Research ArticleStudy on Environmental Art Design Based on Ecology Concept

ZiWen Jiang and Feng Wang

School of Design, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, Wuxi 214122, China

Correspondence should be addressed to ZiWen Jiang; 6211507005@stu.jiangnan.edu.cn

Received 29 November 2021; Revised 23 December 2021; Accepted 17 January 2022; Published 8 February 2022

Academic Editor: Wei Zhang

Copyright © 2022 ZiWen Jiang and Feng Wang. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative CommonsAttribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original workis properly cited.

Ecological design concept is a design concept aimed at advocating green environmental protection and sustainable development,which is widely used in different cases of environmental design including urban and kindergarten. In our study, using literatureresearch, case reference, and field research as research methods, through the theoretical research of domestic and foreignkindergarten environment design and interpretation of typical cases to summarize the ecological design method and designstrategy, can be further applied in larger field such as urban, basin, and/or region. Then, take “Chenguang” kindergarten inBeijing as example to analyze ecological element in there. Aiming at ecological landscape, ecological humanities, and ecologicalexperience as the goal, the kindergarten’s architectural appearance and indoor and outdoor environment have beentransformed and redesigned. Ecological principle and ecological strategy from our study present an important referencemeaning in improving the quality of urban space environment and shaping a good city image which are of great significance.

1. Introduction

Urban environmental art design plays an important role inimproving the quality of urban space environment andshaping a good city image which are of great significance.Urbanization has brought adverse effects on the urban eco-logical environment [1]. In recent years, urban ecologicalenvironmental problems have become increasingly severe.Under this background, the concepts of ecological designhave increasingly penetrated the hearts of designers. Itsapplication in urban environmental art design has alsobecome a necessity, which is conducive to alleviate the prob-lems of urban environmental pollution and excessive con-sumption of resources. Only a correct understanding andsufficient attention to environmental issues and a positivemeasure can these problems be better solved. Integrating lifeinto urban environmental art design has been a trend of themodern times and meets the requirements of urban sustain-able development. The integration of ecological concepts inthe field of environmental art design is to ensure the societyto optimize environmental space resource allocation andimprove the efficiency of comprehensive utilization ofresources under the premise of regular operation of society

and daily life in an efficient and orderly manner, so as tokeep the ecological balance from being broken [2].

As a discipline that integrates the knowledge of finearts, architecture, urban planning, etc., the connotation ofenvironmental art design is continuously extending withthe development of society. From the environmental pointof view, architecture should focus on the relationshipbetween itself and nature, through the combination of artis-tic aesthetics and architectural functions, providing a guar-anteed for completing the environmental art work. It canbe seen that the framework of environmental art design isart, the embodiment is the architecture, and the two areindispensable [3]. In essence, task carried out in city forthe environmental art design is the work of enhancing theenvironmental art of the urban landscape, which involvedhumanities, history, geography, and many other factors;the purpose is to compare the development prospects ofthe city in a more intuitive way. Researches have shownthat environmental art design follows mainly the rules ofnature, on basis of above, adjusts the design plan accordingto the urban development situation, makes it more scien-tific and reasonable, and highlights the “people-oriented”concepts [4].

HindawiJournal of SensorsVolume 2022, Article ID 8034930, 8 pageshttps://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8034930

