RC Newcomb and D, H, Hart Open-file report

UNITED STATESDEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF THE KLAMATH

RIVER BASIN, OREGON

By

R. C. Newcomb and D, H, Hart

Open-file report; subject to revision*

Prepared in cooperation with the Oregon State Engineer, the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, and the California Division of Water Resources

July 1958

? > t: .l- V. I'

UNITED STATESDEPAHTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

GECI,OGICAt, SURVEY

PRELIMINAEY REPORT ON THE GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OP THE KLAHAIH

RICTSR BASIN, OREGON

ByR* C* Newcomb and B* H. Hart

Open-file report; subject to revision.

Prepared in cooperation with the Oregon State Engineer, the U. S» Bureau of Reclamation, and the California Division of Water Resources

July 1958

CONTENTS

Page

Abstract .**.*«**«**.«,«,,.**«,,«.. 1

Introduction **.. ».»*...*..,*,* *« 5

Purpose and organization of the investigation . * « . 5

Geography and general physiography of the basin * * 6

Size and shape of the basin *. *** *« * 6

Hocks composing the basin ......» «..« 7

Drainage .*. **.».«*«*»»**** «* 8

Surface water ..*. *».**...,.. 8

Ground water .*«««.** ***»*.*.«» 10

Population and settlement «, ««..«.« ... 11

Vegetation ,. ***. ..»...*»* **** 12

Climate * ....................... 13

Precipitation .**.*.»« ..«»* ** * 13

Temperature «*»* ****... * .*» lii

Evaporation . *..«.» »** »**»«« 15

Well-numbering system ...*«. »* « **. 15

Acknowledgments ..* *..«** ***»** 16

Occurrence of the ground water .*.**.** *.* 1?

Geologic setting *.. «.* ** *«** * 17

General occurrence of the rock units .«..«** 17

Stratigraphy ....*....* * .*.«. 19

Pre-Tertiary rocks ...** *«** *« 19

Umpqua formation *«* .*** .** 19

Volcanic rocks of western Cascades ...... 19

Occurrence of ground water - Continued

Geologic setting - Continued

Stratigraphy - Continued

Volcanic rocks of high Cascades ....... 20

Intrusive rocks ...*........... 23

Volcanic lava rocks of Quaternary age * * « . 23

Pumice of Quaternary age ..*.««.«.» 21*

Alluvium ........ .........* 25

Tectonic structure of the rocks ......... 27

General situation of the f&amath River basin area ........ ........ 2?

Block faulting ............... 27

Characteristics of the aquifers ......... 29

Lower lava rocks .............. 29

Upper lava rocks .............. 30

Alluvium of Quaternary age ......... 30

Pumice of Quaternary age .......... 31

Hydrologic conditions ................... 31

Shape and extent of the principal ground-water bodies 31

Ground water of the Klamath Marsh area *.*«.« 32

Ground water of the Sprague River valley . . . . . 33

Ground water of the slope of the Cascade Range » . 3k

Ground water of the Lost River drainage system . . 35>

Some hydraulic characteristics of ground water .... 36

Discharge of ground water ............... 37

ii

Page

Occurrence of ground water - Continued

Hydrologic conditions - Continued

Discharge of the ground water * Continued

Source «**»*,**«««**« * * 37

Quantity .... ......... ..* 38

Recharge to the ground water * * * **«*» WL

Relation of ground water to basin runoff » . * « hk

Use of the ground water ....,,..*. .,* *» h6

Irrigation . . .««»** **** **»»»** 1*6

PubXicrisiipply ,,, ...**«.******.«** W

Dome s;oixi .Supply ,;..........*..-..** li?

SadNist^fal-"supply »' *»*- *^ tf . .*.».....** 1*8

Total 'withdrawal ; olP^ground water . * * * ** W

Potential -for future de^relopneBt *,» ^9

Quality of the ground water ....««..,....*.* $0

General-dharacter of-the waier-.«*-. .. *... * 50

Water of poor Quality ,.; * ** *« 50

Important irdnor Chirac Eristics of th$-ground water . « 51

Boron .«.,,.. .........*..«* 51

Fluoride . *.***»,*«. * *« * 51

Iron ....................... 52

Gaseous constituents ..«.. *** .*.. 52

Temperature ,.«,«,* ,,,.,«,.«* * 53

Records for wells, springs, and chemical quality of water . 5U

References cited . ««.»»... » .* * *.*

iii

ILLUSTRATIONS

Following page

Plate 1. Map of Oregon showing area coveredby this investigation ........ 1

2* Map of the Klamath River basin, Oregon shewing location cf representative wells and springs (in k parts) . . . In pocket

3. Geologic map of the Klamath Riverbasin, Oregon (in k parts) . . . . . In pocket

U* Precipitation at Klamath Falls during climatic years ending September 30 of each year, 1905-53 » 13

5* Average monthly rainfall at fourstations in the Klamath River basinand average monthly evaporationat Medford .............. 13

6,7,8.Hydrographs of eight observation wellsin the Klamath River basin ...... i(3

9. Discharge of Spring Creek and BigSpring Creek compared with accumulated deviation of yearly precipitation from normal at Chiloquin , V . V: » ; * . Wt

10. Discharge of Fort Creek, Crooked Creek, and Wood River compared with accurcu- lated deviation of yearly precipitation from normal at Klamath Falls . « . . . U5

iv

TABLES

Table 1, Representative wells in the KlamathRiver basin *,.**,«...* «* 56

2. Materials penetrated by representativewells in the Klamath River basin ...... 176

3. Representative springs in the KlamathRiver basin . *,,««.* «.*«»* 220

iu Chemical analyses of ground water inthe Klamath River basin ........... 236

f>. Discharge measurements of streams andsprings in the Klamath River basin , . . . .

6. Measurements of depth to water below landsurface in observation wells, 195&-56 * « 2li3

PRELIMINARY REPORT' ON THE G&OTO4MBR RESOURCES OP THE KUmTH ROVER BASIN, OREGON. . ..

By

R. "C. Newcomb and t). H. Hart

The Klamath River basin, including the adjacent Lost River basin,

includes about 5, £00 square miles of plateaus, mountain-slopes and

valley plains in south -central Oregon* The valley plains range in

altitude from about 1*,100 feet in the south to more than U,J>00 feet

at the northern end 5 the mountain and plateau lands rise to an average

altitude of 6,000 feet at the drainage divide, some peaks rising above ; "*!

9,000 feet. The western quarter of the basin is on the eastern slope

of the Cascade Range and the remainder consists of plateaus, mountains,

and valleys of the basin-and -range type*

The rocks of the Klamath River basin range in age from Recent to

Me so zoic. At the southwest side of the basin in Oregon, pre-Tertiary

raetaraorphic, igneous, and sedimentary rocks, which form extensive areas

farther west, are overlain by sedimentary rocks of Eocene age and volcanic

rocks of Eocene and Oligocene age. These early Tertiary rocks dip ''east

toward the central part of the Klamath River basin, the complex "volcanic

rocks of high Cascades" include three units: The lowest unit consists of

a sequence of basaltic lava flows about 800 f eet thick; the medial unit is

composed of volcanic-sedimentary and sedimentary rocks the Yonna formation-

200 to 2,000 feet thick; the uppermost unit is a sequence of basaltic lava» ' . , , ' * "

flows commonly about 200 feet thick. These rocks dip east from the Cascade

Unpublished records subject to revision

2

Range and are the main bedrock formations beneath most of the basin.

Extensive pumice deposits* which emanated from ancestral Mount Mazama,

cover large areas in the northwestern part of the basin*

The basin has an overall synclinal structure open to the south at

the California boundary where it continues as the Klamath Lake basin in

California* The older rocks dip into the basin in monoclinal fashion

from the adjoining drainage basins* The rooks are broken along rudely

rectangular nets of closely spaced normal faults, the most prominent

set of which trends northwest* The network of fault displacements

includes two main grabens, the Klarmth and the LangeH, which were

downthrown approximately 500 and 1,000 fest, respectively.

The average annual precipitation varies with the altitude, the

higher parts of the Cascade Range getting more than 60 inches, and

the semiarid valley plains receive as little as 13 inches in some places.

Most precipitation occurs in the winter. .

The principal tributaries, Williamson and Sprague Rivers, rise near

the higher parts of the eastern rim of the basin, flow through narrow

valley plains to the weotem part, and discharge into Upper Klaraath Lake.

Wood River and associated creeks also empty into Upper Klamath Lake after

draining southward along the eastern foot of the Cascade Range* The

Klamath River receives the outflow from Upper Klamath Lake, via Lihk

River and Lake Ewauna, and flows southwestward through Keno Gap and

hence through a youthful canyon, to its lower valley

SB California.

The ground water occurs largely in an unconfined, or water-table,

condition, though areas of local confinement are present* The regional

Unpublished records subject to revision.

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is graded to water table / a base level about equal to that of the major drainage.

.?: : . : , i- -.; ; :-.* .where wa£©jris- confined, on the valley plains. The slope of the water tafele, az/the piezometric

surface is downstream at about the same grade as that of the surface

drainage in each of the larger valleys, and ground^water divides occur

between the upper parts of adjacent major valleys* The principal water

bearing units are the lower lava rocks and upper lava rocks of the

"volcanic rocks of high Cascades,* the pumice of Quaternary age, and

the alltiviura. In places layers of coarse fragmental material in the

lonna formation (Newcomb, 1958) also transmit water. The water-bearing

units, especially the breccia layers of the lava rocks and the pumice,

yield large amounts of water to wells and provide natural discharge

outlets for the ground water.

The spring outflows to the WiHiamson and Wood Rivers-Crooked

Creek drainage, measured in September and October 1955, were at a rate

equivalent to about 700,000 acre-feet per year* The spring outflows

into the Sprague River were at a rate equal to 2li5,000 acre-feet per

year* Large springs occur along the edges of Upper Klamath Lake but

their discharges could not be measured, and the known spring discharge

from the lower lava rocks in the river canyon below Keno was not

measured. The spring discharge into Lost River in the reach from

Bonanza to Harpold Bridge was at a rate equivalent to 75,000 acre-feet

per year.

Much of the water discharged from springs is used for irrigation

during the growing season, but ground water has not been extensively


developed *# mms^of wells except in 1&e 'toma faliey -and other

local areas, the total withdrawal of ground water from wells in

195U was only about 30,000 acre-feet, of which 27,000 was used for

irrigation.

The ground water is of excellent quality in general, but sodium

sulfate water occurs in the belts of warm rock along some faults

and alkali bicarbonate water is present in the main evapotranspiration

basins.


> V : Purpose and Organigatj.o^ at the Investigation >, -..»>.- - 1 ;

. The iintestigation was requested by the. agencies and commissions ,

charged with the administration and development of,water resources in

Oregon and California. Its main objectives were?

1* Recognition and inyentory p£ the ground-water,contributions

,. . to the surface water in the Klamath Basin and any significant

.. ... diversions, of,surface;water .to -toe ground-water,reservoirs,

. ,as well ;as Bi@iificant .diversions of water from or into. /

the basin through percolation of ground,water*.- ;.

2. Recognition of the principal factors governing the ground-water

regimen and the water resources available for development*

3. Collection of geologic and hydrologic information'pertinent

to the development and use of the ground-water resources*

Hie funds were supplied from the Geological Surveyfs cooperative

program with the Oregon Staie Engineer, by transfer from the U. S«

Bureau of Reclamation, and from the Geological Survey^ cooperative

program with the California Division of Mater Resources.

The available data were collected on significant wells, including

all irrigation and large public-supply or industrial wells* The larger

springs were studied and their yields determined, chiefly by measurement

. . . .. ^ . .- , -. - - Unpublished records subject to revision

of the effluent streams* The geologic fabric of the basin was determined

by reconnaissance mapping aad checking of existing geologic maps, such

as those of Crater Lake Park and the lonna-Swmn Lake valleys* Th^ field

work m* carried «a charing the Oapt 6 months of

The base map used, for plates 2 and 3 was compiled by piecing

together parts from nine different maps* The horizontal control was

founded on the map of the Klaraath Protective District* Lack of time and

finances precluded construction of a better finished base. Plans for

later revision and publication of this Report foresee tile use of

topographic quadrangle maps now in preparation or in planning stage*

Geography and General Ftysjflgyi^^

Size and Shape of the Basin

The drainage basin of the Klamath River in Oregon comprises about

square miles* The main part of the basin is roughly equidimen-

sional, extending northward as much as 90 miles from latitude 1*2°, the

Oregon-California boundary* and westward an average of about 80 miles

from longitude 120oli5f . The basin contains parts of two main physio*

graphic divisions of the United States the northwest corner of the

Basin and Hange province and a part of the Sierra-Cascade province

CFenneman,. 1931)*

The headwaters of the Klamath River gather mainly from the east,

north* and west. On the east, streams drain a complex terrain of plateau,

butte, mountain, and canyon lands that slope up from the valley-floor

levels of about It, 200 feet to reach altitudes of about 6,000 feet. Many


buttes and mountains rise still higher* Hie -highest:

Mountain and Yamsay Mountain, reach altitudes of 8,36k feet and. 8,100 feet

respectively. The northern part of the^basin is similar to the eastern

part but is loner* The plateaus .'and^jaauntainc*. «ueh as those making up

the TifelkerRim. district,, have a general al$iteide~ of^$$500 feet *ad «. > s..

maximum of ?,0?8 feet. on Walker Mountain* The western part of the basin, .*.* »'. * t," . .,

is formed by the more abrupt slope of the Cascade Mountains, and in . ***. .' ' *'

general, south of Mount Mc&oughlln, by -fee southeast- and south-sloping

plateaus that comprise that part of the Central Cascade Mountains section

(Fenneman) where the true crest of the Cascades is less definite* The

drainage divide in the Cascade Mountains occurs at a common altitude of

about 6, i>00 feet. with many eminences rising. abovo that - level, Mountr, ' * t ' .' ;,'.'.

McLoughlin reaches 9,?60 feet1 and Mount .Jhielsan, 9A?3«fee^-

The drainage divide separates the Klaroath River watershed from

that of the Rogue River on the west, the Deschutes River on the north,

and Goose Lake, or the Pitt River, on the east.

. Rocks Composing the Basin '

The uplands are composed almost entirely of volcanic rocks, mostly

basaltic and andesitic lava flows* The floors of the valley plains are

formed across alluvial fill which covers downthrown or downwarped blocks

of the bedrock* Several valleys, notably the Sprague River and Tonna

Valleys, are partly erosional surfaces cut across the soft tuffs and

diatomaeeous strata of the Yonna formation. . .

^published records subject to revision

8

Drainage

Surface Wateri

Itoe valley plains are imperfectly connected \sy a rudely integrated

drainage system which culminates downstream in the Klamath River proper*

The Williamson River, the principal hteadwafcer stream, rises in a spring

sione in the SEj sec* it, T. 33 S*, R« 11 £« While flowing northward for

16 miles, it receives the inflow from several springs and from Deep and

Jackson Creeks, which drain the west side of Tamsay Mountain, and from

Jack Creek, which drains the northeastern part of the basin* It then

turns westward and flows about h miles across a pumice plain to the

northeastern end of the Klamath Marsh. In Klamath Marsh it receives

the inflow of Big Spring Creek and other smaller creeks* Two of these,

Scott and Sand Creeks, drain from the east side of Mount Mazaraa, the

mountain in which Crater Lake is situated. From Klamath Harsh the

Williamson River flows over a lava-rock rim near Kirk, descending about

300 feet in 5> miles, and continues south where it discharges into Tapper

Klamath Lake after receiving the Spring Creek and Sprague River inflows

(see pi* 2).

The north and south forks of the-Sprague liver rise on the flanks of

Gearhart Mountain at the eastern side of the basin and join about h ,

miles northwest of HLy to form the main river* After flowing through

toe Beatty Gap# the Sprague River is joined by the Sycan River from

the north. Several creeks and springs enter the river as it flows an

airline distance of 2f> miles westward, through the lowland known as

the Sprague River valley, to its confluence with the Williamson River

near Chiloquin. The ¥bod River and Sevenmile Creek separately * drain


southward into Agency Lake, which is a northern lobe, of Dfcqper Klamath

Lake now nearly separated by the encroachment of the delta of the

Williamson River, .

Along the western side of Upper JOLamatfa Lake, several creeks ..<**> ^ .

including'Threemile, Cherry, Rock, Fourmile, and Rocky Creeks ea$*r

from the Cascade slope* The surface of Upper Klamath Lake stands near

U,lliO ft in altitude but varies several feet and is controlled in part,

for power generation and irrigation, by a dam in the outlet trench* .

The outflow from Upper Klamath Lake is through Link River, a short,

narrow, rockbound trench which descends about 1*0 ft to the small lake

known as Lake Ewauna. Out of Lake Ewatina the main stem of the Klamath

River flows along the northwest side of the extensive lowland known asand marsh

Klamath Valley and the wide playa/known as Lower Klamath Lake, to pass

over lava-rock ridges near Keno at an altitude of about it,0|?0 feet* The river

descends through a deep youthful canyon below Keno and crosses into the

State of California at an altitude of about 2,?5>0 feet. Below Keno*.

Spencer Creek drainage enters the river and Jenny Creek flows . .

south to-«nter the river in Calif ornia*

The Lost River basin is a separate river basin, but because

use of its-water for irrigation is so greatly integrated with

that of the KUmath River, and,'because in part it occupies the same

structural basin, it is included in'this paper as part of the Klamath

Basin in Oregon* The headwaters of the Lost River gather in the mountains "

and plateaus forming the youthful topography athwart the Oregon-California

line east..- «of.. , the Klamath Valley and Tule Lake basin* Barnes Creek

rises on the plateaus at the eastern edge of the drainage basin, Miller

if *> *' * /- ; " * ; " *t*" *"- * *, *" « JL* . ,\ - ' * v»J

. m . . - -. ift^ufelisned records subject to revision

10

Creek flows from the escarpment of the Oerber Rim (where Drainage .. -

is collected in the fault graben occupied by Gerber Reservoir), and

Clear Creek forms on the plateaus east of Tule Lake basin in California.

There are storage reservoirs on the tributaries, the outflow of which Us used

mainly for Irrigation* Through Olene Gap the Xost River enters the

KLamatfe Valley at an altitude of about fc,100 feet and flows south arcmnd

the east side to discharge into Tule Lake, a lake-sump whose bed stands

about \j$ feet below: the f&bor of Lower Klamath Lake, from which it is

separated by narrow fault ridges*

Ground Water

Part of the precipitation that infiltrates to the regional ground-waterperched

body .and to local /, bodies reaches the surface streams from a few large

springs, from a great number of medium-sized springs, and rarely, from

a great number of small seepage springs* The upland areas contain

thousands of small springs which represent local infiltration that has

become perched upon less permeable layers of rock and brought laterally

to the slope on which it emerges* So common is the occurrence of such

small springs that the uplands of even the drier sections of the basin

are relatively well watered for stock. The discharge from this type of

small spring commonly occurs above the regional water table ami does not

reach a stream before again Infiltrating or being consumed by evapo-

transpiration. Where the volume of saturated rock is larger and

infiltration recharge more abundant, medium-sized springs emerge in

places that are at the level of the perched or the regional water table*

Such springs commonly discharge fifty to several hundred gallons a minute


11

and contribute to the flow of many of the ..streams*

The main outlets for the ground water occur where valleys-

intersect both the regional water table and highly permeable

rocks. Most such outlets commonly releaselarge flows ranging from 10 .

to more than 300 cubic feet of water per second* Suck, large spring

flows emerge in the lowland reached of most of the larger streams and in fee spring

the lakes. There/discharges form a large, part of the base flow of

the KLaraath River, The magnitude and sources of several mush springs .

are .described in detail beyond. .. , - .

Population and Settlement * * ' ' '. f .

The valley plains and the adjacent slopes of the valleys are

farmed, grazed, or occupied by lakes and reservoirs* Extensive

settlement of the region is limited to the low-lying valley plains^

Minor settlements exist near' recreational areas, lumbering operations,

and livestock asanching units in the higher jfiistricts. w

Klamath Falls, with a population of 15,875* is the largest city, and is

followed by Merrill (835), Malin (592), Keno, and smaller towns in the

main Klamath and Tule Lake' valleys; by Bonanza (259) and Dairy' in Tonna

Valley of the Lost River basinj by"Chiloquin_(668), Ely, Beatty* and

Sprague River (town) in the Sprague and Williamson River valleys, and

by Ghemult at the northern limits of the basin*


12

Vegetation

Except for the valley plains, a few dry hillsides, and some

mountain meadows and marshes, the whole basin is forested. Ponderosa

pine, Douglas fir, lodgepole pine, sugar pine, hemlock, and cedar are

idle main types of trees. Different types are predominant in certain

environments ** the Douglas fir, hemlock, and cedar are on the cool,

damp slopes of the Cascade Range, the lodgepole pine on the pumiceous

soils of the northwestern part of the basin* and the.ponderosa pine and

sugar pine in the districts of intermediate moisture and altitude, where

the bedrock soils are at or near the surface*

The brushy types of vegetation also vary with toe altitttde,

soil, and moisture conditions* Slick-leafed buck brushes, mountain

laurel, mountain mahogany, bitterbrush, shadscale each predominates in

certain environment* There are only minor amounts of sagebrush such as

predominates in the Oregon plateaus to the east of the KLamath Basin*

The principal farm crops are irrigated, but some dryland grain is

grown, largely on the higher parts of the valley plains* The main

crops are hay (both alfalfa and grass), grains, potatoes, and forage

grasses*


13

Precipitation

Tftere are long-term cyclic variations in the amount of rainfall,

though these are but partly shown in the 51-^ear record accumulated to»'«'"' .. ' ' *

date (see pi. !*) The annual rainfall cycle in the Klamath Basin is

characterized by the variation common to most of the Pacific Northwest "* ' . r .- . . '

a dry summer and fall with most of the moisture coming in the winter

months* A secondary, or minor, rainy period commonly occurs in June*

The amount of moisture falling at any place is in direct relation to the

altitude, though that rule has some exceptions* In general, the higher

parts of the Cascade slope receive the most precipitation (60.U inches

shown for Crater lake on pi* 5), while other high points such as Qearhart

Mountain, Tamsay Mountain, and Walker Rim may receive but slightly smaller

amounts* Though records are inadequate for a conclusive statement, it

appears that precipitation also may be progressively less to the east» - . ' *

within the basin* Die least precipitation is recorded on the lowest

valley plains, where the following annual average amounts have been

computed from the weather records for the climatic years shown* Klamath

Palls, 190548, 12.92 inches* Tonna, 1908-1*8, 13*35 inches! CMloquin, * ' T-. ' ' ' ' '

1912-U8, 16,£l inches (Meyers and Newcomb, 1952)* Much of the winter

precipitation comes as snow, and the'proportion is progressively greater

with increased altitude* The valley plains seldom receive an accumulation

of more than a foot of snow, but depths of 5 to 10 feet are built up on

the higher uplands by spring of most years* The lowland snow is commonly

gone by April but the upland snow on the north slopes and shady locations

may persist well into the sAaBfBner, .and;on; a few of the higher parts of


Ill

the Cascade Mountains some snow accumulations melt away in only the

warmest summers, like those of 1952 and 1953*

Temperature

The basin has warm, dry summers and cool, more humid winters. On

the valley plains the warmest weather usually occurs in July* and the

coldest in January. For the period 192U-W at the Yonna station the

highest monthly average temperature for July was 65*7° F and the lowest

roonthly average temperature for January was 27*3° F, The respective

temperatures for the same period at the Chiloquin station were 61*1° F

for July and 26.2° F for January* The average annual temperatures for

these years were 1*6 F at Yonna and U3° F at Chiloquin (Meyers and

Newcomb, 1952)*

Hie average ptfwing season, which is commonly taken as the period

of no subfreezing temperatures, varies in length with local conditions

such as altitude, air drainage, and exposure to sunshine* During the

years 192U-U8 the frost-free period at Tonna averaged 103 days (June 3

to September 13) but ranged from 175 days in 19i|0 to less than 30 days

in 1930, Such a 103-day season may be about average for the valley

plains of the Klamath Basin in Oregon, but it is common belief that

the growing season of the lowlands lengthens progressively southward

with the decrease in altitude in the basin*

Unpublished records subject to

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AT F<tUR ; STATIONS INMT --.-T -.--.-- _ -~^~- j --,- -r -i--r-»

APORATIC^._...._?AM

Evaporation

The nearest station at which a record of evaporation has been kept

is Medford, at 1*1*00 feet altitude in the Bogoe Biver basin. 5$ wiles

west of Klamath Falls* Average annual evaporation from a class A Heather

Bureau'pan at Medford for the period 1910-48 was about i& inches (pi, 5)*

This figure way be low for : tHe Klamath River basin, but monthly distrib

ution of'evaporation at the two stations probably is comparable,

A series of lysimeter and evaporation experiments by the U". S** '

Bureau of Reclamation in 1909 is reported (Henshaw, 1912, p.' 17-18)

to have yielded records which show that transpiration from the tules" and evaporation

/together, at an area on Lower Klamath Lake, consumed water<equivalent, . of k, 78 feet of water over, .the area

to a depth/' during the *> months, May to September* Presumably the

evaporation exceeds 1*6 inches'per year in most parts of the Klamath

River basin and in places may even reach or exceed $0 inches*

WeH*flumbering System __ ^» ' t MMMMMMMMHqpHMHMPMMMMHHMMM*' '

In this.report each well and spring is designated by a symbol

which indicates its location according to the official rectangular

survey of public lands* For example, the symbol "37/HJH3Q." refers tor s.

a well (or spring) in sec. 2, T. 37 S*, R. llj E* The letter "H11 after

the section number refers to a UO-acre subdivision of the section

according to the following diagram, and the number "1" to the first

D

E

M

N

C

P

L

P

B

G

K

Q

A

H

J

R

16

well (or spring) visited in that particular iiO-acre tract. The

townships in which wells and springs are located are all south of the

Willamette baseline and the ranges are all east of the Willamette prime

meridian,

Acknowledgments

Help In the collection of well data was supplied by the following

well drillers8 John Van Meter, Storey Bros*, Hartley Bros*, W. L, Eartley

& son, C« V. Enloe, and Vochatzer Bros. NTS. Jack Wilson supplied data

from the records of the late 'Jack Wilson*

The Klaroath Protective District, through the State of Oregon Board

of Forestry, supplied the map used as horizontal control for the prepar

ation of plates 2 and 3. The Bureau of Indian Affairs furnished the,

topographic map of the Klamath Indian Reservation* The tf* S» Forest

Service furnished maps and aerial |ihotos of the National Forest lands*

Some data on ground water were made available by the Bureau of Reclamation*

Well owners and'otherewsre wholeheartedly cooperative with efforts to

collect the ground-water data. : - ^


17

OCCURRENCE OF THE GROUND WATER

c' Settin

General Occtttrence of the look Ifeits

Esstentially all the consolidated rodcs of the basin are volcanic

and volcanic'sedirnentary tyfyes -except those i» a relatively small area

in the Jenny Creek region at the basin's southwest corner, where older

metamorphic, igneous, and sedinerrfcary rooks occur. The distribution of

the main rock groups is shown on plate 3.

The series of old lava flows called "volcanic rocks of Western

Cascades" (Callaghan and Buddington, 1938, pl« l), shown by the symbol

"Two" on plate '3C, dips generally eastward along the west slope of

the Cascade Mountains and passes beneath the overlying "volcanic rooks

of high Cascades" (idem, pi* 1). The ; volcanic rooks of high Cascades

continue eastward into the Klaraath Basin, where they constitute the

greater part of the bedroW fet ftntt near the earth *s surface.

The volcanic rocks of high Cascades in the-Klamath Basin consist

of two types: {!} a basaltic lava rook and sedimentary series that

occurs over most of the basin, and (2) an aztdesitic lava rook that'

apparently lacks the sedimentary units. ' The >andesitic unit occurs in

the Walker Rim 'and in the Cascade Mountains slope west of Chemult at

the north end of the basin* The relations -between the andesitic type

and the basaltic type ("Tea" and "Tcu" respectively on pl» 3) were not

determined! the dashed line separating the two and the arbitrary

boundary beneath the Quaternary materials near Crater Lake on plate 3

are only approximations of their contact, which may, instead, be a wide

transitional zone in which the two types of volcanic rook interfinger.

'" " '. BnpiiblJished records subject to revision

18

The basaltic rock is the principal bedrock and strongly influences

the ground-water regimen in much of the basin. The rock unit is described

in mdre detail below* The andesitic rock is believed to be far less

permeable than the basalt and to transmit a great deal less ground water.

The classification "volcanic rocks of Quaternary ag«n include many

youthful cinder cones and lava flows that are younger than the tapperstost

of the rocks distinguished as the" volcanie rocks of high Cascades -

in the Klamath Basin* The youthful lava flows, cinder oones, and

pyroclastic deposits are designated by the symbol ttQv" on plate 3,

though undoubtedly a great many additional occurrences were not distin

guished from the younger parts of the underlying volcanic rocks of high

Cascades* The vast pumice fields, of airborne and flow pondca identified

by the symbol MQp" on plate 3, are shown largely as mapped by Sowell

Williams (I9li2). Mapping of the pumice as a unit separate from the other

volcanic rocks of Quaternary age is desirable because of its special

significance to the occurrence of some of the ground water, .

