunwanted,
the rechargeable battery should be recycled separately
fromtheremainderoftheitem.
10.13 A designated metal container should be available for
the collection and storage of electrical items, although
in some cases electrical items that are predominantly
metal(suchassomelamps)maybedirectedtothescrap
metalcontainers.
12 13
Ye
sN
oN
/AA
cti
on r
equir
ed
Due d
ate
Sig
n
on c
om
ple
tion
11.1
Gen
eral
co
nsid
erat
ions
(sec
tion
1)
11.1
.1Is
ade
quat
epa
rkin
gan
dtu
rnin
gro
omp
rovi
ded
for
the
max
imum
num
ber
of
vehi
cles
exp
ecte
dto
be
ons
ite?
(1.1
)
11.1
.2A
reth
eex
haus
tpip
eso
fsite
veh
icle
sen
clos
edto
pre
vent
blo
wn
pape
ran
dsi
mila
rm
ater
ials
from
lodg
ing
and
igni
ting
onth
eho
texh
aust
pip
e?(1
.2)
11.1
.3A
reth
ese
rvic
ing
and
mai
nten
ance
ofs
itev
ehic
les
unde
rtak
ena
way
from
the
recy
clin
gce
ntre
?(1
.3)
11.1
.4To
pre
vent
slip
s,tr
ips
and
prob
lem
sw
ithli
fting
hea
vyit
ems,
isr
ampe
dac
cess
pr
ovid
edfo
rve
hicl
eso
rpe
dest
rians
toa
cces
sco
ntai
ners
,rat
her
than
ale
vel
surfa
cew
iths
teps
?(1
.4)
11.1
.5A
res
taff
onh
and
top
rovi
dea
dvic
ean
ddi
rect
ion
onth
edi
spos
alo
fite
ms
inth
eco
rrec
tloc
atio
ns?
(1.5
)
11.1
.6W
here
tem
pora
ryb
uild
ings
are
em
ploy
ed,a
reth
eys
epar
ated
from
the
was
te
mat
eria
lsa
ndp
erm
anen
tbui
ldin
gsto
pro
vide
as
grea
tafi
reb
reak
as
reas
onab
ly
poss
ible
?(1
.6)
11.1
.7W
here
the
fire
brea
kis
less
than
6m
,are
tem
pora
ryb
uild
ing(
s)c
onst
ruct
ed
with
mat
eria
lsth
atd
ono
tsig
nific
antly
con
trib
ute
toth
egr
owth
ofa
fire
or
the
prop
agat
ion
ofs
mok
ean
dco
rros
ive
orto
xic
fum
es?
(1.7
)
11.1
.8W
here
floo
rso
ftem
pora
ryb
uild
ing(
s)a
rer
aise
dab
ove
grou
ndle
vel,
isth
esp
ace
bene
ath
encl
osed
top
reve
nta
ccum
ulat
ion
ofr
ubbi
sh,w
hils
tstil
lallo
win
gun
der-
floor
ven
tilat
ion?
(1.8
)
11.1
.9A
reth
ear
eas
bene
ath
rais
edte
mpo
rary
bui
ldin
gsfr
eeo
fsto
red
com
bust
ible
m
ater
ials
?(1
.8)
11.1
.10
Are
hea
ters
for
use
inte
mpo
rary
bui
ldin
gsfi
xed,
pre
fera
bly
abov
eflo
orle
vel,
fitte
dw
iths
ecur
ely
fixed
met
alg
uard
san
dm
aint
aine
din
as
ound
con
ditio
n?(1
.9)
11.1
.11
Are
coa
tsta
nds
and
dryi
ngr
acks
firm
lyp
ositi
oned
ata
saf
edi
stan
cefr
omh
eate
rs
(whi
cha
reth
erm
osta
tical
lyc
ontr
olle
dan
dha
vee
nclo
sed
elem
ents
)?(1
.10)
11.1
.12
Are
all
heat
ers
and
cook
ing
appl
ianc
esp
rope
rlyin
stal
led
with
ade
quat
eve
ntila
tion
prov
ided
?(1
.11)
11.1
.13
Are
mic
row
ave
oven
sus
edto
hea
tfoo
dw
here
pos
sibl
e?(1
.11)
11.1
.14
Do
tem
pora
ryb
uild
ing(
s)c
onta
inn
om
ore
than
the
min
imum
off
urni
ture
and
fitt
ings
of
ac
ombu
stib
len
atur
e?(1
.12)
11.1
.15
Isth
esi
tec
lear
lys
igne
dto
indi
cate
fire
exi
tsa
sw
ella
sth
elo
catio
nof
the
stor
age
area
sfo
rth
eva
rious
mat
eria
ls?
(1.1
3)
11.
Che
cklis
t
12 13
Yes
No
N/A
Acti
on r
equir
ed
Due d
ate
Sig
n
on c
om
ple
tion
11.1
.16
Isa
pla
nof
the
site
ava
ilabl
efo
rth
efir
ebr
igad
eon
thei
rar
rival
?(1
.13)
11.1
.17
Isth
esi
tes
eto
utto
refle
ctth
ena
ture
oft
hem
ater
ials
sto
red
and
the
cont
aine
rs
that
are
use
d?(1
.14)
11.1
.18
Ats
mal
lrec
yclin
gce
ntre
sw
here
whe
elie
bin
s,ig
loos
and
ski
psa
rein
use
,are
the
sepa
ratio
ndi
stan
ces
seto
utin
Tab
le1
obs
erve
d?(1
.14)
11.1
.19
Atl
arge
rce
ntre
s,a
rep
ropr
ieta
ryb
ottle
ban
kso
rig
loos
pro
vide
dto
geth
erw
ith
sim
ilar
prov
isio
nsfo
rot
her
smal
lrec
ycla
ble
item
s?(1
.15)
11.1
.20
Are
mea
sure
sin
han
dto
ens
ure
that
con
tain
ers
are
noto
verfi
lled?
