Punjab Economic Survey 2019-20 gzikp nkofEe - ESOPB

Economic and Statistical Organisation,

Department of Planning, Government of Punjab

www.esopb.gov.in

Punjab Economic Survey 2019-20 gzikp nkofEe ;ot/yD 2019-20 Fostering prosperity for all

;opZs dk Gbk

High life-

expectancy High per-capita

income

100%

electrification High road

connectivity

Significant

contribution to

central pool of

wheat and rice

High agriculture

yield of wheat and

paddy

“I will give you a talisman. Whenever you

are in doubt, or when the self becomes too

much with you, apply the following test.

Recall the face of the poorest and the

weakest man [woman] whom you may

have seen, and ask yourself, if the step you

contemplate is going to be of any use to

him [her]. Will he [she] gain anything by

it? Will it restore him [her] to a control

over his [her] own life and destiny? In

other words, will it lead to swaraj

[freedom] for the hungry and spiritually

starving millions? Then you will find your

doubts and yourself melt away.”

© Copyright 2020

Government of Punjab

Published by


Department of Planning,


All Rights Reserved. No part of this

publication may be reproduced, stored or

transmitted in any form or by any means

without the prior permission of the

Government of Punjab.

Prepared by:



Government of Punjab, Chandigarh

.....

Preface

Punjab State Economic Survey has presented, for years, a consolidated picture of latest economic

developments and key government initiatives in addressing socio-economic challenges in the State. The

Survey has been a critical document for various stakeholders including members of legislative

assembly, administrators and researchers. In the year 2019-20, an attempt has been made to further

strengthen the quality of the State Economic Survey in terms of coverage and analysis so that this can

serve as reference document for policy makers.

The per-capita income of Punjab stands at Rs. 1,66,830 in 2019-20 which is higher than Rs. 1,35,050

at national level. The State is expected to grow at 5.3% in 2019-20. The growth is higher than expected

growth at national level at 5%. Although agriculture sector’s share in GSVA has declined over the years,

the Sector remains a driving force in the State. This is reflected by significant proportion of

manufacturing and service sector enterprises which are agriculture-based.

Punjab is called ‘bread basket’ of India. While Punjab’s share in total geographical area of India is

1.5%, Punjab alone contributed more than 1/4th and 1/3rd of the central pool of rice and wheat

respectively in 2018-19. The agriculture sector in Punjab is highly developed and nearly 99.9% of net

sown area is irrigated. Cropping intensity is nearly 190%. This has ensured that Punjab remains at the

top in wheat and paddy yields tally. The Sector has also been a source of prosperity for dependent

population (NAFIS 2017-18) as monthly income for agricultural households in rural areas is highest

across states. The State is cognizant of environmental implication of wheat-paddy monocyclic farming

in terms of depletion of water resources. The scheme, Pani Bachao Paise Kamao aims to incentivize

farmers to save ground water resources. Participant farmers gets a fixed allocation of electricity

consumption. If farmer consumes less than fixed allocation, then the farmers receive a benefit of Rs. 4

per KwH for electricity not consumed. Moreover, electricity under the scheme is available during day-

time hours only, so as to save wastage of water supplied at night which allows farmers to monitor use

and limit wastage. To control air pollution, innovative practices are being promoted in paddy straw

management to minimize stubble burning.

Moreover, the State is experiencing an increase in the share of the livestock sector, which would serve

as stabilizing force for the agriculture and allied sector overall. The Sector is expected to grow at 6.9%

in 2019-20.

Agriculture sector is considered to be most inclusive sector in terms of trickle-down impact of economic

growth. Growth in agriculture sector has helped the State improve socio-economic outcomes. On an

average, a child born in the State is expected to live four years more than what is expected at the national

level. Family planning is pursued actively. More than 3/4th of the population uses contraceptives. This

has brought down the fertility rate to 1.6 as compared to 2.2 at the all-India level. On most health

indicators, Punjab performs better than all-India average leaving aside maternal mortality rate. Across

all levels of education, more children are enrolled in schools relative to the target population. With the

Jaspal Singh, IAS

Principal Secretary,



State’s efforts, school infrastructure is at par with other high-income states and significantly better than

national average.

With outputs dimension addressed, the next task at hand would be to improve learning outcomes. The

State sees it as an opportunity to leverage its demographic dividend. The current scenario of rapid

technological change makes development of foundational skills critical. This would equip students from

Punjab to move across jobs in their adult age in response to changes in work profile. Accordingly, the

Government of Punjab has launched a learning enhancement program ‘Padho Punjab Padhao Punjab’

(PPPP) in all government schools for all classes to ensure age and class appropriate levels of learning.

It stresses on conceptual, rather than rote learning. Under this programme, the students’ learning is

assessed, and they are grouped as per the learning levels. Teachers have been trained to use activity-

based teaching techniques to improve the learning levels of the students and to move students to the

next level of learning in a time bound manner. It is heartening to note that the students learning levels

have started improving through the Learning Enhancement Programme PPPP.

The Government is mindful of the potential of women empowerment to fuel economic and social

development in the State. Reservation of women in local councils has been raised from 33% to 50%.

Gender gap in educational outcomes has reduced substantially. Sex ratio, although low, has improved

to 886 in 2015-17 from 837 in 2005-07. Females perform better in learning outcomes than males. 69.6%

of Punjabi females independently or with their husbands, take decisions about their health and

households, against 63% females at the national level. There are opportunities in further enhancing

labor force participation of women.

The industrial sector constitutes around 1/4th of the GSVA with expected growth of 4% in 2019-20. The

State has experienced structural transformation (i.e. movement of labor and other productive resources

from low-productive to high-productive economic activities). Manufacturing is the leading sub-sector

of industrial sector. Food products and textiles are the leading manufacturing industries in the State. To

ease investment scenario, the State has implemented various reforms as listed under Business Reform

Action Plan by Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, Ministry of Commerce and

Industry. Some of them include dedicated commercial court in Ludhiana, online land allotment through

e-auction, timely disposal of electricity connection in 7-15 days, online availability of master plans and

cadastral maps. The State is geared towards bringing in more reforms to ease doing business in Punjab.

At all-India level, service sector has seen surge in its share in gross value-added. Punjab is no exception.

The share of services sector grew from 43% in 2004-05 to 46% in 2019-20. In comparison to other

sectors, growth in services sector has been the highest. The Sector grew at 7% in 2019-20. The Sector

employs 41% of the workforce. It is expected that share of services sector would grow in future because

larger proportion of increased household income is spent on services. Trade and repair, transport,

financial services are the leading sub-sectors in service sector.

With economic progress, urbanisation has been growing in Punjab. Around 37% of population reside

in urban areas relative to 31% at the national level. It is expected that with increase in per-capita income,

greater proportion of population will reside in urban areas. This would increase demands on the

government for efficient and effective service delivery. Provision of affordable housing in urban areas

is an opportunity in Punjab. Housing sector has high economic multiplier effect and can boost

construction sector growth too. The latter is particularly important as it is also an entry point for the

labour force leaving agriculture sector given the low skill requirement.

The Survey further elaborates on these trends in greater detail.

On behalf of the Planning Department, we thank all departments of Government of Punjab,

Administrative Secretaries and HoDs for their inputs and feedback on this document which has further

enriched the analysis and presented holistic picture of state of the economy and key developmental

opportunities in front of the State.

I thank Daljit Singh Mangat, IAS, Special Secretary-Planning, Mohit Tewari, IRS, Additional

Secretary-Planning, Mohan Lal Sharma, Economic Advisor; Harvinder Singh, Coordinator-Economic

Survey and other officers of Economic and Statistical Organisation.

Our thanks to the team that has spent days and night in bringing analytical rigour to the economic survey

and policy insights:

PwC Economics and Public Policy team comprising of Dr. Tapas Kumar Sen, Dr. Manoranjan

Pattanayak, Mehul Gupta, Ravneet Kaur, Devkanya Chakravarty, Anurag Saha, Sarvnipun Kaur,

Pradyun Rame Mehrotra, Arpan Aggarwal, Akshat Agarwal, Ipsit Rath, Dr. Biswajit Mondal and

Vineet Tolia.

All the participants in consultation workshop; Dr. BS Dhillon, VC, Punjab Agricultural University; Dr.

BS Ghuman, VC, Punjabi University; Dr. R.S. Bawa, VC, Chandigarh University; Dr. SS Gill, CRRID;

Dr. RS Ghuman, CRRID; Dr. HS Shergill, IDC; Dr. Kuldip Kaur, GNDU; Dr. RS Sidhu, Punjab

Agricultural University; Dr. Lakhwinder Singh, Punjabi University; Dr. Kamal Vatta, Punjab

Agricultural University; Dr. Balwinder Singh Tiwana, Punjabi University; Dr. Sukhpal Singh, Punjab

Agricultural University; Dr. Jatinder Singh, CRRID; and Dr. SP Padhi, Panjab University.

Department of Language for helping in translation and Punjab Government Printing press for

relentlessly supporting in timely printing of this document.

We hope this document will serve its purpose of highlighting state of the economy, generating policy

insights and key opportunities in front of the State Government to make Punjab even more prosperous

in the future.

Jaspal Singh

Contents

Chapter 1 Macroeconomic Overview ................................. 5

Economic growth ........................................................ 5

Sectoral performance ................................................... 6

Economic growth and individual welfare ................. 13

Inflation ..................................................................... 16

Population and employment ...................................... 20

Chapter 2 Agriculture, Allied Activities and Rural

Development ........................................................................... 37

Introduction ............................................................... 37

Performance .............................................................. 38

Employment .............................................................. 40

Agriculture based industries ...................................... 40

Agricultural sub-sectors ............................................ 40

Factors influencing agricultural performance ........... 50

Institutions and infrastructure .................................... 59

Agricultural household profile .................................. 63

Rural development .................................................... 65

Chapter 3 Industrial Development ................................... 69

Introduction ............................................................... 69

Performance .............................................................. 69

Index of industrial production ................................... 71

Employment .............................................................. 72

Capital formation ....................................................... 74

Selected industrial sub-sectors: a closer look ............ 75

Electricity, gas, water supply and other utilities sector

................................................................................... 81

Size-based classification of industries ....................... 84

Various government initiatives taken to promote

industries ................................................................... 85

Chapter 4 Services Sector .................................................. 89

Introduction ............................................................... 89

Trade and repair ........................................................ 93

Tourism ..................................................................... 95

Transport ................................................................... 99

Telecom ................................................................... 102

Financial services .................................................... 104

Various government initiatives ............................... 105

Chapter 5 Urban Development ....................................... 107

Urbanisation in Punjab ............................................ 107

Urban infrastructure and its financing ..................... 117

Urban local government .......................................... 118

Urban reforms ......................................................... 121

Chapter 6 Human Development ...................................... 123

Introduction ............................................................. 124

Sustainable development goals ............................... 125

Healthcare and nutrition .......................................... 128

Education attainment ............................................... 141

Women empowerment ............................................ 155

Uplifting of marginalised classes ............................ 163

Poverty .................................................................... 165

Environmental challenges ....................................... 167

Chapter 7 Public Finance ................................................ 169

Overview ................................................................. 170

Revenue receipts ..................................................... 171

State expenditure ..................................................... 177

Public debt and other liabilities ............................... 186

Public financial management reform initiatives ...... 189

Chapter 8 Governance ..................................................... 191

Introduction ............................................................. 191

Law and order.......................................................... 193

Combating corruption ............................................. 195

E-governance ........................................................... 196

Transparency ........................................................... 201

Decentralisation: empowering local bodies ............ 202

Annexures ……………………………………………..i-lvi

Chapter 1 Macroeconomic Overview

Economic growth

Economic Growth in Punjab has been moderating over the past two years, in tandem with the

national trends. The advance estimates for Punjab’s Gross State Domestic Product (at constant 2011-

12 prices) follow the same trend, as evident in Figure 1. Punjab’s GSDP grew at 5.98% in 2018-19

(Quick Estimates) and moderated further to 5.33% in 2019-20 (Advance Estimates).

Growth rate of Punjab has overtaken the growth rate at national level, as per the advance

estimates for 2019-20. Despite the moderation in growth rates over the past few years, Punjab is

expected to grow faster than national average in 2019-20, unlike trends in recent years. Since 2013-14,

growth rate in Punjab was slower than the national average. However, the estimates for 2019-20 indicate

Economic growth in Punjab is expected to overtake the national average growth rate in 2019-20, after

a span of 5 years. Although in comparison to previous year, growth is expected to moderate, in tandem

with national trends. This moderation is a result of a general slowdown in the Indian economy and

specifically, in the agriculture and manufacturing sector. These sectors contribute the maximum share

to Punjab’s GVA. Growth in services sector is expected to continue to be stable around 7%.

Agriculture sector is a source of livelihood for 26% of the working population, slightly less than the

sector’s share in Punjab’s Gross State Value Added (GSVA). This is a result of high levels of

mechanisation of agriculture practices in the State. Agriculture sector drives the growth in the

economy, driving growth in industry and services sectors in the State, as well. However, going

forward, crop cultivation, especially that of wheat and rice – hitherto in the vanguard – is unlikely to

be the source of growth. Even in 2018-19, GSVA in crop husbandry contracted. Instead, crop

diversification and greater dependence on the ‘allied sectors’ is likely to be the way forward. Farmers

in Punjab seem to be cognizant of this, as the share of livestock sector has seen an increase in the

sector GSVA in recent years.

The industry sector contributes 25% of GSVA and has grown at more than 5% in last five years.

However, 2019-20 saw the sector witnessing some slowdown in growth, as manufacturing sector

(which contributes over 13% share of the GSVA) grew at 1.8%. Construction sector GSVA, electricity

and other utility services GSVA also slowed down from the previous year.

Services sector is the leading sector in both economic activity and employment generation. In 2019-

20, the sector is expected to continue on its high growth path. Other services – comprising of health,

education and personal services, trade, repair, hotels and restaurants, and real estate and

professional services led this growth.

All of this has translated into better welfare outcomes for people, where the per capita income in

Punjab is 1.24 times the per capita income at the all India level. Another positive development is the

relatively low ‘wealth’ inequality, as measured by the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2015-

16. It showed that Punjab has the highest proportion of population (62%), among Indian states, in the

top national wealth quintile. In recent years, improving worker population ratio also point to

improved well-being though higher labour force participation rate than before has also meant higher

unemployment rate.

In future, steps that could enhance the well-being of Punjab’s people are helping women enter the

workforce, to overcome the low, though improving, female Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR).

Making fiscal space could be imperative to enable employment programmes. In the immediate term,

controlling the food price inflation in recent months would bring relief.

6 Punjab Economic Survey 2019-20

a shift in this trend. The advance estimates for 2019-20 indicate that growth in GSDP at all India level

will be 5%, against 5.33% in Punjab.

From the production end, the estimates for Gross State

Value Added (GSVA) portray the same story. At both the

national level and Punjab state level, GSVA growth rates have

witnessed a declining trend. However, real growth in GSVA in

Punjab for 2019-20A is higher than the real GVA growth in

India. A national level slow down, especially in the

manufacturing sector during 2019-20 may have constrained the growth of the GSVA in the State as

well. GSVA grew at 5.09% in 2019-20A, against 5.54% in 2018-19.

Figure 1: Growth rate of Punjab's GSDP vis-a-vis India's GDP

Sectoral performance

Like the national economy, the services sector has contributed the largest share in State’s gross

value added, in recent years (Table 1). Over past 5 years (2015-16 to 2019-20 (A)), services sector in

Punjab has contributed an average share of 46.4% annually. The natural transformation process of any

economy witnesses the services sector contributing the largest share as an economy progresses. With

higher per-capita incomes and more spending powers, the demand for services witnesses a rise, as has

been evident in the case of Punjab as well. Advance estimates for 2019-20 indicate a further rise in the

share of services share in Punjab’s GSVA to 46.7% in 2019-20A, from 46.2% in 2018-19.

Table 1: Sectoral growth rate, share and employment in Punjab's GSVA

Real Growth Rate Share in Nominal GSVA

Share in

Employment

(2017-18)

Average

for 2012-13

to 2016-17

2017-

18(P)

2018-

19(Q)

2019-

20(A)

Average

for 2012-13

to 2016-17

2017-

18(P)

2018-

19(Q)

2019-

20(A)

Agriculture & allied sectors 1.7% 4.6% 2.3% 2.3% 29.2% 29.0% 28.7% 28.1% 26.0%

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab & MoSPI,

Government of India

Punjab’s GSDP grew at an

average rate of 6.06%

between 2015-16 and

2019-20.

5.3%

5.0%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 (P) 2018-19 (Q) 2019-20 (A)

Punjab's GSDP growth in 2019-20 is estimated to overtake national average

Punjab India

7 Chapter 1: Macroeconomic Overview


Share in

Employment

(2017-18)

Average

for 2012-13

to 2016-17

2017-

18(P)

2018-

19(Q)

2019-

20(A)

Average

for 2012-13

to 2016-17

2017-

18(P)

2018-

19(Q)

2019-

20(A)

Industry 4.9% 6.0% 5.8% 4.0% 24.6% 24.7% 25.1% 25.2% 33.1%

Services 7.3% 6.8% 7.1% 7.0% 46.1% 46.2% 46.2% 46.7% 40.9%

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab and PLFS 2017-18

Yet, unlike the national economy, agriculture and allied activities continue to contribute a large share

in Punjab’s overall value added, exceeding the share of industry. In 2019-20, agriculture and allied

sectors is expected to contribute a share of 28.1% of the Punjab’s GSVA. Since the Green revolution in

1960s-1970s and mechanization of agriculture in Punjab, the State has grown to be the bread basket of

the country. The sector continues to be the driver of Punjab’s economy, pulling up the industry and

services sector in the State as well, as described in Box 1. A slowdown in the growth of the sector has

contributed towards the moderation in the state’s overall growth rate.

Box 1: Agriculture sector driving Punjab’s growth

Agriculture and allied sectors

Punjab has historically had an important role in bolstering India’s agriculture production and

food security. Along with Western Uttar Pradesh and Haryana, the state was at the forefront of the

Green Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s. Till today, it enjoys the status of being ‘India’s granary’ –

contributing towards 12% of the country’s rice production, and 18% of wheat production. Notably,

Punjab’s percentage share in the country’s area under cultivation of the two crops was 7% and 12%

respectively1. This high yield, mechanised cultivation is a distinguishing characteristic of Punjab’s

agriculture. It also means that unlike at the all India level, where a 16% share in total value added,

1 Data for 2017-18, available in Agriculture Statistics at a Glance, 2018.

Relative to national trends, the sectoral composition of Punjab’s Gross Value Added is more

balanced, as mentioned before. Even though, services sector has grown to have the largest share,

industries and agriculture continue to have a significant share in the GVA. While the three sectors

are interlinked and progress in one impacts the other sectors too, agriculture sector can be believed

to be the driving force for Punjab’s economy. The boom in Punjab’s economy during Green

Revolution is testimony of the role played by the sector in making Punjab one of the richest states

in the country.

Punjab continues to be an agrarian economy and exploratory analysis shows that agriculture sector

plays an important role in driving growth in other sectors. With a lag of a year, a unit’s rise in

agricultural product results in 1.4 units rise in services product and 1.77 units rise in industrial

product, which is two to three times the impact of other sectors. With majority of industries in

Punjab being agro-based, the growth in agriculture adds to the raw material for the industries.

Further, with Punjab producing a majority share of central pool of wheat and rice, transportation of

these cereals adds to the growth of services sector. Additionally, it should be noted that, with higher

agricultural income the demand for products from the industry and services sector products grows,

boosting the entire economy. It is evident that agriculture sector is the axis in the economy, strongly

impacting growth in other sectors and driving the economy.


translates into a 44% share in the country’s employment for the agriculture and allied sector, in Punjab

a 29% share in GSVA, translates into a more proportionate share of 26% in employment (Box 2).

Hence, it is not a surprise that the NABARD All India Rural Financial Inclusion Survey (NAFIS) 2016-

17, found that among all the states, agricultural households in Punjab reported the highest average

monthly income (Rs. 23,133), with Haryana coming a distant second (Rs. 18,946) (NABARD, 2018)2.

It also means, that the general conception that agrarian states record low per capita income does not

2 NABARD (2018). All India Rural Financial Inclusion Survey (NAFIS) 2016-17. Available at

https://www.nabard.org/auth/writereaddata/tender/1608180417NABARD-Repo-16_Web_P.pdf

A common trend observed across States in India is the dominance of services sector in State’s GVA,

followed by manufacturing and agriculture sector. However, in terms of employment, the distribution

of workers in the three sectors has been majorly skewed towards agriculture. A stark mismatch in

output and employment concentration of the three sectors is witnessed at the national level and is

presented in Table 2. Share of agriculture sector in India’s GVA stood at 16.5% as per advance

estimates for 2019-20, while the sector employed almost thrice (44.1%) of the total labour force. This

mismatch indicates towards a labour intensive nature of agriculture sector and low per-labour output

at the national level. In contrast, services sector which is estimated to contribute 55.3% of India’s

GVA in 2019-20, only occupied 31.04% of the total labour. This indicates towards a probable case

of jobless growth in service sector at the national level.

In a contrasting trend, the composition of output and employment in Punjab, across the three sectors,

is relatively much more balanced. Contributing over 28% of the GVA of the state in 2019-20 (A),

agriculture and allied activities employed 26% of the labour force in the State. Use of advanced

technologies like farm equipment and relatively expensive HYV seeds and fertilisers have pushed

various farmers towards other sectors. This has ensured towards a more balanced distribution of

workers and higher per-labour output in all sectors, in comparison to the national level trends.

Services sector with a share of 46.7% of Punjab’s GVA, as per advanced estimates of 2019-20,

employs 40.9% of the State’s labour.

Table 2: Sector-wise composition of GVA (2019-20A) and employment (2017-18)

Employment Share (2017-18) Share in GVA (2019-20A)

Punjab

Agriculture & allied activities 26.0% 28.1%

Industry 33.1% 25.2%

Services 40.9% 46.7%

India

Agriculture & allied activities 44.1% 16.5%

Industry 24.8% 28.3%

Services 31.0% 55.3%

Source: PLFS 2017-18 and Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

Box 2: Balanced output and employment structure in Punjab supported by mechanized agriculture

sector



hold true for Punjab. In fact, it is a rare state that enjoys both a high share of agriculture in total GSVA

and a high overall per capita income (Box 3).

Box 3: Agricultural Share and Per-capita Income

In recent years however, Punjab has experienced uneven growth in agriculture, especially in crop

cultivation. In the last two years (2018-19 and 2019-20A), GVA growth of the agriculture and allied

sector slowed down to 2.3% from 4.6% in 2017-18 (Table 3). This slowdown was most noticeable in

the crop husbandry sector, where GVA witnessed a negative growth rate. The Union Economic Survey

of 2018-19 posited that falling food prices at the all India level could have led to farmers producing

less. While this could be a potential reason – the Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation for food and

beverages in 2018-19 was almost one-third of that in the previous year – in Punjab, the slowdown may

also be symptomatic of long-term trends in crop cultivation. For instance, while paddy cultivation

contracted in 2018-19, area under paddy cultivation marginally increased. Hence, a fall in yield was to

There is a negative relation between per capita income and share of GSVA coming from agriculture

and allied sector as can be seen from Figure 2 below. It plots the average share of agriculture and

allied activities GVA in State GVA against the average PCI of the State. The analysis has been

conducted for the period of 2011-12 to 2016-17 for all General Category States.

However, Punjab is the rare state that continues to have a dominant share of agriculture and allied

activities and yet have a high per capita income. Figure 2 shows that Punjab and Haryana are the

only two States in Quadrant III (i.e., those states whose average per-capita income and share of

agriculture and allied activities in State’s GVA is above the average for General Category States).

In fact, Punjab has the highest per-capita income out of the top 7 states by share of agriculture and

allied sector in State’s GVA.

Figure 2: Average per-capita income and share of agriculture and allied sectors in gross state

value added for GCS (2011-12 to 2016-17)

MP

AP

PB

RJ

UP

BH

WB

HR

OD

GCS Avg

CH

JH

GJ

TL

KL

KA

MH

TN

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

Avea

rge

Per

-Cap

ita

Inco

me

In I

NR

Tho

usa

nd

s

Average share of agriculture and allied sectors in State's GVA

Quadrant II

Note: Goa has been removed as it is an outlier. Shares measured as a proportion of GSVA in current (2011-12) prices.

Source: MoSPI, Government of India

Quadrant I

Quadrant III Quadrant IV


be blamed. This stagnation also seems to hold true for wheat cultivation, as can be seen in Figure 3

below. Since the 2000s, the area and yield of paddy and wheat have both plateaued. Potential reasons

for this could be diminishing marginal returns especially in the backdrop of low investment ratios

though this needs to be explored in more detail (Box 4). Crop diversification is likely to be the way

forward.

Table 3: Growth rates and share of agriculture and allied sectors (2012-13 to 2019-20A)


Average

for 2012-

13 to

2016-17

2017-18

(P)

2018-19

(Q)

2019-20

(A)

Average for

2012-13 to

2016-17

2017-18

(P)

2018-

19 (Q)

2019-

20 (A)

Agriculture &

allied sectors 1.7% 4.6% 2.3% 2.3% 29.2% 29.0% 28.7% 28.1%

Crops 0.5% 3.4% -0.3% -0.2% 17.8% 16.8% 16.3% 15.5%

Livestock 4.6% 7.2% 7.5% 6.9% 8.6% 9.8% 10.0% 10.4%

Forestry &

Logging 0.3% 3.7% 2.5% 2.1% 2.5% 2.2% 2.1% 2.0%

Fishing 6.4% 3.4% 0.3% 2.5% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3%

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

Figure 3: Area and yield of paddy and wheat in Punjab


0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

19

50-5

119

60-6

119

70-7

119

80-8

119

90-9

119

95-9

620

00-0

120

05-0

620

06-0

720

07-0

820

08-0

920

09-1

020

10-1

120

11-1

220

12-1

320

13-1

420

14-1

520

15-1

620

16-1

720

17-1

820

18-1

9

Paddy

Area ('000s ha) Yield (kg/ha)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

19

60-6

1

19

70-7

1

19

80-8

1

19

90-9

1

19

95-9

6

20

00-0

1

20

05-0

6

20

06-0

7

20

07-0

8

20

08-0

9

20

09-1

0

20

10-1

1

20

11-1

2

20

12-1

3

20

13-1

4

20

14-1

5

20

15-1

6

20

16-1

7

20

17-1

8

20

18-1

9

Wheat

Area ('000s ha) Yield (kg/ha)


Future growth in the agriculture is also likely to come from

the allied sectors – which are promisingly, increasing their

share in agriculture GSVA. Share of livestock sub-sector in

State’s GVA has consistently grown over the years to reach

10.4% in 2019-20A and the sub-sector has witnessed

consistent high growth in the recent past. Over the last 3

years, growth in livestock sub-sector has been the highest

amongst all sub-sectors in agriculture sector. Efforts of the

Government in livestock through various national and state-level initiatives highlight the state’s focus

on boosting the growth of this sub-sector.

Box 4: Investment growth in Punjab

Industry Sector

Driven by the manufacturing sub-sector, the industrial sector has been witnessing a moderation in its

growth rate in the past two years. Advance estimates for 2019-20A highlight that growth in the sector

is expected to slow down to 4%, on back of slowdown in manufacturing sector growth to 1.8%, The

trends in industry sector mimic the growth at national level. Manufacturing is not only the highest

Investment enters GDP from the demand side – in the year in which the investment is made, GDP

is higher by the extent of the investment demand. Moreover, investment in terms of machinery,

capital etc., also predispose an economy to future growth. This is one area where Punjab has scope

to improve.

In 2017-18, Gross Capital Formation (GCF) was 13.12% of GSDP in the state, in comparison to

all India level of 29.5%. It is also instructive to look at these ratios sector-wise (Figure 4). Not

surprisingly, the industry sector has the highest GCF to GSVA ratio – based on the nature of the

industry. Services, by nature of the industry and also often being informal in nature also has

relatively low investment ratios. However, both these sectors showed an improvement in the

investment ratio between 2011-12 and 2017-18.

Figure 4: GCF to GSVA ratio – industry and services

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Government of Punjab

28.7%

12.7%

31.1%

13.0%

Industry Services

2011-12 2017-18

Livestock sector holds

significant promise to

overall economic

prosperity in Punjab given

the constraints faced in

other Agri sub-sectors.


contributor to GSVA growth within the industrial sector, but also among the top overall sub-sectors,

second to cropping sector (Table 4). The focus on agriculture sector has led to ancillary industries like

food processing and textiles to come up in Punjab. The state, today, is a leading producer of apparels,

woolen knitwear and sports good. Ludhiana city has emerged as the largest manufacturing cluster in

north India. Further, light engineering (production of bicycles and auto parts) is an important industry

in Punjab. Efforts of the State government to set up various textile parks and light engineering parks are

expected to revive the growth of industries in the state.

Construction GSVA is expected to moderate to 2.4%. Growth in electricity GSVA is also expected to

moderate, but to remain high. Share of electricity and other utilities in State’s GVA is expected to reach

5% in 2019-20. Punjab is also strategically placed to harness solar electricity. Various initiatives have

been undertaken to boost growth of renewable energy resources in the State.

Table 4: Growth rates and share of industry sector (2012-13 to 2019-20A)

Services Sector

Consistent with national trends, services sector contributes the largest share to Punjab’s GVA and is

also the fastest growing sector. The sector has consistently contributed a share of over 46% of the State’s

GVA and witnessed a growth over 7% over the five-year period between 2012-13 and 2016-17. After

a slight slowdown in 2017-18, the sector rebounded in 2018-19 and grew at 7.1% (Table 5). Advance

estimates for 2019-20 indicate that the sector will continue to contribute a share of over 46% and grow

at 7%. It is interesting to note, that apart from financial services, all other sub-sectors in services sector

have grown at over 6% since 2012-13 (on average). 2019-20 is estimated to be a year of strong growth

for the sector, with all sub-sectors witnessing a growth rate of over 6% (excluding financial services).

Complimentary to light engineering industries, trade and repair services have contributed almost 11%

of Punjab’s service sector GSVA, year after year. Propelled by high growth rates, however, ‘Other

services’ have now surpassed this share. Real estate is the other important contributor to GSVA with a

share of 9% over the last eight years and consistently rising growth rate in the recent past.

Punjab has further potential to boost the services sector, especially in the domain of tourism.

Amritsar is a popular destination for tourists from within and outside India. More than 50% of total


Average

for 2012-

13 to

2016-17

2017-

18 (P)

2018-

19 (Q)

2019-

20 (A)

Average for

2012-13 to

2016-17

2017-

18 (P)

2018-

19 (Q)

2019-

20 (A)

Industry 4.9% 6.0% 5.8% 4.0% 24.6% 24.7% 25.1% 25.2%

Manufacturing 5.4% 5.9% 5.6% 1.8% 14.2% 13.7% 13.8% 13.5%

Electricity,

Gas, Water

Supply &

other Utility

Services

10.1% 9.1% 7.0% 6.0% 3.5% 4.4% 4.7% 5.0%

Construction 1.5% 4.8% 5.6% 2.4% 6.9% 6.6% 6.5% 6.4%



tourist arrivals in Punjab are in Amritsar. The city provides scope for both heritage and rural tourism to

develop in the state. Further, the state is growing to be a popular destination for medical tourism.

Jalandhar has various nursing homes equipped with modern technologies, and is thus, emerging to be

a popular medical tourism destination, especially amongst Non-Resident Indians (NRI).

Table 5: Growth rates and shares of services sector (2012-13 to 2019-20A)


Average

for 2012-

13 to

2016-17

2017-

18(P)

2018-

19(Q)

2019-

20(A)

Average

for

2012-13

to 2016-

17

2017-

18(P)

2018-

19(Q)

2019-

20(A)

Services 7.3% 6.8% 7.1% 7.0% 46.1% 46.2% 46.2% 46.7%

Trade, Repair,

Hotels &

Restaurants

7.7% 7.1% 6.8% 7.2% 10.9% 10.7% 10.7% 10.8%

Transport,

Storage,

Communication

& services

related to

broadcasting

7.1% 5.4% 6.0% 6.4% 5.5% 5.2% 5.1% 5.1%

Financial

Services 4.2% 5.2% 5.6% 5.1% 5.4% 5.0% 5.0% 5.0%

Real Estate,

Ownership of

dwellings &

professional

services

6.9% 7.1% 7.3% 7.6% 9.3% 9.2% 9.2% 9.2%

Public

Administration 7.0% 7.0% 5.7% 6.2% 5.2% 5.1% 4.9% 4.9%

Other Services 9.5% 7.9% 9.1% 8.0% 9.9% 11.0% 11.3% 11.7%


Economic growth and individual welfare

SDG Indicator 8.1.1 Annual growth rate of real GDP per capita

On average, the per capita GSDP (at current prices) in Punjab is estimated to be Rs. 1,85,282 in

2019-20, a growth rate of 7.63% over 2018-19. This implies an average monthly GSDP of Rs. 15,440

in 2019-20. In per-capita income terms (which is ratio of NSDP and population), estimated per-capita

income is Rs. 1,66,830 in 2019-20A, 1.24 times the per capita income reported at the all India level.


Intra-state trends in per-capita income

Roopnagar, SAS Nagar and Ludhiana are the leading

districts, in terms of per capita income since 2013-14. As

of 2016-17, Roopnagar reported a per capita income (in

current prices) of Rs. 169,725, SAS Nagar reported Rs.

154,310 and Ludhiana reported per capita income of Rs.

152,332. Interestingly, Roopnagar is an agrarian district with

30% of its Gross District Value Added (GDVA) coming

from the agriculture sector. SAS Nagar and Ludhiana are

however, powered by manufacturing, contributing 29% and

27% respectively to the respective GDVA in 2016-17. On the other hand, Gurdaspur and Tarn Taran

districts report the lowest per-capita income in the State. Restrictions on economic activities and border

tensions have constrained growth of these districts.

Inequality

There is some indication that Punjab does well in terms of relative inter-personal equality.

National Family Health Survey (NFHS) provides data on wealth inequality, as measured by ownership

of consumer goods and access to facilities. Relative to select states, Punjab has the highest proportion

of the population in highest wealth national quintiles as per NFHS 2015-16 (Table 6).

Table 6: Percent distribution of the population by wealth quintiles

State Name Wealth quintile

Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest

Punjab 0.6 3.7 11.8 21.9 62

Andhra Pradesh 4.6 15.3 32.5 29.9 17.7

Gujarat 8.7 16.8 21.1 24.1 29.4

Haryana 1.7 7.3 17.4 26.5 47.1

Karnataka 6.3 19.9 26.7 26.7 20.5

Kerala 0.3 2.2 13.3 35.8 48.5

Maharashtra 9.2 16 22.5 26.4 25.9

Tamil Nadu 3.5 14.7 27.5 31.6 22.7

Telangana 6.3 17.2 25.9 27.4 23.2

Source: NFHS, 2015-16 (As per NFHS households are given scores based on the number and kinds of consumer goods

they own, ranging from a television to a bicycle or car, and housing characteristics such as source of drinking water, toilet

facilities, and flooring materials. These scores are derived using principal component analysis. National wealth quintiles

are compiled by assigning the household score to each usual (de jure) household member, ranking each person in the

household population by their score, and then dividing the distribution into five equal categories, each with 20 percent of

the population.)

Punjab estimates per-

capita income of

Rs.1,66,830 in 2019-20

in comparison with

Rs.1,35,050 at all-India

level.


Box 5: Analysis of district wise economic activity using GIS

Figure 5 shows per-capita income of each district relative to highest per-capita income district in

2016-17. Roopnagar is the highest per-capita income district. The poorest district, Gurdaspur’s PCI

is nearly 52% of per-capita income of Roopnagar in 2016-17.

Figure 5: District per-capita income relative to highest income district, 2016-17 (PCI in current

prices)

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Government of Punjab

There does not seem to be very strong relationship between per-capita income across districts and

share of non-agriculture sector in district gross value added. The correlation between these two

variables is 0.49 (less than 0.5). This could be due to relatively prosperous agriculture sector in

Punjab.

An attempt is made to extract policy insights from night lights database. It is expected that higher

night light intensity is associated with greater economic activity. In the figure below, district wise

mapping of GDDP and night light is made. Darker shades reflect higher GDDP and white patches

reflect extent of night light intensity. It can be seen that Amritsar, Jalandhar, Ludhiana with high

GDDP also reflects higher night light intensity relative to other districts. The correlation between

GDDP and night light intensity in the district stands at 0.82 in 2012-13 and 0.86 in 2016-17. This

supports strong positive relationship between night light intensity and GDDP.

A comparison is made between 2012-13 and 2016-17 for which data is available. Some of the

interesting insights include:

1. High income districts such as Amritsar, Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Sangrur, Patiala and Hoshiarpur

reported growth in GDDP at the rate of 44.2% at current prices while other districts reported

43.6% growth. This can be considered high growth taking into consideration level differences.

Night light intensity has further grown in districts (26.5% relative to 24.6% for low light intensity

districts) which already had high night light intensity or high GDDP (areas highlighted in

rectangles). However, this increase in night light intensity is due to spread of economic activity

outside the growth centers within those districts (rectangular areas). While night light intensity

in these districts as a whole increased at an average rate of 26.5%, growth of night light intensity

in the growth centers of these districts was only 6.9%. This possibly indicates geographical

dispersion of economic benefits.

[Note: While night light has high positive correlation with the economic activity, there could be errors which may

disguise the economic activity. This could include various factors such as stubble burning which may be captured in

night light intensity but does not reflect high economic activity.]

1.00

0.91 0.900.87 0.86

0.84 0.84 0.83 0.82 0.820.79

0.75 0.74

0.68 0.67 0.67 0.66 0.66 0.640.61

0.550.52

Ro

op

nag

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SA

S N

agar

Lud

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SB

S N

agar

Fat

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San

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Mog

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Far

idk

ot

Pat

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Fir

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r

Muk

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Am

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ar

Faz

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r


Inflation

Inflation plays a critical role in any economy by impacting the real income of individuals. Though

inflation management is largely a function of the Union government, given its impact on people’s real

income, inflation is a relevant theme at the state level as well.

Inflation Trends

Inflationary environment in the State has been benign over the last few years, fluctuating within the

RBI target range of 2% to 6%. The recent inflation numbers, although, show a divergence from the past

trends. Inflation has been on the rise in Punjab, mimicking the all India scenario (Figure 6). Post August

2019, inflation rate has risen rapidly at the State and national level, especially in the last quarter (October

to December 2019), breaching RBI’s 6% target in December 2019. This was largely on account of

increasing food inflation. It should be noted that, contrary to popular belief, mild levels of inflation are

considered good for the economy, by promoting consumption and thus, production.

2012-13

Note: Map not to scale

2016-17

2. Review of night light intensity across districts points towards areas which can be potential growth

drivers in future too and can generate similar economic benefits and geographical dispersion.

These are encircled in the map for 2016-17. Growth in night light intensity of these encircled

regions was also higher at 14.3% than high light intensity regions (rectangular) which was only

6.9%. Potentially, deeper analysis of these segments in terms of strengths and constraints can

guide role of State to make them future growth centers.


Figure 6: Inflation (CPI General Index) in Punjab and India

Food and Non-Food Inflation

Increasing food prices have made the

national headlines in recent months. As

seen in Figure 7, food inflation fell in 2018-

19 in Punjab and India, both. However, the

scenario has reversed in 2019-20, with

accelerating rates of inflation (Figure 7). In

December 2019, food inflation reached

13.2% in Punjab. Food inflation has been

driven by almost all its sub-components.

Vegetable price inflation has of course, been

the most visible phenomenon with prices in

December 2019 being 68% higher than

those prevailing at the same time in the

previous year. There has also been steady

rise in prices of cereals, that account for the

highest weight in the measure of food

inflation from April to December 2019.

Milk and products, fruits and pulses and

products have similarly seen high inflation.

Dramatic increase has been seen in meat and

fish prices in 2019-20, though they moderated in the last two months (November-December).



0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

201

6-1

7

201

7-1

8

201

8-1

9

Ap

r-19

May

-19

Jun-1

9

Jul-

19

Au

g-1

9

Sep

-19

Oct

-19

No

v-1

9

Dec

-19

Food inflation has been witnessing a sharp

rise

Punjab India

Figure 7: Food and beverages inflation in Punjab vis-

a-vis India

4.4%3.7% 3.8%

3.5% 3.6%3.0% 2.8%

3.8% 4.0%

5.2%5.1%

7.0%

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 Apr-19 May-19 Jun-19 Jul-19 Aug-19 Sep-19 Oct-19 Nov-19 Dec-19

Inflation environment in the State has been benign over the last few

years

Punjab India

RBI Target

Range (2%-6%)

5.5%


In terms of non-food inflation, except for health and pan, tobacco etc., all other components of non-

food inflation have moderated (Figure 8). For instance, 'fuel and light’ and ‘transport’ components have

seen a deflation. Education inflation has also fallen, witnessing disinflation of almost 7 percentage

points. The worrisome trend is the high inflation in health (10.1%) and household goods and services

(5.6%), which are essential commodities/services for enjoying decent quality of life.

Spatial variation in inflation trends

Rural inflation in

Punjab exceeds urban

inflation, though the

gap has been

declining. A reversal in

the trend, at the national

level, has been observed

since the past financial

year with urban

inflation overtaking

rural inflation (Figure

9). Punjab continues to

have a positive rural-

urban differential in

2018-19 and 2019-20

(till Dec 2019).

This is on account of

non-food inflation in

rural Punjab exceeding the non-food inflation in urban Punjab, across various products. The differential

is most significant in the category of Pan, tobacco and other intoxicants, where rural inflation till Dec

2019 averaged 18.1%. In contrast, urban inflation in the same category was 3.4%. Similarly, inflation

in health, recreation and household goods and services are higher in rural than urban areas. It should be

noted that in Punjab, contrary to national trends, urban food inflation has exceeded rural food inflation

from April 2019 onward. This was largely on account of wide differentials in rural-urban vegetable

-2.0%

-1.5%

-1.0%

-0.5%

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 (till Dec)

India Punjab

Figure 9: Rural-urban inflation differential in Punjab vis-a-vis India


-2%

2%

6%

10%

14%

Fuel

& l

igh

t

Tra

nsp

ort

&

com

mu

nic

atio

n

Foo

twea

r

Clo

thin

g

Rec

reat

ion

Ho

usi

ng

Edu

cati

on

Per

sonal

Car

e

HH

goo

ds

&

serv

ices

Hea

lth

Pan

, to

bac

co e

tc

Inflation in majority of non-food items has moderated

2018-19 (Till Dec) 2019-20 (Till Dec)

Figure 8:Inflation in various non-food items in Punjab



inflation, and inflation in prices of pulses, sugar and confectionery, eggs, milk (and other dairy

products), oils and fats.

Drivers of Inflation

Food & beverages and miscellaneous items are the largest contributors to inflation in rural and urban

Punjab during the first three quarters of 2018-19 and 2019-20. While food inflation in Punjab has been

relatively lower than non-food inflation over the years, the recent upward trend in food inflation and

the high weightage attached to food items, has made it an important contributor to the inflation in the

State. Further, with high inflation in miscellaneous items like personal care goods, household goods and

services and especially, health care, have led to miscellaneous goods also significantly impacting the

inflation in Punjab.

Rising food inflation has also removed disparities in contributors to inflation in rural and urban areas

(Figure 10). In both rural and urban Punjab, food inflation contributes more than half of overall inflation.

While in rural Punjab, this means that share of food inflation has more than doubled, in urban areas the

contribution of food inflation has gone up by 15 times, from inflation in 2018-19. Miscellaneous

products are the next highest contributor to inflation with 40% in rural areas and 25% in urban areas,

during the first three quarters of 2019-20. Interestingly, pan, tobacco and intoxicants have risen to be

an important contributor to rural inflation in 2019-20 with its contribution growing from 4% in 2018-

19 (till December) to 9% during the same period in 2019-20. Apart from these, housing product has

also been an important contributor to inflation in urban areas of Punjab.

Public Distribution System in Punjab

Punjab is amongst the leading states in the country to implement the National Food Security Act, 2013

w.e.f December 2013. The Atta Dal Scheme being run by the State government was brought under the

ambit of the above Act and was renamed as Smart Ration Card Scheme in 2017-18.

The State government procures wheat needed for the above scheme under the Decentralised

Procurement Scheme and the same is stored at 423 dedicated DCP godowns and is distributed through

17186 fair price shops under its bi-annual distribution model with the approval of the Government of

India to the beneficiaries in 30 kg sealed bags at the rate of Rs. 2 per kg twice a year. The priority

household category beneficiaries get 5kg wheat per month whereas the Anna Antodaya Yojana category

Figure 10: Drivers of inflation in rural and urban Punjab

Rural

Food and

beverages

Pan; tobacco;

and intoxicants

Fuel and light

Clothing and

footwear

Miscellaneous

Urban

Food and

beverages

Pan; tobacco;

and intoxicants

Clothing and

footwear

Fuel and light

Miscellaneous

Housing2018-19 (till

Dec)

2019-20 (till

Dec)



families get 35 kg wheat per month. The State government has to distribute 8.70 lac MT wheat annually

to 141.45 lac beneficiaries.

At present, subsidised wheat is being distributed to 36.21 lac beneficiary families (approximately

139.95 lac beneficiaries). The details of the beneficiaries are available on the transparency portal of the

Department of Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Affairs, Punjab (http://www.foodsuppb.gov.in).

99.27% ration cards have been seeded with Adhaar numbers. The subsidised ration is distributed in the

presence of government functionaries, Panchayat members/ councilors and members of the local

vigilance committees.

Three tier grievance redressal mechanism- Internal, External and through State Food Commission for

redressal of grievances of the beneficiaries has been established. Additional Deputy Commissioner level

officers have been designated as District Grievance Redressal Officers. The State government has also

constituted State Apex Committee and State Project E-Mission Team (SPeMT).

To ensure transparency and efficiency in the distribution of food grains under the NFSA, end to end

computerisation of TPDS, automation of FPS and Supply Chain Management is being undertaken. In

the year 2018-19, the wheat under the Smart Ration Card Scheme was distributed to the eligible

beneficiaries through e-PoS machine. The department has procured 1515 e-PoS machines for the same.

State government has taken a decision for re-verification of beneficiaries under the Smart Ration Card

Scheme, so that only eligible beneficiaries can avail benefits of the scheme.

Table 7: Details of the Distribution of essential commodities for the year 2014-15 to 2019-20 by FPSs

Commodity 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

Smart Ration Card Scheme

Wheat (MT)

573440

(June

2014-

March

2015)

648512 731484 848521.47 746517.85

427172.005

(up to 10th

February

2020)

Pulses (MT) 18754 9039 8650 - - -

Source: Department of Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Affairs, Government of Punjab

Population and employment

In this section, we discuss population trends in Punjab, that have an implication for the labour force and

employment. These include demographic change, sex ratio and migration trends. We then discuss the

employment trends being witnessed in Punjab.


Demographic dividend

Population growth rates have

slowed down in Punjab, on the

back of declining birth rates and

fertility. Slowing birth rates have

not only led to population growth

rates falling in Punjab over time, the

decline has been sharper for the

State than at the all India level. The

annual population growth rate in

Punjab over the period 2001 to 2011

was 1.4% in comparison to 1.8% at

the all India level (Figure 11).

Fertility rates have also declined

concomitantly. India and Punjab

both had fertility rates of 5.2 in

1971. As of 2017, the rate stands at

2.2 for India and 1.6 for Punjab,

falling below of the replacement

level fertility rate of 2.1%. At the

same time, death rates have also declined, though registering a marginal increase between 2011 and

2017.

These trends have contributed to a demographic shift in Punjab with a consistent increase in the

population in the working age group, i.e., between 15 and 64 years of age. This can also be seen from

Figure 12, where from 1991 to 2017, the bulge in the age-sex pyramids moves from the bracket of zero

to 14 years to 10 to 24 for males and 15 to 29 for females. It should be noted, that the demographic shift

for females is relatively faster, as compared to males in Punjab. Table 8 highlights that the working age

population (15 to 64 years) in Punjab has grown from 60.1% of the population to 71.8% of the

population in 2017. At the same time, the percentage of population in the older age group (i.e., above

65 years of age) is also increasing.

Table 8: Distribution of Punjab's population in various age groups

Age (years) 1991 2011 2017

Working Age 15 to 64 60.1% 67.7% 71.8%

Youth 15 to 29 28.3% 29.1% 30.4%

Stepping into working age

in next decade 5 to 14 23.3% 17.9% 14.8%

Old Age Over 65 5.0% 6.7% 7.1%

Source: Census of India, 1991 and 2011; Sample Registration Survey, 2017

22% 22%24%

21% 20%

14%

22%

25% 25% 24%22%

18%

1951-1961 1961-1971 1971-1981 1981-1991 1991-2001 2001-2011

Lower decadal population growth in Punjab

Punjab

Source: Handbook of State Statistics, RBI

Figure 11: Decadal population growth rates in Punjab and

India


Figure 12: Shift in age structure in Punjab (1991 to 2017)

This demographic shift raises two concerns. First, the presence of a large working age population

does not automatically translate into an economic advantage. Instead, skilling and employment

opportunities, matching the aspirations of the youth, need to be provided to ensure that the population

bulge transforms into a demographic dividend. Second, with higher population in older age groups,

Punjab would have to invest in health care and social security initiatives to cater to the needs of the

growing dependent population, apart from the initiatives the state undertakes for welfare of children

and disabled. Both these aspects are important, in the face of limited fiscal space. As discussed in

Chapter 7: Public Finance, Punjab has significant committed expenditure which requires careful carving

out of space for these initiatives.

Sex Ratio

An IMF staff study has found that women’s participation in the labour force has significant

economic gains for two reasons. Firstly, increased diversity at the workplace allows for wider

perspectives and innate differential skills to be brought on board, thus improving productivity.

Secondly, as an economy grows, employment opportunities increase in the service sector which is

inherently more conducive for inclusive employment. However, social or other barriers to women’s

entry into the labour force could slow the process of increased employment and output (Ostry et al,

n.d)3. One measure of such social barriers is the sex ratio, that reflects sex discrimination at birth.

3 https://www.imf.org/~/media/Files/Publications/SDN/2018/SDN1806.ashx

Source: Census of India, 1991 and 2011, Sample Registration Survey, 2017


Sex ratio in Punjab has improved significantly during the decade between 2005-07 to 2015-17.

Punjab had been previously plagued by low sex ratio. However, consistent efforts by the State

Government have resulted in raising the sex ratio. Punjab’s sex ratio rose from 837 in 2005-07 to 886

in 2015-17. In contrast, the national sex ratio declined from 901 in 2005-07 to 896 in 2015-17. In

comparison, with other 18 States, Punjab has been the top performer with an improvement of 49 women

per thousand men, as presented in Figure 13. The second top performer, Maharashtra, improved its sex

ratio by 10 women per thousand men. Majority of the remaining states have witnessed a decline in sex

ratio, over these 10 years. It needs to be noted, that despite the significant improvement in sex ratio,

Punjab continues to be below the national average.

Figure 13: Sex-ratio in Punjab relative to other states

The improving trend in sex ratio is observed

in both rural and urban areas, as presented

in Figure 14, with urban Punjab performing

better than rural Punjab. Higher literacy,

awareness and stricter medical regulations

in urban areas play a significant role in the

higher sex ratio observed in urban areas.

Since 2005-07, sex ratio in rural Punjab

grew consistently (except for a dip in 2008-

10) to reach 876 in 2014-16. In 2015-17,

rural Punjab witnessed a marginal dip in sex

ratio to 874. In contrast, urban Punjab

witnessed an improvement in sex ratio

between 2005-07 and 2013-15. Post that

year, the sex ratio in urban areas of Punjab

has declined.

800

840

880

920

960

Urban and rural Punjab have showed

improvemnet in sex ratio

Rural Urban

Figure 14: Sex ratio in rural and urban Punjab

Source: Sample Registration Survey, multiple years

Source: Detailed Tables, Sample Registration System Statistical Report 2017


Migration trends in Punjab

Migration is a key characteristic of Punjab’s economy with high in-migration from other States.

As per latest 2011 Census data, over 24 lac people (24,88,299) from states across the country migrated

to Punjab. This was 5.3% of total migrants within India. This makes Punjab the state with 8th largest

share of migrants from other states. Majority of these migrants were females, with a share of 55.2%.

Most of the in-migrants to the state settled in Ludhiana and SAS Nagar.

The leading reason for in-migration

to Punjab varies for the genders.

While males migrated to Punjab in

search of work/employment

opportunities, majority of the females

shifted for marital purposes, as

presented in Figure 15. This trend is

common across the country. Amongst

the states from which migrants have

shifted to Punjab, Uttar Pradesh is the

leading state with a share of 26.1%.

Majority of the migrants from UP and

Bihar come to Punjab in search of

employment opportunities. These

people work as casual labour in farms

or daily wage earners, and thus, are

subjected to poor working conditions.

The high influx of population from

other states in search of employment

opportunities puts pressure on the

labour market in the State and requires

interventions to ensure availability of

appropriate employment opportunities.

46.4%

50.4%

23.9%

27.7%

18.4%11.7%

Males Females

While males migrate for employment purposes,

females migrate for marital purposes

Work/employment

Business

Education

Marriage

Moved after birth

Moved with

household

Others

Source: Census of India 2011

Figure 15:Distribution of migrants based on purpose for

shifting


Box 6: The search for greener pastures

Another interesting trend observed in Punjab is the high diaspora amongst Punjabis (especially

the youth). A large share of Punjabis migrates outside the country in search of better employment

opportunities and standard of living. The various push and pull factors leading to the high diaspora are

discussed in Box 6. Canada, USA and UK have historically been the top destinations amongst migrants.

However, countries like Spain and Italy are now emerging as preferred destinations as well. High

diaspora opens doors to remittance income for Punjabis. RBI’s inward remittance survey 2016-17

highlights that 1.7% of the total inwards remittance was directed towards Punjab, ranking 10th out of all

states and UTs.

Various government initiatives to promote welfare and social security

Social Security Schemes

Department of Social Security and Women & Child Development plays a vital role in providing support

to the citizen from womb to old age. Under the Social Security Schemes of the department, financial

assistance to the elderly, widows and destitute women, dependent children and disabled persons are

provided for their subsistence. A sum of Rs.1656.67 crore has been spent for 23.94 lac beneficiaries

during the year 2019-20.

Old Age Pension Scheme

To support the old age persons an amount of Rs. 1200.00 crore was approved for the year 2019-20,

against which a sum of Rs. 912.85 crore has been spent to cover 16,06,958 beneficiaries.

Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension (IGNOAPS)

An amount of Rs. 54.00 crore was approved for the year 2019-20, against which Rs. 51.17 crore

expenditure has been incurred to cover 1,14,585 beneficiaries.

Celebration of International day for Older Persons

1st October of every year is being celebrated as the International Day of Older Persons for (IDOP)

around the world in Pursuance of a UN General Assembly resolution of December 1990 for elderly.

Diaspora amongst Punjabis, especially the youth is a well-known fact across the State. A variety

of push and pull factors are at play which have resulted in the youth, leaving their hometowns in

search of greener pastures abroad. Better standards of living in the developed economies like

Canada, USA, Australia and UK is the biggest pull factor attracting the high aspirational youths

in the State.

On the other hand, a rising number of push factors are also at play. Lack of employment

opportunities which suit the aspirations and qualifications of Punjabis is one of the leading

reasons. This is substantiated by the fact that of the total 269534 applicants to the Unemployment

Bureau in 2019 (as of 31st December), ~85% are educated (matriculate and above) and ~91%

were categorized as skilled. This indicates that a possible mismatch exists between the jobs

available and the aspirations/qualifications of the applicants, forcing a brain drain from the State.

As agricultural growth reaches a plateau, a large proportion of children of these farmers have been

migrating abroad in search of employment opportunities. Surveys highlight that more and more

farmers (especially small and marginal farmers) have been selling their lands to fund the migration

of their children abroad.

A combination of these pull and push factors have resulted in brain drain from the State and high

unemployment amongst the youth (as mentioned ahead).


This day provides an opportunity to acknowledge the contribution, wisdom and dignity of our senior

citizens and to re-dedicate ourselves to their well-being. Eminent old persons are felicitated on this

occasion. The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India, organized functions

at their level and it has also been suggested by Government of India that there is a need for the state

government to also celebrate this day in a befitting manner. Under the Scheme the amount of Rs. 20 lac

was approved for the year 2019-20 and the whole amount has been spent.

Facilities to Senior Citizens

Under this Scheme, identity cards are issued to senior citizens of 60 Years of Age & above to get the

following concessions:

Punjab Financial Assistance to Acid Victim Scheme, 2017

Effective since June 2017, the main objective of the Scheme is to provide financial assistance to females

who, due to acid attack, have been rendered disabled. The acid attack victim should be a resident of

Punjab State to be covered under the scheme. The application is to be submitted to District Social

Security Officer, supported with medical certificate duly issued by the Civil Surgeon of the concerned

district to the effect that the applicant, due to acid attack, has been rendered disabled as defined under

Section 2(i) of the Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities Protection of Rights of Full

Participation) Act. Each victim is paid Rs. 8,000 per month. An amount of Rs. 20 lac has been

earmarked for 2018-19.

Financial Assistance to Widow and Destitute Women

Under the “Financial Assistance to Widow and Destitute Women” scheme an amount of Rs. 279.53

crore was approved for the year 2019-20, against which a sum of Rs. 254.39 crore has been spent to

cover 4,42,783 beneficiaries.

Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme

An amount of Rs.7.50 crore was approved for the year 2019-20 against which an expenditure of Rs.

7.32 crore has been incurred to cover 17,693 beneficiaries.

Financial Assistance to Dependent Children

To support the dependent children an amount of Rs. 120 crore was approved for the year 2019-20,

which covered 1,51,768 beneficiaries.

Integrated Child Protection Scheme

Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India, New Delhi has launched a centrally

sponsored scheme. Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS) on 26th November 2010. This scheme

relates to bringing the existing 15 homes under the Juvenile Justice (Care & Protection of Children)

Act, 2000 and Child Protection Programmers under one umbrella. Under this, scheme, a budget

provision of Rs. 20.00 crore has been made for the financial year 2019-20.

Integrated Child Development Services Scheme (ICDS)

This scheme was launched in 1975 on experimental basis with a holistic approach to provide integrated

services for the overall development of children. Under this scheme, 27,314 Anganwadi Centers are

being run in 155 ICDS blocks (146 Rural and 9 Urban) of the State. For this scheme, a budget provision

of Rs. 593.28 crore was made for the financial year 2019-20.

• Three seats per bus will be reserved in Punjab roadways and PRTC buses.

• Separate queues for Senior Citizen in all the OPD's in Civil Hospitals.

• Separate queues for Senior Citizen for payment of Electricity/Water Bills.

• Any other Benefits extended to Senior Citizen by the Punjab Government from time to time.


Financial Assistance to Disabled Persons

Under this scheme an amount of Rs. 150.00 crore was approved for the year 2019-20 against which an

expenditure of Rs. 140.00 crore has been made covering 1,93,282 beneficiaries.

Indira Gandhi National Disabled Pension Scheme

An amount of Rs. 4.00 crore was approved for the year 2019-20 against which an expenditure of Rs.

2.57 crore has been incurred to cover 5,357 beneficiaries.

Rights of persons with Disability Act, 2016

The Act namely "Rights of persons with Disability Act, 2016" (P.W.D. Act) is being implemented by

the State government to provide required support to the deserving persons. State Coordination

Committee and State Executive Committee have been constituted under the Act. The Department of

Social Security as the nodal department identified 794 posts in various departments lying vacant for

disabled persons. Out of these 581 posts have been filled with the efforts of the Department.

Regional Spinal Injury Centre, Mohali (RSIC)

Under provision of Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, protection of Rights and full

participation) Act, 1995, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India has

established the main centre of Indian Spinal Injuries Center at Delhi. Under the same program, the

Regional Spinal Injuries Centre in Punjab has been established in Sector-70, SAS Nagar. The

construction of the ground floor and a quarter of the 1st floor has been completed. The centre provides

benefits to the patients of Punjab, Himachal, Haryana & Jammu & Kashmir, catering to patients with

disabilities, deaf, dumb, blind, physically handicapped and mentally retarded. The centre has been fully

operationalized with modern medical equipments. A budget of Rs 200 lac was provided in FY2019-20

for the welfare of disabled.

Travelling Facility to Blinds and Handicapped Persons

Under the “Travelling Facility to Blinds and Handicapped Persons” scheme, blind persons are provided

free travelling facility and handicapped persons are provided concessional travel facility in the Punjab

Roadways and P.R.T.C. Buses. Under this scheme a budget provision of Rs. 10.40 crore was made in

2018-19 and 2019-20.

Celebration of world disabled day and state awards to handicapped

International day of disabled persons is celebrated on 3rd December of every year. On this day, a sports

meeting is organized and NGO's/employees/self-employed and sports persons are conferred state award

on the basis of their performance. Under this scheme a budget provision of Rs. 10.00 lac has been made

for the financial year 2018-19 against which Rs. 9.20 lac has been utilized. A budget provision of Rs.

10.00 lac has been proposed for the year 2019-20.

Scheme for Rights of persons with disability Act, 2016 (SIPDA)

Barrier free environment enables people with

disabilities to move safely and freely and use the

facilities within the built environment. The goal of

barrier free design is to provide an environment that

supports the independent functioning of individuals

so that they can participate in everyday activities

without assistance. Therefore, up to the maximum

extent possible buildings/transportation systems for

public use are to be made barrier free. Under the

Punjab has experienced

increase in labour force

participation and worker

population ratio while at All

India level there is a decline

since 2015-16


scheme an amount of Rs. 9.50 lac was spent during 2018-19 and a budget provision of Rs. 114.21 crore

was made for the year 2019-20.