However, we should acknowledge that current environ-mental art design still has following disadvantages [5]: (1)have no consideration on ecological concept. Since thereform and opening of China, the society and economy havedeveloped rapidly. The urban environment has also under-gone tremendous changes, urban construction is in fullswing, and urbanization is progressing. As a part of urbanconstruction, urban environmental art design has receivedmore attention in modern society. More and more citieshave created a beautiful space environment for the publicthrough environmental art design [6]. Urban environmentalart design is also developing in a good direction. However, inthe current urban environmental art design, ecologicaldesign is lacking, some designers lack environmental aware-ness, and they do not fully realize the seriousness of ecolog-ical environmental problems. Although this improves andenhances the quality of urban space environment, it has animpact on urban ecology. The environment has caused anegative impact and is not conducive to the sustainabledevelopment of the city. All in all, it is under the backgroundof continuously serious ecological environment. Designersshould pay more attention to the artistic design of ecologicalurban environment, improve the quality of urban spaceenvironment, and promote the sustainable and good devel-opment of the city. (2) Blindly pursuing grade. In the currenturban environmental art design, some designers blindly pur-sue “grade.” Whether in the selection of materials or in theconstruction of gardens and green spaces, we blindly pursueluxury and style, palace gardens, and green spaces. Theurban environment seems to be “high, large, and superior,”but it is not related to the current development of the city.Therefore, urban environmental art design should start withthe status quo of urban development and pay attention tothe suitability, popularity, and timeliness of environmen-tal art design, so as to design and create an urban spaceenvironment that can meet the diverse needs of the pub-lic territory. (3) Serious homogeneity problem. Under thebackground of information environment, the ways for thepublic to obtain information are becoming more and morediversified; in this context, the disseminating of designmethods and design concepts becomes more quick andbroad. In the current urban environmental art design, land-scape projects with very similar design elements and designtechniques are not uncommon; some designers are innova-tive and possess insufficient ability, who imitate, plagiarize,copy, and paste in the design and also ignore the differencesin regional culture and natural environment between cities,so as to lead to the same design homogeneity [7]. Innovationis the soul of design; designers should enhance their sense ofinnovation and ability to combine with the city’s regionalculture, innovative design of the natural environment, etc.,to create a unique urban environment.

Putting ecological concept into environmental art designhas a very important significance, which can build greensociety and make environment protection and resource sav-ing come true. What needs to do for combining ecologicalconcept with environmental art design is that designersshould possess holistic concept, improve measures of envi-ronment protection, and promote ecological service level of

building [8]. Among the many characteristics of ecologicaldesign, the most representative one is naturalness, that is,ecological design can improve the quality of the living envi-ronment created by making full and reasonable use ofresources. Ecological design applied to environmental artalso has unique characteristics. The specific performance isas follows: (1) artistry. Designers usually take artistry as theirmain pursuit. Therefore, in the process of environmental artdesign, designers should be guided by the concept of ecolog-ical design, combining with the conditions and characteris-tics of the urban environment; designers should completethe design of environmental art design work; the designworks not only conform to the laws of nature, but also, per-formance is very outstanding. (2) Naturalness. The natural-ness as the basis of ecological design has very distinctivecharacteristics, which can be adapted to the impact of socialdevelopment in a relatively short period of time. Designerswho take meticulous carving as their main pursuit oftenhave large deviations from the ecological design concept. Itcan be seen that environmental art emphasizes the comfort-able and harmonious beauty between humans and nature [9].

In order to integrate ecological concepts into the envi-ronmental art design process, designers should organicallyintegrate the ecological environment with the living spaceof human beings [10]. To achieve the integration of ecolog-ical concepts and environmental art design, principlesshould be followed. (1) Art design should fully integratepublic aesthetics. Environmental art is a highly personalizedand unique artistic style that can highlight the space envi-ronment of a building. People should integrate aestheticthinking and design concepts in the art field in the processof environmental art design, so that while highlighting theartistic aesthetic value of the work, make the created artworkconform to the basic principles of design aesthetics. (2) Fol-lows objective regular. Related research shows that at the endof the 20th century, many environmental art design mastersused the most primitive materials and resources in the pro-cess of designing their works, fully respected objective laws,integrated natural resources well, and maintained the sounddevelopment of the ecological environment. Many famouscities at home and abroad are built in compliance with theconcept of nature. (3) Improve design and eliminate noise.In the design process, the designer must follow the followingrequirements. Firstly, make full use of and develop the orig-inal natural landscape; secondly, in the selection of mate-rials, use recycled materials to reduce energy consumption;thirdly, waste materials after using should be reused ratio-nally; finally, waste materials cannot be discarded at will,and they must be recycled. (4) Show characteristics of eco-logical aesthetics. With the development of social produc-tivity and the improvement of people’s living standardsand cultural level, contemporary environmental art designrequires a return to nature. Ecological aesthetics require ahigh degree of integration of social civilization, humandevelopment, and ecological environment. Therefore, inthe design process of environmental art, the materials thatbest demonstrate the characteristics of ecological aestheticsshould be used first [11].