(1.1
6)
11.1
.21
Isp
arki
ngp
rovi
ded
for
staf
foff
site
aw
ayfr
omth
ere
cycl
edm
ater
ials
?(1
.17)
11.1
.22
Are
whe
elie
bin
sse
cure
din
pos
ition
as
afe
dist
ance
from
bui
ldin
gsa
ndo
ther
st
ruct
ures
top
reve
ntth
emfr
omb
eing
mov
ed?
(1.1
8)
11.1
.23
Are
com
bust
ible
mat
eria
ls,o
ther
than
thos
ein
Ro-
roc
onta
iner
s,s
ited
atle
ast1
0m
from
bui
ldin
gsa
ndte
mpo
rary
bui
ldin
gs?
(1.1
9)
11.1
.24
Are
loos
eco
mbu
stib
lem
ater
ials
com
pact
edb
ysu
itabl
epl
anto
rby
use
ofa
fron
tlo
ader
or
sim
ilar
vehi
cle
tore
duce
the
volu
me
ofth
eco
llect
edm
ater
iala
ndm
ake
itha
rder
toig
nite
?(1
.20)
11.1
.25
Isth
eho
usek
eepi
ngm
aint
aine
dto
ah
igh
stan
dard
with
outl
oose
pap
ers
and
sim
ilar
com
bust
ible
mat
eria
lso
nth
egr
ound
or
blow
ing
inth
ew
ind?
(1.2
1)
11.1
.26
Att
hee
ndo
feac
hw
orki
ngd
ay,i
sa
fire
chec
kca
refu
llyu
nder
take
nto
look
for
sign
sof
sm
ould
erin
gco
mbu
stib
lem
ater
ials
?(1
.22)
11.1
.27
Are
all
fires
pro
hibi
ted
atw
aste
recy
clin
gce
ntre
s?(1
.23)
11.2
Fire
saf
ety
man
agem
ent
(sec
tion
2)
11.2
.1D
oes
the
fire
safe
tym
anag
emen
tstr
ateg
yfo
rth
esi
tec
onsi
der
prac
tical
pas
sive
,ac
tive
and
man
ager
ialc
ontr
olm
easu
res
asp
arto
fthe
fire
ris
kas
sess
men
tfor
the
prem
ises
und
erta
ken
inc
ompl
ianc
ew
ithth
eR
egul
ator
yR
efor
m(F
ireS
afet
y)O
rder
20
05(o
req
uiva
lent
legi
slat
ion
inS
cotla
nda
ndN
orth
ern
Irela
nd)?
(2.1
)
11.2
.2D
oth
ese
mea
sure
sin
clud
eal
loft
hefo
llow
ing:
•de
velo
pmen
tofa
nem
erge
ncy
actio
npl
anto
pro
tect
life
and
pro
pert
yan
den
sure
th
eco
ntin
uing
func
tioni
ngo
fthe
site
inth
eca
seo
ffire
?;•
staf
ftra
inin
gin
the
actio
nsto
take
inth
eev
ento
ffire
,inc
ludi
ngth
esa
fes
hut
dow
nof
any
pro
cess
esb
eing
car
ried
out(
such
as
com
pact
ing)
and
eva
cuat
ion
ofth
esi
te?;
•st
affa
war
enes
sof
the
need
for
tidin
ess
and
good
hou
seke
epin
g,e
spec
ially
in
rela
tion
tolo
ose
pape
ran
dot
her
com
bust
ible
mat
eria
ls?;
and
•th
ees
tabl
ishm
ento
fafi
rec
heck
regi
me
atth
een
dof
eac
hw
ork
perio
d?(2
.2)
14 15
Yes
No
N/A
Acti
on r
equir
ed
Due d
ate
Sig
n
on c
om
ple
tion
11.2
.3H
asa
nas
sess
men
tin
com
plia
nce
with
the
Dan
gero
usS
ubst
ance
san
dE
xplo
sive
A
tmos
pher
esR
egul
atio
ns2
002
(DS
EA
R)b
een
unde
rtak
enw
here
haz
ardo
us
mat
eria
lss
uch
asg
asc
ylin
ders
or
flam
mab
leli
quid
sor
oils
are
bro
ught
toth
esi
te?
(2.3
)
11.2
.4H
ass
erio
usc
onsi
dera
tion
been
giv
ento
the
pote
ntia
lfor
del
iber
ate
fire
sett
ing
whe
nth
efir
eris
kas
sess
men
tis
unde
rtak
en?
(2.4
)
11.2
.5A
rea
llpa
rts
oft
hes
itee
nclo
sed
bya
per
man
ent
palis
ade
orw
elde
dm
etal
fenc
e?
(2.4
.1)
11.2
.6Is
the
site
illu
min
ated
atn
ight
?(2
.4.2
)
11.2
.7A
res
taff
vigi
lant
for
fire
sst
arte
dac
cide
ntal
lyo
rde
liber
atel
yby
vis
itors
to
the
site
?(2
.4.3
)
11.2
.8W
here
an
ews
iteis
bei
ngs
elec
ted,
hav
est
udie
sbe
enm
ade
ofth
elo
cal
land
scap
e,s
urfa
ced
rain
age
and
ecol
ogy
ofth
esi
te?
(2.5
)
11.2
.9W
hen
desi
gnin
gth
esi
te,h
ave
the
max
imum
qua
ntiti
eso
fthe
var
ious
mat
eria
lsto
be
sto
red
ons
iteb
een
iden
tified
and
mea
sure
sta
ken
tore
mov
eth
eso
rted
was
te
for
furt
her
proc
essi
ngo
na
regu
lar
basi
sbe
fore
thes
elim
itsa
ree
xcee
ded?
(2.6
)
11.2
.10
Hav
est
eps
been
take
nto
mak
ea
suita
ble
emer
genc
ypl
an?