The alluvial deposits that underlie some of the valley plains

consist largely of fine-grained clastic material, peat, volcanio ash,

and reworked pumice, Many of the smaller areas of alluvium in the

upland meadow* are not shown on plate 3*


19

Stratigraphy

Pre«ffertfery rooks* « Me tanwrphic, .igneous,- and sedimentary rooks

of Mesozoic and -earlier age drop out.in.-fche southwest corner of the basin*

These rooks are napped and described in a previous work (Welle, 1039)*

They are essentially tight, non-water-bearing rocks and, except for

the overlying soil: zones, do not accept or store significant Quantities

of water, .. - \ . - . .-

ftnpqua f ormation* ~» Dipping eastward off the east side of the ,

pre-Tertiary rocks is a sedi»ea«ary fotroation of Eocene age known

as the Urapqua formation* It is exposed in only about 3 square miles of

this basin but is much more extensively exposed farther north in the

Rogue River basin and farther south in the KLamath River valley in :

California* The sandstone, shale, and conglomerate of this formation .

are tight and generally not .water bearing; moreover, $h«- ground water

present contains a relatively large amount of dissolved solids and is

of poor quality particularly . - below the first 100 feet in deptfc ,

Extensive data on the ground-water characteristics of the ^5>qua

formation and older rocks in the Rogue River basin have been collected

in a -^tudy of "that basin, .<-...* .. . ^

Volcanic . rocks of Western Cascades, *-. A broad belt of |»rtly altered

lava flows and interbedded tuffs extends in. a north-south direction along

the west Slope of the Cascade Mountains in the Rogue River basin* The

rocks crop out in the southwestern part of the Klama-th River basin and

continue more extensively " In the KLamath River valley in California

("Trow" on pi* 3)* The members ofrthe unit are «Lg|it and generally

20

are not water bearing* Apparently the flows and interbedded tuffs were

unusually tight and nonporous when they originally solidified, and

subsequent low-degree alterations along with tectonic deformation and

some intricate shearing have left ttrem relatively impermeable. Both

the low permeability and the eastward dip beneath the overlying rocks

that extend into the Klaroath Basin are of importance to the ground-

water situation in the Klamath Basin* The volcanic rooks of Western

Cascades are exposed in the Rogue River basin for a thickness of 3*©00

to 5,000 feet and dip 10° to 30° eastward (Wells, 19l;2). They continue

the general eastward dip in the Klaraath Basin and they crop out on the

slopes aVprogressively lower altitudes east»ard^ :being exposed in tfce

lowest 200 oi*300 feet of th& Ktattath River canyon in,Oregon*

Volcanic rocks of High Cascades* - Ibis unit, whose name originated

with Callagfran and Buddington (3JB8), includes two types of rock in

the KLamath River basin the subordinate^ andesitic type and the

predominant, basaltic type* The latter includes a medial zone of tuff

sedimentary-rooks, the Tonna formation.

The andesitio type consists of both massive and platy lava flows,

bluish gray in color, porphyritic, and of varying grain sizes. Most

of the groundmass is microcrystalline, dense, and nonpofcous. The

andesite contains few, if any, interbedded tuffs or sedimentary deposits.

Several hundred feet of the andesitic flows are exposed in the north

escarpments of Walker Rim, and about 800 feet in the walls of the Uttle

Deschutes River canyon northwest of Chemult. ' Flow breocias and other

highly permeable materials seen to be lacking^and the area of the

Iftipublished records subject to revision

21

andesitic rock is devoid of large' springs, lie rock seems to exclude

most of the water; it serves as a perching layer, and snail springs

having flows up to about 50''gallons per minute (gpm) are common at the.'" *' ~ r *

downslope end of bodies of overburden piunice, soil, and alluvial or

slope debris. . ,

The basaltic unit occurs in the Cascade Mountains south of Crater

Lake and extends eastward as the prevailing bedrock through the Klamath

Basin into Lake Count? oh the east and into California on the south.

A representative section consists as follows (from the top down): Tipper lava rocks: About 50-200 feet thick, dark gray, .brown, and 'black udcrocrystalline ancLaphaniile lava .with as much as"30 or 1|0 percent of flow brecciai ' , .. , In most places this unit is essentially a caprock lava

. having remarkable continuiigr in view of its thinness. On plate 3, a large part of the material marked by the inclusive symbol "Tcu11 is actually the upper lava rocks, but because the rocks were not mapped in detail and the scale of the map does not permit showing'the lesser areas of the Tonna formation and lower lava rocks, the inclusive symbol was used. The upper lava rocks, where they lie below the water table or where they contain a body of perched water, yield large amounts of water to wells and springs. '

lonna formation: A volcanic-sedimentary and sedimentary unit that varies in thickness generally from 200 to 1,000 feet; though it-feathers out completely in certain places where it is not present. between the two lava- rock units, and in other places- it increases to nearly 2,000 feet in thickness. The unit in the type area was described in detail by Meyers and Uewcomb (1952). and' it was named to lonna formation by Newcomb (1958). It consists of a'lower phase that is predominantly of sedimentary origin and an upper phase of largely vol canic fragmentary materials referred to as volcanic- sedimentary deposits in this report. In and around the type area in the Tonna Valley the sedimentary phase is largely diatom!te, stratified sandstone, laminated silt- stone, water-laid ash, and basaltic lapilli tuff, part of which was laid down in water. The upper, or volcanic- sedimentary phase, is largely brown basaltic lapilli tuff of great lithologic variation. The formation is

" ' ' i ' , *',Unpublished records subject to revision

cut by many basalt dikes and in places includes a few basaltic flows* The Tonna formation is considered to be of middle Pliocene age on the basis of a few fresh water she!3s and a vertebrate fossil determination (Meyers and Uewcomb, 1952, p. 39-4i0). !Ehe formation seems to have been deposited under lacustrine and volcanic-plain conditions throughout an area that extends from the flanks of the Cascade Mountains in Oregon eastward into Lake County and from the andesitic rocks of Walker Rim southward into California* On plate 3 the Tonna formation is shown wherever it was found in extensive outcrops* Small exposures are included with the upper (and lower) lava rocks under the inclusive symbol "Tcu* 11 The Yonna formation in general is nonwater-bearing material, but some of the coarser agglomeratic tuff layers transmit water in a few places, notably in'the upper part of the Sprague and Williamson River valleys.

Lower lava rocksj Basaltic lava flows compose the lowest * unit* They crop out in the canyon of jfche.JCLaiaath 'Rivjer

below Keno,. where they., overlie the volcanic' rocks of Western Cascades, in the Cave Mountain- constriction, or "Ghiloquin, Rapids" of tbe. Sprague River near GhiloQuin, in Lost River bank at Harpold Bam, and in several mountain slopes* In only a few places were the lower lava rocks mapped in sufficient detail to permit showing on plate 3j elsewhere the unit was- included with the other units as "Ten," volcanic rocks of high Cascades undifferentiated. The lava was extruded onto an erosion surface having considerable relief* The full thickness of the unit is not known? in the Klamatk Canyon below Keno it is a&out 800 feet. The lower lava rocks constitute "a moderate to good water-bearing material, tnough not quite so permeable as the average of the upper lava rocks* Wells extending 100 to 300 feet below the water table in the lower lava-rock unit obtain large supplies of water*

The relations of the basaltic part of the volcanic rocks of high Cascades,

as used in this report, to those rocks ad considered by earlier workers

are shown on the chart below:


23

e»*<D O

.?*§

,§0)0500

H G>E1

r~+C~w^Q£(DO0

H£

Gallaghan 1938

1 :;Pli 1- .-^

,r S '* .

Volcanic .rocks ofhighCascades

i»

;:- -..-.JfeoW! ..»*«: ^r-iV .rM8J«».»tti <' - ',!. ' -^hi*--1?ep0r*'-2:- :.'.- * 1937 Ifawsorab, 1952 1953

' r-pl»-5 -C'.* r..;.: \v/-.-3Ptl« 2 .. :.-. .- ^'^ ^^- i^ .:,-.--

..';

«^-»c-

^§S

H

ti

* -. » * « »».. *

)livine basalt Unconformlig^ ")iatomite andissociated <'sediments4fe<jonjf6rifli%y'*uower lavajeries

i

H*

S'

gS

.., / , , r. , .

Opper lava rocks' *** ' ' j^ 1^,^ _ ^^ .îMoontOTmitgr-

Sedimentary rocks>f Tertiary age-Ifoconforrai'tgr-xjwer lava rocks

< s

¥d Q)

84> TO sEJ dg1oO

«Hjr<AH

' *..« -.. - ' : . v^

fyper lava rocksnîconfftrmlty-

. r -i :ibnna formation Ifticonf ormity-*ower lava rocks .

"~ ~

; *

Jfetrusive rooks* The Pliocene rocks described above have been

intruded by basaltic dikes and by plugs and stocks of igneous materials*

The larger intrusive bodies occur in the areas of greatest upwarp,

such as Gearhart Mountain and Yainax But%, A few of these - . ./ i* .- ..' ;- .:": ; :/ " : "' - ' . ' ..--..-

'Intrusâ^gg^g-are gfcfc&n oh plate 3. -.The mapping did not include

detailed delineation of other intrusives that are known to occur,* *,*

especially in the district about Gearhart Mountain* The intrusive

rocks are largely dense, massive, prophyritic to holociystalline kf'f . . ' "V . " ' ' *" I ' *" .-" ' *» 1 <"v" ' "* .' '.- .' ,'ju ' .

even coarsely crystalline* They are tight and largely nonwater bearing*

Volcanic lava rocks of Quaternary age»~~ The volcanic rocks (flows,1 " ' "in "'" " ' '...'.' " '".V "" T . ' ' " U . " 1 " " " a " ...- ; r . *'\ ..< ! *' t , . ' ; . « . - * ', i ^ ' -

cinders, and fragraentaries)that followed the deformation of the basalticf > '.'i ..' "? ' » * > -i it' ' ' " v '* ' -?'i-fc"/j .) .*.'''. *JJ

and andesitic phases of the volcanic rooks of high Cascades are considered »«f « -, . -v.^.'" "V i - *" <f . ''' jr *'. , ' ; . \".r '' ". '. .-'. ;}'«!* "*? ' '.'-«i.':^-r" .'' .. " ' ' ?-" ->'"-'-'.' - »'v'- *«.. '

in this report to be largely, if not entirely, of Quaternary age* Such ., .". , :-. ;v^.. ^- -$ v\-" ?.:« *<' vt * "": '-'^^ ^''' 'U> csTi?^ - ' -.'^:i?:i"*

classification follows WLlllams (I9li2, p* 19) rather than Callaghan and % ; .- ;.,_ **< -.- -..-... ' .' * : . .'-'^ "^ *-^ *V.^ ->^-^ J-/,^r ^;v:

Buddington (1938, pi* 1), who included rocks of Quaternary age in their

.-' > '"* ; - ; -*' - * ^--'^lîi^biished records subject to revision

volcanic rocks of high Cascades. The vast pumice extrusions from Mount.

Mazama, the ancestral mountain whose crater now is occupied by Crater Lake, are considered separately for hydrologic reasons*

The lava flows from Mount Mazama constitute the bulk of these

rocks. They are andesitic and dacitic flows and associated fragmentary

deposits that descended from Mount Mazama but did not reach the low*

lands* numerous cinder cones and smaller lava vents are shown on

plate 3, mostly as given by Williams (19U2, pl« 3)*

A large, and apparently single, flow of basaltic rock extends

south and west from Fuego Mountain and now forms the caprock of the

mesa known as the "Knot Table Land*1 in the Sprague Hiver valley. Two

other areas of young lava farther east help mark the former route of

an ancestral valley now lying north of the floor of Sprague River valley*

Adjacent and higher lava mesas that circle the north side of the Black

Hills were included in the Quaternary lavas by Moore (1937, pi* 5)

but have been referred to the latter part of the Pliocene "upper lava

rocks* in this report because they were somewhat deformed prior to

the extrusion of the young lava of the Knot Table land*

Pumice of Quaternary age.** Ancestral Mount Mazama emitted great

amounts of airborne pumice and later flow-avalanche pumice. The extent

of these deposits as a mappable unit is shown on plate 3, largely after

Williams (192*2, pi* 3)* The main body of the pumice extending south

from Chemult to Kirk and west of the Klamath Marsh lies beneath a vast

plain called the "Mazama pumice plain" in this report* The pumice

blankets much of the slope of the Mount Mazama upland and forms nearly

the whole: slope and flat of this great "Mazama pumice plain." It.


25

appears, to; .average about 7J? feek thick .along^Highway °2, but it, tapers

.to a thip edge along .the, east side of Klamath Marsh, Probably it buried

a region of varied but small relief so its thickness differs some from

place to place * The earlier1 airborne pumice mantles much of the upland

eastward from Elamath Harsh past Taraeay Mountain and northward beyond

Walker Him, The age of the pumice was estimated by Williams (p> lilt)

to be only about £,000 ye$a&$, so it undoubtedly followed much of the

alluvial deposition of Qtasterjiary age* Later dating of the avalanche

pumice by the radioactive carbon method is reported to have placed

the age as 6,250, +25d years (Harry;.C,« Parker, U. -S*r Park,-/-' ;. ,

Service, oral report, 1$5W* ...-.:-;.-

The pumice is an excellent medium fort the'infiltration of precipita

tion and; its/lateral permeability is moderately high. The lower ends of-

the .pockets of pumice on the tqpQLand provide ntmterfcus. small springs of

importance to stock watering. Together wiH* the underlying-lava rocks,

the pumice transmits a large amount of ground water that percolates

eastward and southward' to the large spring outlets at Klamath Marsh,

the lower, tlliamson River, and the Wood River- The pumice beneath

the alluvium supplies water to well-s in* the 'Port Klamath area at the

north end of the Ifcper Klamath Lake,, and low-lying bodies of pwnice

supply water to, shallow wells in many, of the creek valleys on; the east

side of Klamath Harsh. . . - ' -. .

Alluvium^-** Host of the valley plains of the upland meadows and

lakes are underlain by silt, sand, clay, volcanic ash, peat, diatomaceous

materials, and slope debris* In some of the larger valleys the thickness

of the deposits may be several hundred feet, but in general the thickness

is not so great nor the .bedi»©dtc, beneath the valley so deep as might be


26

judged from the steepness and height of the upwardly displaced escarpments

that form the valley walls*the

Parts of the plains of/Sprague River valley, Yorraa Valley, Poe and

Valley,/Langell Valley, and much of the northern part of KLaraatb Valley

are cut across the soft rocks of the Xonna formation and do not have

thick or extensive deposits of alluvium. In Sycan Marsh and Klamatfe

Marsh the thickness of alluvium and pumice of Quaternary age may not

exceed 300 feet* The Upper Klamath Lake basin, the Lower Klaroath Lake

basin* and the Tule Lake basin contain widespread bodies of alluviumdepth*

whieh in places may extend to considerable/ The log of the Tule Lake

(city) well in California indicates that there may be as much as 600 feet

of alluvium there* In the Merrill wells about 200 feet of alluvium

overlies the bedrock* Probably there are few places, even in the larger

and deeper basins, where the thickness of the alluvium exceeds lf 000 feet*

Owing to the failure of many drilling records to distinguish between

alluvial deposits and the softer parts of .the "chalk rook11 of the lonna

formation, the true thickness of the alluvium at many plac*« Is not

known* The alluvium is largely fine grained and

does not yield water readily to wells. In most places stapP&tes large

enough for household use are obtained from wells in san^y beds of

the alluvium*


27

Tectonic Structtire of the Books

iiit ...of the jpfMQttte^^^.jxr!^~ The rooks of

Tertiary age in the westernmost part of *h%-Klamath basin and in the

adjacent Rogue River basin; are inclined easfr&rd* In the Winter Ridge

and the highlands west of .Goose Lake, at the: .east side of the Klamath

River basin, the rocks of Tertiary age dip westward* Likewise., the

rocks of Walker Rim dip southward into the 1 basin. Thus, the general

bedrock struct-are.-oJt. thejKlainath River basin is synclinal, there being

a plunge, 0r.oBe|i;iiig, ta the south. , .

Within, the area of'the syncline, and,-upon; an erosional surface

carved at least)..partly across volcanic rocks cf Eocene age 1,200 to'feet

about 3,000 / of volcanic flows, volcanic-sedimentary rocks,-and

sedimentary rocks were laid down, .largely in Pliocene time*

I%c»ck faulting* » Sometime after the deposition and local erosion

of the upper lava-rock unit, probably during middle and late Pleistocene

time, the region underwent deformation of a type known as block faulting.

Apparently, .arching or bending was subordinate to the failure of ttie

rocks along-multiple fractures* which have a definite and consistent

pattern* Many principal fault displacements are shown on plate 3«

Most of the fault, blocks outlined on the map are .oat by multiple lesser

faults which follow .the general-trends and patterns of the principal faults*

The planes of movement along the larger faults are visible in many

places*. Conspicuous among these are the well-known slickensides exposed

by cuts and quarries on the .east and west sides of Bpper ELamath Lake

in sec* .2k9 T* 37 S*,, R. 8 E., and in the NEj sec* 6, T, 38 S«, R, B E9

Those faults arc norjnal,.....;, v^' -» with planes dipping about 60°

toward the downthrown side. - A34 the -other faults observed in .this block-

.Pnpublished records subject to revision

28

fault pattern also are normal, indicating tfiat they were formed by

tensional stress*.,

The principal significance of the faults on the occurrence #fwater

ground / arises from their control of the vertical position of the main

aquifers"*-the upper lava rocks and the lower lava rocks* Also the

fault-fracture zones provide permeable avenues along which the ground

water in many places gains vertical hydraulic continuity. The visible

fault zones exhibit cracked and disjointed bands in which the most severely

crushed and sheared parts represent the interfaces along which the

greatest displacement of the rook took place* In the lava rocks these

fault zones do not, in themselves, constitute barriers to the horizontal

movement of ground water in most of the situations observed. Their

marginal areas of broken and disjointed rock in places permit ready

percolation of water, and many Of the fault zones provide routes for

the emergence of ground water from the lava rocks* The Saolt zones

observed in the less competent materials of the leama foasa&tion consist

of jumbled, disheveled materials adjacent to rather sharp and dean

lines of fracture* These fault zones lack t^ peraeabi^iy neoecsary

for appreciable movement of ground water*

The block faulting is ©?ea£ly intensified in tfee vicinity of the

down-droned trenchlike blocks that form the KLa»ath graben and the

Langell graben. Major faults- trending northerly along the west side of

the Klamath graben and the major faults that trend nortfatmetegrly along

the east side of the graben seem to intersect beneath the volcaErtio

rocks of Quaternary age of ancestral Itount Mazama, To the nortlxekist

and 'the west the faulting is less extensive than in the vicinity of

the laamath and Langell grabens, but the prefca^^

flfapublished records subject to revision

block faulting and the northwesterly trends continue to the north and

east into Lake Qounty and, -to a lesser extent, westward into the

Rogue River basin. . ,

Characteristics of the Aquifers v

, The principal water-bearing rocks in the basin, from oldest to

youngest, ares lower lava rocks,' upper lava rooks (both are units of

the volcanics of high Cascades), alluvium of Qimternary age, and pumice-'

of Quaternary age*. In addition, a few coarsely bedded layers in the -

Tonna foliation yield ground water to wells and 'springs in the upper

Sprague an^ Williamson River valleys*

Loweir ra rocks* ~~ These lava rocks contain scoriaceous and "

fractured interflow zones:, that readily transmit K^tter. The -porous.: fteee movement of

interflow zones overlap and, inierlinger -sufficiently" to allow

water vertically across .-the layers* In the Tonim and Swan Lake Valleys' '''

about cme-third of the Ictf/er lava rocks penet'fated by wells have been /;'

logged as ''porous, water bearing. M That they lie beneath the Yonna

formation over wide areas, undoubtedly lessens the opportunity for

recharge to. reach, the Itiwer lava rocks* However, in the slop^^bf the

Cascade , Range and in the mountainous: fault blocks, the lower lava

rocks are open to recharge, from the surface* In much of the basin

the lower- lava rocks >.-serye as a relatively deep layer of transmission

for the regional body- :0f ground water* The main points of surface '

discharge of the ground water are believed to be the fault escarp- v

ments at the foot of the Cascade slope, Karakaun Spring in the Sprague

River, the Rarpold Bam area on Lost River, and the canyon of the Klamath

- ;-.;- * : .v^.»t^« civ;x : : ;, Ifepublished records subject to revision

30

River where the-JLower lava rocks df/high'(^asades^isverlie ttee less *

permeable'.volcanic rocka of Western Cascades (shown on pi. 3)*

tfeper lava rocks, These basaltic lavas, where they are more than

one flow thick, contain a large proportion of flow breccia, porous,

scoriaceous interflow zones, and other permeable rock. In the wells, in

tonna and Swan Lake Valleys about two-thirds of this unit was logged as

"porous, water-bearing rock* 11 Besides the myriad small springs in the

upland areas, this unit provides notable outflows of ground water in

the Bly section of the Sprague River valley, in Whisky Creek below

Beatty, in Bonanza Springs of the Lost River valley, in Spring Creekthe -

north of Chiloquin, and possibly in/Wood River and Crooked Creek Springs*

AlXuyium ofQuaternary ag;e* The alluvial fill beneath the valley

plains is relatively fine grained but nevertheless is able to-.. .

accept the infiltration of much of the precipitation and some of the

surface flow* In the Swan Lake Valley the alluvium contains a perchedfrom which water

ground-water body / , cascades underground to the regional water table

at the south, west, and east sides of the valley floor (Meyers and' a

Newcomb, 1?£2, p. 5>S>)* In other valleys the alluvium is/substantial

reservoir from which ground water is passed to the surface drainage or .

to the more permeable aquifers* There are few places where the alluvium

win provide large or even moderate yields to wells* but both beneath

the slopes and the valley plains it does furnish a large aggregate storage

for recharging the deeper aquifers, inrfche I


Pumice of Quaternary >age«rr" The, large areas of migd.ce provide a

.great space for, storage of ground water. The airborne pumice extends t

much more widely than the later flow pumice but is thinner. Although

the flow jSuralcusr includes some seraiconaclidated layers '

that are of low permeability, very little .of it excludes downward

percolation of water* Of the mountain streams that flow onto the pumice

plain, only Scott and Sand Creeks succeed in reaching the Klamath Marsh ..^

with even a part of their jaow* Contours that show -the altitude of .

the water table in the pumice (and ,in the underlying alluvium and

volcanic rocks) are shown on plate 2* Notable discharge outlets for

the ground water from the pumice are Big Spring, Spring Creek, the Wood

River, and Crooked -Creek Springs. ...... , - . v . . .; , ... .<r

bydrologic Conditions

' ' Shape and Extent of the Principal Ground-Water Bodies

Data on wells and springs indicate that the regional body of ground

water has a water level near the local base level of the major streams,

Although this ground-water body is a/hydrologic unit, interstream divides

separate it into four .main segments which are treated below as ,

hydrologic subunits. The areas constituting these subunits are (1}

the Klamath^Marsh area, (2) the Sprague River valley, (3) the Cascade

Mountain slope south of Annie Creek valley, and (b) the valleys Of; "; ' ; . V/. '.:t.T }'..-:. *:.C) :i" :-^-^ r.,:.v- -.r.»j -,' ' :

the Lost River drainage system in Oregon* . '

The inward dip of the rock strata at the west, north, and east : " : .;.,* 'f V-- ;*-;; : f .;«.; \ '. 4 /^ t.-r-v^o ' ! j-' : o - '' .

sides of idle basin, along with the low permeability of the older

underlying rocks in the west side of idle basin, creates a condition

which largely prevents natural ground-vater diversions out of the

32

Klamath Basin in Oregon* The known and interpolated slopes of the

regional water table are inward, away from the drainage divides, andthere are

substantiate the hypothesis thai/ no significant natural diversions of

ground water from the Idamath Basin in Oregon.is

Ground /Kttter of the Klamath Mar^i area. - Included in this

the; Fort KLamath plain north of Upper Gamath Lake, the JOamth Marsh ,.

proper, the Maaama pumice plain west and north of the uiarsh, and th*~

upper Williameon River valley with tha slope north and east therefrom

to the basin drainage divide. A generalized regional water-table map t .

of the area was drawn from water levels measured in I9$k in widely

scattered wells and springs (see pie, 2A, 2B, and 2C). The contours

show the general shape of the water table beneath the plSin and its

effluence from, the large springs that discharge much of the, ground

water from this area*

Along the east and west flanks of the Mazama pumice plain northwest Klaatti? - ,-; .

, the ground water moves on a broad front toward the center of

the plain. The average slope of the water table is 10 to 20 feet

per mile* The ground-water trough beneath the central part of the plain

slopes about 2 feet per mile toward the marsh* A channel deposit of highly

permeable alluvial material, probably gravel for the most part, underlies

the pumice. Probably this gravel was deposited along the drainage axis of" surface :.-,,' . / . ' - ' . ,- . : .

the pre-pumice land /by ancient streams flowing off the Cascade Range*edge . . .. -.., -. ' ' ' -.- . '

Big Springs at the northwest./of the marsh is the main orifice which dis

charges the upper part of this ground water* Southward beneath the

Mazama pumice plain the ground-water gradient averages about 8 feet per

mile, but steepens to about * 25 feet per mile farther south near Spring


33

H114 and.the Wood River valley* .TtoSaWood J&ver Springs, the Fish Hatchery

springs, and the Spring Creek springs, are the main surface outlets of

this large ground-water body. i

; In the vicinity of Chiloqxdn the water-table contours indicate that

this ground-water body is joined by ground water percolating westward .

from the Sprague River valley* Southward from Chiloquin, the water-, -.

table contours show that the water table slopes about 10 feet per mile*. /

on a.broad front toward Upper Klamath Lake. '-..'

Grcand water of the Sprague River valley, A generalized water-table

contour map of this area, drawn from water levels measured in 19f>U, is

shown on plates 20 and 2D. In the upper Sprague River valley above Beatty

Gap (1 mile northeast of Beatty) well data were insufficient for the .,.-:

construction of water-table contours. v '"? *'

In general, the.water table .in the area between the communities of

Sprague River (town) and Beatty has a troughlike shape. On the upland

south of-the valley, the. altitude of the water, in well 36/LO-29ML is

reported to be about 1^39£ feet, which is above the highest levels -of

the water surface in the wells of the valley floor, indicating that there,

is a /ground-water divide between the: Sprague River valley and Yonna

Valley of the Lost River basin to the south. Well-36/10-2910. .is dose to

the topographic divide, and probably is also near the ground-water divide

between the two valleys* The average ground-water gradient northward

from this divide is.about 30 feet per mile to the level of the Sprague

River.

., : . . ; .Ifcigublished records subject to revision

At weH 3iiAl~3lj$llj on the north slope of. the Sprague Riser

the reported water-table altitude is about U,590 feet, which is higher

than the altitude of Klamath Marsh, Therefore, a ground-water divide

must exist between the Klamath Marsh area and the Sprague River valley5

it probably lies along a line passing somewhere in the vicinity of the

Fuego Mountain upland* The slope of the water table southward toward

the Sprague River is rather gentle, about 12 feet per mile beneath the

upland* but near the river it steepens to about 25 feet per mile as the

water table beneath the tablelands descends to the level of the valley

floor.

Downstream from the town of Spragu© River the slope of the water

table descends at a rate approximately equal to the gradient of the river,

about $ feet per mile* At Braymill the river enters a basalt canyon,

the Chiloquin Narrows, and drops hO feet in a little wore tt?an a mile*

The shape of the water-table contours above, and below the rapids suggests

that the ground-water gradient also steepens at that locality. Farther

downgradient the ground water merges to the west with .the ground water

from the Klamath Marsh .area* .

Ground water of jthe slope of the Cascade Range**-South of the Annie

Creek valley the basaltic rocks of the volcanic rocks of high Cascades,

some younger volcanic rocks, and possible small areas of the older rocks

form the relatively rugged mountain terrain*. There,is moderately thick

soil or slope debris, and some alluvial deposits occur in the larger

creek valleys.


Some large springs issue near "the' *$oot of' the escarpfetots andIV '. *t* **i.'>*1 .rt .V t .'.'" ' 1 ' ' ' '» * -; ! *' r ; * ; « 'j

a great many moderate-sized and anall springs discharge to the creeks

and marshes. Sevenmile Creek flowed'8? cui)ic feet per second (cfs> on

October 5* 195i, 'from sources that were largely ground water, JfereS Egg Spring* >, . .......... . ....... ... . . .. ... ..,/.' Spring Creek, Threemile Creek, anH Nannie Creek added an additional

18 cf s in October 1954. * '

Ground water, of .ttte Lost Riyjer l<^rainape

subuniti lAcludtes iye j valleys namely Langell Valley, Tonna Valley,

Swan Lake. Valley, Poe Valley, and KLamath Valley, There is sufficient

information, for the construction of a water-table contour map only in

Swan Lake and Tonna.Valleys (pi. 2D), Water-level information for the

other valleys is sufficient only to indicate that the water table in them,'.' *like that in Swan Lake,and Yonna Valleys, slopes, generally' toward the

Lost Rivexv That river seemingly is the, local base level for ground

water moving beneath all five of these closely related valleys. .