Employment and unemployment trends

As per the latest Period Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2017-18, labour force participation rate (LFPR)

for 15+ years in Punjab stood at 46.5% and worker population ratio (WPR) for 15+ years stood at

42.9%, as highlighted in Table 94. In comparison with 2015-165, the LFPR in Punjab has witnessed a

four-percentage point growth, while WPR grew by almost three percentage points. During the same

period LFPR and WPR at the national level declined by almost three- and four-percentage points

respectively. Efforts of the State government to provide skill trainings and employment opportunities

through various initiatives like setting up health sector skill development centres and institutes like

Maharaja Ranjit Singh Armed Forces Services Preparatory Institute have boosted the employment

scenario in the State.

However, unemployment rate (UR) at Punjab and national level continue to be high and rising.

As presented in Table 9, unemployment rate (measured for individuals who are 15 years or older) in

Punjab stood at 7.7% in 2017-18, higher than the national average of 6%. In comparison to 2015-16,

the State as well as India witnessed a rise in unemployment rates, although the rise in unemployment

rate for Punjab has been lower than the rise at national level.

Table 9: Employment and unemployment indicators for Punjab vis-a-vis India (%)- For ages 15 and

above

Punjab India

2015-16 2017-18 2015-16 2017-18

Labour Force Participation Rate 42.7 46.5 52.4 49.8

Worker Population Ratio 40.2 42.9 50.5 46.8

Unemployment Rate 5.8 7.7 3.7 6.0

Employment Trends: Rural-Urban

Employment trends have been relatively better in urban areas of Punjab than rural areas. As of

2017-18, unemployment rates in both rural and urban Punjab were similar at 7.6% and 7.7%

respectively. However, LFPR and WPR at urban centres of Punjab is relatively higher than rural centres

as presented in Table 10.

In comparison with 2015-16, both rural and urban Punjab have witnessed a rise in LFPR, WPR and

unemployment rates although the pace of rise differs. While LFPR and WPR increased by a significant

margin over the two years in urban areas, the rise has been relatively less in rural areas. In contrast,

while unemployment rates rose by almost two-percentage points in rural Punjab, the same was only 1.5

percentage points in urban areas. Together these indicators point towards a better and improving

employment scenario in urban Punjab in comparison to rural areas. It should be noted that this

improvement in urban Punjab has helped the State surpass LFPR and WPR in urban areas at national

4 Both indicators have been measured for individuals who are 15 years or older

5 Data for 2015-16 has been sources from Employment-Unemployment Survey (Labour Bureau, Chandigarh). These data

bases are not strictly comparable.

Source: PLFS, 2017-18 and EUS 2015-16


level in 2017-18. Further, unemployment rates in urban Punjab, despite the rise, are at par with national

averages.

Table 10: Employment and unemployment indicators for Punjab vis-a-vis India (%)- Rural and urban

areas- For ages 15 and above

Punjab Rural Urban

2015-16 2017-18 2015-16 2017-18

Labour Force Participation Rate 43 44.5 41.9 49.6



India Rural Urban

2015-16 2017-18 2015-16 2017-18




Employment Trends: Male-Female

Same as at the national level, gender disparity is observed in employment trends in Punjab as

well. Not only do females have lower LFPR and WPR, their unemployment rates are significantly

higher than that observed for males. Table 11 provides a snapshot of the employment trends for females

vis-à-vis males in Punjab, as per the PLFS 2017-18. LFPR for females stood at 15.5% in contrast to

74.9% for male, almost 5 times higher. A similar difference is observed in WPR and unemployment

rates for males and females.

However, the situation for women in Punjab has improved over the past two years, showing relatively

higher improvement than males, especially in WPR and unemployment rates. Between 2015-16 and

2017-18, WPR for females in Punjab increased by 4.3 percentage points, while the same for males stood

at 1.1 percentage points. Interestingly, over the same period the unemployment rates for males have

risen, while that for females has declined, as presented in Table 11.

Table 11: Employment and unemployment indicators for Punjab (%) - Males and females- For ages

15 and above

Male Female

2015-16 2017-18 2015-16 2017-18







Sectoral Distribution of workforce

As per estimates in PLFS 2017-18, the largest share of workers in Punjab are concentrated in agriculture

and allied sub-sectors, followed by manufacturing and trades and repair. Nearly 26% of workers in

Punjab are engaged in agriculture and allied activities. Further, as Punjab has grown to be a hub for

textiles, sports goods and light engineering goods, a significant proportion (19%) of workers are

engaged in manufacturing. Ancillary to these manufacturing activities, trade and repair services employ

the third largest share of workers in the State (15%).

While agriculture and allied sectors is the largest employer at national level, the proportion employed

at all-India level is significantly higher than Punjab. Over 44% of workforce is engaged in these sectors

at national level against only 26% in Punjab. Further, while manufacturing is again the second largest

employer, the proportion of workers engaged at national level are significantly lower than those in

Punjab. Construction is the third largest employer at the national level (Figure 16).

While agriculture and

allied sectors are the

largest employers for

both males and

females in Punjab,

distribution of the

remaining workers

varies across the

genders. Following

agriculture,

manufacturing and

trade repair are the

leading employer for

males in the State. In

contrast, the second

largest employer for

females in Punjab is

the education sector.

Almost a quarter

(22.6%) of female workers in Punjab are engaged in education. This makes Punjab the state with the

second highest proportion of female workers employed in education sector. Bihar with 25.7% of

female workers in education sector is the leader.

Informal Employment

Majority of workers in the non-agriculture sector in Punjab are engaged in the informal sector (Figure

17). Nearly 53% of non-agricultural employment is informal in Punjab – i.e., involving no written

contract, thus informal.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Agriculture,

forestry and

fishing

Manufacturing Construction Trade and

Repair

Transport,

Strorage and

Communication

Composition of workers in Punjab differs signficantly from

national trends

Punjab India

Figure 16: Composition of workforce across sub-sectors in Punjab vis-a-

vis India

Source: PLFS 2017-18


Figure 17: Percentage of informal non-agriculture employment (in %)

Youth Unemployment

Unemployment amongst the youth (15-29 years of age) is a growing concern in Punjab. As of

2017-18, youth unemployment rate stood at 21.6% (Figure 18). In comparison, the youth

unemployment rate at national level was 17.8%. Mismatch between the aspiration of the youth and

available job opportunities is believed to the reason behind the high youth unemployment observed in

the State. Figure 18 also highlights that the issue of youth unemployment is more prevalent in rural

areas and amongst females. With heavy mechanization of farming in Punjab, the rural youth may be

finding it difficult to find jobs.

A variety of steps have

been undertaken to bridge

the gap between skill sets of

the youth and job

opportunities in the State.

Skill and training centres

across a variety of domains

like health have been set up

across the state. Schemes

like ‘Apni Gaddi Apna

Rozgar Yojana’ are aimed at

providing youths with

entrepreneurial opportunities

in the transport sector. The

government has tied up with

cab aggregators like Ola and

Uber to provide job opportunities to the youth. Apart from this, Mega Placement Drive/Mega job fairs

are being organized under the ‘Ghar Ghar Rozgar’ schemes which aims at providing employment to

unemployed youth.

Various government initiatives to promote employment and skill

development

The State Government is undertaking various initiatives to enhance the employability of youth by

imparting job specific vocational skills. During 2019 (January to October), the department concerned

registered a total of 63019 applications, of which 7324 applicants were provided employment under


23%20% 19%

37%

21.6%

17%

21%18% 18% 17.8%

Rural Urban Male Female Total

Punjab India

Figure 18: Status of youth unemployment in Punjab vis-a-vis India

(2017-18)


63.2% 61.7%55.5% 54.1% 53.1% 51.1% 50.5% 49.7% 47.1%

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Pu

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Tel

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a

An

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Pra

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Har

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Compulsory Notification of Vacancy Act 1959. During the first 6 months of 2019-20 (1 April 2019 to

31 October 2019), the department organized 536 Placement Camps (through which 18218 applicants

received employment) and 121 Mega Job Fair (through which 117380 applicants received

employment).

Setting up District Bureau of Employment and Enterprises (DBEE)

Punjab Government, being sensitive to the hardships that unemployed individual faces, has established

District Bureau of Employment and Enterprises (DBEE) in November 2018. DBEE is a one stop

platform for employment services, for the employment seeker and employer, in every district

headquarter of the State. The plethora of services provided by DBEE are:

Assistance for youth looking for overseas employment

Under the DBEE, facilitation services (such as information about overseas opportunities, clearances

required, skill required, counseling and other support) are available for providing necessary support to

the youth desiring overseas placement. Till date, recruiting agents have been empaneled in the following

districts: Bathinda, Roopnagar, Jalandhar, Kapurthala, Ludhiana, Moga, Pathankot, Patiala & S.A.S.

Nagar.

Mass Counselling sessions

From 1 May 2019 and 20 May 2019, mass counselling was imparted to 2,19,431 youths in the State to

provide educational and vocational guidance and create awareness.

Mai Bhago Armed Forces Preparatory Institute

Mai Bhago Armed Forces Preparatory Institute for girls has been set up by the State Government at

SAS Nagar. This Institute is the only institute of its kind in the entire country which trains young girls

from Punjab for joining the armed forces as commissioned officers. During the period 1 April 2019 to

31 December 2019, the following number of youths were trained/under training:

III Course: 25

IV Course: 21

V Course: 25

III SSTC: 05

IV SSTC: 05

During this period 4 females were selected/placed as Commissioned Officers (2 in Army and 2 in Air

Force). From the III Course, 22 lady cadets have cleared AFCAT/CDSE written exam while 22 lady

cadets are scheduled to face Sashastra Seema Bal exam during November 2019 and February 2020.

Maharaja Ranjit Singh Armed Forces Services Preparatory Institute

The Maharaja Ranjit Singh Armed Forces Services Preparatory Institute has been established to provide

focused and goal-oriented training to cadets and to equip them with the required intellectual, physical

• Arranging regular interface between the job seekers and employers in the form of Rozgar Melas

for placement;

• Guidance and career counseling;

• Facilitating skill training to increase employability of youth;

• Facilitating self-employment, enterprise and entrepreneurship development;

• Assistance in obtaining bank loans for start-ups of micro and small enterprises;

• Supporting youth looking for overseas placements.


skills and character-building qualities for joining the National Defence Academy and becoming

commissioned officers in the Armed Forces.

Between 1 April 2019 and 30 October 2019, 48 youths were trained. During this period, 17 youths were

placed with NDA, 16 were placed as Commissioned Officers to Indian Army and 4 as Commissioned

Officers to Indian Air Force.

Centre for Training and Employment of Punjab Youth (C-PYTE)

The Centre for Training and Employment of Punjab Youth (C-PYTE), established on 19 August 1990,

is a unique Organisation which is engaged in inculcating self-discipline, spirit of national integration,

secularism, dignity of labour and work culture, besides imparting technical skills for generating self-

employment opportunities, rather than seeking employment alone. The major beneficiaries of the

scheme are the rural unemployed youth who are given pre recruitment training for joining the Armed

Forces, Central Para Military Forces and Police.

The Organisation has established 14 C-PYTE training camps, including 4 permanent camps and 10

temporary camps. The scheme endeavors to eradicate unemployment amongst the youth of Punjab

particularly amongst the youth of border areas and youth belonging to SC/ST and backward classes.

A 12-week capsule was organized during the year, as part of the pre-recruitment training for the Army.

The results for the year 2019-20 (up to 30 October 2019) are presented in Table 12

Table 12: Results of C-PYTE during 2019-20 (upto October 2019)

Year Trained Employed Details of Courses conducted during

the year

2019-20 Army/PMF Army/PMF JCB Bee Keeping

4936 46 64 30

Ghar-Ghar Rozgar

The State Government has taken a major initiative to start a new scheme “Ghar-Ghar Rozgar” to provide

employment to unemployed youth through Mega Placement Drive/ Mega job fair. The first official job

fair in Punjab was organized from 21 August 2017 and 3 September 2017, where 9,533 candidates were

provided appointment letters at State level function. Additionally, 13,177 candidates were given

employment in the private sector between March 2017 and September 2017. The second state level

mega job fair was organized from 20 February 2018 to 8 March 2018 for the placement of engineering,

ITI, polytechnic and single trade institute students. A total of 7378 candidates were given appointment

letters at State level functions. The third Mega job fair in Punjab was organized from 12 November

2018 to 22 November 2018. During the fair, appointment letters were given to 6,863 selected candidates

and 6,230 candidates were shortlisted. Apart from this, 6,231 candidates were given employment in

private sector between April 2018 and November 2018.

Ghar Ghar Rozgar Portal (www.ghargharrozgar.punjab.gov.in) was launched in February 2018 by

Government of Punjab, where both job seekers and job providers can register themselves on this

interactive platform. Employers can search for potential candidates as per their qualification and

eligibility criteria.

Apni Gaddi Apna Rozgar Yojna

“Apni Gaddi Apna Rozgar” Yojna is a new scheme implemented by State Government to provide self-

employment/entrepreneurial avenues to youth of Punjab in transport sector. The scheme would cater

to the needs of youth desirous of working in transport sector. Under the scheme, taxis are provided at

http://www.ghargharrozgar.punjab.gov.in/


subsidized rates and no collateral are required for the loan for purchasing the taxi. The Department of

Employment Generation and Training have formulated this scheme in the collaboration of private sector

through Deputy Commissioners/ District Bureaus of Employment and Enterprises (DBEEs).

Department of Employment Generation and Training (DEGT), Punjab signed a Memorandum of

Understanding with suitable private players for the success of this Scheme. DEGT and the private

companies work in coordination with Transport Department, Police Department, Punjab Skill

Development Mission and other line departments.

The Punjab government has tied up with two largest taxi operator companies in India, Ola and Uber.

During 2018 and 2019, the employment opportunities generated under the scheme is as follows:

Table 13: Employmnet Generated under the scheme

Period Ola Uber

April 2018 to March 2019 11135 7746

April 2019 to September 2019 27105 8527

Total: 54513

Punjab Skill Development Mission

Various schemes are being implemented under the Punjab Skill Development Mission which aim at

developing the skill sets of individuals, especially youth, ensuring them better employment

opportunities. The details of achievements of the three schemes during 2019-20 (up to 30th November

2019) is given in below:

Table 14: Achievements of Punjab Skill Development Mission

S. No. Name of Scheme Total Number of candidates

Trained Under training Certified Appointed

1 Deen Dayal Upadhayaya

Gramin Kasualya Yojna 1439 907 1190 740

2 National Urban Livelihood

Mission 9300 4212 4367 841

3 Pradhan Mantri Kaushalya

Vikas Yojana 16431 8069 11580 4790

To implement the above said schemes, training partners were impaneled with the help of National Skill

Development Corporation. The targets of the Mission in the coming year is highlighted below:

Table 15: Targets of Punjab Skill Development Mission in coming year

S. No. Name of Scheme Total Number of candidates to be

Trained Placed

1 Deen Dayal Upadhayaya

Gramin Kasualya Yojna 13865 10400

2 National Urban

Livelihood Mission 12500 12500


S. No. Name of Scheme Total Number of candidates to be

Trained Placed

3 Punjab Heritage and

Tourism Promotion Board 4000 2800

Other initiatives in skill development

Multi Skill Development Centres: 5 Multi Skill Development Centres were constructed with a cost of

Rs. 60 crores at Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Amritsar, Bathinda and Hoshiarpur to impart the best quality skill

trainings of international level by the Government.

Health Sector Skill Centres: 3 Health Sector Skill Centres have also been established in Punjab, in the

premises of Government Medical Colleges at Amritsar, Patiala and Faridkot to impart the best quality

skill trainings relating to health sector are going on in these Centres

Rural Skill Centres: 198 Rural Skill Centres have been established/constructed in the premises of

Government Senior Secondary/High Schools located in rural areas of Punjab through Punjab Urban

Development Authority. Presently 78 Rural Skill Centres have been allotted/handed over to different

training partners to impart skill trainings under the various schemes.

Chapter 2 Agriculture, Allied Activities and Rural

Development

Introduction

Agriculture sector plays a crucial role in ensuring food security and nutrition, while also eradicating

poverty, uplifting the rural economy and providing employment to a large section of the society. In

Punjab, the agriculture sector is the backbone of the economy. Between 2011-12 and 2018-19, on

average, the agriculture and allied sector, contributed almost 30% of the GSVA. Further, it employed

Punjab is considered to be the bread basket of India. While Punjab’s share in total geographical

area of India is 1.53%, its share in the central pool of rice and wheat was 25.53% and 35.45 %

respectively in 2018-19.

The agriculture and allied sector of Punjab is highly mechanized, contributing 28.1% of the total

GSVA (2019-20) and providing employment to 26% of its workforce (2017-18). Agricultural yield

in Punjab was the highest across India for rice and wheat in 2017-18. According to a NABARD

survey in 2016-17, among the states of India, agricultural households in Punjab had the highest

monthly average income. This has been enabled by various factors including:

1) Availability of well-developed irrigation facilities such that 99% of the gross cropped area

is irrigated

2) Availability of free power that has incentivized acquisition of private investment in

irrigation

3) High farm mechanization

4) Accelerated availability of inputs like fertilizers, pesticides, seeds since the time of the

Green Revolution.

5) Adequate marketing infrastructure including storage facilities, well-developed network of

regulated markets and procurement facilities

The sector showed marginal decline in growth in 2019-20 relative to 2018-19, largely on account

of a contraction in the crop husbandry sector. This sector has been subject to a lot of volatility in

recent years and has presented the case for greater diversification. There could be two avenues

for this:

1) Crop diversification: this is needed in the backdrop of over-dependence on rice and

wheat and the seemingly plateauing yield of these crops, even though Punjab still

records the highest yields in the country. Additionally, paddy cultivation is water

intensive, and combined with the availability of free power, has caused over-exploitation

of Punjab’s ground water resources. Continuing the cultivation of rice would need the

use of submersible pumps which are expensive, and unlikely to be suitable for marginal

and small landholding farmers. Horticulture, as well as pulses and oilseeds could act as

avenues for diversification.

2) Move to ‘allied sectors’: Specifically, the livestock sector has been a source of promise,

largely on the back of robust growth in recent years. This sector is also less vulnerable to

the vagaries of climate.


more than one-fourth of the state’s work force according to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS)

of 2017-18.

In the past, Punjab has played an important role in driving

India out of the clutches of a potential food crisis and helped

the country become self-sufficient in food grain production.

Even today, Punjab is the ‘bread-basket’ of the country, due

to its significant contribution to the national production of

wheat. In 2017-18, Punjab had less than 12% share of the total

area under cultivation of wheat, at the national level, but

produced nearly 18% of the country’s total wheat production.

In the same year, the State also contributed almost 12% of the total rice produce of the country, while

only housing 7% of the total area under rice cultivation in the country. It contributes more than a quarter

of the total central pool procurement of rice and wheat in the country.

The high yield and productivity have led to high incomes for agricultural households in the State.

NABARD All India Rural Financial Inclusion Survey highlights that among all the states in the country,

agricultural households in Punjab have the highest average monthly income, with Haryana coming a

distant second.

Performance

In 2019-20, agriculture and allied sectors are expected to

contribute 28.1% of Punjab’s GSVA. This reflects a

marginal decline in the share of the sector from 30.1% in 2011-

12, following the natural transition process of any economy.

Indirectly however, agriculture also drives growth in other

sectors – by providing inputs (for instance in the case of the

food processing and textile manufacturing sector) and

ensuring consumption demand for both industry and services.

Agriculture and allied sector of Punjab grew at 2.3% in 2018-19 and is expected to register a

similar growth rate in 2019-20. Though less than the growth registered in 2017-18, this was still higher

than the average growth rate of 2.2% registered on average between 2012-13 and 2017-18. The growth

moderation after 2017-18 is largely on account of a slowdown in the crop husbandry sector.

The crop husbandry sub-sector has the largest share in the State’s GSVA, contributing more than

15% of Punjab’s GSVA and over half of the agricultural GSVA. This large share implies that

movements in growth rates of cropping sector are closely mirrored in the movements in growth rate of

the agricultural and allied sector (Figure 19). Growth in the sector, however, has been witnessing

contraction. Estimates for 2019-20 highlight that cropping GSVA of Punjab is expected to contract by

0.2%, against 0.3% in 2018-19. The high dependence of the sector on environmental inputs also makes

it susceptible to fluctuations in its growth rates.

Highest yield across

states in Punjab in

rice and wheat.

Punjab, bread basket of

India, contributed more

than 25% to central pool

in 2018-19 in rice and

35% in 2018-19 in

wheat

39 Chapter 2: Agriculture, Allied Activities and Rural Development

Figure 19: Real growth rate of agriculture and allied activities in Punjab

Growth in the allied activities, on the other hand, has been relatively stable. These sectors are

relatively less dependent on environmental factors and thus experience stable growth. Livestock rearing

is the most important sector here and has shown strong growth – of 5.4% between 2012-13 and 2018-

19 on average. The sector is expected to grow at 6.9% in 2019-20.

Interestingly, the share of allied activities has also been increasing in the agriculture and allied

activities’ GSVA. This is largely on account of the livestock sector. Growing from a share of 26.03%

in agriculture and allied activities in 2011-12, the livestock sector is expected to contribute a share of

36.93% of GSVA of Punjab’s agriculture and allied sectors in 2019-20 (Figure 20). This highlights the

increasing relevance of activities allied to the agriculture sector for farm income augmentation and

employment generation.

64.07%55.04%

26.03%36.93%

9.16% 7.01%

0.75% 1.02%

2011-2012 2019-2020

Livestock rearing has been witnessing a rising share in State’s GSVA

Crops Livestock Forestry and Logging Fishing



Figure 20: Share of subsectors of agriculture

-8%

-6%

-4%

-2%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020

Crops drive the growth in Agriculture and Allied Activities

Crops Livestock

Forestry and Logging Fishing

Agriculture and Allied Activities


Employment

According to the Periodic Labor Force Survey (PLFS) 2017-18, the agriculture sector of Punjab

provides employment to 26% of workers, aged 15 and above, as per Usual Principal and Subsidiary

Status (UPSS), against 44.14% at the national level. It is evident that unlike national trends, that

agriculture in Punjab employs a proportionate share of labour to its share in GSVA. This can be also be

seen from the fact that Punjab has a tractor for every 8.71 ha of cultivable land in comparison to national

average of one tractor per 62 ha (Gulati, Roy, & Hussain, 2017)6.

In rural areas, the sector is the primary source of livelihood, employing 40.68% of the total rural

workers. Similar proportions of male and female rural workforce, 40.70% and 40.57% respectively –

are employed in the sector.

Agriculture based industries

The high agricultural productivity of the State has also opened greater avenues for establishment of

agro-processing units in Punjab. The State accounts for about 7.31% of the total registered factories in

Food Processing Industry (FPI) sector in the country. This forms the fourth highest share, surpassed

only by Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Telangana (MoFPI, 2019)7. As per the Annual Survey of

Industries, 2016-17, agro-processing units (food, beverages, wood and wood products, leather and

related products etc.) account for as much as 44% of the total gross value added of the manufacturing

sector and engage about 46% of the total workers employed by registered factories (MoSPI)8. Chapter

3 discusses this relation between agriculture and industry sector in greater detail.

Agricultural sub-

sectors

Crop-husbandry

Land Use Pattern

An overwhelming majority of land,

since 1960s has been devoted to crop

cultivation (Figure 21). 41.2 lac hectares,

or 82% of the total reported area was

under cultivation in 2017-18. Fallow land,

Cultivable land other than fallow land has

also come down from 6% and 5% of

reporting area in 1960-61 to 2% and 1%

in 2017-18, respectively. Land not

available for cultivation has decreased

slightly between 1960-61 and 2017-18.

Hence, there is limited scope for any

expansion in the area under cultivation.

6 Gulati, A., Roy, R., & Hussain, S. (2017). Getting Punjab Agriculture Back on High Growth Path: Sources, Drivers and

Policy Lessons. ICRIER.

7 Ministry of Food Processing Industries, (2019). Annual Report 2018-19. Government of India

8MoSPI. (n.d.). Annual Survey of Industries 2016-17. Industrial Statistics Wing, Data Processing Division, Ministry of

Statistics and Programme Implementation.; NIC 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 taken into consideration.

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation

1%

13%5% 6%

75%

5%11%

1% 2%

82%

Forest Not

available for

cultivation

Cultivable

land other

than fallow

land

Fallow Land Net Area

Sown

Majority of land devoted to crop cultivation

1960-61 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2017-18

Figure 21: Land use pattern - share of total reported

area, in Punjab


Cropping Intensity

Cropping intensity seems to have plateaued in Punjab in recent years, after reaching a peak of

190% in 2010-11 to 2014-15 (Figure 22). Cropping intensity is the ratio of gross cropped area to net

sown area and indicates, on average, the number of times the cultivated area was sown during the year.

A higher cropping intensity indicates that the cropping area is being sown more than once during a year.

The average cropping intensity improved from 180% during 1990-91 to 1994-95, to 190% during 2010-

11 to 2014-15. The State has successfully maintained this high level of cropping intensity since then.

In contrast, cropping intensity at the national level has grown from 130.01% in 1990-91 to 141.55% in

2014-15. It is evident that multiple cycles of sowing on the same land is highly prevalent in Punjab vis-

à-vis the national level trends.

Cropping Pattern

An overwhelming part of the cultivated area is used for food-grain cultivation, especially rice and

wheat. In 2018-19, approximately 93% of the total cultivated land was used for cultivation of food

grains which include cereals and pulses. Cotton was cultivated on 5.1% of the total cultivated land and

sugarcane and fruits were each grown on approximately 1% of the total cultivated area respectively.

Due to the assured income from the production of wheat and rice, their share in the total cropped area

has increased over the years. On the other hand, the share of pulses, maize, oilseeds and the other crops

has declined in Punjab (Table 16).

Table 16: Crop wise percentage share of cropped area

Crops 1960-61 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2018-19

Paddy 4.8% 6.9% 17.5% 26.9% 31.3% 39.6%

Maize 6.9% 9.8% 5.6% 2.5% 2.1% 1.4%

Bajra 2.69% 3.7% 1% 0.2% 0.1% 0%

Wheat 27.3% 40.5% 41.6% 43.6% 43.1% 44.9%

Barley 1.4% 1% 0.9% 0.5% 0.3% 0.1%

Pulses 19.1% 7.3% 5% 1.9% 0.7% 0.4%

Oilseeds 3.9% 5.2% 3.7% 1.5% 1.1% 0.5%

Source: State-wise Pattern of Land Use - Cropping Intensity, Handbook of Statistics on Indian States, RBI

180.48

185.94 186.76188.56

190.1 189.65

1990-91 to 1994-

95

1995-96 to 1999-

00

2000-01 to 2004-

05

2005-06 to 2009-

10

2010-11 to 2014-

15

2015-16 to 2016-

17

Figure 22: Average cropping intensity in Punjab (five-year averages) (in %)


Crops 1960-61 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2018-19

Sugarcane 2.8% 2.3% 1% 1.3% 1.8% 1.2%

Cotton 9.4% 7% 9.6% 9.3% 7.6% 5.1%

Vegetables 1.2% 0.9% 1.1% 0.7% 1.3% 3.3%

Fruits 0.6% 0.6% 0.4% 0.8% 0.5% 1.1%

Other crops 17.7% 14.8% 12.6% 10.8% 10.1% 2.4%

Source: Directorate of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, Punjab

Foodgrains and oilseeds

A significant portion of the total cropped area is held by food grain production in Punjab and within the

food grain production, the cropped area is majorly occupied by the wheat and paddy crops. This is

because of assured economic return in the form of Minimum Support Price provided to the farmers, on

these two crops. Therefore, out of the total area of 78.3 lac hectares used for crop production, 40% was

used for paddy cultivation and 45% was used for wheat cultivation in 2018-19. The high portion of

total cropped area allocated to the wheat and rice production along with the high yields achieved by

Punjab have led to very high production. However, the current wheat and rice cropping system of

Punjab is increasingly becoming economically and ecologically unviable given the deterioration of soil

health, depletion of water table and squeezing of farm incomes as cost of cultivation increases.

Table 17: Area and Production of Principal Crops in Punjab

Area (000 Ha) Production (000 MT)

Crops 2017-18 2018-19 Change (%) 2017-18 2018-19 Change (%)

Food Grains 6732.3 6769.8 0.56% 31693 31535 -0.50%

Cereals 6701.4 6739.9 0.57% 31666 31507 -0.50%

Rice 3064 3103 1.27% 13377 12822 -4.15%

Wheat 3512 3520 0.23% 17830 18262 2.42%

Maize 115 109 -5.22% 427 396 -7.26%

Pulses 30.9 29.8 -3.56% 27 28 3.70%

Gram 1.9 1.9 0.00% 2 3 50.00%

Other Pulses 29 27 -6.90% 25 25 0.00%

Oilseeds 40.6 39.7 -2.22% 60.8 59.6 -1.97%

Groundnut 1 1 0.00% 2.5 2.6 4.00%

Other Oilseeds 39.6 38.7 -2.27% 58.3 57 -2.23%

Sugarcane 97 95 -2.06% 8078 7774 -3.76%

Cotton 291 268 -7.90% 1283 1223 -4.68%


Area (000 Ha) Production (000 MT)

Crops 2017-18 2018-19 Change (%) 2017-18 2018-19 Change (%)

Total 7825 7830 0.06% 41114.8 40591.6 -1.27%


The agricultural yields of cereals, pulses and oilseeds in Punjab are higher in comparison to all

India (Figure 23). In fact, Punjab has the highest food grain yield in the country. Punjab has managed

to significantly increase its crop yields after the introduction of the green revolution (Table 18). This is

the result of introduction of high yield varieties of seeds, intensive use of fertilizers and pesticides along

with the application of highly mechanized farm implements and expansion of irrigation. Lately

however, yields are stagnating in wheat and rice. This is another reason for crop diversification to be

the way forward (see Chapter 1). Oilseeds and pulses could offer one avenue for diversification (Box

7).

Table 18: Crop-wise yields in Punjab (in Kgs/ hectare)

Crops 1960-

61

1970-

71

1980-

81

1990-

91

2000-

01 2010-11

2018-

19

Rice 1009 1765 2733 3229 3506 3828 4132

Wheat 1244 2237 2730 3715 4563 4693 5188

Maize 1135 1555 1602 1784 2793 3707 3625

Sugarcane 33956 40442 49739 55369 60844 70059 81828

Cotton 269 371 309 463 430 641 776


Source: Pocketbook of Agricultural Statistics, 2018

2661

8411270

4733

905

1467

Cereals Pulses Oilseeds

The agricultural yields of cereals, pulses and oilseeds in Punjab are higher in

comparison to the all India

India Punjab

Figure 23: Crop-wise yields in Punjab and India, 2017-18 (in Kgs/ hectare)


Horticulture

The share of area dedicated to vegetable production has increased over the years and remained

more or less the same for fruits (Table 19). Punjab is home to diverse agro-climatic zones that are

favourable to production of various fruits such as Kinnow, Sweet Orange, Guava, Pear, Litchi, Mango

and Peach. It is well recognised that there is a need to diversify the cropping pattern in agriculture away

from the current cereal-centric focus to high value and commercial horticultural crops, as income

derived from horticulture per hectare of land is generally higher than in cereals and pulses.

Recognizing the importance of the sector, the Horticulture Department of Punjab has identified a 100-

acre land at Attari for the establishment of Post Graduate Institute of Horticulture Research and

Education in Amritsar. The institute will be established by Indian Council for Agriculture Research

(ICAR) in collaboration with the Punjab government. Further, Five Citrus Estates have been established

in Bhunga (Hoshiarpur), Badal (Sri Muktsar Sahib), Abohar, and Tahliwala Jattan (Fazilka). The estates

will cover approximately 38,011 hectares of area and 8,035 farmers have been registered for the same.

Top three fruits with the highest production recorded in 2018-19 were Kinnow, Guava and Mangoes.

The highest yield was seen in Bananas (57,940 Kgs/ha), Grapes (28,584 Kgs/ha) and Kinnow (23,507

Kgs/ha). However, the production of lemon recorded the highest growth of 12% followed by 9% growth

in the production of Plum and 8% growth in the production of Amla and Ber.

Table 19: Area, Production and Yield of Horticulture crops

Crop Area (Hectare) Production (MT) Yield (Kgs/Ha)

2017-18 2018-19 Change

(%) 2017-18 2018-19

Change

(%) 2017-18 2018-19

Change

(%)

Fruits 83660 86774 4% 1784589 1856845 4% 21332 21399 0.31%

Kinnow 51649 53359 3% 1208423 1254328 4% 23397 23507 0.47%

Sweet

Orange 3003 3080 3% 25087 25761 3% 8354 8364 0.12%

Lemon 985 1102 12% 7623 8541 12% 7739 7751 0.16%

Litchi 2708 2899 7% 43958 47130 7% 16233 16257 0.15%

Guava 8692 9172 6% 195597 206777 6% 22506 22544 0.17%

Pear 3165 3332 5% 72779 76668 5% 22995 23010 0.07%

Peach 1897 1954 3% 33852 34893 3% 17845 17857 0.07%

Plum 289 315 9% 5114 5590 9% 17697 17747 0.28%

Grapes 287 289 1% 8229 8261 0% 28674 28584 -0.31%

Ber 1516 1636 8% 25436 27503 8% 16779 16811 0.19%

Amla 560 605 8% 7698 8286 8% 13746 13697 -0.36%

Banana 91 93 2% 5273 5388 2% 57943 57940 -0.01%

Mangoes 6896 7007 2% 116515 118455 2% 16896 16905 0.05%

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation , Punjab


The percentage share of cropped area of oilseeds and pulses has declined considerably (Table 16).

The share of pulses in cropped area declined from 19.1% in 1960-61 to 0.4% in 2018-19. Similarly,

the share of oilseeds declined from 3.9% to 0.5% during the same period. This decline is mainly

due to the preference of Punjab’s farmers to cultivate wheat and paddy for assured income in the

form of MSP offered on their production. Due to the shrinking area under cultivation, the

production of oilseeds and pulses has also declined. The pulses production in Punjab declined from

7,09,000 tonnes in 1960-61 to 27,700 tonnes in 2018-19 and the production of oilseeds declined

from 1,21,000 tonnes to 59,600 tonnes.

This is significant in the backdrop of the Union government’s imports of oilseeds and pulses.

According to the provisional estimates of 2017-18 published by the Directorate General of

Commercial Intelligence & Statistics, the Indian imports of pulses were valued at Rs. 28, 523.18

crores and those of oilseeds were valued at Rs. 393.75 crores. Given the higher than national

average yields of pulses and oilseeds in Punjab (Figure 23), the central government could take steps

to tap Punjab’s potential in catering to the increasing domestic demand of oilseeds and pulses in

India by offering better incentives in the form of higher MSP and effective procurement of these

crops.

The highest pulses producing states in India were Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Maharashtra.

The highest oilseeds producing states were Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Gujarat. If oilseeds

and pulses production in Punjab grew at the rate at which the production of the top three producing

states grew, on average between 1990-91 and 2016-17, the oilseeds and pulse production both

would more than double by 2022-23 (Figure 24).

Assuming that Punjab’s pulses and oil seeds production grew at the average rate of the highest

producing states (14% for pulses and 12% for oilseeds) and India’s imports continue to grow at the

average growth over the period 2009-2018, Punjab could help in saving Rs. 621.33 crores of import

value for pulses and Rs. 5,221.60 crores for oilseeds by 2027. This implies a total foreign exchange

saving of $818 million.

Figure 24: Projections based on Punjab's pulses and oilseeds production growth and growth of

highest producing states (in thousand tonnes)

Box 7: Potential of Oilseeds and Pulses cultivation in Punjab

Source: Calculations based on State-wise production of pulses and oilseeds, Handbook of Statistics on Indian States

2019, Reserve Bank of India

6573

8292

103116

130146

164

184

58 58 58 59 59 59 59 59 60 60

201

8

201

9

202

0

202

1

202

2

202

3

202

4

202

5

202

6

202

7

Oilseeds

Growth @ rate of growth of top 3 states

Growth @ rate of growth of Punjab's average growth

33 33 34 34 34 34 34 34 35 35

38 4349

5664

7384

96

110

125

201

8

201

9

202

0

202

1

202

2

202

3

202

4

202

5

202

6

202

7

Pulses


Livestock

Livestock rearing is a promising sub-sector under agriculture and allied activities. The sector is the

second largest contributor to agricultural GVA with an expected share of over 36.93% in 2019-20. It

witnessed a growth of 7.5% in 2018-19 vis-à-vis the seen contraction in crop husbandry. Over the period

of 2012-13 to 2018-19, the livestock sector recorded an average growth of 5.40%, as compared to 0.8%

in the crop husbandry sector. The low dependence of the sub-sector on natural factors like rainfall, soil

type and climatic conditions make it a more sustainable source of income generation. Further, these

activities are less susceptible to natural disasters than activities like cropping. This sub-sector is also a

significant alternative source of income and full/part-time employment for rural households of Punjab.

According to the NSSO report on Income, Expenditure, Productive Assets and Indebtedness of

Agricultural Households in India (2012-13), Punjab reported the second highest average monthly

income of Rs. 5,303 from farming of animals, surpassed only by Haryana (Rs. 6,089). Out of the total

average monthly receipt from farming of animals, 91.6% was contributed by milk production.

Punjab has 1.3% share of India’s total livestock as per the Livestock Census 2019. Buffaloes form

the largest share of livestock population with a share of over 57.4%, followed by cross-bred cattle and

indigenous cattle (Figure 25). The share of crossbred cattle increased to 29.43 in 2019, in comparison

to 25.4% in 2012. This indicates the rising share of higher productivity animals. The increasing share

of higher productivity animals is also reflected in the fact that Punjab has the highest per capita milk

availability per day in the country in 2018-19 (NDDB, nd)9. Punjab accounts for 2.1% of the total

poultry in India.

Figure 25: Share of animals in total livestock of Punjab

9 National Dairy Development Board. (nd). Per capita availability of Milk by States. Available at

https://www.nddb.coop/information/stats/percapitavail

Source: Livestock Census, various years

17.8%25.4% 29.3%

5.9%4.5%

6.1%

69.6%63.6% 57.4%

6.7% 6.5% 7.2%

2003 2012 2019

Buffaloes form the largest share of livestock population in Punjab

Cross Bred Cattle Indigenous Cattle Buffalo Others



Table 20: Milk, meat and Eggs production and growth in output in Punjab

Output Growth

Year Milk

(000 Tonnes)

Meat

(000 Tonnes)

Eggs

(Lac) Milk (%) Meat (%) Eggs (%)

2012-13 9724 212 37911

2013-14 10011 235 43376 3.0% 10.8% 14.4%

2014-15 10351 237 42642 3.4% 0.9% -1.7%

2015-16 10774 250 44218 4.1% 5.5% 3.7%

2016-17 11282 249 47826 4.7% -0.4% 8.2%

2017-18 11855 276 52250 5.1% 10.8% 9.3%

2018-19 12599 231 55909 6.3 % -16.3% 7.0%

Source: Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics, 2019

In 2018-19, milk production in Punjab increased by 6.3% in comparison to the growth of 5.1% in 2017-

18. During 2018-19, Egg production increased by 7% in comparison to 9.3% in the previous year.

However, meat production registered a negative growth of 16.3% in 2018-19 in comparison to the

positive growth of 10.8% in the previous year. Over the period ranging from 2013-14 to 2018-19, the

milk, meat and egg production in Punjab registered an average growth of 4.4%, 1.9% and 6.8%

respectively.

The value of output of milk (at current prices) grew at an average of 11.6% over the period ranging

from 2012-13 and 2016-17. While the value of output from meat and meat products registered an

average growth of 12.3%, the value of output of eggs and poultry sector registered a 12.4% average

growth rate. This highlights the increasing volume and value of livestock products of Punjab. The value

of milk production recorded a stable growth rate while the value of meat and egg production recorded

fluctuations.

The Punjab government has been trying to develop Punjab as the ‘Dairy State of India’ particularly by

increasing cattle production in the State. According to the Department of Animal Husbandry, Punjab,

39,54,384 artificial inseminations were performed by the State in 2018-19. Punjab also has an extensive

veterinary infrastructure for animal health care. The government managed network includes 1,367

veterinary hospitals, 1,489 permanent outlying dispensaries and insemination units, 22 polyclinics,

1,423 veterinary officers and 2,010 veterinary inspectors. The livestock units per veterinary institution

in 2018-19 was 5,619 in Punjab. To cater to the requirements of veterinary doctors, a new veterinary

college has been established at Rampuraphul in Bathinda. Further, the Punjab Veterinary Vaccine

Institute at Ludhiana is being upgraded to GMP norms. Further, to strengthen the infrastructure of

veterinary institutions in Punjab, the State government is implementing Animal Husbandry Extension

and Training Programme for disease control, awareness in management of animals and birds and

organisation of animal welfare programs. New projects under the Gokul mission have also been initiated

for conservation of indigenous breeds.

The Department of Animal Husbandry of Punjab has a centre of excellence on cattle development at

Rauni, Patiala and a buffalo breeding farm in Mattewara, Ludhiana. These farms act as bull mother

farms for providing Elite bulls to two ISO Certified Semen banks located at Nabha and Ropar.


The department also has 3 goat breeding farms situated at Kullemajra (Patiala), Kotkapura (Faridkot),

Mattewara (Ludhiana) where farmers are provided goatry training and kids for breed improvement.

Two sheep breeding farms are also catering to the needs of sheep farmers by providing them sheep

breeders for breed improvement.

The Veterinary Vaccine Institute, Ludhiana provides biological products for control of contagious

diseases among livestock and poultry. During 2018-19, the institute produced 162.98 lakh doses of

bacterial/ viral vaccine and 21,120 ml antigens.

The State also encourages the livestock farmers to rear elite milch animals by organising block level

milking competitions on the second tuesday and wednesday of every month.

The Government of India also established the Northern Regional Disease Diagnostic Laboratory

(NRDDL) at the State Animal Health Institute in 2000-01, which serves as a referral laboratory in the

field of disease diagnosis, monitoring and surveillance for Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Himachal

Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Delhi and Chandigarh.

One potential concern is that among the major states, estimated average monthly expenditure on

farming of animals was the highest for Punjab at Rs. 3,561, according to the NSSO report on Income,

Expenditure, Productive Assets and Indebtedness of Agricultural Households in India (2012-13). 82.9%

of the average monthly expenditure on farming of animals is spent on animal feed in Punjab while at

the all India level 77% of the average monthly expenditure on farming of animals is spent on animal

feed. The relatively higher expenditure on animal feed in Punjab may be because of the lower share of

pastures and grazing land in the geographical area of Punjab as there is higher preference for crop

production in the State. As of 2017-18, only 0.08% of the total geographical area of Punjab was used

as permanent pastures or other grazing land10.

Fisheries

Due to its landlocked geography, fisheries do not form an important sub-sector in Punjab. This can be

seen from Figure 26, which shows the state-wise production of fish for 2017-18. As expected, Punjab

is outperformed by several coastal states like Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Gujarat etc. Hence the

small contribution of the fisheries sector to overall agriculture and allied activities GSVA (1.02% in

2019-20) is not a surprise. It grew at the rate of 2.52% in the year 2019-20, vis-à-vis an average annual

growth of 4.77% between 2012-13 and 2017-18.

However, considering fish production versus available resources, Punjab does well. While

Punjab’s fish production per hectare of inland water resources was 6.7 tonnes per hectare, the average

fish production per hectare of inland water resources of landlocked states11 was 2.1 tonnes per hectare.

Punjab was only outperformed by Haryana which produced 9.5 tonnes fish per hectare of its water

resources.

10 Statistical Abstract of Punjab

11 Landlocked states include Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu &

Kashmir, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Telangana,

Tripura, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand


The government of Punjab has been introducing a variety of measures to increase fish production in the

state. Special efforts are being made to bring saline affected water-logged areas of south western

districts of Shri Muktsar Sahib, Ferozpur, Mansa, Fazilka, Bathinda and Faridkot under fish culture.

During the year 2019-20, an area of 38,655.12 acres was brought under fish culture. About 2,494.99 lac

fish seeds were produced in the State, out of which 1,187.50 lac fish seeds were produced at government

fish seed farms and 1,307.49 lac in private fish seed hatcheries. Further, 6,254 fish farming aspirants

were provided training and an amount of Rs. 393.97 lac provided to the fish farmers as a bank loan, in

an effort to promote self-employment in the sector.

Other initiatives

Promotion of shrimp farming

To enhance the income of fish farmers, 410 acres of saline affected land has been brought under shrimp

culture in the State during the year 2019-20. Last year, shrimp farming was done in 248 acres of land

yielding a produce of about 520 tons of shrimp worth Rs. 14-15 crores. To promote the activity in the

State, one demonstration farm-cum-training center has been established at Enakhera in the district of

Shri Muktsar Sahib with financial assistance of Rs. 4.79 crores

Establishment of fish feed mills

Fish production and productivity will increase if good quality balanced feed is made available. For this

purpose, six feed mills have been set up at various government fish seed farms located at Amritsar,

Roopnagar, Faridkot, Fatehgarh Sahib, Bathinda and Patiala under Centrally sponsored schemes on

Blue Revolution. The establishment of five more feed mills is under progress at Hoshiarpur, Shaheed

Bhagat Singh, Ludhiana, Sangrur and Ferozepur under the RKVY scheme.

Innovations in fish production technology

Considering the limited resources of land and water, an innovative high- density fish production

technology of Bio-Floc fish culture will be introduced for the first time in the State. In this technique,

microbes added within the tank/pond convert fish excreta into fish feed. The technique has dual benefits

of (a) maintenance of water quality and (b) decrease of feed costs. This technology will not only help

in achieving high fish production from limited area, but will also help in increasing the farmer’s profits

The department has also introduced another profitable fish production technology called Re-circulatory

Aquaculture System (RAS) during the year 2019-20. This is an innovative fish production technology

Source: Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, 2018

0

10

20

30

40

An

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ra P

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h

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Gu

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t

Tam

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ar P

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Bih

ar

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Punjab's fish production remains lower in comparison to other states due to its

landlocked geography

Figure 26: Fish production in 2017-18 (provisional), in tonnes


in which high density fish production can be achieved by rearing fish in indoor tanks within controlled

environment and reused water. This technique will also help in increasing farmer’s profit. The

establishment of two units is under progress in the State.

Factors influencing agricultural performance

Rainfall

Punjab has adequate irrigation facilities and limited dependence on rainfall for its irrigation needs.

However, rainfall can play a significant role in terms of variation in agricultural output due to the

damage to crops caused by floods. Further, with an increase in the demand for water, reduction in the

canal capacity and depletion of the groundwater resource, the rainfall of the state may be relevant to

sustain existing production levels. During 2017, the state received 493.0 mm of rainfall. The rainfall in

various districts varied from 93.7 mm in Firozpur to 1273.3 in Gurdaspur. Figure 27 highlights the

average actual rainfall and departure from the normal (as defined by the rainfall records of 1951 to

2000) by districts of Punjab for the year 2017.

Figure 27: District-wise average annual rainfall and departure from normal-2017 (%)

Punjab is vulnerable to several types of natural hazards. A substantial part of the geographical area of

the State is flood prone but most of it is protected through flood control measures. Occasionally, Punjab

experiences hailstorms, which cause damage to standing crops (Gulati, Roy, & Hussain, 2017). There

has been minimal damage to crops due to normal rainfall in the year 2017-18. The value of crops

damaged amounted to Rs. 2,46,000 and the damaged area forms a mere 0.02% of the total cropped area.

However, in 2019, 1.51 lac hectares of the total agricultural area was affected by floods and hydro-

metrological hazards during South-West Monsoon-2019 (DAC&FW, 2019)12.

12 DAC&FW. (2019). Farm sector news. Agricultural Situation in India, VOL. LXXVI No 9, Dec 2019. Ministry of

Agriculture & Farmers Welfare. Available at https://eands.dacnet.nic.in/PDF/December2019.pdf.

Source: Statistical Abstract of Punjab, 2018-19; Indian Meteorological Department

-100%

-80%

-60%

-40%

-20%

0%

20%

40%

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

The rainfall in various districts varied from 93.7 mm in Firozpur to 1273.3 in

Gurdaspur

Rainfall (mm) Departure of annual rainfall (RH-axis)

https://eands.dacnet.nic.in/PDF/December2019.pdf


Inputs

Fertilizers

There are concerns that Punjab is plagued by issues of fertilizer over-use, though a correction

seems to be underway. Being at the vanguard of the Green Revolution, the initial years saw Punjab

rapidly increase its fertilizer use from 37.5 kg per ha in 1970-71 to 162.6 kg per ha in 1990-91 to 243

kg per ha in 2010-11. From this peak, it came down to 228 kg per ha in 2018-19. In 1990-91, per ha use

of fertilizer in Punjab was more than twice the average used in India.

In 2010-11, this ratio stood at 1.67, as the all India average use of fertiliser per ha also increased.

Between 2011-12 and 2013-14, it again started rising as average use at the all India level dropped,

forming the U-shaped curve seen in Figure 29. In 2017-18, the latest year for which data is available

for both the state and the country, the ratio was 1.77.

A related concern is the imbalanced use of fertilisers. The ideal ratio for use of Nitrogen,

Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK) is 4:2:1. However, a regime of urea subsidy to bolster the green

revolution led to a situation of overuse of nitrogen fertiliser. At the all India level, the ratio of use was

6.1:2.4:1 in 2017-18. In comparison, in Punjab, in the same year, the usage was in the ratio of 28.8:6.9:1.

However, this is a significant improvement over 1990-91, when the ratio stood at 58.5:21.9:1. The ratio

has further improved in 2018-19 (Figure 28).

1.5

1.7

1.9

2.1

2.3

2.5

199

0-9

1

199

5-9

6

200

0-0

1

200

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6

200

6-0

7

200

7-0

8

200

8-0

9

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9-1

0

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201

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2

201

2-1

3

201

3-1

4

201

4-1

5

201

5-1

6

201

6-1

7

201

7-1

8Ratio of fertilizer use in Punjab to

India (kg/ha)

Figure 29: Fertiliser use patterns in Punjab

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab and Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, 2018

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11 2018-19

E

Punjab Fertiliser use in kg/ha

25.0 18.1

58.543.8

19.2 26.6

4.4 7.121.9

12.3 6.0 6.2

1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11 2018-19 E

Punjab witnessed an improvement in the balanced use of fertlisers since 1990-91

Nitrogen to potassium Phosphorus to potassium

Figure 28: Nitrogen to Potassium use and Phosphorus to Potassium use in Punjab

Source: Directorate of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Punjab


Punjab has sparse forest cover. According to land use statistics, the state has roughly 5% of its area

under forests (Figure 21). However, this refers to all land legally demarcated as forests, irrespective

of whether the piece of land actually has forest cover. In contrast, the Forest Survey of India draws on

satellite imagery to provide data on actual forest cover. This shows that Punjab is the state with the

second-lowest forest cover of 3.67% (Figure 30). Despite an improvement since 2015, this is much

lower than the actual all India average of 21.7%, which in turn is substantially lower than the national

target of 33%. Moreover, only a negligible share of the forest cover is under very dense forests (canopy

density of 70% or more). More than half of the forest cover (56%) amounts to open forests, implying

a canopy density between 10 and 40% (Forest Survey of India, 2019).

Figure 30: Forest cover as percentage of total area, bottom 10 states

Source: Forest Survey of India, 2019

Continued deforestation, on account of forests being diverted for industrial projects is also of concern.

Since 1980, Punjab has diverted 801 sq. km of land to non-forest uses. This amounted to 26% of the

forest area in the state in 2019 (e-Green watch, 2020). The last big diversion was in 2009, when 676

sq. km of forest land was diverted. This has dwindled in recent years (Figure 31).

Figure 31: Diversion of land from forest purposes (in ha) in Punjab between 2010 and 2019

Source: e-Green watch, 2020

3.67%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

Har

yan

a

Pun

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Raj

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Gu

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508.3

249.0

502.9

902.2

433.5

217.7144.1

270.3

3.4 1.80

200

400

600

800

1000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

In H

ecta

res

Box 8: Deforestation and the scope for agro-forestry in Punjab


Source: Directorate of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, Punjab

Any continued diversion points to the importance of compensatory afforestation. The Forest

Conservation Act (FCA) 1980 stipulates that any project that requires forest diversion must require

afforestation to compensate for the loss of forest land. While the State government undertakes the

afforestation work, the user agency taking control of the land, pays for this work.

However, given the already low forest cover, steps need to be taken to expand forests over and above

the existing resources. One solution could be to encourage agro-forestry. The Food and Agriculture

Organisation (FAO) identifies agroforestry as a part of climate smart agricultural strategies, due to the

ability of these systems to prevent soil erosion, improve water infiltration, and diversify sources of

farm income (FAO, 2013). Moreover, by practising boundary plantation, even small farmers in the

State would be able to diversify, without need for sacrificing land.

The FAO has suggested certain strategies for encouraging agroforestry (Buttoud, 2013). In the context

of India and Punjab, some of the relevant strategies are as below:

• Increase awareness through localised research and extension. Essentially, extension workers

must provide contextual knowledge, and demonstrate both technical and economic viability

of pursuing agroforestry. This should also address the needs of small farmers. For instance,

forestry can have long gestation periods. Hence, for maintaining income flows in the short

term it may require adjusting the cropping practices accordingly.

• Create agricultural policies that consider the role of trees in rural development. For instance,

the National Agroforestry Policy, 2014 had made a case for convergence between different

programmes such as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGA),

Integrated Watershed Management Programme, National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM)

etc.

• Promote inter-departmental coordination for better policy coherence. In India, and Punjab,

forest departments, land revenue departments, local bodies as well as the Department of

Agriculture may need to coordinate to identify regulatory hindrances to growth of the sector.

• Strengthen market linkages for tree products: currently timber falls within the purview of the

contract farming law in Punjab. Marketing infrastructure similar to other agricultural

commodities would help build the commercial case for agroforestry. Encouraging Farmer

Producer Organisations for collectivisation in marketing may also be helpful.

Sources:

Forest Survey of India. (2019). India State of Forest Report 2019. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.

Available at http://fsi.nic.in/isfr-volume-i.

e-Green Watch (2020). Integrated e-Governance Portal for Automation, Streamlining & Effective Management of

Processes related to Plantation & Other Forestry Works. Available at

http://egreenwatch.nic.in/FCAProjects/Public/Rpt_State_Wise_Count_FCA_projects.aspx?id=28

FAO (2013). Climate Smart Agriculture Sourcebook. Available at http://www.fao.org/3/i3325e/i3325e.pdf

Buttoud G., (2013). Advancing Agroforestry on the Policy Agenda A guide for decision-makers. Food and Agriculture

Organisation of the United Nations. Available at http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3182e.pdf

Department of Agriculture & Cooperation. (2014). National Agroforestry Policy. Ministry of Agriculture. Available at

http://agricoop.gov.in/sites/default/files/National_agroforestry_policy_2014.pdf.

http://fsi.nic.in/isfr-volume-i


http://www.fao.org/3/i3325e/i3325e.pdf

http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3182e.pdf

http://agricoop.gov.in/sites/default/files/National_agroforestry_policy_2014.pdf


Pesticides

Pesticide use has similarly moderated (Figure 32). Usage of pesticides peaked in 2000-01 reaching 6970

metric tonnes. Since 2011-12, it has hovered around an average of 5717 metric tonnes. This was affected

by high usage in 2016-17 (5843 MT), possibly in response to the pest attack in the previous year. In

2018-19, pesticide use declined by 0.7% over the previous year.

Power

Punjab provides free and unmetered electricity to its farmers. Hence, it is not surprising, that a

large part of total energy generated, goes towards agricultural purposes. In 2016-17, electricity

consumed by the agricultural sector in Punjab increased by 6% over the previous year to reach 12196

GWh. This was 28% of total electricity sold in the state, higher than the corresponding 21% registered

at the all India level. Even this reflects a decrease in the same ratio over the years. In 2011-12, a little

more than 30% of total electricity sold was used for agricultural purposes, though in absolute terms, the

electricity consumed by the agriculture sector was lower.


5690

5725 57205699

5721

5843

5690

5650

2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

Pesticide use witnessed a spike in 2016-17 in response to the whitefly pest

attack

Figure 32: Pesticide use in Punjab, in metric tonnes

30%28% 28%

21% 20% 21%

2011-12 2015-16 2016-17

A large portion of electricity generated is used for agriculture in Punjab

Punjab All India

Source: Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, various years

Figure 33: Percentage share of total electricity sold going for agricultural purposes


Easy access to power may have incentivized farmers to over-exploit ground water resources. To

address this important issue, the Punjab government has launched the Paani Bachao Paise Kamao

scheme. It is a pilot Direct Benefit Transfer scheme being implemented in six agriculture feeder areas.

The participant farmer gets a fixed allocation of electricity consumption. If the farmer consumes less

than the fixed allocation, he/she receives a benefit of Rs. 4 per KWh of electricity not consumed.

Moreover, electricity under the programme is available during daytime hours, unlike regular electricity

received by farmers which is rostered, and hence unpredictable in supply. It causes farmers to leave

their pump sets on auto-starters, that switch the pump set on or off based on electricity supply. Hence,

if electricity is available at night when the farmer is not overseeing the irrigation, it may cause wastage,

if more water than required, is extracted. By ensuring daytime supply of electricity, the scheme aims to

control wastage of water on this front (Gill, 2019) 13.

Credit

According to the Situation of Agricultural Households in India (NSSO, 2012-13), 53.2% of agricultural

households in Punjab have a loan, slightly higher than the all India estimate of 51.9%. However, loans

disbursed show a dip in 2016-17 and 2017-18. Another feature is that the majority of the loans are ‘crop

loans’, i.e., working capital loans to finance one season of cultivation. In contrast, term loans were 27%

of the total loan disbursed in 2017-18, raising concerns about the capacity of farmers to undertake long

term investment on their farms.

Irrigation

Punjab is a well irrigated state with almost all cropped area irrigated. In comparison, at the all India

level, less than half the cropped area was under irrigation (Department of Agriculture, Cooperation &

Farmers Welfare, 2019)14. An interesting aspect is the source of irrigation. While at the all India level,

sources of irrigation are diversified, in Punjab, most of the area under irrigation is under tube wells

(Figure 35). This has implications for the availability of groundwater in the state, as well as soil fertility.

Due to an increase in the demand for water, the area irrigated by tube wells has been increasing

(Figure 36). The number of tube wells in the State has increased from 10.73 lac in 2000-01 to 14.76

lac in 2018-19, on account of tube wells operated on electricity increasing from 7.88 lac to 13.36 lac

13 Gill, B. (2019). Saving Punjab's groundwater, one agricultural pump at a time. Available at

https://www.teriin.org/article/saving-punjabs-groundwater-one-agricultural-pump-time

14 Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare (2019). Pocket Book of Agricultural Statistics, 2018.

0

50000

100000

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Majority of the loans disbursed in Punjab are 'crop loans'

Crop Loan Term Loan

Figure 34: Agricultural loans disbursed during the year

Source: Agriculture Statistics at a Glance, various years



during the same time period. While the reduction in diesel operated tube wells is better for the

environment, excessive extraction groundwater may not be compatible with sustainable agriculture.

Figure 36: Number of tube wells (in lac)

This has caused the depletion of the underground water table. Groundwater extraction is more than

100% in Punjab implying that ground water consumption exceeds annual extractable sources. A state-

wise assessment of the groundwater resources in the country showed that 80% of 138 blocks assessed

were ‘Over-exploited’, 2 blocks were ‘Critical’, 5 were ‘Semi-Critical’, and 22 were ‘Safe’. The report

further highlighted that 95% of the water extracted was for irrigation purposes (Ministry of Jal Shakti,

2019)15.

Further, because of the declining water table, the farmers are compelled to deepen their tube wells at

their own cost, as the ordinary tube wells become obsolete due to their inability to draw underground

water. Therefore, farmers are increasingly shifting over to submersible pumps. The submersible pumps

are expected to raise the cost of cultivation and iniquitous use of groundwater. With increasing costs of

15 Ministry of Jal Shakti (2019). Report on the Dynamic Ground water resources of India, 2017. Available at

http://cgwb.gov.in/GW-Assessment/GWRA-2017-National-Compilation.pdf


Source: Irrigation Statistical Yearbook of India

Canals

29%

Tube wells

71%

Canals

24%

Tanks

2%

Tube wells

46%

Wells

17%

Other

11%

Figure 35: Sources of irrigation, India and Punjab, 2014-15

Punjab India

1

4

7

10

13

1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11 2018-19

The reduction in diesel operated tubewells is better for the environment

Diesel Operated

Electrictity Operated



irrigation, the marginal farmers are expected to be left vulnerable to the impacts of a declining water

table.

One solution is to promote the micro-irrigation system, comprising sprinkler and drip irrigation

that enable precision farming by making water available in a targeted manner. Besides being

water-saving, it aids soil health management. According to the Report on Input Management for

Resource Use Efficiency by the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare, GOVERNMENT OF

INDIA, Punjab has a low penetration of Micro Irrigation systems. Approximately, 48,281 hectares of

Punjab’s area is covered under micro-irrigation, as of March 2018. This is less than 0.5% of the total

area under micro-irrigation in the country.

The Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana was initiated to improve on-farm water use efficiency by

enhancing adoption of precision irrigation and other water saving technologies. The scheme includes

four components viz. i) “Har Khet ko Pani” which involves repair, restoration and renovation of water

bodies, ii) “Per Drop More Crop” which includes introduction of water saving technologies, iii)

“Watershed” that includes effective management of runoff water and improved soil and moisture

conservation and iv) “MGNREGA” which includes repair and renovation of village ponds and

construction of rainwater harvesting facilities. According to the State Irrigation Plan of Punjab, the

expected decrease in water withdrawal/increase in groundwater recharge in all districts of Punjab under

different components is 14974.37 MCM (Million Cubic Meter) per year. The maximum decrease in

water withdrawal/increase in groundwater recharge of 11949.052 MCM is expected under component

It requires 4,500 litres of water to grow one kg of sathi rice when it is sown in April-May. But if

sowing is done around mid-June, water requirement reduces to 1,500-2,000 litres. Water requirement

is high in April-May because the evaporation rate is high and there is no rain. As a result, all the water

used in irrigation is groundwater. In June-July, rainfall supports water needs of the crop.

Using this logic, the preservation of the Sub Soil Management Ordinance was issued in April 2008.

It prohibited farmers from sowing paddy seeds in nurseries before May 10 and transplanting the

saplings before June 10. 2008 saw good rainfall and farmers did not face water stress. The ordinance

had an impact. Almost no transplantations were seen by May 10, saplings were transplanted on only

22 per cent of the paddy fields by June 10. In 2007, transplantation had taken place in 42 per cent of

paddy fields by this time. The positive outcome elicited the enactment of the Punjab Preservation of

Subsoil Water Act was in 2009.

The law allows no farmer to sow nursery of paddy before 10th Day of May of the agricultural year or

such other date as may be notified by the State Government by notification in the Official Gazette for

any local area. The authorised officer or his subordinate shall have the power to enter into the estate

of any farmer for the purpose of surveying the area to assess the violation of the provisions of this Act

and in case the farmer does not act as per the directions of the authorised officer, the officer may cause

such nursery to be destroyed at the expenses of such farmer. Further, any farmer that contravenes the

provisions of the said act, would be liable to a penalty of Rs. 10,000 for every month or part thereof,

per hectare of the land till such contravention continues. The law had a significant impact in slowing

the dip in the water table in Punjab. (Gulati, Roy, & Hussain, 2017) mention that while the average

annual rate of decline of ground water was 0.9% from 2000-01 to 2008-09, the decline was only 0.7%

from 2008-09 to 2012-13. Thus, the average annual decline in ground water was reduced by 0.2%

after the enactment of the law.

Source: Gulati, A., Roy, R., & Hussain, S. (2017). Getting Punjab Agriculture Back on High Growth Path: Sources,

Drivers and Policy Lessons. ICRIER.

Box 9: Preservation of the Sub-soil Management Act


of 'Per Drop More Crop' followed by 'Har Khet Ko Pani' (2324.814 MCM), 'Watershed' (527.774 MCM)

and 'MGNREGA' (172.728 MCM) 16.

Farm Mechanisation

Mechanization of major farm operations in Punjab has substantially improved the productivity of crops

and the efficiency of farmers by obtaining more output with lesser involvement of labour, increasing

cropping intensity and saving their time and costs. The time and labour so saved can be used by the

farmer to venture into agriculture allied activities of dairy farming, poultry farming, beekeeping, fishing

etc.

There were 4.50 lac tractors being used for cultivation and 14.75 lac tube wells used for irrigation in

the State. Table 21 highlights the increasing mechanization in the State of Punjab with the number of

tractors, disc-harrows, self-propelled combines and tube wells increase.

Table 21: Agricultural Machinery and Implements in Punjab (in ‘000’)

2000-01 2018-19

Tractors 395 450.2

Disc-Harrow 255 262.5

Seed cum Fertilizer Drills 180 141.5

Combine Harvester (Self-Propelled) 2.9 7.98

Combine Harvester (Tractor driven) 5.1 4.2

Threshers 285 88

Tube wells 1062 1475.7


Promotion of agricultural mechanisation for management of crop residue

Paddy straw management is a major challenge for the state because of the air pollution caused by the

burning of paddy straw. In order to promote innovation in paddy straw management, an amount of Rs.

5 crores has been allocated. Due to the efforts of the State government, the burning of paddy has reduced

by 62% in 2017 and by 40% in 2018. During 2018-19, the state government received Rs. 269.38 crores

out of which Rs. 262.84 crores were spent. During 2019-20, an amount equivalent to Rs. 240 crores

was spent out of an allocation of Rs. 273.80 crores. Further, during 2018-19 under the Central

government scheme of "Promotion of agricultural mechanisation for management of crop residue",

around 11,900 agricultural equipment were distributed to individual farmers and 16,450 were given to

the primary agriculture and co-operative societies and farmer group to provide it to the farmers on a

hiring basis.

16 State Irrigation Plan, PMKSY 2017


Institutions and infrastructure

Storage

Punjab has the second largest storage capacity in India. As of March 2018, the storage capacity with

Food Corporation of India (FCI), State Warehouse Corporation (SWC) and Central Warehouse

Corporation (CWC) in Punjab was 201.43 lac metric tonnes. This formed almost a quarter of the

country’s storage capacity. Only Madhya Pradesh surpassed Punjab with a storage capacity of 210.73

lac metric tonnes (Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers’ Welfare, 2019)17. The cold

storage capacity in the state as of March 2018 was 22 lac metric tonnes with a total of 672 cold storage

projects. This was 6% of the country’s cold storage capacity.

Market Access

Punjab has connected its farmers to adequate marketing infrastructure. As of 2015, there were

424 regulated agricultural markets in Punjab, out of which, 150 were principal markets and 274 were

submarket yards (Committee on Doubling Farmers’ Income, 2017)18. This amounts to a catchment area of

116 sq. km for every market, higher than the 80 sq. km recommended by the National Commission of

Farmers, 2004. However, the Dalwai Committee (Committee on Doubling Farmers’ Income, 2017) argues

that the recommendation was made at a time when road connectivity was not as robust. In its own

analysis, the Committee found that Punjab was among the few states that did not at present have a

requirement for any additional regulated markets. In fact, in terms of density markets, only Delhi

surpassed Punjab with a catchment area of 93 sq. km per market.

Additionally, Punjab has 1390 rural primary markets and 488 farmers’ markets called Apni Mandis

where farmers directly sale to retail consumers. The State has also passed separate legislation on

Contract Farming to enable the same in the State.

17 Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers’ Welfare (2019). Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2018.

18 Committee on Doubling Farmers’ Income (2017). Report of the Committee on Doubling Farmers’ Income, Vol IV, “Post-

production interventions: Agricultural Marketing”. Available at

http://farmer.gov.in/imagedefault/DFI/DFI%20Volume%204.pdf

Source: Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, 2018

050

100150200250

Mad

hya…

Pun

jab

Har

yan

a

Utt

ar…

Tam

il N

adu

Mah

aras

htr

a

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An

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ra…

Bih

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Ch

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Jam

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&…

in L

akh M

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c T

onnes

Punjab has the second largest storage capacity in India

Figure 37: State wise storage capacity in India



In 2018, the Ministry of Agriculture released the Model Agricultural Produce and Livestock Contract

Farming (Promotion & Facilitation) Act, 2018, encouraging all states to adopt the same. Punjab

already has a separate, Punjab Contract Farming Act, 2013. The Act aimed to provide for improved

marketing of agricultural produce through contract farming and put in place effective infrastructure

for the execution of contract farming in Punjab.

The features of the two can be compared as follows:

Implementing agency: The Model law stipulates the formation of a state level Contract Farming

(Promotion and Facilitation) Board to implement the law – including levying fees, resolving disputes

and publicising contract farming. Importantly, contract farming is to remain outside the ambit of the

Agriculture Produce and Marketing Committees (APMC) which have their own fees attached. The

law in Punjab also mandates the setting up of a separate implementing agency (Punjab Contract

Farming Commission) but states that the sale, purchase, storage or processing would be subject to

the Punjab Agricultural Produce Markets Act, 1961. This meant, that at the time of passing, contract

farming still invited the APMC fees and cesses. However, with the passing of the Punjab

Agricultural Produce Markets (Second Amendment) Act, 2017, which allowed direct purchase by

buyers, contract farming is now effectively outside the purview of APMCs.

Recording of agreements: Under the Model law, every agreement is to be registered with a

‘Registering and Agreement Recording Committee’, to be set up from officials from agriculture,

animal husbandry, marketing and other such departments. The contract law in Punjab also provides

for local ‘Registering Authority’, pertaining to the area of cultivation. Agreement related disputes

would be resolved by the District Collector.

Payment to farmers: The model law stipulates that in case the buyer provided the farmer with

production support, they will be compelled to a buy a fixed percentage of the produce at the price

agreed for fair average quality. The rest will also have to be bought, though it is allowed to be lower

than the pre-agreed price, subject to a floor. In case the buyer is not responsible for any production

support, he/ she will still need to buy the extent of the produce meet fair average quality standards,

subject to a floor. The Punjab law allows the Commission to use its discretion in holding the buyer

responsible, and the extent of responsibility. The Model law and Punjab’s law are similar in terms

of mandating that the buyer make the payment on the spot or as per the agreement, failing with

he/she would have to pay interest on the arrears.

Role of Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs)/ Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs): The

Model law enables FPOs/FPCs to be contracting parties, if authorized by the farmers. Such

collectivization may help balance powers between the buyer and the farmers. The Punjab law is

silent on this.

Insurance: Under the model act, the produce under contract farming shall be covered under

production linked agricultural insurance scheme in operation or any other such scheme, as may be

prescribed. However, there is no such provision in the Punjab Contract Farming Act, 2013.

Hence, while the Punjab law largely adheres to the spirit of the Model law, it may gain from

mandating crop insurance, allowing FPOs and FPCs to be contract signees, and reducing the

discretion of the implementing agency.

Box 10: The Punjab Contract Farming Act, 2013


There is some inter-district variation in the adequacy of markets, however. For instance, Sangrur has

15 markets, each serving 37 villages per regulated market. On the other hand, in Hoshiarpur, 277

villages are served per regulated market, with 5 regulated markets available. On average, 81 villages in

Punjab are served by one regulated principal market.

The electronic National Agricultural Market (e-NAM) is further likely to improve access to markets

(Box 11). Punjab is also the only state to have a separate law on contract farming (see Box 10 for a

comparison between the law in Punjab and the model law released by the Union government in 2018).

Procurement

Punjab has a well-functioning procurement systems. The percentage of the produced paddy crop

procured was 90% in the year 2017-18 while, that of the wheat crop was 66.4% in Punjab. While Punjab

produced 12% and 18% of the total rice and wheat production of India, the respective share of

contributions of the rice and wheat crops from Punjab to the Central Pool was approximately 31% and

38% in 2017-18. As per the advanced estimates released by the Department of Food and Public

Distribution, as on 31st December 2019, in 2018-19, 35.5% of the country’s wheat procurement and

25.5% of the country’s rice procurement was from Punjab.


Figure 38: District-wise number of regulated markets and average number of villages served per

market in Punjab, 2017-18

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

There is some inter-district variation in the adequacy of markets

Number of regulated markets Avg. no. of villages served per regulated market (RH-Axis)


Box 11: Electronic National Agricultural Market in Punjab

Table 22: Production and Procurement of Principal crops of Punjab (in 000 tonnes)

Year

Paddy Wheat

Production Procurement

% of

production

procured

Production Procurement

% of

production

procured

1980-81 4850 4432 91.4% 7677 4270 55.6%

1990-91 9710 7882 81.2% 12159 7109 58.5%

2000-01 13735 11057 80.5% 15551 9698 62.4%

2010-11 16148 13136 81.3% 16472 10278 62.4%

2017-18 19965 17972 90.0% 17830 11834 66.4%

2018-19 (P) 19136 17027 89.0% 18262 17281 94.6%


The electronic National Agricultural Market (eNAM) is a national agricultural products market

platform to create a network of physical mandis which can be accessed online by buyers, farmers

and commission agents. It involves the registration of the produce with the platform by the seller/

farmer which calls forth a price quote from the buyer interested to purchase it. Once the trade

match takes place, and the produce is quality checked, an online payment is made to the seller,

and the produce delivered to the buyer. The market also provides access to a larger national market

for commission agents to make secondary trades.

e NAM has several advantages including –

• Transparency: As the prices are visible online, it is impossible for commission agents

and traders to distort the market or manipulate the prices.

• Direct link between farmer and buyer: Since farmers can be directly on the platform,

it empowers them to bypass commission agents, otherwise an integral part of the physical

markets.

• Access to larger markets: Prior to the portal, farmers were forced to sell their produce,

especially non-MSP harvests, in their local markets. e-NAM would be able to bypass by

allowing farmers of one mandi to trade with buyers of another, thus providing access to a

larger market.

According to the e-NAM website, 19 mandis in Punjab are already linked to the portal. Punjab

has permitted sale of seven commodities on the platform. These include basmati, maize, potato,

kinnow, cotton, peas (green) and moong. As on 31st December 2019, 1,364 traders, 5,238

commission agents and 2,10,438 farmers of Punjab were registered under e-NAM.

Sources:

https://enam.gov.in/web/state-unified-license/no-of-unified-licenses

https://enam.gov.in/web/dashboard/stakeholder-data


Agricultural Extension

Agricultural Extension is a system of sharing information, knowledge, technology, skills, risk and farm

management practices, across agricultural sub-sectors and along all aspects of the agricultural supply

chain. In India extension services are provided through a network of State Agricultural Universities

(SAU), Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVK), extension workers of the state Departments of Agriculture,

private extension agents and progressive farmers.

Punjab does relatively well in terms of availability of extension officials. There are 753 operational

holdings per extension official in the State, compared to the corresponding number of 1162 at the

national level. Moreover, Haryana and Jharkhand are the only two non-hilly states that do better than

Punjab. It is also only slightly above the recommended ratio of 750 operational holdings per extension

worker, in irrigated areas (Committee on Doubling Farmers’ Income, 2017)19.

Agricultural household profile

Land

Punjab has a relatively smaller share of marginal and small farmers in comparison to all India averages

(Figure 39 and Figure 40). While 69% of land holdings are marginal (less than 1 ha) at the all India

level, for Punjab is it merely 14%. Large farms (greater than 10 ha) comprise 5% of Punjab’s land

holdings, compared to 1% at the all India level.

Figure 39: Share of area of operational holdings, by size of land

19 Committee on Doubling Farmers’ Income (2017). Report of the Committee on Doubling Farmers’ Income, Vol IX,

“Empowering the Farmers through Extension and Knowledge Dissemination”. Available at


Source: Agricultural Census, 2015-16

2%7%

25%

44%

22%24% 23% 24% 20%9%

Marginal Small Semi-Medium Medium Large

Punjab has relatively fewer share of marginal and small farmers in comparison

to all India

Punjab All India



Figure 40: Share of number of operational holdings, by size of land

Income and Indebtedness

Agricultural households in Punjab enjoy high incomes and relatively low indebtedness. The

NABARD All India Rural Financial Inclusion Survey (NAFIS) noted a marked variation among states

with respect to the average monthly household income of agricultural households (NABARD, 2018)20.

The agricultural households in Punjab had the highest average monthly income (₹23,133), followed by

Haryana (₹ 18,496) and Kerala (₹ 16,927) reported maximum income levels in 2016-17. This is

indicative of the fact that this sector is making a sizeable contribution to the State’s economy.

Figure 41 plots the incidence of indebtedness in states against the average income of the agricultural

households in the State. It shows that Punjab, Haryana and Gujarat are the only three states in Quadrant

IV (i.e., those states whose average income from agriculture is greater than the average for General



Source: Agricultural Census, 2015-16

14%19%

34%28%

5%

69%

18%

9%4%

1%

Marginal Small Semi-Medium Medium Large

Punjab All India

Source: NABARD All India Financial Inclusion Survey, 2016-17

PB

KL

HRGJ

TN

MH

KA

RA

TL

CG

OD

WBMP

BH

UPJH

AP

GCS Avg

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

5,000 7,000 9,000 11,000 13,000 15,000 17,000 19,000 21,000 23,000 25,000

Inci

den

ce o

f In

deb

ted

nes

s (%

)

Average Monthly Income of the Agricultural Household

Punjab's average income from agriculture is higher than average and proportion

of households reporting indebtedness is lower than average

Figure 41: Average Agricultural Income and Incidence of Indebtedness among Agricultural

Households

Quadrant I Quadrant II

Quadrant III Quadrant IV



Category States and the proportion of households reporting indebtedness in the past year is below the

average for General Category States).

However, it seems that indebtedness is higher among the marginal farmers. According to the Situation

Assessment Survey 2013, 46.2% of the households belonging to “up to 1 hectare of land” possession

category were indebted, in comparison to the 2.4% indebted households of the households possessing

greater than 10 hectares of land. The average outstanding loan amount not surprisingly increased with

increasing holding size. The average amount of loan outstanding for a household possessing less than

0.01 hectares of land was the least at Rs. 13,100, followed by Rs. 24,600 for 0.01-0.40 hectares and Rs.

51,600 for 0.41-1 hectares. Whereas the largest average loan amount outstanding was 9,27,400 of

households possessing greater than 10 hectares of land (Figure 42)21. It is expected that large farmers

would have greater repayment capacity commensurated with size of loan outstanding.

Crop Loan Waiver Scheme

Keeping the high indebtedness among marginal farmers in mind, the State government has introduced

the Crop Loan Waiver Scheme in the State in 2017. The State Government is trying to address these

issues as high priority agenda and has introduced Crop Loan Waiver Scheme in 2017. During 2017-18,

an amount of Rs. 146.05 crores was given to 42,019 farmers as crop loan relief.

Rural development

According to the 2011 census, 62.52% of the total population of Punjab resided in rural areas, vis a vis

69% at the all India level. According to the NSS report on Income, Expenditure, Productive Assets and

Indebtedness of Agricultural Households in India, 51.1% of the rural households of Punjab were

agricultural households. Hence, rural development and agricultural prosperity are closely linked.

21 (n.d.). Income, Expenditure, Productive Assets and Indebtedness of Agricultural Households in India. National Sample

Survey Office, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.

Source: Income, Expenditure, Productive Assets and Indebtedness of Agricultural Households in India, MoSPI

131 246 516

16412292

3266

9274

1195

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

< 0.01 0.01 - 0.40 0.41 - 1.00 1.01 - 2.00 2.01 - 4.00 4.01 - 10.00 10.00 + all sizes

Figure 42: Land size-wise Average Amount of Outstanding Loan (Rs 00) per agricultural household in

Punjab


Employment

The share of agriculture in rural employment has declined from 52.37 % in 2011-1222 to 40.68 % in

2017-18.23 There has been a corresponding increase in the share of services sector in rural employment

from 19.16 % in 2011-12 to 30.2% in 2017-18. Further, the proportion of casual labour in rural

employment also witnessed a decline from 32% in 2011-12 to 23.8% in 2017-18. In contrast, there was

an increase in the proportion of self-employed from 42.4% in 2011-12 to 45.2% in 2017-18. This

highlights the aspirations of the Punjabi youth, who are increasingly looking for non-farm and white-

collar jobs.

Figure 43: Sector-wise share in employment in Punjab (in %) and share of employment type of rural

households (%)

Rural Poverty

The percentage of rural population living below poverty line in Punjab was 7.66% in comparison to the

25.70% of rural population living below poverty line at an all India level. Punjab has managed to

significantly reduce the proportion of below poverty line rural population from 22.10% in 2004-05 to

7.66% in 2011-12. Punjab’s rural poverty has witnessed a 14.44 percentage points decline over the

period between 2004-05 and 2011-12. The headcount ratio in urban areas was lower than that of rural

areas in 2004-05. However, in 2011-12 the headcount ratio in urban areas was higher than that of rural

areas.

22 NSSO (2014). Employment and Unemployment Situation in India. NSS 68th round. July 2011-June 2012. Available at

http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/nss_report_554_31jan14.pdf

23 NSSO (2019). Periodic Labour Force Survey. Available at

http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Annual%20Report%2C%20PLFS%202017-

18_31052019.pdf?download=1

52.37

28.47

19.16 40.68

29.12

30.19

Agriculture Industrial Services

2011-12

2017-18

42.4 45.2

1819.9

32 23.8

7.6 11.1

2011-12 2017-18

Self- Employed Regular wage/ Salary

Casual Labour Others

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey, 2017-18, Employment and Unemployment Situation in India, 2011-12

Note: The data extracted from PLFS and Employment and Unemployment Situation report may not be strictly

comparable


Figure 44: Headcount ratio in rural areas vis-a-vis urban areas, Punjab

Rural Housing

Decent housing conditions are a basic

requirement for ensuring development and

growth of the rural sector. Census 2011 highlights

that 45.2% of rural houses in Punjab can be

classified as ‘good’, against a national average of

45.9% (Figure 45). The proportion of rural

households living in ‘dilapidated’ conditions on

the other hand are 7.5% in comparison to the

national average of 6.5%.

By the time of the NFHS-4 (2015-16), 72.4% of

total rural households lived in pucca houses, while

27% lived in semi-pucca houses and only 0.6% of

the total rural households lived in kachha houses.24

Access to basic services

Severe shortage of drinking water in Punjab is

evident through the fact that as many as 6

districts in Punjab report 100 % of the total inhabited villages to be water scarce.25 Out of the 6 districts

reporting 100% of its villages as drinking water deficient, 5 districts belong to the Malwa belt of Punjab.

The factors responsible for this acute problem of water scarcity include exploitation of the available

groundwater for irrigation purposes and the presence of toxic heavy metals, Selenium, Arsenic,

Uranium and pesticides being reported in the groundwater. (Towards Managing Rural Water Quality in

the State of Punjab)26 88.2 % of the villages in Punjab do not have sufficient drinking water available

to them.

According to the NSSO’s 76th round on Drinking Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Housing Condition

in India, 93.4% of the rural households in Punjab have access to a latrine in comparison to the national

24 (2015-16). Nation Family Health Survey (NFHS-4). International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS).

25 Statistical Abstract of Punjab 26 (n.d.). Towards Managing Rural Drinking Water Quality in the State of Punjab. World Bank. Retrieved from

http://www.pbdwss.gov.in/dwss/circulars/WQ_strategy_mitigation.pdf

45.9%

47.6%

6.5%

45.2%

47.3%

7.5%

Only 7.5% of the rural houses in Punjab

are in dilapidated condition

Good

Livable

Dilapidated

India

Punjab

Source: Census of India, 2011

Figure 45: Condition of rural households in Punjab

and India

Source: Niti Aayog, erstwhile Planning Commission of India

18.7%

22.1%

9.2%7.7%

Urban Rural

2004-05 2011-12



average of 71.3%.27 NFHS-4 (2015-16) also states that 99% of the rural households have access to

improved drinking water facility and 99.6% of them have access to electricity in Punjab.

Connectivity

All the inhabited villages in Punjab have been linked with pucca roads. Punjab has an extensive road

network. At the end of March 2016, Punjab held a network of national highways of length 2,769 kms,

state highways of length 1,133 kms and roads of length 1,08,379 kms. A well-developed network for

Indian railways of length 2,269 kms also exists in Punjab. The state accounts for approximately 3.4%

of the total railway network in India.28

As per the Statistical Abstract of Punjab, on average, the population of 5,396 people was served by one

post office in Punjab in the year 2018-19. Population of Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar had the lowest

population to post office ratio of 2913 persons while, Pathankot had the highest population to post office

rate of 8519 persons.

27 (2019). Drinking Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Housing Condition in India. Ministry of Statistics and Programme

Implementation. Retrieved from http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Report_584_final_0.pdf 28 RBI Handbook of Statistics on Indian States

http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Report_584_final_0.pdf

Chapter 3 Industrial Development

Introduction

Constituting about a fourth of the overall GSVA and one third of the employment in Punjab, the

development of industry in Punjab has largely been powered by the flourishing agriculture sector. In

1920s, canal irrigation, increasing spread of Railways, and global food demand due to the World War I

led to commercialization of agriculture, and with it, to the growth of related industries. These produced

both processed goods as well as inputs used in agriculture. A similar surge was witnessed in the mid-

1960s with the advent of the Green Revolution, where the booming agriculture sector once again

encouraged manufacturing through three routes – supplying inputs to agriculture, processing outputs of

agriculture, and meeting the higher consumption demand due to prosperity from agriculture (Bhalla,

1995)29.

Even today agro-based industries – such as food, beverages, textiles and wearing apparel - account for

about 40% of total gross value added (GVA) in registered manufacturing and 45% of unregistered

manufacturing. With greater agricultural diversification however, it is to be expected that the industrial

sector will also find new avenues of growth including medium to high-tech industries. Currently,

medium to high-tech industries - such as rubber and plastic products, basic metals (mid-tech); and

machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and other transport equipment (high-tech) together account

for around 44% of the gross value added in the registered manufacturing sector.

Performance

In 2018-19, industrial GSVA growth in Punjab, overtook industrial sector growth at the all India level

(Figure 46). Over the five-year period between 2013-14 and 2017-18, industrial sector at the all India

level registered an average growth in GVA of 6.9% while Punjab registered a growth in GSVA of 5.6%.

In 2018-19 however, the industrial GVA in the State grew at 5.8% higher than national growth of 4.8%.

29 Bhalla G S (1995). Agricultural growth and industrial development in Punjab. In Agriculture on the road to

industrialization. Mellor, John W. (Ed.) Chapter 3. Pp. 67-112. Baltimore, MD: Published for the International Food

Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) [by] Johns Hopkins University Press.

http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/129338

The industrial sector constitutes about a fourth of the overall GSVA and one third of the employment

in Punjab. Manufacturing contributes the largest share of industrial sector in Punjab – accounting

for more than half the industrial sector GSVA. Construction follows next, contributing more than a

quarter of the industrial GSVA.

In 2018-19, industrial GSVA growth in Punjab overtook industrial sector growth at the all India

level. Over the five-year period between 2013-14 and 2017-18, industrial sector at the all India level

registered an average growth in GVA of 6.9% while Punjab registered a growth in GSVA of 5.6%.

In 2018-19, however, the State performed better – with a growth rate of 5.8%. In 2019-20, it is

expected that Punjab industrial GSVA will grow at 4% - at par with the country as a whole.

Resilience in the growth of the electricity and water utility sector is one of the reasons for this

projected performance in 2019-20.

In manufacturing, while traditionally agriculture-based sector – such as food processing and textile,

wearing apparel have dominated, going forward, the light engineering sector may provide future

opportunities for growth.


In 2019-20, it is expected that the slowdown at all India level will impact Punjab as well with an

expected growth of 4%. However, this will still be at par with country as a whole.

Figure 46: Growth of industrial GSVA at constant prices, India and Punjab

Due to its large share in the industrial sector GSVA, manufacturing closely determines the growth

tendency of the entire sector. Manufacturing accounts for more than of half the industrial sector GSVA

(Figure 47). Construction follows next, contributing more than a quarter of the industrial GSVA.

Between 2011-12 and 2018-19, there has been a reduction in the share of both the manufacturing and

construction sub-sectors, largely on account of the increasing share of electricity, gas, water supply and

other utilities.

Figure 47: Share of sub sectors in industrial GSVA in Punjab, current prices

Accordingly, as Figure 48 shows, the growth rates of the manufacturing sector and industrial sector

overall move closely together. In 2019-20, the manufacturing sector is projected to slow-down with an

expected growth rate of 1.8%. However, due to relative resilience in the other industrial sub-sectors,

overall industrial growth is not expected to fall as precipitously.

0.1%

58.17%

11.1%

30.7%

0.1%

55.03%

18.9%

26.0%

Mining & Quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, Gas, Water

Supply & other Utility

Services

Construction

Manufacturing continues to account for more than half of industrial GSVA

2011-12

2018-19

Source: MoSPI and Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab


0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 (AE)

Industrial growth in Punjab is expected to be at par with national average in

2019-20

India Punjab

71 Chapter 3: Industrial Development

Figure 48: Growth rate of industrial sector GSVA

Industrial performance across districts is affected by whether they are located on the border with

Pakistan or not. These districts are Gurdaspur, Pathankot, Amritsar, Tarn Taran, Firozpur and Fazilka.

The average per capita industrial GDVA in these districts was Rs. 12,916 between 2011-12 and 2016-

17. In contrast, the non-border districts averaged a per capita industrial GDVA of Rs. 27,356 over the

same period.

Index of industrial production

Contrary to GSVA trends, the general Index of Industrial Production (IIP) has shown robust growth in

2018-19. Overall IIP growth accelerated to 11.2% in 2018-19 from 4.6% in 2017-18. Manufacturing,

with a weight of 80.7%, similarly accelerated since 2016-17. Since IIP is a volume-based measure, a

difference in the trends with industrial GSVA is not incompatible. That is, even as volume growth

accelerated, growth in value add (which is net of inputs from production) may have slowed.

Figure 49: Growth rate of IIP

4%5% 5%

6%7.1%

5.9% 5.6%

1.8%

-4%

0%

4%

8%

12%

16%

2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17(R) 2017-18(P) 2018-19(Q) 2019-20(A)

Growth in industry sector mirrors the growth in manufacturing

Industry

Manufacturing

Electricity, Gas, Water Supply & other Utility Services

Construction



3.0%

3.7%

4.5%

2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

Manufacturing

5% 5%

11.2%12%

8%

36%

2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

General Index Electricity


Figure 50 highlights the performers and laggards based on the average annual growth rate of IIP over

the three-year period ranging from 2016-17 to 2018-19. As can be seen, the usual suspects such as

textiles, apparel, food and beverages have done well. The highest production growth in Punjab occurred

in other manufacturing, paper and paper products, other transport equipment. The lowest production

growth happened in leather and leather products and other non-metallic minerals.

Figure 50: Average Annual Growth Rate of IIP over 2016-17 to 2018-19

Employment

Industrial sector accounts for one third of the total employment in Punjab (PLFS 2017-18)30. This is a

slight increase from 2011-12 and 2015-16 (MoLE, 2016; NSSO, 2014)31. Within the industrial sector,

the largest share has been that of manufacturing (57%), followed by construction (40%), and then the

electricity sector (2.4%). The relative shares have remained around the same since 2011-12, though

30 NSSO (2019). Periodic Labour Force Survey. Available at



31 Ministry of Labour and Employment (2016). Report on Fifth Annual Employment - Unemployment Survey. Available at

http://labourbureaunew.gov.in/UserContent/EUS_5th_1.pdf

NSSO (2014). Employment and Unemployment Situation in India. NSS 68th round. July 2011-June 2012. Available at


PLFS 2017-18 and Employment Unemployment Survey 2011-12 are not strictly comparable.

-15%

-10%

-5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

Oth

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Pap

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pap

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Agro based industries show relatively stronger performance


http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Annual%20Report%2C%20PLFS%202017-18_31052019.pdf?download=1

http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Annual%20Report%2C%20PLFS%202017-18_31052019.pdf?download=1




there have been some changes through the years. The share of manufacturing in employment fell

between 2011-12 and 2015-16, and then recovered by 2017-18. Correspondingly, the share of the

construction sector increased between 2011-12 and 2015-16, and then fell. On the other hand, the share

of Electricity, Water Supply and other utility services fell across this period.

Figure 51: Share of industrial sub-sectors in Employment

The construction sector forms an important sector for Punjab and is the second largest employer in the

industrial sector (13.32% of workers aged 15 years and above in the year 2017-18) after manufacturing.

Given the poor working conditions, the State Government has undertaken various initiatives for the

social and economic security of the construction workers in the State. Punjab Building and Other

Construction Workers’ Welfare Board, constituted in 2009, provides social and economic benefits to

Building and other Construction (BOC) workers. The Board extends benefits to BOC workers in the

form of insurance assistance, assistance for purchase of working tools, bi-cycle equipment, marriage

assistance, maternity benefit, death and funeral assistance, accident, medical expense for treatment of

major ailments, assistance for Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) and skill development32. Some

specific schemes include:

• Interest subvention for housing: The Shahri Awas Yojna of the Board extends financial

assistance in the form of an interest subsidy of 6.5% for a loan of Rs. 6.00 lac for 20 years,

taken by an urban construction worker having an annual income less than Rs. 6 lac.

• Pension: A registered construction worker on completion of 60 years of age and three years of

membership, is entitled to a pension of Rs. 2,000/- per month.

• Mobile Lab Scheme: This scheme enables quick detection of Silicosis and other diseases of

registered construction workers and their family members. Expenditure upto Rs. 1.5 lac

incurred by the worker are reimbursed under this scheme.

32 Source: http://bocw.punjab.gov.in/index.aspx?id=Welfare%20Schemes&Data=38

53.4% 45.4%57.0%

4.8%

3.8%

2.4%

41.8% 49.5% 40.2%

2011-12 2015-16 2017-18

Manufacturing is the largest employer in industrial sector

Construction

Electricity, Water supply

and other utility services

Manufacturing

Mining and quarrying

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey, 2017-18, Employment-Unemployment Situation of India, 2011-12, Employment and

Unemployment Survey 2015-16

Note: Data from the three surveys is not strictly comparable

http://bocw.punjab.gov.in/index.aspx?id=Welfare%20Schemes&Data=38


• Financial assistance:

o Financial benefit upto Rs. 50,000/- or the actual expenses, whichever is less, is paid to

the registered beneficiary or their family members for ‘general surgery’.

o Reimbursement is provided to construction workers and their family members for

spectacles, denture and hearing aids amounting to Rs. 800, Rs. 5,000 and Rs. 6,000

respectively.

Capital formation

Investment in the industrial sector has consistently formed about half of the total investment in

Punjab. As of 2017-18, gross capital formation in the industrial sector was 31% of the GSVA in the

sector (Figure 52). Though investment levels are relatively low, there has been an uptick in investment

since 2015-16.

Figure 52: GSCF as proportion of industrial sector GSVA at current prices

Within the industrial sector there has been a shift in the composition of investment (Figure 53). The

share of the manufacturing sector’s capital formation in the total industrial capital formation declined

from 87% in 2011-12 to 67% in 2017-18. This was on the back of an average contraction of 8% seen

between 2014-15 and 2016-17. The year 2017-18 saw a recovery however, with capital formation

growing by 16%. The share of construction sector and the electricity, gas and water supply sector was

almost the same in 2011-12. However, due to consistent growth in construction sector investment, its

share in total industrial gross capital formation increased to 27% in 2017-18.

28.7%30.2%

38.2%

32.3%

28.3%29.9% 31.1%

2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Uptick in capital formation in industrial sector since 2015-16



Figure 53: Share of Industrial sub-sectors in the industrial GSCF

Availability of investible funds

The increase in gross capital formation was in spite of a decline in the credit to GVA ratio in Punjab,

similar to national trends. The ratio fell to 67% in 2017-18, from 69% seen in the previous year. The

national trend of declining credit is attributed to the Twin Balance Sheet (TBS) problem. The TBS refers

to impaired balance sheets of public sector banks due to higher Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) and

precarious financial position of corporates slowing down credit offtake. The same may be true for

Punjab as well, though the share of Punjab in overall outstanding credit of the country has itself been

dipping. The growth rate of credit outstanding has also been slowing down though there has been a

recovery in 2017-18 (Figure 54).

Figure 54: Growth in credit to industrial sector – India and Punjab

Selected industrial sub-sectors: a closer look

Manufacturing Sector

As seen above, the manufacturing sector accounts for more than half of the industrial GSVA of Punjab

and 57% of the state’s industrial employment. Manufacturing may be registered, or unregistered. The

Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) provides estimates on the factories in the State that were registered

under Section 2m(i) and 2m(ii) of the Factories Act 1948 – i.e., those units operating with a minimum

87%

67%

27%

6%0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Composition of capital fromation in industrial sector has shifted towards

construction

Manufacturing Construction Electricity, gas and water supply


Source: Handbook of Statistics on Indian States, RBI

-15%

-10%

-5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Growth rate of credit outstanding recovered in 2017-18

Punjab India


of 10 workers and power or operating with 20 workers, without power. The Unincorporated Enterprise

Survey (UES) covers unincorporated enterprises not registered under Section 2m(i) and 2m(ii) of the

Factories Act. ASI 2016-17 and UES 2015-16 are used to derive some insight about the nature of

manufacturing in Punjab, in this section.

Registered manufacturing

Table 23 presents the top 10 industries in Punjab, by share in total value added by the registered

manufacturing sector in the state. As can be seen, agro-based industries top the charts by this metric.

Food products, textiles, and wearing apparel account for close to 40% of the gross value added.

Machinery and equipment, transport and metal manufacturing are the other important sectors. Of these,

the capital-intensive sectors - seeing the maximum share of gross capital formation - are manufacturing

of food products, and machinery and equipment. Factories in the latter sector are also the most

profitable, followed by those producing motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers.

Table 23: Performance on select indicators of registered manufacturing industries in Punjab

Share of

number of

operational

factories in the

state

Share of GVA in

the registered

manufacturing

sector

Share of GCF in

the registered

manufacturing

sector

Per

factory

profit (in

lac)

Food products 23% 19% 20% 78.53

Textiles 6% 14% 2% 24.64

Machinery and

equipment n.e.c. 8% 13% 20% 256.83

Non-metallic mineral

products 19% 6% 0% 41.19

Wearing apparel 7% 5% 2% 21.91

Basic metals 7% 5% 9% 47.69

Other transport

equipment 6% 5% 6% 26.44

Fabricated metal

products, except

machinery and

equipment

7% 5% 4% 59.86

Motor vehicles,

trailers and semi-

trailers

2% 5% 6% 184.48

Chemicals and

chemical products 1% 4% 7% -75.05

Source: Annual Survey of Industries, 2016-17


Unregistered Manufacturing

The top 10 sectors by share in GVA is similar for unregistered manufacturing (Figure 55). Wearing

apparel, food product, textiles, machinery & equipment are among the sectors accounting for maximum

share of GVA. Wearing apparel counts for relatively smaller share of GVA but high share of the number

of factories.

In the subsequent sections we take a closer look at some of the important sub-sectors of manufacturing.

These include food processing, textile and apparel, light engineering and sporting goods industries.

Food-Processing Industry

A well-developed food processing sector with higher level of processing helps in improving value

addition, promotes crop diversification, ensures better return to the farmers, promotes employment as

well as increase export earnings. This sector is also capable of addressing critical issues of food security,

food inflation and providing wholesome, nutritious food to the masses. Hence, not surprisingly, it is

referred to, as the ‘sunrise industry’. In general, food processing industries are constrained in India by

small and dispersed marketable surplus due to fragmented holding. Due to the high crop yields

associated with the state of Punjab, it is the ideal destination for setting up of food processing units.

According to the Annual Survey of Industries 2016-17, the food processing industry (food and

beverages manufacturing put together) contributed 21.09% of the GVA in the registered manufacturing

sector of Punjab in the year 2016-17. Within food processing, ‘grain mill products, starches and starch

products’ were the highest contributor, linked to Punjab’s abundant production of paddy and wheat

(Figure 56).

Source: Unincorporated Enterprises Survey, 2015-16

11% 9% 7% 5%3% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1%

42%

17%

8%5% 4% 5% 4% 5%

2% 1%

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Agro-based industries dominate the unregistered manufacturing sector as well

Share of GVA Share of factories

Figure 55: Share of GVA and number of factories for unregistered manufacturing, 2015-16


Figure 56: Share of GVA in registered food and beverages processing, 2016-17

In terms of profit per unit however, the fruits

and vegetable processing, meat processing and

dairy products were among the top five sectors

(Figure 57). This provides further reason for

expanding crop diversification and promoting

livestock rearing.

In unregistered manufacturing as well, grain

mill products, starches and starch products

accounts for the largest share of GVA (UES,

2015-16), followed by other food products.

However, beverage manufacturing tops in

terms of GVA per unit, followed by vegetable

and animal oil.Government of Punjab has taken

various steps to encourage the food processing

sector. Recently, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT) opened its liaison office at

Bhatinda, Punjab with the objective of developing entrepreneurship and creating skilled manpower for

the food sector, particularly in the northern region of the country. The Center has already conducted a

national seminar on recent trends in food processing in collaboration with Central University of Punjab

and is set to expand to a full-fledged unit for skill development and incubation services. Through these

centers, IIFPT serves the farming community by providing training in the field of food processing.

Through these liaison offices, IIFPT expands its horizon and visibility to serve more to the stakeholders

and disseminates the latest technologies to unserved population. Infrastructure such as Food Processing

Trainings cum Incubation Center, training classrooms, trainees’ hostel and office room were established

to serve for the stakeholders at the liaison offices of IIFPT (MoFPI, 2019)33.

Out of the three Mega Food Parks approved for Punjab, the International Mega Food Park Ltd., Fazilka

is already operational while, Punjab Agro Industries Corporation Ltd., (PAIC) Ludhiana and Sukjhit

Mega Food Park & Infra Ltd. Kapurthala continue to be under implementation. Further, a grant

equivalent to Rs. 31.46 lac for research on “Development of Good Quality and Healthy Ready to Drink

33 Ministry of Food Processing (2019). Annual Report 2018-19. Government of India

31%27%

15%11% 9%

3% 2% 2%

Gra

in m

ill

pro

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s,

star

ches

and

sta

rch

pro

du

cts

Fru

its

and

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cts

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ats

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and

pre

serv

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mea

t

Source: ASI, 2016-17


1409

1079

175 132 104

Processing

and

preserving

of Fruits

and

Vegetables

Processing

and

preserving

of meat

Beverages Other Food

Products

Dairy

Products

Figure 57: Profit per unit (Rs. lac) of top 5 registered

food and beverage processing industry, 2016-

17


Concoction of Milk Tea” and Rs. 8 lac for research on “Rapid and confirmatory detection of important

animal meat based food borne pathogens and its Associated toxicants and natural toxicants by using

Immunohistopathological and molecular techniques- A step towards One Health Concept” has been

released to the Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana.

Textile and Apparel Manufacturing Industry

Due to the availability of a rich resource base

in Punjab and its robust spinning capacity, the

textile industries are a major contributor to the

total output of the State.

The textile and apparel manufacturing industry

contributed 19.21% of the Gross Value Added

in the registered manufacturing sector of

Punjab in 2016-17. Out of the total GVA

created by textile and apparel manufacturing in

Punjab (2016-17), 54.7% was contributed by

Spinning, weaving and finishing of cotton

textiles, followed by Knitted and crocheted

apparel of 23.1 % in 2016-17. The latter

establishes the importance of wool based

industries in the state. The manufacture of

other textiles also contributed a significant

17.2% to the textile and apparel GVA of

Punjab (Figure 58).

In terms of profitability per unit, ‘Manufacturing of other textiles’ does best (Rs. 62 lac), followed by

‘knitted and crocheted apparel’ (Rs. 13 lac).

In the unregistered manufacturing sector, highest share of GVA is contributed by the manufacture of

wearing apparel (Figure 59).

The key initiatives taken by the Punjab

government to promote textiles in Punjab

include upgradation of NIIFT as Centre of

Excellence for High Fashion Garments and

Textiles, facilitation in setting up of Common

Effluent Treatment Plants and provision of

highest FAR to Textile and Knitwear units.

The fiscal incentives provided to the industry

include exemption of 100% of the SGST,

100% of ED, SD, 100% of CLU/EDC and

100% of the Property tax for these units. The

anchor units are also provided 100%

reimbursement of net SGST for 15 years, up to

200% of fixed capital investment, 100%

exemption from change of land use

charges/external development charges,

employment generation subsidy up to

Rs.48,000 per employee per year for 5 years and change of land use charges in Agriculture Zone for


54.7%

23.1%

17.2%

5.0%

Spinning,

weaving and

finishing of

textiles

Manufacture

of knitted and

crocheted

apparel

Manufacture

of other

textiles

Manufacture

of wearing

apparel,

except fur

apparel

Figure 58: Share of GVA of registered textile and

wearing apparel manufacturing, 2016-17

Spinning, weaving and

finishing of textiles

7%

Other

textiles

16%

Wearing

apparel,

except fur

apparel

66%

Knitted and

crocheted

apparel

11%

Figure 59: Share of GVA in unregistered textile and

apparel manufacturing, 2015-16



minimum land area of 50 Acres (Department of Industries & Commerce, 2018)34. Under the Scheme

for Integrated Textile Parks, a total of four Textile Parks are operational in Punjab.

Light engineering

Light engineering is a diverse industry comprising of low technology manufacturing such as castings

and forgings to high technology manufacturing of industrial process control equipment and diagnostic

medical instruments. Punjab is an important player in this domain.

It contributes approximately 5.5% of total state GVA in the registered manufacturing sector, as of 2016-

17. Of this, the highest share is contributed by bicycles production. Ludhiana is an important bicycle

production cluster. This is followed by casting of metals which contributes 24% of GVA in the light

engineering sector. Jalandhar cluster in the state is well known for casting of machinery parts and

agricultural implements. The metal fastener manufacturing industry is also strong, contributing nearly

13% of total GVA of the sector in the state (Figure 60).

Figure 60: Share of GVA and number of units, registered light engineering industry, 2016-17

Light engineering forms about 6.3% of unregistered manufacturing. Of these, metal fasteners and

bicycle production forms the majority share of GVA (Figure 61).

The Government of India has recognised ferrous casting as an important sector for future growth,

especially considering stringent pollution control norms in US, Japan and Germany. Bicycle

manufacturing – important both in registered and unregistered manufacturing, can also help fulfill the

country’s export ambitions, especially in the professional and adventure categories (Department for

Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, 2019)35. The state government promoted high-tech cycle

valley in Ludhiana providing infrastructure, common facilities for effluent treatment, design facilities,

34 Department of Industries & Commerce (2018). Industrial and Business Development Policy 2017 Amended as on

30.07.2018. Govt of Punjab. Available at

http://investpunjab.gov.in/Content/documents/Notifications/Industrial_and_Business_Development_Policy_2017.pdf

35 Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (2019). Annual Report 2018-19. Ministry of Commerce and

Industry. Available at https://dipp.gov.in/sites/default/files/annualReport_2018-19_E_0.pdf

56.8%

24.1%

12.7%

2.5% 1.4% 1.0% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0%

Bic

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Bicycle production dominates the light engineering industry

Share of GVA Share of number of units


https://dipp.gov.in/sites/default/files/annualReport_2018-19_E_0.pdf


warehousing and logistic services may be useful in this regard (Department of Industries & Commerce,

Government of Punjab,2018).

Figure 61: Share of GVA and number of units, unregistered light engineering industry, 2015-16

Sports Goods Industry

According to the Annual Survey of Industries 2016-17, the Sports goods industry contributed 0.8% of

the Gross Value Added in the registered manufacturing sector of Punjab. The profit per factory

registered were Rs. 70.17 lac. It comprised 0.18% of GVA in the unregistered manufacturing sector.

Jalandhar is the hub for sports good manufacturing in the state. The Punjab government intends to set

up a Sports Goods Park in Jalandhar. Among other facilities, it will include a technology centre for

providing technology support – including certification and testing centre.

Electricity, gas, water supply and other utilities sector

Electricity

Punjab has been able to meet the increasing demand for power. The estimated demand for electricity

has consistently grown in the State. As of 2017-18, estimated demand of electricity was 54,812 MU as

against 53,098 MU in 2016-17. In spite of fluctuations in electricity generation, the availability of

electricity has been more or less at par with the demand for electricity, as highlighted in (Figure 62).

Naturally, this has also resulted in an increase in power consumption. The State consumed 47,548.96

million kwH of electricity during 2018-19, an increase of 0.8% from 2017-18. This has important

economic implications. As Figure 63 shows, 60% of the power consumption is in the agricultural and

industrial sector. Around 29% is domestic consumption – whose share has increased over the years.


72%

18%

7%

1% 1%

55%

25%

16%

3% 1%

Metal fasteners Bicycles and invalid

carriages

Other fabricated

metal products n.e.c.

Casting of metals Bearings, gears,

gearing and driving

elements

Share of GVA Share of number of units


Figure 62: Power requirement and availability in Punjab

Figure 63: Sectoral share of power consumption

As of 2018, majority of the installed capacity in the state comes from thermal sources. However,

renewables and clean power sources, such as nuclear, hydro and other renewables (solar, wind etc.)

constitute the remaining (Figure 64). This could be increased further if Punjab were to leverage the

power of biomass, abundant in the state due to its large agricultural sector (Figure 64).

Of the installed capacity, 35% is owned by the government of Punjab, 49% is privately owned and 17%

is Centrally owned.

Source: State-wise Power Requirement and Availability, Handbook of Statistics on Indian States, RBI


30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

55000

60000

200

7-0

8

200

8-0

9

200

9-1

0

201

0-1

1

201

1-1

2

201

2-1

3

201

3-1

4

201

4-1

5

201

5-1

6

201

6-1

7

201

7-1

8

Demand (MU) Availability (MU)

9.8%

11.7% 13.6%22.0%

28.9% 28.7%

36.0%

38.1% 36.3%

42.0%34.0% 37.0%

38.0%43.7% 42.9%

28.9% 26.5%23.6%

1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2017-18 2018-19

60% of power consumption is in the industrial and agrciulture sector

Public lighting bulk and other Commercial Domestic Industrial Agriculture


Box 12: Biomass potential in Punjab

Biomass is defined as living or recently dead organisms and any byproducts of those organisms, plant

or animal. In the context of biomass energy, the term refers to those crops, residues, and other

biological materials that can be used as a substitute for fossil fuels in the production of energy and

other products. Living biomass takes in carbon as it grows and releases this carbon when used for

energy, resulting in a carbon-neutral cycle that does not increase the atmospheric concentration of

greenhouse gases. Biopower can be generated through combustion or gasification of dry biomass or

biogas (methane) captured through controlled anaerobic digestion. There are several advantages to

biopower including:

• Environment friendly and renewable

• Decentralized form of power – hence involves low capital cost as well as low cost of production

and distribution

• Employment opportunities to locals

• Using crop residue for biomass power production can help address the issue of stubble burning

Punjab has the highest potential for biomass power at 3172 MW, on account of its large agriculture

sector, much higher than the installed capacity. However, the installed capacity of biomass power has

also witnessed an increase of 77.2% from 179 MW in 2017 to 317.10 MW in 2018(MoSPI, 2019).

An important constraint to the leveraging of biomass power include fragmented nature of land

holdings, due to which plants have to collect the straw from farm to farm during the season and the

stored fuel gets used through the year. However, the fuel value of the of the stored straw decreases

with time. To overcome this, projects could potentially establish stronger linkages by entering into

partnership with farmers to deposit their farm residue in designated collection centres. Alternatively,

work may be done to develop commercially viable small biomass power projects that collect waste

from smaller catchment areas. Cogeneration with sugar mills, using sugarcane bagasse as biomass

could be another route.

Overall, the low installed capacity relative to the potential indicates the need for state-level targets to

be set. This could be part of a broader policy of the Punjab Energy Development Agency, which could

be designed within the rubrics of the National Policy on Biofuels.

Sources:

CRGGS (2015). Climate Resilient Green Growth Strategies for Punjab (Summary for Policymakers). Implemented by The

Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) in Collaboration with Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI)

MOSPI. (2019). Energy Statistics 2017-18. MOSPI.

Source: Central Electricity Authority, India

Figure 64: Sources of power in Punjab, as percentage of installed capacity (MW), as of March 2018

Thermal, 60.6%

Nuclear, 1.5%

Hydro , 28.4%

RES , 9.5%


Size-based classification of industries

Small scale industries

MSME sector plays a crucial role in providing

large employment opportunities at comparatively

lower capital cost. MSMEs also help in

industrialisation of rural and backward areas,

thereby, reducing regional imbalances. MSME

sector has emerged as an engine for socio-

economic growth.

Punjab has a strong base of more than 2 lac small

scale units belonging to auto components,

bicycle parts, hosiery, sports goods, agricultural

implements etc. These have shown high growth

in the recent past with value of production

increasing at the rate of 12% on average between

2015-16 and 2017-18. During 2017-18, the

number of MSME units increased by 26,683,

leading to employment of 1.40 lac people.

Overall, more than 14.8 lac people are employed

in small scale industry.

Most of the small scale industries’ production was concentrated in Ludhiana, with a value of output of

INR 66,606.59 crores (Figure 65). Ludhiana was followed by Fazilka (RS. 6828.89 Crores), Fatehgarh

Sahib (RS. 5,908.57 Crores) and Amritsar (RS. 5,661.5 Crores) in output production by small scale

units.

The State’s MSME policy intends to accelerate the growth of its MSME units by carrying out in depth

studies of the 10 clusters every year for specific interventions to increase their competitiveness,

upgrading and setting up common facility centres in 10 clusters every year and upgrading 10 technology

centres in the State. Further, the policy recognised different stages of MSMEs with different needs.

MSME growth was broadly classified into five stages – Ideating a Business, Starting a Business,

Growing a Business, Reviving a Business and Exiting a Business and the policy accordingly addressed

various needs that emerge in each of these stages, with a growth and performance oriented approach.

The government has also set up ‘MSME Punjab’, as part of the Punjab Industrial and Business

Development Authority to focus on the development of MSMEs by addressing the following key

functions: (i) Enhancing the competitiveness of MSMEs in the changed economic scenario (ii) Ensuring

adequate flow of credit from financial institutions/banks (iii) Providing support for technology

upgradation and modernization (iv) Providing modern testing facilities and quality certification (v)

Providing access to modern management practices and (vi) Providing support for product development,

design intervention and packaging.

Large and Medium Enterprises

Growth in medium and large enterprises accelerated in 2017-18. The value of production increased by

41.6% in that year, vis-a-vis growth of 30.1% in the previous year. During this time frame, 10 new units

were set up in Punjab, employing 64,564 more persons. The total number of large industrial units in

Punjab were 504 with a total fixed capital of Rs. 97,27,611. The industry employed a total of 3,36,581

persons


0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

Ludhiana Fazilka Fatehgarh

Sahib

Amritsar Sangrur

Figure 65:Top five districts, by output of small-scale

industries, 2017-18 (in Rs. Crore)


Jalandhar’s medium and large scale industrial output production amounting to Rs. 37,491.1 crores was

the highest in the State. Jalandhar was followed by Ludhiana (Rs. 33,495 Crores), Bathinda (Rs.

31,082.7 Crores) and SAS Nagar (Rs. 18,579.99 Crores) in output production by large scale units

(Figure 66).

Figure 66: Value of production (Rs. crore) of large and medium scale enterprises, by district, 2017-

18

Various government initiatives taken to promote industries

Ease of Doing Business initiatives

To give boost to Ease of Doing Business initiatives, the State has implemented the Business Reforms

Action Plan released by Government of India (BRAP 2019) and notable reforms are:

• Invest Punjab Business First Portal extended to Districts.

• Online land allotment through e-Auction.

• Dedicated Commercial Court at Ludhiana.

• Online single window system for granting construction permits. Joint site inspection system

for granting construction permits involving building plan approval, release of temporary

power connection, water & sewerage connections and Fire NOC.

• Central Inspection System, No surprise inspections without HoD approval in Labour, Boiler,

PPCB.

• Electricity Connection in 7 / 15 (with RoW) days in Industrial Focal Points.

• Integrated land records containing Searchable data of land transactions, property tax and

Court Cases.

• Shop/commercial establishment Registration in 1 day, renewal eliminated.

• GIS based maps of all Industrial Focal Points.

• Online availability of master plans and cadastral maps.

0

10000

20000

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40000

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Setting up of Punjab Bureau of Investment Promotion (PBIP)

Government of Punjab has established Punjab Bureau of Investment Promotion (PBIP) to provide one-

stop regulatory clearances to the proposals of new investments in the State, interact with industry at

National and International level to promote investment in Punjab. As a result of the establishment of

the Punjab Bureau of Investment Promotion and as a result, the State of Punjab has received projects

worth Rs. 57,735 crore till December 2019.

MSME Punjab

In order to address a myriad of challenges being faced by the MSMEs in the State and to make it a

highly vibrant and dynamic sector, the State has set up ‘MSME Punjab’, as part of the Punjab

Industrial and Business Development Authority to focus on the development of MSMEs. MSME

Punjab will have dedicated divisions and requisite competencies to provide necessary assistance to

MSME units in Access to Finance/Credit, Access to Technology, Access to Market, Access to Skills

and other needs of the Sector. The Organisation will be assisted by professional agencies in delivering

various services to its stakeholders.

District level Single Window System

To strengthen support to the industry particularly MSME sector at the District Level, the State will

set up a strong and effective Single Window System at the District level. It provides one stop

clearances for all regulatory services and fiscal incentives and also facilitates support services and

access to the MSME units.

MSME Cluster Development Programs

The State will clearly identify and delineate various industry clusters based on their presence in

various geographic locations. The same would be marked on GIS for their visibility and providing

necessary linkages. The State will focus on optimal utilization of Central Government schemes for

developing and upgrading various MSME clusters. Common facilities will be set up in partnership

with SPV’s of respective clusters. Apart from the Schemes of Central Government for cluster

development, the State would also formulate its own scheme for cluster development based on the

felt needs of the State and gaps in the Central Scheme.

Access to Technology

The State will set up one Technology Centre and one Common Facility Centre for each major

industrial cluster. Revamping of the existing Quality Marking Centers (QMC’s) and IDCs as

technology centers and common facility centers on Public Private Partnership model shall be

undertaken for supporting the MSME sector. There are 13 existing QMCs and 20 IDCs in the state

catering to different sectors like Engineering, Sports Goods, Leather, Paints, Textile, and Machine

Tool etc.

Revival and Rehabilitation of Sick MSME units

The State will closely monitor implementation of RBI’s framework for identification, nursing and

providing rehabilitation package to potentially viable sick units of the State. The State shall identify

and prepare district wise list of sick units. The identified viable sick MSMEs shall be provided relief

measures by the State for their rehabilitation and revival.

Box 13: Recent policy measures for enhancing the MSMEs


Startup and Entrepreneurship promotion

Startup and Entrepreneurship is one of the important pillar of Industrial and Business Development

Policy, 2017 and attractive fiscal incentives in the shape of lease rental subsidy, interest subsidy, seed

funding are available to startup units. Similarly capital subsidy and other incentives are available to the

incubators under the IBDP 2017. An MoU was signed on 16 Jan 2018 with STPI, Mohali to setup

Punjab Startup Hub at STPI, Mohali. The soft launch of `NEURON’ Startup Hub at STPI Mohali has

been done in September, 2019.

Chief Minister Punjab has launched the Punjab Startup Portal to act as a platform for start-ups to connect

and collaborate with all elements of the start-up ecosystem. Startup Punjab has organized the Startup

India Punjab Yatra event held in early 2019 with 19 van stops & 08 boot camps that had ideation

workshop and idea pitching sessions. Startup Punjab has also organized Hackathon event at Thapar

Institute, Patiala and Bootcamp at Jalandhar. Top 3 ideas from the five different sectors were rewarded

during the Grand Finale.

Micro and Small Enterprises Cluster Development Programme

As per revised scheme guidelines of MES-CDP, the department has now identified 23 clusters, 19

Diagnostic Study Repost (DSRs) for undertaking soft interventions and preparation of Detailed Project

Reports (DPRs). One common facility centre namely Mohali Hi-tech Metal Cluster, is under

establishment for bathroom and sanitary-ware fittings with project cost of Rs. 14.07 crore. Further, the

Government Of India in its steering Committee meeting held on 25 July 2018 accorded final approval

to the project/ DPR of Oil Expeller & Parts Cluster, Ludhiana and also released 1st installment of

Government Of India assistance of Rs. 5.40 crores in July, 2019 which has been utilized and the

Government Of India is being requested for release 2nd installment. Further, the Government Of India

in its Steering Committee meeting held on 27 February 2019 has accorded Final Approval to the

project/DPR of Foundry & General Engineering Cluster, Kapurthala and In-principle approval to the

DPR of Auto Tech Cluster, Ludhiana. Recently, the Government Of India in its Steering Committee

meeting held on 02 July 2019 has accorded final approval to the project of CFC in Garment Cluster,

Ludhiana, also. The Government Of India in its steering Committee meeting held on 22 January 2020

has also accorded in principle approval to the DPR of CFC in Cutting Tool Cluster, Patiala.

PSIEC is Upgrading 17 IFPs of Punjab under ID component of MSE-CDP Scheme of MoMSME. The

total project cost is Rs.146.22 Crore. At present 24 SPVs have been notified from Government of Punjab

at varies IFPs including those where 17 ID Projects are being carried out.

Development of Invest Punjab Business First Portal

The State has developed an online portal namely "Invest Punjab Business First Portal" (IPBFP) which

is a unified electronic portal which would replace multiple electronic interfaces by various regulatory

departments and agencies providing services to the Industries. It provides all regulatory services and

fiscal incentives to the businesses through one common integrated platform and business friendly

service delivery network. This portal is divided into three modules namely Investor Tracker, Fiscal

Incentive and Regulatory Services. 46 regulatory services of 14 departments and 36 fiscal incentives

schemes have been developed in this portal. While developing the portal the recommendations of the

Business Reform Action Plan 2018 released by DIPP, Government of India have been included in the

portal. The IPBFP was successfully launched on 06 November 2018 by Chief Minister, Punjab. To

facilitate the investors in the use of IPBFP, Business Facilitators have been deputed in all the districts

of Punjab.


Subsidised power to industries

In the Financial year 2019-20 total budget of amount Rs.1513 crore has been received under Industrial

Subsidy of PSPCL.

Upgradation of industrial infrastructure

The State has undertaken up-gradation of the Industrial Infrastructure at Ludhiana Phase-IV, Jalandhar

(Old & Expansion), Bathinda (New) and Mandi Gobindgarh at an estimated cost of Rs. 21.84 crore

under Integrated Infrastructure Development Scheme. It is also going to take up up-gradation of the

Industrial Infrastructure in Pathankot, Amritsar (New), Goindwal Sahib and Chanalon, Hoshiarpur,

Nawanshahr, Batala, Kotakpura, Nabha (Old), Moga, Sangrur, Khanna & Derabassi at an estimate cost

of Rs.130.90 crore under the given scheme.