(2.7
)
11.2
.11
Follo
win
gco
mpl
etio
n,h
asth
eem
erge
ncy
plan
bee
nte
sted
by
mea
nso
fata
ble
top
exer
cise
,with
the
resu
ltsb
eing
ass
esse
dan
dam
endm
ents
mad
eto
the
plan
as
nec
essa
ry?
(2.8
)
11.2
.12
Has
con
side
ratio
nbe
eng
iven
toa
pply
ing
com
mer
cial
lya
vaila
ble
com
pute
rpr
ogra
ms
tod
evel
opa
ndc
heck
the
adeq
uacy
oft
hep
lan?
(2.9
)
11.2
.13
Isa
pol
icy
inp
lace
toe
limin
ate
the
need
for
hotw
ork
whe
reve
rpo
ssib
le?
(2.1
0)
11.2
.14
Isa
nyn
eces
sary
hot
wor
kca
rrie
dou
toff
site
whe
neve
rpr
actic
able
?(2
.11)
11.2
.15
Whe
reh
otw
ork
ons
iteis
una
void
able
,is
itca
rrie
dou
tata
tim
ew
hen
the
site
is
free
ofm
embe
rso
fthe
pub
lica
ndo
ther
vis
itors
?(2
.11)
11.2
.16
Whe
reth
eho
twor
kis
bei
ngc
arrie
dou
tins
ide
abu
ildin
gor
inth
evi
cini
tyo
fco
mbu
stib
lew
aste
mat
eria
ls,i
sit
subj
ectt
oa
hotw
ork
perm
itsy
stem
as
outli
ned
inR
C7:
Ho
t w
ork
?(2
.12)
11.2
.17
Follo
win
gco
mpl
etio
nof
the
wor
k,is
the
area
whe
reit
was
und
erta
ken
dam
ped
dow
nif
poss
ible
?(2
.13)
11.2
.18
Ish
otw
ork
proh
ibite
dw
ithin
an
hour
ofs
taff
leav
ing
the
site
?(2
.14)
11.2
.19
Iss
mok
ing
bym
embe
rso
fpub
licp
rohi
bite
don
site
?(2
.15)
14 15
Yes
No
N/A
Acti
on r
equir
ed
Due d
ate
Sig
n
on c
om
ple
tion
11.2
.20
Isa
des
igna
ted
area
,wel
law
ayfr
omth
est
ored
mat
eria
ls,i
dent
ified
as
asm
okin
gar
eafo
rst
aff?
(2.1
6)
11.3
Fire
pro
tect
ion
(sec
tion
3)
11.3
.1A
res
uita
ble
mea
nso
frai
sing
the
alar
min
cas
eof
fire
pro
vide
dan
dst
afft
rain
edin
its
use
?(3
.1)
11.3
.2H
asc
onsi
dera
tion
been
giv
ento
the
inst
alla
tion
ofa
utom
atic
spr
inkl
ers
yste
ms
and
intr
uder
ala
rms
inte
mpo
rary
bui
ldin
gsu
sed
for
cook
ing
orth
edr
ying
ofc
loth
es?
(3.2
)
11.3
.3A
rea
utom
atic
fire
det
ectio
nsy
stem
sco
mpl
ying
with
are
cogn
ised
cat
egor
yof
sy
stem
as
seto
utin
BS
583
9-1
inst
alle
din
tem
pora
ryb
uild
ings
use
dfo
rco
okin
gor
the
dryi
ngo
fclo
thes
?(3
.2.1
)
11.3
.4A
rea
dequ
ate
wat
ers
uppl
ies
for
firefi
ghtin
gav
aila
ble
and
test
edp
erio
dica
lly?
(3.3
)
11.3
.5A
rea
llhy
dran
tso
nsi
tec
lear
ofo
bstr
uctio
nan
dsu
itabl
ym
arke
d?(3
.4)
11.3
.6A
rea
nad
equa
ten
umbe
rof
app
ropr
iate
por
tabl
efir
eex
tingu
ishe
rs,a
ppro
ved
and
cert
ifica
ted
bya
nin
depe
nden
t,th
ird-p
arty
cer
tifica
tion
body
,pro
vide
d,in
ac
cord
ance
with
the
requ
irem
ents
ofB
S5
306-
8an
dm
aint
aine
din
acc
orda
nce
with
BS
530
6-3?
(3.5
)
11.3
.7A
rea
ppro
pria
tee
xtin
guis
hers
pro
vide
dto
pro
tect
the
elec
tric
ald
istr
ibut
ion
pane
ls,
com
pact
ors
and
sim
ilar
equi
pmen
t?(3
.6)
11.3
.8Is
all
firefi
ghtin
geq
uipm
entw
hich
isn
otd
esig
ned
toc
ome
into
use
aut
omat
ical
ly
easi
lya
cces
sibl
e?(3
.7)
11.3
.9A
ree
xtin
guis
hers
loca
ted
inc
onsp
icuo
usp
ositi
ons?
(3.8
)
11.3
.10
Are
per
sonn
els
uffic
ient
lyin
stru
cted
tob
eab
leto
use
the
port
able
fire
fight
ing
equi
pmen
tpro
vide
don
site
?(3
.9)
11.3
.11
Isa
llpo
rtab
lefi
refig
htin
geq
uipm
ents
ervi
ced
annu
ally
ina
ccor
danc
ew
ith
BS
530
6-3
bya
qua
lified
per
son
and
the
mai
nten
ance
ser
vice
dat
ere
cord
ed,
incl
udin
gm
arki
ngo
nth
eap
plia
nces
?(3
.10)
11.3
.12
Doe
sm
echa
nica
lly-p
rope
lled
site
pla
ntc
arry
an
appr
opria
tefi
ree
xtin
guis
her
whe
re
reas
onab
lyp
ract
icab
le?
