reinforced cement concrete

REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE

Instruction 4 Theory + 2 Drawing Duration of University Examination 3 Hours University Examination 75 Marks Sessional 25 Marks

(Note: All relevant IS codes necessary for teaching this course may be introduced and referred in detail by the Faculty concern)

UNIT-I Concrete: Constituent Materials-Specifications for field and laboratory tests, water cement ratio and strength, workability of concrete and its assessment by different methods, curing of concrete, durability of concrete, concrete admixtures, various types of reinforcements and their characteristics. Design philosophies: Development of design philosophies-Working stress method, ultimate load method and Limit state method-concepts and basic principles-relative merits. Characteristics loads and strengths , Partial safety factors. Stress-strain relationship for concrete and steel , stress blocks (generalized, rectangular, parabolic and Whitney’s). Working stress method: Theory of bending in RCC beams, Balanced, under- reinforced and over reinforced sections, analysis and design of singly and doubly reinforced and flanged sections. UNIT-II Limit state of collapse in flexure: Assumptions, analysis and design for flexure-failure in tension and compression-singly reinforced, doubly reinforced rectangular and flanged beams, Anchorage and development length.

UNIT-III Limit state of collapse in shear and torsion: Analysis and design for shear and torsion. Limit state of serviceability: Check for deflection and cracking.

UNIT-IV

Analysis and design of slabs: Yield line theory-Assumptions in Yield line theory, yield line patterns, plastic theorems-lower bound, upper bound and uniqueness theorems, Relationships between collapse load and plastic load by virtual work method and equilibrium method (one way, two way rectangular and circular slabs only) for uniformly distributed loads. IS code method-Design of rectangular slabs as per IS 456, Detailing of reinforcement in slabs, Check for serviceability of slabs.

UNIT-V Analysis and design of columns: Assumptions, axially loaded circular, square and rectangular columns, Uniaxial and biaxial bending-interaction diagrams, design of isolated square, rectangular and circular footings as per IS code.

Suggested Reading:

1. A. K. Jain, Limit state design of Reinforced concrete, Nem chand & Bros.,2002. 2. Sinha N.C. and Roy S.K, Fundamentals of Reinforced Concrete. S.Chand & Co., 2001. 3. Sushil Kumar, Treasure of RCC designs, Standard Book House, 1998. 4. Varghese P.C, Limit State Design of Reinforced Concrete, Patience Hall of India ,2002. 5. D.S. Prakash Rao, Design Principles and Detailing of Concrete Structures, Tata McGraw Hill

Publishing Co. Ltd., 1995.

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY

Instruction 4 Periods Duration of University Examination 3 Hours University Examination 75 Marks Sessional 25 Marks UNIT-I Rocks: Distinguishing features of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Geological description and Indian occurrence of Granite, Basalt, Gabbro, Laterite, Sandstone, Shale, Limestone, Slate, Gneiss, Quartzite, Marble, Khondalite and Charnockite. Geological structures: Folds, Fractures, Joints and Faults-Fundamental types, mechanism / origin and classifications of structures, Field identification and engineering analysis of structures.

UNIT-II Rock Weathering: Processes and end-products of weathering, susceptibility of rocks to weathering, assessment of the degree of weathering and its classification. Geology of Soils: Formation, geological classification, description and engineering use of soils, types of Indian soils. Hydrogeology: Hydrologic cycle, water table, aquifers, occurrence of ground water in various lithological formations, ground water movement, springs, ground water exploration and ground water provinces in India.

UNIT-III Geomorphology: Evolution, Characteristic features and engineering, considerations of fluviatile Aeolian, glacial and marine land forms. Rock Mechanics: Engineering properties of rocks, stress-strain behavior of rocks under uniaxial compression. Site investigation: Aerial photographs, Electrical resistivity and Seismic refraction methods.