In the upper reaches of Swan Lake and Yonna Valleys- the ground-- ..... ^. j ;_ ' ' ' ' »

water gradient, so far -. as is known, is 4ecrea^lng at, about 20 feet p«fr :

mile. Beneath the floor of t^e central.part of Swan Lake

the regional water .table flattens, its slope deereasirg to approximatelyfeet "' ::V4 " '*- - "''"' f ' "-' *"' ' "' ' ' " : ': 10 ./ per ndle. The water-table contours shown on pilate 2D represent

. 7.. -". } ..'... '..' ' .,.-"/." ' i -', ' i, ,>" -' \~. ' '-.1 £ > * -T -'A'.- j. .' - ' >'?.'

ttie piezome.tric surface of the regional ground-water boc^y whose water^ .

percolates southward through the basalt aquifers underlying the valley.- -. .' ; ..." ; ..;: . " t^-'--: '. -.. ?.- .' .»*:". .-. - / " : -. :." :. v .«\:'.* N--'= ?'. : -

at depth, A second set of contours (shown by dotted lines) represents '*; - ' ' .' T ~'. " A. Vs-: ''' : i." >.; .¥d«c^.^ift?,.^^ - . ..*-..the level of the perched water in the permeable layers «of the valley, fill,:-, .,-' <-.. ; --w-f ..v;-,-.' -'^- J-:'. ,i>.V.V- -k:,- ...fef'-^t^ «J.r ' >-.-V - .-.-:

The perched water table is maoh flatter than the regional water table.. s.3*: ., , -"<, ..--..- .:" >.- ^'- Kil.^r-. -^r^v. ,;; -r.: .'.,> T*; :.:;' .- -: ...

and slopes generally toward the sides of the valley, wjhere part of the,..,' ; ' .-, i!^ -.'*','' ?:& "'?£.''' .''fr*-' "* ?' ?'. ' $ ''' ' - >" ' 'I'''-"'

records subject to revision

36

perched water descends within a rather short distance, through the

talus and bedrock, to the regional water table*

The regional water tables beneath Swan Lake and lonna Valleys

merge in the icinTfcy of^PineTlat into'one uniform slopd, which * ' ~

continues 'southward to the lost I&veir<MvsThe water table between Pine.. ; t

Flat jand ;Poe Valley slopes about 2 feet per mile* ,

Some Hydraulic Characteristics of Ground Hater

Below the level of the regional water table the pores of all rook

materials are saturated, Inhere .the gronnd^water..body ..is .uneonfined,

the water surface is at atmospheric pressure only and the water per-

colaies' under the force of gravity, in the dijrectierh of the hydraulic

gradient^ from areas of recharge toward arefcs

of discharge* In places where relatively impermeable material, such as

clay or silt, forms a sloping, less permeable blanket over a part ofconfined, or .

the water-bearing material, a/ artesian condition may exist../ Such

^/ In general, hyd^ologistsuse the word "artesSin11 to aean ai^r confined water, whether or not wells tapping it will flow at Idle land surface. Most dictionaries still use the old definition of water tfeat flows at the surface* Some popular usage is still more loose, meaning water from any deep well^ or even any drilled well.

a confining layer occurs in the vicinity of Port Klamath, where a layer/

blue clay, probably deposited in Upper KLamatb lake, confines the ground

water in the alluvium and underlying bedrock. The water rises in wells

to an altitude considerably higher than the surrounding land surface.

Pressure measurements in the artesian sells near Fort

Klamath (wells 33/7|-l6Rl and -22Jl) indicate that the confining layer

of blue clay terminates where the pumice disappears beneath the alluvium,

about a mile north of Fort Klamath (see pi. 30).

Ifapublished records subject to revision

37

Confined ground water oc,<jurs;ajLsa :in,places beneath the Klaraattv ^».

Harsh, plain and in the Sprague River valley above Sprague River (town),,, ^

In the Sprague River valley the confining layer is "chalk ,r$ck« (elay, .. . 4

volcanic ash, diatomite, and tuff) the less permeable part of,the Yonna.,; .,.

formation, and in -j^e Klamath Harsh area the tighter layers of .Jhe flow

pumice or interbedded valley alluvium may form the confining layers for .. :

the local artesian water* ,. , , - >f i.

Discharge of the Ground Water

Soiirce< ""» The tapper and lower lava rocks and the pumice of

Quaternary age are the materials from whicgr most of ihe large springs

emerge; The springs that flow from the basalt occur mainly where

porous water-bearing sections of the basalt are exposed at the land

surface by faults, erosion, or other geologic conditions* The Spring

Creek Spring (33/7-32A1), located at the base'of an escarpment, is.,(:*,', ' ?

a typical example of flow from & basalt aquifer exposed by uplift along

a fault* Other large springs of this type are Wood River Spring, the

Fish Hatchery Springs, and Agency Spring, all flowing from the basalt. ? %* . . . , " j ' p, , » -'" ' r

at the base of the escarpment on the east side of the Fort Klamath

plain* Bonanza Spring (39Al<"1OQl)V alth°ugh not a^ ^e ^Be of an

escarpment, is on the trace of a fault and discharges water from the

upper lava rock at, and slightly above, the level of the Lost River*

The pumice beneath the plain north and west of the Klamath Marsh

is also a major aquifer feeding water to several springs discharging *

from the eurficiai'pumice deposits. Big Spring (30/8-16Q1), the " ' '-."MA" .' ' *' -r ,-.-. ... '

largest of this type, occurs at the edge of the pumice plain,

Jv tfepublished records^ subject to revision . ...

38

near the contact of the pumice and the alluvium of the marsh. This

spring occurs approximately cm the plain's central axis, beneath which,

underlying the pumice, may be a concentration of coarser, more permeable

material acting as a conduit for the water*

At ike source of the Williarason River (in Tf»8» 32 and 33 S*, B» 11 E.)

several ^pring& discharge froa a layer of powte aggl<HB0fat® in the Teflsna

formation underlying the upper lava rocks* Water percolating downward

through the basalt beneath the slope of Yamsay Mountain apparently is

accumulated in the upper part of these sedimentary beds and discharged

at points where their porous members are exposed by erosion or faulting*

The spring at the head of the Williamson River (33/ll~ljNl) and Wickiup

Spring (32/11-17KL) are two of the largest springs emitting water from

those beds* These and other springs in the area are the major source

of the upper Williamson River above Klamath Marsh during the base-flow

period from June to October*

Quantity^ The water discharged by the various streams and springs

in the basin was measured, where possible, during the months of September

and October 19$h9 when practically all the flow could be classified as

ground-water effluent. In order to evaluate the natural ground-water

discharge in the basin, the streams and springs shown in table 5 have

been grouped into their respective subbasins and listed in order as they

enter the river, starting at the sources of the Williamson and Sprague

Rivers*

About 3»8 cfs of the measured flow of Big Spring Creek is furnishedv , , ' * ,_ . ' ', . . *.". . r ' '

by flow from wells 30/8-22D1 and -22Q1, located in the creek channel. In

the marsh, about 10 additional wells flow free throughout the year* They

have an aggregate yield of about 6*7 e£s* or U,800 acre-.fee;t per year*

tfapublished records subject to revision

39.

(An acre-foot is -143,^60 cubic £ee%'tthe amount of water th&t-wiH cover :

an acre of ground to a dept^-of ;1 IfceJk) 'Most of these wells, which were

constructed during the drought P£ the, ,1930's> reportedly started flowing

for the first time in the spring of 1952* Almost the entire ground-water

discharge from the Mazaraa pumice plain north of Kirk and Fort Klamath

emerges from the large springs on the plain and from the springs at the :and the springs on

base of Spring Hill, These springs are Big Springs/ Spring Creek, Wood

River, and the lower Williamson Elver springs between Kirk and Spring

Creek. They .discharged approximately 700,000 acre-feet of ground water

in 19f>iu The discharge computation is based on the assumption that-toe

measurements made in.September and October 1951* are representative of

the average flow from the springs for the entire year* Lack of

information on seasonal variations, in the flow of the springs prevents ,:.

appraisal of the validity of that assumption* . ,

The discharge of several large springs in the channel of Sprague

River near Kamkaun Spring oould.be computed by measuring the flow of

the river above, and below the, springs* The measurements of the north

and south forks of the Sprague River and their tributaries (see table 5)

on the slopes, adjacent to the .upper Sprague River valley show that the

total discharge was 65 cfs less than that, measured the same day, farther

downstream, at the Beatty Gap gaging station 1 mile .northeast of Beatty.

The increase in flow above Beatty Gap probably is effluent ground water

from the younger alluvium which borders the river* Its source may be in

part, return irrigation water, and in part drainage water from the under*

lying.basalt reaching the surface through the alluvium. The minimum flow

of the Sprague River near Chilcquin, without diversions (see "table 5),

,T.\ .- -. * Unpublished records subject to revision

liO

plus ; evaporation, .frow. more 1&an a hundred mile^ of river surf ace should. * - ' xT - ' * . . ' »*.,* \. '. JL

approximate the average yearly discharge of grourid^water effluent into

1die river o This amounts to about 2li5,600 acre-feet; per 3^ar*

Along the west side of Upper Klaniath lake one large spring-fed

stream, Sevenmile Creek, and several smaller ones discharge an eBtimated

1*0,000 acre-feet 'of ground water into Tipper :j3&matli fcake eacfe year {see

table 5) » Other large springs occur in Pelican Bay and other points

along the t£>per Klamath lake shores but cannot be measured accurately*

Considerable inflow is added to the Klamath liver from numerous

springs in a 9-mile stretch of the river canyon below the Highway 66

bridge which is in sec* 31, T« 39 S,, E« ? B« Local residents report

that a few of the 3a£gest springs may be seen in the bottom of the canyon

when the river is at low stage* Undoubtedly many more springs occur in

the river bed, where permeable water-bearing zones of the lower lava rock

have been cut through by the canyfn. Below that* reach the river cuts

into older rocks that are practically impermeable 5 therefore, little or

no ground -water is believed to enter the Tiver in Oregon downstream from

sec, 3, T* III S., R. 6 E#

The inflow to Lost River from a 6-mile reach that includes Bonanza

Spring amounts to about 100 cfs at periods of low flow in the river

(see table S)« The part of Bonansa Spring that is visible and directly "

measurable supplies about 20 cfs of this flow* The rest of the flow

must come from inconspicuous spring orifices in the bed of th« river.

About 10 river miles below Harpold Dam, in the vicinity of Olene, a fewthe

springs add an unknown quantity of water to the summer flow dJ^Ix>st Rivelr*

The largest of these springs (39A^3L9M1} flows about 7 f s$ aciiordiag

to the report of the landowner*


Recharge, tc

The infiltration to the ground, wate$ which ultimately returns to

the Burface as spring,.discharge to tl^e ctreams, occurs mainly on the

upland areas at places where.the more permeable are .,-*«.'.' ..-.:.

exposed, and on the vast pumice plains and slopes that lie to the north,

east, and south of Crater.iake. On these areas direct infiltration of

rainfall.and snowmelt accounts for the greater part of the ground-water

recharge* Additional water reaches the ground-water body from a few

small streams that flow off the east slope of the Cascades and sink into

the pumice plain along the western margin of the Klamath Marsh* Sand,the

Scott, and Miller Creeks are/largest of these streams* In some years

part of the flow of Scott Creek and Sand Creek reaches the marsh or is,

used for irrigation on the lands along the west side of the marsh*

Measurements of MilJLer Creek from October 1, 1913, to September 30, 1911**

give the total runoff for this stream during the water year 191ii asfeet

12,liOO acre-/ (Qrover, 1917)* This is the onjy. year,-for which complete

discharge records are available on any of these streams that sink

completely into the pumice* Measurements made during this investigation,

September and October 195k,, show the combined .flow of these*-three,. ; -

streams to be about iiQ, cfs (Miller Creek measured at the present Highway

97 and Sand and Scott Creeks at the,old Highway 97). This quantity of_ *>t.M""* -..i- » , - * . -that

water would indicate/these creeks contribute a minimum yearly recharge of

about 30,000 acre-feet to ground^water in the... pumice*

As previously. stated, the average annual precipitation over the basin

ranges from Hi inches at Klamath Falls to more than 60 inches at Crater

Lake* At Chemult (altitude it,7^0 feet) the average precipitation for


the 16 water years 1938 through 1953 was slightly more than 27 inches*

As the average altitude of the pumice plain and upland north of Kirk ±a

a little higher than Chemult, the average annual precipitation on that

I,l400*"square-mile area Is estimated to be about 30 inches, or roughly

half that at Grater Lake* Because the pumice is highly permeable,

probably not less than 10 to 12 inches of the precipitation reaches the

water table as recharge* This much infiltration would equal 750,000 to

900,000 acre-feet a year in this area and probably is a conservative

estimate* The measured 700,000 acre-feet of discharge from springs of this

area in 1951* (see p. 39) sufficiently approximates the figure of 750,000

to 900,000 acre-feet, obtained above from recharge estimates, to sub-

.stantiate the estimate of 10 to 1? inches as being of the correct order

of magnitude for the average annual recharge to the ground water*

Recharge in the sprague River basin occurs mostly on the uplands

above the valley floor where the porous members of the rock units are

exposed or sufficiently broken to allow the percolation of the water*

The valley plains probably receive about the same amount of precipitation

as Chiloquin, 18 inches, of which most may run off, be evaporated, or be

transpired* On the upland recharge area, comprising about 1,000 square

miles, the average annual precipitation Is probably about 20 to 25 inches*

Computations made from the base-flow measurements of the river at Chiloquin

show that the Sprague River gains about 214.5,000 acre-feet per year from

spring discharge* Such a figure would indicate an average discharge equal

to IjJ inches of water infiltration over the 1,000-square-mile area.


The main area of recharge" jtor fthe^subvalleys in the lost River

drainage -system consists of the uplands north 'and east of the Swan Lake

and Tonna Valleys, The basalt on the -upland east'of Langell Valley is

not thick enough to contain nhk^ growndnirater in storage end the infil

tration largely drains off into the -stream valleys that have.ctlt through

the basalt cap to the less permeable tuffs of the Yonna formation.

Recharge to the ground water of the Swan Lake-Xonna Valleys was .

estimated (Meyers and Newcomb, r .195fc) to foe about 25,000 acrerfeet annually.

This amount was computed by assuming that,about 2 inches of idle annual

precipitation reaches the water table as recharge. Water levels of three

wells that tap the basalt in Tonna Valley (see pis* 6 and 7). "show a .

general rise from 19U8 to about June 195&* After this rise there appears

to have been a steady level followed.by a slight decline <durlng 1953 .

and 19S>1*) which may reflect (l) a previous period of deficient recharge,

or (2) a period during which .withdrawal from wells exceeded the annual

recharge.- Hie downward trend has not extended long enough to, indicate

which situation exists* However, existence of a similar decline in the

level of the £erched water, from which water is pumped (see pi.-B). "' ' ,

Indicates that a lower rate o£ recharge-may be the cause of the decline

in the level of -the regional water table ctarlng 1955 and 19$lu} About

7>5>00 acre-feet of -wa'te* was pimped,from wells^ for irrigation .

in those valleys in 195iu ~< ; < -. » "

Obviously, the quantities of recharge presented above for sections

of the Klaraath Basin are rough estimates that are subject- to revision :

as better data.and methods of estimation come into use« ,- . .- ' J

Ut

Relation of Ground Water to Basin Runoff

The surface discharge from the basin during the late summer and

early fall comes largely from ground water. During this period there is

practically no runoff from snowmeltj only a little, if any, of the ,

summer precipitation reaches the streams, and the channel storage,

reservoir storage, and irrigation-drainage additions in Oregon are

negligible* As data are lacking on the variation of the discharge from

the springs throughout the year, the base flow daring September and

October was tentatively taken as the average rate of discharge from the

ground water throughout the year*

In general, even though some lag in time is involved, the quantity

of ground water supplied to the streams is proportional to the amount of

water in storage in the aquifers* Plate 9 shows the discharge of Spring

Creek and Big Spring Greek as eompared with the accumulated deviation fromThe

the average precipitation at Chiloquin, /discharge of these springs showed

a steady decline from 1916 to 1930, when Big Spring Creek went dry*

Spring Creek continued to flow through the thirties and forties but

probably at a reduced rate (no measurements were made from 1931* to 191*9)*

Big Spring Greek was still dry September 15, 1950, and the first

measurement (28*3 ofs) after the discharge recommenced was made September

1, 1951. The flow of Spring Creek in July 193U was 26? cfs (see pi. 9)t .

which coincides with the lowest point on the accumulated deviation curve

for precipitation* This is also considered to be the lowest point in any

long-term curve showing the amount of precipitation available to recharge

the ground water* Though the infiltration to ground-water storage should

have leveled off in 1935, and possibly began increasing in 1936, the minimum


DEC

. m

PLATE 8

. LJ-1..U -

.hi l-i-H:

r_Li.i_~ ! i L ii

. Q T U. 5 <

o a. K- > oD LU O O UJ< CO O Z Q

1952 19 53 _. 19 54 _ 19 55 19_56.__

the flows of/Spring Creek springs cannot be.postulated for the period of no

record, 193S-W* because the time lag between recharge and discharge is

not evident-from tbe-records.' . . .>.«-.

Big.Spring apparently is an overflow point where the ground-water

body discharges at the surface only when the level of the water table is

above the average position, The record of flow and nonflow for Bigthe

Spring when compared with/accumulative deviation curve (pi. 9) graphically

indicates this conclusion* After the precipitation curve (accumulative

deviation from normal) crossed the zero-percent line (about 1923) and .

continued a steady decline, it took about 8 years for the spring to go dry*

The accumulative precipitation curve continued to decline until 193$ and

in 1936 started an. upward swing*. The curve again reached .tfae zero-percent

line on its upward trend in 3.91*3* and Big Spring Creek started flowing

again in 1951 a 8 years, later. Therefore, in summary, it appears that

the flow of Big Spring will.continue when the annual precipitation stays -,

at normal or slightly above, will increase after a rise in the accumulative

deviation, and will decrease after the accumulative precipitation .

curve crosses and goes below the 3,ine of zero deviation from normal*

Discharge measurements on Wood River, Fort Creek, and Crooked Creek,

are shown on plate. 10. The discharge measurement records of Fort and

Crooked Creeks contain so,few data that compa rife on'.with- .. .. c~< .

other records is not justified* Measurements on Wood River include , ' -..

undetermined amounts of surface runoff from Annie and Sun Creeks. However,

the record does show the similarity between the amounts of spring dis-

charge and the accumulative deviation, from normal precipitation.

; ,;.; :,,-.; : : tJfopublished records subject to revision

USE OF THE GROUND WATER

As previously mentioned, on the KLamath Harsh there are about 10

free»flowing wells that discharge a total of about 6.7 cf s, or about

t,8Q0 acre^feet of watsrper year^.-Mostfof' these wells are used

approximately 3 months of each year to irrigate natiirs pasture on the

marsh. This is the only irrigation use of ground water from wells on

the KLamatJi Marsh and it amounts to about 1,200 acre- feel; per year. Shegoes

flow fross 2 other wells/ $%$$&&? to Big Springs Creek| -

for irrigation when a part of the oreek is turned out

onto the pastures*

In the Sprague River valley there are 10 wells, each flowing or

being pumped at rates of UOO to I*, 000 gpm, They are used an average of

3 months ea^fa year to irrigate pasture and grain. Most of the flowing

wells are equipped with shutofT valves and flow only during the

irrigation season* The aggregate withdrawal of ground water from these 10

wells is about 20,000 gpm for 90 days, or roughly 8,000 acre-feet per year.

All the wells are in ?* 36 S 0 , Rs* 10 and 11 £,, and are described in

table 1.

In Swan Lake and Toima Valleys 7 wells produced 6,000 acre-fe^t of

ground water per year from 1950 to 1952, for the irrigation of about 3,600

acres. Several additional wells have been put into operation since that

time and the total ground-water withdrawal is now estimated at about 7,500

acre-feet per year. -

In the Poe Valley about 660 acre-feet of waiter is pumped for

irrigation each year from 3 wells*


1*7

In the Langell Valley U wells furnish about 1,1*00 acre-feet of

water duriiig a 3~month irrigation season.

South of Poe Valley near the California line, in the Merrill and

Malin (Sand Hollow) areas 7 wells are used to irrigate some of the

slopes outside the irrigation district which uses water from Lost River*

These 7 wells discharge about 8,000 acre-feet of water during the 3-month

irrigation season.

The total withdrawal from wells for irrigation in the Klamath River

basin as of 1955 is estimated to be about 27,000 acre-feet per year.

An additional 3,600 acre-feet flows from wells into the streams* This

withdrawal by wells is independent of the water from springs, which is

accounted for under surface-water rights.

Public Supply

Klamath Falls is supplied with municipal water from 8 wells located

on the east side of the Link River (see table 1). On the basis of a

normal per capita use of about 60 gallons per day, the average daily

withdrawal for Klamath Falls is estimated to be about a million gallons,

or 1,100 acre-feet per year.

Chiloquin, Merrill, add Malin, each having two wells, withdraw an

average daily total of about 65,000 gallons, or 75 acre-feet per year*

The combined withdrawal for public supply in the basin thus is about

1,200 acre-feet of ground water per year.

Domestic Supply

Of the three or four thousand wells drilled for domestic use in

the Klamath River basin, more than 500 representative wells are described

in table 1.


The population of the Klamath River basin outside of incorporated

communities was 3t,l80 in 1950. The per capita rural use of water is

normally about the same as that of small residential communities without

industry 30 gpd* Therefore, the domestic use of ground water is roughly

700,000 gpd, or about l6o acre-feet per year*

Industrial Supply

Except for the sawmills and timber-processing plants, sueh as one

large hardboard plant, industry in the Klamath basin in Oregon does not

use much water. The hardboard plant, the only large industry outside

Klamath Falls, uses about 100,000 gpd from 2 wells and 1 spring, or about

100 acre-feet per year.

The main use of ground water by industry within Klamath Palls is for

heating. Hot-water wells and springs are used to heat many residences

and for special heating tasks. Several commercial buildings in the city

are heated entirely by hot water from wells. Other uses include the

heating of inclined sections of road pavement and the thermal protection

of the foundations of a commercial ice plant* The total amount of hot

water used for these purposes is probably not more than 1,000 acre-feet

per year.

Total Withdrawal of Ground Kater

The amount of ground water withdrawn totals about 30,000 acre-feet

per year under the following categories:

Use Acre-feet per year

Irrigation 27,000 Public supply 1,200 Domestic supply 760 Industrial supply

(cool water 110 acre-ft)(hot water 1,000 acre-ft) 1,110

Rounded total, 30,000


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Potei&iai fbr* j&fee /'

The presence of aquifers such "as 'the tasaltic lava rocker and

the pumice in areas having transportation and raw-material resourcesT" "'' " ?,<-i. .' : !.! , ;. '.*' '*

suggests that the industrial needs for ground water may expand in

the future.' } ?v " ' -- . -

Many more areas of adequate soils and satisfactory growing

conditions may be found suitable for irrigation by ground water*

Especially significant is the capacity of the aquifers to supply ground i'.'... t " -water for irrigation in some places above the levels of canals and in

.' _* > .--. .,. . . . . ' f water-shcrt districts where it can supplement the present irrigation

supply from surface-^water sources* * ' **

Data on the withdrawal of water from wells indicate that' tfcls

water source is being 'utilised. at present. on a scale i that is' rather..s-'.-i'.hC .. - ;,'"-.«.

small in comparison to the potentialities'*

.,. Unpublished records subject to revision

So

TOL3TT OF THE GROU!ID 1/&TER

Qenera^ Jiarac.ter of the

In the stucfor of the chemical quality of the ground water,

comprehensive analyses were made by the Geological Survey of water

from 12 wells and 1 spring. Additional analyses of water from it wells

and 1 spring were obtained from other sources* Field analyses were

made for hardness or chloride of water from 135 wells and 1*2 springs*

The results of the analyses are shown in table h and in columns 16 and

17 of table 1*

Except for that f xom, a few sources, *toe ground water in the Klamathof quality for irrigation and other uses*

River basin is^xcelleny, The water is soft or but moderately hard and

is suitable for most uses* In a few small areas, however* some ground

water may be of inferior quality.

The ground water discharging from the major springs* and tapped

by wells above those oirblets, is largely soft and of low salinity*

Some wells, obtaining ground water in places where it is less actively

moving from points of recharge to known points of discharge, yield

water that is moderately hard to hard* The basalt yields water of

varying degrees of hardness* Some wells that tap water in the alluvium,

the Yonna formation, and basalt aquifers, (see table 1) yield hard water*

Water of Poor Quality

Hie ground water of inferior quality occurs in two situations*

(1) The wafcra and hot water in the warm rocks coincident with certain

fault zones and (2) the water of normal temperature in the alluvium

adjacent to the evaporation basins of Lower Klamath Lake and Tule Lake*

The warm and hot water occurs along fault zones, particularly at Olene


c-'i v ' v --.-.;; JL' -i! ;- f rj.-;.. i s -s oncd.131 *a -curt

51

Gap, south of Lorella in Laagell Valley* and east and above the hot-

spring area in the eastern part of Klamath Falls* The high-temperature

ground waters contain considerable amounts or sodium sulf ate and lack

the normal amounts of magnesium (see table It)*

In some of the alluvium near evaporation areas in the Tule Lake

and Lower Klamath Lake basins the ground water contains objectionable

concentrations of sodium bicarbonate. In a few places it contains

concentrations that make the water undesirable for irrigation use.

Minor ;<a»ateB. s .rcaand.

Boron

' Boron in small quantities is essential for all plant growth butit

in slightly larger quantities/may be harmful. The most sensitive crops

may be injured by water having more than 0»33 ppm of boron. More

tolerant crops may be irrigated without harmful effects with water

having as much as 3«7S> ppm of boron (Scofield, 1936),

All the water samples analyzed contained less than 1.0 ppm of

boron (see table b)« The highest concentration^ 0.96 ppm, represents

a water sample from well 38/9-28H1, a hot-water well used for heating in

Klamath Falls. In most water used for irrigation within the basin

the concentration of boron ranges from 0 to 0.0$ ppm.

Fluoride

Drinking water having a fluoride content ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 Ppm

is considered beneficial to children's teeth during the formative period

usually between the ages of k and 12 years (Dean, 1936)*. Water having

a fluoride concentration greater than 1.5 ppm, when used for a long time

during the calcification of the teeth, may cause a mottling of the

enamel* Water analyzed'for fluoride had concentrations below or within

the commonly accepted limits for drinking water.

Iron

The permissible amount of iron in good domestic water, is considered

to be about 0*3 ppm. Concentrations greater than this will ..stain ..

laundry, fixtures and utensils. Th$ pumice and sand tapped-by * *~

well 31/?""2ljDl yields water that contains O.U8 ppm of iron. Of the waters

tested., this supply is the only one that contained excess-Iron. Owners

of several wells whose waters were not analyzed reported that the water

from their wells stained plumbing fixtures* Host of these reportedly,

iron-bearing waters come from red cindery zones in the basalt.

Gaseous Constituents , . .

A few wells obtaining water from the lava rocks are.reported to give

off a slight to moderately; strong odor of hydrogen sulfidle. A small

amount of hydrogen eulfide is normal for waters in the basalt of the

Pacific Northwest. .At least part of the gas represents volcanic

emanations trapped in the, rocks or decomposition of .sulfides of iron in

the lava rock (Jfeyers and Newcorab, 1952)* .. : ,t

Four wells5 UOO to 15300 feet deep, in alluvial deposits of the

KLamath Valley are reported unusable because of an excessive amount of

gas in the water. Undoubtedly many peaty beds are present in these

valley-fill deposits and when penetrated by wells they may release

a mixture of gases (probably mostly methane, carbon dioxide, hjrdrogen, nitrogen). ;> ,

sulfide, and / The removal of these gases, which ban be "accomplished


53

easily ty a^ratipoa_,iBakes the water usable for japst purposes.

-.;..... . -.- Tenperature - . . . .

The .waters from wells and sprigs throughout the basin have ...

considerable Itenpe^ These differences cannot be

explained wholly by the increase doe to the earth*? temperature gradient*of tfce water

Contact/with zones of warm or hot rook probably is tile win eauê of

their .abnonsBl., heat. Good exas^les of heating by.«vbhôontafe* are the

waters in the wells and springs in the Rot Springs addition of Klagath

Palls, where the water temperature ranges from 10P° F to more than 220°F.

hot walls and springs examined are in, or very near, knownand the valleys of the Lost River basin

Other wells in the Spragua River valley/prodttce water that is oon»

sidera^ly above the "normal" teig>e^tur*s ( fhwnaalM is considered to be

the Man annual atmospheric teiiper^ rise with

depth dtje to the ©a^th^tenêrature gradient,- wlii«h is youîiy 1°F for water is not of sriffidently high ten^peratttre to be called «hot.» Water from

well 36A1-17B1 in the Sprague River Valley has a t©u?>erature of 70° F,

which is approxiiaately 20° above norwal. Several other wells in this

area, above the town of Sprague River, tap waijer whose teji^jerature is ^

to 20 above normal. These wells tap water in ttie basalt and "sand**

layers under the thick "cha^c rock" layer* Jn the Poe Valley, water from

well 140/11-2A1 baa a ten^perature of 83°F, whioh is 36° aboy» th« .nonaal.

^feter from well U/12-12Q1, in Sand Hollow, is 23° above norml* These

are only two of the many wells that produce ground water 10° to 3d0

above the nornal. These warm waters indicate tiiat the earth^teflgperatttre

gradient muet be greater than normal, .at .least <4a part a* a,>esttlt qcf

the haat. .effects 'of. fftult aon©s* - , - -^ ; ^K,^ -,^ :,

, , Y . lâblidied records subject to revision

RECORDS KB mX&SpBXIi&: AHD CHEMICAL QQftLITT .OP' " * ' ' *

The remainder of the report contains 6 tables giving pertinent

information on the representative wells and ^rlngs in,the,âsin..

Table,! is a listing of data for the walls shown on. plate 2*

^.depthsiof theuell? (col. fy and the water levels

(col. 12 )f reported to the nearest hundredth of a foot, were measured

by the Geological Survey; those in whole feet were reported by driller

or owner, .The yield shown in, column UrlaHaot necessarily the, in'yield of the puwp ''

q£ which the well is capable, .bat siiigpiy jfeê/ (in most cas^s estiiaated

from, the piae of the pun?) on the well). .Host, wells have po,t«oiital^yie;lds

greater than those shown in coluain Ik* . ,

StateiJients on occurrence/of the .gôun^ water at each well (col,

have: been interpreted from, the recor^ of that particular well an4 «ay

seem to involve some inoonsistencie^r^fpr escawple, for,, certain we3JLs .-," *' « ; "*> : . * >'' ' '

, ta^ tjie. regional body of unconf ined water, the occurrence may be

as confined because local bedg of nonwater-t)earing tnaterial excluded.i. ' ,. i , ~f ' . .

water from, the well until it extended some depth below^ .tfe^ noraalx« ' » »«,' V K .V.tt

the ,water table in the vicinity* » .,.. ..... ^ .. ...,, *.,*>

^prjasetttai^w logs, : of, nearly 100 wells shown in ta^Le. l.^d on

âî. 2 are given in table 2* The atra]bigra,pihic headings were inserted

by the authors* The drillei*1 terms are g^yeji, f or the materl«tLsf . ,

penetrated and in some places 1&e. authors* interpretations, of tjiese

follow- in jparentlxeses, Tb^ .drjlêrs1 term "chalk rock" is

applied, to tfrfi: white, or light-colored, volcanic ash, dia*;pii&te |$ff* °*.

clay of the Tonna formation. The. term "chalk11 is applied, to;;,ê l^ss .

compact varieties of these materials* Somf drillers* .terms for tfce/


55

materials encountered in wells, are given in quotation marks where it is

believed that other classifications may be possible*

Table 3 contains "basic data on the representative springs showa

on*plate : 2.