(3.1
1)
11.3
.13
Whe
rere
cycl
ing
faci
litie
sar
een
clos
ed,a
rea
nad
equa
ten
umbe
rof
sui
tabl
ees
cape
ro
utes
out
oft
heb
uild
ing
prov
ided
?(3
.12)
16 17
Yes
No
N/A
Acti
on r
equir
ed
Due d
ate
Sig
n
on c
om
ple
tion
11.3
.14
Isth
est
ruct
ure
prot
ecte
dby
an
auto
mat
icfi
red
etec
tion
and
alar
ms
yste
m
desi
gned
,ins
talle
dan
dm
aint
aine
din
acc
orda
nce
with
BS
583
9-1
bya
nen
gine
er
with
acc
redi
tatio
nby
an
inde
pend
entU
KA
S-a
ccre
dite
dth
irdp
arty
cer
tifica
tion
body
and
toa
tlea
sta
nL2
cat
egor
yin
stal
latio
nor
as
dete
rmin
edb
yth
efir
eris
kas
sess
men
tin
cons
ulta
tion
with
the
insu
rer?
(3.1
3)
11.3
.15
Isth
eau
tom
atic
fire
det
ectio
nan
dal
arm
sys
tem
mon
itore
dre
mot
ely
eith
era
ta
perm
anen
tlym
anne
dpo
into
nsi
teo
rby
an
off-
site
ala
rmre
ceiv
ing
cent
rew
ith
accr
edita
tion
bya
nin
depe
nden
tUK
AS
-acc
redi
ted
third
par
tyc
ertifi
catio
nbo
dy
and
oper
atin
gin
acc
orda
nce
with
BS
597
9?(3
.14)
11.3
.16
Isth
ein
stal
latio
npe
riodi
cally
ser
vice
dan
dm
aint
aine
dby
ac
ompe
tent
eng
inee
rw
itha
ccre
dita
tion
bya
nin
depe
nden
tUK
AS
-acc
redi
ted
third
par
tyc
ertifi
catio
nbo
dyin
acc
orda
nce
with
BS
583
9-1?
(3.1
5)
11.3
.17
Whe
ren
ewfa
cilit
ies
are
bein
gpl
anne
d,a
ndw
here
indi
cate
dby
the
resu
ltso
fthe
fir
eris
kas
sess
men
tfor
exi
stin
gpr
emis
es,h
asc
onsi
dera
tion
been
giv
ento
inst
allin
ga
wat
ers
prin
kler
sys
tem
sde
sign
ed,i
nsta
lled,
com
mis
sion
eda
ndm
aint
aine
din
acc
orda
nce
with
the
LPC
Sp
rink
ler
Rul
es in
corp
ora
ting
BS
EN
128
45b
yen
gine
ers
havi
nga
ccre
dita
tion
bya
nin
depe
nden
tUK
AS
-acc
redi
ted
third
par
ty
cert
ifica
tion
body
?(3
.16)
11.3
.18
Are
sup
pres
sion
sys
tem
ste
sted
and
mai
ntai
ned
acco
rdin
gto
the
requ
irem
ents
of
the
rele
vant
Brit
ish
Sta
ndar
dan
d/or
the
inst
alle
r’sre
com
men
datio
nsb
ya
com
pete
nte
ngin
eer
with
acc
redi
tatio
nby
an
inde
pend
entU
KA
S-a
ccre
dite
dth
ird
part
yce
rtifi
catio
nbo
dy?
(3.1
7)
11.3
.19
Ise
mer
genc
yes
cape
ligh
ting
ina
ccor
danc
ew
ithB
S5
266-
1in
stal
led
thro
ugho
ut
the
build
ing
with
all
esca
pero
utes
bei
nga
dequ
atel
ysi
gned
?(3
.18)
11.4
So
lid c
om
bus
tible
mat
eria
ls (s
ectio
n 4)
11.4
.1Is
pap
era
ndc
ardb
oard
col
lect
edin
Ro-
roo
rsim
ilarc
onta
iner
spr
ovid
eds
peci
fical
ly
for
this
pur
pose
?(4
.1)
11.4
.2Is
the
accu
mul
ated
pro
duct
com
pact
edp
erio
dica
llya
ndb
efor
ere
mov
alo
fthe
fille
dco
ntai
ner?
(4.2
)
11.4
.3W
here
loos
epa
per
ist
obe
tra
nspo
rted
ina
nop
enc
onta
iner
are
net
sor
tar
paul
ins
used
top
reve
ntlo
ose
pape
rbl
owin
gaw
ay?
(4.3
)
11.4
.4A
res
taff
awar
eth
ata
ttem
pts
shou
ldn
otb
em
ade
tofi
ghta
fire
inw
aste
pap
erw
ith
aha
ndh
eld
fire
extin
guis
her
ass
uch
fires
spr
ead
with
gre
ats
peed
?(4
.4)
11.4
.5A
res
taff
awar
eth
atin
no
circ
umst
ance
ssh
ould
any
one
clim
bin
toa
was
te
cont
aine
rto
figh
tafi
rein
volv
ing
was
tep
aper
?(4
.5)
16 17
Yes
No
N/A
Acti
on r
equir
ed
Due d
ate
Sig
n
on c
om
ple
tion
11.4
.6W
here
larg
equ
antit
ies
ofw
aste
pap
era
rep
rodu
ced
byin
dust
rialo
rco
mm
erci
al
orga
nisa
tions
isth
iss
tore
din
an
encl
osed
shi
ppin
gco
ntai
ner
soa
sto
be
outo
fsi
ghto
fpas
sers
-by
ora
nyon
ega
inin
gac
cess
toth
epr
emis
es?
(4.6
)
11.4
.7A
rec
onfid
entia
ldoc
umen
tss
hred
ded,
with
the
shre
dded
mat
eria
lbei
ngd
ispo
sed
ofb
ya
spec
ialis
tcon
trac
tor
rath
erth
anb
eing
dis
pose
dw
itho
ther
was
tep
aper
?(4
.7)
11.4
.8A
rem
easu
res
take
nto
pre
vent
win
d-bl
own
debr
isf
rom
acc
umul
atin
gon
the
site
?(4
.8)
11.4
.9Is
tim
ber
colle
cted
ina
sui
tabl
eR
o-ro
or
othe
rco
ntai
ners
rat
her
than
bei
ngp
iled
on
the
grou
nd?