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There are a large number of examples on integrationecological concepts with environment art design [12]. Theyapplied this technology in different fields. But two commonpoints in their all studies can be concluded: (1) prefer recy-clable natural materials. The basic principles of ecologicalconcept can provide necessary theoretical guidance for envi-ronmental art design. In order to highlight the characteris-tics of ecological concepts in environmental art designworks, designers need to process them through some means.The use of natural materials is a good way, and it is also thekey to achieving this goal. Environmental art designersshould choose corresponding natural materials accordingto specific environmental conditions, such as decoratingthe wall with shells, starfish, etc., in the ocean park, whichcan make the environment more suitable for the targettheme and make people feel like being on the scene. (2) Pur-suit of sustainable development theory. Environmental artdesign needs to uphold the concept of sustainable develop-ment and adhere to the concept of scientific development.In recent years, under the five-in-one ecological constructiongoal, ensuring an ecological and environmental protection ofthe building space has become a long-term trend. In otherwords, as a fashionable sunrise industry, the creative designindustry can better tap Du Fu’s culture, make it more “local,”and conform to the requirements of the market of the times.However, this method of making Du Fu’s culture trendydoes not mean blindly catering to the market. Instead, weshould develop excellent culture on the basis of respect formarket needs, optimize and fashion Du Fu culture withhigh-quality sincere market means, and realize cultural con-sciousness. For example, the Q version of Du Fu dollslaunched by the Three Gorges Museum at the 2012 ICIF ofChina is the result of innovative entertainment, cartooniza-tion, and personalization of Du Fu culture. The “Q version”trend is closely related and is a direct manifestation of cul-ture serving the public. Among them, the designer combinedthe well-known image of Du Fu with modern entertainmentdolls, so that poets such as Du Fu successfully transformedinto modern Q version of the little people [13].

In our study, we firstly compared some examples betweenChina and abroad on integrating ecological concepts into kin-dergarten environmental art design and summarized the eco-logical design methods and design strategies; we summarizedthe indoor and outdoor design elements and main spaces,including the shape, material, and color related to the reno-vation of the building appearance; we discussed the environ-mental design of the kindergarten under the ecologicaldesign concept in view of the problems in the domestic kin-dergarten space environment goals and design principles.And then, we take the space environment of the “Chen-guang” kindergarten in Beijing city, as the research object;through field investigation, the method of combining theorywith practice was adopted. Ecological design was the guidingideology; ecological landscape, ecological humanities, andecological experience were the goals. The exterior of thebuilding and the indoor and outdoor environment have beenredesigned to create a kindergarten environment that mainlyfocused on children’s perspective, emphasized natural eco-logical experience, considered children’s physical and psy-

chological states, and promoted children’s physical andmental development and communication.

Our study is organized as follows. Study methods, con-tents, and research ideas are discussed in Section 2; majorresults and discussion are presented in Section 3. Section 4is the main conclusion of study.

2. Study Methods, Contents, and Ideas

2.1. Research Method and Contents. In our study, threemethods were used to achieve our aim: (1) Literature review.Collect domestic and foreign kindergarten environmentaldesign examples related research literature, journals, andbooks, understand the topic selection research and designstatus, provide scientific theoretical basis for thesis writing,and analyze, typical design cases to achieve theoretical andcombining practical design; (2) practical investigation.Mainly investigate the representative kindergartens in Bei-jing, understand their architectural appearance and outdooractivity space, find out the current problems that need to besolved, take field photos and record their current situationduring the field inspection, and understand specific circum-stances of the kindergartens’ environment; (3) comparativeanalysis. The successful process and experience of domesticand foreign kindergarten construction and environmentaldesign cases were compared and used for reference withthe actual situation of Chenguang kindergarten design, andthe methods and models suitable for local landscape con-struction were extracted. In the design, refer to the same typeof kindergarten design plan and learn excellent design con-cepts and design ideas.