The chemical analyses listed in table It. were made of representative -'.*... . '.

samples of the ground water by the Geological Survey and others as

noted in the footnotes*

Measurements of spring and stream discharge are summarized in

''''' Table ': 6 is a" compilation of water levels in observation wells

measured- periodically during the investigation*

if-'I-

Unpublished- records subject to revision

56

Table 1.- Representative Wells

of wells

Topography where well is located: P, plain; S, slope; U, upland* Altitudes

of well construction: Bd, bored; Dg, dug; Dn, driven; Dr, drilled* Ground-water occurrences C, confined; P, perched; U, Ifaconfined. Mater-level information 8 Depths and water levels expressed in feet and

feet were reported by owner or driller. P, flowing well, static level

of pmap* C, centrifugal; J, jet; H,n<enaf P^. plunger* S, - Use of waters D, domestic; H, heating (space); Ind, industrial;

S, stock* Chemical values given in columns 16 and 1? determined by field methods.

Wellno.

w

Owner oroccupant of property

(2)

H0

<D )>I *O <O

Ctj rO

H ctfT3 4^ (D

N^?

f£j "T* O

ctf S ctft | U.J

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(5)

09

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(6)

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OX~N

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(7)

Water-bearing zoneor zones

1O * *" »

A3 A*1^

(8)

10

C IDJ2 ©o <HS~

(9)

Character-.AOI

materials

(10)

T» 27 S.. R> 8 E,

21KL Q. ¥. Damon P Dr 220 ii,755

6 220 25 15 Pumice 85 1 Rock

21K1 Ray Damell

T. 28 S

Dg 37.9 1*6 38 27 11 Pumice

8 E.

17K1 Southern Pacific Co. P Dr 161 8 161 156 5 Sand andgravel

20E1 Qrady Gooch

20E2 J. K. Pinkley

Dr 120

Dr

Basalt

do*

57

in -Hie Klaroath River Basin

is shown on plate 2j

determined by altimeter and map interpolation

decimals were measured by the Geological Survey; those given in whole not known; plus measurement, static level above the surface*

turbine; T, turbine*irrigation; N, none; 0, observation; PS, public supply; RR, railroad;

$

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Water level

<D

o c<D CDfeH

Date

'«m

O *H

Chemical characterof thewater

a *oH

Remarks

11) (13) 11*) (15) (is (19)

N N

P .28*85 8/26/5U J, 20 D . Ill U

Materials penetrated were . pumice,M 0. to UO ft, rock UO to 220 tt; no water encountered below 85 ft*

Supplies motel*

C 28(7) 10AV26 P, 25 RR ' '

U 80 J, 10 D

0 91.U9 8/26/5U S, 10 D 16 2

Diamond lake station well; see table 2 for log*

Supplies motel and service station*

Supplies restaurant, service station and cabins*

Table 1.- Representative Well

Well no.

(1)

0wne# or occupant of property

(2)

Topography and ap- pro^dmate altitude (feet above sea level)

-

.. (3)

0)

U).

*"+. P0)P4-1

Xrf'

$P.

8

(5)

ta.aneter (inches)

(6)

bn5 .00pj0

%s1

(7)

Water-bearing zone or zones

1 S 43*

Q>

$$,r(8)

Thickness (feet)

(9)'

Character of

materials

do)

T» 28 « 9 E«

21E1 Brooks-Scanlon Co. Tl 670 13. . IT it8Q . Basalt

TV 29 8.. R, 8 E»

6N1 John Zbinben PI

7R1 Southern Pacific Co* P

32L1 Weyerhaeuser Tiiriber Co.

J. 0*Coanor

T, 29 S« f R« 10E«

19D1 KLamath Indian Re&ervation

t 30 3

6A1 Klamath Indian Reservation

« 7 E*

Dr 6 80 100 Gravel

Dr 128 8 6lt 96 32" Basalt

Dr

P Dr $2.5 6 li,620

P Dr 185.5 8 li,600

P Dr 205 6-h

Pumice

11G1 do*

T«.3Q 8 E.

6K1 Raymond Logging Co*

Dr 122,8 6

Dr Ilj3 8 30 Sand, black


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Table I*- Representative Wells

Wellno.

*, ,~..,

ax

Owner or occupantof property

. .^ . . .......

- m

' f ':'\ <D ® . S^ ^CO mi-p-tf

TJ «H V C -P co

, cC 0) JC <D Op.-«P JDcc) cb cDt* 6O.! «(*4 "P

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T. 30 S*, R» 1 E» - Continued

J».P.

22D1 do*

P Dr 3U*7 2 U,535

P Dr 90 6 50

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Basalt

2201 do* Dr

22K1

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23E1

do*

do.

do*

do* .

P Dr 65 6 U,530

P Dr 59.1 6

p Dr 190 6 U,525

P Dr 100 6

P Dr U,525

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C« L; Lcreuz

I Mrs. A. De3ortoli

2H1 W* M. Zumbum<, :. .; '-. .. , -,t : . -,.-..

IjHl Hawkine Cattle Co.

Continued

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10

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Alluvium

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do*

19L1 w. M. Bray

Lee Hatcher

28C1 R. H* Mettle

33H2 H. D« Rafter

36Q1 Edna Stanton

P Dr 165 6 M80

Dr 290

Dr 82

S Dg 1)0 60 it,300

P Dr 101.6 6 - / ' ' .- '*' ' U,182 >: : Unpublished records subject to revision

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do)T* 35 S .». R« 7 E.

7D1 W. JE. Davis

4 -» f vV '^ . A.». ».>>'

7F1 Plantz Bros.

% ; do* '-' . .Jci;;;'. - " » ./>?. ..«v. ; -

32J1 Ivan Doak

3UN1 Mrs. Elsie Burton

T."35 8.. R* 8

6C1 Itenry Wolf

Continued

S Dg 18

S Dr 68 k,l#

U Dr 138

U Br 152

Dr

Dr 290


8 12 JL1 U Gravel, coarse

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do*

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6 60

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Table I,- Representative We:

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(1)

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I1 <D <D

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(10)

T. 35 S.» R. 9 E.

10H1 Evelyn :Cheraldd i ' '-' V- f" .- ' ' ,

13N1 Calvia Barney

36E1 David G. Sheen

T» 3S;8V R. 10 E.

19B1 Ted Grume

Continued

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do.

Sand

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22KL L. G. Griffith

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6

6

8

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V«\"- ".^ , Chalk rock

. , ..published records subject to revision

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Character of

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(10)

T» 35 , 12 E.

26ML J» Foster; Estate .

2?G1 Sam Godowa

27Q1 Henry Noneo

32G1

;- ;- . .- .-.';

3to Joseph Godowa '

i -1 * 1 '"..' 3SD1 Andy Foster

T. 35 Sv R. lit E,

29B1 Mrs* F. Obenchain

31J1 Harry Obenchain

32N1 0* H. Osbom

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3L1 Robert Sloan Dr 80*2 6

3P1 .do* : , , -, P Dr 116 6 116


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Tr M 8+.g . R, 6 E,

10K1 Fish & Car3|Sta«ora .

T. 36 S,. R« 7 B.E. ! '

Continued

P Dg

J, MiUer

9Q1 G* E* Johnson

15K1 Tony Zadina

15K2 Laima Lisnber Co*

J. L. Hobadc

15Q1 Wra. Helm

8

Dr 130

P Dr U85 6

P Dr 280 6 Sand, fine

Dr 250

Dr 160

6 22*0 2iiO 10 Basalt 90 150 Alluvium

Dr ;200 6 200 170 30 Gravel

P Dr 6 200 9 Sand, fine

T« 36 S_«.« R« 10 E.

2P1 Irw^i Crume P Dr 625 6

P Dr 3kOU,335

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Wellno.

(1)


(2)

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T, 36 R« 12 g. - Continued

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1 S 45Jg g«l«5 Cfcjr(8)

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Tt 38 Sv R. 10 E>

George M; Staey *P Dr

13D1 Lv M Hankins p

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Dr 220.9 16

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216 $ Red cinders

KLamath Oowfcy zr ~ p Dr

<J^:Mitdi«n Dp $21*

5 50

20D1 Dave Liskey Estate P Dr 1,1UO 12

329 Lava boulder and cinders

26Ct Dave Mskey Estate" Dr 582 16 15 560 21 Porouslava rock

5P1 Leonard Hitter

6N1 J; P, Colahan

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Dr 8 20 135 Sand

325 ' 16 -18 315 10 Cinders

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ff P I hJ s? O g ct- I

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(10)

T, 38 S»j R» 11 E, - Continued

7B1 S, Hartaler , S Dr 19i* , 20

\ I * '

tcT Christine Williams P

7M1 Louis Tofel

9K1 Cox Bros*

P 1

SU,370

Dr 586 16

Dr 260 12

Dr 320 8

17A1 do*

Ern3,e Hitter

Haskijis & Co«

Fred Rueck

Dr

P Dr 14,182

S Dr

P Dr 14,160

" .- *»', ',' ,','; .;» ' * « ..

Unpublished, records subject to revision

Basalt

56.7 19 Brokenrode

220 16

18 Red and gray cinders

310 10 Lava rock

do*

12 100

178 16 20 55 120 Brokenlava rock

Dr 226.8 10 85 77 Sandstone seams in yellow shale

211 6 v 178 210 1 Broken .lava rock

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pera

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(9)

Character of

materials

(10)

f» 38 8., R« lit B»

2P1 J. Angel P Dr 16 Lava rock

3J1

Jr* If,; BankingO' , - . ;>-.~ t f.

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10F1 J* N. Drew

11H1 Bradley Estate

Dr

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fl Br 14,190

S Dr

583 18 31 556 , 27 do.

19k 16 20 110 8U Brokenporous

22lt 16

200 16

faO do*

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P Dr 285 6 kQ 272 13 Broken k,178 ; , f . lava rock

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lava rock

Joe Sierra .P Dr .280 16 8 272 8 Brokenlava rock

12M1 Challis P Dr 1*25 12 18 1*01 2k Porous k,l56 s lava rock

Unpubli^ied records subject to revision

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Character of

materials

(10)

12M2

T, 3$ S.» R> 111 E« - Continued

Challie P Br 1*,162

150

- - , x..

12 5 1W 2 Red porous lava rook

1301

13N1 William Konig

P Dr 183 16

P Dr 600 20 16

-. f V j.

161 22 Broken lava rock andcinders . * . ,* *\'

Diatomacepus ash

13P1'

OirinU*200

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Dr 60

16 16 i|68 17 aroken lavmrock and , oirfders

6 22 19 1*1 Brokenlava rock

. ;

l£Rl t. M. Hankins Dr 12 362 133 Lava rockand cinders

23F1 Clif Dr 286 12 lit 225 61 Porouslava rock


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120:

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Wellno.

(1)


(2)

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Character of

materials

(10)

T» 38 S,» R, Hi: E» » Continued

m.

2®i; - '

25EL

'»'". 26H1

29B1

2£ri

Virgil Schmoe

ffes£khs;& Co, ''- - ' ;-* . - ; J . . ' >

'"'I '.

Richard Hoef fler

Cliff Seward

L* M. Hankins '

Guy Barton

P Dr 996 20 880 \U9 k,l66

P Dr 981* 18 kO 981t 11U.i^o'

P Dr 276 19it 82. v , '.,

P Dr 191 20 20 183 8U,162

S Dr :ij.,206

S 'Dr 136 16 60 100. v 36U,207

Lava rock and cinders

Brokenburntlava rock

Lava rock.-".'* .';v .

Brokenlava

Lsva rock

Porouslava rock

30M1 L. M. Hankins

W.-'l, Iflfoytall

Dr 281 16 223 22 Lava rock

P Dr 175 120

i )' ,- 30RTf do Dr 12

18 Broken lava rock and cinders

123 22 Cinders

32Q1 L.- Lv f»orterfi*ld P Dr 197 16 6h 130 6? do.

o

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o>c*-

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pera

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Table I,- Representative Well

Wellno.

a)


(2)

ftE

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(9)

Character of

materials

(10)

T, 38 S,, R, IliE, - Continued

33F1: Baa

3100., t. Norton

SMIO

SM30

S

Dr

Dr

Dr

96

200

57 '

6

16

10

Basalt

do* r,

do*

Dr 55*1 16>

Br itfO 18

18 39 Broken lava v rp*$k atfti cinders

T. 8 S... R>

32N1

_ 22EL'

36R1 Q« L. Moore

& 6 80 22b 26 Lava rock

39*$' 8

Dr 300 10?

S Dr 108 i,120

Unpublished records sublet to revision

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Basalt

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ce

Fee

t be

low

land-s

urf

ace

datu

m *

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of p

ump

and

its yield

(gpm)

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dnes

s as

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03

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orid

e

§ §d- o 3

P-

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o>1

c*

Item

pera

ture

at

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Table 1,- Representative Well

Wellno.

a)


(2)

i=r

1 0) 0)&*S HCO P _ -P CO'O *H 0 C P WCO H

cfl <D

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|||(3)

0

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^

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m

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CuOc HmCOo

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(7)


1 S^p

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(8)

0) W

P

(9)

Character of

materials

(10)

1P1 Charles M* Ohles

L* W» Soukup

T« 39 S«A R» 7 S» - Continued

Howard S Dr 20U

T« 39 S«. E«, J8 £

P Dr Iit8M75

U Dr 170

6 25

12

20 98 161

Basalt

r ' . i,"» ; -».;.

ttGraveln

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9 Basalt

Lee HoUiday

12R1 H, W. Leitzke

13A1 do.

Dr

Dr 270

Dr 110 8 110 98

1UQ1 L. A« 5*&th

22L1 D* B« Colwell


S Dr 150 6 50 U»130

S Dr 283.5 8 36

13J1 Weyerhaeuser Timber S Dr 817 12 19U 229 1 51 Basalt Co. ii,120

Gravel

Basalt

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ness

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p

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pera

ture

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feet

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datum

of p

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its yield

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03

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39

S.f E, 9

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s. ' S 2 e VA S 3 oa .e o

~ J

3

(P Owner °r occupant

of

property

Top

ogra

phy

and

ap

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e alt

itu

de

(fee

t ab

ove

sea

level

)

type

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pth

(fee

t)

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ches

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th o

f ca

sin

g

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(fee

t)

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Water-bearing zone

or zones

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vn

a

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ence

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datu

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its yield

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as

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orid

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o o <D

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M-

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pera

ture

(°

P)

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cs (D P w

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Table 1.- Representative Wella

Wellno.

a)


(2)

11 (I) 0) &t5 H_ -P «J*O *H Q)C -P W

ctf 0)

JM CD O

cC cti cC

f 4>Q)

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(3)

0)PL,

^

M

^

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(5)

CO£I HhJS

fl(6)

to c H 03t6 O

VlO

£9-a(7)


1O '"""*

<t>4^ {^_ll"~

(8)

COBO

"o $ tH ^Hg^

(9)

Characterof

materials

(10)

T« 39

al^fOa Henley School

R« 9 E« - Continued

- .- ,- Pf105

Dr 250 Sand

Stoute, I Dr ^085

1*68 1*65 2 Basalt

. . . .

2901 Ralph Waggoner Dr 1,300 6 Alluvium

31HL 3l«i Gray.

"'!', TV? ^/"U -

32P1 Fred Peters

32Q1 Joe Milan!

33R1 Don E* Johnson

Dr 177 8 ill 165 12 Basalt(?)

Dr Ui5 8 10 ' 85' 60 do.

Dr

31|E1 .U.' S Air Force T -. \ . S Dr,".>!,*. <«^.*- T^k.'** ^

> ' : ^,300

3l|Pl Earl W. Mack P Dr '- - . -,-: -/, .,: -.^115.-'.: ;


Dr 110 6

81*

500

6

8 10.6

Basalt (?)

do.

do*

756 10 1*05 7li5 8 do.

vn

vro

-

VA

VA tt CO

H

-4 » .VA

to.

\010 o ro

o

U> sj

O * CD

h*

ro VJT

CD

Gro

und-

wat

er

occu

rren

ce

Feet

below

land-surface

datu

m Sf

Type

of

pum

p an

d it

s y

ield

(gp

m)

Use

Har

dnes

s as

CaC

C>3

Chl

orid

e

8-S

»

<D

O

»

P-

Tem

pera

ture

(°

F)

(D f5 f c*- I ex

Table 1,- Representative Wella

Well no.

(1)


(2)


(3)

0)

(4)

s-^

<D 0)

(5)

TUameter (inches)

(6)

to d HtoOj O

O

!(7)


1

<DX! <D

P

(8) j

Thickness (feet)

(9)

Character of

materials

(10)

T« 39 S«, R» 10 E, 7C1 Don Kenyan . . , S

t?^U-.

7H1 Sst&r'Hewell' i; l*,195

Dr

Br

312

230

.'v,.- ' =;.JJ..

601 Andrew Collier

.8 275 37 Lavacinders

6 2*2 180 50 Sand

Dr 1,200 10 180

8J1 Mfe, Calvary Cemetery S Dr 380 8I*,200

Dr $00 8

$0. C. E. Dunn

12H1 -John Marshall

13J1 <T;1U 1

13Q1 Rex E. High

11*83. do.

' i- ' ;

Henry

Dr l,3itO 12 20 1,QQO ,1 Sand .

1it,130

tit,08o

3

Dr

Dr

80

ko

120

6

tf

8

ItO

SMfco

S Dr 720 U,150

Unpublished records subject (to revision

* ilQO

Dr 1,276 6 10

i-

Chalk rock

do.

Chalk rock

ti'

u> II

,i* ID-

<35l

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ro §

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Fee

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£ (D

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its yield

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s G*

as

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03

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orid

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8-9

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o

c*

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erat

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136'


Wellno.

a)


(2)

I1 Q) 0)

S1«I S "

CQ <D

_c*| fl) O£i,<fJ ôcti oj cdL| &DJ ^J «^3Q y <DP- O <D

(3)

0)Q,

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^^

0}<D

«H

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(5)

<^N

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5

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(6)

bo5 HSCD O

Cj_jO

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(7)


S&'+>

<Dâ 0)«P «Hr(8)

m60

S ^-> 4*7

Vj QJO (D

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(9)

Character_x»Of

materials

(10)

Henry Grimes

E» A. Eggers

U 10 E« - Continued

Dr

Lewis

S

S.* 1

'.' S

300 6 20

Dr ItOO 6

blade

Basalt

Dr 511 6 60 509 1 Sand,unite

16Jl Henry Grimes

' ,''. . V

18D1 W. F. Hilyarg

18E1 I. J, Dixon , -.

19K3. ^>1* filton .. ;<-.*

21P1 N. W. Banta P

Sk,l80

SIi,200

SU,210

t

Dr

Dr

Dr

Dr

800

201*

80 !

115 '

6 60

6 '"

«,

6 ' 5 60

2

Sand,black

"Quicksand"

. . -». »« . ; < v ?,:. >' 20 Sand,

black

Sand

Dr 276 5 63 27fe 2 Grawl

Benny Babson ' :>/ , ,. P

28C1 «.

Unpublished records sulêct to

br

Dr 71*0 6 ^ Sand, black M

*P r»

--

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so

ca

'a ;.;'a

a-

ft-

f « IT a

a

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JP

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ft »l

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Grou

nd-w

ater

oc

curr

ence

Feet

below

land-s

urf

ace

datu

m tf

g-

Type o

f pump a

nd

its yield

(gpm

)

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Har

dnes

s

Chl

orid

e

B- §

CD

H>

O11

s

Tem

pera

ture

(°F

)

GO

3 CD

0} £r CD CO

H' o Q

138


Wellno.

a)


(2)

I1 Q> <D

Q-f *o r^rt S tsTJ *H Q) C-P 03

fe^ j£ C 0} Op.. 45 ,0co cti tdL) 6b.1 »H *p

III

(3)

1)

^

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^^

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^^

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(5)

<^-N

03

g

i

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(6)

Ctt

(0td o

C>_|0

Jf* p1

(7)


1O <*<~v

0)XJ Q) P «H

(8)

mCO

§43^d <DO <D

g^

(9)

Characterof

materials

(10)

T» 39 S», R, 10 E, <* Continued

2951 aien'Dehlinger ":.?"» * Dr 350 6 31*8 2 Basalt

29D1 C, R. Millard

%*,£::: - - ', / '

3U1 W. Woodard

3N1 J, Haeeltine

P Dr 200

T, 39 8>.« R> XI

Sand

P Dr 118 6 9k 112 6 do.

Dr 312

Dr iiOO 6 100 360 kO Lava rook

¥, Haley

, :'^n ' ' " /:.! ,., * * 'i -6D1 R»" House V *

8J1 W» H* Cacebeer

9R1 J, Davidscn

Dr 316 6 68 288 28 Broken lararock and red cinders

Dr 96 6 71 92 k Red cinders

Dr ii60 8 h$0 10 Lava rock

Dr 283- , 6 ,||D 874 .7 Brownlava rock

NO gi NO CO

NO

CD \n

vn

s

H*

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t»

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ra vn ON CO

Grou

nd-w

ater

oc

curr

ence

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land-s

urf

ace

datu

m o

f s

Type

of

pum

p an

d it

s y

ield

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Hard

ness

as C

aC03

*

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ride

If

d-

O

0)

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<D

H»

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c*

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erat

ure

CD 3- CO

5- I P £0 (D CO O I

Table l t- Representative We!

Well no.

a)


(2)


(3)

Q)

(4)

0} <D

|

(5)

Diameter (inches)

(6)

ttOc-HSO

O

5p- 8

(7)


^5 ^5

<DA 0)*J fc«

(8)

Thickness (feet)

(9)

Character of

materials

(10)

S*. R, 11 B« » Continued

^ . x'vi %2. ". '.* ,.

10N1 Bob Hartley

12Glv~B; Ei

13H1- »-<M*9*s- Walker

16J1 Mary Schroitt

^ rt&V-*","-' -MI-: ,-.r : '":' ' 19Nl;; ^iaainath County

*'*, \'i«'.>^ -^ <J ; V-. ,

20G1 Homer-Bolt

-'* .?

Br

Dr

U,250

;v-s . ( I

s Br

' rS Ihr

S Dr U,170

3 Broken rock

166 6 UO 163 3 Brown.

Dr 180

2U3

80 100 Basalt

U8

312 ' 10-8 25

16 20

Basalt

cte.

I

* \T'- VI' "JbNi K*

n!^t *-. ». 7- *"?*.#

36R1 tester

30iH- liH

»' » N . " V-''i.v

30P1 Ii* B* Holzhauser

i*,230

S Dr

subject

5* .-, 12

16- 12

96

Dr it?6 6

Basalt

do*

cs NO vn g

8 »

o »V

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co

ON

» |S>

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»-*

09

NO

Grou

nd-w

ater

oc

curr

ence

Feet

below

land-surface

datu

m

1of

pump

and

its yield

(gpm

)

Use

Hardness

as C

aC03

Chlo

ride

»S

V>

(D

o 3

p.H> O O

.STP.

Tte

mpe

ratu

re

CO

(D J=d w CO f I a

Wellno.

(1)


(2)

91 <D 0fli'D i-4CO P

«P CO

C! -P 03COH

»C fl) O

Ctf TO fl3

fejj -P

PL o <UEH CL^.-'

(3)

0Oi

S

(4)

430)

<£

P

(5)

^-s03

JB8 HI* P

iS

(6)

to a H (0cd 0

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gt(7)


1 S +=T

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(8)

0)n

o ®*rt ^HI

(9)

CharacterOx

materials

(10)

T. 39 S,* R» 111 E,

& Ii.

6B1 f

P : Dr U,205

260 16 21 ISO 110 Bawlt

Dr ' Ii55 3.6 170 : 380 75ciwtei

10B2 L» J* Horton Br 50.9 16 30 ll* k7 Broken lave : ." t' rjo^a^i

cinders

12H1 A. E. Borgdorf

"Virgil SehB»e

P 1

P

Dr 217 6 i|2 177

Dr 2,510 12!

Broken lava rook

Basalt(?)

20K1 Frank Sullivan

22Jl P. T. Hatchett

S Dr M90

S DrU»ioo

Dr 900 12/, lip

Sand,white

rook

, . - ,. . . Unpublished records subject to revision

o

a

cj

8? i 8

£

»£

vn W

'o

03

C-

JR*

*~

CO i

*^ o

oa

<r

a

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l

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i

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ro u> vn CO

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Ground-water

occu

rren

ce

Feet

below

land-s

urf

ace

datu

m 0> sr1

of pum

p an

d It

s yi

eld

(gpm)

Use

Har

dnes

s as

CaC

03

Chl

orid

ei

Tem

pera

ture

(°

P)

i »

P i a.

Table 1.- Representative Welli

Wellno.

(1)


(2)

I1 0) 0)S<T2 -*

CO S3 P flj

*O <H tt) C «P co" S »P-P JDcd cts cdfe5 4Ô ?s OI"R^

(3)

Q>

S

(^)

s-^

0>

H

I"P

(5)

CO

g

^

$

#

(6)

to C H CO05 O

o

50,

S

(7)


1 P 4^

C <D*4^ î^^ *^<ur-* fll

(8)

CO CO

S ^-- ,1^

"o o*r4 4-1e^

(9)

Character of

materials

(10)

28R1

T* 39 S«« R* 111 E« - Continued

îskey -., f P ".- r ..-;-. ----- M-5o

ndo* . ,, ,.,..-.». -S I /' ../.' *. "!'. MOO

-'; - .- -. ,. . -« '..

^* \io5;VA -:î- ~ . . . '"",' /fiÎwppi . P

^,, 4 . -,. - t>. . .

" * dOwv * r. - - *

r - 1*^130

jr Railing ' S

Dr

Dr

Dr

3>"

Dr

Dr

Dr

Hi2

251 i

U60

1 -2liO '

32ib

220

12.ft)

6

6 60<n

6

6

6

30C1 Taylor High Dr 62

33B1 1. F1 .

T> 39 St.

S 1

P

12 E.

Dr 300

Dg

6E1

Jerry McCartie

do.

S Dr li,260

S Dr 125

12

Chalk rock

5U 36

322 20 Basalt

200 20 do.

52 58 7 do*

210 2 Sand layers

Alluvium

95 30 Basalt

do.

-

.-

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land-s

urf

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datu

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lype

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ield

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p.

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pera

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T. 39 $. R. 13 B. - Continued

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ft Dr 219 5 3*900 , , ( . r .,

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(10)

T« i|0 S,, R. 9 E« ~ Continued

10C1 W, Harnsberger P Dr Sand

13KL Jack O1 Connor

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Table 1,- Representative Wells

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(2)

&

1 0) <D P<*O H** £ <Q

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Character of

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(10)

T l»rt C2 T) "I *l T? _1i1j3i_~i*JL_£l2-^5L.£i*

A. W« -Shatgpp * -: ~s

Continued

Dr 1,000 13 fOO 300 Basalt

12D1 InLng Ross-

1261 ¥, Rajnus

S 'Dr -^65 6 33 ht li)5

«Rock ' (agglomerate )

Dr 193 ' 6 .6 18? 6 Sand,black

13F1 Jerry Ra jnus

13KL do*

36P1 Carl Ciyah

36R1 Rudolph Paygr

3Q1 John HcFall

S../ -v- J

S 1

' > ;-S * ' i

U 12 E»

Dr 300 12 Basalt

Dr

Dr 155 8 5 128 25 Sandstone153 2 San?

Dg5,050

6B1 P* 0. Freuer S Dr


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Alluvium

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c,

sl=

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fc co CO 8 I O

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ro u> vn »-*

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nd-w

ater

occurrence

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below

lan

d-s

urf

ace

datu

m o>

s Iof

pum

p an

d it

s yie

ld (

gpm

)

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dnes

s as

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03

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orid

e£

pP>

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p

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Tem

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ture

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(2)

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(9)

Character of

materials

(10)

6Gl fr. 0». Freuer

T, fro 8+^ R« 12 E« - Continued

.,S Dr 21*0

**.-"- : --< 20 150 10 Basalt ,: 215 .23

: ' ' '" '- :V :? .-»

10B1 John McFall

18D1.' l(uj. Kajnus

31J1 Hugh' Rick

31Q1, Richard Craven

33KL T» E. Weatherl^r

3ltKL A* Cr. Gross

U Dr 5,050

S Dr

S

S "., " I

33 E,

1B1 R. A. Smith

1J1 Robert R. Davis

Dr

Dr

Dr

10

550 . 16 . .£

175

153

110

10

8

6

Dr 625 16

Dr 180 6

Dr 67

Unpublished records eabjeot to revision

Chalk rock(?)

Basalt

Sand, . black

f21 127 26 Sand, brown

and black

Basalt

Alluvium

do*

o

8H

1b CO

CO

8 vn COCO

e S CO o CO

8§ §

^n* 8

vn

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g »

8.8

o-t*'

l3 h?

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nd-w

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occurrence

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land-s

urf

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datu

m

* 1

Type o

f pump a

nd

its yi

eld

(gpm)

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as CaC

03

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§ $°&§ P

(D

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^S

-g

Temperature

CD w

3

(D

P » I CO 3* I O s H- 1 a

tt

160

Table I,- Representative Wa

Wellno.