(4.9
)
11.4
.10
Are
ch
ippi
ng
mac
hine
ssu
itabl
yse
para
ted
from
bu
ildin
gs
and
cont
aine
rs
of
com
bust
ible
mat
eria
l?(4
.10)
11.4
.11
Are
bul
kqu
antit
ies
ofm
agne
sium
pow
der
and
sim
ilar
com
bust
ible
met
alc
lass
ified
as
haz
ardo
usm
ater
ials
and
not
acc
epte
d?(4
.11)
11.4
.12
Due
toth
ese
rious
ness
oft
heh
azar
d,o
nce
iden
tified
,are
allo
yca
rwhe
els
and
sim
ilar
item
sse
greg
ated
and
arr
ange
men
tsm
ade
tod
ispo
seo
fth
ems
afel
yas
soo
nas
po
ssib
le?
(4.1
2)
11.5
No
n-co
mb
ustib
le m
ater
ials
(sec
tion
5)
11.5
.1Is
car
eta
ken
toa
void
com
pact
ing
mix
edw
aste
alu
min
ium
and
ste
elc
onta
iner
sto
av
oid
initi
atin
ga
ther
mite
reac
tion
betw
een
alum
iniu
ma
ndr
usty
iron
?(5
.1)
11.6
Bio
deg
rad
able
was
te (s
ectio
n 6)
11.6
.1G
rass
cut
tings
and
sim
ilar
mat
eria
lsc
ans
elfh
eata
sa
resu
ltof
bac
teria
lact
ion
whe
nco
llect
edin
bul
k.A
res
taff
vigi
lant
inc
ase
afir
esh
ould
sta
rtin
qua
ntiti
eso
fw
etg
rass
ym
ater
ials
that
are
bro
ught
toth
esi
te?
(6.1
)
11.6
.2W
hen
larg
equ
antit
ies
ofv
ery
dry
leav
esa
ndti
nder
hav
eac
cum
ulat
ed,i
sco
nsid
erat
ion
give
nto
wet
ting
the
mat
eria
lto
mak
eit
less
eas
ilyig
nita
ble?
(6.2
)
11.6
.3Is
con
side
ratio
ngi
ven
tote
stin
gbi
odeg
rada
ble
mat
eria
lsfo
rov
erhe
atin
gat
regu
lar
inte
rval
sw
itha
pro
beo
rre
cord
ing
ther
mom
eter
,with
the
fire
and
resc
ues
ervi
ce
bein
gca
lled
ifth
ete
mpe
ratu
rer
ises
abo
ve7
0°C
?(6
.3)
11.7
Fla
mm
able
liq
uid
s an
d g
ases
(sec
tion
7)
18 19
Yes
No
N/A
Acti
on r
equir
ed
Due d
ate
Sig
n
on c
om
ple
tion
11.7
.1W
here
ad
ange
rous
sub
stan
cei
sei
ther
pre
sent
or
liabl
eto
be
pres
ent
att
he
wor
kpla
ce,
has
asu
itabl
eas
sess
men
tof
the
ris
ksli
kely
to
aris
ebe
enc
ondu
cted
in
co
mpl
ianc
ew
ith
the
Dan
gero
us
Sub
stan
ces
and
Exp
losi
ve
Atm
osph
eres
R
egul
atio
ns(D
SE
AR
)200
2?(7
.1)
11.7
.2Is
pro
visi
onm
ade
for
the
colle
ctio
nof
was
tefl
amm
able
liq
uids
in
met
alt
anks
or
dru
ms?
(7.2
)
11.7
.3A
re
stor
age
tank
slo
cate
din
th
eop
en
air
and
thei
rve
nt
pipe
sfit
ted
with
fla
me
arre
stor
s?(7
.3)
11.7
.4A
ret
anks
loc
ated
in
bund
eda
reas
or
onb
unde
dpa
llets
with
pro
visi
onf
ort
he
rem
oval
ofr
ainw
ater
?(7
.4)
11.7
.5A
reta
nks
desi
gned
so
that
the
leve
lofl
iqui
dw
ithin
can
be
dete
rmin
ed?
(7.5
)
11.7
.6A
reta
nks
loca
ted
atle
ast2
mfr
omth
esi
teb
ound
ary?
(7.5
)
11.7
.7A
rem
etal
tank
sbo
nded
and
ear
thed
top
reve
ntth
ebu
ildu
pof
sta
tice
lect
ricity
?(7
.6)
11.7
.8A
refl
amm
able
liqu
ids
stor
eda
way
from
aci
dsa
ndo
xidi
sing
age
nts?
(7.7
)
11.7
.9A
red
edic
ated
con
tain
ers
prov
ided
forw
aste
oil,
thes
ebe
ing
prot
ecte
dby
hav
ing
an
inte
gral
bun
dor
bei
ngp
lace
don
bun
ded
palle
ts?
(7.8
)
11.7
.10
Are
oxy
gena
ted
oils
(su
cha
sco
okin
goi
ls)
colle
cted
sep
arat
ely
from
hyd
roca
rbon
(s
uch
asv
ehic
le)o
ils?
(7.9
)
11.7
.11
Whe
rela
rge
quan
titie
sof
coo
king
oila
ccum
ulat
eon
are
gula
rbas
ish
asc
onsi
dera
tion
been
giv
ento
util
isin
gth
epr
oduc
tfor
the
prod
uctio
nof
bio
dies
elfu
el?