Further, the government of Punjab through PSIEC is in the process of developing a world class state of

the art Hi-Tech Cycle Valley in an area of 383 acres at Dhanansu, District Ludhiana with an approximate

cost of Rs.500.00 crore which would attract new investors not only from within the country but also

overseas. Hero Cycle is setting an Anchor Unit in 100 acres land for the manufacturing of Mobility

Solution like Bi-cycles, E-Bikes etc. to develop the Industrial Park alongwith Ancillary / Vendor Units.

Chapter 4 Services Sector

Introduction

Performance of services sector

Services sector is the largest contributor to State’s GVA. Punjab’s economy over a period of time

moved from being predominantly an agrarian economy to a service sector driven economy. Increasing

income entails the demand for services like transport and communication, banking, tourism, trade, etc.

Consequently, the share of services sector in the economy’s output grows. As mentioned in Chapter 1,

the services sector in Punjab had the largest contribution among all the sectors of the economy36.

Share of services in State’s GVA has witnessed a rise, which is in line with the trend at national

level. The services sector contributed 46.7% to Punjab’s GSVA in 2019-20 (A), growing from 43.8%

in 2011-12. The figures at all India level have, however been higher than that of Punjab during 2011-

36 Throughout the chapter, share has been calculated at current prices and growth rate has been calculated at constant (2011-

12) prices.

The services sector contributed 46.7% to Punjab’s GVA in 2019-20 (A) and employed 40.9% of

the total workforce in 2017-18. The rate of growth of services GSVA outpaced that of the overall

GSVA growth rate between 2012-13 and 2019-20 (A) with the services GSVA growing at an

average of 7.2% while that of the overall GSVA growing at 5.3%. This growth rate has primarily

been driven by the growth in ‘Trade, repair, hotels and restaurants’ sector. This sector contributed

around 23.1% to the overall services sector and grew at a rate of 7.2% in 2019-20 (A), which is the

highest in the category. Within this sector, it is the ‘Trade and Repair Service’ sector which

accounted for 93.6% of the GSVA from ‘Trade, repair, hotels and restaurant’ sector in 2019-20 (A)

and has consistently contributed more than one-fifth to the total services GSVA since 2011-12.

As far as performance of the other sectors is concerned, though the share of hotels and restaurants

is low in the services GSVA, recent years have witnessed a surge in the tourist inflow recording an

impressive growth rate of 29.5% between 2010 and 2018. This surge has primarily been driven by

the domestic tourists with Amritsar accounting for more than 50% of the total tourist inflow. Along

with tourism, transport, telecom and financial services form an integral part of the services economy

within the State. Transport sector contributed 7.0% to services GSVA in 2019-20 (A) mainly driven

by road transport and followed by railways. The state has one of the highest road densities in the

country with more than 90% of the roads being surfaced. It is testimony to the good transport

infrastructure that the state has highest share in inter-state outward movement of wheat and rice

(not in husk) by rail in 2016-17 justifying its position as the granary of India. On the

telecommunication front, while telecom sector contributed 3.6% to services GSVA in 2019-20 (A),

the sector is well developed in the state with wireless tele-density and percentage of internet

subscribers being more than the national average. Financial services are integral for the growth of

any state and in Punjab, this sector contributed a share of 10.7% in services GSVA. The state has a

well distributed network of financial institutions with 18 public sector banks, 14 private sector and

small finance banks, one regional rural bank and one cooperative bank operating in the state. The

credit-deposit ratio in the state is higher than the national benchmark. Banks in Punjab are also

compliant with priority sector lending norms with 61% of their total credit sanctioned to the priority

sectors. Mirroring the trend at national level, the contribution of services sector to State’s GSVA is

expected to increase further with the progress of the economy.


12 to 2019-20 (A). At the national level, the value add from services sector stood at 55.3% of overall

GVA in 2019-20 (A).

Growth rate in Punjab’s services sector has consistently been higher than that of overall GSVA between

2012-13 and 2019-20 (A). During this period, services GSVA grew at an average of 7.2% while the

overall GSVA grew at 5.3%. During the same period, trade, repair, hotels and restaurants witnessed the

highest average annual growth rate of 7.5% followed by real estate, ownership of dwellings and

professional services, which grew at 7.1%.

Trade, repair, hotels and restaurants have the highest contribution towards the value add from

services sector. The composition of the services sector has remained similar over the years with trade,

repair, hotels and restaurants as the leading contributor since 2011-12. Table 24 presents the share of

various sub-sectors in services GSVA for 2019-20 (A). Trade, repair, hotels and restaurants contributed

23.1% towards value add from services, followed by real estate, ownership of dwellings and

professional services with a contribution of 19.8%. Given the significance of light engineering

industries in the State, the emergence of trade and repair services is important. The contribution from

the other sub-sectors such as transport, storage, communication & services related to broadcasting;

financial services; and public administration stood at 11.0%, 10.7% and 10.4% respectively.

Table 24 also presents the growth of the sub-sectors for 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20 (A). It can be

observed that in 2019-20 (A), all the sub-sectors grew at a rate more than the growth rate of overall

GSVA, which was 5.1%.

Table 24: Share and growth of Punjab's Services Sector

Share (in %) Growth (in %)

2019-20 (A) 2017-18 (P) 2018-19 (Q) 2019-20 (A)

Trade, repair, hotels &

restaurants 23.1% 7.1% 6.8% 7.2%

Trade & Repair Service 21.6% 7.0% 6.7% 7.2%

Hotels & Restaurants 1.5% 7.8% 7.4% 7.0%

8.6%

6.7%

7.9%

6.9% 6.7% 6.8% 7.1% 7.0%

4.6%

5.2%

3.9%

5.2%

6.4%6.1%

5.5%5.1%

2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 (R) 2017-18 (P) 2018-19(Q) 2019-20 (A)

Consistent higher growth of services GSVA than that of overall GSVA

Growth of Services' GSVA Growth of overall GSVA


Figure 67: Growth rate of services GSVA and overall GSVA in Punjab

91 Chapter 4: Services Sector

Share (in %) Growth (in %)

2019-20 (A) 2017-18 (P) 2018-19 (Q) 2019-20 (A)

Transport, storage,

communication & services

related to broadcasting

11.0% 5.4% 6.0% 6.4%

Railways 1.2% 4.8% 4.6% 4.9%

Road transport 5.4% 7.7% 7.3% 7.9%

Water transport 0.0% - - -

Air transport 0.1% 11.3% 10.3% 10.6%

Services incidental to transport 0.3% 7.0% 6.7% 6.8%

Storage 0.3% 10.2% 8.1% 6.0%

Communication & Services related

to broadcasting 3.6% 2.0% 4.3% 4.6%

Financial services 10.7% 5.2% 5.6% 5.1%

Real estate, ownership of

dwellings & professional services 19.8% 7.1% 7.3% 7.6%

Public administration 10.4% 7.0% 5.7% 6.2%

Other services 25.1% 7.9% 9.1% 8.0%


Employment scenario in services sector

Punjab has one of the highest proportions of workforce

in the services sector among select states37. Given that

Punjab has high per-capita income, the states belonging

to top three deciles in terms of per-capita income of

2018-19 are selected. The Periodic Labour Force

Survey data for 2017-18 shows that the services sector

provides employment to 41% of workforce in Punjab

(Figure 68) as against 31% at the national level. Among the sub-sectors, trade, hotels and restaurants

employ the highest proportion of workforce. In search of better opportunity, there is a shift of workforce

from agriculture to service sector as well.

37 Throughout the chapter, select states include Andhra Pradesh, Gujrat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Punjab,

Tamil Nadu and Telangana

2nd

Punjab’s rank among

comparable states in terms of

workforce in services sector


Figure 68: Percentage of workforce in services sector for select states

Punjab provides a strong ecosystem of IT services with the presence of around 150 IT enterprises

in varied fields like software development, cloud computing, business intelligence, website

development, etc. The State recorded INR 820 crores of IT exports in 2017-18. IT sector in the

State is primarily driven by the Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) at Mohali, while

another STPI at Amritsar is under construction and is expected to act as a catalyst for the

promotion of IT industry in the State. STPI Mohali was established in 1998 and employs more

than 35,000 professionals. It is equipped with state-of-the-art infrastructure and ensures a

progressive business environment.

From the supply side, six Multi-Skill Development Centers have been commissioned in the cities

of Ludhiana, Amritsar, Bathinda, Hoshiarpur and Anandpur which have trained more than 6,000

students in IT and allied fields. A table on the number of students graduating per year from various

technical institutions in Punjab has been provided below:

Type of Technical

Institution Number Number of Students

Engineering 102 45,013

Polytechnic 193 66,495

ITIs 369 70,000

The IT sector in Punjab has great potential for income and employment generation and the

incentives provided by the State government are targeted towards providing a thrust to the sector.

Some of the notable incentives provided to the sector are as follows:

➢ 1st state in India to reimburse percentage of net GST for inter and intra state sales

➢ Employment Subsidy of up to Rs. 48,000 per employee per year for 5 years

➢ 100% exemption on Electricity Duty for 10 years, Stamp Duty, CLU/EDC and Property

Tax for 10 years

Source: Invest Punjab ((http://www.investpunjab.gov.in/Static/itandits_sector))

Box 14: Software Technology Parks - driving IT growth in Punjab

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey, 2017-18

4941 39 37 34 34 33 31 30 30

Em

plo

ym

ent

per

centa

ge

(in %

)

Punjab has one of the highest percentage of workforce in services sector

among comparable states


Figure 69: Distribution of workforce within the services sector in Punjab (2017-18)

Trade, repair, hotels and restaurants employ the highest percentage of workforce within the

services sector (Figure 69). Trade & repair services and hotels & restaurants together employ 41% of

the total workforce within the services sector. Other services which include education services, health

services, entertainment, etc. is the next major employer with 30% of the workforce engaged in these

services. Transport & storage and communication services is another major sector employing around

13% of the total workforce within the services sector.

Trade and repair

Trade and repair service contribute the highest to the value add from services in Punjab. As presented

in Figure 70, trade and repair accounts for 94% of the GSVA from the trade, repair, hotels and

restaurants. This sub-sector has consistently contributed more than one- fifth towards services GSVA

since 2011-12 (Figure 71). Despite a fluctuating year-over-year (YoY) growth, this sub-sector has

remained the leading contributor towards services since 2011-12. The Periodic Labour Force Survey

94% 6%

Trade &

Repair

Service

Hotels &

Restaurants

23%


Share of trade, repair, hotels and restaurants in

services GSVA

Composition of trade, repair, hotels and

restaurants sub-sector


Figure 70: Composition of trade, repair, hotels and restaurants, 2019-20 (A)

41.0%

13.2%4.0%

4.9%

6.8%

30.0%

Trade, repair, hotels and restaurants is the major employer within services

sector

Trade, repair, hotels & restaurants

Transport, storage,

communication & services related

to broadcastingFinancial services


dwellings & professional services

Public administration


data for 2017-18 shows that 15.2% of total workforce in Punjab was employed in wholesale & retail

trade and repair services, one of the highest among all states in India.

Inter-State Trade of Goods

Punjab had the highest share in total inter-state outward

movement of wheat and rice (not in husk) by rail in

2016-17 justifying its position as the ‘granary of India’.

As per the data on inter-state movement of goods by

rail (2016-17) released by Ministry of Commerce and

Industry, Punjab contributes 49% and 41% towards the

inter-state outward movement of wheat and rice

respectively. Other major items exported by Punjab to other Indian states include cement and mineral

products. Major items imported by Punjab from other Indian states include coal & coke, fertilisers and

iron & steel (Table 25).

The State is, however, a net importer of goods, with the inward flow of goods marginally higher than

the outward flow. Punjab is a net exporter in terms of inter-state trade of goods by air, with majority of

its items (quantity-wise) exported to Delhi and Maharashtra.

Table 25: Major items of inward and outward inter-state trade (by rail) for Punjab, 2016-17

Inward Trade Outward Trade

Major Items Quantity

(Quintals) Share Major Items

Quantity

(Quintals) Share

Coal & Coke 142,291,036 55.2% Wheat 116,166,890 47.4%

Fertilisers &

Chemical Manure 28,849,558 11.2% Rice (not in husk) 77,714,350 31.7%

21.3% 22.0% 22.6% 22.4% 21.8% 21.9% 21.7% 21.6% 21.6%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

(R)

2017-18

(P)

2018-19

(Q)

2019-20

(A)

Trade and Repair has consistently contributed more than one-fifth towards

services GSVA, despite a fluctuating YoY growth

Share of Trade & Repair in Services GSVA YoY growth rate in Trade & Repair


Punjab is the largest inter-state

exporter of wheat and rice

(not in husk) by rail

Figure 71: Share and year-over-year growth rate of trade and repair services in Punjab


Inward Trade Outward Trade

Major Items Quantity

(Quintals) Share Major Items

Quantity

(Quintals) Share

Iron & Steel 20,130,980 7.8% Cement 16,871,090 6.9%

Cement 15,614,658 6.1% Mineral Oils and

Products 9,742,440 4.0%

Mineral Oils and

Products 8,499,339 3.3%

Fertilisers & Chemical

Manure 1,878,690 0.8%

Source: Inter-state movement of goods by rail, Ministry of Commerce and Industry

Tourism

Widely acknowledged as the cradle of civilization38, Punjab is known for its ethnic and cultural

wealth. With its temples, forts, memorials, museums, fairs and festivals, Punjab has a lot to offer to

tourists. Tourism augments regional development and stimulates trade, income and entrepreneurship,

thereby boosting economic growth.

The share of hotels

and restaurants to

GSVA from services

is relatively lower as

compared to other

sectors. The average

share of ‘hotels and

restaurants’ sub-sector

stood at around 1.4% of

GSVA from services

sector between 2011-

12 and 2019-20 (A).

The growth rate in the

sub-sector has also

witnessed a fluctuating

trend during this

period. While the sub-

sector grew at 9.3% in

2016-17(R), the

growth rate moderated in the following years (Figure 72).

38 Punjab Tourism (http://punjabtourism.gov.in/#/home)

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

Relatively lower share of hotels and restaurants in GSVA

from services coupled with a fluctuating growth rate

Share of Hotels & Restaurants in Services GSVA

YoY growth rate in Hotels and Restaurants (RH-Axis)

Figure 72: Share of hotels and restaurants in services GSVA and year-

over-year growth rate


http://punjabtourism.gov.in/#/home


Investment Opportunities

Develop, upgrade and operate the

tourism properties on PPP mode

Reuse of heritage properties as

hotels, museums, etc.

Local arts and crafts

promotion

Establishment of theme parks, eco-

tourism parks and amusement

parks

Establishment of hotels and

tourism facilities

Figure 73: Investment opportunities in Punjab tourism

Source: Invest Punjab (http://investpunjab.gov.in/Static/Tourism)

On World Tourism Day i.e. 27th of September (2019), Government of Punjab announced numerous

initiatives with dual objectives of attracting tourists and empowering youth of the State by generating

employment opportunities.

Employment for youth – The State Government announced to create 10,000 self-employment

opportunities for youth in tourism sector. Renovation of properties of Tourism Department into world

class tourist attractions - this include 15 properties of the Tourism Department, located in beautiful

natural locations which have the potential to attract tourists from all over the world. Promotion of Farm

Tourism – Farm tourism acts as a gateway for urban dwellers to break away from the humdrum of life

and relax and revitalize in a pure natural environment. Launch of high-end Bed & Breakfast Scheme –

With an objective of providing comfortable home stay facilities in and around tourist destinations,

Government of Punjab launched the Bed & Breakfast Scheme by inviting home-owners to join the

scheme. This would give an opportunity to domestic and international tourists to experience the

tradition and culture of Punjab and savour Punjabi cuisine. This also opens up an additional source of

income for households who have properties of suitable size and requisite standards.

Other activities – Heritage walks in Amritsar and Patiala were organised on this day which witnessed

participation from students and visitors. A batch of 27 tour guides and tourist operators has also been

started, who are trained in collaboration with the Guru Nanak Dev University to facilitate foreign

tourists visiting the State.

Source: Directorate of Information and Public Relations, Govt. of Punjab

Box 15: Initiatives announced by Government of Punjab on World Tourism Day to promote the tourism

sector in the State

http://investpunjab.gov.in/Static/Tourism


Investment in tourism infrastructure can expedite growth in the sector as well as generate

employment. Gifted with a varied and rich culture, Punjab offers enormous opportunities for

development of tourism across sub-sectors. Various forms of tourism – cultural, religious, eco-tourism,

rural tourism, etc. have witnessed significant growth and contributed towards the State’s value add. The

development of infrastructure for tourists has enormous potential for income and employment

generation and the tourism policies implemented by the State are targeted towards the same.

Growth of Tourists

Investment in tourism has led to the development of the sector with an increase in both domestic and

foreign tourists. Punjab tourism has witnessed good expansion in the recent years with the overall tourist

inflow in the State growing at an impressive rate of 29.5% between 2010 and 2018. The tourism sector

is however, largely driven by domestic tourists (from within and outside the State). Around 445 lac

domestic tourists and 12 lac foreign tourists visited the State in 2018 (Figure 74 and Figure 75)

registering a growth rate of 10.7% and 8.3% respectively over the previous year. Punjab attained 7th

position at the national level in terms of foreign tourist visits during 2018 (Table 26). The growth in the

sector is sustained by investments from the State Government as well as assistance provided by Asian

Figure 75: Number of domestic tourists in Punjab (Jan-Dec)

Source: Punjab Tourism (http://punjabtourism.gov.in/Punjab.html#/StatisticsSurveys)

-

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

No

. o

f d

om

esti

c to

uri

sts

(in l

acs)

Figure 74: Number of foreign tourists in Punjab (Jan-Dec)

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

No

. o

f fo

reig

n t

ouri

sts

(in

lacs

)


http://punjabtourism.gov.in/Punjab.html#/StatisticsSurveys



Development Bank through Infrastructure Development Investment Program for Tourism (IDIPT)

project (Punjab State Tourism Policy, 2018).

Table 26: Share of top 10 States/UTs of India in Number of foreign tourist visits in 2018

Rank State/UT Foreign Tourist Visits in 2018

Number Percentage Share (%)

1 Tamil Nadu 60,74,345 21.0

2 Maharashtra* 50,78,514 17.6

3 Uttar Pradesh 37,80,752 13.1

4 Delhi* 27,40,502 9.5

5 Rajasthan 17,54,348 6.1

6 West Bengal 16,17,105 5.6

7 Punjab 12,00,969 4.2

8 Kerala 10,96,407 3.8

9 Bihar 10,87,971 3.8

10 Goa 9,33,841 3.2

Total of Top 10 2,53,64,754 87.9

Others 35,07,630 12.1

Total 2,88,72,384 100.0

Source: India Tourism Statistics at a Glance – 2019 (Ministry of Tourism)

Note: *Data pertains to 2017

Amritsar accounts for more than half of total tourist footfall in the State. Table 27 shows that

number of tourists (both domestic and foreign) in Amritsar account for more than 50% of the total

tourist inflow in the State. Inextricably linked with the history of Sikhism, Amritsar is revered for the

Golden Temple. Among other tourist attractions, Jallianwala Bagh and Wagah border ceremony are the

prominent ones. Ludhiana, S.A.S. Nagar and Jalandhar are among other districts with significant tourist

footfall. Amritsar is also one of the 12 cities in India which have been included under HRIDAY scheme

(Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana) with an objective to conserve the historic and

cultural resources in the city.

Table 27: Tourist footfall in Amritsar vis-a-vis Punjab

Year No. of tourists in Amritsar No. of tourists in

Punjab

Amritsar’s share in

State’s tourist

footfall

2011 11096952 16567596 67%

2012 10072719 19119943 53%

2013 12058034 21544962 56%

2014 15368340 24526751 63%


Year No. of tourists in Amritsar No. of tourists in

Punjab

Amritsar’s share in

State’s tourist

footfall

2015 16924412 26038728 65%

2016 25462627 39363061 65%

2017 25978495 41401987 63%

2018 26935017 45796030 59%


Transport

Overview

With an average contribution of 7.3% to GSVA from services between 2011-12 and 2019-20 (A),

the transport sector has emerged as an integral part of the State’s economy. Transport services in

the State consists of three modes

of transportation – (a) railways (b)

road and (c) air. As Punjab is a

landlocked state, bordered by

Jammu & Kashmir to the North,

Himachal Pradesh to the East,

Haryana to the South and South-

East, Rajasthan towards South-

West and Pakistan to the West, the

scope of water transport in the

State is restricted. Characterised

by a fluctuating trend, the average

growth rate of the transport sector

between 2012-13 and 2019-20 (A)

stood at 6.7%. The value add from

the transport sector was INR 16,

782.30 crores (in current prices) in

2019-20 (A).

The transport sector in Punjab

is driven by road transport, followed by railways. Road transport, on an average, accounted for

74.8% of the value add from transport between 2011-12 and 2019-20 (A). The average year-over-year

growth rate for road transport has been 7.4% between 2012-13 and 2019-20 (A), while that for railways

and air transport stood at 4.0% and 36.2% respectively.

The contribution of road and air transport to the GVA from transport sector has witnessed a rise over

the years, while that of railways has declined (Figure 76). The composition of GVA under transport has

undergone a change over the past few years. The contribution of railways, road and air transport to the

GSVA from transport stood at 22.4%, 73.5% and 0.3% respectively in 2011-12. However, in 2019-20

(A), the share of railways decreased to 17.0% while that of road and air transport increased to 76.7%

and 1.3% respectively. A fluctuating trend could be observed in the growth rate of all the modes of

transportation during 2012-13 and 2019-20 (A). The growth rate for railways varied between 20.2%

Figure 76: Composition of transport sector's GVA in Punjab


Road and Air transport witness a growth in share

Railways Road Air Services incidental to transport

2019-20 (A)

2011-12



and -12.7% while that of air transport varied between 177.1% and -19.0%. The year-on-year growth for

road transport has however been relatively stable, varying between 9.0% and 5.9% during this period.

Transport Infrastructure

Roads

Road network is the backbone of the transport sector in the State. Its dominance is further

established by the fact that other modes of transportation like railways depend on it for their first/last

mile linkages. Upgradation of the existing infrastructure is thereby significant to the State for continued

economic growth.

Development of roads in Punjab is handled by four institutions: (i) The national highways are looked

after by the Government of India, (ii) the state highways by the State Public Works Department (PWD),

(iii) town roads by the Municipal bodies and (iv) the rural roads partly by PWD and partly by the Rural

Development Department and Punjab Mandi Board39. It has however been observed that involvement

of multiple institutions at all levels of governance catering to different aspects of the transport sector

adversely affects planning and policy decisions.

More than 90% of Punjab’s roads were surfaced as on 31st March 2017 (Figure 77). Also, Punjab

has one of the highest road densities among select states (Figure 78).

The State had a total road length of 1,39,493 kms by the end of 2016-17. Road length witnessed an

increase by 29% over the previous year, primarily driven by expansion in rural roads. Rural roads had

a share of 72% in total road length by March 2017, followed by urban roads and district roads which

accounted for 13% and 5% of total road length respectively. Punjab had 2,769 kms of National

39 TERI (2015) Green Growth in Transport Sector in Punjab

95% 93% 90%83% 79%

71% 70% 68%61%

Har

yan

a

Pu

nja

b

Gu

jara

t

Tam

iln

adu

Mah

aras

htr

a

Ker

ala

An

dhra

Pra

des

h

Tel

angan

a

Kar

nat

aka

More than 90% of Punjab's roads are

surfaced

Source: Basic Road Statistics of India (2016-17), Ministry of

Road Transport and Highways, GoI

619

277

203 201 188 184

92

Ker

ala

Pu

nja

b

Mah

aras

htr

a

Tam

il N

adu

Kar

nat

aka

Har

yan

a

Gu

jara

t

Punjab ranks 2nd among select states

in terms of road density

Source: Basic Road Statistics of India, Ministry of Road

Transport and Highways, GoI

Figure 77: Surfaced roads as percentage of total

roads

Figure 78: Road density per 100 sq.km. (in km.)


Highways and 1,103 kms of State Highways. The road length of various road types is presented in Table

28.

Table 28: Length of different types of roads in Punjab

Type of Road Length (in Kms)

as on 31.03.2016 as on 31.03.2017

National Highways 2,769 2,769

State Highways 1,133 1,103

District Roads 6,930 6,980

Urban Roads 17,534 17,868

Rural Roads 70,362 101,123

Project Roads 9,651 9,650

Total 108,379 139,493

Source: Basic Road Statistics of India, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Government of India

Motor vehicle registrations recorded 7.9% growth in 2017-18 over previous year. As on 31st March

2018, Punjab had 106.22 lac registered motor vehicles as compared to that of 98.42 lac on 31st March,

2017. The increase was enormous especially in the case of two-wheelers and maxi cabs. This may be

attributed to the increasing income level of the people and easy availability of these vehicles. Among

the districts of the State,

Ludhiana, Jalandhar and

Amritsar (in descending

order) have the highest

number of registered motor

vehicles.

The composition of motor

vehicle registration indicates

the dominance of two-

wheelers (Figure 79). With an

annual growth rate of 8.1% in

2017-18 over the previous

year, two-wheelers accounted

for 76.1% of the total volume

of motor vehicles followed by

light motor vehicles (9.8%)

and goods vehicles (2.6%).

The vehicle density in the

State has increased manifold

over the years with an

increasing share of

personalised vehicles. This

raises serious concern about problems of congestion, parking, air pollution, road accidents, etc. Hence,

it is important to control this vehicle growth and shift from personalised to public transport modes to

ensure a greener and more livable environment in the State.

0.5% 9.8%

1.1%

76.1%

2.6%

0.1%9.7% Buses

Light Motor Vehicles

Three Wheelers

Two Wheelers

Goods Vehicles

Maxi Cab

Others

Figure 79: Distribution of motor vehicles in Punjab as on

31.03.2018

Source: Statistical Abstract of Punjab


Railways

Railway network in Punjab is well-

developed with 2,765 running track

kms. accounting for 2.9% of total

railway network in India. In terms of

rail density, Punjab fares better than

its comparable states with 55 running

tracks kms per 1000 sq. km. (Figure

80). Punjab is also a part of the Eastern

Dedicated Freight Corridor (EDFC),

which is an 1,839 km. long freight line

extending from Ludhiana in Punjab to

Dankuni in West Bengal. The

construction of the EDFC has opened

up several trade opportunities in the

State and has benefitted industries,

which rely on railways for

transportation.

Civil Aviation

Development, promotion and regulation of Civil Aviation in the State comes under the purview of

Department of Civil Aviation. Services provided by the Department include setting up of new air-strips,

aerodromes and airports, grant of financial aid to flying and gliding clubs, purchase, maintenance and

disposal of State Government aircrafts, helicopters, etc. At present there are five airports in the State

located in Amritsar, Bhatinda, Ludhiana, Pathankot and Patiala. Sri Guru Ram Das Jee Airport in

Amritsar is an international airport which provides connectivity to major Indian cities like Ahmedabad,

Bangalore, Coimbatore, Delhi, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Pune, Srinagar, etc. and foreign destinations like

Kuala Lumpur, Birmingham, London, Dubai, Doha, Singapore, Tashkent, etc.

Telecom

57 55

44 42

32

2723

Har

yan

a

Pun

jab

Ker

ala

Tam

il N

adu

Gu

jara

t

Mah

aras

htr

a

Kar

nat

aka

Rail Density per 1000 sq. km.

Figure 80: Rail Density across states by end of 2017-18 (in

km.)

Source: Indian Railways Yearbook, 2017-18 Note: Density has been

calculated in terms of running track kms per 1000 sq. km.

Source: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (The Indian Telecom Services Performance Indicators, Apr-Jun 2019)

124.75

77.53

188.22

88.50

56.68

156.42

Total Rural Urban

Wireless tele-density

Punjab India

75.11

41.69

114.84

50.52

26.57

101.63

Total Rural Urban

Internet Subscribers per 100 population

Punjab India

Figure 81: Key telecom indicators - Punjab vis-a-vis India


With a GVA of Rs. 8,533.30 crores40, the contribution of ‘communication and services related to

broadcasting’ to GSVA from services stood at 3.6% in 2019-20 (A). The average share of this sub-

sector to GSVA from services was 4.1% between 2012-13 and 2019-20 (A) having grown at an average

rate of 7.2% during the same period.

The telecom sector in Punjab is relatively at a developed stage with a higher wireless tele-density and

internet subscribers per 100 population as compared to national average (Figure 81). Tele-density,

which denotes the number of telephone connections per 100 population is an indicator of telecom

penetration in the State. Statistics by Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) show that wireless

tele-density in Punjab is 124.75 as compared to 88.50 at the national level. Similarly, internet

subscribers per 100 population of the State is 75.11 in comparison to the national average of 50.52. The

State fares better than the national average in terms of the above mentioned indicators in both rural and

urban areas, however significant urban-rural differences exist in the State both for tele-density and

internet subscription.

Table 29: Telecommunication status of Punjab and India as on 30 June, 2019

Indicator

Punjab India

Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban

Wireless tele-density (%) 124.75 77.53 188.22 88.50 56.68 156.42

Wireline tele-density (%) 1.93 0.90 3.32 1.61 0.32 4.36

Overall tele-density (%) 126.68 78.43 191.54 90.11 57.00 160.78

Wireless subscribers (millions) 37.36 13.31 24.04 1165.46 508.19 657.27

Wireline subscribers (millions) 0.58 0.15 0.42 21.17 2.85 18.31

Total subscribers (millions) 37.94 13.47 24.47 1186.63 511.05 675.58

Broadband subscribers (millions) 22.13 6.42 15.71 594.59 202.85 391.74

Narrowband subscribers (millions) 1.90 0.82 1.08 70.73 35.42 35.31

Total internet subscribers (millions) 24.04 7.25 16.79 665.31 238.26 427.05

Internet subscribers per 100 population 75.11 41.69 114.84 50.52 26.57 101.63

Source: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (The Indian Telecom Services Performance Indicators, Apr-Jun 2019)

40 in current prices


Financial services

Rising income necessitates the demand for financial services which include professional services

like savings, payments, insurance, credit and management of money and assets. In Punjab,

financial services accounted for a share of 10.7% in GSVA from services in 2019-20 (A). With an

average growth rate of 4.6% between 2012-13 and 2019-20 (A), the GSVA from the sub-sector stood

at Rs. 25,479.56 crores (in current prices) in 2019-20 (A).

Financial sector plays a vital role in the overall growth of an economy and financial institutions

are an important constituent of this sector. The extent of availability and quality of financial services

in a state depends on the infrastructure of financial institutions present in the state. A financial institution

provides a wide variety of deposit, credit and investment products to both, individuals and businesses.

Banks, insurance firms, brokerage firms are some of the major types of financial institutions with banks

playing a pivotal role in mobilising public savings and ensuring easy availability of credit for investors

and borrowers.

Punjab’s Banking Profile

As on September 2019, Punjab has 18 public sector banks, 14 private sector and small finance

banks, 1 regional rural bank and 1 cooperative bank with a total of 7181 branches. The average

Source: Statistical Abstract of Punjab, 2019

45%

29%

26%

Rural areas have the largest share of

bank branches

Rural

Suburban

Urban 60%23%

6% 11%

Public Sector Banks have the highest

number of bank branches

Public Sector

Bank

Private Sector

and Small

Finance Bank

Regional

Rural Bank

Cooperative

Bank

Figure 82: Distribution of bank branches by region and category in Punjab

Source: Punjab Banking Profile, SLBC, Punjab

172

134116

8855 46 46 45 44 42

Presence of a strong banking network in Punjab

Figure 83: Number of commercial bank branches per thousand sq. km. of area as on 31 December

2018


population served by a bank branch is 4,26441. The distribution of these branches by region as well as

by category has been provided in Figure 82. It is evident that rural bank branches dominate in terms of

number with 45% of the total branches located in rural areas. Further, public sector bank branches

constitute 60% (4280 branches) of total branches with 1629 branches in rural areas and 1348 and 1303

branches in suburban and urban areas respectively.

Punjab has one of the highest number of commercial bank branches among the select states

(Figure 83). A strong banking network not only promotes financial inclusion, but also enables

diversification of economic activities and productive investment as it facilitates mobilisation of public

savings.

Deposits and Credit by Banks

Total deposits of Scheduled Commercial Banks in Punjab increased in 2018 while total credit

witnessed a fall. Deposits and credit by banks is an indicator of flow of money in the economy.

Moreover, total credit by banks indicate the credit needs for agriculture, industry, individual consumer,

etc. Total deposits of scheduled commercial banks in Punjab increased by 5.1% in 2018 over 2017,

however the total credit sanctioned decreased by 3.2% in 2018 over the previous year despite credit to

agriculture, industry and individual consumers witnessing a rise.

Credit-Deposit (CD) ratio, which is the proportion of loan sanctioned by banks from the deposits

it receives has been higher than the national benchmark. High ratio indicates banks are generating

more credit from its deposits and vice versa. The national benchmark for CD ratio in India is maintained

at 60. In Punjab, the CD ratio for 2017 and 2018 was maintained at 71.2 and 68.3 respectively for

Scheduled Commercial Banks. However, comparison of credit-deposit ratio during the period 2014-

2018 with other high-income states reveals that credit-deposit ratio is substantially higher in other states

such as Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telengana, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Haryana, and Karnataka.

Table 30: Banking indicators for Scheduled Commercial Banks in Punjab (as on end-March and in

Rs. billion)

Indicators 2017 2018 Change (in %)

Total Deposit 3310 3478 5.1%

Total Credit 2283 2209 -3.2%

Credit-Deposit Ratio by Place of Utilisation (in %) 71.2 68.3 NA

Total Credit to Agriculture 664 711 7.1%

Total Credit to Industry 651 706 8.4%

Total Personal Loans 356 429 20.5%

Source: Handbook of Statistics on Indian States, RBI

Various government initiatives

Road Transport

Upgradation of Road Transport: Government of Punjab has taken initiatives to upgrade the existing

infrastructure of Punjab Roadways. Initiatives have also been taken for computerization of Transport

41 Population figures provided by MOSPI for 2018-19


Department, replacement of old buses and purchase of recovery vans, construction of new bus stands

at Sirhind and Bathinda, renovation of International Bus Terminal at Youth Hostel of Amritsar.

Collaboration with development agencies: Government of Punjab has collaborated with World Bank

and NABARD for improving road infrastructure which includes construction of new roads, widening

of existing road network, construction of bridges, etc.

Civil Aviation

Upgradation of civil aviation infrastructure: The runway at Chandigarh International Airport is being

upgraded and its length is being extended to 10,500 ft. to handle wide bodied aircraft. Apart from this,

CAT III B ILS system is also being installed to handle aircrafts during low visibility conditions.

The Punjab State Aeronautical Engineering College has been established at Patiala under Rashtriya

Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan scheme. The admission process has commenced from the academic session

2018.

Under the Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS), the Government of Punjab has signed MoUs with the

Government of India to provide concessions/support to airline operators to start flights from Ludhiana,

Bathinda, Pathankot and Adampur. Flights under the scheme have already started from all 4 locations.

Tourism

Promotion of tourism and development of tourism infrastructure: Initiatives have been taken for

creation of brand image and promotional campaigns through print and electronic media, Organisation

of road shows and development of interactive website. A corpus fund has also been created for district

level tourism and promotion of heritage societies. Government of Punjab has also collaborated with

Asian Development Bank for the development of tourism infrastructure within the State.

Chapter 5 Urban Development

Urbanisation in Punjab

Overview

In Cities and the Wealth of Nations, Jane Jacobs said “cities, not countries, are the constituent elements

of a developing economy and have been so from the dawn of civilization”. What Jacob meant by that

is not surprising to many in this age as cities are truly the ‘engines of economic growth’. However, it is

important to note that – cities are not the product of nature. Cities can be built which means the engine

can be expanded to meet the ambition of

young population of our country. In turn, that

would propel growth as well as prosperity.

Punjab is more urbanized than many parts of

India therefore it shares the prosperity with a

larger populace than with a narrow set of

population.

Urbanisation in Punjab is higher than that

at the national level. Urbanisation, defined as

the proportion of total population living in

urban areas, grew from 33.9% in 2001 to

37.5% in 2011 in Punjab. Figure 84 shows that

urbanisation in Punjab has been higher than

that at the national level in 2011 following

similar trends to 2001 and 1991. While 27.8%

Figure 84:Urban population as percentage of total

population in Punjab vis-a-vis India

30.0%33.9%

37.5%

26.0% 27.8%31.1%

1991 2001 2011

Higher urbanisation in Punjab as compared to

national level

Punjab India

Source: Census of India (various years)

Urbanisation goes hand-in-hand with economic progress. Urban areas are more suitable for high

value sectors like services and industry, given the higher income and purchasing power of residents,

availability of skillset and other infrastructural requirements.

Rate of urbanisation in Punjab has been higher than all India level. About 37% of the population

resides in urban areas in Punjab in 2011 as compared to 31% at the national level. Assessment of

quality of life in urban Punjab highlights that Punjab performs better in comparison to other states

(with similar per-capita income) in access to basic services. All ULBs in Punjab have been declared

open-defecation free (ODF) and progress has been made on waste collection and waste segregation.

Similarly, schemes like Tandarust Punjab has helped it in achieving better health related outcomes.

As per the Smart cities ranking by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs in 2018, three smart cities,

Ludhiana, Amritsar and Jalandhar ranked 35, 76 and 77 respectively out of 111 cities in India. All

three cities performed well on economy and employment pillar. Ludhiana performed well on housing

conditions, open spaces, pollution, transportation, land use, and power supply. In case of Amritsar

and Jalandhar, progress can be made on governance, power supply, water supply, solid waste

management.

There are 167 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in Punjab. Analysis of ULB finances highlights that the

total revenue of the ULBs has increased from Rs. 2,377 crores in 2011-12 to Rs. 3,119 crores in

2016-17. Further analysis indicates that the percentage share of tax revenue in total revenue of

ULBs has increased from 58.0% in 2011-12 to 68.8% in 2016-17, and the proportion of non-tax

revenue slid from 16.8% in 2011-12 to 14.5% during 2016-17. Apart from domestic revenue

mobilisation and transfers from state and centre, ULBs may also venture into other sources of

raising funds like municipal bonds and pool financing.


of India’s population lived in urban areas in 2001, the proportion of population living in urban areas

stood at 31.1% in 2011.

It is to be noted that the growth in urban female population has been higher than of urban male

population (Table 31). Urban female population in Punjab increased from 3,794,062 in 2001 to

4,853,157 in 2011 at a growth rate of 27.9% as against the growth rate of 24.1% for urban male

population during the same period. Further, the rise in urban population, for both males and females, is

driven by rural-urban migration. Following sections provide some possible explanation for rural-urban

migration in Punjab.

In Punjab, males primarily migrate

from rural to urban areas in search

of employment opportunities with

females primarily migrating due to

marital reasons. Census 2011

indicates that 79.4 million people

migrated from rural to urban areas at

the national level. The figure for

Punjab stood at 2.0 million thereby

contributing 2.6% to total rural-urban

migrants. Figure 85 highlights that 46.0% of the total male population migrated from rural to urban

areas in search of better opportunities for work/employment, while 52.3% of total female migrants

moved due to marital reasons. Similarly, at all India level, 45.1% of total male migrants moved in search

of employment opportunities and 51.8% of total female migrants moved after their marriage. Thus, it

can be observed that people have similar reasons for migration from rural to urban area, both in Punjab

and at the national level.

Table 31: Decadal growth rate in urban population, 2001-

2011

Category India Punjab

Total 31.8% 25.9%

Male 29.8% 24.1%

Female 34.0% 27.9%

Source: Census of India, 2001 and 2011

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Punjab India Punjab India

Male Female

Economic opportunity for males and marriage for females could explain rural-

urban migration

Work/Employment Business Education Marriage

Moved after birth Moved with household Others


Figure 85: Reasons for rural-urban migration by gender, 2011

46% 45% 52% 52%

109 Chapter 5: Urban Development

More than half of Punjab’s urban population is concentrated in four districts. Table 32 presents

the top five districts of Punjab in 2011 with the highest share in State’s urban population. It is evident

that more than half of Punjab’s urban population resides in the districts of Ludhiana, Amritsar, Jalandhar

and Patiala. Apart from better amenities and employment opportunities provided by these urban centres,

the development of the Amritsar-Kolkata industrial corridor along Amritsar, Ludhiana and Jalandhar is

one of the compelling reasons for people to migrate to these cities. In fact, these four districts

experienced one of the highest rural-urban migration in Punjab with 45.3% of total rural-urban migrants

opting to migrate to these cities. In order to cater to the needs of the growing urban population,

Ludhiana, Amritsar and Jalandhar have been awarded the status of Smart Cities which would enhance

infrastructure facilities in these cities.

Table 32: Top five districts with highest

share in State’s urban population,

2011

Non-uniform distribution of urban

population is likely to strain existing

infrastructure facilities in urban centres.

The urban population in various categories of towns of Punjab has been presented in Table 33. It

highlights that Class I towns hold the majority (58%) of urban population. Thus, the rising urbanisation

in the State follows a non-uniform trend which is likely to continue and thereby demand for continuous

upgradation and augmentation of existing facilities like housing, water supply, power, sewerage, solid

waste management, etc. At the same time, it is to be acknowledged that Government of Punjab is

upgrading the facilities in rural clusters in terms of providing all urban amenities as well as enhancing

the facilities that are available in smaller towns.

Table 33: Cities/Towns in Punjab as per Census categories, 2011

Cities/Towns category Urban Population

2001 2011

Class I (Population 100,000 and above) 48,19,089 60,63,248

Class II (Population 50,000 to 99,999) 13,14,224 16,77,646

Rank District Share in State’s

Urban Population

1 Ludhiana 19.9%

2 Amritsar 12.8%

3 Jalandhar 11.2%

4 Patiala 7.3%

5 Gurdaspur 6.3%


Note: Map not to scale

Figure 86: Spatial distribution of urban population

in Punjab, 2011 (in %)


Cities/Towns category Urban Population

2001 2011

Class III (Population 20,000 to 49,999) 10,82,085 13,52,294

Class IV (Population 10,000 to 19,999) 8,10,753 8,82,071

Class V (Population 5,000 to 9,999) 2,13,410 3,48,406

Class VI (Population below 5,000) 22,950 75,481

Total 82,62,511 1,03,99,146

Source: Memorandum to 15th Finance Commission, Government of Punjab

Migration and its implications

As presented in Figure 87 , there is no specific pattern between urbanisation rate and per-capita income

across districts of Punjab. The relationship is not very straightforward. This indicates that people occupy

city space not only due to economic reasons. There could be varied reasons like better healthcare,

education, infrastrucurre facilities etc. While it demands a much detailed and granular study, it certainly

shows economic prospertiy is not the sole driver of urbanisation.

Figure 87: Per-capita income and urbanisation rate (%) in districts of Punjab

So far as migration is concerned, the willingness to shift from agriculture to service or industry sector,

amenities that urban clusters provide as well as modernity that impact the public psyche through

numerous ways are some of the factors for rural-urban migration. Such migration may have a positive

impact as it would invariably lead to a better quality of life. However, it would also demand higher

public expenditure on urban development.

Gurdaspur

Kapurthala

Jalandhar

Hoshiarpur

SBS Nagar

Fatehgarh Sahib

Ludhiana

Moga

FirozpurMuktsar

FaridkotBathinda

Mansa

Patiala

Amritsar

Tarn Taran

Rupnagar

SAS Nagar

SangrurBarnala

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105

Urb

anis

atio

n r

ate

(%)

Per-capita income in Rs. thousands

Source: Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab and Census of India, 2011


Slum Habitations

As highlighted in the previous section, rural people migrate to urban areas in search of both formal and

informal employment opportunities. Informal job opportunities include domestic help, construction site

work, etc. However, due to a combination of factors like sub-standard wages and lack of affordable

housing facilities, migrants resort to informal settlements and live in unhygienic and often polluted

areas, which lack basic amenities like clean drinking water and sanitation. As more people join, a whole

community of informal settlers emerges, thereby giving rise to slum habitations.

In tandem with national scenario, Punjab too faces the problem of slum habitation. With 1.4 million

people living in slum areas, the percentage of slum dwellers is 5.3% of Punjab’s total population, very

similar to 5.4% at the national level (Figure 88).

SDG Indicator 1.4.1: Proportion of population living in households with

basic facilities

SDG Indicator 7.1.1: Proportion of population with access to electricity

SDG indicator 1.4.1 and 7.1.1 refers to the proportion of population living in households with basic

facilities and proportion of population with access to electricity. Table 34 provides data on households

with basic facilities in urban areas of Punjab and comparable states. Data on percentage of households

with electricity is also provided.

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

AN

DH

RA

PR

AD

ES

H

PU

DU

CH

ER

RY

DE

LH

I

MA

HA

RA

SH

TR

A

CH

AN

DIG

AR

H

TA

MIL

NA

DU

MA

DH

YA

PR

AD

ES

H

CH

HA

TT

ISG

AR

H

MIZ

OR

AM

WE

ST

BE

NG

AL

HA

RY

AN

A

KA

RN

AT

AK

A

JAM

MU

& K

AS

HM

IR

PU

NJA

B

SIK

KIM

UT

TA

RA

KH

AN

D

NA

GA

LA

ND

TR

IPU

RA

A&

N I

SL

AN

DS

OD

ISH

A

UT

TA

R P

RA

DE

SH

RA

JAS

TH

AN

GU

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AT

ME

GH

AL

AY

A

GO

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BIH

AR

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RK

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UN

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L…

HIM

AC

HA

L P

RA

DE

SH

AS

SA

M

KE

RA

LA

Percentage of slum dwellers in Punjab is similar to that at the national level

States & UTs India

Figure 88: Slum population in Punjab (as percentage of total population) vis-a-vis other states and UTs

in 2011



Table 34: Households with basic facilities (in %)

States

Households with

source of

drinking water

(%)

Households with electricity

(%) Households with no latrine (%)

2001 2011 2002 2008-09 2012 2002 2008-09 2012 2018

Punjab 98.9 98.9 98.0 99.3 99.7 11.6 5.0 6.2 0.2

Karnataka 92.1 92.3 94.9 97.9 99.5 21.0 11.3 9.0 4.3

Gujarat 95.4 97.0 95.9 99.0 98.9 6.8 7.3 6.2 3.6

Haryana 97.3 96.7 97.7 98.3 99.3 15.0 8.4 1.4 0.2

Andhra

Pradesh 90.2 94.5 93.7 97.5 99.3 19.8 11.2 8.1 3.0

Source: Handbook for Urban Statistics (Census and multiple rounds of NSSO); NSSO 76th round

As evident, progress has been made to provide basic facilities to households, albeit slowly. Punjab

performed relatively better on the indicators as compared to selected states like Karnataka, Gujarat,

Haryana and Andhra Pradesh.

Urban Unemployment

Figure 89 presents that urban unemployment

in Punjab is largely driven by female

unemployment, like the scenario at national

level. Urban unemployment rate stood at 7.7%

in Punjab, close to 7.8% at the national level. It

can be observed that, although Punjab’s urban

employment rate is similar to that at all India

level, the female unemployment rate of 13.5% in

Punjab is significantly higher than the

corresponding national figure of 10.8%. It is

however noteworthy that the unemployment rate

for urban males in Punjab is lower than the

unemployment rate of urban males in India.

Quality of life in urban areas

Overview

Quality of urban life is influenced by the standards of infrastructure and services provided by the

government. Urban infrastructure has two dimensions: physical and social. The major components of

physical infrastructure include housing conditions, water supply system, sewerage network, storm water

drainage network, solid waste recovery and treatment, roads and streetlights. The components of social

infrastructure are healthcare, education, parks & open spaces, public conveniences, community centres,

etc.

6.5% 7.1%

13.5%

10.8%

7.7% 7.8%

Punjab India

Urban unemployment in Punjab is

driven by female unemployment

Male Female Combined

Figure 89: Urban unemployment rate in Punjab &

India, 2017-18



Housing conditions

Around 57% of houses in urban Punjab are

in ‘Good’ condition as compared with 68% at

all-India level. Census of India classifies houses

into three categories based on their conditions:

Good, Livable and Dilapidated. Figure 90 shows

that more than half of urban households have

been classified under ‘Good’ condition with

another 37% classified under ‘Livable’

condition. Further, 5% of the urban households

are in ‘Dilapidated’ conditions without proper

physical infrastructure and hence require

immediate attention.

All 20 districts of Punjab as per Census 2011,

except Tarn Taran, have more than half of

their urban households in ‘Good’ condition.

Census 2011 highlights the variation across

urban areas in Punjab at the district level in

terms of housing condition. The percentage of

‘Good’ condition households range from 49% in

Tarn Taran to 72% in S.A.S. Nagar. On the other

hand, Muktsar and Faridkot are the districts with highest percentage of urban households under

‘dilapidated’ conditions.

As an endeavour to provide free and subsidized houses for all urban homeless, urban poor and slum

dwellers in the State, Government of Punjab launched the Punjab Shehri Awas Yojana (PSAY) in

August 2017. Department of Housing and Urban Development is the nodal department for coordination

and monitoring of this policy and is supported by Department of Local Government, particularly in

inviting applications, conducting surveys, verification of eligible beneficiaries and distribution of funds

under central assistance from Government of India. Further, to provide affordable housing for lower-

and middle-income groups of society, Affordable Colony Policy was notified in March, 2018. The

policy is intended to encourage planning and development of small size ‘residential plotted and flatted

development’ to ensure an increased supply of small size plots and houses at affordable rates. The policy

is applicable in the entire state of Punjab outside municipal limits, however, the areas governed by

Punjab Urban Development Authority or any development authority are included under this policy. As

on July 2019, 11 licenses have been granted to establish such colonies in Jalandhar and Ludhiana.

68%

29%3%

57%

37%

5%

More than half of the houses in urban Punjab

are in good condition

Good Livable Dilapidated

Figure 90: Condition of urban households in Punjab

and India


India

Punjab


With an objective of ensuring housing for all in urban areas, Government of Punjab signed the MoU

for Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana -Urban (PMAY-U). 42As on January 2020, 90,631 houses have been

sanctioned under PMAY-U in the State, 22,604 have been completed while some other 25,120 are

already being occupied by citizens. Further, investments worth Rs. 4,064.75 crores have been made in

PMAY-U projects within the State.

Water supply and sewerage

Government of Punjab is steadfast in providing water

supply and sewerage facilities to urban households in

the State. As on February 2018, 1.45 lac tap

connections have been established in the State under

Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban

Transformation (AMRUT). The Punjab Water Supply

and Sewerage Board is the statutory body responsible

for urban water supply system, sewerage schemes and

sewage treatment plans (STPs). At present, the Board is executing a number of projects for water supply

and sewerage services in the urban areas - JNNURM, Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for

Small and Medium towns, Punjab Infrastructure Development Board (PIDB) aided Water Supply &

Sewerage Schemes, setting up of STPs under River Action Plan, JICA aided Sewerage Project of

Amritsar and AMRUT. As on March 2015, 81% of urban households had access to water supply while

74% had access to sewerage facilities43.

Ease of Living Index

In order to promote evidence-based planning and action towards sustainable urbanisation the Ministry

of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) launched ‘Ease of living index’ in 2018. The ease of living

index is structured along four pillars, namely: Institutional, Social, Economic and Physical.

Institutional pillar includes rating on effective and efficient institutions that would help deliver

improved services and manage urban infrastructure. The social pillar monitors the availability and

42 Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban) - Housing for All (HFA) State wise

Progress)

43 Punjab Water Supply and Sewerage Board, (https://pwssb.punjab.gov.in/achievements/) assessed as on 10th February

2020)

Box 16: Housing sector in Punjab : an opportunity

As per the Technical Group on Urban Housing Shortage (2012-17), about 3,90,000 units need to be

constructed in Punjab.

Punjab constitutes roughly 2.08% of the total housing requirements in India. This percentage has

been arrived at by considering the number of households below poverty line and households with

kaccha houses in urban areas of Punjab to that at the national level. States like Haryana, Gujarat,

Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh constitute 2.23%, 5.26%, 5.43% and 6.78% of the total housing

requirements, respectively. It would boost Punjab’s economy as housing sector has high

employment multiplier at national level. It would not only drive jobs, but also increase personal

income and consumption which augurs well for the State.

Source: Report of the Technical Group on Urban Housing Shortage, Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty

Alleviation

Punjab bagged National Water

Mission Award for efficient

utilisation of treated

wastewater for irrigation

https://pwssb.punjab.gov.in/achievements/


accessibility of education and healthcare services. The economic pillar focuses on enhancing economic

prospects of all businesses and improve revenue buoyancy of urban local bodies. Physical pillar has the

largest direct impact on ease of living in a city. The pillar encompasses categories such as housing,

access to open spaces and supply of water and electricity.

In total 111 cities were provided rankings. Three cities (Jalandhar, Ludhiana and Amritsar) from Punjab

were included in the rankings. Of the 111 cities, Ludhiana received an overall ranking of 35, while

Amritsar and Jalandhar received a ranking of 76 and 77, respectively. Dimension wise ranking is

provided in Table 35.

Table 35: Rank on Ease of living index, 2018

Pillar Dimension Ludhiana Amritsar Jalandhar

Overall 35 76 77

Institutional Governance 68 78 98

Social

Identity and Culture 46 64 76

Education 26 80 33

Health 77 34 31

Safety and Security 34 54 48

Economic Economy and Employment 8 46 24

Physical

Housing and Inclusiveness 40 90 74

Public Open Spaces 9 8 10

Mixed Land-Use and Compactness 44 63 100

Power Supply 50 41 99

Transportation and Mobility 54 104 63

Assured Water Supply 59 43 75

Wastewater Management 42 84 79

Solid Waste Management 53 77 79

Reduced Pollution 1 46 14

Sanitation

With an objective to provide clean drinking water and adequate treatment and safe disposal of human

excreta and sewage which would improve the physical and mental health of the people of Punjab, the

State Government notified a Mission – ‘Tandarust Punjab’ in 2018. Under this mission, the

Department of Local Government has the following roles and responsibilities:

• Ensuring adequate safe potable drinking water availability in urban areas;

• Ensuring Open Defecation Free cities/ towns to reduce disease burden on households;

Source: Ease of Living Index, 2018, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs


• Municipal Solid Waste Management including segregation, transportation and waste

processing on scientific lines;

• Sewerage Treatment: Installing STPs for management of total wastewater being generated,

ensuring their operation and maintenance on regular basis and taking steps to reduce wastewater

generation

Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) has led to rapid increase in coverage of household latrines. In Punjab,

as on December 2019, 1,03,015 Individual Household Latrines (IHHLs), 11,009 community and public

toilets have been constructed. More than 98% of the wards have 100% door to door waste collection,

while 85% wards practice 100% waste segregation at the source. 61% of the waste generated is being

processed in Punjab, which is at par with the national average of 60%44.

Electricity

Electricity plays a vital role in the

development of overall economy of

a state. Adequate and reliable

availability of electricity is

indispensable for sustainable

growth of the economy because it

plays an important role as a factor

of production. In order to enhance

the satisfaction levels of the

consumers and improve the quality

of life of people through

uninterrupted power supply at

affordable cost, Government of

Punjab signed joint initiative with

Government of India – 24*7 Power

for All. Government of India also

notified Integrated Power

Development Scheme (IPDS) in

2014 in order to strengthen

transmission and distribution of electricity in urban areas of states.

Punjab is one of the high per capita electricity consumption state in the country and is also one of the

state which has achieved 100% electrification long time back. A scenario of category-wise consumption

of electricity in urban areas of Punjab has been presented in Figure 91. The figure brings out that

consumption in urban centres is primarily driven by industrial and commercial use.

Urban Transport

A well-connected and affordable transport network is one of the most essential components of a growing

urban centre as industry and services sector primarily evolve in and around these localities. A robust

urban mobility system is thus required to satisfy the mobility needs of people and businesses in cities

for a better quality of life.

Road transportation dominates transportation sector in Punjab, closely followed by railways. As on

March 2015, Punjab’s urban road network expanded to 15,645 kms from 8,085 kms in 2008. It is worth

44 Swachh Bharat Mission Urban, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs

Figure 91: Category-wise consumption of electricity in urban

Punjab in 2018-19

Source: Punjab State Power Corporation Limited

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

Industrial Domestic Commercial Others

Mil

lio

ns

Consumption of electricity in urban areas in mix

units (KWH + KVAH)


mentioning that 82% of Punjab’s urban roads are surfaced as compared to that of 74% at the national

level.

Urban infrastructure and its financing

Trend in expenditure on urban development

Public expenditure plays a crucial role in the creation of urban infrastructure and the provision of

various municipal services to the rapidly increasing urban population. The analysis brings out that total

expenditure45 on urban development for Punjab increased from Rs. 248.2 crores in 2015-16 to Rs.

1,233.1 crores in 2019-20 (BE). Although capital outlay on urban development has increased between

2015-16 and 2019-20 (BE), the revenue expenditure has witnessed a downtrend in contrast with the

trend for other states. Thus, given the developmental mandate for urban areas, the State may look

towards further increasing the expenditure allocation on urban development. Other avenues of raising

funds to finance infrastructure, projects like municipal bonds, pool financing, public private partnership

may also be ventured into along with the collaboration of Urban Local Bodies.

SMART Cities

The Smart City Mission (SCM) was launched by Government of India in 2015 in order to promote

sustainable and inclusive growth of cities that provide core infrastructure and a decent quality of life to

its citizens. The objective of the mission is to develop 100 state of the art city models that could be

replicated by other cities, thereby catalysing the development of similar smart cities in various parts of

the country.

From the state of Punjab, three cities – Ludhiana, Amritsar and Jalandhar have been given the status of

smart cities under Smart City Mission. While Ludhiana was awarded the status in the first round itself,

Amritsar and Jalandhar made it to the list in the second round, where Amritsar topped the list among

27 smart cities. The scope of SCM covers various projects catering to city improvement, city renewal

and city extension. The progress details of projects undertaken in these cities under SCM has been

presented in Table 36.

Table 36: Progress details of smart cities in Punjab (in Rs. crores)

45 It should be noted that it does not include grants or loan given to local government for urban development purpose

City Round Tendered Grounded/Completed

No. of projects Value No. of projects Value

Ludhiana 1 14 609.57 9 418.93

Amritsar 2 9 383.15 3 101.33

Jalandhar 2 7 269.82 3 98.41

Source: Handbook of Urban Statistics, 2019


All the three cities – Ludhiana, Amritsar and Jalandhar have

unique selling propositions which makes them the primary

urban centres in the State. They are equipped with resilient

infrastructure leading to all round enhancement of quality of life.

Amritsar acts as the centre of Sikh history and is laden with a

rich cultural heritage with high level of religious tourism

activity. While Jalandhar is known for its sports and surgical

goods industry, Ludhiana is the largest manufacturer of bicycles

and aims to capitalise on its manufacturing base for a sustainable

growth. The vision statements of the cities submitted as part of

the Smart City Proposal have been summarised below.

Urban local government

Urban finances

Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are constituted for planned development of urban areas and delivery of

public services to the urban population. Urbanisation and its development and the quality of life

prevalent there is thus dependent on the financial health of local governments. As on December 2017,

there are 167 ULBs in Punjab consisting of 10 Municipal Corporations, 101 Municipal Councils and

56 Nagar Panchayats governed by The Punjab Municipal Act, 1911 and Punjab Municipal Corporation

Act, 1976.

Table 37 highlights that own revenue sources (tax and non-tax revenue) are the main sources of income

for the ULBs. The other sources of income include shared taxes received from the State Government

and grants from the State and Central Government under various schemes besides other grants they

Ludhiana bagged award

for “Fastest Growing

Smart City focusing on

Digital Payments (2018)”

1 2 3

• Realise its full potential as a bicycle manufacturing hub

• Enhance health of citizens by promoting healthier mobility options like bicycles and e-rickshaws

• Ensure public safety and enable e-governance

Ludhiana

Amritsar

Jalandhar

• Seamless urban mobility with the help of ICT based platforms

• Enhanced e-governance by integration of all government services and bringing them to a common platform

• Maximise the reach of piped natural gas for domestic as well as commercial use

• Establish itself as a world class sports hub

• A livable city with smart infrastructure that will improve city’s environment and make it more sutainable

• Upskill and increase existing manufacturing base and boost local economy


receive from the Government of India as per the recommendations of Central Finance Commission.

The total revenue of the ULBs has increased from Rs. 2,377 crores in 2011-12 to Rs. 3,119 crores in

2016-17. Further analysis indicates that the percentage share of tax revenue in total revenue of ULBs

has increased from 58.0% in 2011-12 to 68.8% in 2016-17, and the proportion of non-tax revenue slid

from 16.8% in 2011-12 to 14.5% during 2016-17.

Table 37: Main components of total revenue of ULBs (in Rs. Crores)

Particulars 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

Total Own Revenue

(A) 2,022 2,042 2,679 2,457 2,493 2,742

of which, Tax Revenue 1,378 1,528 1,742 1,822 1,910 2,145

of which, Non-Tax

Revenue 400 378 611 517 457 451

Total Grants (B) 355 264 230 352 426 377

Total Revenue (A+B) 2,377 2,306 2,909 2,809 2,919 3,119

Tax Revenue/Total

Revenue 58.0% 66.3% 59.9% 64.9% 65.4% 68.8%

Non-Tax

Revenue/Total

Revenue

16.8% 16.4% 21.0% 18.4% 15.7% 14.5%

Source: Finance Department, Government of Punjab

Box 17: Scope to improve local government finances

As mentioned before, there is strong correlation between urbanisation rate and per-capita income

across states in India. While the causality has not been established, increase in per-capita income

for Punjab in the coming years will imply greater urbanisation. This means increase in demand for

delivery of basic services from urban local bodies. Across India, it is well known that urban local

bodies need substantial financial support to deliver on the assigned functions under the 74th

Amendment. A high-level analysis has been done to evaluate the finances of local bodies in

Punjab. Top three Municipal Corporations by population (for which data is available), i.e.