(1)


(2)

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cfl CD tdfc5 4*O W <D

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(3)

(D

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(5)

CO

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S(6)

toSmcd o

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(7)


O3

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09 09

O <D rH **H&~

(9)

Characterof

materials

(10)

T« 1*0 S«, R, 13 E. ~ Continued

281

2F1' ' , :

3D1

ItGl

3. B« Cambell

.» «sert Dehlinger: i t

bzhugft', '' i", 'C . ' ,'

-4. ' . ..,.-,

L, Harris and . >n

^y Walker

Roberts

E. Monrow

C* Johnson

W. Dearborn

.ter Smirh, Sr.

wtt

P, - ^

' S1*,165

Pli«ll*0

S

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. SU,220

S1*,300

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Dr

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Dr

Dr

120

160

8£

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Table I.- Representative We:

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(2)

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Character of

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(10.)

Y, UP S«» R. 13 E«

12R1 Caldwell Bros*

13J1 Eugene Wall

S. W* Brown

Continued

Br 90

P Br 100 5 U,135

P" Br 335 6 Chalk rock?..*.? -:. ' t<. -'I:* ' '*' ^ . ,: Uj*35

23J1

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U, S. Soil Conser- Svation Service U, 220

M. X. Undsay -^ v«t ; i' * * ' ' '. ' li,lB

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18L1 Lloyd GiftU,138

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(1)


(2)

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Characterof

materials

(10)

T« UP S«j R, lit E« - Continued ' 19KL John L. Sullivan P Dr 100

32B1 Eric Furlundv- "-'/'I

3210. Fred Furlund

S I

S

Dr 50 6

Dr 255 12

2*8 2 "Sandy zone"

130 12U Basalt

T, lq

16A1 Perry Langer

OJCkxraior

a 8 E>

9 E

S

B.

Town of Iferriii

.*&:t£«"Barney. .., ,,.- S

153 BasaltDr 162 18

Dr 1*00, 6

Dr 1,088 12 119 lOitf 1*1 Basalt 8 102ii

Dr 5kO 12*- 21 l&k 1*6 Agglomerate 10 r ,! '.'V <?)

Dr 330 12


Gravel,

in the Klamath River Basin - Continued

165

Ground-water occurrence

(11)

Water level

Feet below land-surface

datum

(12)

Date

(13)

p<

O p^

0> CO p, -p

l5

(1U)

<D

5

(15)

Chemical character

of water

«> en03 O 0) OC rt o o

Is(16)

Chloride S3 s«-

(17)

Temperature (°F)

(18)

Remarks

(19)

U 6-8 .95k J, 5 D

U 8/.5/5U-

C 7.6 8/ 5/5U B, S

Owner reports U8 ,ft of basalt above aquifer*

Owner reports 130 ft of silt, sand* and "chalk rock1* above aquifer and a sandy and silty zone below aquifer5 drilled for irrigation but inadequately cased| caving resulted*

U 3*5 12/22/& Irr Hot used much*

U100 1951* J, :5 D, S

U U7 ll/ /39 T,350

69 See table 2 for log and table U for chemical analysis of water*

U 82 5/ /Sh N

UU8

Irr

195U T, Irr 1,000

7vfeter level draws down 38 ft ., when pumped at 1,000 gpmj see

table & fox* log*

Water level draws down,-about iift when pumped at 1,000 gpm*

Itopublished. records .subject to revision

166

Table 1.- Representative We

Wellno.

a)


(2)

^1 <D 

0)«Ci <|)

r(8)

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^ (PU <D

(9)

Character of

materials

(10)

T« iq S, f R« 10 E« - Continued

8R1 E. M. Hitchell U Dr 106

9L1 Wendel Moore S Dr 781 12 21 600181 Sand M20

1GL1 Fatherington Bros* S

11H1 Leo McKoen.

Dr 678 12 17 610. 27 «rock»..(agglomerate?)

Dr 180 6 60 115 27 Sand and chalkrock

0. N, Hodges

17D1 E. H. Mitchell

T, 111 S,,

U,093

R. n E.

Dr

Dr

1Q1 H. Clark P Dr U,063

26$

160

83

6 1*3 260 1 Sand

Handle Pope

5A1 Bernicemison S Dr 300

tJ ,- Dr 157 U,200

82 /V "l Sand -

6 18 ll|0 17, -Basalt.

6&L Walgreri . J'P Dr 107

^piililti6h6cjl records sub3ect to revision

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168

Table I.- Representative We

Wellno.

a)


(2)

.1cti 4 3 H

P COa -p er>t6 fH

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fc Jj +sO M (D

££,£

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(5)

/^->CO

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s? H COC0 O

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f^tp

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01w

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g"-

(9)

Characterof

materials

(10)

7D1 John O'Neil

9B1 Leland Pope

T* J& S«, R» 11.E* - Continued

Dr 770li,066

8 £L 730 UO Sand layers

Dr 178 6 50 177 1 Sand

Jack RatliflF. Jr.. P Dr l»65 6M59

llCt Adolph.Sacka>.< '.. "

12H1 Wilford Dixon

12H2 do*

lilLl J. R. Katliff

Dr 130

Alluvium' ^

6 UO 90 Basalt

"' '' fi'« P Dr 7i5 10 255 : 255 Sand layers

' , f ;

P - : ; Dr 820 : 6 81* ' 90295 do.

16J1 L. R. Neel

18M1 G. C. Haskins

Dr 200 6

P : Dr 110 6

Dr 200

Alluvium

do*

do*

P Dr 170 6 U,067

T* la S a , R* 12 E*

1Q1 J. V* Rajnus S Dr ^00 12


Basalt

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pera

ture

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170

Table I.- Reresentative

Wellno.

(D


(2)

I1 <D 0)

&i"U r-4cd ft p cdTJ *H (Ud -p mcd H

A (D Ocd txi cdLi f3K w3 -p

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450}

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(5)

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(6)

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S P* 4^

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(8)

0) W§*^P

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(9)

Character of

materials

. do).,., r To... Ill;-S« A. R» 12 ;E« -Continued '

£' *.''&» Sootgb ", S Dr 173 . 6 lil. 82 1 Chalk rock

Albert Stastny

George Smally

5C1 G. M. Freitag

6F1 Cartwright

10H1 E* &enyon

11C1 John McAulif fe

11L1 F* F. King

12B1 L* 5* Schriner

P Dr 76 14,110

h Alluvium

Dr 209 6 17 200 9 Basalt

Dr 167 8 13 160 6 do*

S Dr 70

P Dr 325 ,8

Dr 19k 6 58. Sand

Dr

Dr 200 198 , 2 Basalt

12G1 Frye & Barney

12H1 do.

S Dr 126 8

S Dr 300 16- -£6 : 165 135 do*

CO

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(°F

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';-

S- Cfl

H- g: Klamat

h River

Basin

- Continued

172

Table I.- Reresentative

Wellno.

(1)


(2)

1

CO J3 P CO

'O «H fl) C 4» COCOH

cti o>

Ct) CO CO

&J] 4»

III

(3)

«1?

U)

43(U<D

<H

5

fP

(5)

X~N

GO

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0)

is

(6)

tuO

5(0

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51

(7)


S.gtp

<D4^ ^4r(8)

00 00

vj m O fl>

fi^

(9)

Character of

materials

(10)

13A1 Leslie Unruh

15*1 Town of Malin

R» 12 $ - Continued

S Dr .4,135

P Dr

15F2 ~ do». .

30

Dr 32? 10-8 ,

Sand and gravel(?)

. do* .,

1901 D» P, Held

2i|KL W. G. Dalton

T« 10. S,. R» : ,13 B.

Frank Grohs U

13J1 McRenolds

18P1 Lovehess Lumber Co. S

19D1 ' * >"' > - /.' ' < * -v " t

Dg 30 ' *

Dr 751 8 180 611 32 Sand laminae

Dr

Dr 35 6, 22

Dr 55 6 k9

Alluvium

Chalk rock

P Dr 1UO t .-6 i|it 138 2 Sand,, ooarce U,085

g I

a 3 o I 01 I I

8 Q,

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>

Ground-water

occurrence

Feet

below

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datu

m 0)

c* CD

of p

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03

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pera

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Table 1,- Representative Wella

Wellno.

(1)


(2)

11 <D <DP<T5 H* S

TJ.H 0>

COH CO <D

_*^ (D OP'*P fO Cfl cti 05

43

BR£(3)

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5P,£P

(5)

*~~* CO

»c1 H$

S

(6)

boc

H (0COo

of*531

(7)


f 8 +»

0>^! <D*^ Rir(8)

COwS ^ 43V{ fljO $

fi^

(9)

Character of

materials

(10)

T, hi S.» R« 13 E, - Continued

P Dr 13619E1 P. Blohm

19F1 Lovenees Lumber Co. 8

R,

Charles Kilgore

do*

Dr 319 10 92 96 13. Basalt2?8 5

Dr 1I?0 6

Dr 210 16- 12

do*

8 70 2 Basalt breccia 170 8 do*

18G1 Stanley Johnson - - Dr 108 66 10U U Basalt

g Qb 3 O I 01 I V 5 si

H

H 8 VA

*=

"

O .«

H k

c{ CO

VA

V

A

^a

o

: .*

CD

V

A CD CO

®§

3 g

QB

*--*

O

O

fc?

. :1 8

-*

c} u>

o VA 8. o'

<*

co

'

fO'

U) vn.

oo

NO

C^o

und-

wat

er

occu

rren

ce

Fee

t be

low

lan

d-s

urf

ace

datu

m P srl^

rpe

of p

tunp

and

it

s yie

ld i(

-gpm

)

Use

Hard

ness

'a

s Ca

C03

Chlo

ride

?&g P

p.

Tte

mpe

ratu

re

R Lrks

g CD 3 P & ? 1 ca o § c*- * § a

VA

176

Table 2.- Materials Penetrated by Representative Wells /Tentative stratigraphic designations by R* C. Newcoml7

28/8-17K1. Southern Pacific Go* Diamond Lake Station well. Drilled byA* M. Jannsen, 1926

*,^. .. .. -. jiicaiess epth !teterial8 (feet) (feet)

Pumice of Mount MazamaiPoroice *».* ** «».««« «» «» » * 65 65

Old pyroclastic and alluvial deposits)Sand and gravel ..*..«.«.....*..*... IS 80Sand, gravel, and clay .*.......«*. .* » 1*2 122Sand and gravel .....«..*..«« .«.««. 28 1$0Sand .......................... k 15USand and boulders »«......«....«... * 2 156Sand and gravel ..».»..«»....... » . 5 16U

29/8-7RU Southern Pacific Co* Tamsay Station well* Drilled by:. ' ' ' . - " ' E..V* Enloe, 1926 ,.' ;'. V

,..«','. ' . t ',' *" j ~ ' *t»mnice *of Mount laiaaiaa with interbeclded pyroclastics

ahd alluvium* Pumice ,,.**.;*., i ............ , 35 35Sand, black, dry . »...«.....*.»...«.. 8, Ii3Pumice, white ^ ................. «.f v v%0- 53Qla^, brown . ;% ',.. .> . ';. ....... ... . . . . . > 62

Volcanic 'rocks, undifferentiatedtBasalt, bluish * f ..,«.*....... »,.. . . .\2Av' ''

, Basalt, honeycombed and wa tier-bearing inlower lit -Pt -. « . . V . > . .............. 22 128

30/8-30G1. 1 Souitoern Pacific Cp» Lena Station well* Drilled ' ' " ; V. Enloe, 192U

' * v - J> ............ . .... .. . . ...

hamice of - Mount, riasaraa and interbedded alluvium: ; -

Sand ., .- . . ^ i. .^ * '_ . » f .,*..i ., *?'»!* * »

, , .

k 1

272

198

. . MI *

18 19i{6

6775

Dhpublished records subject to revision

1??

Table 2,- Materials Penetrated by Representative Wells - Continued

31/7-2UG1* j. Ball* Sand Creek Service Station well. Drilled by, 19U9 ;,: <. : ..

Biidcness Depth (feet)' (feet)

$$5$pe of Mount; Mazaraa:

Pumice, light-Dink* firm «Pundce, oarjc-pit^., firm «

Pumice and coaeee sand, eon Pumice and sand, water-beai

12... 6

16.... 11** . . 6

7

12 18 3U lift

;5U61

31/15-32B1. Weyerhaeuser Timber Co. Pole Butte Camp well. Drilled. fcgr W. L. Hartley $

Volcanic and sedimentary^?) rocice, undif£©rentiated:Basalt ......................... 62 62"Sandstone" (tuff?) * ... * . ... , .. * . » -..'.* . 78- H*0Cinders (Pumiceous fragments) *»«*.**.*«*«* 1* ll»UBasalt .I.................. ., ., .. .. . U . . . 15 159Clay ....... . > ....... .v . ..... ^ . ... ... if 163Basalt V . . .... ... . .......... .-. . * . . 196 359Cinders . ............ . ......*.... 11 370Basalt;. .................. .. . .... . . 12 382Cinders, loose ...% . ;./» ...«*...*.»>..«. v 24 396Basalt, lowest 3 ft broken ...... . ........ 31 1*27Basalt ..... ... .............. * -V,. . 31 158Cinders . * . . ... .... ... ... v .... . . . . ... 9 1*6?

. Basalt ......................... 92 -559- Cinders . , .... . . ... ... ... . . , ......... . : 3 562

Basalt, broken, water-bearing at bottom ««...««. 201* 766Basalt ......................... 87 853Sandstone ....................... 20 673Basalt and green sand, water-bearing streaks ...«*» -152 1,025Easalt *«*.»«..«»...*..... . . o . * * 15 l^OljOL

178

Table 2«- Materials Penetrated by Representative Wells - Continued

3U/6-11K1. Christian Church, Sevenmile Creek Camp. Drilled byC, Hartley, 195U

.Alluvial deposits:

Clay, red ....... ................ 18 .18Gravel, fine .....«........*....*.. 7 25Gravel, coarse .......... ........... 59 81tClay ........................... Wi 128Shale (or compact clay) ................. Hi

Lava rocks, undifferentiatediLava, hard, blue» water-bearing ««..,« . . . . . * . ____ 3

35/7-5P1. Mrs* Cora Crystal* Drilled toy J. Wilson,

Yonna forwationjSandstone, brown ....«.......«....*«*. 6 10Hock, blue, very hard (agglomerate?) ........... 8 18Rock, gray (tuff?) .................... 12 30Gravel ... .».. « ««*.««»*«.*«»«« 25 55Gravel, fine and coarse (tuff?) ............. 190 2ii5Shale, green and blue .^. ............... 2ii5 U90Rock, gray ........................ 100 590Sand, water-bearing (sandy tuff?) ............ 10 600Clay and coarse sand ................... 20 520Rock, gray (tuff) .................... 25 6it5Clay, blue (fine-grained tuff?) ............. 5p 695

Lower lava rocks (?)«Rock, black ,.*...*......*«.,.... ..«.' ' 28

35/7-7F1* Plantz Bros.AHuviusu: ""' :/ - '-..- -i .-... -- r.i. . _. -......-.. ...-...-... .,. -- ..n..:. _r.r-i .-

Soil ........................... n 11Gravel .......................... U 15Sand ........................... 3 18

Alluvium or Yonna forma tion(?)jClay, blue ........................ Wt 62Gravel ................... Q «.. U 66Sand . ...... . 9 ......... .. .. ^ ........ 2 68


Table 2.- Materials Penetrated tgr Representative Well's' - Coritiirasd

35/7-314N1. Mrs* Elsie Burton; Drilled by J, Wilson, 1?50 '',""",

36AO-6KU Joe LaHoda* Drilled by J. VanJfeter, 19ii9

Alluvium*Soil, hardpan, and gtuubo ,...,.....,,,* 10.. . 10Clay, yellow, san$r * ...«*.«.. 31; UiSand, fine, .with clay * »* . , , . . V. . '.V.V.* ] * h $Gravel, coarse « . . ..*...'. . *....,. » * ' * k $2Clay, yellbwr top k ft, blue and brown " . ,« /'«.,.. ' . 38 . 90Sand, brown, very fine «....'.. .«...« * * t IkClay, yeUcrir, sticky* . .*...... . ". V. '* SliClay, blue, san^r « »* .».*««. **%*** 3?Sand, fine, with dark silt .............. 65 260Silt and sand, muddy, interbedded ........ « 52 312Clay, yellow, sancty ,..«.*.........*« . 61; 376day, gray and green ....«.....*.*..*« 9ii U?0Gravel and sand,. fine. *...*........** 20 1;90Clay, gray - . . * . » * « * , . . . . » « ^ » 20 .510

, day, and hardpap .«.....«.. V * * * c , 8 ,Yonna formations .,,.. « Cballc'rock, yellow: .(diatondte or volcanic asxh) - » V* > 7 Chalk rock, green .».. .... « . * ......*. .125Sand (tuff?), black, water-bearing ......*.«.. 3 Ht3Sand (tuff?) and chalk rock .............. o 15 158Pumice (pumiceous tuff?), water-bearing .**«.* * 3 161 Chalk rock, green . ...««o ........ .»..*. 8U 21^5Sand and gravel (agglomerate?), blaok ..«.« «*« 36 281 Sand, cinders, pumice, and gravel (volcanic tuff breccia?) ................ o ...... 50 331

Chalk rock »..»«..»*..*..****»***. k 335 Sand, packed, and gravel (agglomerate?) ....«..«. 13 3i).8Chalk rock ............. »..*».»0.«» 72 U20

Unpublished records subject to j-evision

180


36/LO-9R2. H. T. Bobbins* Drilled by J. VanMeter, 19h9

fleet) (feet)Alluvium:

Soil and hardpan **»*.,*« ,.«,*,*.** h hlonna formations

Chalk rock ...................... Ill 18Sand (toff?) ,*.**.*...*.....,.... 5 23Chalk rock » *«*.«* V* .»*» «..*.« lU 37 Sand, black (tuff?), water-bearing .*...*.... 18 55

_.. Chalk rock » . . . » .«. .« . .... . . .» > . . > » « J15 .-.' 70

36AO-llO)l. Mario Camini. Drilled by J* VanMeter,

Gravel, bound with clay »»* *«*»»***«*» 5 $ Yonna formation:

Chalk rook «..»« »««« * » *««»*. 20 25Sand and gravel (agglomerate?) «.«*« ***. 6 31Chalk rock ».«»*«*...,.*«.. . v* » ?8 ,109Sand, black (basaltic tuff?) ...... 0 ..... 3 112Chalk rock and sand (tuff?) ,.*.« **.,... 37 lit?Chalk rock .,». . .......*..«.«.*. ?6 2^5Sand, black (tuff?) ........ 0 ,<..*... 3$ 260

Table- 2-~ Materials Penetrated by Representative Wells » Continued

36AO~29HL. Klamath Indian Reservation. Squaw Flat well* Drilled , . , ty .C. VanJkter, 1935 . ...... .... .

Materials Thickness Depth (feet) (feet)

Soil and boulders ................... k' hLava rocks undif ferentiatedt *

Basalt . . ... .....* . . . v . . i . . . . ; . * 30 3kBasalt, hard, red ...»........*». i .... Ik U8Basalt, Creviced «... . . * . . .......... 21 69Volcanic sandstone (interbedded tuff?) ........ 16 85Basalt, creviced , , » *...... » ,....,.* . * . * . * 17 ^102Basalt and volcanic ash ................ 13 115Basalt, creviced ................... 15 130Basalt and volcanic ash, loose ............ 10 lUOBasalt, creviced ................... 7 lit?Sandstone, volcanic (tuff interbed) .......... 9 156

...C&nders, loose (tuff breccia). > ............ 36 192Basalt, creviced ................... 6 198Diorite (porptyritic lava rock?) .......... ; . 10 208Basalt, creviced 321-333 .............«* -11*3 351Basalt, broken . ........ 4- . . « . . 4 . . * . 19 370Diorite, creviced (porphyritlc lava rock?) ...... 17 387Basalt, red, loose fragments ......*.*..*. 18 U05Basalt, creviced ................... Ik 1)19Basalt, crevicedY water-bearing » ... . . . . . * 21 kkO

36A1-25R1. W. M. T«illiBmson. Drilled by J. -Wilson, 15^8

Soil and liardpan . . . -.' . . . . . .' . .', ...... 9 9Tonna formattoi: ... , . - .

Chalk rock ...................... 11 20Sand, black, water-bearing .............. 15 35Sand, black ..................... 35 70Sandrock, black ................... 10 80Clay, yellow, sandy, water-bearing .......... k 82;Sand, fine (tuff?) .................. 21 1Q5Gravel, coarse, and pumice, brown (agglomerate?) ... 25 130 Rock, gray, hard, and gravel (agglomerate?),water-bearing .. ................. it5 175

Cinders, gray, hard ................. 37 212Rook, hard, gray (tuff?) ............... 8 220Cinders, hard* broken, water-bearing «. »..« «» 3 223


182


36A2-90U L. 1. Crawford, Drilled Igr W. L» Hartley & Son, 1956

Tonna formation!

Sand, bla,ck, and sandstone,

Sand, black, water-bearing <

Thickness Depth ^feet) (feet)

* - . . 3 3

. . * . 57 6a3O QQ

... * 190 26U

. » , * 20 300

. . ..... . 2 730

36AU-27P1. Henry Gerber. Drilled by W» L* Hartley & Son, 1956

Soil . *. .'... «.

Upper lava rocks;

Tonna formation:

Lower lava rocks:

,.....* ... 8. . * . * . t - . 32, . . *, .......... ,39

. ... .. 81*

..»...*.. 3P ..'. 11.....*..» 81

.*.....*. 63,»..,..,. 20......... 2 ....; «..; - -30....<..,.* 38.

8iiO79

163

. 193"20lt *

285

3W363 ,370to-438.

tftipublished records subject to revision

183

(Jfe ,.,.,-.. .,...,,... :. .,, .. - . . < - ,1 9 ' Table 2«- Mterials Penetrated by Representative Wells - Continued

37/9-liEU R. D* Dehlinger* Drilled by W. Haria'ey, 19t9 ' - J --..'..

_. . . .'. . ThiCKness Deplii ... ,. ... Materials., . .. .t***4,\. ^^^(fast)-

Yonna formations . . * ..Chalk (diatomite or'volcanic ash). . « * , . . . « 158 158Sandstone and boulders ...... « ««* » e 'Si 212

Lower lava rocksi . *Ceriders^ red . * **> * *' * * * ~ 39 ' '251'Rock, gray, and cinders ..*,..**..« 65 316Lava, porous, broken; water-bearing . »,».»» 3U 350Basalt, hard « .................... 3 353

37/9-36EL. Marshal^ Bros. Drilled by Kr hartley,,19U9 -j ' '

Alluvium, undifierentiatect: ^ T \soii ...*»....»,....,..**;......., u ; k .Clay, 1 yellow »'»',"« .'" '. » *. ....'* . . * . . 19 23Clay, yellow, and small boulders ... ,* * 2 25Clay, yellow *..*..*.............. 10 35

Yonna formationsSand, black V , * * * . . « * * * « * . .. « » . Trace 35 Shale, blue ..* .. *.,.......,**. 23 58

. *»~' f 'm "V" - - ., , - - ,. Mfl . . ' f , ftSandstone * » »* *««*» ** «* ° 6UClay, blue, with sandstone streaks .«.« «...» U8 JL12Sandstone,, yellow* *** ** **»»» **** b 116Shale, blue ...to..*,*...*...**.* ?U 190Clay, sandy, brown ...*......».«..«« 5. '195Sand and shale layers, blue .. «...» 22 21?Shale, blue ..........**......... 5 222Sandstone, blue ««.»«. «, *»«..*«,«,«* >2b 2ii6

Lower lava rocks: . . . .. , , , . .Lava* porous* water-tbearJjtiff. .* ....««**. ' " jt^-' 250

-Unpubiishefd records subjept to revision

37AO~19H1. H. D. Nhiteline. Drilled ;by C. Coleman, 191*6

Materials (feet) (feet)

Yonna formation tChalk (diatondte or volcanic ash) «« **** * 2k 21* Sand, black, layered with "gravels" (some water) * * 91 H5> Clay, white ..................... 30Sandstone, black, and "fijravel": water-bearing * « 10

37/10-30B1, Fred Coleman. Drilled by K. Hartley,

Soil, sandy, brown .................. $ 5Yonna formation:

Sandstone and "gravel" ................ 27 32Cinders, black, and "gravel" water-bearing *.*« « . 66 ^98

Lower lava rocks or interflow(f):Basalt, hard .»,... c «..«.....**.*. 2 . .3JDO

37Ali-2l|Hl. S. K. Hartzler. Drilled by C* M. Vochataer,

Tonna formation with baealli interflow or jLntrusiva(?):Sandstone, yellow ......^............ k&Shale, blue ...................... 1QBasalt, hard, black ............. .... 25 U{0Shale, blue ........ ........... . * 19U 33U

Lower lava rocks:Basalt, hard, black .................. 8Clay, soft, blue ................... UBasalt, hard, black .................. 8?Lava, porous, water-bearing .............. 10Basalt> hard '« « .< . > ., , .............. 37 u87

185

Table 2.~ Material* femtrated bgr Representative Wells - Continued

38/9-19A1. C. A. Tobins* Drilled by: j. Wilson, ;

, Materials

Alluviums

Yonna formations Chalk rock, yellow (diatomite or volcanic ash) ,

Cinders and lava (agglomerate )* water-bearing *

(feet)

» . « 8

. . :v- 50'.- . ^,t\ .. -.'. 2

.* . . * 235

* . . * 203<

. . . . 10

. .*-; ^ 10 ,

(feet)

8

58Oftyv92

120

175105195

38/9-28DU. J. R« Howard. Drilled by Wilson Drilling Co., 1951*

Fill . . . «'. . . . .".'./. .'. . . *J . . . V . . , , . l b 6Alluvium:

.Boulders * .* .» * ,* .«>-*,,» *4 *, » , _.« .*. * U 10 Clay, brown .* «*«.« ...«. * -.'« '. * . 25 35

Tonna formationsChalk rock, white, with thin layers of white olay ... 135 170 Shale, red and brown ,. ..*........***. 27 197Conglomerate, blue ** *»** **» *:»*« 53 250 Shale, blue * » .. .« .» * 15 265Rock (tufft) with layers of shale ........... t 2$ 290Rock (basaltic sandstone?>,"blue ,., *..» » 17 .307 Shale, brown, with "ttiin hard layers »* .«» . »»* 33 3bO Shale, blue *.... *. 4 ........*..... 15 . 355

Lower lava rocks(?): . . . . Rock, blue and black, water-bearing -from. 1*25 to Itii5 ft

and from ii6o to 500 ft ....*.,***...* 160

Uhjpublished records subject to revision

186

Table 2,~ Materials Penetrated by Representative Wells ~ Continued

38/9*261*1. P. H. Marks* Drilled by C. Van Meter, 19l|0

icknessfA . A f . N(feet feet)Alluviums

Soil and clay .................... ,11 11Yonna formation!

Shale and clay (soft shale) in layers *..«.*.* 117 128 Shale, water-bearing ........«...*«.«. , 3 131Shale and clay in layers .*.....,*..,*. 3h 165Shale, water-bearing .....,,. «.*.».. 1 166Shale and clay in layers .«.»....«*..** 29 195

Lower lava rocks?Basalt, with clay-filled seams « . . . . . . . . . . ,.115 310Basalt, creviced, water-bearing ...,....*.* l| 311Conglomerate, hard (lava breccia) ,«....... . If 313Shale . .V, .'. ..,........«... . 2 315Diorite, creviced (porphyritic basalt?) ....... 13 328Basalt, calcite-filled seams ...« « « * ____ 30 356

38/9-28N1. Medo-Land Creamery. Drilled by J. Wilson,, 19ii5

^^ and <Jlay . . * * *; ." i . » * . . V .r V" » ^ V .T * 7 " ^Yonna formation(?):

Shale, hard ..................... 68 ?5Clay, yellow ..*,....,...,...,.,*« 1? 92

Unde signs ted (faulted blocks or indiscriroinately logged)!Basalt, mixed witto clay ............... .190 282^Diorite11 ...................... 18 300Basalt *with clay seams .......+ ...... 20 320«Diorite» . . . * * ».» .. ....,*. 5 325Basalt with clay seams ......*....««.. 172 1^9?Shale and clay ....... ........... 8 505Basalt with clay seams ............... 10 515Basalt ,. ...,.« *.....»*...... ll 529"Shale" uppermost 2k ft water bearing ......* 53 582Basalt with clay seams ............... 18 600Shale and clay lowest 11 ft hard shale ....... 73 673"Diorite" ..... ................ h2 715Basalt with clay seams ...*..«»..*.... 35 750Shale and clay* pinjc . » . *-.-?.-*. ****** !.*.* *u ?^ ^ ^^Notes Log of nearer well at the Coca-Cola.Bottling Works shows xonna

formation to 1*88 ft and lower lava rocks to bottom at 875 ft«

1ST

Table 2.- Materials Penetrated by Representative Wells - Continued' ,, >.», * . ».-...30/9-28R*.., «?» B« JPriesen. jpfraied bgr C. VitilfBtejr, 19j*l*

*,.'' > ^' '" ' 4

- : - : - i "''« ' - - -Materials -.'* '.

Alluviums

Yonna formation: . . , . . . . , .» Shale, sandyj sandy layers have flowing

artesian water « . . * * . * . ' .'«>»' . * . .

Basalt, hard (interflow or bed of hard agglomerate)

Lower lava rocks t . .. ., ,.