This article is mainly based on the research of ecologicaldesign concept, and using this as the guiding ideology, the“Chenguang” kindergarten environment was transformedand designed, and study on how to fully reflect the ecologicalconcept in the kindergarten environment design, achieveadaptive design, and meet the needs of children’s physicaland mental development. Through the research on the char-acteristics, design elements and main space design of thekindergarten’s indoor and outdoor environment and buildappearance transformation and summarize the environmen-tal design goals and design principles of the kindergartenunder the ecological design concept. Then, based on the con-cept of ecological design, the “Chenguang” kindergarten inBeijing city was taken as an example to design and transformto create a kindergarten area that is conducive for the phys-ical and mental development of children.

2.2. Study Ideas. In order to effectively study the environ-mental renovation design of “Chenguang” kindergartenbased on the ecological design concept, this topic firstlystarted with the core concept of the research theme, analyzedthe current research status and design cases at home andabroad and the related concepts of the kindergarten spacedesign, considered children psychological and behavioralcharacteristics, and analyzed the impact of kindergartenenvironment design on the growth of children from theaspects of cognitive learning development, social develop-ment, and character training. We summarized the indoor

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and outdoor design elements of the kindergarten and themain space design functions, including the application ofmaterials, colors, and graphics related to the renovation ofthe architectural appearance; then, in view of the problemsin the domestic kindergarten space environment design,the kindergarten environment design goals and principleunder the ecological design concept were discussed andstudied on relative theory. Workflow in our study is pre-sented in Figure 1.

3. Results and Discuss

3.1. Design Examples in China. From the perspective ofdesign practice, there are many successful cases of domestickindergarten environment design. For example, BeijingSiheyuan Kindergarten, Shanghai East China Normal Uni-versity Bilingual Kindergarten, and the successful experienceof Aibobi International Kindergarten design all reflect theimportance of experience and ecology in the creation ofthe kindergarten environment; these successful examplesprovide a valuable reference for our study.

Beijing Siheyuan Kindergarten was designed by MADArchitectural Design Office led by Ma Yansong. The mainbody of the project is a courtyard building which was builtsince 1725. With the theme of “floating roof, children’sworld,” the rational use of resources was carried out on thepremise of respecting and protecting historical and culturalrelics. At the same time, it is in good condition with the sur-rounding ecological vegetation cohesion. The overall designenvironment of the kindergarten expands in a horizontalposture, transforming the limited roof space into an outdoorsports and activity platform to the greatest extent. Incorpo-rating the natural design elements of “hills” and “plains”and flowing spatial layout created a free and inclusive spaceatmosphere; preserve the old trees in the original site, use the

microtopography design, and combine transparent floor-to-ceiling glass so that a good landscape viewing effect will becreated (Figure 2).

The courtyard from Shanghai East China Normal Uni-versity Bilingual Kindergarten can enhance the cohesion ofthe family and communicate with the world and nature inthis way. The project site was located in the new commu-nity south of Anting, Shanghai, and is one of the first pub-lic buildings to be constructed. The 7,400 square meters ofland needs to accommodate 15 activity classes. Thedesigner used the three-dimensional settlement designform of stacked honeycomb classroom units to create achildren’s space environment with a natural urban court-yard. The design plan of the whole kindergarten complexis in the shape of “W,” and the corresponding retreatspace design has the largest scale of natural lighting inthe three directions of east, west, and south. Thehoneycomb-shaped combination can better adapt to theturning of the bevel. At the same time, the corridors inthe garden were arranged along the edge of the hexagon,which can effectively meet the daily traffic. Teachers andstudents can walk along the winding corridors, passingthrough the courtyard and the entrance class. The overallmaterial is mainly wood, giving people a warm feeling.The hexagonal corridor space connects various indoorand courtyard spaces in series, so that children can getmore opportunities to interact with nature through thecourtyard (Figure 3).