(7.9
)
11.7
.12
Are
any
turp
entin
eor
sim
ilar
oils
seg
rega
ted
and
nota
llow
edto
con
tam
inat
epa
per,
rags
or
sim
ilar
mat
eria
lss
oas
top
reve
nta
ser
ious
pos
sibi
lity
ofs
elfh
eatin
g?(7
.10)
11.7
.13
Are
pai
nts
reta
ined
in
the
cans
or
othe
rco
ntai
ners
in
whi
cht
hey
are
brou
ght
to
the
site
?(7
.11)
11.7
.14
Are
sta
ffaw
are
that
wat
er-b
ased
pai
nts
mus
tno
tbe
tip
ped
into
wat
erc
ours
es?
(7.1
2)
11.7
.15
Isa
ded
icat
edc
age
prov
ided
inw
hich
tos
tore
unw
ante
dga
scy
linde
rs?
(7.1
3)
11.7
.16
Isp
rovi
sion
mad
eto
sec
ure
larg
ecy
linde
rsin
an
uprig
htp
ositi
onw
ithp
rom
inen
tsi
gns
disp
laye
dto
war
nth
efir
ean
dre
scue
ser
vice
sho
uld
they
be
calle
dto
the
site
?(7
.13)
11.7
.17
Ist
heg
asc
ylin
der
cage
pos
ition
eds
oth
atn
ocy
linde
ris
clo
ser
than
2m
to
the
boun
dary
oft
hes
ite?
(7.1
4)
18 19
Yes
No
N/A
Acti
on r
equir
ed
Due d
ate
Sig
n
on c
om
ple
tion
11.7
.18
Are
all
cylin
ders
han
dled
with
car
eto
avo
idth
eir
bein
gdr
oppe
d?(7
.15)
11.7
.19
Are
cyl
inde
rsp
rote
cted
from
dire
cts
unlig
ht?
(7.1
6)
11.7
.20
Are
mea
sure
sta
ken
top
reve
ntg
asf
rom
bei
ngr
elea
sed
from
cyl
inde
rst
hat
are
part
full?
(7.1
7)
11.7
.21
Ifa
cylin
der
ist
houg
htt
obe
dam
aged
or
leak
ing,
isa
rep
utab
les
uppl
ier
cont
acte
dw
ithou
tdel
ayfo
rad
vice
or
tom
ake
the
cylin
der
safe
?(7
.18)
11.7
.22
Are
sta
ffaw
are
that
no
atte
mpt
sho
uld
bem
ade
bys
taff
tou
sec
ylin
ders
that
are
par
tfu
llfo
rfu
ellin
gst
oves
or
heat
ing
equi
pmen
t?(7
.19)
11.7
.23
Are
sta
ffaw
are
that
no
atte
mpt
sho
uld
bem
ade
tor
euse
pre
ssur
ega
uges
and
co
ntro
lval
ves
that
hav
ebe
ens
entf
ord
ispo
sal?
(7.2
0)
11.7
.24
Isth
est
orin
gof
was
tea
cety
lene
cyl
inde
rsa
void
ed?
(7.2
1)
11.7
.25
Are
oth
erp
ress
ure
vess
els
(suc
has
old
car
bon
diox
ide
fire
extin
guis
hers
and
car
bon
diox
ide
gas
cart
ridge
s)tr
eate
dw
ithc
are
and
stor
edto
aw
aitc
olle
ctio
n,p
refe
rabl
yin
a
cage
as
for
gas
cylin
ders
?(7
.22)
11.7
.26
Are
mem
bers
oft
hep
ublic
exc
lude
dfro
mth
esi
tew
hen
the
mat
eria
lin
the
Ro-
roo
rot
her
cont
aine
rsin
whi
chth
ede
posi
ted
was
teis
com
pact
ed?
(7.2
3)
11.8
Mo
tor
vehi
cles
(sec
tion
8)
11.8
.1U
nles
ssp
ecia
list
equi
pmen
tan
dfa
cilit
ies
are
avai
labl
e,a
rev
ehic
les
brou
ght
tot
he
recy
clin
gce
ntre
red
irect
edt
oan
aut
horis
edt
reat
men
tfa
cilit
yfo
ren
dof
life
veh
icle
sw
hich
will
trea
tsc
rap
cars
to
min
imis
epo
llutio
nin
acc
orda
nce
with
the
End
ofL
ife
Vehi
cle
Reg
ulat
ions
?(8
.1)
11.8
.2A
rec
ompo
nent
sof
veh
icle
sbr
ough
tto
ar
ecyc
ling
site
tre
ated
acc
ordi
ngt
oth
em
ater
ials
from
whi
chth
eya
rem
anuf
actu
red?
(8.2
)
11.9
Tyre
s (s
ectio
n 9)
11.9
.1Is
the
acce
ptan
ceo
flar
gen
umbe
rso
fuse
dty
res
avoi
ded
ons
ite,w
iths
uch
requ
ests
be
ing
dire
cted
toa
lice
nsed
was
tec
ompa
nyto
man
age
thei
rulti
mat
edi
spos
al?
(9.1
)
11.9
.2A
ret
hem
odes
tnu
mbe
rso
fw
aste
tyr
est
hat
are
acce
pted
seg
rega
ted
from
oth
er
mat
eria
lsa
nds
tore
din
ac
lose
dsk
ipo
rsh
ippi
ngc
onta
iner
?(9
.2)
11.1
0E
lect
rica
l, el
ectr
oni
c an
d s
imila
r ite
ms
(sec
tion
10)
11.1
0.1
Are
frid
ges
and
freez
ers
stor
eds
epar
atel
yfro
mo
ther
pro
duct
san
dw
hite
goo
dst
oal
low
the
refri
gera
ntg
ases
tob
ere
cove
red
safe
lyb
ya
spec
ialis
tcon
trac
tor?
(10.