UNIT-IV Rock as a Construction Material: Geological considerations in the selection of concrete aggregate, Highway and runway aggregates, building stones, Decorative stones, Roofing and facing stones, Building stones of India. Geology of Dams and Reservoirs: Types of Dams, problems associated with Dam foundations and reservoirs. Engineering Geological investigations for a masonry dam site, analysis of dam failures, Engineering Geology of major Dam sites of India.

UNIT-V Tunnels: Stand-up time of different rocks, Engineering Geological investigations of tunnels in rock, problems in tunneling, pay line and over break, logging of tunnels and geology of some well known Indian tunnels. Geological Hazards: Geological aspects of Earthquakes, Tsunamis and Landslides, Disaster prevention, mitigation and management.

Suggested Reading:

1. F.G Bell, Engineering Geology, Elsivier - 2007. 2. Dimitri P. Krynine and William R. Judd, Principles of Engineering Geology & Geotechnics,

CBS Publishers & Distributors, First Edition, 1998. 3. B.P Attewel and I.W Fanner, Principles of Engineering Geology, Chapman and Hall 1976. 4. Officers of the Geological Survey of India, “Engineering Geology Case Histories”

Miscellaneous Pub. No. 29, 1975.

THEORY OF STRUCTURES-I


UNIT-I Slope deflection method: Application to continuous beams with and without sinking of supports, single bay single storeyed portal frames with and without side sway (with degree of freedom not exceeding three), loading on each span may be point load(s) and uniformly distributed load, shear force and bending moment diagrams.

UNIT-II Moment distribution method: Analysis of continuous beams with and without sinking of supports, single bay single storeyed portal frames with and without side sway - loading on beam/portal frame shall be point load(s) and uniformly distributed load - shear force and bending moment fiagrams.

UNIT-III Kani’s method: Applied to continuous beams and single bay single storey portal frames - loading on beam/portal frame shall be point load(s) and uniformly distributed load - shear force and bending moment diagrams.

UNIT-IV Strain energy method: Deflections of simple plane pin-jointed trusses and frames using castingliano’s theorem. Redundant pin-jointed trusses: Analysis of plane trusses with one of degree of redundancy (internal/external), assembly and temperature effects.

UNIT-V Unsymmetrical bending: Review - product of inertia, transformation laws for moment of inertia, and product of inertia, principal axes, stresses due to unsymmetrical bending, determination of maximum stresses in rectangular, I and channel sections. Shear Center: Concept and importance of shear center - shear flow and determination of shear center of simple sections such as rectangular, I , T and Channel sections. Graphic Statics: Williot’s diagram for deflection of plane trusses, Mohr’s correction. Forces in members of knee braced trusses and French roof trusses.

Suggested Reading:

1. S.B. Junarkar and Shah, Mechanics of structures, Charotar Pub. House, 2001. 2. D.S. Prakash Rao, Structural Analysis - A Unified Approach, University Press, 1996. 3. B.C.Punmia, Ashok Jain and Arun K. Jain, Theory of structures, Laxmi publication, 2000. 4. S.P. Gupta and G.S. Pandit, Theory of Structures, Tata McGraw Hill, 1999. 5. D.S. Prakash Rao, Graphical Methods in Structural Analysis, University Press 1997.

HYDROLOGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT

Instruction 4 Periods Duration of University Examination 3 Hours University Examination 75 Marks Sessional 25 Marks

UNIT-I General: Definition, related to engineering design, hydrologic cycle, importance of hydrology and its application in engineering. Rainfall: Definition, types of rainfall, measurement of rainfall, types of rain gauges, network design, presentation of precipitate data, mean aerial rainfall, thiessen polygon, isohyetal methods, depth-area-duration curve, dependable rainfall. Infiltration: Evaporation, transpiration - definitions and processes.

UNIT-II Runoff: Definitions, runoff process, factors affecting runoff, determination of runoff, importance of stream gauging, runoff formulae and runoff tables, dependable yield of a basin. Floods: Definition, causes, importance of flood studies, flood peak and flood hydrograph, methods of computing flood peak, empirical methods, rational formula, unit hydrograph method, flood frequency studies, Weibul’s and Gumble’s extreme value methods.