Amritsar, Jalandhar, Patiala have been considered.

Given the fact that property tax is largest source of revenue at the local government level, an

assessment is made on collection of property tax on a per-capita basis. It can be seen that across

these three municipal corporations in Punjab, there is scope for further enhancement of collection

of property taxes on per-capita basis.

ULB Name Amritsar Jalandhar Patiala Chennai Coimbatore Mumbai

Per Capita

Property Tax (in

Rs.)

139 201 202 1407 1419 4473

Note: Data is presented for 2017-18 (Actuals), except for Patiala for which 2014-15 (Actuals) has been presented.

Source: Budget /IE Statements of ULBs


Box 18: Viable sources of external revenue for ULBs

As highlighted previously, financial adequacy of local governments is central to economic growth.

The municipal revenue system in India is a property tax dominated one and is characterised by low

tax rates and disorganized collection mechanism. This often leads to a deficit budget with the ULBs

banking on central and state transfers, even to fund their operational expenses.

As a result, ULBs have minimal contribution towards capital formation in their administrative area

with most of the developmental works funded through state and centre. While possible avenues for

domestic revenue mobilisation should definitely be explored, external sources of fund raising through

borrowing should also be looked into.

One of such sources is municipal bonds. Municipal bond market has great potential in fulfilling the

financial requirement of the urban sector, however it remains largely untapped. Credit rating of ULBs

and floating municipal bonds have been included under AMRUT reforms. Credit rating is a pre-

requisite for ULBs to borrow from capital markets and financial institutions. ULBs with Investment

Grade Credit Rating (IGCR) can float municipal bonds. As on June 2019, 163 ULBs have IGCR i.e.

BBB- and above including 36 ULBs with A- or above. It is noteworthy to mention that Ludhiana

received a credit rating of BBB+ (as per Brickwork Ratings). During the year 2018-19, eight ULBs

issued bonds and were incentivized with Rs. 181.3 crores by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.

The bond market is, however, highly regulated and ULBs face constraints on the supply side that

inhibit them from issuing bonds. It is thus imperative for ULBs to overcome these constraints to raise

funds for urban development.

Central Government State Government

Fiscal dependence of

ULBs

State Finance

Commission

State Government

Schemes

Urban Local Bodies

SEBI Regulations

• Investment Grade Rating (BBB- or

above) from at least one agency

• No default in last 365 days and surplus

income for at least three financial years

• Compliance with state’s municipal

account standards or National Municipal

Accounts Manual

Major Constraints

• Limited tax base and absence of

buoyant sources of revenue

• Limited administrative capacity to plan

and implement projects as well as

manage finances

• Municipal accounting practices are

archaic and limited data availability

Central Government

Schemes


Urban reforms

ULBs are central to urban growth and improving the quality of life in the rapidly urbanising cities. In

order to enhance urban governance, various reforms of urban renewal have been introduced in the State:

• Punjab Urban Environment Improvement Programme (UEIP) – It is an umbrella

programme for the development and improvement in the quality of environment of all 167

ULBs of the State. Under this program, assistance shall be provided to the ULBs for

undertaking works which include construction and maintenance of roads, drains, streetlights;

garbage disposal and construction and maintenance of parks.

• Keeping in view the agenda of women upliftment, reservation of women in urban local bodies

(by direct elections) has been raised to 50%.

• Facility of online sanction of building plans for commercial & residential building has

been launched across the State. The end-to-end process from documents submission including

plans, fee payment and building plan approval across all ULBs in Punjab has been automated.

The system ensures transparency, reduction in time for approval and precludes the need to visit

offices.

• A Directorate of Fire Services has been established to regulate and control 34 offices of

fire brigades, which are already established in 10 Municipal Corporation towns and 155 other

Urban Local Bodies across the State.

• Under the scheme ‘Mera Kamm, Mera Maan’, employment shall be provided to urban youth

between the age group of 18 to 35 years. The assistance to be provided by the District Bureaus

of Employment & Enterprise for both skilling and wage employment for a specified minimum

number of days in the year.

Chapter 6 Human Development

Going beyond the aspects of economic growth, human development measures richness of human

lives. The focus is on the extent to which humans have access to choices, opportunities and abilities.

With the adoption of Sustainable Development Goals by all member states of United Nations, the

focus has grown further to ensure that development is sustainable and future generations are

provided with equal opportunities to grow and lead a quality life. Punjab has made significant

progress in achieving various SDGs. The assessment by Niti Aayog for 2019-20 categorises Punjab

as a ‘Performer’ state with a score of 62 on SDG Index, higher than the national average of 60.

Punjab performs well on health, education, water and sanitation, clean energy, and institutions.

Top performance on health goal is reiterated by the strong performance showcased by the State in

various health indicators. The State boasts of significantly high life expectancy and lower infant

mortality rates than the national average. The strong child nutrition indicators and high take-up of

vaccinations, relative to other states, are indicative of the progress made in child health care.

Punjab has one of the lowest proportion of children who are stunted or underweight or wasted. In

context of maternal care indicators, Punjab’s MMR is at par with the national average, but in

absolute terms substantial improvement is possible. Post-natal care indicators for new mothers in

Punjab are amongst the highest across the country. However, a few concerns continue to affect the

healthcare sector in the State which include high incidence of lifestyle diseases and anemia,

especially amongst females.

On the educational front, Punjab boasts of quality educational infrastructure with majority of the

schools in the State having drinking water facility, toilets and electricity. The State is a top ranker

with the highest proportion of schools with a boundary wall and those approachable with all-

weather roads in the country. Punjab showcases strong performance on various outcomes

indicators, like literacy rates, gross enrolment ratio and net enrolment ratio. The low drop-out rates

and high transition rates in the State are indicative of the fact that not only has the State been

successful in bringing children to school, but also ensuring that they stay there. Data from ASER

Surveys and State’s Padho Punjab, Padhao Punjab initiative indicate improvement in learning

outcomes in the State, especially in government schools.

It is interesting to note that females in Punjab perform better on educational outcome indicators

and learning outcome indicators. Punjab has shown significant progress in improving its sex ratio

and bringing the girl child to school. Women in the State enjoy much more independence in taking

decisions relating to themselves as compared to national level trends. However, despite the

significant improvement, women participation in labour force and entrepreneurial activities in the

State continue to be low.

With almost one-third of its population belonging to SC, Punjab has the largest proportion of SCs

in its total population, across the country. In comparison to SCs across the country, SCs in Punjab

have much better performance on human development. The State performs better than national

averages in most of these indicators. Punjab also boasts of one of the lowest poverty rates in the

country.

Going beyond equal opportunities and access to education and healthcare, the environment also

plays a significant role in determining the quality of life. Environmental concerns relating to ground

water levels have grown in the State, with almost ~80% blocks being categorized as ‘over-

exploited’.

In a nutshell, Punjab continues to be a strong performer on different aspects of human and

sustainable development, although various avenues exist for the State to improve further.


Introduction

Understanding the progress of an economy requires moving beyond the basic indicators of growth

and looking at the ultimate outcome of development. It is essential to understand the quality of life

individuals lead to gauge the true extent of progress. Thus, human development is a key indicator of the

economy’s progress and well-being. As defined by United Nations Development Programme, human

development has various dimensions which include directly enhancing human abilities and creating

opportunities for human development, as presented in Figure 92. The focus of this chapter is to review

the progress made in various dimensions of human development.

The scope of human development has now expanded further to sustainable development. Going beyond

ensuring that progress in the economy allows all humans the freedom to live a life they value;

sustainable development goals aim to ensure that the progress can be enjoyed by future generations too.

The first section of the chapter reviews Punjab’s progress on achieving the Sustainable Development

Goals, as assessed under Niti Aayog’s Sustainable Development Index 2019-20.

Figure 92: Dimensions of human development

Source: http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/what-human-development

125 Chapter 6: Human Development

Sustainable development goals

The focus on human development has gained further importance with adoption of 17 Sustainable

Development Goals (SDGs) by member countries of the United Nations. These goals are a global

call to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by

2030. A total of 244 indicators across domains of growth and development, spanning the various goals,

have been identified to assess the progress of the nations in achieving these goals.

Punjab’s Performance on Niti Aayog’s SDG Index

Punjab continues to be a ‘Performer’ state on Niti Aayog’s SDG Index 2019-20 (Figure 93). At

the national level, Niti Aayog has developed the SDG India Index, comprising of 100 indicators

spanning across 15 of the 17 SDGs to assess the performance of all states (except for few states, 16

goals) and the country in achieving these targets. With a score of 62, Punjab has recorded an

improvement from its score over the baseline report46, continuing to be above the national average as

presented in Figure 93. In comparison, the all India score on the same Index is 60. Despite the

improvement, Punjab has slipped ranks from 9 in the baseline report to 11 in the 2019-20 report, out of

28 States47. This indicates that improvement in Punjab has been relatively slower, against other states

like Uttar Pradesh, where the composite SDG index score improved from 42 to 55. Other states like

Sikkim and Karnataka have been successful in rising from being a ‘Performer’ state to ‘Front Runner’,

indicating potential for Punjab to grow as well.

46 With significant expansion and revisions from the baseline index, scores of states are not strictly comparable over the two

periods

47 Telangana has been removed to ensure data consistency

Figure 93: Punjab's score on Niti Aayog's SDG Index (2019-20) vis-a-vis other states and national

average

Source: Niti Aayog SDG India Index Report 2019-20


Looking at individual goals, Punjab’s performance on 9 indicators has been relatively better than

the national average. Figure 94 gives a presentation of Punjab’s score vis-à-vis national average on all

15 indicators. Punjab’s efforts in targeting hunger, upgrading healthcare, education services and high

investments in governance initiatives is evident by the strong performance of the State on these

parameters. Low proportion of malnourished children and high agricultural yield have helped the State

to address hunger as well as, continue to be the bread basket of the country.

On the health front, the well-developed health infrastructure (both, physical and human) is a major

strength of Punjab. The State has the potential to grow into becoming a major destination for health

tourism, especially amongst the Non-Resident Indians. In the health sector, some improvements needs

to be made on maternal care indicators, as highlighted in the following section. In the education sector,

Punjab boasts of one of the most well-developed educational infrastructure. The State also has been

bringing students to school and ensuring that they stay there, as presented by low drop-out rates and

high transition rates of Punjab, vis-à-vis other states. With 100% houses electrified and majority using

clean cooking fuels, Punjab is amongst the top 5 states on SDG 7: Clean and Affordable Energy.

0

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Punjab performs better than India on 9 of 15 SDG indicators

Punjab India

Source: Niti Aayog SDG India Index Report 2019-20

Figure 94: Punjab's performance on individual SDGs vis-a-vis India


Punjab has one of the lowest poverty rates in the country, yet the State is experiencing deteriorating

score on SDG 1: No Poverty. The concern lies in the relatively low performance of the State on other

aspects of poverty, like provision of employment under MGNREGA and maternity benefits. Punjab

also scores relatively lower on SDG 6: Clean water & Sanitation and SDG 12: Sustainable Consumption

and Production, majorly due to over-exploitation of ground water in the State.

It is interesting to note that, ‘Gender Equality’ and ‘Reducing Inequality’ are two such goals where

states across the country are performing poorly. Punjab is however slightly better than majority of the

States but there is scope for improvement. The State has shown the highest improvement in sex ratio,

as highlighted in Chapter 1. However, the State’s performance on the ‘Life on Land’ goal is relatively

poor. This can be attributed to the low forest cover in the State. As of 2017-18, forest cover in the State

was only 5% of the total geographical area. Intensive and extensive agriculture model of development

in post Green Revolution period may be one of the major reasons for low level of forest cover in the

State.

Punjab’s progress on implementing SDG framework

With growing adoption of the SDGs across the globe and country, Punjab government has

incorporated these goals in the Vision document for 2030. Understanding the rising inequalities in

the State, the government’s approach towards a highly developed and equitable economy includes

‘prioritising goals, overcoming the limitation of segmented and compartmentalised administrative

setup and non-holistic policy prescriptions.’ The 17 SDGs have been categorized under 4 pillars (as

presented in Figure 95) which includes three elements, socially-just growth, redistributive

sustainable development and productive engagement of citizens.

The government has set up milestones and targets to be achieved by 2030 against each of these

goals and identified defined indicators to assess the progress. The Planning Department has been

1

Structural

Transformation

of Economy &

Revitalization of

Sectoral Growth

People’s Well-

Being:

Redefining

quality

parameters and

process

2 3

Strategy for

governance

and peace

4

Strategy for

resource

mobilization

and

investment

SDG:

8, 2, 15, 13, 9, 7

SDG:

1, 6, 11, 3, 4, 5,

10

SDG:

16

SDG:

17

Figure 95: Categorization of SDGs under 4 pillars


designated as the nodal department for overseeing the work regarding SDGs in the State and will be

responsible for monitoring, implementation and generating information and delivering reports

regarding SDGs. A separate task force has been set up, under the Finance Minister and steering

committee has been constituted under the Chief Secretary of the State. Further, respective departments

have been identified which will work on implementation of SDGs at the grass root level. As one goal

may be related to multiple departments, a nodal department has been assigned for each goal.

Reorienting Schemes in tune with SDGs:

All planned schemes have been reoriented as per SDGs and targets to be achieved in time bound manner.

Planning department has asked each of the departments responsible to work on the SDGs to prepare a

Four-Year Strategic Action Plan (2019-23) and Annual Action Plan (2019- 20) on these lines. Intensive

bilateral meetings by Planning Department with respective departments were conducted to finalize the

plans. The plans of departments are in process of approval by the Steering Committee constituted under

Finance Minister. To further strengthen the adoption of SDGs in Punjab, the State has also signed on

an MoU with UNDP to set up a Sustainable Development Goals Coordination Centre (SDGCC) in the

Planning Department.

Setting up of Monitoring & Evaluation Unit:

To further strengthen the function of Planning department of the State to undertake monitoring and

evaluation of the implementation of policies a separate division has been set up. The Data Analysis and

Monitoring & Evaluation Division will monitor and evaluate the implementation of programmes and

initiatives, including the identification of the needed resources to strengthen the probability of success

and scope of delivery. The Division would interact with the Directorate of Statistics (ESO) and all other

administrative Departments of the state government to provide data as per their requirements. The data

will be analysed with the aim of making new policies and amending old policies. Monitoring and

evaluation for all government schemes being implemented in the State would inter-alia be the focus of

this division.

Healthcare and nutrition

Healthcare is one of the factors that directly impact the quality of life and human development

status of any economy. SDG 3 aims at ensuring healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.

Punjab government has been a front runner with regards to

the State’s performance on health indicators.

With a score of 71, the State’s rank on Niti Aayog’s SDG 3:

Good Health and Well-being Index, is 6th out of 29 states for

2019-20. Additionally, Punjab with a score of 0.63 ranks 5th

out of 18 big states, on the Public Health aspect of the Good

Governance Index, launched by the Ministry of Personnel,

Public Grievances & Pensions. This aspect of the index

measures various child and mother healthcare indicators, and

availability of health infrastructure.

Punjab ranks 5th, on the

Public Health aspect of the

Good Governance Index

of MoS (PP)


Punjab’s performance on key health outcomes

Life Expectancy

Life expectancy is most important

yardstick to judge the quality and well-

being of the people. Life expectancy (at

birth and at ages 5-10 years) in Punjab

has been the highest amongst all states

in India. Life expectancy, at birth, in

Punjab improved by over 2 years between

2006-10 and 2010-14 from 69.3 to 71.6

years, while life expectancy, at age 5-10,

improved from 67.9 to 69.1 years during

the same period, as presented in Figure 96.

It is also evident that Punjab has much

higher life expectancy than at the national

level. In line with the national trends,

female life expectancy (73.8 years) is higher than male life expectancy (69.7 years) for the period 2010-

14. The State has consistently performed better than the national level on life expectancy indicators,

given the relatively higher per-capita income in the state allowing people to be able to provide for their

healthcare needs.

Child Health

Punjab’s strong performance in life

expectancy is in tandem with the State’s

performance on child well-being

indicators. Punjab continues to have a

significantly lower Infant Mortality Rate

(IMR) and Under 5 Mortality Rate (U5MR),

in comparison to the national averages. As

per NFHS 2015-16, the IMR and U5MR in

Punjab stood at 29.2 and 33.2 per thousand

live births respectively. In comparison, the

same at national level stood at 40.7 and 49.7

respectively, as presented in Figure 97.

Punjab ranked 10th in IMR and 11th in U5MR

out of 28 States as per estimates in NFHS

2015-16. Better performing states like

Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra

(presented in Table 38) indicate scope for the

State to improve on these indicators. SRS Bulletin for 2017 highlights that Punjab has closed on the gap

from these states, with improvement in its IMR to 21 48. In the neighbouring state of Haryana, the IMR

in 2017 was 30.

48 SRS and NFHS are not strictly comparable.

Figure 96: Life expectancy in Punjab, vis-a-vis national

average

Source: Niti Aayog State Statistics

69.3

71.6

67.969.1

66.167.9

65.866.7

2006-10 2010-14 2006-10 2010-14

At birth Age 5-10

in y

ears

Punjab's life expectancy continues to be

significantly higher than national average

Punjab India

Figure 97: Punjab's IMR and U5MR vis-a-vis

national average

Source: NFHS 2005-06 and NFHS 2015-16

57

74.3

40.7

49.741.7

52

29.233.2

IMR U5MR IMR U5MR

2005-06 2015-16

Per

1 t

ho

usn

ad l

ive

bir

ths

IMR and U5MR are signficnatly lower in

Punjab than national averages

India Punjab


Table 38: Punjab's performance on IMR and U5MR vis-a-vis other selective states

Immunization is essential for ensuring a healthy life for

children and bringing down child mortality rates. Punjab

has made significant progress in ensuring immunization of

children in the State. The proportion of children aged 12 to

23 months which did not receive any vaccination fell to 1.7%

in 2015-16 from 6.6% in 2005-06. As presented in Figure 98,

this is significantly lower than most states and less than one-

third of the national average. Punjab and Kerala are joint

toppers on this aspect.

The full immunization coverage in the

State has also witnessed a significant

improvement. The proportion of children

(aged 12 to 23 months) which received all

basic vaccinations (BCG, DPT, Hepatitis B

and Polio) stood at 89% in 2015-16, rising

from 60.1% in 2005-06. Again, the state’

performance continues to be higher than

national average. In fact, Punjab has the

highest proportion of children with full

basic vaccination coverage, amongst

states. Punjab is also the leading state

when it comes to ensuring that not only

are children vaccinated, but they are

vaccinated at the right time. 84.7% of the

children received vaccination at appropriate

ages in Punjab, against 42.9% at the national

level (Figure 99).

IMR U5MR

2015-16 2017 2015-16

Punjab 29.2 21 33.2

Haryana 32.8 30 41.1

Gujarat 34.2 30 43.5

Maharashtra 23.7 19 28.7

Andhra Pradesh 34.9 32 40.8

Kerala 5.6 10 7.1

Tamil Nadu 20.2 16 26.8

Source: NFHS 2015-16 and SRS Bulletin 2019

1.7% 1.7%2.3%

3.4%

6.0% 6.3%

8.2% 8.7%

Pun

jab

Ker

ala

An

dh

ra P

rades

h

Tam

il N

adu

Ind

ia

Har

yan

a

Mah

aras

htr

a

Gu

jara

t

Punjab has one of the lowest share of children

which did not receive any vaccination

Figure 98: Percentage of children age 12-23 months

who received no vaccination (2015-16)

Source: NFHS 2015-16

Only 1.7% children in

Punjab did not receive any

immunization, which is less

than one-third of the

national average (6%)


Maternal Healthcare

Punjab’s strong performance on child healthcare

indicators is not reflected in the maternal healthcare

indicators of the State. The performance of Punjab on

a variety of maternal healthcare indicators, though

stronger than (or at par with) the national average,

continues to be behind other states. Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is the primary indicator of health

care facilities in any economy. The latest estimates for MMR, available for the period 2015-17, indicates

that MMR in Punjab stands at 122 per lac live births, at par with the national average. MMR in Kerala

(between 2015-17) stood at 42 per lac live births, the lowest across the country. This highlights that

Punjab has scope to improve on the maternal health front.

Punjab’s performance on providing ante-

natal care to expecting mothers fares

much better than the national average.

Estimates for 2015-16 NFHS highlight that

30.7% of all expecting mothers received all

forms of recommended ante-natal care,

against 20.9% of expecting mothers at the

national level (Table 39). Almost all

(97.1%) expecting mothers received at least

one ante-natal visit. The Pradhan Mantri

Surikshit Matrritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) is

being implemented in the state to provide at

least one antenatal checkup to all expectant

mothers in the 2nd or 3rd trimester. PMSMA

has helped various beneficiaries access such

services which were earlier inaccessible.

The state has also shown great improvement

Figure 100: MMR in Punjab and other select states

(2015-17)

4255 63

7487

98

122 122

Ker

ala

Mah

aras

htr

a

Tam

il N

adu

An

dh

ra P

rades

h

Gu

jara

t

Har

yan

a

Pun

jab

Ind

ia

per

1 l

akh l

ive

bir

ths

MMR in Punjab is at par with national

average

Source: SRS Bulletin on MMR

Between 2010-12 and 2015-17,

MMR declined by 33 points in

Punjab.


Figure 99: Percentage of children aged 12-23 months who received all basic vaccines (2015-16)

50.4%56.2%

62.0% 62.2%65.2%

69.7%

82.1%89.0%

26.6%

41.2% 42.9% 45.4%

55.5% 57.4%61.0%

84.7%

Gujarat Maharashtra India Haryana Andhra

Pradesh

Tamil Nadu Kerala Punjab

Punjab has the highest proportion of children with full basic vaccination coverage

All basic vaccines All age appropriate vaccines


in the proportion of expecting mothers which are receiving two or more tetanus injections, rising from

83.8% in 2005-06 to 89% in 2015-16.

Table 39: Maternal care indicators (2015-16)

Out of percentage of expecting mothers

Received all

recommended types

of antenatal care (%)

Births delivered in a

health facility (%)

Deliveries

assisted by

health

personnel (%)

Deliveries

with a

postnatal

check-up

Punjab 30.7 90.5 94.1 90.9

India 20.9 78.9 81.4 69

Haryana 19.5 80.4 84.6 73.4

Gujarat 30.7 88.5 87.1 70.7

Maharashtra 32.4 90.3 91.1 82.1

Andhra Pradesh 43.9 91.5 92.1 85.5

Kerala 61.2 99.8 99.9 89.3

Tamil Nadu 45.0 98.9 99.2 87.1


Another factor which plays a significant role in

ensuring quality maternal health is professional

assistance during deliveries. During the five years

preceding the NFHS-4 (2015-16) survey, 90.5%

deliveries in Punjab were in a health facility and

94.1% were assisted by a skilled health personnel

(Table 39). This is significantly higher than the

national average. However, again states like Kerala

and Tamil Nadu with almost 100% of expecting mothers undergoing institutional deliveries shows that

Punjab has a some gap to cover before achieving better maternal healthcare indicators. Latest available

data from HMIS shows that 98.4% of deliveries in Punjab have been institutional, showing

significant improvement in a span of 3 years. The focus should be on creating awareness in the State

about the benefits of ante-natal care and professional assistance during delivery, to ensure that more

expecting mothers access these facilities.

Punjab has the second-highest proportion of

new mothers that receive post-natal care,

across all states. Estimates from NFHS 2015-

16 highlight that 91% of deliveries in Punjab

were followed up by post-natal checkups for the

new mother (Table 39).

Punjab has the 2nd highest

proportion of new mothers that

receive post-natal care, across all

states

Punjab has one of the lowest average

out-of-pocket expenditure per delivery

in public health facilities.


Table 40: Average out-of-pocket expenditure per delivery in public health facility (In Rs.)

It is interesting to note that Punjab has one

of the lowest average out-of-pocket

expenditure per delivery in public health

facilities. As per NFHS 2015-16, a leading

reason stated by individuals across the

country, for not delivering in a health facility,

is the high costs involved, especially amongst

individuals in rural areas. Punjab fares much

better than the national level and other

comparable states with significantly lower

costs for institutional deliveries, in both rural

and urban areas (Table 40).

Use of Contraception

Family planning plays a key role in the health

status of women and mothers. It is essential

that the mental and physical health

of the mother is considered before

any decision about raising a

family. Contraception not only

plays a role in family planning,

but various modern methods of

contraception, also prevents

transmission of various Sexually

Transmitted Diseases (STDs).

While contraception is still not

being used by a significant

proportion of population in the

country, Punjab is a front runner

in adoption of contraceptives.

Figure 101 presents the proportion

of population which is not

currently using contraceptives. It

is evident that Punjab has significantly lower proportion of population not currently using contraception.

Health Infrastructure

Health infrastructure plays a key role in provision of healthcare facilities in an economy. Punjab

has made significant progress in providing its residents with better health facilities. In terms of

physical infrastructure, population served per medical institution stood at 7,909 in 2019. Similarly,

population served per bed is 1,657 in 2019, against 1,222 in 2015. On average, a medical institute serves

a radius of 2.68 kms. However, there exists dispersion between districts. While SBS Nagar serves 5150

individuals per institute, the same is 11336 (more than two times) in SAS Nagar. Similarly, 837

individuals are served per bed in Faridkot and on the other extreme 3244 (almost four times) in

States Urban Rural Total

Punjab 1576 2043 1890

India 3913 2946 3197

Haryana 2371 1160 1569

Gujarat 2331 2020 2136

Andhra Pradesh 2339 2316 2322

Maharashtra 3331 3758 3578

Tamil Nadu 2556 2649 2609

Kerala 6848 6944 6901


24.230.5

35.3 36.3

46.5 46.8 46.953.1

Pun

jab

An

dh

ra

Pra

des

h

Mah

aras

htr

a

Har

yan

a

Ind

ia

Tam

il N

adu

Ker

ala

Gu

jara

t

Punjab has the lowest proportion of population not

currently using contraceptives

Figure 101: Proportion of population not currently using any

form of contraception (%)



Ludhiana. The high population and limited land space in Ludhiana and Mohali are key constraints to

expanding physical health infrastructure in the city.

In sync with physical infrastructure, the population served per doctor has also improved over the

years. In 2019, each doctor served 585 individuals, improving from 1083 individuals per doctor in

2015. On the contrary, the population served per nurse has witnessed a sharp rise in 2019. In 2019, a

nurse served 1755 individuals against 444 in 2015. The district wise disparity is observed in terms of

human health infrastructure as well. While one doctor in Tarn Taran caters to over 12000 individuals,

the same is less than 500 in Faridkot. On the same lines, one nurse serves over 7800 individuals in

Pathankot, against 202 in Patiala.

Nutritional Status

Child Nutrition

Poor child nutrition is a key challenge facing all developing economies. Poverty and lack of food

security are two key reasons which has led to millions of children across the globe (and across the

country) to be stunted, underweight and wasted. Poor nutritional status not only affects the physical

development, but also the mental development of children. SDG 1 and 2 aim at making the world

poverty and hunger free to ensure that children across the globe are free of the curse of malnutrition.

Punjab’s performance on the three anthropometric indices (stunted, wasted and underweight, for

children below the age of 5 years) is amongst the best across all states and significantly higher

than national average. Figure 102 highlights the proportion of children under 5 years of age who are

stunted, wasted and underweight in Punjab vis-à-vis select states and national average. It is evident that

children in Punjab are better nourished than children from other states. Within the 10 years between

2005-06 and 2015-16, the State has made great improvement in bringing children out of concerns of

malnutrition, especially stunting. However, in sync with the national trends, proportion of wasted

children has witnessed a rise. This requires focused action on health initiatives that look at all round

physical development of children in Punjab.

The state has also been successful in bringing down the incidence of anemia amongst children.

Between 2005-06 and 2015-16, the percentage of children age 6-59 months classified as having anemia

has declined to 56.6% from 66.4%. The state witnessed a sharp drop in proportion of children with

moderate and severe anemia. The State continues to be well below the national average in the proportion

19.7

25.727.131.4

34 34.438.438.5

Ker

ala

Pun

jab

Tam

il N

adu

An

dh

ra P

rades

h

Har

yan

a

Mah

aras

htr

a

Ind

ia

Gu

jara

t

Stunted

(Height-for-age)

15.615.717.2

19.7 21 21.2

25.626.4

Pun

jab

Ker

ala

An

dh

ra P

rdae

sh

Tam

il N

adu

Ind

ia

Har

yan

a

Mah

aras

htr

a

Gu

jara

t

Wasted

(Weight-for-height)

16.1

21.623.8

29.431.9

35.7 3639.3

Ker

ala

Pun

jab

Tam

il N

adu

Har

yan

a

An

dh

ra P

rades

h

Ind

ia

Mah

aras

htr

a

Gu

jara

tUnderweight

(Weight for age)

Figure 102: Proportion of children under the age of 5, who are stunted, wasted and underweight in

Punjab vis-a-vis other select states



of children with anemia (Table 41). However, in spite of the significant improvement, more than half

the children in the state continue to be anemic.

Table 41: Indicators related to anemia and breastfeeding amongst children (2015-16)

Punjab India

Proportion of children with

Any form of anemia (6 to 59 months) 56.6 58.5

Ever breastfed (among children born in the past 2 years) 94.5 95

Median duration (months) of breastfeeding among last-born children born in the last three years

Any breastfeeding 25.3 29.6

Exclusive breastfeeding 2.6 2.9

Predominantly breastfeeding 5.5 5.8


In context of breast feeding, Punjab’s performance is at par with national trends. Among children

born in the past two years, 94.5% were ever breast-fed, against 95% at national level. The median

duration of breastfeeding among last-born children born in the last three years is lower than national

averages (Table 41). Latest available HMIS data (up to December 2019) highlights that 80.2% of

new-born children were breast fed within 1 hour of birth.

Water Supply and Sanitation

Clean water supply and appropriate sanitation facilities are imperative to ensure good health. SDG 6:

Clean Water and Sanitation, aims at ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and

sanitation for all. The close relation of this goal with a variety of goals like Good Health and Well-

Being (Goal 3) and Quality Education (Goal 4) makes the fulfillment of this goal imperative for

fulfilment of other goals.

61.1 61.771 71.2

89.8 90.8 92.9 99.2

Ind

ia

Tam

il N

adu

Gu

jara

t

Mah

aras

htr

a

Har

yan

a

An

dh

ra P

rades

h

Pun

jab

Ker

ala

92.9% households in Punjab have their

own toilets, much higher than national

average

87.589.9 90.6 90.9 91.5 91.6

94.3

99.1

An

dh

ra

Pra

des

h

Ind

ia

Tam

il N

adu

Gu

jara

t

Mah

aras

htr

a

Har

yan

a

Ker

ala

Pun

jab

Almost all households in Punjab have

access to improved sources of drinking

water

Figure 103: Proportion of households that have improved drinking water and toilets



Punjab has been successful in providing quality access to improved drinking water source. Almost

all households (99.1%) in Punjab have access to improved sources of drinking, as estimated by

NFHS 2015-16, (Figure 103). In comparison, at all-India level only 89.9% households have access to

improved sources of drinking water. Disaggregation by main source of drinking water highlights that

66.9% households have piped water into the dwelling as main source of drinking water. It is evident

that Punjab has made significant progress in access to clean water supply to all its households.

On the aspect of sanitation, Punjab is again amongst the front runner. 92.9% households in

Punjab have a toilet, while only 61.1% of households at all India level do, as presented in Figure

103. Punjab is the fourth state to be declared open defecation free (in both rural and urban areas).

However, as mentioned above not all households have a toilet. In near future Punjab is expected to

cover all households with toilet facilities and compete with states like Kerala where 99.2 % households

have toilets.

Various government initiatives in health sector

Ayushman Bharat-Sarbat Sehat Bima Yojana (AB-SSBY)

“Sarbat Sehat Bima Yojana” (SSBY) is a flagship State Health

Insurance Programme to provide annual health cover of Rs.

5.00 lac per family to over 75% population of Punjab i.e., 45.89

lac families, which is nearly three times the 14.86 lac families

covered under Ayushman Bharat, a Government of India

Scheme (AB-PMJAY). Further, SSBY provides both

secondary and tertiary care treatment unlike its predecessor

Bhagat Puran Singh Sehat Bima Yojana that provided an

annual health cover of Rs. 50,000 per family for secondary care

treatments only. An outlay of Rs. 250.00 crore was proposed

during the 2019-20 budget. The scheme came into operation in August 2019, in collaboration with the

Ayushman Bharat Scheme.

National Viral Hepatitis Control Programme (NVHCP)

Punjab is the first state to initiate screening & treatment of Hepatitis C under Mukh Mantri Punjab

Hepatitis C relief Fund (MMPHCRF) as a state initiative. Based on Punjab model Government of India

developed National Viral Hepatitis Control Programme (NVHCP). The Key points under the

programme are as follows:

• Free drugs worth Rs. 73.00 crore have been provided to hepatitis C patients by the state from

state funds.

• From initiation of the programme, till December 2019, more than 1,10,000 persons have been

screened and more than 76,000 patients have been put on treatment with cure rate of 93.30%.

Health and Wellness Centers Punjab

Aiming to deliver healthcare services to patients at their doorsteps especially in rural areas Government

of Punjab is converting all the 2650 sub centers of the state into Health & Wellness Centers (HWC) in

a phased manner. Till date, 1365 HWCs have been operationalized in the state. 925 community health

officers have already been recruited for these centers. All essential medicines and 6 diagnostic tests like

Hb test, Blood sugar test, pregnancy testing kit, urine albumin test, sputum test and malaria slides are

being made available in adequate quantity at these centers to support the expanded range of services

and to provide medicines for chronic illnesses close to communities so that people do not have to travel

long distances to get medicines.

Annual health cover of

Rs. 5.00 lakh per family

to over 75% population

of Punjab i.e., 45.89 lakh

families


The burden of non-communicable diseases like hypertension, diabetes and cancers is on the rise in the

state. These centers will help in early detection basic management appropriate referrals and long term

follow up. A total 2,02,235 individuals are taking treatment for hypertension and 1,29,784 for diabetes

at health and wellness centers. Wellness activities like yoga sessions and creation for herbal gardens are

being carried out to HWCs to include healthy lifestyles in the community.

Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme

Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) was launched in Punjab on 12 June 2007, for early

reporting of communicable diseases, their outbreak identification and effective timely response. The

State has network of State Surveillance Unit and District Surveillance Units in all 22 districts with

identified 3,230 sub centers (S-Form), 2,172 units in medical institutions (P-Form) and 796 laboratories

(L-Form) as reporting units for disease surveillance. State Referral Lab Network has been established

in GMC Amritsar, Faridkot, Patiala to provide access to diagnostic facilities for epidemic prone diseases

during outbreaks. All the 22 District Microbiology Labs have been established to provide facility for

disease identification at district level. All these labs are performing culture sensitivity and serology tests

free of cost.

Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakaram (RBSK)

Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakaram is an initiative aimed at early identification & early intervention

for children from birth to 18 years to cover 4 Ds i.e. Defect at birth, Deficiencies, Diseases and

Development Delays including disability for selected 31 diseases. Any child suffering from any one of

selected 31 diseases under 4Ds and referred by Mobile Health Team is treated free of cost at all

Government, Government medical colleges in the Punjab State and PGI Chandigarh. Children suffering

from Rheumatic Heart Disease and Congenital Heart Disease (RHD/CHD) are also treated free of cost

at super specialty hospitals.

Supplementary Nutrition Programme

The following six services are being provided to the children of age group 6 months to 6 years and

women of age group of 15 to 45 years at Anganwadi level:

1. Supplementary Nutrition;

2. Immunization;

3. Health Check-up;

4. Nutrition and Health Education;

5. Referral Services and

6. Pre-School Education.

Under this scheme, a budget provision of Rs. 140.00 crore has been made for the financial year 2019-

20.

Scheme for Adolescent Girls (SAG) (Earlier Name: Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment

of Adolescent Girls (RGSEA)

This scheme is centrally sponsored scheme is being implemented by Ministry of Women & Child

Development in 6 districts namely, Faridkot, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Mansa and Patiala of

Punjab State. This scheme has been formulated by merging Kishori Shakti Yojana and Nutrition

Programme for Adolescent Girls (NPAG). This scheme is being started in 200 districts of the country

as a pilot project.


Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyaan (PMSMA)

Under the scheme, free ante-natal checkup is provided to pregnant women on the 9th of every month.

This is to ensure that every pregnant woman receives at least one ANC in her second and third trimester

by a specialist. PMSMA was launched in state in the month of June 2016 starting with 6 districts with

the objective to provide quality ANC to every pregnant woman. It gradually increased to 17 districts in

July and to all 22 districts in August & September 2016. The progress of the scheme is highlighted in

Table 42.

Table 42: Progress made under Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA)

Poshan Abhiyaan (National Nutrition Mission: NNM)

In order to address the prevalence of malnutrition, Government of India has approved setting-up of

National Nutrition Mission (NNM) and to roll it out in a phased manner with aim to achieve

improvement in nutritional status of children from 0-6 years, pregnant women and lactating mothers. A

budget provision of Rs. 10,661.96 lac was made for the year 2019-20.

Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana

This is a centrally sponsored scheme and is being implemented in all districts of the State since 2018.

The main objective of the scheme is to uplift the nutritional and health status of pregnant ladies and

nursing mothers and infants. Under this scheme, a budget provision of Rs. 33.14 crore has been made

for the year 2019-20.

National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular

Diseases & Stroke (NPCSCS)

NPCSDS Programme is being implemented in all the 22 districts of the State under which early

diagnosis and treatment of four diseases i.e. cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and stroke is

available. Under the programme, 8 ‘Stroke Ready Units’ are already operational, and 5 more districts

hospitals will be made functional. Two 50 bedded each, Tertiary Cancer Care Centres (TCCC) are

established at Fazilka and Hoshiarpur. The establishment process of TCCC, Fazilka has been started by

the Punjab Health Systems Corporation. Government of India has also approved State Cancer Institute

(SCI) at Government Medical College, Amritsar. The establishment process of SCI has also been started

by Punjab Health Systems Corporation, Mohali.

Mukh Mantri Punjab Cancer Raahat Kosh

It is a cashless scheme under which financial assistance up to Rs.1.50 lac shall be provided for the

treatment to each cancer patient. All those cancer patients who are resident of the Punjab State shall be

eligible under this scheme. Till date financial assistance of Rs. 770.00 crore has been sanctioned to

59,157cancer patients.

Year

Total number of pregnant

women Received Antenatal care

under PMSMA

Total Number of high-risk

pregnancies identified Proportion

Up to Jan 2020 92398 14880 16.1%


Punjab State AIDS Control Society

Blood Transfusion Services

Access to safe blood is mandated by law and is the primary responsibility of National AIDS Control

Organisation (NACO). The specific objective of the blood transfusion services (BTS) is to have access

to safe and quality blood and blood components through network of 116 Blood Banks (46 NACO

supported blood banks/Government, 6 Military, 64 Private) which includes 67 Blood Component

Separation Units. Out of 67 BCSU, 20 are in Government Sector.

Basic Services Division

A total number of 11,84,030 patients were tested in Integrated Counselling & Testing Centres (ICTCs)

from April 2018 to March 2019. Out of these 8,131 were detected positive; commutative HIV positivity

being 0.69%. There were 320 ANC mothers positive during the current year (up to March 2019) and 85

known positive ANC. Total live births were 357 and MB pair given to 320. Total number of ICTCs

operational in state up to March 2019 are 943.

Counselling and testing activity is being carried out in 9 Central jails of Punjab and extensive field HIV

testing through mobile ICTC. 36,499 clients have been tested from April 2018 to March 2019 out of

which 789 have been detected positive. F-ICTC has been established in 174 OOAT centres of Punjab.

ANM and Staff Nurses at PHC level have been trained by TISS SAKSHAM on HIV & Syphilis testing.

Care Support & Treatment (CST)

The main objective of Care Support & Treatment is to provide comprehensive package of Care Support

& Treatment to person living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). In Punjab, currently there are 9 (8 ART and 1

ART Plus) fully functional ART Centers and 4 facility integrated ART Centres. 7,992 new PLHIV were

registered at ART Centres/FI-ART Centres of Punjab from April 2018 to March 2019. Out of these

7188 PLHIV are initiated on ART and total 6226 PLHIV are currently alive and on ART.

Initiatives to control Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs) are important public

health problems. Individuals with Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) & Reproductive Tract

Infections (RTI) have significantly higher chance of acquiring and transmitting HIV infection.

STI & RTIs are more prevalent in females as compared to males because of anatomical difference.

Complete treatment is must to save them from infertility, menstrual disorders and other complications.

STI/ RTI clinics are functional in all district hospitals and few of sub-district health facilities where free

lab tests and drug kits for different diseases are made available for complete treatment of patients and

their partners also. Free counselling services are also provided at above facilities. Special care is

provided to ANC cases. Presently 100% coverage of ANC cases for testing and timely treatment is also

being done to make state free of congenital & neonatal syphilis.

Function of clinics is reviewed by review meetings and methods to improve work performance are also

discussed & implemented in year 2018-19. The number of STI/RTI Clinics which were 23 in 2009-10,

has now been increased to 31 in 2018-19 at district/sub-districts hospitals and Government Medical

Colleges.

Targeted Interventions for High Risk Group Population: Program is implemented through NGOs

and provides services pertaining to Behaviour Change Communication, Condom promotion, STI care,

referrals to HIV testing and Anti Retro viral Treatment, Harm Reduction including Opioid Substitution

Treatment for HRGs and Bridge populations. At present, 54 targetted interventions and 2 Link Worker

Schemes (LWS) are operational in the state covering 11426 Female Sex Workers (FSWs), 2857 Men

having Sex with Men (MSMs), 12982 Injecting Drug Users (IDUs), 50884 Migrants, 20854 Truckers.


Similarly, OST program is being implemented at 23 health care facilities in the public health setting

and 6 in NGO setting. Sublingual Buprenorphine and Methadone is being provided to the IDUs as part

of harm reduction intervention. At present, 25132 IDUs initiated on treatment at OST Centres.

Drug Control: Punjab State Board for De-addiction and Rehabilitation

Table 43: Number of OPD and IPD patients at de-addiction centres

The Punjab State Board for

De-addiction and

Rehabilitation has been

constituted under the

chairmanship of the Chief

Minister, Punjab which will

supervise the work relating to

drug de-addiction and

rehabilitation in the state. The

Board includes eminent

medical professionals and

prominent civil society

representatives. Similarly, in

each district, a drug de-

addiction and rehabilitation

society has been constituted under the Chairmanship of Deputy Commissioner of the respective

Districts. Civil Surgeon, Psychiatrist, District Social Security Officer and SSP as other members to

supervise these efforts. The status of OPD and IPD patients of de-addiction is presented in Table 43.

OOAT Programme

To tackle the issue of growing drug addiction, Punjab Government has initiated the Out-Patient Opioid

Assisted Treatment (OOAT) program in pilot phase in 3 districts (Amritsar, Moga and Tarn Taran) on

26 October 2017. The program was further extended to other districts on 17 May 2018. The department

has followed a need based approach, under which only people with severe problems are being admitted

in the indoor facilities, while most of the rest patients are treated in OPD facility. Apart from the de-

addiction treatment, other services like HIV testing, TB treatment, STI services and ART for PLHIV

drug dependents are available, with the help of PSACS and NHM. For avoiding duplicity and keeping

track of patients and better follow up, a central registry system has been developed and UID numbers

are being assigned to each patient for future reference. The secrecy of the patients is being maintained

at all levels in the system.

Presently 193 OOAT clinics are functional in the State where 1,07,352 registered patients are being

monitored continuously by the Psychiatrists through central registry system. Registered patients are

living with the family members in the society instead of hospital environment and are carrying out their

regular jobs. Government has taken new initiative to provide take-home medicines to the patients which

gives a convenient environment for treatment of patients.

Year OPD IPD

2012 13680 3841

2013 24031 6624

2014 202756 6328

2015 114482 11019

2016 70398 4370

2017 108767 8348

2018 212067 10884

2019 (Till October) 167463 15404


Education attainment

Education is the stepping-stone towards human development and quality life, opening doors to

better opportunities to learn and grow. SDG 4 – ‘Quality Education’ aims to ensure inclusive and

equitable quality education and promoting life-long learning opportunities for all. The Punjab

Government has been dedicated towards providing a conducive learning environment in the State. The

State government aims to bring a qualitative improvement in school education and promote the Right

to Education (2011) in letter and spirit. Punjab boasts of a strong educational infrastructure and outcome

indicators.

With a score of 67 on SDG4 (Quality Education) of the Niti

Aayog’s SDG Index 2019-20, Punjab is ahead of the national

average (India scores a 58 on this component) and has shown

significant improvement over its score in the baseline report.

Punjab with a score of 0.8 ranks 2nd out of 18 big states, on the

Human Resource Development aspect of the Good Governance

Index, launched by the Ministry of Personnel, Public

Grievances & Pensions. This aspect of the index measures

various aspects of education (outcome and gender parity

indicators) and skill development.

Literacy rate

Punjab has made significant progress in improving the literacy levels in the State. Literacy rate is

the primary indicator of the education level of an economy. Punjab has made significant progress in

improving its literacy rates over the years. As per Census 2011, Punjab has a literacy rate of 75.84%

growing from 34.12% in 1971, indicating an improvement of more than 10 percentage points every

decade (on average). In contrast, the national literacy rate in 2011 stood at 72.99%, rising from 34.45%

in 1971. However, the state needs to catch up with top ranking states like Kerala (94%) and Maharashtra

(82.34%). As per National Sample Survey (2014) the literacy rate in Punjab has risen to 80%. PLFS

Report indicates further improvement, with literacy rates in Punjab rising to 82.2%49.

Literacy rates for males is at par with the national trends as per Census 2011, with a rate of 80.5% in

Punjab and 80.9% at national level. In contrast, females in Punjab perform much better than females at

the national level. The literacy rate for females in Punjab is 70.7%, significantly higher than the

literacy rate of 64.7% for females at national level. It is evident that there exists a gender gap between

literacy rates of men and women. However, the strong performance of females in Punjab has helped in

reducing the gender gap in the state vis-a-vis national averages, as presented in Figure 104. Recent data,

as reported in PLFS 2017-18, indicates that gender gap has reduced further to 7.7 percentage points

(Males: 85.9% and Females: 78.2%).

49 PLFS and Census are not strictly comparable

Punjab ranks 2nd, on the

Human Resource

Development aspect of the

Good Governance Index

of MoS (PP)


The differential in rural-urban literacy rates in the State follows the national trend with the urban sector

performing better. Although, as in the case of gender gap, the rural-urban differential is much smaller

in Punjab (Figure 104). This has been contributed by the high literacy rates in rural Punjab vis-à-vis

rural India. Literacy rate for rural Punjab is 71.4% against 67.8% for India. On the contrary, the

performance of urban sector in Punjab is marginally lower than urban India. Literacy rates in urban

sectors for India is 84.2%, against 83.2% in Punjab. The rural urban differential in literacy rates has

also declined to 7.9 percentage points, as reported in PLFS 2017-18.

Punjab’s performance on adult literacy rate mirrors the trends observed in literacy rates in the

State. Adult literacy is defined for the population that is aged 15 years or above. Census 2011 highlights

that adult literacy rate in Punjab was 73%, higher than the national average of 69.3%. The gender

disparity and rural-urban differential is evident in terms of adult literacy also, although the gap is much

lesser at Punjab level (Figure 104). Males and urban areas record a higher adult literacy rate.

Other Outcome Indicators

Enrollment Ratios

The enactment of Right To Free and Compulsory Education Act (2009) and the subsequent adoption of

the Act by Punjab Government in 2011 aims to provide universal access to education to all children

between the age group of 6 to 14 years. Consequently, the Punjab Government also aims to achieve

100% Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) and 100% Net Enrollment Ratio (NER) in the education sector.

The latest available estimates for GER for 2018-19 for Punjab indicate that the State is close to

achieving the target of 100% GER at primary, upper primary and secondary levels of education. For

estimates of NER for 2018-19 indicate that the state still has some way to go before achieving the 100%

target (Table 44).

16.3%

9.7%

16.4%

11.8%

19.6%

11.0%

20.3%

14.4%

India Punjab India Punjab India Punjab India Punjab

Gender Gap Rural-Urban Differential Gender Gap Rural-Urban Differential

Literacy Adult Literacy

Gender gap and rural-urban differential in literacy rates in Punjab are

relatively lower than national level

Figure 104: Gender Gap and Rural-Urban differential in literacy rates in Punjab and India (2011)

Source: Census 2011


Table 44: Enrollment ratios for different levels of education (2018-19)

The estimates for 2017-18 for GER in Punjab across all stages of education highlights that Punjab

is doing relatively better than the national average. Table 45 provides a comparison of GER in

Punjab vis-à-vis the national average and other select states. Punjab’s GER at all levels of education is

better than bigger states like Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh.

Table 45: GER across different levels of education in Punjab and other select states (in %)

States

Primary

Education

Upper

Primary

Education

Secondary

Education

Higher

Secondary

Education

Higher Education

2005-

06

2017-

18

2005-

06

2017-

18

2013-

14

2017-

18

2013-

14 2017-18

2010-

11 2017-18

Punjab 65.3 96.2 55.0 95.0 86.4 88.9 71.8 70.6 19.4 30.3

India 103.8 94.2 59.2 90.9 76.6 79.4 52.2 56.5 19.4 25.8

Andhra Pradesh 96.8 85.6 74.3 83.9 75.2 79.3 60.3 47.3 28.4 30.9

Gujarat 100.3 94.6 49.9 94.6 74.5 77.1 48.5 46.5 21.3 20.1

Haryana 57.9 97.9 41.5 96.7 86.2 92.9 69.6 59.4 24.1 28.7

Kerala 76.2 95.3 77.1 93.4 102.5 97.4 87.6 79.1 21.9 36.2

Maharashtra 96.8 97.4 80.7 98.2 85.6 92.7 58.8 71.2 27.6 31.1

Tamil Nadu 118.6 97.8 106.5 84.6 92.5 86.9 75.9 82.5 32.9 48.6

Source: DISE Report Card (2017-18) and All India Survey on Higher Education (2017-18) Department of

Higher Education, MHRD

Looking at individual levels of education, Punjab has been successful in showing a great

improvement in its GER at the primary and upper primary level. Over a span of 12 years (between

2005-06 and 2017-18), the State has raised the GER to reach close to the target of 100%. Punjab’s GER

(for 2017-18) at secondary and higher secondary level has been maintained around the same value. At

the higher education level, Punjab has shown significant improvement over the last 8 years, raising

GER from 19.4% to 30.3%. Overall, GER in Punjab has risen over time.

NER in Punjab has been at par with national averages for primary to secondary levels of

education as per estimates for 2016-17 (Table 46). NER, an age adjusted measure of enrollment, is

Level of Education GER NER

Primary 93.6 89.0

Upper Primary 91.5 85.2

Secondary 92.8 55.9

High Secondary 76.2 44.3

Source: Department of School Education, Punjab


believed to be a better estimate of enrolment ratios as it takes into account whether the student is enrolled

in an age appropriate class or not. Punjab has been able to significantly improve its NER at all levels of

education, to bring it close to the national averages. Consistent with trends in GER, the NER at primary

and secondary levels has risen to reach near the 100% target. The estimates for 2018-19 (Table 44)

highlight further improvement in the State’s NER towards achieving the target.

Table 46: NER across different levels of education in Punjab and other select states

in %

Primary Upper Primary Secondary Higher Secondary

2005

-06 2017-18

2005-

06 2017-18 2013-14 2017-18 2013-14 2017-18

Punjab 51.8 78.2 37.7 66.7 47.5 50.4 37.9 39.4

India 84.5 82.5 43.1 72.6 45.6 52.1 30.4 32.6

Andhra Pradesh 75.3 70.3 53.0 60.9 43.6 48.4 37.6 29.0

Gujarat 78.9 82.5 36.6 71.0 44.9 49.1 28.4 29.5

Haryana 38.1 77.6 20.3 72.8 46.2 54.8 36.4 32.3

Kerala - 86.5 58.5 80.0 73.8 74.9 57.5 60.9

Maharashtra - 86.4 57.1 79.4 56.3 62.5 35.6 44.7

Tamil Nadu 93.9 86.0 77.3 69.3 61.6 62.4 51.4 56.9

Note: ‘- ‘indicates unavailability of data

Source: DISE Report Card (for respective years)

Drop-out Rates

Table 47: Drop-out rates at different levels of education in Punjab (2018-19)

Punjab has made

great improvement in

reducing the drop-out

rates across different

levels of education,

especially at the

primary level. Drop-

out rates in Punjab at

primary level reduced

from 8.9% in 2005-06

to 1.5% % in 2018-19.

Drop-out rates measures the proportion of students failing to complete a particular level of education or

not enrolling for the next level. The low drop-out rates are an indication of the success of Punjab

government at not only bringing to children to school but also ensuring that they remain there. The state

aims to reduce drop-out rates to zero at all education levels.

Comparison with national level trends highlights that Punjab has significantly lower drop-out

rates, as presented in Table 48, except at higher secondary education level. However, Punjab has

some distance to cover to achieve the zero drop-out rate target

Level of Education Drop-out rates

Primary 1.5

Upper Primary 2.3

Secondary 5.7

Higher Secondary 9.0



Table 48: Drop-out Rates across different levels of education in Punjab and other select states (2016-

17)

in % Primary Upper Primary Secondary Higher Secondary

Punjab 2.8 2.9 8.6 6.0

India 6.4 5.7 19.9 6.0

Andhra Pradesh 1.9 0.9 - -

Gujarat 1.0 6.5 24.1 6.6

Haryana - - 12.2 3.3

Kerala 0.1 - 12.8 2.1

Maharashtra 0.7 1.2 11.3 2.9

Tamil Nadu 0.5 1.3 10.0 3.8

Note: ‘- ‘indicates unavailability of data

Source: DISE Report Card (2016-17)

Transition Rates

Transition rates in Punjab indicate that majority of the students’ progress to the next level of

education in theState. As of 2018-19, transition rate stood at 95.9% for primary to upper primary level,

and 91.9% for upper primary to secondary level. Comparing with the national average indicates that

Punjab’s performance is relatively better (Table 49). The focus of the government to provide quality

universal education may be attributed to more and more students continuing education.

Table 49: Transition Rates across different levels of education in Punjab and other select states (2016-

17), in %

Primary to Upper

Primary

Elementary to

Secondary

Secondary to Higher

Secondary

Punjab 95.7 94.3 85.7

India 88.6 90.3 66.4

Andhra

Pradesh 97.2 97.8 -

Gujarat 97.7 84.2 60.0

Haryana 99.5 97.8 76.4

Kerala 100.0 100.0 75.9

Maharashtra 99.2 98.5 83.5

Tamil Nadu 98.6 96.8 83.3

Note: ‘- ‘indicates unavailability of data; Source: DISE Report Card (2016-17)

Transition rates in Punjab have been higher than the national average, especially in terms of

transition rate from secondary to higher secondary. This is evident from the high enrolment ratios

and significantly lower drop-out rates in the State.


Learning Outcomes

Punjab has shown great improvement in ensuring access to education at all levels of education,

especially elementary education (primary and upper primary). The state’s performance on various

outcome indicators like enrollment ratios, transition and drop-out rates has been significantly better than

national average, especially at primary level. Punjab is on the verge of achieving 100% GER at primary

and upper-primary level. Going beyond, it is essential that once the children are in school, they learn.

Learning outcomes indicate the ability of students to be able to understand and inculcate the course

material.

To improve the learning levels of students particularly at primary stage of schooling, a state flagship

Learning Enhancement Program ‘Padho Punjab Padhao Punjab (PPPP)’ was launched in 2017 in all

government schools from classes I to VIII to ensure age and grade appropriate levels of learning of

students in a time bound manner. A snapshot of improvement in learning during 2018-19 through PPPP

programme as against the set targets is reflected in Table 50.

Table 50: Class Wise Percentages of Achieved Targets (2018-19)

Class Baseline Result (%)

(August 2018)

Post Test Result (%)

(February 2019) Progress (%)

First 16 82 66

Second 28 80 52

Third 35 77 42

Fourth 37 76 39

Fifth 48 82 34

Total 35 79 44

Source: SCERT, Punjab

The learning levels targeted to be achieved for different subjects in classes I to V were determined by

the Department of School Education. The overall percentage of targets achieved by students from class

I-V in the Base-line Test conducted in August 2018 was just 35%, which under PPPP went up to 79%

in End-line Test held in February 2019.

The PPPP has been extended to 9th and 10th classes and thereafter to 11th and 12th classes. The impact

of “Padho Punjab Padhao Punjab” project is visible from the Punjab School Board’s results for the

session 2018-19 (Table 51).

Table 51: Padho Punjab Padhao Punjab Evaluation Results (Punjab School Board results: 2018-19)

Subject Class Baseline (%) End line (%) Progress (%)

Math

Upper Primary

(VI to VIII)

52.8 77.2 +24.4

Science 41.3 66.2 +24.

English 85 94 +9

S.St. 48.2 69.7 +21.5

Math IX 37.5 74.3 +36.2


Subject Class Baseline (%) End line (%) Progress (%)

Math X 45.0 80.0 +35.0

English IX-X 48.8 68 +19.2

S.St. IX-X 51.0 75.1 +24.1

Science IX 40.5 64.6 +24.1

Science X 41.9 67.1 +25.2


Table 52: Punjab School Education Board Results (2018-19)

A comparison of results of

government and private

school also suggests an

improvement in the quality

of government schools

(Table 52).

Education Infrastructure

The section talks about the human and physical infrastructure of education sector in Punjab.

Punjab is amongst the top performer on majority of school infrastructure indicators (Table 53).

Most of the schools in Punjab (in excess of 90%) are equipped with basic necessities like building,

boundary wall, drinking water, electricity and playground. Almost all schools are easily approachable

with all-weather roads. Punjab has also made great significant progress in ensuring that schools in the

state are equipped with modern technologies like computers. Over 3/4th schools in the state have

computers, against only 29.57% at national level.

Table 53: Punjab's performance on infrastructure related indicators vis-a-vis other select states (2017-

18)

%age of schools with

Building Boundary

wall

Approachable by all-

weather road

Water

Facility

Electric

Facility Playground Computer

Punjab 99.9 98.0 99.6 99.7 99.6 89.4 75.6

Andhra

Pradesh 99.5 63.1 93.5 97.2 93.5 56.9 32.8

Gujarat 100.0 93.9 99.3 100.0 99.9 81.1 72.8

Haryana 99.7 97.7 97.9 99.9 99.2 86.2 50.1

Kerala 99.9 84.6 97.3 99.6 98.0 74.4 95.6

Maharashtra 99.7 82.9 97.5 98.6 94.7 87.8 68.8

Tamil Nadu 100.0 81.7 98.6 99.2 99.6 78.8 58.5

Class Private Schools Government Schools

X 79.5% 88.2%

XII 83.7% 88.1%



%age of schools with

Building Boundary

wall

Approachable by all-

weather road

Water

Facility

Electric

Facility Playground Computer

All India 98.8 65.4 86.9 95.8 67.6 62.1 29.6

Source: DISE (2017-18)

Availability of adequate physical infrastructure helps in building an environment conducive to learning

and development. Punjab has made significant progress in ensuring availability of adequate

infrastructure, as presented in Table 54. Further, as of 2017-18, Punjab had 33 colleges per lac of

population, translating to an average 576 enrollment per college. In contrast, at all India level, there are

28 colleges per lac of population.

Table 54: Number of educational institutes in Punjab

Type of Educational Institute 2000 2010 2019

Primary/ Junior Basic School 13076 13950 13895

Middle/ Senior Basic School 2534 3792 5234

Senior Secondary Schools 1189 NA 5159

University 5 6 16*

Arts, Science, Commerce, Home Science Colleges 204 234 276*

Engineering, Technology and Architecture Colleges 16 84 103*

Medical Colleges 6 8 9*

High/Post Basic Schools 2199 NA 4524

Polytechnic Institutions 20 86 136*

Technical Industrial Art & Craft Schools 119 112 349*

Teacher Training Colleges 22 NA 186*

Note: * indicates data is for the year 2016

Source: Department of School Education, Punjab and Economics and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

For the year 2019, Pupil Teacher Ratio in Punjab stood at 21:1 at the primary level and 22:1 at

the upper primary level, which is significantly better than the recommended level (30:1). The

biggest human infrastructure in the education sector is the teaching staff. Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR)

measures the average number of pupils per teacher in a school during an academic year. The RTE Act

prescribes that the PTR should be 30:1 and 35:1, at the primary and upper primary level, respectively.

Almost 80% of primary schools in Punjab have a PTR have a lower than 30:1, while only 5.4%

schools have a PTR greater than 50. At all India level, 70% of primary schools have a PTR of less

than 30 and 11.4% schools have a PTR greater than 40. Further assessment by DISE (2017-18)

highlights that, only 0.94% schools in Punjab are single-teacher schools, ranking the state 4th out of 29

states. PTR at secondary and higher secondary levels in Punjab stands at 12:1 and 23: 1 respectively.


Performance of Schools

With a learning-based focus, the School Education Quality index (SEQI), developed by Niti Aayog,

evaluates the performance of states and Union Territories (UTs) in the school education sector. The

index aims to help states and UTs identify opportunities for improvement and areas that need

government intervention. The index

includes 30 different indicators

categorized into two categories and 4

domains:

Category 1: Outcomes

o Domain 1: Learning Outcomes

o Domain 2: Access Outcomes

o Domain 3: Infrastructure &

Facilities for Outcomes

o Domain 4: Equity Outcomes

Category 2: Governance Processes

Aiding Outcomes

With the focus on learning, almost 50%

weight has been assigned to learning

outcomes, reinstating the importance of

children gaining tangible outcomes.