Undesignated (possibly downfaul ted -Yoniia formation) t

Ito: .ckness \^ee<b?

t*3

.'.-. ; . :W 'u*

* - .- . 7

18 27329

. V 13201*

»- . 33** . 26

59. 25

1*9

17

, . 1*9 ,* * .58

1*

Depte (fee^)

1*3

S3, 67

12811(6 173176205

218:23821*22753013603851*31*1*36Ii53

50256056b

188

Table 2*~ Materials Penetrated by Representative Wells - Continued

38/9-29J2, Balsiger Motors* Drilled by J. Wilson, 19U8

38/9-32EU. Oregon Water Corp. Klawath cilgr well no» h

Soil, clay, boulders ***. *»,,* «»**»»* 30 ., 30,tapper lava rocks 8 :

Boulders, loose «..«.,« ....,......,, $ 35Basalt, gray ..........;. .;;...,.. . s ,Ji$ 80

Yonna formation! , . ,Shale, brown, layers of hard strata in lowest 15 ft % . 135 215

Itower lava rocks* - Basalt .,..... « * ..,«. «,...,..,: $7

^

Black soil and gravel .....*. o .*...... 5 5lonaa formations . ... Clay with little boulders (tuff breccia?) .....** 19 *. ,2tSandstone . ............... .... » . . . 8 32

Lava rocks (undifferentiated):Boulders (lava breccia) . ,.*..*.« « * * * * * * 5 3? Cinders (lava breccia) ...«.*.«...«. . , . 8 2i5 Rock, blue, hard . . * ...,...,.,... *^. 10 55 Boulders, hard, 6- to 10-inch diameter, in fine

sand (toffaceous basalt breccia?) ....«..«.* 10 65 Rock, brittle, in fine sand (tuffaceousbasalt breccia?) ».«..*.**** , , * . 9 » ., 7 ?2

Boulders, hard, in fine sand (tuffaceousbasalt breccia?) ..*«**..****«* " "' " 6 ?8

Rock, blue, hard ................... k 82Clay, white, brittle ................. -1/6 82-1/6Rock, blue, hard ,...,« ,.«.»*«.**.. 3-5/6 166 Sand and gravel with small boulders

(agglomerate), water-bearing .......*.... h 90No record ..*»..,..,..,..,.*..,*. 3 93


Table 2. - Materials Penetrated by Representative Wells .- Continued

39/8-32E8, Oregon Water Corp/ Klamth city well no. 8. Drilled in 1930

Materials ..-,.. Thickness Depth(feetl

Gravel and boulders , V * .. . , ". ..'..«.*. .73 73lonna formation or upper lava rocks(?): ,.!

Shale, yellow, and rock , .......'. ..,.... 1 .IkRock, seamy . . . « V * » V .' ' . * » * * * ' 8 8£Rock and chalk rock , * .* * . . v . . * * . ...... 20 1&2Rock, loose, some sand * « * * * .*.... 56 158tavji rock, soft, and day (tuff?) * v * . .*.',... 8 166

Tonha formatdon* - " . . /Gravely chalk rock and sandstone * , v . ...... 20Shale, brown, with some sand . ........ . . . . 13 -Sandstone, with streaks of clay ............ 96 295Sandstone, gray .................... 36 331Sandstone with clay arid basalt fragments ... . . . . ' 72 2t03Saiidstone, little'gravel ............. .V 20 .1^5Sandstone, and varicolored shale ............ 96 519"Shell rock" (laminated soft and hard shale?) . . . . . Ik 533 (Sandstone, hard ................ . « . , 35 568'Gravel, hard (conglomerate or*agglomerate?) ...... 9 577Rock, black, hard l(rava flow or agglomerate?) . . . ... 10 '. 58?Rock, porous, artesian water (lava flow or agglomerate?) ' 12 $99Rook, black, hard,' slolid (lava flow or agglomerate?), . 26 .,625Conglomerate ............... .'. V. . . hk \ 669Shale . . . . . .-. » ....... .'. ...... . . . 11 686Conglomerate . . . ....... . . . . , « . « . * 9 689Chalk rock . * . . . . . . . . . . . .'. . . . . . . . 6 695Rock, dark, hard (agglomerate?) ............ 50 7U5Conglomerate * ....... . . . . . i'i . . * ' .". 3? 783Shale, soft, blue * . »«. ... . * . . « * . . . . « » !ltO 823Sand, cray, with a little gravel ..»*...** .'. - 27 850;:


Table 2.- Materials Penetrated by Representative Wells - continued

38/9-32HU* Oregon Water Corp. Fifth and Elm Streets, Drilled byE. E. Storey, 1953

Soil and hardpan ........... , . « » ' * 15 15Tonim formation:

Chalk rock and shale, caving ............. 15 30Sandstone ....................... 7 37Chalk rock, white ................... 18 5§Clay, bluish-green .................. .. 6X) 135BoulderC?) ....... ...... ......... 3 138Clay, green *.*,.«....,«...».*.,, 53 l^LBasalt, gray (basaltic agglomerate or sill?) « . . . « 11 202Shale ...................««.,.»;.. 3U 236Basalt, gray (basaltic agglomerate or sill?) . * . 16 252Qlay, green ..*.....,,........ . *, , 63 315Qravel; small amount of water ...».«..« «. 1 316Shale .....«...*+....... .-.. , . ; . 39 355Basalt, gray (boulder?) ...............Shale .......I.".;.......'..'...... 2

Lower lava rockssfe-salt, black .................. e, V 7 366Basalt, gray, water-bearing at iiOO to 510 ft * 21U 580Basalt, red, water-bearing .,.,.......*.. ' 3 583Basalt, reddish-brown ................ 62 6b5Basalt, gray ..................... 10 6j?5Basalt, grayish-black ................ '3$ 6^Basalt, red; small amount of water .......... ' l& 733Shale, blue, sticky (interbed) * »V.V« «*« * v 37" :^TOShale, brown, sticky (interbed) ........... 11 f8lBasalt, hard, black ................. 19 .800Shale, brownish-black, sandy (tufff interbed)^ . . . « 25 / 6*25Shale, bluish-black .«.,»«..».» -^ c>->: » r- .'

38AO-13D1. L. M. Hankins* Drilled by K. Hartley,

lounger alluvial deposits:'Soil ......................... 3 3Clay, yellow <,.................... 28 31

Upper lava rocks: Lava rock, black, porous ............... h$ 76Ash, black ...................... 11 8?Lava rock, porous .................. 53 12*0Basalt, hard, blue .................. itO 180Lava rock, porous .................. 36 216Cinders, red . . .................. 5 221

I ! Table 2.- Material a Penetrated, by Representative Wells * Continued

38AO-25A1. Q. C. Mitphell* Drilled by Wilson filling; Co., 19k? * .,~ ' '" L ~ '" '" ' " Deptfc

Soil, sandy, brown ...*..........,.,... 5 5Alluvium and Yonna fqmjation, undifferentiated:

Sand and clay, brot«n * * , , ... «. « ... ,«« 19 24Sand, coarse, brown (some perched water) ........ h 28Clay, bluer .......... _. .................. 2? 55Clay witfe sand, brown ....... .t .......... 15 70Sandstone and "shale* ** brown . . . * * * * * . * ...» * * 12 82 Gravel and Hcinders, w 1/8- to 1/2-inchi diameter

(some water) ..................... 3 85Sandstone, blue ......... ............ 2 8?Clay, blue and yellow, and sand ...... . . . * . 6 93Gravel, colored | contains obsidian pebbles (some' water)* 3 96Clay, tan .... ................... 2 98Gravel, colored, 1/8- to 1-inch diameter (some water). * 3 101Sand, coarse, colored «»*»,...«.«»***«* 2 103Clay, yellow ....... .............. 5 108 .Chalk; gray' CdiatOirdU o,r;-vdl<^ttic,a8h) * . . .,.** . . t . 22 \ ' 130 *Shale, blue, semihard .'«.'........«..... 37 16?Clay, brown, very sticky ....... ..^ « . . , . . . h 171 .Chalk, blue ..,..* ................ 21 1?8 ;Clay, rusty color .*.*.....*...*..*.. 1; 202Chalk, blue ......... . t . ........... 6 208Shale, sandy, black . ....... ..... ....... k 212day, rusty color, semihard .............. 38 250Clay, lowest h ft .gray and brown ............ 6U 3HiShale, gray .. *:;,%....«.,*.,..***.. . .. .. . 2 316Gravel varicolored ...... ........... « . I 317Sandstone, hard, varicolored .............. 6 323Clay, brown . . . . * .............. . ; . k 327Sandstone, hard, varicolored .............. 2 329

Lava rocks, undifferentlateds .Lava, broken, and boulders . .............. 5 ' 33UChalk, white (volcanic^ash?) ...... . . . .': .-. . k -*338 .Lava rock, hard, black ............... . * 8 3i{6Chalk, gray (volcanic ash?) .............. 8 35b ;Lava rock . . . . . . ... . . . ... .'* * . f . .'. 6 360Chalk, green (volcanic ash?) ........... V . 29-'" ' 389Lava rock . ............'......... v. lit b03 ,Chalk, gray (volcanic ash?) .............. 10 tt!3Shale, black (volcanic ash?) . ..........'... 5 . W-8 /Chalk, green, and "rock shells" .......... . . 11 * 1^29Lava rock, hard, black* ..............;.. 56 U85Basalt .................. . :.: . .-. >. ; '3' V/ *W»

' Rock and cinders, r«d 5 water-bearing . -. . ... . .... 12 ~ 500Lava rock, water-bearing .....*.......» 20 520La,va boulders and cinders; water-bearing ... » . . . , T lt 52U

192

Table 2.- Materials Penetrated b^ Itepre^ntative Wells - Continued

38A1-5P1. Leonard Hitter. DrUlkl toy F. feilton,

Thickness HDepth

lounger alluvial deposits: *Soil, sandy *.........*..».......« I* kClay ..... ....<,. * *».*... :. . * «» 4 *' 26> 36

Tonna formation(?}t '' Shale, blue .........*.,......,..* iS ; : 65Sandstone » « . . « « . * i* i 1 « . -..-,> j. , *. * ' "' ' 2'-''": C"6t Shale, blue' (some water at 128 ft) a ,. -i -* '."« ' t 4 i $11 ' Sandstone^ black ........... . . .W » , *t

liowier lava,rocks: . . Lava rock| rust-boated, "gravel in cracks in rock'1 '

38/11-6N1. J. P. Colahan, Drilled by H. kiltoh,

Soil, sanqy ........... 0 ....«..«.. - 'o" * ofYonna formation:

Chalk (diatomite and/or volcanic ash) « ........ &*? 95Sand, fine, black; some water ......... 4 « * * 1 96Chalk (diatomite or volcanic ash) ........... h$ li*lSandstone, brown ....... ............ "12 153Chalk (diatomite or volcanic ash) . . . . . . . . * . . 5? 210

Lower lava rocks(?)t . : : -Rock, lava, hard, red ................. ?5 V26?Shale, brown *.....*«.»....«.«**«.« 20Sand, brown; some'water .. ^ ............. 5Bock and cinders» water-bearing ....... . '_» _ . 15

38/11-m. Louis Tofel, Jr» Drilled by owner, 191*8

Sand ..................*.....* 1 .' 1Alluvium: * ' '"

Sandstone ...,.......*........*. 28^ 29Chalk, yellow (diatomite or volcanic ash) ...... 66 9$Gravel; some water ..........*« . . 2 91

I%>per lava rocks: .,.-. Rock (lava rock?) .................. «0 13?Lava rock, broken^ red} some water .......... 92 229Rock (lava rock?) ,........... 8 237Clay, gray ...................... ^5 . ^2Cindersv redp gravi water-bearing . . . V t f * .3.0; zoo r

Uhpublished records subject to resdsion ~

» Table 2.- Materials - Penetrated, by .Representative Wells - Continued

38AlihllHl* Bradley Estate* Drilled byF* Hilton, 19W .

. . . .

Alluvium: Soil, sancfr ...,..»..........'. '. . V. '. . *7 7Clay, brown, ^ardpan" ................. | 7|

Yonaa formations " ? . »Shale, blue ...'.;.'....'....*/.". l.'. '.". *'. . .tei - 50Sandstone, brown « *, » . ' ' ' « .'. * '» '».^'%.» » """2 "' 52 Shale, blue , ... V. ... V.'. . ... . *. *. . . '. . ll|2 ? "191*Sandstone, black . '. *. * '. . . . . '. \ . . . '. . . 9 \\ 20 *. 2Jli

Lower lava rocks: ' ' / Lava rock« porous^ broken, black, water-bearing ..... 10 22b;

38/HJ-12ML. Prank Challis. Drilled lay G. Hartley, 19il2 ' " ' '* .-.. **,..-AUuviixra* ', .

Soil, sandy. .*... ...,....,...* « . . 10 10Yoxma formatlont

Chalk, blue (volcanic ash?) ... . . . . ...'..'. . . 60 , 70Gravel, and fine sand (some water) ......«..*. 3 73Chalk, blue (volcanic ash?) .... ....... . * * . 227 300Gravel, coarse ..................... 8 308Chalk, blue (volcanic ash?) ...«.*...**.*... 72 380Sandstone, yellow ........... » . ....... 1 381Chalk (diatonite or volcanic ash) ............ 19 i|00

Q>per lava rock(?)tLava rock, hard .............I....... 1 U01Lava rock, porous, blocky, water-bearine .'. » * . . . . 2it

38.-11J-12M?. Prank Challis. Drilled by Stuart, 19l|2 ,' .

Aliuvium and Yonna forinat&ons , i r > , ,:r r Chalk (diatoraite or volcanic ash or clay). . ...... 'lUO 11|0

tapper lava rocks: Cinders ............... . ......... 8 11*8Lava rock, porous, red*, water-bearing '.. « . . .. . 2 150


Table 2»- Materials Penetrated by Representative r-tttfLl-s' - Continued

38/Ll|~l5Hl. L. M. Hankins* Drilled by C. Vochatsser, 19W' ;|-T::; " r" ~ " " ri " ~ . "*" . '^f 1-'". " imickneas beptti

Materials JfeetK (feet

soil ..,.... ... « . .. .,. a XYorina formation!

Sand .*..*.*..,...... .<...... . ii 6Clay ......................... 32 35Rock (sedimentary) .................. 12 50Shale (a little water) **,....**,..«* * 2 £2Sand » «».«»«..** « « **«***** 2 5UShale . . «.. .. .. .. . . . * . , ISa a*5Rock, black (sandstone of basaltic materials?) * * 6 251Shale ......**... . . . * . . * ..*»** 21 2?2Rock ......................... 16 288Shale ........................ 10 298Rock ......................... 20 318Shale ........................ 10 328Rock ......................... 5 333Shale ........................ 5 338Rock *.....,.,*.,*......*.,... 5 3ii3Shale ....., ........,..., .,. 19 362

Lower lava rocksLava rock, water-bearing , .............. 70 ij32Cinders, red, water-bearing ............. 15 Ui?Cinders and brown clay ....,.........<>. 1 l$kLava rook and cinders, water^bearine » » « * » » ill

Cliff Sewald. Drilled by F. Hilton,

J Topsoil . .r i «", . / . , , , . « V .'"''."," « V * * V i 1 1lonna formation:

Sandstone and clay seams ........».....* 13 1UChalk (diatomite or volcanic ash) ........... 31 Ij5Sand, blacks some water ................ 1 i|6Chalk (diatomite or volcanic ash) * . . * * .»*... 151* 200.Sand and chalk (a little water) ......... o .. 25 225

Lower lava rocks(?)sLava rock, porous, black, water-bearing ........ 30 255Sand, black, fine; some water . * . . * * . . « * « 1 256Lava rock, porous, blacky water-bearing « » '- » * - lit 2?0Sand, black, fine; some water ............. 2 2?2Lava rock, porous, black, water-bearing ........ 13 285Sand, black, fine *.. o ..,*.,,. e .=.... 1 286

us

v.*. . ..;-< -" .;. '....: « v* ', - ". -. » *. -. -. - .v.:, Table 2. -Materials Penetrated by Representative Wells.- Continued

. : , " '' * ' ; ;.' .? , -" .

JSahnoe.

MaterLl8 ~~ ^Kickne^-lJiMf_H»ttOBitt»^.:.v: . ... (feet) (feet)

Alluviums '-. ... . ... , .... , .- ,-/.-;Soil, sancfcr ..*......,...,.«,*,... i 2 ,., 2Gravel^ cenented .**«« *»«..' «.vv .« « ' *2 : '4 Clay j brown,» **« « * . . .. . . * . « .- ; 31. 35

Tonna formations . ... ... , .,- " > green ....»....«......*.... . 20 55> « ^ . *.«...*««. ««..«..«* . 1 56

Shale, blue ., . V. . . ' . . * . . ......... 157 213Sand, black ... «... .... ....*.». 3 216Shale, green ... *........»....*.* itf8 69bSandstone, green .......»..«........* 2 696^Shale, green . . . n « . . . » * . . «, ^ » »^,,,,,r ... ,6*99^ . Sandstone, green ...« »*..»..*». . . 7 .' " **"2 7^1* Shale, green ~. ................ . . . V , .6tt ?6^Sandstone, black ,.,.............,*. , .18 .783Shale, green ..............«.*.... Vt> 797Sand ......................... -w-5-f.^ 800 ; ;Shale, sandy « * **«.*«.**!» * . . /fo57';:^ rv.w?" ^Lower lava rockst ' "" , - *" ,.;:,;' ' "'." """ ".'

Lava rook, black ..,...,.....*.*.... iO 8?7Cinders, red ..................... 3 880Lava rocks, black .,.,,.... ......... 10U

_JLairo: rocks, broken, and yellow cinders . . ._,L« . . :..,_.... 12.r ....

38Ali-26Hl. Cliff Sfcwald* Drilled by F; Hilton and K; Hartley, 19^8

.* , i ..'..'.' - fc " £ J.

.-..-...; ; -.--VV 61*0

Topsoil , . . .T'.'. .'. . ......Yonna formation:

Sandstone, kbuff .' < *\ ; ", ** *Shaite, 'blue . . . . v» '"'*" . . . . . .^-. . . .Sand ........... . . , . * . »:. .... .,j». 1 W.Shale, blue ..................... 30 71Sand ........................ 1 72Shale, blue ..................... 32 lOi*Sand ........................ 2 106

T Shale,-*ltt0 ......... * * * 65 171Lo*er lava-rocket * . . * fl Lava, dense, black --------.- .* 12 1W

broken T and mlloff : jsincters . . . * . . .

Table 2.~ Materials Penetrated }yy Representative Well* - Continued

38/11J-30EU W. L, Whytall. Drilled by F* Hilton, 19U7

Materials ness Depth

Alluvium: ,Soil, eancjy ....** ......**....,.. .* 15 c r IS

I^per lava rocks: .. . ,Boulders, hard, with loose cinders «««.«««**, 125Lava rock, hard ,.*.,... *..,......., 1?Boulders, hard, with cinders ..*...*.,,.,*. 8Cinders *««*.««*«««4««. «««***« «_» 10. ,

38Ali-32Gl. L. L* Porterfield. Brilled by P. MeQinley, 19U8

Soil, sandy «.«***.*« »*« . 4 .«.»«* 10 10 Shale, blue ...................... 120 130

Upper lava rocks s * .......Rock, gray, and cinders «*****. **« ««* 65 195 Cinders, red, water-bearing ....... ...... 2 ,197

39/8-6F1. L* w. Soukup, Round Lake well. Drilled by £ E, Storey,

iliuvium?Clay .. ... ,... , «.. ..... 20 20

Dipper lava rocks s Boulders . ^ ...................... 90 110Clay, red * * * * » « ****** * » '* * * > 115 Basalt, red ............. ........ 15 130Shale, brown ...................... 5 135Basalt ......................... -26 161


table 2»* Materials Penetrated by Representative Wells - Continued'«* * *

39/8-13A1, H*; -W. Leit*ke. - Drilled by JT. Wilson,

39/9-9KU Great Northern Railway,

Soil and hardpan *»,..* * t * ** *« " Hi '" lUTonna formation: * * \ t .

Chalkrock, gray .*..«,-...,.....,..» 13 2?Clay and sand « * . ^ « ^ ^ ...*« *. ...... 9 36Gravel and clay, brown -«..,* ... ., V * * * * 16 52Cinders, red (tuff?) ... . .".'.*...* ... 8 60Clay, dark brown , .«.,».. .». «»«»*.*.*, ? 6?Cinders, red ............ \ ,*,..*.,.. 18 85Clay, black, hard «..**.*. * ««*«** « 13 98Sand, black, water-bearing .,*,.,,«' » .«,. 5 103

Lower lava rocks (?): ' ^ ,Rook, hard , . , ...*». ,.,*,..,.....,.. ? 110

39/8-13Jl» Wayerhaeuser Timber Co;. Well no« 2» Drilled IqrW. Hartley, 1929

Tonna forraationv " : - "'" ""' ' ' "''V.V-- '.'.'.' ". ^ "] "'^ "-

Chalfcrock, wb±te« * . "". ...,...-. >* . 35. .. 35Clay? dark ».. «. *.*....«*..*;, 10 i)5Shale, and rook »«««. .«,. ».»«.,. 30 75

, Shale, black *,.. *«»,,, « I . ».*« ' 65 1UOLower lava rocke: «"".',, -* - - .. / « -Rock, hard ....................... >* l£ 185Rock, black ... .**.........*.**.... lib 229Rock and a little "shale" . .~V; ;...; ;.»... 'U 2ljORock .......................... 18 ""258Rock, hard, brittle .................. 22 280Rock, black ...................... 537 817

Yonna fomationt «... .Clay, blue, and chalk rock, white . . . . . . . . . * ! * '207 207Rock, hard ......««..,.,.....* ...... 58 2li5

^ Sandstone, black ...... ^ .....'*.'...... 5 250Clay, white ...................... 13< 263

Lower lava rocks* - . . , . ^;;, porous, water-bearing ,.....*...*»« _ 73 336

Ifapublished records subject t6 revision

198

Table 2*~ Materials Penetrated by Bepresentative Wells - Continued

39/9-16E1* T. P. Packing Co* Drilled tgr B. B. Storey, 195U

(feet) (feet)Soil ..I,..*...*.,.,......**. 6 6

Alluvium or lonna forma tion(?):Chalk, white .................... 29 3$Clay, green, little water ............. Ij5 80Clay, green, more water »«,*«« * *» 105 185

Yonna formations Clay, green , ................... litO 325Shale, green .................... 16$ J$QClay, blue «..*.«.*..*.*. *....* 35 5*5Clay, blue, and sand ** .;*«««**««« 25 550 Shale, blue, hard ......... ....... 60 610Bock (boulder or ledge) .............. 1 611Clay, black; some water * **,*.* . . * * . h 615

Lower lava rocks s Basalt, black . . + * . . _ . ........... * ___ 3 618

39/9-18M1, Weyerhaeuser Timber Co, Well no* 3 Brilled,

* sol * . * * .'»«" * * . . * . . * ; * * * ; -zYonna formation* '

"Mud" and sandstone * »»*«..* ' ** « 6 18 "Mud" and sand ...,......*....,... 22 faOSandstone and gravel ........ 4 ....... 70 110

lower lava rocks:_.Rock (basalt) .....*,.*.....,**. *_____67 177

39/9-18M2. Weywrhaeuser Timber Co. VfeU no iu-Drilled-byW. L. Hartley & Son, 1956

torma formationsSandstone ........ *...*.. ....* 8 8Sandstone and boulders * ..«««» *.*** 30 38 Shale and boulders . . . . . .......... 17 55Sandstone and boulders « * ****»* ** 10 65 Lava rock ...................... 13 78Sandstone and boulders ............... Hi 92

Lower lava rocks: Lava rock (water) ....*..*.......... 36 128Sandstone and boulders «.* »*.* * *** 17 U*5 Lava rock ..........,.........** 100 21^5Volcanic breccia, like sandstone .......... 27 272Lava rock, water-bearing from Itl5 to i±20, at ii6ii,

and from 512 to 52k * * * * * ,'» * * * * * * .* * 273 5U5subject to revision

Tables 2,» Materials Penetrated by Representative Wells - Continued

39/9-158)1. Weyerhaeuser Timber Co. Well no* 1* Drilled, 1928

-55No record .......,..;.,*...» . . , >, . . * 586 586

Lower lava rocks: Rock, black ..................... 12 JogBasalt ....................... 2 600Rock, black and hard . ' *»»'* t * "t y.7 717 Shale and rock, KUck ...... '. ......... 78 795

39/9-2681. Ployd Stoute.. Drilled by E. B. Storey, 1?53

No record} old well Y. .'. W * * . ." WV « . . * 115Yonna formations . ' * *Clay, blue ....... ^ ............... 135Shale, greenish .................... ?8 328

Lower lava rockst .Basalt, black .................... 137 1)65Basalt, water-bearing ....*....,....... 2 1^6?Basalt ...... . . j *....*.*....» * . 1 Ii68

39/9-31KL. C. L. Gray. Drilled by E. E, Storey, 195U

an iardpan , . ,.' * . . . . . . . # . . ^LO 10Yonna formations ' ' '.

Chalk rock, white, with sand ........,...; 10 20Clay, bluish-green .................. ll;2; 162

Lower lava rocks:Basalt, black .................... 3 165Clay, blue ...................... 11 176Basalt, black ..*«,.....,«... .^ 1 177

39/9-32P1, Fred Peters. Drilled by E. E. Storey,

Soil . . ....................... >""';' ^Yonna formation: , >

Chalk rock, white .................. 30 35Clay, blue ...................... 50 85

Lower lava rocks $Basalt, black . . . . . ..............____60 Ht5



39/9-3WL. U9 S, Air Force. Drilled by K, Hartley,

... ,,, ,, . *"' ,.> . . ,. ckness-- tepth Materials feet) (feet)

39/11-5Q1* W. Oberheide, Drilled by W, Hartley, 19ii6

Soil and shale, yellow ,,*»,..«,,«.,,,* ""51. 02TJppe? lava rocks*

Lava, burned ..................... 1*2 $kLavaj, black j dense .,,..*.........«.. 7 101Lava,, red . *««««***««« **««» * ^-7 118"Bcjuidersp !: basaltic .«*««,*.*.*»« .., 6 12ii

.Lava,, burned * . * « * . » « « V * . . * . « * * 22 Iii6Yonna formations

Sand ......................... 100 2ii6Shale ..*......*..,.....*..... Ii5 291Lava, black ..,*..,,.....«,..,*.. 12 303Shale, gray, hard . * .. * 0 ......*./..* 29 332Shale, blue. .....*«»'*>.,« .* , « » >. * . .8 3l$rClay and shale .................... U6 386Shale, gray, hard **.....«.....*..«. 2U ' UlO

lava rocks:Lava, black, dense *.««...,..... «.* 37 1)47Basalt, blue, very dense ............... 26 k?3Lava, porous, black (water) ...,.....*./* 15Lava, red, cinderis » « *»«« « « *»*«»* 12

Soil .........'.....' ..,« ..* ..' . 6 6Quicksand ,.......*.. ... *..«.. 8 IkClay, yellow ..,-.. .... ........... . 103 117

lava rocks s Lava rock, water-bearing «..*.........,« 38 355Cinders, red, water-bearine . * »* * « .' *' «'. 2 . 1S>7

39/U-£a« R- House. Drilled by W. Hartley, 19li3

Soil V . «'« '. .V. * .'W.V.'.V. 8 " H*lava rocks*

Lava rock, broken, and'"chalk" seams ......../ &h 92.Cinders, dark>red» watei^^bearing .«« 9 »*»o»*« ._ h___96

tISipubliched records subject to revision

Table 2,» Materials Penetrated fry Representative Wells - Continued'" . i:: .

39A1-3.QKU Bob Hartley* Drilled by R. Hartley, 19W ' .- . .

' ~ Thickness Depth" ' CfeetT

Alluvium! ,: ; . .Soil .........».........;.... ; 8 8Quicksand ., ......««.,,..,.. ? 15Chalk, yellow (diatomite or volcanic ash) ...... 23 38Chalk, green (volcanic ash?) *............ 122 160Sandstone, brown * «« . *««**.. « * «* 3 163Upper lava rocket ' . . ;Lava rock, brown ».,. ......*. *«* « 3 _ ; 346;

39/llJ-SDl. L« L. Porterfield, fii south end of Pine Plat S?-:. PrlUe^ byP. McOinley, I9l*6

AlluviumsttDirt,« black . . . . . . . . . .. .*... . -. . . .19 19Boulders .. * « *.. .«*'«' ».- ' - * 2- 21"Dirt" (a little water at 50 ft) ............... "31 52

Tapper lava rocksi ' » . Basalt rock ..,».....,.«.......*.. 89 litlSand (a little water) ................. -9 150Basalt rook« water-bearing ' . «». « * .^ 110 2JSQ

39/ll|-l(B2. L. J, Horton. At southwest edge of lozma Valley* Drilledby F. Hilton, 19U9

illuviumt / Soil, bjack .... .... ................ 3 3Hardpan, yellojw (olay) ...*.. ..«...... 11 lit

Upper lava rocks: . Lava rock, broken* and yellow cinders .....*.* . hi___61

39/lif"a2HU A. B. Burgdorf. Drilled^by W.^Hartley,

Alluvium:Chalk, yellow (diatomite or volcanic ash) ....... 31 31Chalk, blue (volcanic ash?) .............. 12*6 177

Upper lava rocks: Lava rock, broken, blue > « « ..>«*.» iiO 217

Unpublished records subject* to revision

202

Table 2, - Materials Penetrated ty Representative Welle - Continued

39/HI-22J1. P, T« Hatchet. $a north part of Foe Valley. DrilledR. and W* Hartley,

ft eet (feet)Alluviums ,' ...

Soil, sandy ...,*,......... . . . ^ ^ * , 12 ,lonna formation: :

Shale, bliiish^-green * «.*»..««<,..« * ,. . :. .. 382Basalt, hard (sill or interflow) ...*..<.,.* 16Shale, bluish-green ......«.*......«*. 90 502

Lower lava rock: . .-._,. ,. ; ,Lava rock^ broken (some waier) * ' "#' . ' * "* * ' ' 36 $38Basalt « .. ..«.......,....«*.,., 362 900 ^.