UNIT-III Ground Water: Types of aquifers, aquifer parameters, specific yield, storage coefficient, coefficients of permeability and transmissivity, Darcy’s law, types of wells, steady of radial flow to wells in confined and unconfined aquifers, yield of open wells, safe yield, constant level pumping test and recuperation test.

UNIT-IV Statistics in Hydrology: introduction, Statistical parameters, central tendency parameters, dispersion characteristics, skewness, probability distribution, discrete and continuous distribution, frequency analysis, log pearson type III distribution, regression and correlation, standard forms of bivariate equations, multivariate linear regression and correlation, standard forms of bivariate equations, multivariate linear regression and correlation, analysis of time series, selection of a design return period, determination of permissible risk.

UNIT-V Irrigation: Definition, necessity of irrigation, types of irrigation, advantages and ill-effects of irrigation. Soil-water-plant relationship: Vertical distribution of soil moisture, soil moisture tension, soil moisture stress, soil moisture constants, plant water relationship, moisture stress and plant response, consumptive use, crop factor, duty, factors affecting duty, types of crops and their water requirements, crop rotation.

Suggested Reading:

1. Ven Te Chow, Hand book of applied Hydrology, Tata McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, 1964.

2. K. Subrahmanya, Engineering Hydrology, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. 1996. 3. H.M. Raghunath, Hydrology - Principles, Analysis and Design, New Age International

Publishers, 1996. 4. Michael A.M, ‘Irrigation theory and practice’, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, 1978. 5. Ray K.Linsley, Jr.Max A.Kohler, Joseph L.H.Paulhs, Hydrology for Engineers, Tata

McGraw Hill Book Company.

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND TECHNIQUES


UNIT-I Significance of Construction Management, Objectives and functions of Construction Management, Construction Management Team, Principles of Organization Types of Organization.

UNIT-II Bar charts, Limitations of Bar charts, Time estimates, CPM and PERT, Net work Techniques in Construction management, Normal distribution curve and network problems.

UNIT-III Cost time analysis, Crashing the Network, Optimization, Resource leveling and smoothing.

UNIT-IV Development of Operations Research (OR), Quantitative Analysis and Decision Making, need for linear programming, standard form of Linear Programming. Graphical Method, Case studies.

UNIT-V An algebraic overview of Simplex Method, solving minimization and maximization problems, case studies

Suggested Reading:

1.Shrivatsava, U.K. (2008) . construction planning and management, Galgotia Publications, New Delhi 2. Taha, H.(2002). Operations Research, wiley Int. 3. Anderson, D.R., and Sweeney, D.J. (2008). An introduction to management science, West Publishing Company, New York.

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LAB


1. Identification and description of physical properties of Minerals.

2. Identification and description of geological and geotechnical characteristics of rocks: IS Code: 1123(1975)

3. Determination of apparent specific gravity, porosity and water absorption of different rocks: IS Code: 1124(1974)

4. A) Study of structural models(folds, faults and unconformities) B) Measurement of Strike and Dip of planar features by clinometers compass.

5. Vertical electrical sounding(VES) - a field experiment to determine depth to water table and bedrock

6. Seismic refraction survey to determine depth of bedrock (demonstration only).

7. A) Determination of unconfined compressive strength of intact rocks. B) Study of topographic maps.

8. Stereoscopic examination of aerial photographs pertaining to landforms, vegetation and water bodies.

9. Study of geological maps of Andhra Pradesh and India with reference to occurrence of building stones.

10. Study of (a) Geotechnical Map of India and (b) Geomorphological Map of India.

11. Study of Hydrogeological Maps of Andhra Pradesh and India.

12. Study of Foundation Geological Maps and sections pertaining to major dam sites of India.

Note: At least 10 experiments are to be conducted.