Punjab has maintained its 9th rank on the index in 2015-16 and 2016-17, with a score of 50.74 and

59.06 respectively (Figure 105). In tandem with most states, Punjab’s performance on Category 2 is

better than its performance on Category 1. Between 2015-16 and 2016-17, Punjab’s rank on Category

2 improved from 14 to 10, while it declined from 6 to 7 on Category 1.

Various government initiatives in education sector

School Education

Smart Schools

Availability of infrastructure in schools such as adequate number of classrooms, playground, parks,

science and ICT labs, toilets, all teachers has a direct impact on the quality and performance of schools.

Rural area schools have, by and large, lesser infrastructure in comparison to urban area schools while

they cater to comparatively larger proportion of students in the State. Various reports on the status of

education across different habitations reveals that the performance of students in urban area schools is

better than those who study in rural area schools, and such difference is more pronounced in backward

and difficult areas like border and Kandi, Bet areas. This difference can largely be ascribed to the

difference in the infrastructure and other educational facilities particularly the availability of teachers

in such schools.

In this backdrop, the State has been converting government schools into smart schools across the State

with special focus on the rural area schools. These schools are being developed as model schools in

which state of the art facilities are provided to impart quality education. These schools are being

provided facilities like smart classrooms, solar energy, good sports facilities, etc. In order to enhance

the quality of teaching–learning; schools are being provided green boards and proper furniture for

0

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Punjab maintains its 9th rank on SEQI

Figure 105: Score of Punjab and other states on SEQI

(2016-17)

Source: SEQI 2019


students. More than 5000 government primary, middle, high and senior secondary schools have been

converted into smart schools.

Box 19: Status of rural education in Punjab

Approximately 6855 smart classrooms in govt schools are being set up in different schools of the state

where education will be provided with the help of modern ICT tools such as projector, stick/micro PC,

Focusing only on the rural sector, the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) provides

estimates of children’s schooling status and basic learning levels for each state and rural district in

India. The focus of the survey is on basic learning, instead of checking grade-appropriate

competencies. Punjab’s performance on ASER surveys indicates that students in Punjab do better

(than national level trends) at the most basic tests like recognizing numbers and letter. But in

absolute terms, there is scope for improvement. Students are unable to perform harder tasks like

reading words or subtracting. The proportion of children, across classes 1, 3, 5 and 8 that can

perform various basic arithmetic and reading tasks in Punjab (vis-à-vis India) is highlighted below.

Table 55: Results of ASER Survey (2018) for Punjab and India

%age of students who can read

Not even letter Letter Word Standard I text Standard II text

Punjab India Punjab India Punjab India Punjab India Punjab India

Class 1 25 42.7 41.1 32.6 23.7 13.7 5 5.2 5.3 5.8

Class 3 7.1 12.1 15.5 22.6 19 20.8 19.1 17.3 39.4 27.2

Class 5 2.4 5.9 5.9 11.7 7 13 13.2 19.1 71.6 50.3

Class 8 1.9 1.9 3.7 5.3 2.8 6.7 6.5 13.2 85.1 72.8

%age of students who can

Not even 1-9

Recognize Numbers

Can subtract Can divide

1-9 10-99

Punjab India Punjab India Punjab India Punjab India Punjab India

Class 1 15 35.7 28.1 37.1 47.2 21.3 8.1 3.9 1.8 2

Class 3 2.4 7.6 12.6 26.9 35.3 37.5 38.8 19.6 10.9 8.5

Class 5 1.1 3.3 3.2 13.8 18.4 30.5 24.3 24.5 53 27.8

Class 8 0.9 1.1 3.3 5.6 13.2 27.3 20.2 22.1 62.4 43.9

Note: Cells in bold indicate better performance by Punjab as compared to India

Source: ASER Survey (2018)

The survey further highlights that most schools in rural Punjab provide for basic amenities to the

students. As of 2018, 82.7% schools have drinking water facility, 89.5% schools have toilet facility

(with 83.9% schools with separate toilets for females) and 99.6% of schools have electricity

connection. In contrast, only 74.8% in rural schools across India have drinking water facility,

74.2% have toilets (with only 66.4% schools with separate toilets for females) and 75% of schools

have electricity facilities. It is clear that rural schools in Punjab have better infrastructure facilities

in comparison than national trends.


speaker, writing-cum-projection white board etc. E content for pre-primary and classes I-X has already

been prepared and being sent to the schools. The State has made a policy of Smart Schools which is

available at www.ssapunjab.org.

English as a medium of instruction

With an aim of improving English language communication skills and help the students keep abreast of

worldwide developments, the Department introduced option of English medium in more than 6000

Primary, Middle, High and Senior Secondary government schools. At present nearly 2 lac students have

opted English as medium of instruction in these schools.

Launch of Pre-Primary Schooling

The State of Punjab has launched pre-primary classes for students of age group 3-6 in all Government

Primary Schools since 14th November 2017. Approximately 2.50 lac students are enrolled in schools

in the pre-primary sections in the session 2019-20. Child friendly material in the form of story books,

story cards, flash cards etc. has been prepared and circulated to all schools. E-Content has been prepared

according to the prescribed syllabus to create interest and to enhance the learning. Trainings for pre-

primary teachers and school head teachers have been organized at block level throughout the state to

acquaint them with the concept and contents related to pre-primary curriculum.

Separate Cadre for Border Areas

As it has been observed in Punjab, that many posts of teachers in backward and difficult areas normally

remain vacant. Even though the State has sought to fill posts in such areas on priority basis, yet after

some time teachers get transferred to places of their preference around more developed areas for

different reasons. The State of Punjab has created a separate cadre of teachers for border areas in order

to address the shortage of teachers in border areas. The teachers once recruited or opted for these

districts will remain in these districts only. In recent post, Department of School Education has recruited

3582 Master cadre teachers and most of them have been posted in Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Ferozepur,

Fazilka, Tarn Taran and Pathankot districts.

Creation of Exclusive Cadre for School Administrator

There are evidences that some schools perform better than others because of the leadership of the

principal or headmaster. Department has notified Exclusive Cadre of Educational Administrators vide

notification dated 07.06.2018. Provision has been made for direct recruitment of officers of senior level.

Recruitment for 2797 posts of 154 Principals, 672 Headmasters, 38 BPEOs, 375 Centre Head Teachers

(CHT) and1558 Head Teachers (HT) has been completed. Recruitment of Principals, Headmasters and

BPEOs is done by PPSC and for CHTs and HTs it is done by the Department itself.

Parho Punjab, Parhao Punjab

Taking serious note of the unsatisfactory learning levels of students particularly at primary stage of

schooling, the State of Punjab launched, the state flagship Learning Enhancement Program ‘Padho

Punjab Padhao Punjab’ (PPPP) in all government schools from classes 1st to 8th to ensure age and

class appropriate levels of learning of students in a time bound manner in 2017. The programme focuses

on enhancement of creativity of the brilliant students and emphasizes to strengthen their capabilities. It

also puts stress upon educating each child with the thrust on their understandings of concept instead of

merely learning. Under this programme the students’ learning is assessed and they are put into different

groups as per their learning levels. Teachers have been trained to use activity-based teaching learning

techniques to improve the learning levels of the students and to move students to the next higher level

of learning in a time bound manner. It is heartening to note that the students learning levels have started

improving through the Learning Enhancement Programme PPPP, as discussed in the section ‘Learning

Outcomes’.


E-governance in the working of the Department

To expedite the completion of teachers’ service-related matters without any delay in a transparent way,

the department has initiated the process of inducting e-governance dispensing with the necessity to

apply through papers and by visiting offices personally. Virtually all data related to schools, students

and teachers are computerized and uploaded on e-Punjab portal on the website of the Department.

Special instructions have been given to officers at the Head Quarter and districts not to demand any

information from schools if it is already available on portal. Various service matters of teachers like

their leaves, transfer and grievance redressal are done online.

IT interventions and e-Governance initiatives undertaken

1. Online School Management System “ePunjabSchool".

2. e-office: For tracking of Diary/Dak and File Movements.

3. GIS Mapping of schools: GIS coordinates of all Government Schools have been collected and

mapped on online system.

4. Unification of portals: All portals and websites of dept. of school education have been clubbed

into single portal.

5. Mobile Applications: School Login, Staff Login, Mobile Biometric Attendance System, My office,

MDM Monitoring.

6. Biometric Attendance system has been implemented in 1000 schools across in Punjab on pilot basis.

An amount of Rs. 5.63 crores has been approved under the budget. It will be introduced in all the

schools across the state in the year 2019-20.

7. Following Software have been introduced during last one year:

▪ Online Leave Management System

▪ Online ACR submissions

▪ Online tracking of Disciplinary Actions of employees

▪ Online Medical Bills and Service Books

▪ No dak is being collected from schools

▪ Mid-Day Meal Register is done away with

▪ Online clearance of extension in service

▪ Online pension clearance

▪ Online Assessment of students

▪ Online attendance of students

Recruitments

The Department has been making efforts to fill all posts of teachers and school heads through direct

and promotion method on regular basis. If all posts of teachers in schools are filled, the problem of

frequent transfers and skewed deployment of teachers in different areas would vanish. About 3278

master cadre, 1337 ETT cardres, 60 C&V cadres, 61 clerks, 7 library restorer, 3 SLAS and 156

teachers were recruited in meritorious school. As many as 129 class IV teachers have been recruited

during the year 2018-19. 161 ETT teachers (backlog of 103 physically handicapped & 58 freedom


fighter) have been recruited during the year 2019-20. In recent post, Department of School Education

has recruited 3582 Master Cadre teachers and most of them have been posted in Amritsar, Gurdaspur,

Ferozepur, Fazilka, Tarn Taran and Pathankot districts.

Rationalization Policy

Because of variations in enrolment in schools over the years, the deployment of teachers needs to be

reviewed from time to time in order to utilize the services of teachers optimally. Rationalization policy

for deployment of teachers was proposed by the department and same has been approved by CMM

in the meeting held on 02.01.2019. The rationalization policy is available at www.ssapunjab.org.

Teacher Transfer Policy

With the objective of deployment of human resources in an optimal, fair and transparent manner and

to protect academic interests of students and to maximize job satisfaction amongst employees of

education department, a policy was prepared and approved from Government & the Cabinet. A

software has been prepared to do transfers of teachers on-line. Transfer policy has been implemented

and online applications were invited for transfers in 2019-20. Transfers of teachers have been done

on-line as per policy this year. The transfer policy is available at www.ssapunjab.org.

Regularizations of Teachers

Approximately 9,000 teachers have been regularized working under different societies. Department

has also regularized the services of teachers recruited under 5178 recruitment process.

Grading of Schools

In order to increase the competition among schools, Department of School Education of Punjab has

graded all the Senior Secondary and High Schools. Grading of schools is being done on the parameters

such as: annual result of students; infrastructure of school; co-curricular activities; attendance of

students; involvement of SMC and public in school. There has been a very good response among the

teachers and this initiative of the Department has created a healthy competition among the schools.

Department has also identified the best school in the block, district and in the State. The policy of

grading of school in available at www.ssapunjab.org. The parameters for grading of schools are:

Table 56: Parameters for grading of schools

Sr. No. Parameters Marks

1 Annual results of students 50

2 Infrastructure of school 20

3 Co-curricular activities 15

4 Attendance of students 10

5 Involvement of SMC/Public 5

Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan

From the year 2018-19, the centrally sponsored schemes of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Rashtriya

Madhayamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) and Teacher Education (TE) have been subsumed into single

Integrated Scheme of school education which is named as “Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan”. The objective

of the scheme is to achieve 100% terms of school access, enrolments of children of age group 4-18


years, retention and zero dropout. Quality education and enhanced learning outcomes are also thrust

area of this scheme. Two new schemes were launched during 2019-20, namely, “Samagraha Shiksha

Abhiyan (Elementary)” and “Samagraha Shiksha Abhiyan (Secondary)” with an outlay of Rs. 750.00

crore and Rs. 323.00 crore. A few of the activities being under Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan are as follows:

1. Free Uniforms for all girls and SC/ST/BPL boys studying in classes 1st to 8th in

Government schools.

2. Free Textbooks for non-SC students of classes 1st to 8th in government and government

aided schools.

3. Special training for out of school children in age group 6-14 years for mainstreaming them

into regular schools.

4. 3800 smart classrooms are being established in Government primary, middle, high and

senior secondary schools.

Attendance scholarship to handicapped girl students in the rural areas

In order to uplift the status of the disabled girls in the rural areas and to make them self-reliant,

incentives in the form of Attendance Scholarships are provided to the handicapped girl students in rural

areas to cover the partial cost of uniform & books etc. Under this scheme, a budget provision of Rs.

58.00 lac was proposed for the year 2019-20.

Higher Education

Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA)

RUSA envisages to improve the standards of higher education. Under Phase 2 of this scheme Punjab

has been allocated Rs.174.00 crore. The details of grants are as follows:

1. Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar has been sanctioned Rs.100.00 crore for Enhancing

Quality and Excellence. The agriculture research and innovation centre and the department

of sports science and medicine will collaborate with Cornell University and South Florida

University, USA respectively for establishment of entrepreneurship and employability

hubs.

2. Punjabi University Patiala has been sanctioned Rs. 50.00 crore for research, innovation and

quality improvement. The University proposes to undertake research in

Phytopharmaceuticals, Functional Foods, Nanotechnology, Bio resource utilisation, Agro

Waste Management, New Drug Development and Toxicity Testing.

3. To increase access in Higher Education, a new Model Degree College is being opened in

the aspirational district of Moga.

4. Rs. 7.00 crore have been sanctioned for faculty improvement programs to be undertaken

by GNDU Amritsar under aegis of RUSA.

Construction of New Colleges

To enhance the accessibility of Higher Education Government has proposed 27 Degree colleges at

different subdivisions of Punjab. The State has released Rs. 32.50 crore for the construction of 11 of

these colleges.

Bebe Nanki College for girls at Sultanpur Lodhi

In commemoration of the 550th Birth Anniversary of Shri Guru Nanak Dev ji, a Government College at

village Fattu Dhinga has been opened. It has been handed over to Guru Nanak Dev University to be run

as constituent college.


Upgradation of libraries of Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar and Punjabi University,

Patiala into E-libraries

In compliance of the announcement made by the Honourable Chief Minister of Punjab regarding up-

gradation of libraries in the two state Universities into digital libraries, a provision of Rs. 10.00 crore

has been sanctioned.

Technical Education

Chief Minister Scholarship Scheme

The scheme has been implemented for the benefit of

meritorious students studying in Government

Polytechnic Colleges. As a result of this the

Polytechnic Colleges have been able to attract

meritorious students and the admission status has also

improved by 39% approximately.

Provision of free-Wifi facility

A MoU has been signed between Department of Technical Education & Industrial Training and

Reliance Jio Infocom Ltd. to provide all campuses of government promoted Engineering colleges,

Government Polytechnic College and Government Industrial Training Institutes with Wifi facility free

of cost.

Establishment of Guru Gobind Singh Institute of Skills

After registration of 42 acres of land at Sri Chamkaur Sahib, the Sri Guru Gobind Singh Institute of

Skills was inaugurated by the Honourable Chief Minister, Punjab on 6th March 2019. The process for

hiring IIT Roopnagar as consultant has been initiated by IKGPTU, Kapurthala.

Setting up laboratories

In order to enable overseas placement and improve the communication skills of the youth of Punjab,

setting up of 4 laboratories in Patiala, Ludhiana, Bathinda & Jalandhar with an annual capacity of 100

candidates at each lab has been proposed. This will be undertaken in collaboration with British Council.

Establishment of Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs)

The Government plans to establish 15 new Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) with an initial outlay of

Rs. 15.00 crore. Further, Government Industrial Training Institute, Ropar is proposed to be upgraded

into Model ITI and Government Polytechnics into Centres of Excellence. Adding to this, new

Government Polytechnics have been proposed to be established in districts where no Government

Polytechnics exist and an allocation of Rs. 7.00 crore has been provided in the budget for 2019-20

towards the same.

Women empowerment

For a balanced development of any economy, the women in the society need to be empowered.

Historically, women have been subjected to discrimination across all domains of life, from education

to healthcare to household decision making to employment. And despite significant progress, women

continue to be the ‘weaker sex’, across the globe. It needs to be understood that an equal status is not

merely a basic human right, but also essential for a sustainable development. SDG 5 which aims at

achieving gender equality and empowering all women and girls, reinstate the need for women to be

given their due place in the world. Majority of Indian states fall in the ‘Aspirant’ category for SDG 5

on Niti Aayog’s SDG Index. Kerala and Sikkim are the only two states in the ‘Performer’ category.

Scholarship has helped increase

admissions to polytechnic colleges

by 39%


Punjab has previously been

under the radar for high

incidence of female feticide

and infanticide, and other

forms of discrimination

against women. However, the

State has made significant

progress in empowering the

women in Punjab. To further

curb the practice of female

feticide, the Bebe Nanki

Laadli Beti Kalyan Scheme is

being implemented in the State

since 2011-12. The scheme

has been providing financial

assistance to families so that

the ‘financial burden’ of

raising daughters is not a

concern. As highlighted in Chapter 1, Punjab has shown the highest improvement in sex ratio between

2005-07 and 2015-17, raising the sex ratio in the state to be at par with the national average. However,

district level differences continue to exist, ranging from 868 in Bathinda to 961 in Hoshiarpur, as

highlighted in Figure 106.

Educational indicators for females

Literacy rates for female in Punjab stood at 70.7%, as per Census 2011 (Rural women: 65.8%

and Urban women: 79.2%), significantly higher than the national average of 64.7%. Yet, in sync

with the national trends, literacy rate for females continues to be lowerthan males. The gender gap in

literacy rates was 9.7 percentage points as recorded in the Census of 2011. However, Punjab has made

significant progress in increasing literacy of

women. Between 2001 and 2011, the

literacy rate for women increased from

63.5% to the latest estimate of 70.7%,

reducing the gender gap from 11.9% to

9.7%.

It is well known that educating a man

makes him capable, while educating a

woman makes the entire family capable.

The first step to ensuring equality for

women is by providing them access to

education and ensuring that females come

to schools and colleges. Apart from literacy

rates, formal education plays a significant

role in improving the status of women in the

society. Mirroring national trends, the

median years of schooling for females

continues to be lower than that for males, as presented in Figure 107. Nevertheless, significant progress

has been made over the years. With improvement in median years of schooling for Punjabi females

from 4.4 years in 2005-06 to 6.5 years in 2015-16, the gender gap has reduced to 1.3 years.

Figure 107: Median years of schooling, gender wise

7.86.9

6.14.9

6.5

4.4 4.4

1.9

Punjab India Punjab India

2015-16 2005-06

in y

ears

Reducing gender gap in median years of

schooling

Male Female

Source: NFHS 2015-16 and 2005-06

Punjab: 895

800

840

880

920

960

1000

Bat

hin

da

Pat

han

kot

Fat

ehgar

h S

ahib

Lud

hia

na

Bar

nal

a

SA

S N

agar

Man

sa

San

gru

r

Am

rits

ar

Far

idk

ot

Pat

iala

Fir

ozp

ur

Mog

a

Faz

ilka

Sri

Muk

tsar

Sah

ib

Tar

n T

aran

Gu

rdas

pu

r

Kap

urt

hal

a

Jala

nd

har

Ru

pn

agar

SB

S N

agar

Ho

shia

rpur

Disparity in sex ratio across districts in Punjab

Figure 106: District wise sex ratio in Punjab (2011)



Table 57: GER and NER for Punjab, gender wise (2018-19), in %

Level of education Male Female

GER

Primary 91.1 96.9


Secondary 89.3 97.4


NER

Primary 86.0 92.9


Secondary 50.7 61.0



GER and NER for females in Punjab has been higher than males at all levels of education, as


This trend has been witnessed at the national level also, with females having a higher GER and NER

(Table 58). However, GER and NER for females in Punjab has been higher than the females at all India

level. This indicates significant progress made in Punjab in ensuring that women are being enrolled in

education at all levels. Further, the Gender Parity Index (GPI), which is measured as the proportion of

female GER to male GER is in excess of 1, at all levels of education. In comparison to national trends,

Punjab records a higher or at par GPI than all India (Table 59).

Table 58: GER and NER at all levels of education for Punjab and India, gender wise (2017-18)

GER

Primary Upper Primary Secondary Higher

Secondary Higher

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

Punjab 97.1 99.3 93.7 101.4 86.9 91.3 71.1 72.7 27.6 33.6

India 94.0 95.4 86.9 95.9 78.5 80.6 54.9 57.0 26.3 25.4

NER

Primary Upper Primary Secondary Higher Secondary

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

Punjab 80.36 82.0 69.33 73.1 49.48 55.0 40.58 43.2

India 82.43 83.7 69.49 76.7 51.05 53.2 30.53 33.1

Source: DISE Report Card (2017-18) and All India Survey on Higher Education (2017-18) Department of Higher

Education, MHRD


Table 59: Gender Parity Index at all levels of education (2016-17)

Punjab has been successful in ensuring that not only girls come to schools but continue to remain

there. Drop-out rates for females in Punjab is lower than males for all levels of education from primary

to higher secondary. The difference becomes significant as

the level of education advances. At primary level, drop-out

rate for males is 1.5, against 1.4 for females, indicating a gap

of 0.1. In contrast, the drop-out rate amongst males at higher

secondary level is 9.87, while that for females is 8.05, a gap

of 1.82. To further ensure that females continue to study

even at the higher levels, Punjab Government has initiated

the Mai Bhago Vidya Scheme. A budget provision of Rs.60

crore has been proposed for the year 2019-20 to cover 2,00,000 beneficiaries. Under the scheme, girls

student in classes 9th to 12th are provided with bicycles so that transportation and travel costs should not

be a hinderance in educating the girl child. The low drop-out rates have resulted in females having a

transition rate from primary to upper primary to be higher than males (Males: 95.3 and Females: 96.5).

The better performance of females in Punjab continues in learning outcomes also. Females

perform better than males in almost all subjects, across class 3, 5, 8 and 10, as highlighted in Table 60.

The gap in scores grows as the level of education advances. However, the relatively poor performance

of both genders can be observed in mathematics.

Table 60: Score of Punjabi students in National Achievement Survey, gender wise

Class Subject Male Female

Class 3

EVS 57 58

Language 63 64

Maths 56 56

Class 5

EVS 51 52

Language 52 54

Maths 46 47

Class 8

Language 52 56

Maths 31 32

Science 37 37

Social Science 34 35

Class 10 Maths 32 34

Primary Upper Primary Secondary Higher Secondary Higher Education*

Punjab 1.05 1.10 1.01 1.00 1.22

India 1.02 1.10 1.02 1.02 0.97

*- Data for GPI for higher education is for 2017-18

Source: DISE and AISHE

Females perform better than

males in both outcome and

learning indicators, in

education attainment.


Class Subject Male Female

Science 34 36

Social Science 37 39

English 36 38

Modern Indian Language 48 52

Source: National Achievement Survey (2017)

Health indicators for females

Punjab has been a front runner when it comes to healthcare and that is reflected in the high life

expectancy in the State. Consistent with national trends, females in Punjab have a higher life

expectancy than males. Further, the life expectancy of females in Punjab is significantly higher than

that for females at all-India level. For the period 2010-14, life expectancy (at birth) for Punjabi females

was 73.8 years, against 69.7 years for men. In comparison, the all India life expectancy for females is

69.6 years and for males is 66.4 years

However, the indicators for maternal care indicate that Punjab, although higher than national

average, is behind other large states, as discussed above. MMR, the primary indicator of maternity

healthcare, for Punjab is at par with national average of 122 per lac live births. In comparison states like

Kerala record an MMR of 42 per lac live births. The slow improvement in MMR over the years has left

Punjab behind, while other states have paced ahead. As presented in Table 39, Punjab has progressed

ahead of national average in providing expectant mothers with ante-natal care and ensuring that

deliveries are assisted with medical professionals. However, the significantly better performance of

other states highlights that Punjab has scope to improve even further. Nevertheless, Punjab has the

second-highest proportion (91%) of new mothers that receive post-natal care, across all states.

Employment Scenario of female population

While women perform better than men in educational and learning outcomes, this does not

translate to employment opportunities for them. Consistent with national trends, women in Punjab

report a lower worker-population ratio (WPR) and higher unemployment rate (UR) than men, as

discussed in Chapter 1. The situation is relatively graver in Punjab. Not only Punjabi females have a

lower WPR and higher UR than women at national level, the gap is significantly large between the two

genders within the State. Table 61 presents a look into the employment situation for both genders and

highlights how women have a poor representation in the labour force. This indicates a wastage of their

abilities and learning, which is relatively better than the males, as highlighted by the learning outcomes.

The situation is more serious in urban Punjab, where UR for females is more than double, and the WPR

is less than 1/5th, than that for males.

Table 61: Worker Participation Rate & Unemployment Rate for males & females in Punjab & India,

2017-18

Total Rural Urban

Male Female Male Female Male Female

Worker Participation Rate Punjab 69.8 13.7 67.7 12.5 73.1 15.7

India 71.2 22.0 72.0 23.7 69.3 18.2


Total Rural Urban

Male Female Male Female Male Female

Unemployment Rate Punjab 6.9 11.7 7.2 10.3 6.5 13.5

India 6.1 5.6 5.7 3.8 6.9 10.8


The discrimination against women in the employment sector is also evident in the wage gap

between the two genders, especially in the regular salaried workers in rural areas. During April to

June 2018, regular salaried women in Punjab earned, on average, Rs. 6753 lesser than men.

Interestingly, regular salaried women in urban Punjab, during the same period, on average earned Rs.

1307.14 more than men. Contrary to this, regular salaried females at all India level earned almost 4000

lesser. For casual labour (not engaged in public works) also, the wage gap exists, especially in the rural

areas. Females engaged as casual labour in rural Punjab earned Rs. 102 lesser, while those in urban

areas earned Rs. 85.22 lesser. The gender wage gap for both forms of employment in Punjab, though

large, is lesser than the difference at all India levels, except for regular salaried in the rural areas.

Financial Independence and Entrepreneurship amongst females

Financial independence and entrepreneurship opportunities are key to ensuring empowerment of

women. Punjab, in sync with national trends, has small representation of females in comparison to males

in number of bank accounts and amount deposited. As on March 2018, females in Punjab accounted for

only 34.8% of accounts and 33.7% of individual deposits in Scheduled Commercial Banks, at par with

the national trends. It is evident that financial inclusion of women, across the nation, is a far dream.

Women also have poor representation in entrepreneurial roles. In Punjab, only 20% of proprietary

establishments are held by females, against 22% at the national level. Contrasting the national level

trends, a larger proportion of females

(27%) in rural Punjab are proprietary

owners than the national level and

lesser in urban areas, as presented in

Table 62.

Access to finance is believed to be a

major constraint for females to set-up

entrepreneurial ventures. Females are

heavily dependent on own finances for

capital investment. As per estimates of

the Sixth Economic Census (2013-14),

the situation in Punjab is relatively

worse off. 85% of female owned

entrepreneurial establishments are

mainly financed by their own finances,

against 79% at the national level, as

presented in Figure 108. The second

major source of finance is

donations/grants from other agencies.

This dependence on self-finances highlights the missing link between access to finance and

entrepreneurial empowerment of women.

85.0% 79.1%

12.5%14.6%

Punjab India

Majority of female entrepreneurs are dependent

on own finances

Others Donations/Transfers from other agencies Self-Finance

Figure 108:Proportion of Establishments under women

entrepreneur by Major Source of Finance: 2014

Source: Sixth Economic Census (2013-14), MoSPI, Government of India


Table 62: Distribution of proprietary establishments by gender of owner (2014)

Rural Urban Total

Male Female % Female Male Female % Female Male Female % Female

Punjab 4199 1581 27% 7311 1347 16% 11510 2928 20%

India 823609 258633 24% 583264 137485 19% 1406873 396118 22%

Source: Sixth Economic Census (2013-14), MoSPI, Government of India

Decision making power of females

Going beyond providing an equal

opportunity for women to be educated,

employed and be financially included, it

is essential women are empowered with

the opportunity to take decisions about

themselves and for the family.

Historically, women have usually been

the decision receiver, playing no role in

the decision making, even in issues

concerning themselves. Punjab has

been doing relatively better in this

aspect, as compared to national

trends. As reported during the NFHS

2015-16 survey, a larger proportion of

females, either individually or jointly

with their husbands, taken decisions

concerning their health and other

household related issues, as can be

observed in Figure 109. Adding to this,

over 75% of females in Punjab have

reported that they alone or jointly with their husband

decide how their husband's earnings are used. At the

national level, only 70% females report in affirmative to

this.

Various government initiatives to

empower women

Government is committed to empower the women in the

State and various schemes like Awareness Programme for improving Adverse Sex Ratio, Kishori Shakti

Yojna, Mai Bhago Vidhya Scheme, Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Scheme and concessional travel facility

to women above the age of 60 years in Punjab Roadways and PRTC buses in the State are being

implemented.

Distribution of Sterilized Sanitary Pads to Rural Women

There is a need of spreading awareness about the health of the women and empowering them with

resources to maintain their good health. The state government has approved a scheme for the

Distribution of Sterilized Sanitary Pads to rural women. Under the scheme, all the women in the age

group of 16-55 years are to be covered.

74.5 73.4 74.663

16

84.274.7

81.969.6

9.9

Own

Healthcare

Making

major

household

purchases

Visits to her

family or

relatives

All three

decisions

None of the

three

decisions

Larger proportion(%) of Punjabi females play a

role in decisons regarding themselves and

household decisions in comparison to all-India

levels

India Punjab

Figure 109: Percentage of women who usually make

decisions alone or jointly with her husband


69.6% of Punjabi females

independently or with their

husbands take decisions about

their health and households,

against 63% females at the

national level


Under this scheme an amount of Rs 1.00 crore was approved for the year 2018-19 and 2019-20.

The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005

Gender equality is a fundamental human right and is a prerequisite for sustainable development. Goal

5 aims to achieve gender equality by ending all forms of discrimination, violence and harmful practices,

including trafficking and sexual exploitation against women and girls. It calls for valuing women’s

unpaid care and domestic work. In addition, it calls for full and effective participation and equal

opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision –making in political, economic and public life for

women. Peace, Security, effective governance based on rule of law and upholding principles of equality,

human rights and justice are prerequisites for overall development. Cycles of conflict, violence, crime,

and exploitation undermine and reverse developments gains. Goal 16 primarily focuses on significantly

reducing all forms of violence and promoting the rule of law at the national and international levels to

ensure equal access to justice for all. Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005

("PWDVA") provides measures for more effective protection of the rights of women guaranteed under

the Constitution. It helps those women who are victims of violence of any kind occurring within the

family. Under the State Plan Scheme, “Awareness Programme for Domestic Violence Act 2005”, the

department has organized awareness programme with the assistance of State Legal Service Authority,

Police department and NGOs working in the field of Women welfare at all district in the State of Punjab.

For the awareness of the Act, pamphlets have been distributed in these programmes. Awareness

campaign has also been launched through electronic media like T.V. and Radio etc.

Concessional Travel Facility to Women above the age of 60 years in Punjab Roadways /

PRTC buses in the State

In order to increase the mobility among women above 60 years of age. The concessional travelling

facility in Punjab Roadways and PRTC buses have been provided on half fare. A budget provision of

Rs. 100.00 lac was made for the year 2019-20.

Bebe Nanki Laadli Beti Kalyan Scheme

To improve sex ratio in the State, Bebe Nanki Laadli Beti Kalyan Scheme is being implemented in the

State. The main objectives of this scheme are to curb female feticide and to provide better education to

girls. Besides this, financial assistance will be provided to the families from time to time so that they

are not burdened with the birth of the girl child. Under this scheme, a budget provision of Rs. 40.00

crore has been proposed for the year 2019-20 to cover 20,000 beneficiaries.

National Creche Scheme for children of working mothers

Creche Scheme was implemented by NGO Child Welfare Council and Social Welfare Advisory Board

which were running 102 and 112 creches respectively. From 2018, the Social Security Department has

taken over these creches as per the instructions of Government of India and 216 creches are functional

now. Under this scheme, a budget provision of Rs. 0.80 crore was approved for the year 2018-19. A

budget provision of Rs. 3.12 crore has been proposed for the year 2019-20.


Uplifting of marginalised

classes

Punjab is home to largest proportion of Schedule

Caste population in the country. As per the Census of

2011, almost one third (31.94%) of the population in

Punjab belong to the Scheduled Caste classes (Figure

110), which roughly translates to 4% of the total SC population in the country. SCs, across the country,

have been subjected to discrimination and ill-treatment. The Indian Constitution deems all citizens

equal. However, the social construct has historically been discriminatory towards Scheduled Castes and

Tribes. For a sustainable development of the economy, it is essential that all social classes have

opportunities to grow and develop. The SDGs adopted by the United Nation member countries also aim

to ‘leave no one behind’. Punjab, with a large proportion of this marginalised community has a major

role to play in bringing a sustainable development for all.

Education and health status of SCs in Punjab

Literacy rates amongst the scheduled castes in Punjab, continue to be below the total literacy rate

in the state, a phenomenon that is being witnessed at the national level too. As per Census 2011,

the literacy rate for SCs was 64.8% (Males: 70.7% and Females: 58.4%). In comparison, the total

literacy rate in the State was 75.9% (Males: 80.5% and Females: 70.7%), indicating a gap in attainment

of basic literacy levels between the marginalised groups and other social classes. It is evident that the

gender gap exists amongst the literacy levels of males and females of scheduled castes. However, the

gap is much narrower than national level.

It is interesting to note that while general literacy rates in Punjab are higher than the national

average, SCs in the state slightly lag behind SCs at the national level. Census 2011 highlights that

literacy rates for SCs in India is 66.1%, against the 64.8% for the SCs in Punjab. A similar trend is

witnessed amongst the males, with SC males in India having a literacy rate of 75.2%, against 70.7%

amongst SC males in Punjab. However, contrary to the trends, SC females in Punjab have recorded a

31.9%

India: 16.6%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Miz

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ar

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an

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arak

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il N

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ar P

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h

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engal

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des

h

Pun

jab

Share of SC population in Punjab is the highest in the country

Figure 110: Share of SC population in State's population


Share of SC population as a

proportion of total population

(31.9%) is the highest in Punjab,

across all states.


higher literacy rate, as can be observed from Table 63. The trends in adult literacy of SC in Punjab

mirror the trends of overall literacy rates of SC.

Table 63: Literacy rates amongst Schedule Castes in India and Punjab

Within the state as well there exists disparity among social classes. NFHS 2015-16 highlights that 86.8%

of the SC population aged 6-17 years attended school in 2014-15, against 96% of population belonging

to other classes (Not belonging to a scheduled caste, scheduled tribe, or other backward class). To push

for higher take up of education amongst SCs, various scholarship schemes for the educational

development of SC (and other backward classes) have been provided by the State Government

Schedule Castes in Punjab show better results on health and nutrition indicators relative to SC

across the country. National level trends highlight that 42.8% of SC children under age five years are

stunted, while 39.1% are underweight and 21.2% are wasted. In contrast, only 29.3% of SC children

under age five are stunted, 24.1% are underweight and only 16.9% are wasted in Punjab. A contributing

factor to this can be that a larger population of SC children in Punjab receive all basic vaccinations and

better access to food. Against 63.2% of children (aged 12 to 23 months) receiving all basic vaccinations

at the national level, 89.2% SC children in Punjab received all basic vaccinations, as highlighted in

NFHS 2015-16. However, again, SCs in the State continue to lag other social classes in Punjab. Children

belonging to other classes (except SC, ST and OBCs) have better results on anthropometric indices. In

terms of adult health status, prevalence of hypertension, obesity and high blood sugar levels is relatively

lower amongst SC (men and women) in comparison with population (men and women) belonging to

other social classes in Punjab.

The take-up of contraception by SC women in the state has also been relatively higher than SC

women at all India level and at par with women belonging to other classes within the State. 75.5%

of SC women in the state use some form of contraception, against 54.9% at national level and 76.5% of

the women from other classes. Interestingly, a larger proportion (91.1%) of SC women in the state

use modern contraceptive methods, in comparison to 86% of women belonging to other classes.

Consistent with other classes, female sterilization and use of condoms/nirodh are the preferred modern

methods of contraception with SC females. However, while contraception is more widely accepted

amongst the SCs, indicators for maternal care (ante-natal care, institutional delivery and post-natal care)

fall behind other classes in the state.

Government initiatives to uplift marginalised classes

The Punjab Scheduled Castes Land Development and Finance Corporation (PSCFC)

The aim of the Corporation is to provide loan and subsidy to poor Scheduled Caste population. During

the previous financial year 2018-19 (up to 30.09.2018) Corporation has disbursed the amount of Rs.

2273.70 lac to 3267 beneficiaries. During the current financial year (up to 25 November 2019),

Corporation has provided loans amounting to Rs. 41.65 lac to 49 beneficiaries.

Age group Punjab India

Persons Males Females Persons Males Females

7 & above 64.8% 70.7% 58.4% 66.1% 75.2% 56.5%

15 & above (Adult) 59.4% 66.4% 51.8% 60.4% 71.6% 48.6%



The Punjab Backward Classes Land Development and Finance Corporation (BACKFINCO)

The Punjab Backward Classes Land Development and Finance Corporation provide loans to Backward

Classes, minorities and Economically Weaker Section for self-employment activities. For Backward

Classes annual family income is Rs. 30,000 (irrespective of rural and urban sector with at least 50% of

total funding to persons with annual family income up to Rs. 1.50 lac), for economically weaker section

whose family income is up to Rs. 1.00 lac and for minority community under Credit Line-1, the income

criteria is up to Rs. 98,000 p.a. in rural areas and up to Rs. 1.20 lac p.a. in urban areas (70% disbursement

should be for this target group) and Under Credit Line -2, the Income criteria is up to Rs. 6.00 lac in

both rural areas and urban areas (30% disbursement is for this target group). Corporation provided loans

amounting to Rs. 372.31 lac to 229 beneficiaries during the year 2018-19. During 2019-20 (up to 31

October 2019) disbursement of Rs. 381.56 lac has been made to 227 beneficiaries.

Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana

Under the scheme, a sum of Rs. 30.00 crore has been earmarked for providing basic minimum services

like education, health, water supply, sanitation and disposal of sludge water and upgradation of

infrastructure facilities in SC concentrated villages.

Poverty

Poverty is a curse that binds every developing economy. It not only

is characterised by low income or lack of resources, poverty leads to

restricting opportunities of growth and development. It is well known

that the poor have lower literacy and education attainment, poorer

access to healthcare facilities and face discrimination in the society.

The vicious cycle of poverty ensures that the poor are unable to break away from the shackles of poverty

and grow in life. The first goal under the 17 SDGs adopted by United Nation member countries is to

end poverty in all forms. Termed as the greatest challenge to humanity, poverty has forced millions of

people across the globe to live even without basic human needs.

Punjab has the 2nd lowest

poverty estimates of all

states.

Source: RBI Handbook of State Statistics 2011-12

8.26

India:21.92

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Ch

hat

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arh

Jhar

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and

Bih

ar

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isha

Ass

am

Mad

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Pra

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h

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Mah

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a

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a

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Ker

ala

Punjab has the second lowest poverty headcount ratio of all states

Figure 111: Poverty Headcount Ratio (2011-12)


Punjab fares relatively well in poverty estimates. With a headcount ratio (as per Tendulkar estimates-

2011-12) of 8.26%, Punjab has the second lowest poverty estimates of all states, as presented in Figure

111. These estimates are based on a poverty line (monthly per-capita expenditure) of Rs. 1054 for rural

Punjab and Rs. 1155 for urban Punjab. The headcount ratio in rural areas of Punjab is 7.66% ranking

Punjab second out of all states, while that for urban areas is 9.24%, ranking 10th. The relatively better

performance in the rural areas is an indication that agricultural income has helped kept the poverty

levels in the state low.

Over the years, Punjab’s poverty headcount ratio has progressively declined from 22.4% in 1993-

94 to 20.9% in 2004-05 to the current levels. Over these years, Punjab has consistently been amongst

the top rankers in poverty estimates. The historically earned high agricultural wealth has helped the

consumption in the state stay buoyant even as the growth in per-capita income slows down.

The estimation of poverty lines is based on Monthly Per Capita Expenditure. Consumption expenditure

is less volatile over time, considered to be measured more reliably than income and hence, offers good

estimate of economic well-being. Given the poverty estimates are quite dated, a look at the MPCE can

help understand the current poverty scenario. Focusing on the rural sector, the NABARD All-India

Rural Financial Inclusion Survey (NAFIS) highlights that Punjab has the highest monthly

consumption expenditure per household at Rs. 11707, against a national average of Rs. 6646. The

survey further highlights that Punjab not only has the highest monthly consumption expenditure,

but also the higher surplus over monthly household income, allowing good savings in the state, as


Table 64: Average Monthly Income and Consumption Expenditure per Household by States in rural

areas (In Rupees per month per household)

Average Monthly

Income

Average Consumption

Expenditure Surplus

Punjab 16020 11707 4314

Kerala 15130 11156 3975

Haryana 12072 8646 3426

Himachal Pradesh 11702 8556 3146

Gujarat 10518 7490 3028

Tamil Nadu 9716 7381 2335

Arunachal Pradesh 9877 7722 2155

Maharashtra 8938 6821 2117

Assam 8880 6814 2066

Meghalaya 10061 8242 1819

Chhattisgarh 7272 5607 1665

Odisha 7241 5613 1628

West Bengal 6860 5249 1611

Karnataka 8383 6882 1502


Average Monthly

Income

Average Consumption

Expenditure Surplus

India 8059 6646 1413

Jammu & Kashmir 10747 9343 1404

Goa 10758 9445 1313

Rajasthan 8338 7039 1299

Manipur 9679 8617 1062

Nagaland 10002 8976 1026

Telangana 7811 6813 998

Madhya Pradesh 6632 5675 956

Mizoram 9491 8561 930

Tripura 8612 7980 632

Uttarakhand 8762 8303 459

Uttar Pradesh 6257 5941 315

Sikkim 8560 8246 314

Jharkhand 5854 5544 310

Bihar 6277 6015 262

Andhra Pradesh 5842 5746 95

Source: NAFIS 2016-17

Environmental challenges

Punjab with a score of 0.55 ranks 6th out of 18 big states, on

the Environment aspect of the Good Governance Index,

launched by the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances &

Pensions. This aspect of the index assesses whether a state

has an Action Plan for Climate change, along with the change

in forest cover in the state.

Punjab ranks 6th, on the

Environment aspect of the

Good Governance Index of

MoS (PP)


Concerns related to ground water levels

Punjab has been successful in achieving almost

100% net irrigated area, to modernize the

agricultural practices in the State. However, this

has come with a cost. The state is heavily

dependent on ground water resources for

irrigation needs of the state. A report by Central

Ground Water Board, on the Dynamic Ground

Water Resources of India (2017), highlights that

over 95% of extracted water in Punjab is for

irrigation purposes, the highest across all states.

The heavy exploitation of ground water

resources has put Punjab in a crisis with

indications that the State may soon run out of

ground water levels.

The total annual groundwater, at the national

level decreased from 447 to 432bcm in 2017,

with Uttar Pradesh, Assam and Punjab recording

the highest decline. The report by CGWB

highlight that one of the most over-exploited

regions are concentrated in the north western part of the country including parts of Punjab, Haryana,

Delhi and Western Uttar Pradesh where despite presence of many replenishable water resources, the

indiscriminate extraction of ground water has led to over exploitation.

Focusing on Punjab, the report highlights that of the 138 blocks assessed, almost 80% (109) blocks have

been categorized as ‘Over exploited’, 2 as ‘Critical’, 5 as ‘Semi-Critical’, and 22 as ‘Safe’. In

comparison, the assessment for 2013 highlighted that of the 138 assessed blocks, 105 blocks were

categorized as ‘Over-exploited’, 4 as ‘Critical’, 3 as ‘Semi-Critical’, and 26 as ‘Safe’. It is evident that

the situation has further deteriorated between the two assessment years, with a larger share of assessed

blocks being categorized ‘over exploited’ and lesser blocks being marked ‘Safe’, as presented in Figure

112. The deteriorating situation can be further assessed by the fact that stage of ground water extraction

has increased from 149% to 166% between 2013 and 2017, and the annual extractable ground water

resource decreased from 23.39 to 21.59 bcm.

79%

16%

76%

19%

Over exploited blocks have risen

between 2013 and 2017

Over exploited Critical Semi Critical Safe

Figure 112: Categorization of assessed blocks on

ground water situation

Source: Dynamic Ground Water Resources of India (2017)

2013 2017

Chapter 7 Public Finance

A stable fiscal scenario is essential to promote sustainable growth of the economy. Punjab’s

performance on key fiscal indicators has exhibited signs of stability in recent years. Revenue

deficit target in 2019-20 (BE) was pegged at 2.0% of GSDP as against 2.3% in 2018-19 (RE). The

government is steadfast in achieving revenue surplus just as the state achieved primary surplus in

2017-18 and thereby comply with the targets as prescribed in the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget

Management (FRBM) Act, 2003. The primary deficit of Punjab has declined temporally from 9.5%

of GSDP in 2016-17 to 0.3% in both 2018-19 (RE) and 2019-20 (BE) implying that the gross

borrowing needs of the State has come down. The fiscal deficit was restricted to 2.6% of GSDP in

2017-18 as against 12.3% in 2016-17. Fiscal deficit in 2018-19 (RE) was 3.4% of GSDP, and the

target in 2019-20 (BE) was also set at 3.4%.

Revenue receipts for Punjab have more than doubled between 2011-12 and 2018-19 (RE) with

Punjab having one of the highest growth in revenue receipts between 2014-15 and 2018-19 (RE)

among the select states such as Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala,

Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Telangana. Revenue receipts as percentage of GSDP was 13.6%

in 2018-19 (RE) as compared to 11.3% in 2017-18. SGST and sales tax were the largest

contributors towards state’s own tax revenue. Revenue from general services and interest receipts

account for the bulk of state’s own non-tax revenue. Punjab’s share of central transfers in revenue

receipts has also grown which is due to routing of funds through state treasury, increased

allocations recommended by XIV FC and compensation from the Centre to meet shortfall in GST

collections relative to protected revenue as per the GST Act 2017. It is worth mentioning that

Punjab’s share in horizontal distribution of central taxes increased to 1.79% in XV FC report for

the year 2020-21.

Government of Punjab is committed towards providing for the developmental needs of the State

and thus, developmental expenditure as percentage of total expenditure has witnessed an uptrend

since 2017-18.

State’s total expenditure has grown at an average annual growth rate of 18.3% between 2012-13

and 2018-19 (RE) and is expected to rise further by 28.2% in 2019-20 (BE). Revenue expenditure

accounted for 92.7% of State’s total expenditure leaving 5.5% for capital outlay and 1.8% for

loans and advances by State government in 2018-19 (RE).

Expenditure on general services, which include establishment expenditure and interest payments,

have the largest share in revenue expenditure reflecting the size of the government, whereas the

allocation on social and economic services is well-balanced. Within economic services, revenue

expenditure is driven by highest allocation towards agriculture and allied activities. Within social

services, education, sports, art and culture is the largest contributor. On the other hand, capital

outlay has largely been spent on social services specifically on urban development.

A consistently declining trend in outstanding liabilities to GSDP ratio was observed between 2005

and 2014. However, the ratio witnessed a sharp rise in 2017 due to the additional debt burden

added by the conversion of cash credit limit gap into long-term loans and take up of UDAY loans.

The debt stock composition of the State has undergone a change with the State moving towards

more open market borrowings to meet its gross financing needs. Debt sustainability analysis

based on an econometric method indicates that although debt is high, State government’s debt

seems to be sustainable as effective interest rate has been lower than nominal growth rate.

Therefore, Punjab, despite its numerous developmental needs and challenges, is on a fiscally

prudential path to inclusive growth.


Overview

Fiscal performance

Punjab is on a sustainable fiscal path as shown in Table 65. In the face of extremely volatile global

macroeconomic environment, Punjab has posted growth of 32.8% in revenue receipts and 107.1% in

capital outlay as per 2018-19 (RE).

Total revenue receipts in 2019-20 (BE) is estimated to be Rs. 78,509.70 crores posting a growth of

11.5% relative to 2018-19 (RE). On the other hand, State’s revenue expenditure is estimated to

increase by 9.6% in 2019-20 (BE) reaching Rs. 90,196.96 crores. Revenue Deficit has been targeted

at Rs. 11.687.26 crores (2.0% of GSDP). Substantial growth in capital outlay is expected in 2019-20

BE (about 3.7 times of 2018-19 (RE)) which could be financed from increased recovery of loans and

advances thus keeping the fiscal deficit at Rs. 19,657.87 crores (3.4% of GSDP) in 2019-20 (BE).

Increasing capital outlay aligns with the idea of inclusive growth. Productivity enhancement due to

public infrastructure expansion bestows equal benefits to all sections of the society.

Table 65: Summary of key budget heads (in Rs. crore)

Items 2017-18 2018-19 (RE) 2019-20 (BE)

1. Revenue Receipts (2+5) 53,009.59 70,398.92 78,509.70

2. Tax Revenue (3+4) 41,040.19 44,750.72 50,993.62

3. State's Own Tax Revenue 31,495.57 33,073.01 37,674.20

4. Share in Central Taxes 9,544.62 11,677.71 13,319.42

5. Non-Tax Revenue (6+7) 11,969.40 25,648.20 27,516.08

6. State's Own Non-Tax Revenue 4,318.39 9,929.97 9,476.98

7. Grants from Centre 7,651.01 15,718.23 18,039.10

8. Revenue Expenditure 62,464.85 82,317.96 90,196.96

9. of which, Interest Payments 15,333.96 16,311.54 17,669.25

10. Capital Outlay 2,352.08 4,871.57 22,842.06

11. Net Lending (12-13) 686.96 859.30 (14,871.45)

12. Loans & Advances by State Government 760.04 1,602.64 813.73

13. Recovery of Loans & Advances 73.08 743.34 15,685.18

14. Miscellaneous Capital Receipts 0.12 0 0

15. Revenue Deficit (8-1)* 9,455.26

[2.01%]

11,919.04

[2.30%]

11,687.26

[2.02%]

16. Fiscal Deficit (10+11+15-14)* 12,494.18

[2.66%]

17,649.91

[3.41%]

19,657.87

[3.40%]

17. Primary Deficit (16-9)* (2,839.54)

[-0.60%]

1,338.37

[0.26%]

1,988.62

[0.34%]

Note: +ve values indicate deficit and –ve values indicate surplus; *figures in bracket are as % to GSDP

Source: State Finances: A study of Budgets, RBI

171 Chapter 7: Public Finance

Revenue receipts

Composition of Revenue Receipts

Tax revenue has higher share in revenue receipts as compared to that of Non-Tax Revenue

(Figure 113). Tax revenue collection in 2018-19 (RE) was Rs. 44,750.72 crores while non-tax revenue

collection stood at Rs. 25,648.20 crores.

Own tax revenue, which includes taxes on income, property & capital transactions and

commodities & services, accounts for majority of State’s tax revenue. SGST and sales tax have

the largest contribution of 43.1% and 18.8% respectively towards Punjab’s own tax revenue in 2018-

19 (RE). In the pre-GST regime, sales tax had the largest contribution towards own tax revenue since

2011-12. However, SGST was the major contributor in 2018-19 (RE) and is estimated to remain the

same during 2019-20 (BE).

Grants from Centre contribute the bulk of non-tax revenue. Apart from this, general services provided

by the State and interest receipts are the primary sources of State’s own non-tax revenue in 2018-19

(RE).

State’s Own Revenue

State’s own revenue collection increased by 20.1% in 2018-19 (RE) over the previous year.

State’s own revenue stood at Rs. 35,813.96 crores in 2017-18. It increased to Rs. 43,002.98 crores in

2018-19 (RE) and comprised of Rs. 33,073.01 crores of own tax and Rs. 9,929.97 crores of own non-

tax (Figure 113). Owing to a significant growth in own non-tax revenue, own revenue as percentage

of GSDP increased to 8.3% in 2018-19 (RE) as compared to that of 7.6% in 2017-18.

State’s Own Tax Revenue

Sales tax, state excise, taxes on vehicles, taxes & duties on electricity and SGST, together

accounted for 92.5% of Punjab’s own tax collection in 2018-19 (RE) while the rest came from

taxes on income and taxes on property & capital transactions. As mentioned previously, SGST

and sales tax, in order, are the highest contributors towards Punjab’s own tax revenue. SGST collection

Figure 113: Composition of Revenue Receipts, 2018-19 (RE), (in Rs. Crores)



increased by 59.0% in 2018-19 (RE) to Rs. 14,267.60 crores. However, sales tax collection declined

by 44.2% in 2018-19 (RE). Its share in state’s own tax revenue has also been declining as it is now

restricted to only those commodities that are not covered under GST like petrol, diesel, liquor, etc.

The overall growth rate of State’s own tax revenue stood at 5.0% in 2018-19 (RE).

Box 20: Improving tax buoyancy

Punjab has shown gradual but consistent improvement in own tax buoyancy. Tax buoyancy shows

percentage change in tax collections from one percent change in GSDP (or the tax base). Figure

114 presents the tax buoyancy of some of the Indian states during the last few years. It can be

observed that Punjab’s own tax buoyancy has exhibited consistent rise. Punjab’s tax buoyancy has

grown in the last six years from 0.97 in 2011-12 to 1.04 in 2014-15 and eventually to 1.08 in 2017-

18. A tax buoyancy of greater than unity signifies that growth in state’s own tax revenue collection

has been more than the overall growth of economy (GSDP) or the tax base.

This is remarkable given the macro-economic backdrop in which states are performing.

Figure 114: Tax buoyancy of Punjab vis-a-vis other Indian states


0.971.04

1.08

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

2011-12 2014-15 2017-18

Consistent improvement is State's own tax buoyancy

Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh

Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh

Maharashtra Punjab Tamil Nadu

West Bengal

Punjab


State’s Own Non-Tax Revenue

Revenue from general services accounted for 75.2% of

State’s own non-tax revenue in 2018-19 (RE).

Punjab’s own non-tax revenue stood at Rs. 9,929.97

crores in 2018-19 (RE), having grown at a CAGR of

32.3% since 2011-12. Of this, Rs. 7,468.85 crores

came from general services while interest receipts

contributed Rs. 1,432.73 crores. Revenue from social

and economic services together contributed 10.3%

towards own non-tax revenue. Medical and public health from social services is the major revenue

generator while that from economic services is road transport.

Punjab has the highest own non-tax revenue to GSDP ratio in 2018-19 (RE) among select states50.

Although Punjab had a relatively lower own non-tax revenue to GSDP ratio of 0.9% in 2012-13, this

ratio is estimated to increase to 1.9% in 2018-19 (RE), which is the highest among select states.

Central Transfers

Central Transfers is composed of share in central taxes and grants from centre. With routing of funds

for central schemes through state budgets and increased devolution in the 14th FC period, the share of

central transfers has witnessed a growth. Punjab’s share of central transfers in revenue receipts has

increased from 22.9% in 2011-12 to

38.9% in 2018-19 (RE). Rise in

transfers enabled the State to spend

on developmental needs of its

citizenry.

CGST, corporation tax and income

tax are the leading contributors

towards Punjab’s share in central

taxes. These three taxes together

contributed 88.0% of Punjab’s share

in central taxes in 2018-19 (RE).

CGST had the highest contribution of

34.3%. However, estimates for 2019-

20 (BE) show that with a growth rate

of 28.2% in 2019-20 (BE),

corporation tax is expected to be the

highest contribution. Total grants stood at Rs. 15,718.23 crores in 2018-19 (RE). Grants from Centre

accounted for 61.3% of State’s non-tax revenue in 2018-19 (RE) and are estimated to rise further next

year.

50 Throughout the chapter, the set of select states include Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala,

Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and Telangana, unless otherwise mentioned

0%

10%

20%

30%

Share in Central Taxes/Revenue Receipts

Grants/Revenue Receipts

Figure 115: Central transfers as percentage of Revenue

Receipts


Punjab has the highest State’s

own non-tax revenue to GSDP

ratio in 2018-19 (RE) among

select states


Box 21: Central Transfers to Punjab

Punjab’s share in horizontal distribution of central taxes had declined from 2.45% in fifth finance

commission to 1.15% in XI FC. This has increased to 1.79% in XV FC. This could be due to

reduced weights attached to fiscal capacity distance (from 62.5% in 11th FC to 45% in 15th FC).

The 14th Finance Commission recognized the responsibility of states towards conservation of

environment and climate, which is consistent with sustainable economic development. The

Commission added forest cover as one of the devolution criteria. This is intended to compensate

States with high forest cover and thus provide ecological benefits for all States but the cost (in

terms of lack of economic activity in that area) are only borne by the state concerned. While this

is an encouraging development, forest cover does not capture all possible externalities such as

wheat and rice production. Punjab plays a vital role in ensuring food security for the entire nation.

Punjab contributed about 31% and 38% to total central pool of rice and wheat respectively in

2017-18. A negligible portion of rice produced in the State is consumed locally. Production of

rice and wheat over the years has led to groundwater depletion in the State. Nearly 80% of the

blocks are in overexploited category in Punjab in 2017. These environmental costs are borne by

the State only while benefits (rice and wheat for consumption) are shared by all States.

The 15th Finance Commission introduced a new performance-based criterion – demographic

performance, by using a measure of the total fertility rate (TFR). With an emphasis on the need

to control population, the Commission awarded those states which have been able to achieve a

lower TFR and Punjab is one of them. As mentioned in Chapter 6, Punjab has managed to keep

its population growth in check and achieve a fertility rate which is lower than its replacement rate.

The share of Punjab’s population in India’s population declined from 2.49% in 1971 to 2.33% in

2011.

Almost 31.94% of Punjab’s population belongs to SC category. The development needs of the

State, therefore, are much higher and require substantial governmental support for inclusive

growth. Including SC population as a criterion would have helped states with higher population

of these marginalized groups with more fiscal resources to address their developmental needs.

This is beyond the per capita income distance criterion, which considers differences in ability to

provide comparable level of services.

Source: Various Central Finance Commission reports

2.45% 2.38%2.18%

1.71% 1.72%1.53%

1.15% 1.30% 1.39%1.58%

1.79%

V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV

Various central finance commission

Figure 116: Punjab’s share in horizontal distribution of central taxes


Trend in Revenue Receipts

Punjab’s revenue receipts as

percentage of GSDP witnessed a

surge in 2018-19 (RE) over 2017-18

(Figure 117). Revenue receipts as

percentage of GSDP has moved

between 9.8% to 11.3% during 2011-12

to 2017-18, while that in 2018-19 (RE)

increased to 13.6%.

Revenue receipts have more than

doubled between 2011-12 and 2018-

19 (RE). Revenue receipts for 2018-19

(RE) stood at Rs. 70,398.91 crores with

an average annual growth rate of 15.4%

between 2012-13 and 2018-19 (RE). Of

the total revenue receipts in 2018-19

(RE), 61.1% will be raised through own

sources while the remaining will be

through central transfers.

Figure 118 indicates that Punjab has one of the highest CAGR of revenue receipts among select

states between 2014-15 and 2018-19 (RE). During this period, the CAGR of Punjab’s revenue

receipts stood at 15.9%, only next to Telangana and Haryana. The primary contributor towards the

high CAGR of Punjab’s revenue receipts is non-

tax revenue, which comprises of State’s own

non-tax revenue and grants from Centre. Non-tax

revenue grew at a CAGR of 30.8% while tax

revenue grew at a CAGR of 10.3% during 2014-

15 to 2018-19 (RE). Within non-tax revenue,

State’s own non-tax revenue and grants from the

Centre witnessed CAGR of 36.3% and 27.9%

respectively during the same period.

Figure 117: Revenue Receipts as percentage of GSDP for

Punjab (2011-12 to 2018-19 (RE))

9.8%

10.8%10.6%

11.0%10.6%

11.2% 11.3%

13.6%

Upsurge in Revenue Receipts as percentage of

GSDP in 2018-19 (RE)


23.6%

17.1%15.9%

14.7% 14.6%12.3%

11.2% 10.2%

6.0%

Telangana Haryana Punjab Maharashtra Kerala Karnataka Gujarat Tamil Nadu Andhra

Pradesh

Punjab has one of the highest CAGR in Revenue Receipts between 2014-15

and 2018-19 (RE)


Figure 118: CAGR of Revenue Receipts for Punjab and select states, 2014-15 to 2018-19 (RE)

Punjab has one of the highest CAGR

in revenue receipts between 2014-15

and 2018-19 (RE) among select

states


As per the accounting procedure followed by CAG, GST compensation to the State has been

apportioned between State’s Own Tax Revenue and Grants from Centre in the ratio of 65:35 for 2018-

19 (RE) and 70:30 for 2019-20 (BE) respectively. Therefore, a portion of the tax revenue is now being

classified as non-tax revenue, which has restricted the growth rate of tax revenue while raising the

same for non-tax revenue. Non-tax revenue in 2018-19 (RE) witnessed an increase of 114.3% over the

previous year, with own non-tax revenue rising by 129.9% and Grants from Centre rising by 105.4%.