The Aibobi International Kindergarten site is located ina residential area of Shenzhen, surrounded by a good naturalenvironment, aiming to transform the old and outdatedbuildings into an ecological, environmentally friendly, com-fortable, and healthy contemporary education space. Thespace environment design of Aibobi International Kinder-garten follows the “Montessori” educational philosophy

�eoreticalresearch

Design goal Designprinciple

Ecologicallandscape Nature

Ecologicalhumanities

Ecologicalexperience Security Integrity

Conclusions for environmental design under ecological concept

ParticipationEntertain

ment

Figure 1: Workflow in our study.

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proposed by the Italian educator Dr. Maria Montessori,which is to respect children’s nature and cultivate children’sconscious and active learning in the environment and thespirit of exploration. The overall design of the kindergartenused wood with clean white walls to create a harmoniousand warm learning environment for children in the simplestway. The designer used concise lines as the design languageto enhance children’s more intuitive spatial cognitionbrought by the linear space. The grasp of details in thedesign is also particularly important. In the renovation,attention is paid to the treatment of details such as stairs,handrails, doors, windows, and safe barrier-free passages,as well as the soft rubber on the ground and the slope design.From the perspective, respect the law of children’s growthand carry out adaptive design to create a teaching environ-ment that enables children to develop in an all-round way(Figure 4).

3.2. Examples from Abroad. The education of children in for-eign countries is generally based on open education, whichencourages the cultivation of children’s creativity and auton-omy in the environment. Since the mid-20th century, mod-ern ecological environment design concepts have graduallybeen applied to various spatial environments. By the endof the 20th century, people have become more aware that“the stimulation of the environment on children’s senseorgans is vital to children’s development.” Then, attentionawareness of the kindergarten environment has begun tostrengthen, and its typical research results include the“Model of Designing Children’s Center” by Fred and theJapanese “Kindergarten Design” (Japan Co., Ltd. New

Architecture, 2011), which mentioned the impact of theenvironment on children growth; a good kindergarten envi-ronment can make children’s growth space more social;Frost’s “Children’s Games and Playing Environment” takesa wide range of outdoor activities for children as the researchobject and discusses on how to create an environment that isfree, tends to nature, and is in line with children’s develop-ment. It can be seen in the environmental design of foreignkindergarten areas that more emphasis is placed on natureand nature, so that children and the environment form a sub-tle interaction. Its environmental design and architecturaldesign forms are also tending to diversify. Typical practicalcases are Japan’s Roppongatsu Kindergarten, Japan’s KMKindergarten, and Denmark’s Red Kindergarten.

Roppongatsu Kindergarten is located in a residentialarea in Fukuoka City, Japan. It can accommodate 90 chil-dren from 0 to 6 years old. The goal is to create a kindergar-ten that allows children to develop freely physically andmentally. The façade of the building is arranged in a sparseand uniform combination of “color tree branches.” The sim-ple white exterior wall and large area of transparent glassmake it clear and stand out in the architectural environmentof the entire district. The large area of floor-to-ceiling glassgives people a comfortable sense of openness and keeps adistance from the outside world, allowing children to enjoyplenty of sunlight during classroom activities and at thesame time strengthen the design of child safety protection(Figure 5).

Japan’s KM Kindergarten is located in Osaka, Japan. Theoriginal building is a ruined kindergarten. The owner askedthe designer to redesign and remodel to solve basic problems

Figure 2: Partial profile of Beijing Siheyuan Kindergarten (comes from https://www.gooood.cn).

Figure 3: Structure profile from the courtyard from Shanghai East China Normal University Bilingual Kindergarten (comes from https://www.gooood.cn).

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such as children’s daily activities. The kindergarten creates afluid space environment that indirectly guides children tooutdoor sports. Part of the building is integrated with theplayground full of ecological greenery through a ramp,which satisfies the normal traffic function while allowingchildren to get close to nature. Many spaces in the park arealso designed with humanity, such as the cafeteria can befully opened towards the playground, to form a seamlessconnection between the playground and the canteen, so thatthe architectural space and the natural ecology are integrated(Figure 6).