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINNERING LABORATORY


1. Determination of alkalinity

2. Determination of total hardness

3. Determination of chlorides by volumetric analysis

4. Determination of electrical conductivity and suspended solids

5. Determination of Most Probable Number

6. Determination of optimum alum dosage

7. Determination of residual chlorine

8. Determination of BOD

9. Determination of COD

10. Determination of nitrates and ammonia in wastewater

STEEL STRUCTURES


(Note: All relevant IS codes necessary for teaching this course may be introduced and referred in detail by the Faculty concern)

UNIT-I Standard sections: Properties, selection of working stresses as per IS code. Riveted and welded joints: Riveted joints - Modes of failure and efficiency of a joint, design of lap and butt joints. Welded joints - Different types of welds, permissible stresses ; design of butt and fillet welds. Design of simple and compound beams.

UNIT-II Design of tension members and splices : permissible stresses , types of tension members , connections. Connections : Design of riveted and welded eccentric bracket connections , stiffened and unstiffened beam end connections.

UNIT-III Compression members : slenderness ratio , different forms of compression members, plain and built-up stanchions : IS formulae for design. Design of built-up columns with battens and lacing ; splicing of columns. Design of slabs and gusseted bases for columns.

UNIT-IV Roof trusses : Types of trusses for different spans , kinds of end supports, economic spacing of trusses , estimation of loads for different roofs covering , self weight of truss , wind effects , design of purlins for dead loads , live loads and wind loads . Detail design of a roof truss including joints and connections.

UNIT-V Plastic analysis : Basic principles of plastic theory of flexures , plastic modulus , shape factor , load factor , analysis of fixed beams , continuous beams and propped cantilevers with degree of redundancy not exceeding two.

Suggested reading :

1. A.S. Arya and J.L. Ajmani , Design of Steel Structures , Nem Chand Publishers 1996. 2. Ramachandra , Design of Steel Structures , Standard Book House 1992. 3. S.K. Duggal , Design of Steel Structures , Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. 2000. 4. B.C. Punmia et al , Design of Steel Structures , Laxmi Publications 2001.

WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING


UNIT-I Water resource projects : Single and multipurpose projects , general principles of irrigation water rates , components of water allocation systems , reparian rights , groundwater rights , environmental and water quality managements aspects of reservoir system operations. Storage works : Purpose , selection of sights , zones of storage , computation of storage capacity , fixation of different levels of reservoirs(LWL , FRL , MWL) , evaporation reduction techniques.

UNIT-II Dams : Classification of dams , selection of sight for dam , physical factors governing the selection of types of dams . Gravity Dams : Forces acting on a gravity dam , modes of failure and criteria for structural stability of gravity dams , principal and shear stresses , gravity method of stability analysis , elementary and practical profiles of a gravity dam , high and low gravity dams , functions and types of galleries in gravity dams , foundation treatment for gravity dams

UNIT-III Earth Dams : Types of Earth Dams , causes and failure of Earth Dams , criteria for safe design of a Earth Dam , computation of seepage from flow net , phreatic line in an Earth Dam(for homogenous sections with and without filter cases ) , design of Earth Dams to suite available materials , embankment and foundation seepage control measures.

UNIT-IV Tank Irrigation : Types , site selection , causes for the failure of tank weirs , design of tank weirs and general specifications for the construction of tank weirs. Spill Ways : Different types of spill ways , energy dissipation below spill ways , different types of spill way crest gates , stilling basin appurtenances(descriptive details only).

UNIT-V Canals : Allignment , classification of alluvial canals and their functions , regime concept of Kennedy’s and Lacey’s theories , design of canals based of Kennedy’s and Lacey’s method , use of Garrett’s diagram for the design of canals , lining of canals , methods of lining and design of lined canals.

Suggested reading :

1. Wurbs R.A. & James W.P Water Resource Engineering, Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi , 2002.

2. U.S Bureau of reclamation , Design manual for concrete gravity dams , Denver 1976. 3. U.S Army Corps of engineers , Engineers and Design , CECW - ED Publications 1995. 4. Punmia B.C and Pande Lal B.B Irrigation and water power engineering Laxmi publication

1993. 5. Garg S.K Irrigation engineering and hydraulic structures , Standard Book House.