39/ll|-30Cl» Taylor Highr Drilled ly C. VanMeter, 19ii3

Soil ..,,*« '^' I * * * » . « . ,. , . . » * ,. * * « "1 """^T Fault-jumbled or disturbed materials . ;

Chalk, sticky .................... 2k 2?Sandstone, water-bearing ««»..«,.. ***.* 6 33^salt . ^ *.. ..,. ......,....« *. 3 36

" Hardpan ....................... 3 39Boulders and clay (sloughs off) **..*« * « 6 1*5

U^per(?) lava rocks:Basalt, solid .................... 13 58Basalt, creviced *«*«».**«.« ***«»* »_____7___6$

39/ili-31Ll, Virgil Holmes. Drilled by C. VanMeter,'1935 "*" * ,

Soil". . V .. o .................. 4 2 2lonna formations... .Chalk .$pok ..... .... * ... * ... * * * . . . y*8 . -^

vSatid^tone, water-bearing a**.......*.... "5 125Chalk rock ...*...*..,.,*........ 85 210Sana streaks, water-bearing ..,«,«»*.««*« 2 212Chalk rock .................... 88 300

Table 2.- Materials Penetrated by Representative Wells r Continued

39/12-3liRl. Bruce Belter. Drilled by Cv VanMeter,


Soil and hardpan .................... & 8Upper lava rocks: ... .... ...Lava ................ '. ......... 52 60Hardpan (interflow tuff) » * .. . . * , . + . . . . . . . 12 72Lava .../...**....,,,»...*.«.... 7 79

Yonna formation* ...... , , ' vConglomerate, small boulders and clay ... . . . * * . 12 91Cinders, packed j small amount of water . . . . . * . ... . h 95"Lava, 1* porous (agglomerate) *..*....*«.... 28 123Chalk rock ..... f ................... 1*2 165Chalk rock, gravelly; some water ..««....«».« 5 170Shale, "slick" ..................... 26 196Boulders and clay .«.«..«....*,»««..» Ik 210Boulders, large (coarse agglomerate?) ......... 15 225Chalk rock, sandy «..»..,*..««»« . . . . * h9 21kConglomerate .««. «. ................ 7 28lChalk rock, sandy ......... , . ........ 6 287'

Lower lava rocks:Basalt .................. ...... 23 310"Diorite1' . ... ........... v. ...... 25 335Basalt, red (top of^flow) ........ t . « V. . . k 339Basalt . *, . . . * -. . ...'...... .. . ... «*,* * , Jw 3y3Basalt, red (top of flow) ...... .... 9 ... 3 386Basalt ,.....*,.......*......... 7 393Basalt, water-bearing .........«.....*. 2 .395Basalt ............... 4 . » ....... 8 ti03

liO/9-301* SdWrt Stewart. Drilled by Storey Bros., 19U8

Soil ........................ * . ^ I® USlonna formation: ^ .; ».Sandrock ......,*................. '; 13j "18Chalk rock, blue .................... 37 ,55Sand, black, and chalk -rock * . . . . . . . « . . » . . _' 5 60


Table 2,- Materials Penetrated by Representative Wells * Continued

I*0/9~9HL. William Gray* Drilled by E, %. Storey, 1903


Alluvium* ... , .Boulders and clay ................... 20 20

Yoiana formations . - , , .Clay, brown ..*........*,... *. -. . . . . 35 55Rock (sandstone or agglomerate?) ........... 2$. 60Clay, black, sandy (tuff?) .«......,..«.. 2i£ 325Hock (sandstone or agglomerate?) ........... 25 350Shale, black ..................... 13&, ij.86Sand and gravel (agglomerate?), water-bearing * * 2 lt5OShale* tan . . < rv-:i* ;*-: -^'.r*- »- J.L*. -.*'-v^'-^r'.^TVy ! *.:l.-.-Li-.--- ^ 500

i. ' Jack ©'ionnor, Drilled by.J. Wilson, 1952 -

Soil a«d nardpan . * * V~» "V"« »\ 4. » » V~ "''. iS Yonna formations

Chalk rock, white .................. 1 25SHardpan" ...................... 10 35Shale, blue (hard water) ............. . . 20 55Shale, black .- ... . . * ... ... * . , ........ 230 2?5Gravel (agglomerate?), water-bearing ......... 2 27?Shale, green . .*»..*... . 9 «. « ..... 23 300

bO/9-27Ul. L. Motschenbacher. Drilled by E. E. Storey, 1953

Alluvium (scwne fatilWisturbeySoil, boulders and clay ................ 63 63

Yonna fonaation* ....*"' . ,Boulders and sand (agglomerate?): ........... 1*2 105Sandstone .........»».*.*.**.*,..** . . 2? 132Hock, gray (tuff or agglomerate?) * ., . . . . *, .. .« 16- llifl

, Rock,, water-bearing (tuff or agglomerate?) * . . * » 2 . IJp Sandstone, blue .............,* * ." ....' 5 155

mTable 2. - Materials Penetrated by Representative Wells - Continued

UO/9-36KU Oscar Baker. Drilled by J. VanMeter, 1950 -

». wrft. inicitoesa riepli ________ ... . M?terlal8_____....... (fe.et> tfeet)

Soil and hardpan .................... 2| 2jTonna formation^ *

Chalk rook, white .................I. 18|. 21Chalk rock, green' ................... 236 25?Sand, black, "seepage water" .............. 1 258Chalk rock, green ................... 25 263Chalk rock and sand .................. 22 305Chalk rock, green .................. i 8 313Sand, black, water-bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lit 32?

UO/10-6Q1. Ralph Hill. Drilled by C. VanMeter, 19i|l'"'

Soil .......................... 10 10Sand, coarse, and gravel} water-bearing ........ * 26 36Sand, muddy .. .««.; .* ..*.....«. '.'' . 60 96

Tonna fornationt Chalk rock ....................... 22k 320day, sandy ...................... 56 376Sand, coarse, and gravel with streaks of clay,

water-bearing ....... . . ......... . . . . 6 3&U

i;OAo-7Jl. Tom Jackson* Drilled by E, E. Storey, 1953

Soil .......................... 3 3"Sandstone*1 ...................... 'U 7Clay, sari<3y *..*.........,*.«..... 15 22Sand, running ..................... 3 25

Tonna formation: Chalk rock, blue, sandy (tuff?) ............ 35 60Chalk rock, black, sandy (toff?) ............ 65 125Sand, black, vater-bearine ........ .»..«.. 10 _ 135

206

Table 2*« Materials Penetrated by Representative Wells - Continued

fcoAo-28Bl. C» W. Lewis* Drilled by J. Wilson,; 1952

SberSI^" ^f"!?8 "'/^../._. .- _.. .. _ _ T .._..._ i .... .. .. r _;. ^ _. _ n T . ._ .... (feet) (feet)Alluvium* . .

Sand .....*«......... * *...»«*.» 23 23Mod, blue ............. o ...... e .. 5 23Gravel *...,...«',«.......,...... 3 31Sand .*....,..............,.. . ... 37 66Sand and clay ..«».*............«,. 15 83

Tpnna foraationj Chalk rock (tuff, diatomite, etc.?) .....*..»» 3lti 393Sandstone ........«..*.*»..« ... . . . . 3$ 1^8Sand, black_ _ ' .* .*«..*« i .> * » . * « _i*'^ik_i_

bO/10»3iiKL. E. C. Leraler. Drilled ty J. Wilson, 19U9Alluvium* " ' " "' "" " "" '" ' rr " '" ; "' " 1V "' L ""' :' " '" "'" " "-»-".-; ^ 1 - 1 ^.-

SOIL ............................ 5 5Ctoalk, -Hhite ...................... 23 28

Tonna formationsSand rock *..«.«».»« * ..«.* **** 20 U8 llQuicksand» ...................... 82 130Chalk rock ............. Y . * . . . . . '.. 108 238Gravel « «*»»*«. *.«*«<>««>»»«0*. .____"2 __ _ _

UOA1-3A1. Melvin Piegi. Drilled by C. TTanJSfeter, 19il2

Soil .,.......,.*.......*... . * . 28Chalk5 seep of water at 75 ft ......*..*.** 93 95

Tonna forruationt ,

CTnalk rock . . ... . /. ._. .'. ^ .*. .'.«.. « . . 55 152Sandstone, water-bearing ........... ..*. 1 153Chalk rock ....................... ?00 353"Limestone.," hard, blue, water-bearing ..*.....* 16 369Chalk rock, sticky .«..«* «* .. « ».* 171- $U&Shale and chalk rock, in layers ........... 9 62 602"Slate," hard ...................... 5 607Chalk rock and "slate," in layers .*»«».«..* 53 660«Limestons,n hard ................ . * . 22 682!*Slate,» hard .................. ... 20 702Shale, hard» water-bearing » y * » .» »r 20

Table 2.- Materials Penetrated by-Representative Wells « Cotttiraied

I|0/L1-12D1» ;3rving Ro$sf _, JQfrilled by V Wilson, 19i|6

^^ '- *%ssr^is&

UOA1-36P1. Carl Clyah. Drilled by J. ^^nMetar, 19U9

Alluvium and Yonna formation (?)* , . . : Chalk rock, small amount of water . . . -. «* «.«*.«.. 70 70

Yonna formation! ..,.,..: * Chalk rock .............. * . .* ......... 065 2*35

Lower lava rocks(?)t . . . , . * - =, : Rock, gray . ... . ^ ^ ................ 6 WilRock, black .....* ...... 9 ^ ..,... >. % 2»i)5Rook, water-bearing *,*..,,....,.......» 15 -460Conglomerate ...................... 5'

1*OA1-13P1. Wra. Rajnus. Drilled by C. Hartley, 1952

Soil and decomposed brown sandstone . . . Yonna formation:

Clay ...... ............

Lower lava rocks:

Basalt . . , * . ............

........ lib

........ 30

........ 90

21*

ft.....>.« 26

........ 39

;;> 20i

6090

180 ,

,.,2Q5

" 2ii5261'3do

ravelly son ....................... If ifUpper lava rocks s

Boulders and gravel ...............*..« 10f 12Boulders .....,..........*.....*.» 5 17Basalt, blue ...................... 10 27Crevice filled with clay ................ 2 29Basalt, red ....................... 15 Ui

Yonna formation:Sandstone, brown ....,..,.......»..*. 8U 126Sandstone, black, water-bearing ............. 25 153Sand. Water-bearing .......».......*.. . _ 2 155


208

Table 2.- Materials Penetrated by Representative Wells - Continued

1<OA1-36R1. Rudolph Paygr. Drilled by J, VanMeter,

lcness '(feet) (feet)

* 0. Freuer.. Prilled by^ E. p. Storey, , 1?53

Alluvium: - . .' . .',..'. ,.*,.,, , ...Soil ........ . .. ... . * ... . . , . .-» * 5 5Sand and boulders «.*«......... * , * . . . 7 12Chalk .....................I... 18 ... 30

tJpperlava rocks: . " ' . Boulders .....I*...,............. * 8 38Rock, solid, gray ................... 7 15Rock, solid, brown ......... ....... f .. . 9 5t"Quartzite" ................. f .... 3 57Basalt "conglomerate11 and.^uartzite11 ......... 10 67Basalt, black . . . .................. 25 - - 92Basalt and red clay; small seep of water from crevice ..................... 3 95

Basalt, black ................... . 17 112Yonna formations

Conglomerate, coarse sandstone, shale, red clay, chalk, gray clay, etc.; water-bearine ..... ... 20 132

Soil ....... . ...,,......,,. f . . . . 4 . ' ' .', ^Gravel and clay ...... ..... »...».. 11 X5

lava rocks:Rock, creviced ............. . . . . V . * 135 3:56Basalt, water-bearing ................ 10 160Basalt, blue ..................... 55 215Basalt, black, water-bearing ............. 23 238Basalt, black . . . . . ,..«,.,...»..*..» 2

3Df


iiOA2"!6Dl. Wm* Rajnus, Drilled by J.. Wilson, 19U7 and 1950

Materials

Soil and sandy clay »... ..»..«*,... 6 6Upper lava rocks (?)sRock, gray .....**.......*....». U* 20Hock, blue ..«..». . .,...,,*... 10 30Rock, green ...« *.«,.. « .... .. k 3kRock, black I....*.*...........*. 26 60

Yonna formations . . , .Shale, brown ..,..*...... . ... « 5 65Sand and gravel, black (tuff?) « *. .*«»«« -10 75Sandrock, brown .«.*.., f . ......«* 8 83Rook and gravel (agglomerate?) ,...,....;» ill 12kCinders, red; some water .....*.*... .. -9 333Basalt (basaltic agglomerate?) ,..,» »...*.' 31 16k"Diorite" (basaltic agglomerate?) .......... -18 182Cinders (tuff breccia?) * . * . * . * . » ... ... 17 199Rock, gray, with seams (tuff?) ... *..* *. 11 210Conglomerate, brown .*.....*......... 5 215Gravel, brown, with hard laminae .......... id 256Rock, gray, hard (tuff?) ......... . . . . . U 260Rock, gray, hard (tuff?) (most of cuttings lost) . . ' . 5 265Sandrock, black, lowest 3 ft gray'* .,.,.,.,. 8 273Sand, fine ...................... 7 280Rock, black (agglomerate) .............. .15 295Shale, brown ..................... 27 322"Crevices" ...................... 15 337Shale. ........................ 158 U95"Crevices" ...................... 10 505Conglomerate, broken, and shale ..........* li£ 550

Lower lava rocks: ";Basalt ........ .'.."". ............. , . at 550


ao


140/12-3101, Richard Graven. Drilled by J. VanMeter, 1950

Materials

Upper lava rocks i

Sand and chalk conglomerate (interbed?) . .

lonna formations

Thickness (feet)

.-. . . . . 18 ,

...... 3

. . . ... 22

...... 11

. « . . ... . h

...... 25

...... 6».**** 7...... 3...... 6

i ...... 3...... 8...... 3...... 11...... 13...... 1...... 16...... 10

Depth (feet)18

;2113Sk5860657178818788:

919910211312612?Iit3153

UOA3-3D1. Fitzhugh. Drilled by J. Wilson, 191*8

, Soil and boulders ^. «..*...**..«««*.» 7 7Tonna formations

Clay, brown ...................... 2ii 31Sand, black, water-bearing .............. 2 33Clay, pink ...................... 37 70.Glay, blue ...................... 10 80Sand, fine, water-toearing ..««*.««...**»« 5___85

records isubject to revision

211

Table 2.- Materials Penetrated by Representative Wells * Continued

10./9-2R1. City of Merrill* Drilled iy C. ianlfeter, 1939 .

; , iwwto ";::. . ....; :... . ' Alluvium

Clay, gravelly, witH layers of water-bearing gahd . ». . .

Clay .......*....... ...,.,.... ^ ...

Yonna formation(t): *

Chalk rock with thin layers of water-bearing sand ...

lonna formations

Lower lava rocks:

ttiickness (feet)

103078h

9112

^

18

klit

1

991

1751 .

93,186J

60^39,

2

(fee*)

101)0

118122213225

230224

316tooIP!

530531706707800986|

IjQlrf

1.088

Unpublidaed records subject to revision

212

Table 2*- Materials Penetrated tiy Representative Wells - Continued

ljl/10-itJl. M. J. Bames. Drilled by 0, Storey, 195it._-_-__--~~_~ M . _ .. Tnicicness Depth

______________ Materials ______ . (feet> (feet)

Soil and gravel .................... 15 15Yonna formations *.". '"

Chalk rock, white ......... ......... 65 80Clay, blue ... ^ .................. 2|3 123Gravel, cemented (tuff?) *«».,«...*.,.*. 175 2^8Basalt, gray (agglomerate?) .............. it 302Gravel, cemented ................... 8 310Basalt, gray (agglomerate?) .............. 13 323Gravel, cemented, gray ...^. ........... 18Clay, blue ....................... 53Basalt, gray ^agglomerate?) .............. 11Gravel, cemented .............. . . .... 10Shale, blue and gray .................. 10Shale, blue . ............. ....... 8

Lower lava rocks(?)*Basalt ... *....*................ 9"Shale" with hard laminae *.........*.. . 16Hock ......................... 5"Shale" with hard laminae .............. $ k!%Rock .......................... 10 i$2"Shale" with hard laminae . ............. 12 h9hHock, water-bearing »..«......*.*.... 11 505"Shale," blue ..................... 13 518Hock, water-bearing ...*.»*««*«««.«.. it 522 Hocky-"shale," water"bearing . . . f * . «, ^ .. ».; .. *, . 18

itl/10-91.1. Wendell Moore. Drilled ty J. Wilson, 19it9

Soil, ciay and gravel .... . .... » V . . . . . . 20' 55"Yonna formation:

Chalk rock, yellow . *....,,...«....»« 15 35Sandrock, black, water-bearing * .,«.«..««« 15 50Chalk rock, yellow ..*.«*.....«.* «** 15 ^5Chalk rock, blackish ................. 110 175Cinders, black with hard laminae ..*.« *..* 35 210Sandrock, black *«.....*....«.»..... 6 216Chalk rock, brown *..* «.«...*«. ** » 38ii 600Sand, black, water-bearing «.».**..«a.*.« 100 700Hock, some gravel and sand »..*« .......* 15 715Sand ........ ........... o ....« 66 781


fable 2«- Materials Penetrated by Representative Wells - Continued^

la Ao-lOLl. Fatfcerington- Bros, Brilled" by Storey Bros* , 1950

ifc^«^o-i« Materials

Soil and hardpan «.........*«.»..,»« 11 11lonna formation* , ...C&alk rock, lowest 125^ white and blue .,...*. 159 l?O"Rock" ..,.;.*,...,...,. ,.....* 2 172Shale, blue, lowest 1? ft rocklike .*«...,...< ,2U 196"Rock" . .....a...."..,......*... 6 203Clay, lowest 22 ft black V/* ..,....,*... 21* 226"Rock11 ».. «,.*,. .'.*'/*'. «. .* * 2f 2J2&COayt, hard^ macky sticky /. . . , . * ^ * * , * . 62 51,0Chalk rock, blue, gritty ..*,*«,«*. ***. 149 ll$9"Rock" .......».**.»......,..*. 2 li&LOialk rock ,..... « .,.. . .... l| 1*62nRoclc« ..,*.« .* p ... 4 ...,«...,. J |-r 1*63Qialk rockj gravelly ».«*..*..* .«, «» 2 1*65"Roc>:» .;';,.';..,.;<»**.*..»...,. 1 1*66Chalk rqck^ gravelly ... *.. .« . . «..**. 2 1)60

lonna foniition(?): , ;"Rock" ,*.».:. t .^. **.-..*,.",*«.*.. 19 1*B?Clay . - . . * * . . *.. ..,.»,. .,* ...,.** ^"Rock" .....<.*...,.......»,«»... 8Clay »-»->..v. . »... ...« . ?"Rock" ..,..,,........ , . ....... . . 110 615Clay, red and blue ....*...*..*...,.. U; 629"Hock" .1 . .A ,..*«.......,.... .. .... 1 . 630day, so£t ........... 9 .......... 11 614"RockJ" wa^ter«43earinig (agglomerate?)!

no cuttings returned ,*.*,.,...*«**, 25 666Clay ..................... .. 1 667Gravel, water-bearing .*..»«..«« «...« 1 668Chalk rock, gravelly ,««*.....,....... 10 678

Leo McKoen. Drilled l^y J. VanMetery.1952;

Alluviums Soil and hardpan ................... 5 5Chalk, yellow (top 20 ft) and blue, sandy ...... 55 60Chalk, blue ... .................. 53 113Chalk and sand .................... 6 119Chalk green, with streaks of coarse sand in

lowest 20 ft ................... 1|6 165Chalk, yellow ............. ..'. .. -»: ... 6 171Sand .................... . . . . . I 172Chalk, yellow . « . . . . . . . . . . » . . . . . . . 8 180

alt


Handle Pope. Drilled by J. Wilson, 19l|6

i

i

Depth (feet) (feet)

Soil ,«....»».,.,.«,,»«.«**,*, U 1;tapper lava rocks (probably faulted)* -

Boulders ..a....,*...........,., ii6 £0Cinders ....*.*«..*....«. . . . . . * * 20 70Boulders; lost water in crevice ,,.».* ..» . 17Boulders « .....,»,.*».», ..,. . ..,- 21Cinders ... 9 ...».«*«..,.,...... 1?Basalt, creviced .».«**.....<.*« *.. 13 138Sandrock, water-bearing .....* *.*«.* 2Basalt, creviced, water-bearing » .««««*..*..<. 17

. John 0»Neil. Drilled by- C. Vanlfeter,ATtoviurat : ' »'."" "" ;- m ;- -'-_ ". ',''."."; .; . ",»-V.V '.\.'. . . ,

Soil and clay .......«....«..,.*.*. 12 12Quicksand «. * *«**»* «**»*«*»*« Jb 1^ Shale, water-bearing * ..*.... *«*.« * 5 21Chalk, little water at bottom .. 0 .......... 159 . 1^>

Yonna formation(7): ,Chalk .« .... . . » * * \. * . * * 119 299

Yonna formations - " - ' Sandstone, water-bearing * « 0 *......... 1 300Chalk rock ...................... Jb30 ?30Chalk rock* with layers of water-bearing sand «. . *.- _ J40

Unpublished records-subject to revision.

215

Table 2.- Materials Penetrated by Representative Malls - Continued

iil/ll-12H2. Wilf ord Dixon. Drilled by J. Wilson,

Alluvium ' " *"'...-Soil ......................... 6 6Quicksand, water-bearing *...«..,*,...«. 6 ' 12Sand, packe^, water-bearing ...«.......«, 36 1|8Puraice, coarse, water-bearing ....... ..».. 2 SOSand* packed, and clay) some 'water « » ««»* 2$ ?5Clay ......................... 15 90Sand, water-bearing «* .*» . **« 3 93Clay ......................... 19 112

lonna fomationsSand and clay, interlayered, water-bearing *...*. 23 13$Chalk rock with some water-bearing sand layers . . * . 250 385Chalk rock ........ ............. 335 720Sand .I.......;......*.....*.. / 2 722<%alk rook ...................... 8 730Clay, bentonite, swells .*.**«***»»»«.» 5 735Shale, sandy ........ J ...*..+ ..... 10 ?l(5

Lower lava rocks «Basalt, creviced, clay seams, water-bearing,

sons gas in water *....' ....... . 75

10/L2-5C1. 0. M, Preitag. Drilled by £,' E* Storey, 195U

Soil and loose touidera . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 10 1OVpper lava rookss

Rock, tan ....................... l£ $5Boulders ....................... 15 70Basalt, red ...................... 25 95Basalt, gray ...*.**.... *.*« Ii5 ' .11*0Shale (tuffaceous interbed?) ............. 20 160Basalt, black, water-bearing .. *«....« 6 166Basalt, red . ..................... 1 167

216

Table 2»- Materials Penetrated by Representative Wells - Continued

J4/L2-12H1. P*y« & Barney,, BriUsd fey J. VaaMeter,, 1953 *

inickness

Alluviumi . ;Soil, hardpan, sand, clay, small rocks »..*..,« 11 . 11Bo/olders and clay *,. V» . . ,, v »!»> ., * *, »> * T, 21 32

Yonna formation (?) (may be faulted material toward the top): ; ' .Clay, gravel and sand '. * '. '. *, \» , \ »'* * . « . * '" 6$ 97Clay, blue ***«»* ** « « * « -^ .^ *«*** ;6 ; 103Clay, yellow . . t , . ^ ..*,,,,"..,* * , , * , .5* 1C6|Sandstone, soft . ^ * » ^ .«.«««. .. 3§ , 112Sandstone, medium-hard *.. ^ . «... f «.,,« t 2 1114.Clay and sand .................... : 8 122Sandstone ** ^ « * «. * f .-0 ,« « * .* * ,*,^ ; . 11 333play and gravel * . ^ « « « ; «.,t ,* * » *. » * *:.* » . , 9Sand, packed, and gravel * . .«»..»..*»*. 1

Low«r lava rocks: ."'.,' ,*!.,*. ,Basalt, blue, 6revic6d ^ ««,***« * : ^ « <i t , . =?Bowlders, sand and gravel ,«*«., ,«..««« 18 168Basalt, shattered, an4 clay, ,..,^....*.M , 4$ -183Boulders, sand and gravel ».****«* «* * 9, 192Basalt, vesicular . . , « * *«-.;«.*,. . * * * A? , \ 209Boulders and gravel .,.*»***«*»«.»*** 3 .212" Basalt," bi*dwn' ."»".. ' .-'; ;'*; % «'. '. V.wV ,T'«1%% "' "" 'f^'-aS'Boulders and sand «.... »«..***..<>.. 2 215"Quartssite11 fl .... c ...*..,..,.*... 3 218Basalt, broken ««..«*«.*«*»«*»*«.* 1 219"Sandstone," red »......,«.*.» « » « * 6 225Basalt, broken ,*.,..,..*.. «"" ..... '9' 23U

' Boulder's,: grtvel alitJ-s^^W r V" V Y> >' f? V**;:.^ t *> ; -"''*- --5.'^Sandstone" .. «««,».*.« .*..'.*.«* ? -1 , ,Boulders, gravel 'and s^nd *«*^«) *< « < * , 6Boulders, sandstone and gravel «« *«* «*»« ^^fBasalt, broken *«« * **.* ***«***. la1Boulders, ;gravel, and clay ..,,,......*.. , 7iBasalt, red, cinders and "gravel11 ..« .. ».« 11 2?BSandstone" (tufj? interbed?) i . t , , * « . * * , * . .:.-;,;? ^?Conglomerate (breccia? )««««*«*««*«*»* o H5 JQQ

at

Table 2;- Materials Penetrated by Representative tyells. - Continued

la/12-2ljML. w. C. Daltonv Drilled \& C. VanMeitexi, 19l*2

.AUtnriun and Tonna formation (?):

Chalk rock .... ,..,.«.... ....; . » . . lot 185Chalk rock, streaks of pumice, sand and gravel . . . . Ib 199Chalk rock, sticky , .................... 101 300

Tonna fonnatiohs ........Shale, some water ......*.....*.*.,*.*. , 2 302Chalk rock ........................... 18 320Sandstone (with fossil bones and shells) ....... 12 332Chalk rock .....,......*......... 2?5 607Bentonite ....................... h 611Chalk rock, thin beds of water-bearing sand . * . . . 32 6ii3Sandrock, hard .....*......./«*.... 103-Chalk rock . .. . . . .. .... . .. .... * . 7

l^ipablished records subject to revision

218

Table 2.~ iiaterials Penetrated by Representative Wells * Continued

1*1/13-19F1. Loveness IJuraber Co. Drilled by F. VanMeter, 19U8

M-4.~~4.-i- Thickness Depth Materials (feet) (feet)

Sand and boulders ««.....,,..,..«. .. 3 3Tonna formation(?); .

Sand, packed (chalk 18-21 ft) .......... ... . 2U - 2?Sand, black, water-bearing .............. 5 32Chalk rock, gray and green *....,....«..« 21 53Sand; little water .................. 10 63Sand, packed ».,* .*«.......<,.....* 3 66Sand, black, coarse-. .*.,.........*... 2 68Sand, brown *..........*..*..*.«.. k 72Gravel, fine, and coarse sand * .,.......,« 1 73Basalt, broken, and bounders ............. 6 79"Conglomerate," clay binder »........,..«. 12 91Basalt, black . * * . »'«***»»,.«*»* . * * . 5 96Basalt, creviced, water-bearing (water, level dropped) . 13 109Basalt, red ...*.»..........«...« 7 116Basalt, broken in top 3 ft .. ,..'.« » , . . » 25 lip.Basalt, red ...................... 8 ll;9Clay, and gravel, soft (tuff interbedf) «......* 15 161*Basalt .« «............. ,..... it 168"Conglomerate, 11 hard ................. 6 17U"Conglomerate," basalt slag, cinders and red rock

(agglomerate interbed?) .............. 2 1?6Basalt, creviced in lowest 2 ft. .. Q ........ 5 181"Diorite," blue .................... 8 189"Conglomerate," hard ................. 20 209"Diorite" ....................... k 213Basalt, clay-bound cubical jointing ***.«..... it 217"Diorite," blue .................... 10 22?"Conglomerate" (agglomerate interbedt) ........ 28 255Basalt, creviced in top 3 ft ............. 23 278Basalt, broken^ some water in top 5ft. ....... 17 295"Granite," black ................... 18 313Conglomerate . . ... ^ ».....«..*...* .____6 319

'1V* '

'. . ' V '.'. f'*- > --S * "*'

* > '

..V.

:" ' '

---7-:-J s ""T f V. ^

* * **'

-.* ' ,»« .''. »* - -* , t

220

Table 3,~ Representative Springs fl

Topography: S, slope to valleys P, plain; U, upland. Yield: (e) estimated5 (m) measuredj (r) reported

Springno*

a>

Owner

(2)

Spring name

(3)

ft d> 5>* & H (Waterbearing& o S materialj^) *H QJ I

1^1

(W (S)

28/8-2341 U* S, Forest Service Hook-Spring

30/8~16Q1 J* P. McAuliffe Big Spring

tJ Pumice

do*

30/8-22D2 do*

31/6-19EL National Park Service

32/8~2l|£L Klamath Indian Reservation

Lenz(?) Spring P

Annie Spring

Bice Crane Spring

& do.

S 6,006 Pumice and lava rock

P U,600± Pundce

S h,775t Pumice and lava rock

32AO-27N1 do.

32A1-17P1 Tamsay Cattle Co. Wickijap Spring S it,600± do.

33/7-32A1 Klaraatii Indian Reservation

Spring Creek Basalt


i z: ; J» 5- a 3 ! W

00

» H $ $ *r co ^

S?*1

^is

i§CJ

» H

AG

)

1SS

^M

-IS

r >

*««S

fl a&

2a § §

8

«-* o

6

££op

jj

s.a

9*

§

is«r

5Tea

o> o

O

<D

VN

.H

a> M» t

03

Is

fO

o>

iCD ro

#

va I

O» ro

Har

dnes

s as

(p

arts

per

mil

lion

)C

hlor

ide

(Cl)

(p

arts

pe

r m

illi

on)

Tem

pera

ture

(°F

)

ro

222

Table 3*- Representative Springs in

Springno*

a)

Owner

(2)

Spring name

(3)

Topographyand

altitude(ft abovesee level)

(W

Water-bearingmaterial

(5)

33/7I-3KL Wood River Springs

Basalt

KLaraath Indian Reservation

Williarason River S Springs

i*,600-Agglomeratelayers of the

. Yonna £orniation

33/ll*9M2 Yamsay Cattle Co* Tamsay(?) S It,6o<4 Pumice

3U/6-2C1 U» S. Forest Service Mares EggSpring

3V7-18P1 Klawa&i Indian Reservation

P k,l6o Basalt

Agency Springs S ii,175 do*

3V7|*1P1 Oregon StateFisheries Bept*

do.