Denmark’s Red Kindergarten site is located in Copenha-gen, Denmark. This kindergarten has a prominent curvedwall and an ecological green roof garden. It used local thinbrick materials to decorate the facade of the building in theform of a grille. At the same time, the color name is linedto maintain the characteristics of the kindergarten building.The designer hopes to create a world-class day care centerfor children through this project and create the best learningand growth environment for children. The grid form of thetransparent building satisfies the natural lighting and venti-lation; an open children’s outdoor space is also set up in

the atrium area to satisfy children’s curiosity for outdoorspace and provide children with a free and happy growthatmosphere and a good learning environment (Figure 7).

3.3. Renovation Based on Ecological Concepts for“Chenguang” Kindergarten. The renovation design of Chen-guang Kindergarten mainly renovated the environmentfrom the perspective of “ecological landscape, ecologicalhumanities, and ecological experience,” clarified functionaldivisions and improved the environment, and built a healthyand ecological park environment on the premise of satisfy-ing its functions.

The spatial layout of the outdoor landscape is not just asimple stacking of constituent elements, but a reasonableconfiguration and organic unity among various elements,focusing on coordinating the harmonious factors betweenpeople and the environment and creating a good spatialeffect. In the process of outdoor environment design, ratio-nal landscape design was carried out with natural ecologicalelements, highlighting the natural ecological attributes of thekindergarten and meeting the needs of children’s owndevelopment.

Figure 4: Structure profile from the Aibobi International Kindergarten (comes from https://www.gooood.cn).

Figure 5: Structure design for Roppongatsu Kindergarten of Japan (comes from https://www.gooood.cn).

Figure 6: Structure design outlook for Japan’s KM Kindergarten (comes from https://www.gooood.cn).

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The overall indoor space layout was divided into a first-floor space layout and a second-floor space layout, whichwere connected to each other to meet the needs of differentfunctions.

At present, Chenguang Kindergarten has problems suchas imperfect facilities and lack of features. The architecturalimage is dull and characteristic, and the outdoor environ-ment function is not clear. The artificial lawn and large areaof hard paving cannot meet the needs of the kindergarten’secological environment design. The building appearanceneeds to be changed. Coordinating with the outdoor envi-ronment space, combine the theme to optimize the transfor-mation and redesign.

In the process of designing the environment of the kin-dergarten area, it is necessary to fully consider the activitycharacteristics of children, try to ensure that there is a flatsite, use steps or coexist with gentle slopes for places withheight differences, and smoothly and excessively carry outbarrier-free design.

Our results show that core of building ecological kinder-garten is combing design elements with regional culture, forexample, humanities, environment, culture, and health. Theseare applicable not only for our study object-kindergarten butalso are a helpful reference for urban environmental design.We can conclude from our study that urban environmentalart design should follow the following: (1) focus on highlight-ing cultural characteristics, (2) reasonable planning of landresources, (3) cultivate professional talents of modern urbanenvironmental art design, (4) adhere to the human-orienteddesign concept, (5) build a multilevel urban environmentalsystem, and (6) scientific management of urban constructionand environmental art design. Only do this can we createmoreinnovative urban outlook.

4. Conclusions

Based on the perspective of ecological concepts, this articlehas carried out research and practice on the kindergartenenvironment design. On the basis of our result, design prin-ciple and methods can be used for urban environmental artdesign. First, we summarized the current situation of domes-tic and foreign kindergarten environmental design; second,the problems and shortcomings of domestic kindergartenswere presented. Finally, we combined theory with practice,taking Beijing “Chenguang” kindergarten space environ-ment transformation as the design object; according to the

status quo and problems, the kindergarten environmentdesign goals and strategies were proposed. In the design pro-cess, with the goal of “ecological landscape, ecologicalhumanities, and ecological experience,” we strive to createlearning with children an ecologically comfortable kinder-garten area that is integrated with the growth environment.At the same time, through the practical application of eco-logical design concepts, people will be inspired to pay atten-tion to and experience the ecology and natural environmentand create a beautiful and happy life.

Data Availability

The experimental data used to support the findings of thisstudy are available from the corresponding author uponrequest.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest toreport regarding the present study.

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Figure 7: Structure design profile of Denmark’s Red Kindergarten (comes from https://www.gooood.cn).

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