1)
20 21
Yes
No
N/A
Acti
on r
equir
ed
Due d
ate
Sig
n
on c
om
ple
tion
11.1
0.2
Are
ol
dst
yle
tele
visi
ons
and
com
pute
rm
onito
rs
inco
rpor
atin
ggl
ass
tube
sst
ored
sep
arat
ely,
in
this
cas
ein
ac
lose
dsh
ippi
ngc
onta
iner
for
col
lect
ion
bya
sp
ecia
listc
ontr
acto
r?(1
0.2)
11.1
0.3
Are
ded
icat
edf
acilit
ies
prov
ided
to
allo
wp
rinte
rca
rtrid
ges
tob
eco
llect
eda
nd
recy
cled
?(1
0.3)
11.1
0.4
Are
con
tain
ers
forl
ead
acid
veh
icle
bat
terie
sde
sign
edto
ens
ure
the
safe
tyo
fpeo
ple
visi
ting
the
cent
res
and
prev
entt
hea
cidi
cco
nten
tso
fthe
bat
terie
sfro
me
scap
ing
to
caus
ein
jury
or
cont
amin
atio
nto
the
area
?(1
0.4)
11.1
0.5
Isn
oat
tem
ptm
ade
tod
rain
the
acid
from
bat
terie
s,w
ithth
isb
eing
und
erta
ken
ina
sa
fee
nviro
nmen
toff
site
att
hes
tart
oft
here
proc
essi
ngp
roce
ss?
(10.
5)
11.1
0.6
Are
ded
icat
edf
acilit
ies
avai
labl
eto
col
lect
all
form
sof
dry
cel
lst
om
inim
ise
the
num
ber
goin
gto
land
fill?
(10.
6)
11.1
0.7
Are
sta
ffaw
are
that
no
form
ofb
atte
rys
houl
dbe
sub
ject
toin
cine
ratio
n?(1
0.7)
11.1
0.8
Are
mea
sure
sta
ken
top
reve
ntm
etal
woo
l,sw
arfa
nds
imila
rm
ater
ials
from
co
min
gin
toc
onta
ctw
ithw
aste
bat
terie
sof
any
form
?(1
0.8)
11.1
0.9
Isp
artic
ular
car
eta
ken
whe
nha
ndlin
glit
hium
pol
ymer
bat
terie
sth
ath
ave
com
eto
th
een
dof
thei
rlif
e?(1
0.9)
11.1
0.10
Are
ded
icat
edc
onta
iner
spr
ovid
edfo
rco
llect
ing
fluor
esce
nttu
bes
and
othe
rfo
rms
ofre
cycl
able
lam
p,s
uch
asm
ercu
ryd
isch
arge
lam
psa
ndh
igh
inte
nsity
sod
ium
di
scha
rge
lam
ps?
(10.
10)
11.1
0.11
Are
sta
ffaw
are
that
tube
sm
ustn
otb
ebr
oken
but
reta
ined
who
leto
pre
vent
the
rele
ase
ofto
xic
mat
eria
ls?
(10.
11)
11.1
0.12
Whe
rere
use
isn
otv
iabl
eor
am
obile
pho
neis
unw
ante
d,is
the
rech
arge
able
ba
tter
yre
cycl
eds
epar
atel
yfro
mth
ere
mai
nder
oft
heit
em?
(10.
12)
11.1
0.13
Isa
des
igna
ted
met
alc
onta
iner
ava
ilabl
efo
rth
eco
llect
ion
and
stor
age
ofe
lect
rical
ite
ms?
(10.
13)
20 21
PRESS REPORTS OF FIRES AT RECYCLING CENTRES
Homes evacuated as fire engulfs recycling plant
Upto80peoplehavebeenevacuatedfromtheirhomesaftera
severe firebrokeoutovernightat a recyclingplant, emergency
crewssaidthismorning.
The blaze began on Western Way in Moxley, Walsall, West
Midlands, shortly before 4am and firefighters cordoned off the
areaduetothepresenceofalargequantityofasbestosatthesite.
Policeevacuatedresidentswhile15fireenginesand16firefighters
tackled the flames. Many of the evacuees went to friends or
relatives,whiletherestweremovedtoDarlastonpolicestation.
West Midlands Ambulance Service said there had been no
serious casualties but several people, including police officers,
weretreatedatthescenefortheeffectsofsmoke.Theservice
senttwoambulancesandtheHazardousAreaResponseTeam
(HART) to thescene,whileanadditionalparamedicwasat the
police station. A spokesman for the service said: ‘The fire has
causedathickplumeofacridblacksmoketomoveintoanearby
housing area. So far there have not been any casualties from
thefire itself thoughahandfulof residentshavebeenchecked
over, but thankfully no one has required hospital treatment.
Ambulancestaffwillremainatthesceneduetothelargenumber
offirefighterstacklingtheblaze.ThemembersoftheHARTteam
havespecialistequipmentincaseitisrequiredtoentertheareas
affectedbythesmoke.’
Thefire,atAWMRecyclingLtd,wasbeingbroughtundercontrol
thismorning,firefighterssaid.
Twojointunitsatthesite,spanningaround100mby50m,were
affectedbythefire,butflameswerenolongerreachingtheroof
of the building. The palls of black smoke reported in the early
hourswerethinningtoagreymixtureofsmokeandsteamand
dispersing. A spokeswoman for West Midlands Fire Service
confirmed that 16 firefighters had initially been committed to
tackle theblaze,but50werenowbringing the situationunder
control,withmoreonhand.
Roadsintheareawereshutdownearlierwhenthesmokewasat
itspeak,withmotoristsurgedtoseekalternativeroutes.
A spokesman for West Midlands Police said: ‘The A41 Black
Country New Road and some side roads close to the scene
wereclosed.’
Officerssaiditwastooearlytodeterminewhatcausedthefireor
whetheritwassuspicious.
(Press Association report)
Smoke from recycling centre monitored
Around 25 firefighters are still tackling the fire at a recycling
centre in Skewen, near Neath, next to the A465 Heads of the
ValleysRoad.
MidandWestWalesFireServicewerecalledtotheplant,which
containsrecycledmetalsandplastics,atjustafter0220BSTon
Monday.More than35firefightersandfivefireengineswereat
thefireat itsheight,with thematerialsat thecentresaid tobe
wellalight.