THEORY OF STRUCTURES-II


UNIT-I Moving Loads : line of reaction , bending moment and shear force. Determination of maximum bending moment and shear force for moving load systems on simply supported girders. Curves of maximum bending moment and shear force for simply supported girders traversed , by (i)single point load, (ii)two point loads, (iii)uniformly distributed load longer than span , and (iv)uniformly distributed load shorter than span , enveloping parabola and EUDLL.

UNIT-II Elastic theory of arches : Eddy’s theorem , three hinged parabolic and segmental arches , determination of horizontal thrust , bending moment , normal thrust and radial shear for static loading , influence lines for horizontal thrust , bending moment , normal thrust and radial shear. Two hinged arches : parabolic and segmental , determination of horizontal thrust , bending moment , normal thrust and radial shear for static loading.

UNIT-III Moving loads on trusses/girders : Influence lines for forces in members of statically determinate plane framed structures under moving loads for warren girder , Pratt truss , and curved flange truss , counter bracing. Suspension bridges : Stresses in suspended loaded cables , length of cable , simple suspension bridge with 3-hinged stiffening girders for static loading. Influence lines for horizontal and vertical components of tension in the cable , tension in the cable , bending and shear force.

UNIT-IV Column analogy method : Stiffness and carry-over factors for prismatic and non-prismatic beams with stepped haunches; Analysis of fixed beams , single bay - single storeyed symmetric portal frames and closed frames.

UNIT-V Approximate methods of analysis : Analysis of portal frames by portal and cantilever methods. Graphic statistics : Line of thrust diagram for three hinged arches, influence lines for horizontal thrust, bending moment, normal thrust and radial shear in three hinged parabolic and segmental arches.

Suggested Reading:

1. S.B. Junarkar and Shah, Mechanics of structures, Charotar Pub. House, 2001. 2. D.S. Prakash Rao, Structural Analysis - A Unified Approach, University Press, 1996. 3. B.C.Punmia, Ashok Jain and Arun K. Jain, Theory of structures, Laxmi publication, 2000. 4. S.P. Gupta and G.S. Pandit, Theory of Structures, Tata McGraw Hill, 1999. 5. D.S. Prakash Rao, Graphical Methods in Structural Analysis, University Press 1997.

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING


UNIT-I Highway Alignment and Geometric Design : History of highway engineering , factors to be considered for highway alignment , engineering surveys , obligatory points , Geometric design - Highways classification as per IRC and its standard dimensions, carriageway, shoulders, medians, right of way, footpaths, cycle tracks, service roads, frontage roads, sight distance, stopping sight distance, overtaking sight distance. Camber , horizontal curves , super-elevation, transition curve , extra widening, gradient, grade compensation and design of vertical curves.

UNIT-II Traffic Engineering: Objectives of traffic studies, traffic characteristics, volume, speed, density, headways and relationship among them. Traffic volume studies, speed and delay studies, intersection delay studies, highway capacity and level of service concept as per HCM 2000, origin and destination studies, intersection improvement studies at grade, need of grade separated intersections, channelization, rotary planning and design, concept of signal design, parking and accident studies.

UNIT-III Highway Materials: Highway materials characterization-Road aggregate properties-strength, hardness toughness, abrasion, water absorption, soundness, shape and specific gravity. Bitumen properties - bitumen and tar, grade of bitumen, penetration, ductility, viscosity, softening point, flash and fire point. Cutback bitumen, emulsion, prime coat and track coat, stripping value of aggregate etc. soil classification, liquid limit and plastic limit, compaction and densities, California bearing ratio value and its significance in pavement design. Pavement Design: Pavement types, factors to be considered for pavement design, structural difference between flexible and rigid pavement design. Flexible pavement design - concept of layer theory, design wheel loads, ESWL, EALF, vehicle damage factor, design by CBR developed by US corps of engineers, IRC cumulative standard axles method( IRC - 37 : 2002). Rigid pavement design - concept, wheel load stresses analysis by westergaard. Sub-grade , dry lean concrete, radius of relative stiffness. Modulus of sub grade reaction and other characteristics of concrete, critical wheel load and temperature stresses. Longitudinal and transverse joints, contraction joints, expansion joints, construction joints, dowel bars and tie bars functions.