SDG Indicator 17.1.1 Total government revenue as percentage of GSDP,

by source

Table 66: Components of revenue receipts as percentage of GSDP, average for 2014-15 to 2018-19

(RE)

States SOTR/ GSDP

Share in

Central

Taxes/

GSDP

SONTR/ GSDP Grants/ GSDP

Total

Revenue

Receipts/

GSDP

Andhra

Pradesh 6.7% 3.4% 0.8% 3.1% 14.0%

Gujarat 5.8% 1.5% 1.0% 1.2% 9.5%

Haryana 6.6% 1.1% 1.2% 1.1% 9.9%

Karnataka 6.9% 2.2% 0.5% 1.5% 11.1%

Kerala 6.9% 2.2% 1.6% 1.5% 12.1%

Maharashtra 6.6% 1.4% 0.7% 1.1% 9.7%

Punjab 6.7% 2.0% 1.2% 1.8% 11.6%

Tamil Nadu 6.8% 1.7% 0.8% 1.5% 10.8%

Telangana 7.2% 2.0% 1.3% 1.9% 12.4%


Note: SOTR: State’s Own Tax Revenue, SONTR: State’s Own Non-Tax Revenue

From Table 66, it can be observed that revenue receipts as percentage of GSDP, average for 2014-15

to 2018-19 (RE), stood at 11.6% for Punjab, which is higher than that of states like Gujarat, Haryana,

Karnataka, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.


Box 22: Impact of Goods and Services Tax on State’s finances

State expenditure

Composition of State’s Expenditure

Revenue Expenditure

With a share of 92.7% in 2018-19 (RE), revenue expenditure dominates State’s total expenditure

(Figure 119). Revenue expenditure, which is composed of expenditure on social, economic and

general services as well as grants to local bodies, have more than doubled between 2012-13 and 2018-

19 (RE). With an average annual growth rate of 14.2% between 2012-13 and 2018-19 (RE), revenue

expenditure stood at Rs. 82,317.96 crores in 2018-19 (RE). The share of revenue expenditure in total

expenditure has consistently been more than 92% since 2011-12 (except in 2015-16 and 2016-17).

This ratio is, however, estimated to decline to 79.2% in 2019-20 (BE) largely due to substantial growth

in capital outlay expected in 2019-20 (BE) (368.9% over 2018-19 (RE)).

Allocation of expenditure on social and economic services is well balanced. With a share of 50.2%

in total revenue expenditure, combined allocation towards social and economic services was Rs.

The implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST) from 1st July 2017 subsumed a number

of indirect taxes earlier levied by Government of India and various state governments. The taxes

levied by Government of Punjab subsumed under GST include value added tax except VAT on

petroleum and liquor, central sales tax, purchase tax, luxury tax, entry tax, entertainment tax

(except levied by local bodies), advertisement tax, tax on lotteries, betting and gambling, state

cesses and surcharges related to supply of goods and services.

As per Goods and Services Tax (Compensation to States) Act, 2017, states have been assured

on protected revenue for the period of five years, i.e., till 30th June 2022. Protected revenue is

estimated for the period 2017-18 to 2022-23 assuming growth rate of 14% over actual

collections against subsumed indirect taxes in 2015-16. Difference between actual State GST

and protected revenue is compensated by the Government of India. The compensation to states

is financed through a GST Compensation Cess levied by Government of India deposited in a

Fund which is also managed by Government of India.

Given the economic slowdown, SGST collection has not grown at the expected rate. As per the

Mukherjee 2020, by the year 2022-23, if GST compensation is discontinued, Punjab would have

substantial gap in actual SGST and protected revenue. If Government of India discontinues

compensation to states, it will have significant impact on state finances. The paper reports that

the revenue gap for Punjab would be more than 40% of expected SGST revenue in 2022-23.

Government of Punjab has been taking required measures on tax administration to minimize the

impact. As on June 30, 2018, Punjab ranks No. 1 in GSTR-3B and GSTR-1 return filing with

88.18% and 80.70% return filing respectively (as per Memorandum to 15th FC). State

Government, in order to facilitate traders having limited computer knowledge in registration,

filing of returns and other online GST related tasks, has trained youth as "GST MITRA".

Therefore, it would be prudential to increase the compensation period than what was envisioned

originally.

Source: Mukherjee, S. (2020). Possible Impact of Withdrawal of GST Compensation Post GST Compensation

Period on Indian State Finances (No. 20/291)


41,282.89 crores in 2018-19(RE). The growth rate of expenditure on social services in 2018-19 (RE)

was 29.9% over the previous year while that of expenditure on economic services was 89.2%.

Figure 119: Composition of Total Expenditure, 2018-19 (RE), (in Rs. Crores)

The rise in allocation towards economic services was driven by a spike in the allocation towards

crop husbandry. Energy is another major area of expenditure for Punjab within economic services.

Agriculture & allied activities and energy together contributed 80.0% towards economic services

expenditure in 2018-19 (RE).

Education, sports, art & culture, medical & public health and social security & welfare are the

lead contributors towards social services revenue expenditure in 2018-19 (RE). With the primary

objective of channelising the skill and energy of the youth in a positive direction and to keep them

away from drug addiction, Punjab has laid special focus on the development of education, sports, art

& culture within the state. Also, given the high population of deprived classes within the State,

allocation towards welfare of SC, ST and other backward classes has witnessed a growth of 146.1%

over the previous year. Allocation for expenditure in social services in 2019-20 (BE) indicate that

education, sports, art & culture will continue to be the leading contributor.



Expenditure on general services accounted for 45.5% of revenue expenditure in 2018-19 (RE).

Interest payments, pensions and administrative services forms the bulk of general services expenditure

and had a share of 41.9% in revenue expenditure in 2018-19 (RE), much higher than that for select

states.

Table 67: Composition of revenue expenditure by functions (figures are as % of total revenue

expenditure)

Expenditure

head 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

2018-19

(RE)

Social

Services 28.0% 28.4% 27.2% 29.5% 29.8% 28.3% 24.8% 24.4%

Education

Sports Art

and Culture

16.0% 16.8% 15.4% 16.0% 17.1% 15.9% 14.9% 13.5%

Medical and

Public

Health

4.2% 4.1% 4.1% 4.7% 4.8% 4.8% 4.1% 3.7%

Social

Security and

Welfare

3.1% 2.6% 2.4% 2.2% 2.0% 1.8% 1.6% 1.2%

Economic

Services 19.0% 23.2% 23.1% 19.8% 19.5% 18.5% 17.9% 25.7%

Agriculture

and Allied

Activities

2.6% 3.2% 3.4% 8.1% 12.4% 10.3% 12.0% 17.8%

Irrigation

and Flood

Control

3.0% 2.7% 3.2% 2.6% 2.6% 2.3% 1.9% 1.5%

Energy 9.7% 12.8% 11.6% 5.4% 1.0% 3.0% 2.1% 2.9%

Industry and

Minerals 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 1.9%

General

Services 50.8% 47.1% 48.5% 49.4% 49.4% 51.5% 55.2% 45.5%

Interest

Payments 19.0% 17.3% 18.8% 19.2% 19.5% 21.1% 24.5% 19.8%

Administrati

ve Services 11.9% 12.2% 12.4% 12.3% 11.8% 12.2% 11.4% 9.6%

Pensions 17.1% 15.1% 15.1% 15.6% 15.6% 15.9% 16.3% 12.5%

Grants 2.3% 1.4% 1.3% 1.3% 1.4% 1.7% 2.1% 4.3%



Figure 120 presents a comparative analysis of Punjab’s committed expenditure vis-à-vis select states.

The ratio of interest payments and wages and salaries to revenue expenditure is the highest for Punjab

among select states. Pension also has a significant share in revenue expenditure, albeit it is not the

highest among states.

Figure 120: Committed expenditure of Punjab vis-à-vis select states (average for 2014-15 to 2018-

19 (RE))

Capital outlay

Capital outlay witnessed high growth in 2018-19 (RE) which is expected to continue in 2019-20

(BE) as well. Capital outlay of Punjab stood at Rs. 4,871.57 crores in 2018-19 (RE) with a growth of

107.1% over 2017-18. This high growth rate is due to an upsurge in the allocation of capital outlay on

urban development to cater to the needs of the growing urban population in the state. Given the

developmental mandate, the combined allocation towards social and economic services is 94.0%

(Figure 119) of total capital outlay. Proportion of capital outlay in total expenditure increased from

3.6% in 2017-18 to 5.5% in 2018-19 (RE). In comparison to other select states, there is scope for

further expansion of capital outlay. The average ratio of capital outlay to total expenditure for select

states stood at 13.2% in 2018-19 (RE).

Capital Outlay is focused on improving social infrastructure of the State. Social services

accounted for 50.0% of total capital outlay in 2018-19 (RE) (Table 68). Urban development,

education, sports, art & culture, water supply and sanitation are the areas with leading allocation within

social services. Their combined contribution stood at 88.3% in 2018-19 (RE). Health infrastructure

(medical and public health), which is an essential pillar of human welfare has also witnessed an

upsurge in the allocation of expenditure.

Development of transport system, particularly roads and bridges is the major focus-area of

expenditure in economic services. With an objective of providing world-class physical infrastructure

to facilitate trade and commerce, the allocation towards building of roads & bridges is estimated to be

Rs. 912.19 crores or 18.7% of total capital outlay in 2018-19 (RE). Catering to farmer welfare and

conservation of ground-water, Punjab has also focused on major and medium irrigation projects and

flood control, whose share was 12.4% of capital outlay.

20.8

35.6

15.2

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

Interest Payment/Revenue

Expenditure

Wages and Salaries/ Revenue

Expenditure

Pension/Revenue Expenditure

(in p

erce

nta

ge)

Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Haryana Karnataka Kerala

Maharashtra Punjab Tamil Nadu Telangana


Note: Data on wages and salaries for 2015-16 has not been considered due to non-availability of data


Table 68: Composition of capital outlay by functions (figures are as percentage of total capital outlay)

Expenditure

head

2011-

12

2012-

13

2013-

14

2014-

15

2015-

16

2016-

17

2017-

18

2018-19

(RE)

Social 24.9% 37.4% 42.3% 25.5% 27.1% 25.0% 39.0% 50.0%

Education

Sports Art and

Culture

9.2% 9.8% 16.2% 4.9% 7.9% 5.1% 3.0% 9.9%

Water Supply

and Sanitation 10.0% 11.8% 9.3% 9.5% 10.8% 11.2% 23.0% 8.4%

Urban

Development 2.2% 8.7% 7.7% 8.2% 5.8% 4.6% 12.1% 25.8%

Economic 62.8% 54.1% 47.8% 66.4% 64.6% 69.3% 53.4% 44.0%

Rural

Development 11.9% 6.4% 5.9% 3.0% 2.9% 3.1% 2.9% 4.8%

Major and

Medium

Irrigation and

Flood Control

18.9% 26.5% 16.4% 21.1% 24.6% 29.1% 13.4% 12.4%

Transport 24.8% 12.0% 17.4% 31.0% 29.1% 31.1% 28.7% 18.7%

General

Services 12.3% 8.5% 9.9% 8.1% 8.3% 5.7% 7.6% 6.0%


Trend in State’s Expenditure

Punjab’s total expenditure increased by

35.4% in 2018-19 (RE). Punjab’s total

expenditure stood at Rs. 65,576.98 crores in

2017-18 and reached Rs. 88,792.17 crores in

2018-19 (RE). Estimates for 2019-20 (BE) show

that State’s expenditure will increase at 28.2%

over the previous year.

Figure 121 indicates a rise in allocation

towards developmental expenditure. The

percentage of developmental expenditure in total

expenditure increased from 56.5% in 2015-16 to

59.2% in 2019-20 (BE). However, there was a

dip in 2017-18 when the share of developmental

expenditure in total expenditure fell to 45.1%.

While the revenue expenditure for

developmental purpose increased, this was due

to a significant decline of capital outlay and loans

and advances by the State government for developmental purposes.

Figure 121: Developmental Expenditure as

percentage of Total Expenditure

56.5%

70.6%

45.1%

53.4%

59.2%

2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

(RE)

2019-20

(BE)



Thus, despite the fiscal stress, Punjab has been able to lay focus on better delivery of social and

economic services with a prime focus on the development of education, sports, art & culture and

agriculture & allied activities.

SDG Indicator 1.a.2 Proportion of total government spending on essential

services (education, health and social protection)

Table 69: Proportion of total government spending on education, health and social security (average

for 2014-15 to 2018-19 (RE))

State Education Medical and Public

Health

Social Security and

Welfare

Andhra Pradesh 13.9% 3.6% 8.2%

Gujarat 15.5% 5.1% 0.7%

Haryana 14.5% 3.7% 6.3%

Karnataka 13.5% 4.1% 4.4%

Kerala 16.8% 5.2% 4.5%

Maharashtra 18.6% 4.3% 1.6%

Punjab 13.3% 3.7% 2.4%

Tamil Nadu 15.2% 3.8% 4.6%

Telangana 10.4% 3.5% 5.0%


Note: Loans and Advances by State Government for social security and welfare have not been considered due to non-

availability of data

Table 69 denotes the proportion of total government expenditure on various social services for Punjab

vis-à-vis select states. As discussed in the chapter on human development, education infrastructure in

Punjab is one of the best in the country. Learning outcomes on the other hand needs to be improved.

Punjab performs well on many of the health indicators except maternal mortality rate. Therefore,

government spending on health and education may possibly be reviewed to address these challenges.


Box 23: Impact of demographics on State’s finances

Development Expenditure: Select Indicators

Figure 122 presents the performance of Punjab on development expenditure vis-à-vis select states.

The analysis has been done on three parameters: (a) development expenditure51 as percentage of

GSDP, (b) social sector expenditure52 as percentage of GSDP and (c) capital outlay as percentage of

GSDP. On an average, development expenditure as percentage of GSDP stood at 9.6% for Punjab

between 2014-15 and 2018-19 (RE), which is higher than that of states like Gujarat, Kerala,

Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. Similarly, average of social sector expenditure as percentage of GSDP

stood at 5.6% for Punjab. However, capital outlay as percentage of GSDP is the least for Punjab among

the select states.

This is to be noted that while Punjab shows a sustainable fiscal path, revenue expenditure requirements

are more than many other states. However, revenue expenditure should not be accounted as wasteful

expenditure.

51 Development expenditure includes the development components of revenue expenditure, capital outlay and loans and

advances by state government

52 Social sector expenditure includes expenditure on social services, rural development, and food storage and warehousing

(given under revenue expenditure, capital outlay and loans and advances by state government)

The share of Punjab’s population in India’s total population declined from 2.49% in 1971 to

2.33% in 2011. Punjab’s share is further expected to decline to 2.07% by 2041. Although this has

been an outcome of various family planning initiatives implemented by Govt. of Punjab, the

declining share in India’s population will have implications in terms of central transfers.

The 15th Finance Commission as well as the previous Finance Commissions have identified

population as one of the criteria for determining the share of states in horizontal devolution of

central taxes. Over and above the criterion of standalone population, other criteria like income

distance, demographic performance and tax effort are scaled by population. Therefore, if the

subsequent Finance Commissions also recommend the use of latest population data in

determining the inter se share of states, those states which have been able to control their

population would be at a disadvantage.

Moreover, as highlighted in Chapter 1, a demographic shift could be observed in Punjab with the

population moving towards older age groups. This would require the State to invest heavily in

social security measures which may put a strain on the State’s finances.

Source: Various Central Finance Commission reports and Union Government Economic Survey, 2018-19


Figure 122: Development expenditure of Punjab vis-a-vis select states on select indicators (average

for 2014-15 to 2018-19 (RE)

Note: DEV : Development Expenditure SSE: Social Sector Expenditure CO: Capital Outlay

Punjab, over the years, has invested heavily in development of infrastructure which has implications

in terms of operation and maintenance expenses and establishment expenses. As shown in Chapter 6,

in terms of education and health infrastructure, Punjab performs relatively well on number of schools

and health facilities across the State. This requires the State to provide teachers and health workers in

schools and hospitals respectively which eventually increases revenue expenditure requirements.

Key fiscal indicators

Punjab’s performance on deficit indicators over the past years has shown signs of stability

(Figure 123). It is estimated that the revenue deficit of Punjab will be restricted to 2.0% of GSDP in

2019-20 (BE) as compared to 2.3% in the previous year. Prudent debt management policies are being

implemented to achieve revenue surplus as the State achieved primary surplus in 2017-18. Punjab’s

fiscal deficit was 2.6% in 2017-18, much lower than 12.3% in the previous year. The government has

estimated to restrict the fiscal deficit at 3.4% during the financial year 2019-20 (BE), the same level

as in 2018-19 (RE). Although the State is yet to achieve the targets of deficit indicators as prescribed

in the Punjab Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act 2003 (Amended 2006), it

has made consistent efforts to improve the fiscal situation, without abdicating its responsibilities

towards welfare schemes and development works.

9.6%

5.6%

0.8%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

DEV/GSDP SSE/GSDP CO/GSDP

Scope for expansion of capital outlay

Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Haryana Karnataka Kerala

Maharashtra Punjab Tamil Nadu Telangana

Source: State Finances: A study of Budgets, RBI and National Accounts Data, MOSPI


Figure 123: Key fiscal indicators of Punjab as percentage of GSDP

Note: +ve values indicate deficit and –ve values indicate surplus

Figure 124: Deficit indicators of Punjab vis-a-vis other states (as percentage of GSDP) in 2018-19

(RE)

Note: +ve values indicate deficit and –ve values indicate surplus

Punjab’s primary deficit as percentage of GSDP is the least among select states in 2018-19 (RE).

Figure 124 indicates a relatively higher revenue and fiscal deficit for Punjab as percentage of GSDP

vis-à-vis select states during 2018-19 (RE). However, Punjab has the lowest primary deficit (as

percentage of GSDP) among select states in 2018-19 (RE). Not only it is lowest amongst these states,

it is also declining temporally. When the primary deficit comes down, it implies that gross borrowing

requirement of the State has come down so that along with the present generation, the future



1.2

3.6

2.1

-0.1

2.1

0.8

1.2

2.9

0.9

0.0

2.9

1.71.7

3.0

1.0

0.6

2.1

0.8

2.3

3.4

0.3

1.2

2.7

1.0

0.0

3.3

2.0

Revenue Deficit Fiscal Deficit Primary Deficit

(in %

)

Punjab's primary deficit is the least among select states in 2018-19 (RE)

Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Haryana Karnataka Kerala Maharashtra Punjab Tamil Nadu Telangana

1.7

12.3

9.5

22.6

-0.6

2.3

3.4

0.3

2

3.4

0.3

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Revenue Deficit Fiscal Deficit Primary Deficit

(in %

)

State's deficit indicators show signs of stability

2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 (RE) 2019-20 (BE)


generations also bear lesser debt burden. It brings intergenerational equity in the distribution of public

resources. It does not make the future generations to carry the burden of present generation.

Public debt and other liabilities

State Liabilities

Total Outstanding Liabilities

Total outstanding liabilities for Punjab stood at Rs. 1,95,174.10 crores as on 31st March 2018. Figure

125 presents State’s total outstanding liabilities as percentage of GSDP from 2001 to 2020. A

consistently declining trend in outstanding liabilities to GSDP ratio could be observed between 2005

and 2014. There was, however, a sharp rise in the ratio to 42.8% in 2017. This was primarily due to

two reasons. Firstly, conversion of cash credit limit gap of Rs. 30,584.11 crores to a long-term loan.

As per State’s memorandum to 15th FC, this was followed by (a) denial of settlement by GoI, (b)

impending procurement season (c) accumulated gap between the outstanding Cash Credit Limit (CCL)

and value of stock of food grains, (d) RBI's direction to the funding banks to provide for the mismatch

and (e) rejection of the facility of CCL for the year 2016-17 by RBI and Ministry of Finance.

Secondly, extra debt-burden of Rs. 15,628 crores was added by the conversion Punjab State Power

Corporation Limited’s debt into state debt under scheme UDAY53. This step was undertaken to bring

about an operational and financial turnaround of the DISCOM. Total outstanding liabilities declined

to 40.7% of GSDP in 2018 and is further expected to decline in 2020 owing to prudent debt

management policies implemented by the State.

The Debt Vulnerability Matrix has been mapped which comprise of Debt Burden (Outstanding

liabilities to GSDP ratio) and Interest Burden (Interest Payments to Revenue Receipts ratio). Debt

Burden as at end-March 2018 has been considered while the analysis of interest burden has been

carried out over a period of 2013-14 to 2017-18.

The index shows that Punjab has high vulnerability with respect to both parameters.

53 Ministry of Power, Government of India (https://pib.gov.in/newsite/printrelease.aspx?relid=137344)

0

20

40

60

200

1

200

2

200

3

200

4

200

5

200

6

200

7

200

8

200

9

201

0

201

1

201

2

201

3

201

4

201

5

201

6

201

7

201

8

201

9 (

RE

)

202

0 (

BE

)

(in %

)

Figure 125: Punjab's outstanding liabilities as percentage of GSDP (as on end March) (in %)


https://pib.gov.in/newsite/printrelease.aspx?relid=137344


Table 70: Debt-Vulnerability matrix

State Development Loans (SDLs) are projected to form 55% of Punjab’s outstanding liabilities

as on end March 2020. SDLs are market-oriented instruments for states to mobilise funds from the

open market. Their issuance is facilitated by RBI and the rate of interest is determined through auction.

Hence, a strong fiscal situation of a state would enable it to borrow loans from the market at a lower

interest rate. Figure 126 presents the composition of outstanding liabilities of Punjab vis-à-vis select

states as on end March 2020. It can be noted that SDLs, loans from banks and financial institutions

and provident fund are the leading contributors towards Punjab’s outstanding liabilities. Loans under

scheme UDAY also form a significant share of around 7% towards total outstanding liabilities of the

State.

Composition of outstanding liabilities has undergone a change with Punjab moving towards

SDLs (open market borrowings) and loans from banks and financial institutions. As represented

in Figure 127, SDLs and NSSF (National Small Savings Fund) were the largest contributor to

outstanding liabilities as on end-March 2011, contributing 38.4% and 30.1% respectively. However,

as on end-March 2020, the share of SDLs increased to 55.5%. Moreover, with the recommendations

of 14th Finance Commission of excluding most of the states and UTs from NSSF, the share of NSSF

in 2020 has declined to 7.3%.

Particulars

Debt Burden (Outstanding Liabilities to GSDP)

Very

High High Medium Low

Above

50% 31%-50% 20%-30% Below 20%

Inte

rest

Bu

rden

(In

tere

st P

aym

ents

to

Rev

enu

e R

ecei

pts

)

Ver

y

Hig

h

Ab

ov

e

25

%

Hig

h

16

%-2

5%

Punjab,

Kerala,

West

Bengal

Gujarat, Haryana

Med

ium

10%

-

15%

Rajasthan,

Uttar

Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh, Goa,

Tamil Nadu Maharashtra

Low

Bel

ow

10%

Bihar Jharkhand, Madhya

Pradesh, Odisha

Chhattisgarh,

Karnataka



38%

55%

7%30%

7%6%

13%15%

11%

10% 7%

as on March 2011 as on March 2020

Debt Composition has changed with more open market borrowings and loans

from banks and FIs

Others

Provident Fund

Loans from banks and

FIs

NSSF

Power Bonds/UDAY

SDLs

Figure 127: Change in debt composition of Punjab


Others include (a) Compensation and other bonds, (b) WMA from RBI (c) Loans from Centre (d) Reserve Fund (e)

Deposits and Advances and (f) Contingency Fund

Figure 126: Composition of outstanding liabilities of Punjab vis-a-vis select states (as at end

March 2020)

55%64%

Punjab Select States

State Development Loans (SDLs) have the largest share of outstanding

liabilities

Others

Provident Fund

NSSF

UDAY

Loans from banks and FIs

SDLs


Others include (a) Compensation and other bonds, (b) WMA from RBI (c) Loans from Centre (d) Reserve Fund (e)

Deposits and Advances and (f) Contingency Fund


Public financial management reform initiatives

Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS): IFMS is a State-run financial management

system to facilitate sound public financial management for Government of Punjab by establishing an

efficient fund flow system as well as a payment-cum-accounting network.

As per Domar’s model on debt sustainability, public debt’s share of GDP should be decreasing or

constant in medium term so that the State does not fall into a debt trap. In the last 10 years, total

outstanding liabilities of Punjab as percentage of GSDP (referred here as debt to GSDP ratio) has

moved in the range of 30% to 40% (except in 2016-17 due to the impact of CCL gap and UDAY

loans).

Domar specifies that to meet the condition of stable or declining debt to GSDP ratio, effective

interest rate on government loans should be lower than nominal growth of GSDP. As shown in

Figure 128, effective interest rate has been lower than nominal GSDP growth rate except in 2014-

15.

Figure 128: Nominal Growth and effective interest rate (%)


The evolution of public debt has been assessed using data since 2009-10 in context of Punjab. As

per Domar, if nominal GSDP growth rate is greater than rate of interest and the primary deficit

remains same or keep on declining, then debt stock as % of GDP tends to remain stable at level d*

or keep on declining.

Out of the last 10 years, in nine years, Punjab experienced nominal GSDP growth that was higher

than the rate of interest it was paying. Except in 2017-18, Punjab always had a primary deficit. As

per Domar condition, under this situation, the debt may get stabilized to:

d*= s/ (r-g) where s is primary balance as percentage of GSDP, r is nominal interest rate and g is

nominal growth rate of GSDP.

Based on data for last 10 years (2009-10 to 2018-19), d* comes to be 20.4% (leaving aside outliers

in 2015-16 and 2016-17 when due to CCL gap and UDAY scheme, primary deficit was

disproportionately high). Temporally this is lower than 26.6% experienced during 2000-01 to 2008-

09. This is an encouraging development in context of stability of debt.

Box 24: An economic analysis of debt sustainability of Punjab


Integration with E-Kuber: E-Kuber is a Core Banking Solution (CBS) for processing of payments

and receipts. In e-payment model of E-Kuber, payments are directly processed by RBI, thereby,

eliminating the role of Agency Banks and their resulting delays. In e-receipt model of E-Kuber,

reporting of Government receipts for various services is made by banks to RBI and a consolidated

receipt reporting is made by RBI to the State.

Cyber Treasury Portal: The State has developed a Cyber Treasury Portal (CTP) to facilitate online

transactions between citizens & the government for various government services. It is a secured portal

available 24x7, via which citizens can pay government tax/fee challan etc. online anytime, anywhere.

The portal has been integrated with Payment Gateway of NSDL (PayGov), thereby, providing citizens

a facility of payment through approximately 65 banks via internet banking. It has also been integrated

with SBI's payment gateway named

Multiple Option Payment System (MOPS) providing the facility of payment to citizens through debit

card, credit card and internet banking.

The State has also decided to integrate the CTP with E-Kuber system of RBI, as integration with E-

Kuber will streamline the reporting of Government receipts by agency banks. The portal has been

operational w.e.f. October 31, 2018.

Public Financial Management System (PFMS): PFMS is the portal developed by Government of

India to monitor the disbursal of funds up to the last beneficiary for Centrally Sponsored Schemes

(CSS). The State of Punjab has integrated its IFMS with PFMS, for seamless data flow from the State

treasury to Government of India in respect of spending of funds under CSS. The State has already

mapped 33 out of 38 Centrally Sponsored Schemes for the year 2018-19 in IFMS.

Human Resource Management System (HRMS): The Government of Punjab has adopted the

“Manav Sampada”, a software developed by NIC for computerization of service records of

government employees. The software has been implemented in all the administrative departments of

the State, whereby the salary bills of all employees and also their e-service books have been generated

on the system.

Pensioners’ Database & Mobile App: The State has also created a single electronic database of its

pensioners in IFMS. The Government with the availability of pensioners database can correctly

estimate its pension burden, expected outcome of policy interventions apart from auto-check of

individual pensions.

Vehicle Management System (VMS): VMS is a web-based application for creating a single database

of all vehicles owned by the Government in its various departments. It ensures optimal utilization of

vehicles especially during the times of disaster, correctly estimating the POL (Petroleum, Oil and

Lubricants) and maintenance expenditures and, thereby, helping in proper budgeting. The system has

been successfully implemented w.e.f. March 01, 2018.

E-State: E-State is a web-based application for creating a single database of properties

(land/buildings) owned by the Government in its various departments. This makes a ready database of

infrastructure available with the Government and assisting the Government in making better policy

decisions for optimal utilization of the infrastructure.

Chapter 8 Governance

Introduction

Traditionally, labour, capital, and the

productivity are considered as key

factors that determine economic

growth of countries. However, this

necessitates the question of how and

why some countries or states have high

labour, capital or productivity and

others don’t. One potential answer to

this is that governance architecture

play a key role (see Box 25 for a

discussion on the empirical literature

on this). The reasons are manifold.

Governments establish the rule of law,

which is critical for enforcing property

rights, contracts, patents etc., all of

which facilitate entrepreneurship and

growth of private enterprise.

Governments build trust in the society

by being transparent in its operations,

building stable monetary system etc.

so that markets can flourish.

Governments ensure that no one is left

behind which promotes social and economic stability. Hence, good governance can facilitate an

enabling environment for the economy towards higher orbit of growth. Moreover, it also ensures that

the fruits of that growth are equitably distributed among all strata of society.

In simple terms, governance refers to the processes, structures including norms and values prevalent

which ensures that government remains accountable to citizens, transparent in its operations,

responsive to people’s needs, maintain rule of law and stability, keep equity and inclusiveness on the

agenda, empower all sections of the society, and conduct its operation in participatory manner

(UNESCO).

Punjab has adopted varied measures to strengthen governance in the State. Punjab is amongst the top

ranking states in India on Sustainable Development Goal 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions

(SDG Index, NITI Aayog 2019-20). Some of the steps in that direction include (i) Crime and Criminal

Tracking Network & Systems (CCTNS) project to track police complaints, (ii) enactment of a new

Lokpal legislation to give power to Lokpal to initiate action on complaints against the bureaucracy at

all levels including Chief Minister and the Ministers, (iii) establishment of Governance Ethics and

Reforms Commission, (iv) enactment of Punjab Transparency and Accountability in Delivery of Public

Services Act, and (v) Punjab Transparency in Public Procurement Act 2019 to enhance transparency.

The State has also leveraged Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and introduced

various e-governance initiatives with the objective of bringing a paradigm shift in public service

delivery and government functioning.

Elements of Governance

Law and Order

Combating corruption

E-governance

Transparency

Empowering local bodies

Figure 129: Elements of Governance


The Constitution of India distinguishes powers and responsibilities between the Union and the states.

Seventh schedule of the Constitution lists 66 subjects, which come under the purview of State.

Agriculture, food procurement, water supply, land, health and education are few of the State subjects.

Citizens have to directly interact with the state and the local governments in relation to these subjects.

Box 25: Does better governance lead to better development outcomes?

Governance is defined as the ‘traditions and institutions by which authority in a country is exercised’

(Kaufmann et al, 1999). This may include the political process that determines how the government

is formed (democracy versus one party rule, for example), effectiveness in policy making and

administration, and quality of institutions such as the legislature, the judiciary, bureaucracy, media

etc. Increasingly in the literature, governance and institutions have come to be seen as having a critical

role in growth and development.

For instance, Kaufmann et al (1999) conclude that improved governance positively impacts

developmental outcomes. For this, they build a database of ‘governance’ indicators capturing

information across six clusters: “Voice and accountability” and “Political instability and violence”,

together reflecting the fairness or ease with which the government changes; “Government

effectiveness” and “Regulatory burden” capturing the efficacy in government policy making; and

“Rule of law” and “Graft” capturing state and citizen trust in institutions. The data within each

indicator is based on polls of experts or national surveys of citizens. They then find positive

correlations between each of these clusters of governance indicators and development outcomes such

as per capita incomes, infant mortality, and adult literacy.

Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson (2001; 2002) use a more nuanced instrument to find that in

erstwhile European colonies, differences in per capita income of countries could be explained by

differences in average mortality rates and density of population at the time of colonization. The latter

are used as proxies for the nature of institutions that developed and persisted there. This is because

the nature of institutions in the colonies differed based on whether the colonists themselves settled

there in large numbers (US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand) or did not – Africa, Central America,

the Caribbean and South Asia. In the latter, they tended to develop “extractive” states where property

rights were guaranteed only for a few elites and there was unchecked, authoritarian government. In

contrast, in areas where they settled themselves, property rights were guaranteed for a broader section

of society. High mortality rates and high population densities in the colony at the time of colonisation

were indicative of “bad governance”.

Of course, this is not a settled debate. Economists point to examples of high growth being

concomitant with bad governance. Japan’s rapid economic growth while practicing crony capitalism

in the post World War II period, or New York City’s growth while the city government was seen as

a cesspool of corruption in the 19th century are cases in point.

Sources:

Acemoglu, D; J. Robinson, (2008). The Role of Institutions in Growth and Development. Commission on Growth and

Development Working Paper no. 10.

Kaufmann, D; A, Kraay; P Zoido Lobaton. (1999). Governance Matters. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper

2196.

Weil, D. (2012). Economic Growth International Edition. London: Routledge.

193 Chapter 8: Governance

Good governance ensures equity and justice, transparency, accountability, responsiveness and broad

public participation. This chapter discusses the various elements of governance in the context of Punjab.

These elements include: (i) Law and order (ii) Combating corruption (iii) E-governance (iv)

Transparency and (v) Empowering local bodies, as presented in Figure 129.

The chapter also throws light on various initiatives undertaken by the State government to ensure robust

governance structures and processes.

With a score of 83 on Sustainable Development Goal 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions,

on NITI Aayog’s SDG Index 2019-20, Punjab is amongst the top-ranking states on this goal. The

score at national level is 72. The impact of Punjab government’s initiatives in the field of governance

is evident by the 6th rank of the State on this goal. The State has one of the lowest number of victims of

human trafficking per 1 lac population (by sex age and form of exploitation) and proportion of

population subjected to physical psychological or sexual violence, amongst the 29 states.

Law and order

Ensuring law and order is an important element of good governance. Public order ensures a peaceful

and harmonious state of society with the rule of law ensuring equality, fairness and non-arbitrariness

within the state. Moreover, violence and disorder undermine economic growth and development leading

into a vicious cycle of under-development.

Police and Public order are State subjects under the

Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India.

Maintaining public order and preserving the rule of law

are indispensable functions of the State with the Police

force and the judiciary system acting as principal

enforcement agencies. As in 2018, there were 422 police

stations spread across the state.

Punjab Police rolled out the Crime and Criminal Tracking

Network & Systems (CCTNS) project to strengthen its

capabilities and meet the contemporary law and order challenges. The objective of this project is to

build a nationwide database of crime and criminal records and connect all police stations and their

supervisory offices across the country for information sharing while automating day-to-day functions

at police stations. Any police officer at any police station can access this database for detailed

investigation of a case and arrive at the desired outcome.

All police stations in Punjab have taken a digital leap by adopting CCTNS. All police stations of Punjab

have been equipped with computer hardware and are connected with the State Data Centre through

internet. Online registration of FIRs and General Diaries have also started through CCTNS. Citizens

can download a copy of FIRs lodged by them by entering a valid FIR number.

Punjab has one of the highest

police strength in India. In

Punjab, there are 275

policemen per lac population

which is nearly double than

All-India average of 134 per

lakh population.


Box 26: Geographic Information System (GIS) for effective planning

While 13-year-old data (FIRs and General Diaries) from 2005 to 2017 have already been digitized as

part of this project, all future data will be uploaded live from now onward54. Punjab has also been a

leader in the implementation of Interoperable Criminal Justice System (ICJS). ICJS aims to integrate

the CCTNS project with the e-courts and e-prisons databases in the first instance and with the other

pillars of the criminal justice system - forensics, prosecution, juvenile homes and a nationwide

fingerprint data base of criminals in a phased manner. The integration will be achieved by providing

access to the judiciary, police and prisons through a desktop dashboard and will facilitate investigations,

robust search facility for retrieving criminal data. National Crime & Criminal Data Search across all

pillars has also been made available to all police stations under ICJS project.

Punjab is the first state in India to launch a project on

community policing –“SAANJH”. Punjab Police

believes in the philosophy of community policing and

has integrated community with the working of police

by launching Saanjh. Saanjh project is an

institutionalised set up of 27 Community Police

Resource Centres (District Saanjh Kendras), 114

Community Policing Suvidha Centres (Subdivision

Saanjh Kendras) and 363 Police Station Outreach

Centres (Police Station Saanjh Kendras) in the State.

Every Saanjh Kendra is run by a police-public

committee comprising of police officers, ex-officio members representing government departments

such as health, education, women and child welfare etc. and representatives from amongst principals of

colleges, professionals and NGOs. These Saanjh Kendras are responsible for providing 20 civil services

of Punjab Police to the citizens, which are time bound under Right To Service Act, 201155. Citizens

from any part of the state may approach the nearest Saanjh Kendra for availing services from any police

station in the State including remote locations. The Saanjh portal also enables citizens to download

FIRs, track status of their complaints and search for information on missing/kidnapped persons, stolen

or lost items, arrested/wanted persons, etc. Office of Chief Minister of Punjab regularly monitors the

citizen services pendency of public services from Saanjh Kendras and the pendency has been reduced

thus ensuring time bound delivery of citizen services to the residents of Punjab.

54 http://punjab.gov.in/key-initiative?view=show&pp_id=27187 as viewed on 30 January 2020

55 http://www.punjabpolice.gov.in/rtsData.aspx as assessed on 30 January 2020

In Punjab, GIS Cell in Economic & Statistical Organisation (ESO), Department of Planning was

created on 20 May 2013 for effective application of GIS for spatial planning. The GIS Cell in ESO

and Punjab Remote Sensing Centre (PRSC), Ludhiana jointly prepared a Short-Term Action Plan

for Punjab GIS after discussions and meetings with various departments of Government of Punjab.

This Plan includes the preparation of GIS database on various themes like animal husbandry,

census, education, health, SUWIDHA, MPLAD, MGNREGA, water resources and tourism for the

whole State. The Plan also includes pilot studies for cadastral mapping, municipal GIS, soil quality,

carbon accounting, canal GIS, etc. The preparation of GIS database of all these themes (except

cadastral mapping, municipal GIS and carbon accounting) has been completed and the WebGIS of

completed themes has also been prepared by GIS Cell, ESO in collaboration with National Centre

of Geoinformatics (NCoG), National e-Governance Division and Ministry of Electronics &

Information Technology (MeitY), Govt of India. The Punjab GIS portal shall be launched for

departments and public soon.

This GIS data shall be useful for providing citizen centric services and also help in spatial planning

of resources and environment which would help in better decision making to achieve various social

and economic objectives.

http://punjab.gov.in/key-initiative?view=show&pp_id=27187

http://www.punjabpolice.gov.in/rtsData.aspx


Punjab has been a leading State in the country in the implementation of ePrisons project which has been

implemented in all the jails of the State. The scope of this project is to computerize and integrate all the

activities related to prison and prisoner management in the prison. This application suite provides vital

information about the inmates in the prisons in real time environment to the prison officials and other

entities, involved in criminal justice system. It facilitates online visit request and grievance redressal as

well.

ePrisons application suite, developed by NIC, is a cloud based product designed with easy-to-use

Graphical User Interface (GUI) and embedded with a comprehensive security features. Currently,

Custody Certificate Module is being implemented in the jails of the State as per the orders of Hon’ble

High Court.

Combating corruption

Eliminating corruption is not only an ethical

imperative but also an economic and a social

one. Corruption adversely impacts the

economy as it interferes with the rule of law,

impeding private enterprise, and wastes

taxpayer’s money. In addition, corruption

undermines policies and programs that aim to

reduce poverty. Thus, combating corruption is

at the heart of United Nation’s Sustainable

Development Goals.

The Vigilance Bureau is the main investigating wing of the Vigilance Department, Government of

Punjab which controls anti-corruption measures and probity in public life. The Vigilance Bureau has

taken various preventive as well as punitive measures to curb corruption which includes registration of

criminal misconduct cases, enquiries, investigation, raids, confiscation of property, prosecution of

criminals, arrests, etc. The details of cases registered with the Vigilance Bureau in 2019 (up to 31

December 2019) are as follows56:

1. Vigilance enquiries: 13 vigilance enquiries were registered against Gazetted officers, 22 against

Non-Gazetted officers and 6 against private persons for their alleged involvement in various acts of

corruption.

2. A total of 226 cases were registered with the Vigilance department, out of which 21 were against

Gazetted Officers, 160 against Non-Gazetted Officers and 44 against private persons. In contrast,

293 cases were registered in 2018.

3. Trap cases: 165 trap cases have been instituted, out of which 13 were against Gazetted Officers,

134 against Non-Gazetted Officers and 18 against private persons.

4. Registration of criminal misconduct cases: 57 criminal misconduct cases have been registered in

2019 against 7 Gazetted Officers, 24 Non-Gazetted Officers and 26 private persons. The number of

such cases registered 2018 were 107.

56 http://vigilancebureau.punjab.gov.in/crime_statistics.php, as accessed on 22 January 2020

A new Lokpal legislation replacing

Punjab Lokpal Act, 1996 to be enacted

which would give power to Lokpal to

initiate action on complaints against the

Chief Minister, the Ministers and the

bureaucracy at all levels (and not be a

recommendatory body).

https://www.google.com/url?q=http://vigilancebureau.punjab.gov.in/crime_statistics.php&sa=D&source=hangouts&ust=1579778442147000&usg=AFQjCNF0kYefIMT29CGEXG1dl-hhb5q4Uw


5. Disproportionate asset cases: 3 cases have been

registered, 1 against Gazetted officers and 2 against

Non-Gazetted officers, where an individual's net

economic assets significantly exceeded

the assets he or she should possess after accounting

for all sources of legal income.

6. Conviction Rate: The conviction rate in 2019 has

been 35% as against 42% in 2017 and 35% in 2018.

42 cases resulted in conviction, out of which 5 were

against Gazetted officers, 31 against Non-Gazetted officers and 6 against private persons.

Within the first month of 2020 (up to 20 January), 11 cases have been registered of which 9 are Trap

cases while 2 are for charges against criminal misconduct.

Figure 130: Online Complaint portal of Vigilance Bureau

In order to ease the procedure of lodging complaints against instances of corruption by public

servants, the Vigilance Bureau has introduced an online complaint portal. Citizens can fill the

complaint form online and seek services from the Vigilance Department without revealing their identity

publicly. The portal also enables them to track the status of their complaints.

E-governance

E-governance implies integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the day-to-

day functioning of the Government. It allows easier interaction between the government and various

stakeholders (citizens, business entities, government departments and agencies, employees) and

facilitates the government in improving its service delivery level. It also increases public participation,

tackling corruption and improves transparency.

The Department of Governance Reforms is the nodal agency of Government of Punjab for executing

various e-governance initiatives within the State. Punjab is committed towards upgrading the

Punjab Governance Ethics and

Reforms Commission has been setup

to examine, and give its

recommendations on all proposals

received from

departments/boards/corporations

projects worth more than Rs. 50 crore.


government machinery with the adoption of ICT, with the aim to enhance collaboration between the

Government and the governed. The Department of Governance Reforms with the help of its

implementing agencies - Punjab State e-Governance Society (PSeGS), District e-governance Society

(DeGS) and State e-governance Mission Team (SeMT), is responsible for carrying out various e-

governance projects in different departments of the Government.

Punjab has emerged as one of the leading state in the country to implement e-Governance initiatives in

every sphere of governance. With the objective of bringing a paradigm shift in public service delivery

and Government functioning, various e-governance projects have been implemented. A list of various

e-governance projects implemented by the Government of Punjab are presented in Table 71.

Table 71: List of e-governance initiatives by Government of Punjab

Area of Initiative Initiative Objective and Impact

Public Service

Delivery

Unification of Sewa

Kendras

• To integrate all channels of public service

delivery in order to avoid confusion among

citizens as to which service can be availed

from which department

• To bring uniformity across the state in service

delivery mechanism

• 253 public services of various departments

available under single window to citizens

• Estimated 50,000 citizens visiting Sewa

Kendras for public services

Online Services

Delivery/ Mobile

Governance

E-Sewa /M-Sewa

• To make citizen services available online for

convenience of citizens

• Computerisation of high-volume citizen

services

• Availability of citizen services on Mobile

Application (M-Sewa)

Reforms within

government

departments

e-Office

Implementation

• To improve efficiency, consistency and

effectiveness of government responses

• To reduce turnaround time and to meet the

demands of the citizens charter

• To provide for effective resource

management to improve the quality of

administration

• Successful implementation of e-Office in all

the departments of the State from 1st

November onwards including office of Chief

Minister and office of Chief Secretary,

Punjab



Establishment of

Core IT

Infrastructure

State Data Center

Punjab Wide Area

Network

• Core Infrastructure to consolidate services,

applications and infrastructure to provide

efficient electronic delivery of G2G, G2C and

G2B services

• Central Repository of the State, secure data

storage, online delivery of services, citizen

information/services portal, state intranet

portal, disaster recovery, remote

management, service integration, etc.

• Punjab Wide Area network to connect all

Government offices has been established till

block level in the State

• State of the art Punjab State Data Center has

been established and 80 State departments

applications are operational in it

• Cloud based services are being facilitated by

Department of Governance Reforms and

vendor empanelment has been completed by

the department. Many departments have

started using cloud-based services through

vendors empaneled by DGR.

Facilitation to

Businesses

e-Labour portal

Invest Punjab

• Fully operational online platform for

industries and workers operating in the state

to avail multiple services offered by the

Labour Department under various labour laws

with complete ease

• Online portal for construction workers

registrations

• Fully operational Business First (Invest

Punjab) portal. State has introduced a new

digital interface i.e. the Invest Punjab-

Business First portal for end to end investor

facilitation and transparent governance. This

is an initiative to enhance Ease of Doing

Business in the State and to offer a variety of

regulatory clearances & fiscal incentives on a

single digital interactive platform

Reform within

government

departments

Human Resource

Management System

(HRMS)

• To digitise the process of salary disbursement

of government employees and contractual

employees

• Basic detail entry is complete for 370276

employees and service books have been

verified for 352,662 employees



• Critical modules like salary, leave , property

returns have already been developed under

HRMS

Reform within

government

departments

Vehicle Management

System(VMS)

• To gather the information about state

government vehicles along with fuel and

maintenance expenses

Reform within

government

departments

Integrated Workflow

Document

Management System

(IWDMS)

and

Integrated Financial

Management System

(IFMS)

• To provide a multilingual and automated

solution for document management and

workflow management

• To reduce paperwork and ensure better

monitoring and transparency in government

functioning

• The project has been made live from 16th

March 2015 and is currently into the

Operation & Maintenance Phase till 2020

Digitisation Land Records

• To digitise the process of entering and storing

land records

• 100% digitisation of land records of rural

villages of Punjab has been accomplished

• National Generic Document Registration

System (NGDRS) – an end-to-end workflow

enabled configurable document, including

Property Registration System which can be

used by registration agencies has been

implemented in the State

Reform within

government

departments

Biometric Attendance

System (BAS)

• To record daily attendance of government

employees through biometric attendance

device which are installed in the office

premises

Reform at local

government level Local Government

• To leverage ICT for sustained improvement

in delivery of municipal services to citizens

• To create a platform where information

related to municipal administration would be

readily available for effective decision-

making

Source: Department of Governance Reforms & Public Grievances


Box 27: Unified data platform for data dissemination

Disposal of grievances in the State

PB-PGRAMS: Punjab Public Grievance Redressal and Monitoring System is a portal developed in

collaboration of Government of India and Government of Punjab to accept grievances from aggrieved

citizens. Citizens can lodge their grievances against all Government offices including Chief Minister’s

Office and Chief Secretary’s Office. This portal is up and running 24x7 and citizens can also submit

reminder/clarification on their grievances along with tracking the status of action taken upon them.

Figure 131: Public Grievances Portal of Government of Punjab

E-governance activities in Department of Housing and Urban Development

With a focus on e-governance the following activities were undertaken during the first 4 months of

financial year 2019-20 (up to 31 July 2019):

1. Digitization of master plan maps to enable people to get e-approval of CLUs

2. Launch of a unique mobile App to check unauthorized constructions.

In light of the vision and direction of Hon’ble Chief Minister of Punjab, an Open Government Data

Platform (punjab.data.gov.in) is being developed by Economic and Statistical Organisation, Punjab

through Ministry of Electronic and Information Technology (MeitY), Govt. of India and its NIC

state level unit of Punjab. It is being developed as per National Data Sharing and Accessibility

Policy, 2012 of Govt. of India. The data portal will facilitate various stakeholders to have easy

access to data of all the government departments. Initially, data of ‘Statistical Abstract of Punjab’,

which is one of the most important and voluminous document containing key datasets will be

uploaded on this portal on time series basis for every year since reorganization of the State. Some

of the other main sectors for which data will be uploaded are agriculture, water and sanitation,

education, finance, governance and administration, housing, health and family welfare, labour and

employment, transport, travel and tourism, etc. In the subsequent phases, efforts will also be made

to disseminate the most important datasets of line departments on this unified data portal. In this

regard, the Economic & Statistical Organisation (ESO) will act as the nodal department and will

provide technical assistance to all the line departments to prepare their datasets in standardised

format.

https://punjab.data.gov.in/


3. Launch of PUDA 360, an e-properties module to facilitate online property transactions, thus

bringing greater efficiency and transparency in the functioning of Punjab Urban Planning &

Development Authority (PUDA).

4. Launch of a new web portal of the Housing Department for issuance of electronic Change of

Land Use

Figure 132: Website of PUDA 360 - an e-online portal for property transactions

Transparency

Transparency enhances communication between the government and its citizens and builds

public trust. Delivery of public services is the primary objective of any government and this is executed

by spending public resources. Thus, information on how public business is carried out must be easily

available to the public. Moreover, transparency induces a sense of accountability in government

officials and enables effective participation from the public in the governance process thereby allowing

good and just governance.

Government of Punjab is focused on bringing about

greater transparency and efficiency in its day-to-day

functioning. With an aim to prevent corruption and

increase transparency in the delivery of public services,

Government of Punjab enacted ‘The Punjab

Transparency & Accountability in Delivery of Public

Service Act’ in 2018. This Act enabled backend

computerization of public services, mandatory online

receipt of service requests and delivery of services in a

stipulated time frame. The government also drafted ‘The

Punjab Transparency in Public Procurement Act, 2019’ to ensure transparency during the bidding

process for government tenders. This would foster an environment of healthy competition and put in

place a mechanism to prevent corrupt practices.

E-procurement initiative has been introduced to simplify government procurement and make the

process more transparent. It is an integrated system which cover all aspects of procurement - indent

of tender, tender preparation, bidding, bid evaluation and award of contract. The portal of e-procurement

Enacted two new acts:

• Punjab Transparency and

Accountability in Delivery of

Public Services (including

electronic service delivery) Act.

• Punjab Transparency in Public

Procurement Act 2019.


displays detailed information on all tenders floated by various departments of the Government.

Government e-Procurement System of NIC (GePNIC) has been fully implemented in all the

departments of the State for procurement purposes. Punjab has also been using the Government e-

Marketplace (GeM), which is a government-run e-commerce portal. It is a one-stop portal to facilitate

and enable easy online procurement of the consumer goods and services that are needed by various

government departments and PSUs.

Punjab maintains transparency in litigation management. Website of High Court of Punjab is an

open platform which makes information on litigation easily available to citizens. Litigation data is

updated on a regular basis. Litigants can view daily cause list (schedule of cases) and know about the

status and judgement of a case by providing some basic details related to the case. A display board

further presents real-time case proceeding information. Citizens can also enter their grievance/feedback

and track its status on the ‘Citizen Corner’ portal of the website.

Decentralisation: empowering local bodies

In a vast and diverse nation as India, strengthening of local government and their collaboration with the

State as well as the National Government is imperative for efficient delivery of public services. Local

bodies can be empowered by greater decentralization and devolution of the 3Fs – funds, functions and

functionaries which makes them self-reliable financially, politically and administratively.

The State Government has devolved all 18 functions to Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and 13 functions

to Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) as per the Constitution of India. The 11th and 12th schedule of the

Constitution of India lists out 29 and 18 functions respectively to be devolved to PRIs and ULBs. The

list of various functions as devolved to the local bodies have been summarised below:

Table 72: Status of devolution of functions to local bodies

Local Body List of Functions

Panchayati Raj

Institutions

1) Animal Husbandry, Dairying &

Poultry

2) Rural Housing

3) Drinking Water

4) Education including Primary &

Secondary Schools

5) Libraries

6) Cultural Activities

7) Markets and Fairs

8) Health & Sanitation

9) Family Health

10) Women and Child

Development

11) Social Welfare

12) Welfare of the Weaker

sections

13) Maintenance for the

Community System

Urban Local Bodies

1) Urban planning including town

planning

2) Regulation of land use and

construction of buildings

3) Planning for economic and social

development

4) Roads and bridges

5) Water supply

6) Public health, sanitation,

conservancy and solid waste

management

7) Fire service

8) Urban forestry

10) Slum improvement

11) Urban poverty alleviation

12) Provision of urban amenities

and facilities

13) Promotion of cultural,

educational and aesthetic aspects

14)Burials and burial grounds;

cremations, cremation grounds

and electric crematoriums

15) Cattle ponds

16) Registration of births and

deaths

17) Public amenities


Local Body List of Functions

9) Safeguarding the interests of

weaker sections of society

18) Slaughterhouses and tanneries

Source: Memorandum to 15th Finance Commission, Government of Punjab

During the first 4 months of 2019-20, the following

steps have been undertaken to further strengthen the e-

governance initiatives at municipality level:

• Official Websites for all 167 ULBs have been

created for providing information about

government services.

• Facility of online application for new water and sewer connection along with online Billing and

collection.

• Online collection of Property Tax to facilitate citizens to pay from anywhere and anytime and

improving transparency and accountability in the functioning of the ULBs.

• Online Application for Fire NOC & Trade License under ease of doing business.

• Mobile Application for citizens and employees for handling Public Grievances.

• Double Entry Accounting system has been rolled out in pilot towns to increase transparency and

accountability.

Reservation of women in urban

local bodies has been raised from

33 % to 50%.

nfXnkfJ 1L ft;fsqs nkofEe ;whfynk

fJj nk; ehsh ik ojh j? fe 5 ;kbK dh ntXh s'A pknd, gµikp ft¤u nkofEe tkXk do 2019^20 ft¤u okPNoh n";s ftek; do ƒ gSkV d/t/rh. go okPNoh o[MkBK d/ nB[;ko fgSb/ ;kb d/ w[ekpb/ ftek; do w¤Xw ofjD dh T[whd j?. fJj ;µiw Gkosh nkofEesk ns/ yk; s"o s/, y/shpkVh ns/ fBowkD y/so ftu nkw wµdh dk Bshik j?. fJj y/so gµikp d/ e[Zb w[Zb tkXk ftu t¤X s'A t¤X fj¤;k gkT[Ad/ jB. ;/tktK d/ y/so ftu tkXk 7# d/ nkb/^d[nkb/ ;fEo ofjD dh T[whd j?. y/shpkVh ;?eNo ekoiPhb npkdh ftu 25# s'A t¤X dh npkdh bJh o'Ih^o'Nh dk fJ¤e ;o's j?, i' fe gµikp d/ e[Zb oki w[Zb tkXk (ihn?;thJ/) ft¤u fJ; y/so d/ fj¤;/ s'A E'VQk fijk x¤N j?. fJj oki ft¤u y/shpkVh ekoiK d/ T[¤u g¤Xoh wPhBheoB dk Bshik j?. y/shpkVh ;?eNo nkofEesk ftu ftek; ƒ tXkT[Adk j? ns/ oki ft¤u T[d:'rK ns/ ;/tktK d/ y/soK ft¤u th tkXk do;kT[Adk j?.go, n¤r/ u¤bhJ/ sK c;bK dh ekPs, \k;s"o s/ eDe ns/ u"bK dh ekPs dk^i' ni/ s¤e pkIko ft¤u w[joh j?^tkX/ dk ;o's j'D dh ;µGktBk BjhA j?. 2018^19 ftu th c;bh g?dktko ftu e[Zb oki w[Zb tkXk x¤N j'fJnk. fJ; dh EK s/ c;bh ftfGµBsk ns/ ‘;pµXs y/soK* T[s/ tX/o/ fBoGosk Bkb n¤r/ tXD dh ;µGktBk pDdh j?. gµikp d/ fe;kB fJ; r¤b s'A ikD{ jB, feT[Afe gP{^XB ;?eNo B/ fgSb/ ;kbK ft¤u e[Zb oki w[Zb tkXk ;?eNo ft¤u tZX fjZ;k gkfJnk j?. T[d:'r ;?eNo e[Zb oki w[Zb tkXk ftZu 25# dk :'rdkB gkT[Adk j? ns/ fgSb/ gµi ;kbK ft¤u 5# s'A fInkdk dk tkXk do;kfJnk j?. jkbKfe, 2019^20, d"okB ;?eNo ftu e[M tkX/ ftZu XhwkgD d/fynk frnk, feT[Afe T[sgkdB y/so (i' e[Zb oki w[Zb tkXk d/ 13# s'A t¤X dh fj¤;/dkoh gkT[Adk j?) 1H8# dh do Bkb tfXnk. T[;koh y/so dk e[Zb oki w[Zb tkXk,fpibh ns/ j'o ;j{bsK tkbhnK ;/tktK dk e[Zb oki w[Zb tkXk th fgSb/ ;kb Bkb'A Xhwh ocsko Bkb tfXnk j?. ;/tktK dk y/so nkofEe rshftXhnK ns/ o[Irko f;oiD ftu fJe w'joh y/so j?. 2019^20 ft¤u, ;?eNo ƒ fJ; d/ T[¤u ftek; d/ wkor s/ ikoh ofjD dh nk; j?. j'o ;/tktK^fiBQK ftu f;js, f;¤fynk ns/ fB¤ih ;/tktK, tgko, w[oµws, j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?AN ns/ ohnb n;N/N ns/ g/P/to ;/tktK Pkwb jB B/ fJ; ftek; ƒ n¤r/ tXkfJnk j?. fJ; ;G Bkb b'eK bJh fpjso GbkJh Bshi/ ;kjwD/ nkJ/ jB, gµikp ftu gqsh ftnesh nkwdBh ;w[¤u/ Gkos d/ g¤Xo *s/ gqsh ftnesh nkwdB s'A 1H24 r[Dk t¤X j?. fJe j'o ;ekokswe s¤E ;kb 2015^16 ftu B?PBb c?wbh j?bE ;ot/ (n?BHn?cHn?uHn?;) okjhA ;kjwD/ nkfJnk i' fe s[bBkswe s"o *s/ x¤N “;µgsh@ n;wkBsk j?, fi; B/ do;kfJnk j? fe Gkos d/ okiK d/ gµi f;ow"o ;µgsh tkb/ okiK d/ ;w{jK ftu gµikp ftu ;G s'A t¤X nkpkdh nB[gks (62#) j?. jkb jh d/ ;kbK ft¤u, ekfwnK dh nkpkdh d/ nB[gks ft¤u ;[Xko j'Dk th ;[Xko t¤b ;µe/s eodk j?,go gfjbK Bkb'A feos Pesh dh tX/o/ Gkrhdkoh do dk wsbp finkdk p/o[Irkoh do th j?. Gft¤y ft¤u, gµikp d/ b'eK dh fpjsoh ftu tkXk eoB tkb/ edw ^fJ;sohnK ƒ eµw d/ y/so ft¤u Pkwb eoB ft¤u wdd eoBk, x¤N go ;[Xo ojh fJ;soh feos Pesh dh Gkrhdkoh do (n?bn?cghnko) ƒ ekp{ eoBk. ft¤sh jkbks mhe eoB bJh o'Irko gq'rokwK ƒ ;wo¤E eoBk. w"i{dk ekoiekb ft¤u, jkb jh d/ wjhfBnK ft¤u y[okeh ehwsK dh wfjµrkJh ƒ fB:µfsqs eoB Bkb okjs fwb/rh.

1H1 nkofEe ftek;

206

okPNoh o[MkBK d/ nB[;ko fgSb/ d' ;kbK s'A gµikp ft¤u nkofEe ftek; w¤Xw fojk j?. gµikp d/ e[b oki xo/b{ T[sgkdB bJh nr/s/ nB[wkB (;fEo 2011^12 dhnK ehwsK ‘s/) T[;/ o[MkB dh gkbDk eod/ jB, fit/A fe fu¤so 1 ft¤u ;g¤PN j? fe gµikp dk e[b oki xo/b{ T[sgkdB 2018^19 (s[ozs nB[wkB) ft¤u 5H98# ns/ ;kb 2019^20 (nr/s/ nB[wkB) ft¤u fJj 5H33# j'fJnk j?. ;kb 2019^20 d/ nr/s/ nB[wkBK nB[;ko gµikp dh ftek; do B/ e"wh g¤Xo dh ftek; do ƒ gSkV fd¤sk j?. fgSb/ e[M ;kbK d"okB ftek; doK ftu nkJh Bowh d/ pkti{d, toswkB ;kbK d/ o[MkBK d/ T[bN gµikp ;kb 2019^20 ftu e"wh n";s Bkb'A s/Ih Bkb ftek; dh/ ;zGktBk j?. ;kb 2013^14 s'A, gµikp dh ftek; do e"wh n";s Bkb'A x¤N ;h. go, 2019^20 d/ nB[wkB fJ; o[MkB ft¤u spdhbh dk ;µe/s fdµd/ jB. ;kb 2019^20 d/ nr/s/ nB[wkB do;kT[Ad/ jB fe gµikp ft¤u 5H33# d/ w[ekpb/ g{o/ Gkos d/ g¤Xo s/ ihHn?;HvhHghH ft¤u tkXk 5# j't/rk. T[sgkdB d/ g¤y'A, e[Zb oki w[Zb tkXk (ihHn?;HthHJ/H) d/ nB[wkB T[;/ jh s;tho ƒ do;kT[Ad/ jB. e"wh g¤Xo ns/ gµikp oki g¤Xo d'tK *s/ jh, e[Zb oki w[Zb tkXk dh ftek; do ft¤u froktN dk o[MkB d/fynk frnk j?.go, 2019^20 bJh gµikp ft¤u ihHn?;HthHJ/H ft¤u n;b tkXk Gkos ft¤u n;b ihHthHJ/ d/ tkX/ Bkb'A fInkdk j?. ;kb 2019^20 d"okB e"wh g¤Xo ftu Bowh, \k;s"o s/ T[sgkdB y/so ft¤u th oki ft¤u ihHn?;HthHJ/H d/ tkX/ ftZu o[ektN dk ekoD j' ;edk j?. ;kb 2018^19 ftu 5H54# d/ w[ekpb/ 2019^20 ftu 5H09# d/ tkXk j'fJnk. fu¤so 1L Gkos dh ihvhgh d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp dh ihn?;vhgh dh ftek; do

;kXBL noE ns/ nµeVk ;µrmB, gµikp ns/ n?wHUHn?;HghHnkJhH, Gkos ;oeko

5.3%

5.0%

0%1%2%3%4%5%6%7%8%9%

2012^13 2013^14 2014^15 2015^16 2016^17 2017^18 2018^19 2019^20(nr/s/)gzikp Gkos

ftek;

do

;kb 2019^20 ftZu gµikp dh ihHn?;HvhHgh dk ftek; Gkos Bkb'A finkdk j'D dh T[whd

gµikp dh ihn?;vhgh

2015^16 s'A 2019^20

d/ d"okB 6H06# dh

do Bkb tXh j?.