Waterwasbeingpumpedfromalocalcanaltotackletheflames
which involved 1,500 tonnes of mixed recycled waste. The
incidentcommandersaid:‘Nowthatwehaveagoodsupplyof
water,crewsareworkingtosuppressthefirecarefullytoensure
thatthesmokeplumeremainsbuoyantthuskeepingthesmoke
atahighlevel.’
The fire service said the smoke levels on the M4 and A465
werebeingmonitoredbutshouldnotbeenoughtoaffect road
traffic. The smoke was dispersing well but, as a precaution
only,householders intheimmediateareawereadvisedtokeep
windowsclosed.
Noinjurieswerereported.
(Taken from BBC News)
Waste plant fires ‘still burning’
FirecrewsremainedatawasterecyclingplantinEastYorkshire
onWednesdayastheycontinuedtotackleafirewhichstartedon
Mondayevening.About1,000tonnesofwastetimberwhichwent
upinflamesattheTranswastesiteinFosterStreet,Hull,mayburn
foranother threedays.AHumbersideFireandRescueService
spokesmansaidcrewswerelettingthemainseatofthefireburn
out.Smallerfiresat thesitewerebeingextinguishedtoprotect
nearbyhomes.
The fire service was working with Yorkshire Water to ensure
contaminated run-offwaterwasbeing storedand treated. The
cause of the fire is still under investigation; fire service officers
and police are studying CCTV images of the surrounding area
toestablishwhethertherewasanysuspiciousactivitybeforethe
firestarted.
Residents and businesses near the site have been advised to
keepdoorsandwindowsclosedassmokepoursfromthescene.
Humberside Fire Service group manager Keith Evans said:
‘Pouring more water on to the fire is going to cause more
problemsfortheareasowehavegotwhatwecallacontrolled
burning environment. We are protecting surrounding buildings
and structures and allowing the actual 1,000 tonnes of wood
producttojustburnoff.’
EnvironmentAgencyofficerssaid thefire ‘shouldnotposeany
significantrisk’asitinvolvedwastetimber.
22
REFERENCES
1. BS 476-7: 1997: Fire tests on building materials
and structures. Method of test to determine the
classification of the surface spread of flame of
products,BritishStandardsInstitution.
2. BS 476-3: 2004: Fire tests on building materials
and structures. Classification and method of
test for external fire exposure to roofs, British
StandardsInstitution.
3. BS 476-20: 1987: Fire tests on building materials
and structures. Method for determination of the
fire resistance of elements of construction (general
principles),BritishStandardsInstitution.
4. BS 476-22: 1987: Fire tests on building materials
and structures. Methods for determination of the
fire resistance of non-loadbearing elements of
construction,BritishStandardsInstitution.
5. BS476-21:1987:Fire tests on building materials and
structures. Methods for determination of the fire
resistance of loadbearing elements of construction,
BritishStandardsInstitution.
6. LPCB’s Loss Prevention Standard (LPS) 1195,
Specification for testing of temporary buildings for use
on construction sites,BRECertification.
7. RegulatoryReform (FireSafety)Order2005,SI2005No
1541,TheStationeryOffice.
8. TheFire(Scotland)Act2005,asp5,TheStationeryOffice.
9. FireSafety(Scotland)Regulations2006,ScottishSI2006
No456,TheStationeryOffice.
10. FireandRescueServices(NorthernIreland)Order2006,SI
2006No1254(NI9),TheStationeryOffice.
11. Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres
Regulations (DSEAR), 2002, SI 2002 No 2776, The
StationeryOffice.
12. Business resilience: A guide to protecting your
business and its people, 2005, Fire Protection
Association.
13. The ROBUST software (Resilient Business Software
Toolkit)maybefoundathttps://robust.riscauthority.co.uk
14. RC7: Hot work,2007,FireProtectionAssociation.
15. RC51:Recommendations regarding smoking at work,
2010,FireProtectionAssociation.
16. BS5839-1:2002:Fire detection and fire alarm systems
for buildings +A2:2008: Code of practice for system
design, installation, commissioning and maintenance,
BritishStandardsInstitution.
17. BS5306-8:2000:Fire extinguishing installations and
equipment on premises. Selection and installation of
portable fire extinguishers. Code of practice, British
StandardsInstitution.
18. BS 5306-3: 2009: Fire extinguishing installations
and equipment on premises. Commissioning and
maintenance of portable fire extinguishers. Code of
practice,BritishStandardsInstitution.
19. BS5979:2007:Remote centres receiving signals from
fire and security systems. Code of practice, British
StandardsInstitution.
20. LPC Rules for automatic sprinkler installations
incorporating BS EN 12845: (Fixed firefighting systems.
Automatic sprinkler systems. Design, installation and
maintenance, British Standards Institution),2009,Fire
ProtectionAssociation.
21. Requirements for firms engaged in the design,
installation and commissioning of firefighting systems,
Loss Prevention Standard (LPS) 1204: isue 2, BRE
Certification,1994.
22. BS5266-1:2005:Emergency lighting: Code of practice
for the emergency lighting of premises, British
StandardsInstitution.
23. The Household Waste Recycling Act 2003, Chapter
29, The Stationery Office, http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/
acts2003/ukpga_20030029_en_1
24. RC57: Storage and use of highly flammable and
flammable liquids in external fixed tanks, 2009, Fire
ProtectionAssociation.
25. End of Life Vehicle Regulations 2003, SI 2003 No.
2635, The Stationery Office http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/
si2003/20032635.htm
FURTHER READING
Fire safety and waste materials, 2003, Fire Protection
Association.
22
administered by
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2011©TheFireProtectionAssociationonbehalfofRISCAuthority
HardcopiesofthisdocumentmaybeobtainedfromthepublicationsdepartmentoftheFPAattheaboveaddress.
Electroniccopiesmaybeobtainedfromwww.riscauthority.co.uk.