O\ o> H*

O PO

Hardness a

s CaCOo

(par

ts P

er million)

Chlo

ride

(£

1) (p

arts

pe

r mi

llio

n)

Iteiaperature

(°F)

ro

22k

Table 3** Representative Springs in

Springno.

CD .

Owner

(2)

Spring name

(3)

Topographyandaltitude(ft abovesea level)

' (W

Water-bearingmaterials

(5)

3U/3-22D1 Hagelstein Bros. Crawford Springs P U*2?0 Basalt

Rowland Lelo and Frank Stammers

3V8-26G1 Ida Corbell

Kamkaun Springs P li,37St do*

do.

do* do.

3U/8-33H1 H, D» Rafter Poisice

Klamath Indian Reservation

Godowa Spring S 5^550^ Basalt

35A2-28N1 do. P i|.J300£ Ptmiice

36/6-3K1 Olive Johnson Harriman Spring P Basalt, breccia

36/7|-19Dl U. :S. forest Service

Bud Spring do,


H- a. I a o» C

fc o 8-

ff i !

(D

ro to I VX

O

..

O

»TJ

3

*3

E

P »

J2

<D §

<o

88

?f

CO

§5

af

e

(D

fl9 5O n

v *^

^^

<tt

W

0>

PO*-

>O

'i^

O

« -5

tofi

1 «

« vn.

{n

a

a. ro

V\

8 &

CD

sr

Har

dnes

s as

(art

s p

er m

illi

on)

IE

Ctil

ori

de

(/I)

(p

arts

pe

r m

illi

on)

Ttem

pera

ture

(°P

)

9

<0 $ I 9 &

226

Table 3*- Representative Springs in

Springno*

a)

t-

Owner

(2)

.Spring name

(3)

Topographyand

altitude(ft abovesea level)

(«


(5)

36/12-18C1 L. L. Jackson S Basalt(?)

36/12-19U Dell Smith S I*,310 do.

367l2-2liEL B, 0^' Givan do.

36A2-3CKJ1 J, B. Casey S Ii,3l5 Basalt

36A2-31E1 B, 0. Schohchin lA/hisky Spring S I*,3l£ do.

Weyerhaeuser Timber Co*

Salt Spring do,

37/9-6E1 Klamath County Barclay Springs S l*,ll£ Basalt talus


OB

c**

O p

t-^

T

O*o

O & c*

* *

O\0

>

SCO vn

4=

-

iss-

fTO

, O

3S.8

* 0t

j ct

* CD

O

-

&1

o § ft

*

8 i CD

vn

i=-

».a

a

oa

o

<D

O

O

'N

-X

O

> *

' 5 -J

« -4

CD

.**

I2§

ICP

Q »^

I? 1 a. i <D

a «v

N-X

**>

'

-4 ***

*~*

OO

w x-*

v*

' s <^«»

***f

*~* ro Nw

'

<^N

*~

*

?

O 1

C!

O ,-

JI-*

'!

: i l

1

Har

dnes

s a's

CaC

Oo

] fp

ffY*t

Q pp

r ir|^

"ljL1

rin)

fC

hlor

ide

(Cl)

(p

arts

*D

^U*

in LI

I! "io

i^ i

Tem

pera

ture

(°

F)

§ :

C8

228

Table 3«~ Representative 'Springs in

Springno.

CD

Owner

(2)

Spring name

(3>

Topographyand

altitude(ft abovesee level)

<M

Hater-bearingmaterials

(5)

37/9-7F1 0, CU Horn S U,l60 Basalt talus

37/9*7Kl Tom Brown Hummingbird Springs

do*

37/9-11K1 C. L. Janssen Janssen Springs S ij.,820 Basalt

37/9-22E1 J, Nhiteline Miitelihe Springs S ij.,500 Agglomerate layerin Yonna formation

37/10-6L1 A. R. Devincenzi Edgewood Springs S ij.,500 Basalt

38/9-29J1 Balsiger Moto© Co. Balsiger Hot S lj.,110 do.Springs

38/11J-15C1 Orrin Hankins S ij.,200 do.

38/15-18P1 Robinson Spring S 5>*lf?0j; do.

the Klamath River Basin - .Continued

229

Occurrence

(6)

«< «.. .

Yield

"c£51onsper

minute

(?)

Date

(8)

Use

(9)

Hardness as CaCOj I (parts per million) \

(10)

Chloride (Cl) (parts!

per million) I

(ii)

Temperature (°F) I

[12)

1 %

Remarks

(13) -

At foot of fault scarp

do.

Between basalt flows

Outcrop of aquifer

200 ll/2ijA9 (e)

100 U/2VU9 (e)

B, 50 3

Err

50 3S

$00 H/17/U9(e)

(r)

S 1|0

UA7A9 Df 1*5

Between basalt flows . 2,500 llA8A9(e)

D,5

Outflow from regional ground-water bo<5fer after passing across hot fault zone

May be on trace of fault

Contact between basalt flows

100 12/20/5U (e)

11/13A9 B 50 it

150 9/1/51* (e)

1*9 A 100-f t rocked-up tunnel into talus5 water ditched to irrigate approxim ately 1 acre of land*

k9 Covered and piped to storage tank.

50 Yield reported to vary with precipitation*

50 Reported to fluctuate with a lag of about a year behind pre cipitation*

52 Flow reported to fluc tuate slightly .and to increase in the spring of the year.

179 Used for heating large automobile shop*

51 Basalt overlain by impervious clay*

Impounded by small earth dam*

230

Table 3«~ Representative Springs in

Springno*

a)

Owner

(2)

Spring name

(3}

Topographyand


(h)


f*V

39/8-1311 Lee Bolliday Alluvium

39/8-2701 D, E« Colwell P 1*,110 Basalt

39/9-18P1 Weyerhaeuser Timber Co.

Hardboard Spring P

39AO-3AHL I«o Donovan dene Hot Springs

39/LO-0.2iM2 Dr. A. 0* Roeniche dene Hot Spring S Ufl60(part of group)

do*

39AO-22K1 Dr* Paul Sharp Crystal Spring S U,l60 Basalt

39A1-10Q1 .Cecil Hunt and others

Bonanza Springs P 1^,107 do*


231

the Elamath River Basin * Continued

^

Occurrence

(6)

, . > t » £-"*? »'

rallonsper

dnute

P>

Date

(8)

Use

(9)

^1O T*$$

»^S tHag°<D a

f»"

MQC

IB N*.

10 )

I0,^^

/*v^ e^"""H

$31*O ^

1-4 0JS P0

(11)

rf N

^N^

ICS)fc-i

(12)

Remarks

(13)

Probably outflow from regional ground-water body in basalt, mov ing into alluvium and then discharging

Contact between basalt flows

(e)12/ 6/$k D

Ii5o (r)

135 (r)

On trace of major fault

do*

Outflow at the base of the upper lava rocks

On trace of inter* secting fault zones in bedrock

900 (r)

8,960 to

9,870 (r)

12/ 6/5Ii D $6 6

/I|0ind:i58 5

U/2VU9 D 115 38

12/ 9/Sfc H 106 67

12AO/5U S

70 Well drilled in spring obtained no increase in water; well pene trated peat soil to 10 ft, blue clay 10 to 50 ft, basalt 50 to 90 ft*

60 Located on edge of valley floor at base of slope from upland*

70 Used by the hardboard plant; see table li for partial analysis of water*

125 Several orifices on banks of Lost River j all orifices located on same fault trace*

158 Used for heating res* idence and small shop by gravity flow through radiators*

78 Fish pond formed by small dam at spring*.

59 Includes several ori fices on banks of Lost River$ discharge of all orifices in cluded in 8,980- to 9j870-flow reported by 1 owners essentially the entire flow of Lost River during sum mer and fall 5 see

232

Table 3.- Representative Springs in

Springno*

M

Owner

(2)

Spring name

(3)

Topographyand


(W


'.<?>'

39Al|~lGBl I* J* Horton Shook Springs S 1*,110 Vesicular basalt

High Bros S li,100 Basalt

Gerber Ranch (?) Casebeer Spring S 5,05oi do.

« 0, Freuer do.

ij.O/13-lOEl Walter Smith, Jr* Big Hot Spring P li,l!>0 Basalt -ferough alluvium

Harry Martin S i;,2liO Basalt

: o C*

o-S

1(D

ttt

0> CJ

. I S

s1 <*a

P§ Q

d- co

£ a £ <D

® Q

v

xo

Jt

fts|

sS

I'S.

8*H

§ § 5

a

CD &f?

Q °

" "5

©

Q

Q" <

D .

|3 (T

O o

no.

o.

^e

to»>

I CO VO

2 3 o> NO s p s §

f 'l1f CD

"*-

i j^H

fp $

Har

dnes

s as

CaC

oo

Chlo

ride

(Cl)

(P

arts

* p

er m

illi

on)

Tem

pera

ture

(°

?)

? <a

*

Table 3«~ Representative Springs in

Springno*

CD

Owner

(2)

Spring name

(3)

Topographyand


(U)


(5)

tO/lU-6Gl Joe Patucek S 1|,210 Basalt

Mrs. Kilgore do.

U1/15-16N1 U. S. Government do.

ttopublished records subject to revision

the Klaiath River. Basin - Continued

235

. . . ., ......

Occurrence

(6)

Flows from base of upper lava rocks

Yiel(. . . . , » .

Gallons per

minute

(7)

2f> (r)

1 . ' '"

Date

(8)

8/5/5U

Use

(9)

D,s,

Ibd

fe

Hardness as C fruuHbii T»«T» mi

lie)

52

1%*+*-.

i Chloride' (Cl) L. t>er million)

(11)

5

O

<D

(12)

72

. ..- - ,. - - ...,^^- ... .»> ..- ,-.-..

Remarks

osi';-^'"?' ' :

Concrete swiiraning pool at spring site for public ufi&j has 2 orifices. -!"

Flows from base of I|0 upper lava rocks(?) (r) along major fault escarpment

Flows from contact UOO between basalt (e) flows

D, 92 2 Sf Irr

10/9/5U

f

One of 7 similar ' springs alsng- side of hill; total flow of springs reported as 120

a braneh of.RockCreek. *-*"--w- :?

236

Table lu- Chemical Analyses of Ground( 'V**1^

Analyses by U. S. Geological

Veil or spring no* Date of collection

Dissolved solids -(Total).

Hardness as CaC03(Calcium, rtagnesium)

Sodium-Adsorption ratio

Percent soditun Specific conductance

(microidios at 25° C)

2-19-55 U410-52 , U-19-ltf

Temperature ,(°JP) .Silica (SiOa) * ' ' -39Iron (Fe) V r :

(Total) ; ': ' . >'. t*to(In solution) V [ : .lj8

Calcium (Ca) - .......,...' __ 3.6HagnesiuBi Ofe) .-. . . ^* U»c5r~Sodium (Ka) .. . ..,. "i^.Potassium (K). - - -jg.

Bicarbonate (HCX)3 ) A>o , *Carbonate (C03)Sulfftte (S0[j) * ^:,^3Chloride (ca) . -.--^8Fluorine (p) «S ,«Nitrate (NO^) * *0-Boron C?J »6ii

" -Jg T--

; to-.;

17.01

iuo

5*8i;r "w

38'' ''I 2

:-.%8,-' -.2

.0

.1

" r «$ -. i<551

- ; , ' * '' f *'"'.03.02

13 15 -3- .,U .^

- 22 "^ ' «*» ., '. ....

105 128 " ' >- * * " * - *

5.3 i*k& m <r . ^»w^

Is ' 149* ' """

/ ' " "* .#0' ;: "''

83

22

1.5

59

1127.5

.7

62.?

a Analysis by U. S. Bureau of Reclamationb Analysis by Charlton Laboratories, Inc., Portland*c Analysis by Bennetts, Tacoiaa*^Contains equivalent of k ppm 003.(S) spring.

11»7

0

5*

7ur

158

' ' .1 ,

25a»

T*T

/^ Water In the KUwath River, Bfitsin( p in parts per million, '

Survey unless otherwise indicated. )

38/9-28N1 38/9-2®>2 , 38/9*33Dl 38/9-35Elb 38/L14-12M1 38/Lli~30Ql 39/9-i&rio

17881

.6k

.0

23.0

213

328

1*035k1.2.0,96

833

5819

12

88

Ifl608.8

161*87

.0

.0

25.0*th

32. , 8

ii31...: 561.6.0.91

881

6223

12

88

. 1*230*8«7 "

16083

.0

.0

22.0

2073.8

*W

39350

1*1*.2 7t

8i2

5516

12

88

1,100 8.5 -

125 5170 32

.0 .01*

3821 '21

i2%

380 16'53 '^6.2

.217

.(XL

784 261* :

I& 1820

6.9

20

i»09-SUO. 7.5-

61 701*7

.oU JA

.03

u*8.8

20

Ifil* 11*52.96.6 5.0.2.1**01

161 158

71 H 30 .$

*"' ' 1.0. ' ' -v, ..,.; '3a

200- 7,7 7^7


238

Table It.- Chemical iialyse^ of Oroxnid Water

WelX or spring no. Date %f collection

Temperature (PF)" ,. ....... ,^Silica (Si02 ) 38 Iron (Fe)(Total) «l6 *36 (in solution) »0l ^03

Calcium (Ca) 5«ii 13Magnesium (Mg) 19 .6 7*2Sodium (Ka) ^Potassium (K) J1J*

Bicarbonate (11003) 796 133 xo6Carbonate (003)Sulfate (SO^) 00 2.5Chloride (Cl) 9,1 12 7 1.7Fluoride (F) .3.2Nitrate (N03) « .0 ^6Boron (B) ,01

Dissolved solids(Total) 180 723 186 129

Hardnass as CaC03(Calcium, magnesium) 31^ 52 Noncarbonate ' 0 0

Sodium-Adsorption ratio (SAR) 43

Percent sodium 33 Specific conductance

(microwhos at 25° C) 2i(0 165 P8 ; 8.5 - 7.9

b Analyses by Charlton Laboratories, Inc., Portland, d Analyses Isy Northwest Testing Laboratory, Seattle. S spring.


o.

COf»«

|

f>A

1H

V

0G

OH

O O

*

*

O

i-l3

go

; *

*V

>O

O

\

O\*

r-f

oo

. *

*

H r-i r-i

03N

O C

O H

CO

O

H H

*1

A* *

Q\

NO

O

t«\ p

-CM

CM

* E*.

oC

ViCVI

\O*

O

\O

CO

GO«

"<£:

TJ

Table 5.* Discharge and Tenêrature of Streams and Sjpringstheftaraa& Hw Basin '

:; '. ./' ' .' .-/ '. ' .--,., ""; -, » ; " , - . TemperatureDate of ' ; , -. Location of/ ', '" " Discharge of water

^^^ V '. "" "Coif tti ,Wllllamson giver and trjbiirtaries above the &lamath Marî

Sept, 16 Williameon River NWj sec. 1, T« 33 S., 7$«2iOR. ? E* below

Spring

17 Beep creek SW| sec* 22, T. 31 S., 1*03R, 11 £ at

17 Aspen Creek Ntf| Bee. 21, T. 31 S., 2*90R. 11 E.

17 Irving Creek SEj sec. 19» T. 30 S., l.$lR« 11 E«

17 Jackson Creek SW| sec. 7> T. 30 S,, b«66R. 11 E.

29 Williamson Rover SV^ sec* 17* T. 30 S., 70.67 52R. 10 E. t near Kijbtredge Ranch

29 Three Greeks SWj sec. 28, T* 29 S., .35R. 9 E», at mouth

29 Big Spring Creek SE^ sec. 22, T. 30 S., 89.20 hk and diversion R. 8 E*

Williamson River and tribataries below Klamath Marsh

Sept. ,.3,6. ,*&niajiflmmver*,M B*O. 1,-T. 33 S., .,, J9*7' *R." 7~Ei> near-Kirk" - '

16 do* Sec. 2, T, 3k S« f 123*0R« 7 E., at former gaging station above Spring Creek

22 Spring Creek NEj sec. 9, T. 3k S,, 307 at mouth R. 7 S.

16 WUliamson River* Sec. 3, T. 35 S., 75kR. 7 E., nearChiloquln

Êstablished USGS Gaging station* Unpublished reftsords stibject to revision

Table f>,~ Discharge and Temperature of Streams and Springs - Contintted

Bate of Location of measurement /Stream or spring measuring siteg^ T^E^*?J^? BLii^.._ _._y??'?:l>"?'ll*jBH*>J"l|g^B^ _^9f^^-^:S*-^ ^ . _^,_ ___ v .!_.

Sprague River an<d its tributaries

TemperatureDischarge of water \(cfs)

SEj Sec, 8, T. 37 S0 , R* 15 E«, U miles east of Bly

Sept* 28 . Sprague River South Fork

25 Sprague River Nttf sec* 5> T« 36 S., (North Fork R. lU E. below diversion)

23 Sycan River

23 Long Creek

2ii Svcan River

SEj sec. 21, T. 32 S,, R. ~Lh E.j at ZX Ranch

sec* 1*, T. 32 S., R. 13 E.

sec. 10, T. 33 S., R. 13 E., at Svcan Guard Station

13.63

26*11

28 Sprague River NEj sec. 10, T. 36 S., 13.50> (North Fork R. 11* E. diversion)

25 Meryl Creek SE| sec. 30, T. 35 S», Iiu33R ^L ii T? * ^tf X!t*

28 Five Mile Creek NEj sec. 3k9 T» 35 S,, 20.20 and diversion R. 13 E.

28 Sprague River* SEj sec. 13, T. 36 S., 155R. 12 E., ij miles east of Beatty

7.8l

15.50

9.19

25 Sycan River SE| sec, 3k, T* 35 S., 33»0R. 12 E<,, 3 miles north of Beatty

29 Kamkaun Spring SEj sec. 25, T« 31* S., 65.81*R* 8 E0 , at mouth

29 Sprague River* KE-J sec. 35, T. 3k S., 330

50

58

1*8

56

55

51

51*

52

NE| sec. 35, T. 34 S., R* 7 E«> near Chiloquin

^Established USGS Gaging station*

Table 5»- Discharge and Temperature of Streams and Springs ~ Continued

TemperatureBate of Location of Discharge of water

Stream or sgring aeasurin slte (of s) (°f -195b Drainage into tfcper Ktamath Lake other than Williamson River

Oct. b Annie Creek ' SEj sec. 25, T. 33 S*, 63.57 b2R* 6 E*

b Fort Creek and * NWj sec. 26, T* 33 S», 96*92 b9 diversion R. ?f E«

b Crooked Creek SWj- sec. 1, T. 3b S», b3*ltb b7R» ?| E., 100 ft above

Sept, 29 Agency Spring STtf| sec. 18, T. 3b S.,R. 7 B«, at Klamath Indian Agency

17 Wood River* m% sec. 22, T. 33 S0 bb5, 7| E., at Fort '

Oct. 5 Sevenndle Creek SW| sec. 36, T. 33 S., 86*83 b3- R. 6 E. ' v.

5 Mares Egg Spring NEj sec* 25 T0 3U S., 11*57 b5R. 6 E.

5 Threemlle Creek SEj sec. 29 T* 3U S., .91 b3R« 6 E.

5 Nannie Creek SWj sec. 10, T» 3b S*, 5«51 bbR. 6 E*

Lost River and Spencer Creek

Oct 6 Spencer Creek Sl^J sec. 20, T. 39 S., 25o58 bbR. 7 E.

1953

Oct. 22 Lost River* Sec. 18, T* 39 S*, 38*5R. 12 E», 3 miles SE of Bonanza

22 Lost River* SEj sec. 19, T. 39 S., Ib3R* 11 E., 3 miles SW of Bonanssa

195b . ..' do* 115 ........ ....l.

^Established U3GS gaging station. Unpublished records subject to revision

Table 6«- Meaguents of Det to Water in -Observation Weils»(barometric) determined by means of aneroid baroaeter;

"(map) estimated from topographic map^7 (Water levels ^re in *K feet below land-surface datum*)

29/8~3ijDl. Jack O1 Conn or. Altitude of land surface, U,620 ft (barometric)

Date Water levelAug. 19, 1951* Oct. 26 Nov. 18 Nov* 23

28.28 30.03 .. 31.19 31.UO

Date Water levelDec. 18, 195U" *

!. June 27, 1955 Aug« 25

32.58 36»S7 36*65

- *. -9

29/LO-1SD1* Klamath Indian Reservation, Altitude of land surface,U,535 ft (barometric)

Aug. 31, 195kOct. 6

26Nov. 18

23Dec. 1

18

23.7323.6223.8723.9123*96

r 23.852U.15

Jan, 1, 1955Feb. 1Mar. hApr. 5June 30Aug. 26Oct. 11, 1956

r 23*76r 23.58r 2iu35r 2kii6

21^.532iu9620.98

r From automatic recorder charto

30/7-6&1. Klamath Sidian Reservation. Altitude of land surface,ft (barometric)

Aug. 27, 195U Oct. 26 Nov. 23

18U.95 I81u8k I8lt.79

June 27, 1955 Aug. 26

185.16 185.50

30/7-11G1. Klamath Indian Reservation. Altitude of land surface,U,625 ft (barometric)

Aug. 27, 1951*Septo£9.Oct. 15

26Nov. 23

56.7U57.3957.W56.2956.31

Dec. 18, 195UJune 27, 1955Aug. 26Oct. 11, 1956Dec. 22

56.14157-ilO58.0657.60$7.56


Table 6.- Measurements of Depth to Water in Observation Wells »' Continued Jl

Claudia L. -Lorenz, Altitude of land surface, k,l86 ft (barometric)

DateAug. 2, 195k Oct. 27 Dec. 19" Feb. 16, 1955

Water level1.02 .85 .85

1.67

DateJune 29, 1955 Aug. 26 Oct. 11, 1956 Dec. 22

Water levell.lk 1.51 .31 05

-

3V8-36Q1* Edna Stantoru Altitude of land surface, 1*»182 ft (baroraeteto)

Aug. 9* 195k 1MOct. 27 9*88Doc. 19 10.33June Jg9* 1955 su 95

Aug. 26, 1955 Apr. 8, 1956 Octf 11 Dec. 22

10.82l.l«5 8.809.39

35/7-5F1. Cora Crystal. Altitude of land surface, k919h ft (barometric)

Nov. 29, 195k Dec. 18 26.53

26.91

Aug. 25, 1955 Apr. 8, 1956

27.1625.56

35AQ-19B1. Ted Crurae. Altitude of land surface, k,3$Cf ft (barometric)

Aug. 2, 195U 10.8Oct. 27 16,37Dec. 19 23.3if*Feb* 16, 1955 18.0k

June 29, 1955 Aug. 26 Apr. 8 , 1956 Oct. 11

21.3318.376.98

11.69on

35/12-27Q1. Henry Noneo. Altitude of land surface, k,365£ ft (barometric)

Aug. 7, 195k 9.0kOct. 2? , 9.17Apr. 8, 1956 8.89

Oct. 11, 1956 Dec. 21

10*83 8.0k

ihpublished records subject to revision

;f1fc| Table 6.- Measurements of Depth to Water - Continued

36AO-H*K2. Ivy dark. Altitude of land surface, ^,31*5 ft (map)

Date Water level Date Water levelAug. 5, 195k 25.90Oct. 27 2lu09Dec* 19 ' 2iu01Seb,. 16, 19. .. 22.86

June 29, 1955 Aug. 26 Apr. 8, 1956 .Oct.. 11

23.81* 26.91 25.51 2iu8l

36/H-29tt. W. If* Williams.' Altitude of land surface, U,380 ft (map)

Oct. 27, 195U * 9*88Doc. 19 . , ' 10.02Feb. 16, 1955 9.69June 29 37.00*

Aug. 26, 1955 Apr. 6, 1956 Oct. 11 Dec. 21

9.638.359.269.82

#Pump on (measured with electric tape)...

36A2-UjMU Beatty Recreation Hall. Altitude of land surface, It,3ii5 ft (map)

Aug. 10, 195U ... .6. aOct. 27 6.52Dec. 19 6.51Jure 2Q 195 6.35

Aug.. 26, 1955 Apr. 6, 1956 Oct« 11 Dec. 21

3.6k.90

2.80

36AU-17B1* E. w. Hyde. Altitude of land surface, ii,370 ft (map)

g. Oct. 27 Dec. 19 ' June 2 1955

51.5551.7552.0352.36

^^Augr"2671.955 Apr. 6, 1956 Oct. 11 Dec* 21

52.6?51.19 50.78"

51*02

39A3.J-2831. W. Tubach. Altitude of land surface, ii,105 ft (map)

Aug. 27, 195U 10.066ct* 28 9.80Dec. 17 9cii6Feb. 18, 1955 9.05

June 28, 1955 8.?5Aug. 25 " ' 6.50Apr. 7, 1956 - 8.ii3Det. 11 11.88Dec, 20 8.6k

Unpublished records .subject to revision

2U6

Table 6.- Measurements of Depth to Water * Continued

39/12-29K1. Jack Weimer, Altitude of land surface, fc,lJjQ ft (map)

Date ( Water levelAug* 11, 1951* Oct. 28 Dsc* 17 Feb. 18, 1955 June 28, .

17,69 22.62 2i*.25 25.1*6 18,20

DateAug. 25, 1955 Apr« 7, 1956 Oct. 10 Dec, 21

Water level16.31* 21.33 16.71 22.07

39/12-36L1. Hoyd Grawford. Altitude of land surface, k,l50 ft (map)

Aug. 19 1951* 35.21*Get* 28 3?.1*0Dec. 17 39*27Feb, 18, 1955 1*1.1*2June 28 37.82

Aug, 25, 1955 Apr. 7, 1956 Oct. 10 Dec, 21

36.09 38.13 3U.55

. A. W, Schaupp. Altitude of land surface, I*,l50>ft (map)

Aug. 21, 1951*Oct. 28Dec. 17Feb, 18, 1955Jiaae 28

10.7710.5710.3211,31*11,53

Aug. 25, 1955Apr. 7, 1956Got. 10Dec. 20

11,868.38

10.6010.1*1

1*1/11 ~9B1. Leland Pope, Altitude of land surface, U,066 ft (map)

Sept* 9, 195k Got, 29 Dec. 3.7

29.98 29*58

Feb. 18, 1955 June 28

. 25

3k.0k 32,56 31,29

i*lA2-3El. Albert Stastny, Altitude of land surface, U,110 ft (map)

A«g. 31, 1951*Oct. 28Dec, 17Feb. 18, 1955June 23

0.791.001.10.75

1.00

Aug* 25, 1955Apr, 7, 1956Oct. 10Dec. 20

1.37.82

2.723.11


afe?

Table 6«- Measurements of Depth to Water * Continued

ltlA2*12HX. Frye & Barney0 Altitude of land surface, ii,220 ft (nap)

Date Water, level .Oct. 28, l9Sh 167.82 Dec*. 17 ... , 167.6? Feb. 18, 1955 167.65 June 28 187.05*

Cate,Aug. 25, 1955 Apr. 7, 1956 Oct, 10 Dec, 20

Water levelI83*li2*

16^82

on*

la/12-19CJ1. D. P. Beid. Altitude of land surface, I*,0l5 ft

Aug. 31, 19514Got, 29Dec. 1?Feb. 18, 1955June 28

11.377*1£6^77 .6.839.25

Aug. 25, 1955Apr. 7, 1956Oct. 10Dec. 20

6.003*86h*9ki*.83

lilAit-7Rl. CJharles Kilgore. Altitude of land surface, Ii,l50 ft (barometric)

Aug* k, 195k 17-(^ Augo 25, 1^5 " 17^ilOct. 28 17.77 Apr. 7, 1956 I6,k2Dec. 17 17.99 Oct. 10 17.08Feb. 18, 1955 17.66 Dec, a 17.02June 28 17.55 ; _____


CUED

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Dean, H* T*, 1936, Chronic endemic flourosis: Am* Med. Assoc. Jour*, 107, p. 12-69-1272,

Fenneman, N, M«, 1931, Physiography of western United States: Hew York, MgQraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., map*

Grover, N* C*, 1917, Surface water supply of the United States, 191k, Fart 11, Pacific slope basins in California: U« 8. Geol* Survey Water Supply Paper 391*

Henshaw, P. F., 1912, Preliminary report on water resources of KLaraath Indian Reservation, Oregon: U* S. Geol* Survey, open-file report (typewritten)*

Merewether, £* A., 1953, The geology of the lower Sprague Elver area, Kiamath County, Oregon: Univ. Oregon thesis for Master of Science degree.

Meyers, J. B*, and Hewcomb, R. C«, 1952, Geology and ground -water resources of the Swan Lake-Yonna Valleys area, Kiamath County, Oregon? U. S. 0eol« Survey open-file report (duplicated).

Newcomb, R. C*, 1953, lonna formation of the Kiamath Eiver basin, Oregon: Northwest Science, vol* 325 no. 2, p. ill -1*8.

Moore,, B« N., 1937, Nonmetallic mineral resources of eastern Oregon: U. S» Geol* Survey BuH* 875.

Scofield, C« S., 1936, The salinity of irrigation water: Smithsonian Inst. Ann. Rept* 1935, p* 275-287.

Wells, F.G., 1939* Preliminary geologic map of the Medford quadrangle, Cregon: Oreg* Dept« Geology and ifin. Industries*

kT'.lii«,ms, Howell, 19^> The Geology of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon: Carnegie Jhst. Wash. Puv. 5^0*

RC Newcomb and D, H, Hart Open-file report

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Transcript of RC Newcomb and D, H, Hart Open-file report