UNIT-IV Railway Engineering : Introduction to Railways, permanent way component parts and its functions. Rails - various types, functions, creep in rails, creep measurement, coning of wheels and rail fixations. Sleepers - various types, merits and demerits, ballast, various types and sub grade preparation. Railway alignment and geometric design - alignment , super-elevation. Negative super elevation, cant deficiency, example problems, points and crossing , layer of left and right hand turnouts. Construction and maintenance of permanent way.

UNIT-V Airport Engineering: Introduction to air transportation, history and international organizations role in development of airports, air craft types and its characteristics. General lay-out of an airport and its component parts. Site selection of an airport as per ICAO, orientation of runway by wind rose diagrams, basic runway length determination, corrections to basic runway length, geometric design, types as per landing & take-off and dimensions.

Suggested Reading:

1. Khanna, S.K and Justo, C.E.G (1994), “Highway Engineering”, Nemchand & Bros, New Delhi, India.

2. Mcshane, W.R.,Roess, R.P and Prassas, E.S., Traffic Engineering, Patience Hall. Englewood Cliffs, 1997.

3. Highway Capacity Manual, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council. Washington D.C., 2000.

4. Khanna S.K. Arora, M.G and Jain S.S. (1994) “Airport Planning and Design” Fifth edition. Nem Chand & Bros, Roorkeee, India.

5. Chandra, S and Agarwal, M.M. (2007) “Railway Engineering” Oxford Higher Education, University Press, New Delhi.

6. Relevant IRC and IS codes.

SOIL MECHANICS


UNIT-I Origin and classification of soils - Soil as a pseudo-elastic three phase particulate medium Physical Properties of Soils : Weight ratios (Water content, Density, Unit weights, Specific Gravity) ; Volume ratios (void ratio, porosity, degree of saturation, relative density) ; Inter-relationships. Laboratory tests for determination of Index properties. Classification and Identification of soils for general and Engineering purposes as per IS : 1498-1970.

UNIT-II Soil moisture states. Capillarity in Soils : Surface tension and capillary rise in soil, Capillary tension, Capillary pressure, PF value. Permeability of Soils : Darcy’s law for flow through soils - validity of Darcy’s Law - Factors affecting permeability - Laboratory tests for determination of co-efficient of permeability (constant head, variable head permeability tests)- Field tests( pumping in and pumping out tests)- Equivalent permeability of stratified soils. Seepage of Soils : Seepage flow, seepage pressure - Flow nets - Locating phreatic line in a homogenous earthen dam using kogeny’s parabola - computation of seepage quantity. Stress in Soils : Total effective and neutral stress. Quick Sand Phenomena : Critical Hydraulic gradient, Remedial measures.

UNIT-III Compaction Process : Compaction mechanism; factors affecting compaction. Laboratory determination of compaction characteristics-standard and modified Proctor tests - IS Light and Heavy compaction tests; Field surface compaction : compaction equipment, procedure, quality control. Consolidation Process : Spring analogy - Void ratio and effective stress (e Vs logP) relationship - Terazaghi’s theory of one dimensional consolidation - assumptions and derivation of GDE - Computation of magnitude of settlement (using Cc , mv) and rate of settlement (Cv , Tv , d ).

UNIT-IV

Shear Strength : Significance of Shear strength in soils - Mohr-Coulomb equation - shear parameters - Laboratory tests for determination of shear strength - Direct shear test, Tri-axial shear test, Un-confined compression test, Vane shear test. Factors affecting shear strength of cohesion-less and cohesive soils.

UNIT-V Earth Pressure : States of Earth Pressure-active, passive, at rest condition ; Rankline’s theory : computation of active and passive Earth Pressure in c-less and c- Φ soils ; Coulomb’s Wedge theory : Rehban’s graphical solution : stability of Earth retaining gravity wall. Slope Stability : Definition and classification of slope-types of slope failure-Factors of safety with respect to cohesion, angle of shearing resistance, Height - Analysis of stability of slope using Swedish slip circle method and Taylor’s stability number.

Suggested Reading:

1. Lambe, T.W and Whitman, R.V., “Soil Mechanics”, John Wilsey & Sons Inc., NY,1969. 2. Venkatramaiah, C., “Ge0-technical Engineering”, New Age Publishers, revised third edition,

2006. 3. Murthy, V.N.S., “Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering”, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, 2006. 4. Arora, K.R., “Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering”, Standard Publishers

Distributors, revised and enlarged sixth edition, 2007. 5. Relevant IS Codes.

SOIL MECHANICS LABORATORY


DETERMINATION OF INDEX PROPERTIES:

1. Determination of Specific Gravity of Soil solids using “Density Bottle” method. 2. Determination of Specific Gravity of Soil solids using “Pycnometer” method. 3. Determination of water content using “Pycnometer” method. 4. Determination of Liquid limit using Casgrande’s standard LL device. 5. Determination of Liquid limit using Cone Penetration apparatus. 6. Determination of Plastic limit. 7. Sieve Analysis for plotting Particle size distribution curve. 8. Determination of Field Density using Sand Replacement Method.

DETERMINATION OF ENGINEERING PROPERTIES:

9. Determination of Compaction Characteristics. 10. Determination of Coefficient of Permeability by “Constant Head Permeameter Test” 11. Determination of Coefficient of Permeability by “Variable Head Permeameter Test” 12. Determination of Shear Strength parameters by “Direct Shear Test” 13. Determination of Shear Strength of Cohesive soils by “Unconfined Compression test” 14. Determination of Shear Strength by conducting “Vane Shear Test”

DETERMINATION OF TEST PROCEDURES:

15. Consolidometer Test 16. Tri-axial Shear Test 17. Laboratory Plate Load Test 18. Reverse Osmosis Test 19. Quick Sand Model 20. Cyclic Tri-axial Shear Apparatus

Suggested Reading:

1. Relevant IS Codes of Practice. 2. Lambe, T.W., “Soil Testing for Engineers”, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, 1969. 3. Relevant ASTM Codes of Practice.

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING LABORATORY


A. Tests on Bitumen 1. Penetration Test 2. Ductility Test 3. Softening Point Test 4. Specific Gravity Test 5. Viscosity Test 6. Flash and Fire Point Test

B. Tests on Road Aggregates 7. Aggregate Crushing Value Test 8. Los Angeles Abrasion Test 9. Aggregate Impact Value Test 10. Aggregate Shape Test (flakiness & elongation) 11. Specific Aggregate 12. Water Absorption 13. Soundness

C. Experiments on Traffic 14. Traffic Volume Study (a) at mid section (b) at intersection 15. Spot Speed Study 16. Speed and Delay Study 17. Origin and Destination Study

D. Miscellaneous Tests (demonstration only) 18. Marshal Stability Test 19. Determination of C.B.R 20. Preparation of representative sample by coning and quartering 21. Benkelman Beam Test 22. Bitumen Extraction Test 23. Stripping Value Test 24. Stone polishing Value Test

Suggested Readings:

1. Relevant IS and IRC Codes of Practice. 2. Relevant ASTM and AASHTO Codes of Practice. 3. Khanna, S.K and Justo, C.E.G., Highway Material Testing (laboratory manual). Nem Chand

Bros, Roorkee (2000).

reinforced cement concrete

Documents

Transcript of reinforced cement concrete