207

1H2 y/soh ekor[Ikoh jkb jh d/ ;kbK ftu e"wh nkofEesk tKr jh ;/tktK d/ y/so B/ oki d/ e[Zb w{b tkX/ ftu ;G s'A t¤vk fj¤;k gkfJnk j? (N/pb 1). fgSb/ 5 ;kbK (;kb 2015^16 s'A 2019^20(nr/s/)) d"okB, gµikp ftu ;/tktK d/ y/so B/ ;kbkBk n";sB 46H4# dk :'rdkB gkfJnk j?. fe;/ th nkofEesk dh ;[Gkfte gfotosB gqfeqnk noE ftt;Ek B{z n¤r/ tXkT[D bJh ;/tktK y/so ftu ;G s'A t¤vk :'rdkB gkT[Adk j?H T[¤u gqsh ftnesh nkwdB ns/ you eoB dh tX/o/ ;wo¤Ek Bkb, ;/tktK dh wµr ftu tkXk j'fJnk j?, i' fe gµikp d/ wkwb/ ftu th ;g¤PN j[µdk j?. ;kb 2019^20 d/ nr/s/ nB[wkB gµikp d/ ihn?;thJ/ ft¤u ;/tktK fj¤;/dkoh ft¤u j'o tkX/ t¤b ;µe/s eod/ jB i' fe ;kb 2018^19 ft¤u 46H2# s'A ;kb 2019^20 (nr/s/)ft¤u 46H7# j' frnk. ;koDh 1L gµikp d/ ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H ftu y/soh ftek; do, fj¤;/dkoh ns/ o[Irko

ftek; do (;fEo ehwsK s/) ihHn?;HthHJ/H ftZu fjZ;k(gqubs

ehwsK s/)

o'Irko ftZu fjZ;k

;kb 2012^13 s'A 2016^17 sZe dh n";s

2017^18 (gh)

2018^19 (s[ozs)

2019^20

(nr/s/)

;kb 2012^13

s'A 2016^17 sZe dh n";s

2017^18 (gh)

2018^19 (s[ozs)

2019^20

(nr/s/)

2017^18

y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs

y/so

1.7% 4.6% 2.3% 2.3% 29.2% 29.0% 28.7% 28.1% 26.0%

T[d:'r 4.9% 6.0% 5.8% 4.0% 24.6% 24.7% 25.1% 25.2% 33.1%

;/tktK 7.3% 6.8% 7.1% 7.0% 46.1% 46.2% 46.2% 46.7% 40.9%

;kXBL noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB,gzikp, ghHn?bHn?cHn?; 2017^18

fco th, e"wh nkofEesk d/ T[bN, y/shpkVh ns/ fJ; Bkb ;pµXs rshftXhnK B/ gµikp d/ ;w[¤u/ w[¤b tkX/(tb:{ n?fvv) ft¤u fJe t¤vk fj¤;k gkfJnk j?, i' fe T[d:'r d/ :'rdkB s'A th t¤X j?. ;kb 2019^20ftu y/shpkVh ns/ fJ; d/ Bkb i[V/ y/soK B/ gzikp d/ ihHn?;HthHJ/H ftu 28H1# dk fjZ;k gkT[D dh ;zGktBk j?. 1960^1970 d/ djke/ ft¤u joh eqKsh ns/ gµikp ft¤u y/shpkVh d/ wPhBheoB s'A pknd, gµikp oki d/P dk nµBdksk ;kps j'fJnk j?.fJj y/so gµikp dh nkofEesk dk ;µukbe pfDnk j'fJnk j?, oki ft¤u T[d:'r ns/ ;/tktK d/ y/so ƒ th Bkb o¤y fojk j?, fit/A fe pke; 1 ft¤u do;kfJnk frnk j?. y/so d/ ftek; ft¤u nkJh froktN ekoB oki dh ;w[¤uh ftek; do ft¤u th ewh nkJh j?.

pk¤e; 1L y/shpkVh ;?eNo gµikp d/ ftek; ƒ n¤r/ tXk fojk j?L^ fit/A fe gfjbK th d¤f;nk frnk j? fe e"wh o[MkBK d/ nB[;ko gµikp d/ e[Zb w[¤b tkX/ dh y/soh ;µouBk tX/o/ ;µs[fbs j?. jkbKfe ;/tktK y/so dk fj¤;k ;G s'A finkdk j?, f|o th ihHthHJ/H ftu T[d:'rK ns/ y/shpkVh dk fj¤;k wj¤stg{oD j?. id'A fe fsµB ;?eNo nkg; ft¤u i[V/ j'J/ jB ns/ fJ¤e y/so ft¤u so¤eh d{i/ y/soK ƒ th gqGkts eodh j?, y/shpkVh ;?eNo ƒ gµikp dh nkofEesk dh ;µukbe Pesh wµfBnk ik ;edk j?. joh eqKsh d"okB gµikp dh

208

nkofEesk ft¤u s/Ih gµikp ƒ d/P d/ ;G s'A nwho okiK ft¤u Pkwb eoB ft¤u fJ; y/so t¤b'A fBGkJh G{fwek dh rtkjh Godh j?. gµikp fJe y/shpkVh nkofEesk ti'A u¤b fojk j? ns/ y'i nfXn?B do;kT[Adk j? fe y/shpkVh ;?eNo j'o y/soK ft¤u ftek; fbnkT[D ft¤u wj¤stg{oD G{fwek ndk eodk j?. fJe ;kb d/ nµsokb d/ Bkb, fJe :[fBN d/ y/shpkVh d/ gfoDkw ftu ;/tktK T[sgkdK ftu 1H4 :{fBNK ns/ T[d:'fre T[sgkd ftu 1H77 :{fBNK dk tkXk j[µdk j?, i' d{i/ ;?eNoK d/ gqGkt Bkb'A d' s'A fsµB r[Dk t¤X j?. gµikp ft¤u pj[s/ T[d:'r y/sh nXkos j'D eoe/, y/shpkVh ft¤u tkXk T[d:'rK bJh e¤u/ wkb ft¤u tkXk eodk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk, gµikp eDe ns/ M'B/ d/ e/Adoh Gµvko dk fJe t¤vk fj¤;k g?dk eoB eoe/, fJBQK nBkiK dh Y'nk^Y[nkJh ;/tktK y/so ƒ fte;s eodh j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk, fJ; r¤b s/ fXnkB fd¤sk ikDk ukjhdk j? fe tX/o/ y/shpkVh nkwdBh d/ Bkb T[d:'rK ns/ ;/tktK d/ y/so s'A T[sgkdK dh wµr g{oh nkofEesk ƒ j[bkok fdµdh j?. fJj ;g¤PN j? fe y/shpkVh ;?eNo nkofEesk dk X[ok j? i' j'o ;?eNoK ftu ftek; ƒ wIp{sh fdµdk j? ns/ nkofEesk ƒ ubkT[Adk j?. y/shpkVh ns/ ;zpzXs y/so fJfsjk;e s"o *s/ Gkos d/ y/shpkVh T[sgkdB ns/ y[oke ;[o¤fynk ƒ j[bkok d/D ftu gµikp dh G{fwek wj¤stg{oD ojh j?. 1960 ns/ 1970 d/ djke/ dh joh eqKsh ftu gµikp oki g¤Swh T[¤so gqd/P ns/ jfonkDk d/ Bkb ;G s'A n¤r/ ;h. n¤i se, fJj ‘Gkos dk nµBdksk* j'D dk fyskp o¤ydk j? ^ d/P d/ uktb d/ T[sgkdB ftu 12# ns/ eDe d/ T[sgkdB ftu 18# dk :'rdkB gkT[Adk j?. ftP/P s"o *s/ d/P d/ y/so ftu d' c;bK dh ekPs nXhB gµikp dk gqshPs fj¤;k eqwtko1 7# ns/ 12# ;h.1 fJj T[¤u g?dktko, wPhBheoB dh ekPs gµikp dh y/sh dh fJe ftb¤yD ftP/Psk j?. fJ; dk noE fJj th j? fe ;w[¤u/ Gkos d/ g¤Xo d/ soQk,fiE/ e[¤b w[¤b tkX/ ft¤u 16# fj¤;k gkT[Adk j?, d/P ft¤u y/shpkVh ns/ fJ; Bkb i[V/ y/so bJh o[Irko ft¤u fJj 44# dh fj¤;/dkoh gkT[Adk j?, gµikp d/ ihHn?;HthHJ/H ft¤u 29# dk fj¤;k ns/ o[Irko ftu 26# d/ tX/o/ nB[gks tkbk fj¤;k gkT[Adk j?. (pke; 2) pke; H2L gµikp ft¤u wPhBhfeqs y/shpkVh ;?eNo d/ Bkb ;µs[fbs T[sgkdB ns/ o[Irko YKuk Gkos d/ okiK ftu fJe nkw o[MkB d/ nB[;ko oki d/ e[Zb w[Zb tkX/ ftu ;/tktK y/so dk dpdpk j?, fi; s'A pknd T[sgkdB ns/ y/shpkVh y/so nkT[Ad/ jB.go, o[Irko dh r¤b eohJ/ sK fsµB ;?eNoK ft¤u wId{oK dh tµv w[¤y s"o s/ y/shpkVh t¤b M[edh j?. fsµB ;?eNoK d/ T[sgkdB ns/ o[Irko n;wkBsk okPNoh gZXo s/ th d/yD B{z fwbdh j? fi; sok ;koDh 2 ftZu do;kfJnk frnk j? Gkos d/ ihthJ/ ftu y/shpkVh ;?eNo dk fj¤;k 2019^2020 d/ nr/s/ nB[wkBK nB[;ko 16H58# j'D dh T[whd j?, id'A fe fJ; y/so ftu e[b feos Pesh ftu'A brGr fsµB r[Dk (44H14#) ƒ o[Irko fwbdk j?. fJj n;µs[bB y/shpkVh ;?eNo dh finkdk wid{o gqfeosh ns/ e"wh g¤Xo *s/ gqsh wId{o x¤N T[sgkdB t¤b ;µe/s eodk j?H fJ; d/ T[bN, ;/tktK y/so fi; B/ 2019^20 ftu Gkos d/ ihthJ/ dk 55H3# :'rdkB dh T[whd j?, ns/ o[irko ftZu e[¤b 31H04# fj¤;k ygs ehsk j?. fJj e"wh g¤Xo *s/ ;/tktK y/so ftu p/o[Irkoh d/ tkX/ t¤b ;µe/s eodk j?.

1 Data for 2017-18,available in Agriculture Statistics at a Glance,2018

209

fJ¤e ftgohs o[MkB ft¤u, fsµB ;?eNoK ft¤u, gµikp ft¤u T[sgkdB ns/ o[Irko dh ouBk s[bBkswe o{g ft¤u pj[s fInkdk ;µs[fbs j?. ;kb 2019^20 (nr/s/) ftu y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs rshftXhnK B/ oki d/ ihHthHJ/ ftZu 28H1# s'A t¤X :'rdkB gkfJnk j? ns/ oki dh e/tb 26# feos Pesh dh tos'A ehsh j?. T[ZBs N?eBkb'ih dh tos'A fit/A y/sh T[geoD ns/ s[bBkswe o{g Bkb wfjµr/ n?uHtkJhHth phi ns/ ykd eJh fe;kBK ƒ d{i/ ;?eNoK t¤b ikD bJh wip{o eod/ jB. fJ; B/ e"wh g¤Xo d/ o[MkBK dh s[bBk ft¤u, ;ko/ ;?eNoK ft¤u feoshnK dh tX/o/ ;µs[fbs tµv ns/ gqsh^feosh T[¤u g?dktko ƒ :ehBh pDkfJnk j?. gµikp d/ 2019^20 (nr/s/)nB[wkBK nB[;ko ihHthHJ/ ftZu 46H7# d/ fj¤;/ tkb/ ;/tktK d/ y/so ftu oki d/ feoshnK dk fj¤;k 40H9# j?. ;koDh 2L y/sotko ihHthHJ/ 2019^20 (nr/s/)ns/ o[irko dh tzv(2017^18) o'Irko ftZu fjZ;k (2017^18) ihHthHJ/H ftZu fjZ;k (2019^20)

gzikp

y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs y/so 26.0% 28.1%

T[d:'r 33.1% 25.2%

;/tktK 40.9% 46.7%

Gkos

y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs y/so 44.1% 16.5%

T[d:'r 24.8% 28.3%

;/tktK 31.0% 55.3%

;kXBLghHn?bHn?cHn?;H,w";gh,noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB,gzikp

fJ; bJh, fJj e'Jh j?okBh dh r¤b BjhA j? fe B?PBb nkb fJzvhnK o{ob ckJhB?Phnb fJBeb{iB ;ot/ (Bkch;) 2016^17 ftu d/fynk frnk fe ;ko/ okiK ftu, gµikp ftu y/shpkVh gfotkoK dh ;G s'A t¤X n";sB wkf;e nkwdB (23,133 o[gJ/) j?, id'A fe e[M |k;b/ dh d{oh s/ jfonkDk (18,946 o[gJ/) (Bkpkov, 2018)2 d{i/ Bµpo s/ j?. fJ; dk noE fJj th j? fe y/shpkVh okiK dh x¤N gqsh ftnesh nkwdBh tkbh nkw XkoDk gµikp d/ wkwb/ ftu ;¤u BjhA j?. n;b ft¤u, fJj fJ¤e pj[s jh ftobk oki j? i' e[¤b ihHn?;HthHJ/H ft¤u y/shpkVh dk fJ¤e t¤vk fj¤;k ns/ fJ¤e T[¤u ;w[¤uh gqsh ftnesh nkwdB dk wkD wfj;{; eodk j?. (pke; 3) pke; H3L y/shpkVh fj¤;k ns/ gqsh ftnesh nkwdB y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs rshftXhnK s'A nkT[D tkbh gqsh ftnesh nkwdB ns/ ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H dh fj¤;/dkoh d/ ftu fJe Bekokswe ;pµX j? fit/A fe j/mK fd¤s/ fu¤so 2 ftu d/fynk ik ;edk j?. fJj oki d/ n";s ghH;hHnkJhH d/ w[ekpb/ oki d/ ihHthHJ/H ft¤u n";s fj¤;/ B{z do;kT[Adk j?. fJj ftPb/PD nkw tor d/ ;w{j okiK bJh 2011^12 s'A 2016^17 d/ ;w/A bJh ehsk frnk j?.

2NABARD (2018). All India Rural Financial Inclusion Survey (NAFIS) 2016-17. Available at

https://www.nabard.org/auth/writereaddata/tender/1608180417NABARD-Repo-16_Web_P.pd

210

jkbKfe, gµikp fJe nfijk ftobk oki j? fi; ft¤u y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs rshftXhnK dk gqw[¤y fj¤;k j? ns/ ni/ th gqsh ftnesh nkwdB fInkdk j?. fu¤so 2 do;kT[Adk j? fe gµikp ns/ jfonkDk e[nkvo?AN III d/ d' jh oki jB (noEks, T[j oki fiBQK dh n";sB gqsh ftnesh nkwdB ns/ oki d/ ihHthHJ/H ft¤u y/shpkVh ns/ ;pµXs rshftXhnK dk fj¤;k nkw Pq/Dh okiK dh n";s s'A t¤X j?). n;b ftu, oki d/ ihthJ/ ftu y/shpkVh ns/ ;jkfJe y/soK dh fj¤;/dkoh d/ nXko s/ f;yo d/ 7 okiK ftu'A gµikp ftu gqsh ftnesh nkwdBh ;G s'A t¤X j?. fu¤so 2L u[D/ j'J/ okiK dh e[¤b oki w[¤b tkX/ ftu y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs y/soK dk fjZ;k ns/ n";sB gqsh ftnesh nkwdB (2011^12 s'A 2016^17)

B'NL r'nk B{z jNk fdZsk frnk j? feT[Afe fJj pkjoh j?. ihn?;thJ/ dk fjZ;k gqubs ehwsK(2011^12) s/ eZfYnk frnk j?. ;kXBL w";gh Gkos ;oeko.

jkb jh d/ ;kbK ft¤u, gµikp B/ y/shpkVh, yk; s"o s/ c;bK dh ekPs ft¤u nfB:ws ftek; do dk nB[Gt ehsk j?. fgSb/ d' ;kbK (2018^19 ns/ 2019^20(nr/s/)) ftu, y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs y/soK dh ihthJ/ ftek; do 2017^18 d/ 4H6# s'A x¤N e/ 2H3# *s/ nk rJh (;koDh 3). fJj wµdh c;bh g?dktko ;?eNo ft¤u ;G s'A t¤X fXnkB d/D :'r ;h, fiE/ ihthJ/ B/ fJ¤e Bekokswe ftek; do d/yh. 2018^19 d/ e/Adoh nkofEe ;ot/yD B/ fejk fe ;op Gkosh g¤Xo *s/ nBki dhnK ehwsK xND Bkb fe;kBK dk T[sgkdB x¤N ;edk j?. jkbKfe fJj fJe ;µGkts ekoB j' ;edk j? ^ y[oke ns/ ghD tkb/ gdkoEK bJh ;kb 2018^19 ftu ygseko w[¤b ;{ue nµe (;hghnkJh) fgSb/ ;kb d/ w[ekpb/ brGr fJe fsjkJh ;h^gµikp ftu c;bK dh ekPs ftu fJj wµdh bµp/ ;w/A d/ o[MkBK dk b¤SD th j' ;edh j?. fw;kb d/ s"o *s/, id'Afe M'B/ dh ekPs 2018^19 ftu xNh, M'B/ dh ekPs d/ oep/ ftu wkw{bh tkXk j'fJnk. fJ; bJh, MkV ftu froktN ƒ fIzw/tko mfjokfJnk ikDk ;h. fJj yV"s eDe dh ekPs bJh th ;jh j?, fit/A fe j/mK fd¤s/ fu¤so 3 ftu d/fynk ik ;edk j?. 2000 d/ djke/ s'A pknd M'B/ ns/ eDe dk oepk ns/ MkV d'tK ftu yV"s nkJh j?. fJ; d/ ;µGkfts ekoB yk; s"o *s/ x¤N fBt/P nB[gks d/

wZX gqd/P

nKXok gqd/P

gzikp

oki;EkB

T[so gqd/P

fpjko

gZSwh pzrkb

jfonkDk

T[Vh;k

ioBb e?N/roh oki(n";s)

uzvhrVQ

izw{ ns/ ePwho

r[iokss/bBrkBk

e/obkeoBkNek

wjKokPNok

skfwbBkv{

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

n";s

gqsh

ftn

Zesh

nkw

dB 0

00 o

[gJ/ ftZu

y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs y/soK dk oki dh ihHn?;HthHJ/H ftZu n";s fjZ;kA

e[nkvo?AN IV e[nkvo?AN III

e[nkvo?AN IIe[nkvo?AN I

211

fgS'eV j' ;ed/ jB, go fJ; pko/ tX/o/ ft;Eko Bkb y'i eoB dh Io{os j?. (pke; 4) ;µGkfts s"o s/ c;bh ftfGµBsk jh Gft¤y j?. ;koDh 3L y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs y/soK dh ftek; do ns/ fj¤;k (2012^13 s'A 2019^20 nr/s/) ftek; do (;fEo ehwsK s/) ihHn?;HthHJ/H ftZu fjZ;k(gqubs ehwsK s/ )

;kb 2012^13

s'A 2016^17 sZe dh n";s

2017^18 (gh)

2018^19 (s[ozs)

2019^20 (nr/s/)

;kb 2012^13

s'A 2016^17 sZe dh n";s

2017^18 (gh)

2018^19 (s[ozs)

2019^20 (nr/s/)

y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs y/so

1.7% 4.6% 2.3% 2.3% 29.2% 29.0% 28.7% 28.1%

y/shpkVh 0.5% 3.4% -0.3% -0.2% 17.8% 16.8% 16.3% 15.5%

gP{XzB 4.6% 7.2% 7.5% 6.9% 8.6% 9.8% 10.0% 10.4%

izrbks T[sgkdB

0.3% 3.7% 2.5% 2.1% 2.5% 2.2% 2.1% 2.0%

wZSh gkbD 6.4% 3.4% 0.3% 2.5% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3%

;kXBL noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB,gzikp. fu¤so 3L gµikp ftu M'B/ ns/ eDe dk oepk ns/ MkV

;kXBL noE ns/ nµeVk ;µrmB, gµikp

y/shpkVh ft¤u Gft¤y ft¤u tkXk th ;pµXs y/soK s'A nkT[D dh ;µGktBk j?^i' nkPkiBe Yµr Bkb y/shpkVh dh ihHn?;HthHJ/Hft¤u nkgDk fj¤;k tXk oj/ jB. oki dh ihHthHJ/H ft¤u gP{ XB T[g^;?eNo dk fj¤;k fgSb/ ;kbK d"okB fBoµso tfXnk j?, i' fe 2019^20 ft¤u10H4# s¤e gj[µu frnk j? ns/ fJ; T[g^;?eNo ftZu fgSb/ ;w/A ft¤u fBoµso T[¤u ftek; do j'Jh j?.fgSb/ 3 ;kbK d"okB, y/shpkVh ;?eNo d/ ;ko/ T[g^;?eNoK ftu'A gP{ gkbD T[g^;?eNo ftu ;G s'A fInkdk tkXk fojk j?. t¤y^t¤y e"wh

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

1950

-51

1960

-61

1970

-71

1980

-81

1990

-91

1995

-96

2000

-01

2005

-06

2006

-07

2007

-08

2008

-09

2009

-10

2010

-11

2011

-12

2012

-13

2013

-14

2014

-15

2015

-16

2016

-17

2017

-18

2018

-19

M'Bk

oepk000 j?eN/no MkV feb'$j?eN/no

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1960

-61

1970

-71

1980

-81

1990

-91

1995

-96

2000

-01

2005

-06

2006

-07

2007

-08

2008

-09

2009

-10

2010

-11

2011

-12

2012

-13

2013

-14

2014

-15

2015

-16

2016

-17

2017

-18

2018

-19

eDe

oepk000 j?eN/no MkV feb'$j?eN/no

gP{ XB y/so y/shpkVh d/ j'o ;?eNoK ft¤u nkJhnK ft¤u o[ektNK d/ w¤d/BIo gµikp ;w[¤uh nkofEe y[Pjkbh dk wj¤stg{oB tkndk eodk j?.

212

ns/ oki g¤Xoh gfjbedwhnK okjhA gP{ gkbD ftu ;oeko d/ :sB fJ; T[g^;?eNo d/ tkX/ ƒ gq's;kfjs eoB d/ oki dh fBPmk ƒ T[ikro eod/ jB.

pke; H4L gµikp ft¤u fBt/P ns/ tkXk fBt/P wµr tkb/ gk;/ s'A ihHvhHghH ftu dkyb j[µdk j?^fi; ;kb ftu fBt/P ehsk iKdk j?, ihvhgh fBt/P dh wµr dh ;hwk s¤e t¤X j[µdh j?H fJ; s'A fJbktk, wPhBoh, g{µih nkfd d/ o{g ftZu fBt/P th Gft¤yh ftek; bJh nkofEesk ƒ gqGkfts eodk j?. fJj fJe nfijk y/so j? fi¤E/ gµikp ftu ;[Xko dh r[µikfJP j?. ;kb 2017^18 ft¤u, ;w[¤u/ Gkos d/ g¤Xo s/ 29H5# d/ w[ekpb/ oki ft¤u e[¤b g{µih fBowkD (ihH;hHn?cH) 13H12# ;h. fJBQK nB[gksK ƒ ;?eNo^tko d/yDk f;fynkdkfJe j?(fuZso 4). j?okBh dh r¤b BjhA fe T[d:'r dh gqfeosh d/ nXko s/ T[d:'r d/ y/so ft¤u ihHn?;HthHJ/H nB[gks ftu T[¤usw ihH;hHn?cH j?. ;/tktK, T[d:'r d/ ;[Gkn nB[;ko ns/ ne;o r?o o;wh j'D ekoB fBt/P d/ nB[gks th x¤N j[µd/ jB.go, fJBQK d'tK ;?eNoK B/ 2011^12 ns/ 2017^18 d/ ftueko fBt/P nB[gks ft¤u ;[Xko doi ehsk j?. fu¤so 4L ihH;hHn?c dh ihH;hHthHJ/ Bkb nB[gks^ y/shpkVh,T[d:'r ns/ ;/tktK


T[d:'r y/so fgSb/ d' ;kbK d"okB w?B{c?eufozr T[g^;?eNo d[nkok gq/fos, T[d:'fre y/so dh ftek; do ft¤u fJ¤e gfotosB nkfJnk j?. ;kb 2019^20 d/ nr/s/ nB[wkBK s'A gsk brdk j? fe w?B{c?eufozr ;?eNo dh ftek; do ftu 1H8# dh froktN ekoB fJ; ;?eNo dh ftek; do x¤N e/ 4# ofjD dh T[whd j?. T[d:'r y/so ftu o[MkB e"wh g¤Xo *s/ ftek; dk nB[;oD eod/ jB. T[d:'fre ;?eNo dh ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H d/ tkX/ ftu w?B{c?eufozr dk Bk f;oc ;G s'A t¤X :'rdkB j?, ;r'A fJj f;yo d/ ;w[¤u/ T[g^;?eNoK ftu'A fJe j? ns/ y/shpkVh ;?eNo s'A pknd d{i/ Bµpo s/ j? (;koDh 4). y/shpkVh ;?eNo *s/ fXnkB e/Adfos eoB Bkb gµikp ftu c{v gq';?f;µr ns/ N?e;NkJhb tor/ ;jkfJe T[d:'rK dk ftek; j'fJnk j?. n¤i, oki t;so, T[¤Bh fBNt/no ns/ y/v ;w¤roh dk gqw[y T[sgkde j?. b[fXnkDk Pfjo T[¤so Gkos ftu ;G s'A t¤vk w?B{c?eufozr eb;No pD e/ T[¤Gfonk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk, bkJhN fJµihBhnfoµr (;kJheb ns/ nkN' gkoN; dk T[sgkdB)

28.7%

12.7%

31.1%

13.0%

T[d:'r ;/tktK

2011-12 2017-18

213

gµikp dk fJe wj¤stg{oB T[d:'r j?. oki ;oeko t¤b'A t¤y t¤y N?e;NkJhb gkoeK ns/ bkJhN fJµihBhnfoµr gkoeK B{z ;Ekgs eoB d/ :sBK ;dek oki ftu T[d:'rK d/ ftek; ƒ w[V ;[oihs eoB dh T[whd ehsh ik ojh j?. T[;koh dh ihHn?;HthHJ/H 2H4# w¤Xw ofjD dh T[whd j?,idfe fpibh dh ihHn?;HthHJ/H th w¤Xw ojh,go fj¤;k fInkdk fojk. ;kb 2019^20 ft¤u oki d/ ihHthHJ/H ft¤u fpibh ns/ j'o ;j{bsK dk fj¤;k 5# s¤e gj[µuD dh T[whd j?. gµikp ƒ th oDBhse s"o *s/ ;"o T{oik dh tos'A bJh o¤fynk frnk j?. oki ft¤u BftnkT[D:'r T{oik ;o'sK ftu tkX/ ƒ T[sPkjs eoB bJh t¤y t¤y gfjbedwhnK ehshnK rJhnK jB. ;koDh 4LT[d:'r y/so dh ftek; do ns/ fj¤;/dkoh (2012^13 s'A 2019^20) ftek; do (;fEo ehwsK s/) ihHn?;HthHJ/H ftZu fjZ;k(gqubs ehwsK s/ )

;kb 2012^13 s'A 2016^17 sZe dh n";s

2017^18 (gh)

2018^19 (s[ozs)

2019^20 (nr/s/)

;kb 2012^13

s'A 2016^17 sZe dh n";s

2017^18 (gh)

2018^19 (s[ozs)

2019^20 (nr/s/)

T[d:'r 4.9% 6.0% 5.8% 4.0% 24.6% 24.7% 25.1% 25.2%

w?B{c?eufozr 5.4% 5.9% 5.6% 1.8% 14.2% 13.7% 13.8% 13.5%

fpibh r?; ns/ gkDh gqpzX

10.1% 9.1% 7.0% 6.0% 3.5% 4.4% 4.7% 5.0%

T[;koh 1.5% 4.8% 5.6% 2.4% 6.9% 6.6% 6.5% 6.4%

;kXBL noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB,gzikp

;/tktK y/so e"wh o[MkBK d/ nB[e{b, ;/tktK y/so dk gµikp dh ihHthHJ/H ftu ;G s'A t¤vk fj¤;k gkT[Adk j? ns/ fJj ;G s'A s/Ih Bkb ftek; eoB tkbk y/so th j?. fJ; ;?eNo B/ oki dh ihHthHJ/H ftZu 46# s'A t¤X fBoµso :'rdkB gkfJnk j? ns/ 2012^13 ns/ 2016^17 ftub/ gµi ;kbK dh fwnkd ftu 7# s'A t¤X dk tkXk doi ehsk j?. ;kb 2017^18 ftu jbeh fijh froktN s'A pknd, 2018^19 ftu ;?eNo ftu T[Skb nkfJnk ns/ 7H1# j' frnk(;koDh 5). ;kb 2019^20 d/ nr/s/ nB[wkBK nB[;ko fJj ;?eNo 46# s'A t¤X dk fj¤;k gkT[Dk ikoh o¤y/rk ns/ 7# dh do Bkb ftek; eo/rk. fJj fXnkB ftu o¤yDk fdbu;g j? fe ft¤sh ;/tktK s'A fJbktk, ;/tktK y/so d/ ;ko/ T[g^;?eNo 2012^13 s'A (n";sB) 6# s'A t¤X dh do Bkb tX/ jB. ;kb 2019^20 fJ; ;?eNo tk;s/ wIp{s ftek; dk ;kb j'D dk nB[wkB j?, ;ko/ T[g^;?eNoK ftu (ft¤sh ;/tktK ƒ S¤v e/) 6# s'A t¤X dh ftek; do j?. Pbkxk:'r j? fe bkJhN fJµihBhnfoµr T[d:'rK, tgko ns/ w[oµws ;/tktK B/ ;kb do ;kb gµikp d/ ;/tktK ;?eNo dh ihn?;thJ/ ftZu brGr 11# :'rdkB gkfJnk j?. T[¤u ftek; do okjhA T[sPkfjs, ‘j'o ;/tktK* j[D fJ; fj¤;/ ƒ gko eo rJhnK jB. fgSb/ n¤m ;kbK ftu 9# dh fj¤;/dkoh ns/ fgSb/ ;w/A ftu fBoµso tX ojh ftek; do d/ Bkb ohnb n;N/N ihHn?;HthHJ/H ftZu fJe j'o wj¤stg{oB fjZ;k gk fojk j?.

214

gµikp ftu ;/tktK y/so ƒ T[sPkjs eoB dh tX/o/ ;wo¤Ek j?, \k;eo e/ ;?o^;gkN/ d/ y/so ftu. nµfwqs;o, Gkosh ns/ ftd/Ph ;?bkBhnK bJh fJ¤e gqf;¤X ;EkB j?. gµikp ft¤u nkT[D tkb/ e[¤b ;?bkBhnK dh 50# s'A th finkdk dh nkwd nµfwqs;o ft¤u j?. fJ; Pfjo ftu oki ftu ftok;s ns/ g/Av{ ;?o^;gkNk d'tK d/ ftek; dh r[µikfJP j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk, oki w?vheb ;?o^;gkN/ bJh fJe gqf;¤X wµfIb pD fojk j?H nkX[fBe seBkb'ihnK Bkb b?; t¤y^t¤y Bof;µr j'wI tkbk Pfjo ibµXo, T[u/u/ s"o s/ ra?o^gqtk;h GkoshnK bJh, fJe gqf;¤X w?vheb N{foIw dk fNekDk pD e/ T[¤Go fojk j?. ;koDh 5L ;/tktK y/so dh ftek; do ns/ fj¤;k (2012^13 s'A 2019^20) ftek; do (;fEo ehwsK s/) ihHn?;HthHJ/H ftZu fjZ;k(gqubs ehwsK s/ )

;kb 2012^13

s'A 2016^17 sZe dh n";s

2017^18 (gh)

2018^19 (s[ozs)

2019^20 (nr/s/)

;kb 2012^13

s'A 2016^17 sZe dh n";s

2017^18 (gh)

2018^19 (s[ozs)

2019^20 (nr/s/)

;/tktK 7.3% 6.8% 7.1% 7.0% 46.1% 46.2% 46.2% 46.7%

tgko,w[ozws ,j"Nb ns/ o?;N'o?AN

7.7% 7.1% 6.8% 7.2% 10.9% 10.7% 10.7% 10.8%

NoK;g'oN,;N'o/I,;zuko ns/ gq;koB ;pzXh ;/tktK

7.1% 5.4% 6.0% 6.4% 5.5% 5.2% 5.1% 5.1%

ftZsh ;//tktK 4.2% 5.2% 5.6% 5.1% 5.4% 5.0% 5.0% 5.0%

tk;sfte ;zgsh, xoK dh wbehns ns/ fpiB; ;/tktK

6.9% 7.1% 7.3% 7.6% 9.3% 9.2% 9.2% 9.2%

b'e gqPkPB 7.0% 7.0% 5.7% 6.2% 5.2% 5.1% 4.9% 4.9%

j'o ;/tktK 9.5% 7.9% 9.1% 8.0% 9.9% 11.0% 11.3% 11.7%

;kXBL noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB,gzikp 1H3 nkofEe ftek; ns/ ftneshrs GbkJh n?;HvhHihH ;{ue 8H1H1 gqsh ftnesh n;b ihHvhHghH dh ;bkBk ftek; do ;kb 2019^20 ftu gµikp ft¤u n";sB gqsh ftnesh ihHn?;HvhHghH (w"i{dk ehwsK s/) 1,85,282 o[gJ/ j'D dk nB[wkB j? i' fe 7H63 gqshPs dh ftek; do do;kT[Adh j?.fJ; Bkb ;kb 2019^20 ftZu gqsh wjhBk n";sB ihHn?;HvhHghH 15440 o[gJ/ j?. gqsh ftnesh nkwdB d/ wkwb/ ft¤u (i' fe n?BHn?;HvhHghH ns/ nkpkdh dk nB[gks j?),;kb 2019^20 ftu gqsh ftnesh nkwdB 1,66,830 o[gJ/ j'D dh T[whd j?, i' ;w[¤u/ Gkos g¤Xo *s/ gqsh ftnesh nkwdB dh 1H24 r[Dk j?.

gqsh ftnesh nkwdB ft¤u nµso^okih o[MkB

;w[¤u/ Gkos d/ g¤Xo *s/ 1,35,050 o[gJ/ d/ w[ekpb/ ;kb 2019^20 ftu gµikp fJe T[¤u nkwdBh tkbk ;{pk j?, fi; dh gqsh ftnesh nkwdB 1,66,830 o[gJ/ j?.

215

;kb 2013^14 s'A o{gBro, n?;HJ/Hn?;HBro ns/ b[fXnkDk gqsh ftnesh nkwdBh d/ wkwb/ ft¤u gqw[¤y fIbQ/ jB. ;kb 2016^17 s¤e, o{gBro B/ 169,725 o[gJ/, n?;HJ/Hn?;H Bro B/ 154,310 o[gJ/ ns/ b[fXnkDk B/ 152,332 o[gJ/ dh gqsh ftnesh nkwdB doi ehsh. fdbu;g r¤b fJj j? fe o{gBro fJe y/shpkVh fIbQk j? fi; d/ e[¤b fIbQk w[¤b i'V (ihHvhHthHJ/H) dk 30# y/shpkVh ;?eNo s'A nkT[Adk j?.go, n?;HJ/Hn?;H Bro ns/ b[fXnkDk w?B{c?eufozr d[nkok ;µukfbs jB, t¤b'A ;kb 2016^17 ftu ;pµXs ihHvhHthHJ/H ftu eqwtko 29# ns/ 27# dk :'rdkB gkfJnk frnk. d{i/ gk;/, r[odk;g[o ns/ soB skoB fIbQ/ oki ftu ;G s'A x¤N gqsh ftnesh nkwdBh dh fog'oN eod/ jB. nkofEe rshftXhnK *s/ gkpµdhnK ns/ ;hwk sDkn B/ fJBQK fIfbQnK d/ ftek; ƒ ;hws eo fd¤sk j?.

pke; 5 nkofEe rshftXhnK dk ihnkJhn?; d[nkok fiabQk^tko ft;ab/;aD

fuZso 5 ftZu jo fiabQ/ dh gqsh ftnZesh nkwdB 2016^17 ftu T[u gqsh ftnZesh nkwdB Bkb do;kJh rJh j?. o{g Bro fiabQ/ dh gqsh ftnZesh nkwdB ;G s'A fiankdk j?. ;G s'A xZN fiabQk r[odk;g[o dh gqsh ftnZesh nkwdB o{g Bro dh 2016^17 dh gqsh ftnZesh nkwdB dk 52 gqsh;as j?. fu¤so 5L T[Zu fibk nkwdB s'A ;kb 2016^17 fibktko gqsh ftnesh nkwdB (gqsh ftnesh nkwdB gqubs ehwsK s/)


gqsh ftnZesh nkwdB ns/ fiabQ/ ftu r?o y/shpkVh y/so d/ e[Zb w{b tkX/ d/ fjZ;/ ftu pj[s wiap{s ;pzX BjhA ikgd/. fJjBK d'tK t/ohJ/pbia dk nkg; ftu ;pzX 0H49 (0H5 s'A xZN) j?. fJj gzikp ftZu y[;ajkb y/shpkVh ;?eNo ekoB j' ;edk j?. BkJhN bkJhN; v?Nk p/; s'A Bhshrs nzsoK B{z ;wMD dh e'f;a;a ehsh rJh j?. fJE'A ikgdk j? fe T[Zu BkJhN bkJhN shposk ns/ nkofEe rshftXhnK dk nkg; ftu wip{s ;pzX j?, j/mK fdZs/ fuZso ftu ihvhvhgh ns/ BkJhN bkJhN dh fiabQk tko w?fgzr ehsh rJh j?. vkoe ;a/v T[Zu ihvhgh ns/ fuZN/ g?u oks dh o';aBh dh shposk dh jZd B{z do;kT[Ad/ jB. fJj d/fynk ik ;edk j? fe T[Zu ihvhvhgh d/ Bkb nzfwqs;o,ibzXo,b[fXnkDk dh j'o fiafbQnK d/ w[ekpb/ oks dh o';aBh dh shposk th T[Zuh j?. fiafbQnK ftZu ihHvhHvhHghH ns/ oks dh o';aBh dh shposk d/ ftueko ;zpzX ;kb 2012^13 ftZu 0H82 ns/ ;kb 2016^17 ftZu 0H86 j?. fJj BkJhN bkJhN shposk ns ihHvhHvhHghH ftZu wip{s ;ekokswe ;pzX j?. fJj s[bBk ;kb 2012^13 ns/ 2016^17 fi; dk vkNk T[gbpZX j? ehsh rJh j?.e[ZM fdbu;g fJB;kJhN j/m nB[;koL^

1.00 0.91 0.90 0.87 0.86 0.84 0.84 0.83 0.82 0.82 0.790.75 0.74

0.68 0.67 0.67 0.66 0.66 0.64 0.610.55 0.52

216

1H nzfws;o, ibzXo,;zro{o,gfNnkbk ns/ j[f;ankog[o T[u nkwdB tkb/ fiafbQnK B/ gqubs ehwsK s/ ihvhvhgh ftZu 44H2 gqsh;as dh do Bkb tkXk doi ehsk id fe j'o fiafbQnK ftu 43H6 gqsh;as tkXk doi ehsk frnk. fJ; gZXo d/ nzso B{z fXnkB ftu oZyd/ j'J/ fJ; B{z T[u ftek; do wzfBnk ik ;edk j?. oks dh o';aBh dh shposk fiafbQnK ftu (xZN jbeh shposk tkb/ fiafbQnK tk;s/ 24H6 gqsh;as d/ w[ekpb/ 26H5 gqsh;as) tXh j?. fijBK ftu gfjbK jh T[u oks dh o';aBh dh shposk iK T[u ihvhvhgh y/so ;B. (i' nkfJskeko ftu do;kJ/ rJ/ jB) go oks dh o';aBh dh shposk ftZu fJj tkXk T[jBK fiafbQnK (nkfJskeko y/soK) d/ nzdo ftek; e/AdoK d/ pkjo nkofEe rshftXhnK d/ ft;Eko eoe/ j?. jkbK fe ;w[Zu/ s"o s/ fJjBK fiafbQnK ftu oks dh o';aBh dh shposk 26H5 gqsh;as dh n";s do Bkb tXh, go fJjBK fiafbQnK d/ ftek; e/AdoK ftu oks dh o';aBh dh shposk dk tkXk e/tb 6H9gqsh;as ;h fJj ;zGt s"o s/ nkofEe bkGK d/ G{r'fbe g;ko tZb fJ;akok eodk j?. 2H BkJhN bkJhN dh shposk dh ;whfynk fifbnK s'A gko T[jBK y/soK tZb fJ;akok eodh j? i' GftZy ftZu ;zGkfts ftek; d/ ukbe j' ;ed/ jB(fJj ;kb 2016^17 bJh BeP/ ftZu do;kJ/ rJ/ jB). fJjBK y/soK (x/o/ ftZu) dh BkJhN bkJhN shposk 14H3 gqsh;as j?,Idhe T[Zu bkJhN shposk tkb/ y/soK ftZu e/tb 6H9# j?.fJjBK fjZf;nK d/ v{zZx/ ft;ab/;aD Bkb ;aeshnK ns/ o[ektNK Gfty ftu ftek; bJh oki dh G{fwek Bz{ ;/X d/ ;edhnK jB. B'N L^ jkbK fe BkJhN bkJhN dk nkofEe rshftXhnK Bkb T[u ;ekokswe ;pzX j?. T[E/ rbshnK j' ;edhnK jB i' nkofEe rshftXh B{z S[gk ;edhnK jB. fJ; ftu gokbh ;kVB tor/ eJh ekoe ;akwb j' ;ed/ jB i' BkJhN bkJhN ftu e?d j' ;ed/ jB go T[Zu nkofEe rshftXhnK B{z gqdo;as BjhA eod/.

n;wkBsk

2012-13 2016-17

217

fJ; r¤b d/ e[M ;µe/s jB fe nµso^fB¤ih ;wkBsk d/ ;pµX ftu gµikp dh ekor[Ikoh tXhnk j?. B?PBb c?fwbh j?bE ;ot/ (n?¤BHn?¤cHn?¤uHn?¤;H) ;µgsh dh n;wkBsk pko/ nµeV/ gqdkB eodk j?, fit/A fe T[gG'rsk t;sK dh wkbehns ns/ ;j{bsK s¤e gj[µu d[nkok wkfgnk iKdk j?. u'Dt/A okiK s/ j'J/ n?BHn?cHn?uHn?;H 2015^16 (;koDh 6) d/ nB[;ko ;G s'A t¤X ;µgsh tkb/ e"wh g¤Xo d/ gµi ;w{jK ft¤u gµikp dh nkpkdh dk nB[gks ;G s'A t¤X j?. ;koDh 6L gµi nwho ;w{jK d/ nXko s/ nkpkdh dh tµv gqshPs

oki dk BK t?bE e[nkBNkfJb

;G s'A S'Nk d{;ok ftubk u"Ek ;G s'A tZvk gzikp 0.6 3.7 11.8 21.9 62

nKXok gqd/P 4.6 15.3 32.5 29.9 17.7

r[ioks 8.7 16.8 21.1 24.1 29.4

jfonkDk 1.7 7.3 17.4 26.5 47.1

eoBkNek 6.3 19.9 26.7 26.7 20.5

e/obk 0.3 2.2 13.3 35.8 48.5

wjKokPNok 9.2 16 22.5 26.4 25.9

skfwbBkv{ 3.5 14.7 27.5 31.6 22.7

s/b/rkBk 6.3 17.2 25.9 27.4 23.2

;kXBL n?BHn?cHn?uHn?;H 2015^16 d/ nB[;ko(xoK ƒ fJ¤e N?bhthIB s'A b? e/ ;kJheb iK eko s¤e d/ ygsekoK d/ ;wkB ns/ T[BQK dhnK fe;wK d/ nXko s/ nµe fd¤s/ rJ/ jB, ns/ ofjD dhnK ftP/PsktK fit/A ghD tkb/ gkDh dk ;o's, NkfJbN ;j{bsK ns/ coP ;w¤roh) fJj nµe gqw[¤y fj¤;/ d/ ftPb/PD dh tos'A Bkb fsnko ehs/ rJ/ jB. B?PBb t?bE e[fJµNb; ƒ jo/e ;XkoD (ekƒBh s"o s/) gfotkoe w?Apo ƒ gfotkoe nµe fBoXkos eoe/ ;wk:'fis ehsk iKdk j?, jo/e ftnesh ƒ nkgD/ nµe d[nkok gfotkoe nkpkdh ftu doik fdµd/ jB, ns/ fco jo/e dh nkpkdh d/ 20 gqshPs d/ Bkb tµv ƒ gµi pokpo Pq/DhnK ftu tµvd/ jB)

1H4 wfjzrkJh wfjzrkJh fe;/ th noE ftt;Ek ft¤u ftneshnK dh n;b nkwdBh ƒ gqGkts eod/ j'J/ wj¤stg{oD G{fwek ndk eodh j?. jkbKfe wfjzrkJh ƒ ekp{ eoBk w[¤y s"o s/ e/Ado ;oeko dk eµw j?, go b'eK dh n;b nkwdBh* s/ fJ; d/ gqGkt ƒ t/yd/ j'J/, wfjzrkJh dk w[¤dk oki g¤Xo s/ th fJe Io{oh w[¤dk j?. wfjzrkJh d/ o[MkB fgSb/ e[M ;kbK s'A oki ft¤u wfjzrkJh dk o[MkB nB[e{b fojk j? i' nkophnkJh d/ Nhu/ dh o/Ai 2# s'A 6# d/ ft¤u tZXdk xZNdk fojk j?. Gkt/A wfjzrkJh d/ skIk nµeV/ fgSb/ o[MkBK s'A fJ¤e tyo/tKgD do;kT[Ad/ jB (fu¤so 6). ;w[¤u/ Gkos d/ gfog/y dh Beb eofdnK gµikp ftu wfjzrkJh do tX ojh j?. nr;s 2019 s'A pknd, wfjzrkJh do ftu oki ns/ okPNoh g¤Xo *s/ s/Ih Bkb tkXk j'fJnk j?, \k;^s"o s/ nkyoh fswkjh (nes{po s'A d;µpo 2019) ft¤u, id'A d;µpo 2019 ft¤u nkophnkJh d/ 6# Nhu/ B{z gko ehsk ;h, fJj ;G e[ZM tZv/ gZXo s/ ykd gdkoEk dh wfjzrkJh ekoD j'fJnk. fJj fXnkB ftu o¤fynk ikDk ukjhdk j? fe, gqubs wkBsk d/ T[bN, wfjzrkJh d/ jbe/ g¤XoK ƒ ygs ns/ fJ; gqeko T[sgkdB ƒ T[sPkjs eoB ƒ nkofEesk bJh tXhnk wµfBnk iKdk j?.

fu¤so 6L gµikp ns/ Gkos ft¤u wfjzrkJh (iBob T[gG'rsk Gkn ;{ue nze)

218

;kXBL ;zfyneh ns/ gq'rokw bkr{ eoB wzsokbk, Gkos ;oeko

y[oke ns/ r?o^y[oke wfjzrkJh

fgSb/ wjhfBnK ft¤u nBki dhnK t¤X ojhnK ehwsK e"wh ;[oyhnK pDhnK jB. fit/A fe d/fynk frnk j?, gµikp ns/ Gkos ft¤u, ;kb 2018^19 ftZu y[okeh wfjzrkJh dh do ft¤u froktN nkJh j?. jkbKfe, wfjzrkJh dhnK s/I doK d/ Bkb, ;kb 2019^20 ft¤u gfog/y T[bNk j'fJnk j? (fuZso 7). d;µpo, 2019 ftu gµikp ftu y[okeh wfjzrkJh do 13H2# s¤e gj[µu rJh. y[oke wfjzrkJh ƒ fJ; d/ brGr ;ko/ T[g^GkrK t¤b'A ;µukfbs ehsk frnk j?. p/Pe ;pIhnK dh ehws wfjzrkJh dk ;G s'A gqw[¤y g?wkBk fojk j?, fi; dhnK ehwsK fgSb/ ;kb d/ fJ;/ ;w/A d/ w[ekpb/ d;µpo 2019 ftu 68# t¤X ;h. ngq?b s'A d;zpo, 2019 sZe nBki dhnK ehwsK ftu th fBoµso tkXk j'fJnk j?, fi; dk y[okeh wfjzrkJh d/ Gkr ftZu ;G s'A tZX fjZ;k j?. d[¤X ns/ T[sgkdK, cbK ns/ dkbK ns/ T[sgkdK ftu fJ;/ soQK dh T[¤u wfjzrkJh th d/yh rJh j?. ;kb 2019^20 ftu whN ns/ w¤Sh dhnK ehwsK ftu p/sjkPk tkXk j'fJnk j?, Gkt/A fgSb/ d' wjhfBnK (Btµpo^d;µpo) ftu fJj e[M xfNnk j?.

4.4%3.7% 3.8%

3.5% 3.6%3.0% 2.8%

3.8% 4.0%

5.2%

5.1%

7.0%

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

7.0%

8.0%

fgSb/ e[M ;kbK s'A wfjzrkJh tkbk tksktoD

gzikp Gkos

219

fu¤so 7L gµikp ftu y[oke ns/ ghD tkb/ gdkoEK ftu Gkos d/ w[ekpb/ wfjzrkJh do


r?o^y[okeh wfjzrkJh d/ ;µdoG ft¤u, f;js ns/ gkB, sµpke{ nkfd ƒ S¤v e/ r?o^y[okeh wfjzrkJh d/ j'o ;ko/ GkrK ftZu xkNk j'fJnk j? (fu¤so 8). T[dkjoD d/ bJh, ‘pkbD ns/ o"PBh* ns/ ‘NqK;g'oN* Gkr ft¤u froktN nkJh j?. f;¤fynk y/so ftZu wfjzrkJh th xN rJh j?, fi; ft¤u seohpB 7 gqshPs g[nkfJµNK dhnK ehwsK xNhnK jB. fuµskiBe o[MkB f;js (10H1#) ns/ xo/b{ t;sK ns/ ;/tktK (5H6#) ftZu T[¤u wfjzrkJh do j?, i' fe fJe r[Dt¤sk :[es ihtB pshs eoB bJh Io{oh t;sK jB.

fu¤so 8L gµikp ftu t¤y^t¤y r?o^y[okeh t;sK ftu wfjzrkJh


0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

14.0%

2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 ngq?b19

wJh 19 i{B 19 i[bkJh 19 nr;s 19 f;szpo19

nes{po19

Btzpo 19d;zpo 19

y[okeh wfjzrkJh ftZu s/ih Bkb tkXk

gzikp Gkos

-2%

2%

6%

10%

14%

fpib

h n

s/ p

kbD

No

K;g

'oN

ns/

;zu

ko

i[Zs

/

eZgV

wzB

'ozi

B

wek

B

f;Zf

ynk

fBZi

h d

/yG

kb

xo/b

{ t;

s{n

K n

s/ ;/

tktK

f;js

gkB

, szp

ke{

nkf

d

2018-19 (d;zpo sZe) 2019-20 (d;zpo sZe)

r?o y[okeh gdkoEK dh wfjzrkJh ftZu froktN

220

wfjzrkJh d/ o[MkBK ft¤u ;EkBe fGzBsk

fu¤so 9L gµikp ns/ Gkos ftu fdjksh^Pfjoh wfjzrkJh dk nµso


gµikp d/ g/Av{ y/so ftZu wfjzrkJh Pfjoh y/so dh wfjzrkJh s'A t¤X j?, Gkt/A go fJj coe xNdk ik fojk j?. fgSb/ ft¤sh ;kb s'A, Pfjoh y/so dh wfjzrkJh B/ g/Av{ y/so dh wfjµrkJh ƒ gSkVfdnK e"wh g¤Xo*s/, o[MkB ftu gbNthA spdhbh t/yh rJh j? (fu¤so 9). gµikp ftu 2018^19 ns/ 2019^20 (d;µpo 2019 se) ftu fJe ;ekokswe g/Av{^Pfjoh nµso j?. nfijk fdjksh gµikp ft¤u r?o^y[okeh wfjzrkJh d/ ekoB j? i' t¤y t¤y T[sgkdK ft¤u Pfjoh gµikp ft¤u, r?o^y[okeh wfjzrkJh s'A t¤X j?. fJj nµso gkB, sµpke{ ns/ j'o BPhb/ gdkoEK dh Pq/Dh ft¤u ;G s'A wj¤stg{oB j?, fi¤E/ d;µpo 2019 s¤e g/Av{ wfjzrkJh dh n";s 18H1# j?. fJ; d/ w[ekpb/, fJ;/ Pq/Dh ftu Pfjoh wfjzrkJh 3H4# ;h. fJ;/ soQK Pfjoh y/soK d/ w[ekpb/ g/Av{ y/soK ft¤u f;js, wB'oµiB ns/ xo/b{ ;wkB ns/ ;/tktK dh wfjzrkJh do tX/o/ j?. fJj fXnkB fd¤sk ikDk ukjhdk j? fe gµikp ftu, e"wh o[MkBK d/ T[bN, Pfjoh y/so ftZu y[okeh wfjzrkJh ngq?b 2019 s'A g/Av{ y/so dh y[okeh wfjzrkJh ƒ gko eo rJh j?. nfijk ek|h j¤d s¤e g/Av{ ns/ Pfjoh y/soK ftZu ;pIhnK, dkbK, uhBh ns/ eB|?ePBoh, nµv/, d[¤X T[sgkdK, s/b ns/ uoph dhnK ehwsK ftu wfjzrkJh d/ ftnkge nµso d/ ekoB j?.

wfjzrkJh d/ ;µukbe ;kb 2018^19 ns/ 2019^20 dhnK gfjbhnK fszB fswkjhnK d"okB g/Av{ ns/ Pfjoh gµikp ftu y[oke ns/ ghD tkbhnK t;sK ns/ c[Neb t;s{nK ftu wfjzrkJh dk ;G s'A t¤vk :'rdkB j?. jkbKfe fgSb/ ;kbK d"okB gµikp ft¤u r?o^y[okeh wfjzrkJh d/ w[ekpb/ y[okeh wfjzrkJh s[bBkswe o{g Bkb x¤N ojh j?, jkb jh ft¤u y[okeh wfjzrkJh ft¤u t¤X oj/ o[MkB ns/ y[okeh t;sK Bkb i[V/ T[¤u Gko B/ fJ; ƒ oki ftubh wfjzrkJh ft¤u fJ¤e t¤vk :'rdkB pDkfJnk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk, fBih d/yGkb d/ ;kwkB, xo/b{ t;sK ns/ ;/tktK ns/ \k;s"o s/ f;js ;µGkb torhnK c[Neb t;s{nK ekoB gµikp ftu c[Neb wkb B/ th wfjzrkJh T[¤s/ ek|h n;o gkfJnk j?.

-2.0%

-1.5%

-1.0%

-0.5%

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 (d;zpo sZe)

Gkos gzikp

221

tZX ojh y[okeh wfjµrkJh B/ g/Av{ ns/ Pfjoh y/soK ft¤u wfjzrkJh ft¤u :'rdkB gkT[D tkfbnK ft¤u n;wkBsktK th d{o eo fd¤shnK jB (fu¤so 10). g/Av{ ns/ Pfjoh gµikp d'tK ftu, y[okeh wfjzrkJh ;w[¤uh wfjzrkJh ftu n¤X/ s'A t¤X dk :'rdkB gkT[Adh j?. id'A fe g/Av{ gµikp ftu, fJ; s'A Gkt j? fe y[okeh wfjzrkJh dk fj¤;k d[¤rD/ s'A th t¤X j' frnk j?, Pfjoh y/soK ftu y[okeh wfjzrkJh dk :'rdkB 2018^19 d/ w[ekpb/ 15 r[Dk t¤X frnk j?. ;kb 2019^20 dhnK gfjbhnK fsµB fswkjhnK d"okB c[Neb T[sgkd wfjzrkJh ftu d{i/ ;G s'A t¤X :'rdkB gkT[D tkb/ T[sgkd jB Gkt g/Av{ y/soK ft¤u 40# ns/ Pfjoh y/soK ft¤u 25#. fdbu;g r¤b fJj j? fe 2019^20 ftu fJ;/ ntXh d/ d"okB 2018^19 ftu 4# (d;µpo se) s'A 9# d/ tkX/ Bkb gkB, sµpke{ ns/ BPhb/ gdkoEK dk g/Av{ wfjzrkJh ftu fJe wj¤stg{oB :'rdkB j?.fJBQK s'A fJbktk, gµikp d/ Pfjoh y/soK ft¤u wfjzrkJh ftu jkT{f;µr T[sgkd dk th fJ¤e wj¤stg{oD :'rdkB fojk j?.

fuZso 10L g/Av{ ns/ Pfjoh gzikp ftu wfjzrkJh d/ ;zukbe

;kXBL ;zfyneh ns/ gq'rokw bkr{ eoB wzsokbk, Gkos ;oeko gµikp ftu iBse tµv gqDkbh d;µpo, 2013 s'A gµikp okPNoh y[oke ;[o¤fynk n?eN, 2013 ƒ bkr{ eoB tkb/ d/P d/ gqw[¤y okiK ft¤u'A fJ¤e j?. ;kb 2017^18 ftu oki ;oeko d[nkok ubkJh ik ojh nkNk dkb ;ehw ƒ T[go'es n?eN d/ dkfJo/ ft¤u fbnKdk frnk ;h ns/ fJ; dk Bkw pdb e/ ;wkoN okPB ekov ;ehw o¤fynk frnk ;h. T[go'es ;ehw bJh oki ;oeko b'VhAdh eDe dh yohd fte/Adohfeqs yohd ;ehw d/ sfjs eodh j? ns/ fJ;/ dk GµvkoB 423 ;wofgs vh;hgh r'dkwK ftu ehsk iKdk j? ns/ fJ; ƒ Gkos ;oeko dh wBI{oh Bkb d'^;kbk tµv wkvb sfjs ;kb ftu d' tko 17186 ;jh ehws tkbhnK d[ekBK (|/no gqkJh; Pk¤g;) okjhA 2 o[gJ/ gqsh feb' d/ fj;kp Bkb 30 feb' ;hbpµd p?rK ftu bkGgksohnK ftu ftsfos ehsk iKdk j?. soihj tkb/ gfotkoK dh Pq/Dh d/ bkGgksohnK ƒ jo wjhB/ 5 fe¤b' eDe fwbdh j? id'Afe nµBk nµBs'fdnk :'iBk tor d/ gfotkoK ƒ 35 feb' eDe gqsh wjhBk fwbdh j?. oki ;oeko B/ 141H45 b¤y bkGgksohnK ƒ ;kbkBk 8H70 b¤y whNoe NB eDe tµvDh j[µdh j?.

g/Av{

ykX gdkoE, g/:ibgdkoEgkB, szpke{ ns/B;ahbhnK t;s{nKfpibh ns/ pkbD

eZgV/ ns/ i[Zs/

;kb 2019^20 (d;zpo sZe)

;kb 2018^19

ôfjoh

ykX gdkoE, g/:ibgdkoEgkB, szpke{ ns/B;ahbhnK t;s{nKfpibh ns/ pkbD

eZgV/ ns/ i[Zs/

c[Neb

wekB

;kb 2019^20 (d;zposZe)

;kb 2018^19

222

fJ; ;w/A ;pf;vh tkbh eDe 36H21 b¤y bkGgksoh gfotkoK (brGr 139H95 b¤y bkGgksohnK) ƒ tµvh ik ojh j?. bkGgksohnK d/ t/ot/ y[oke, f;tb ;gbkJh ns/ ygseko wkwb/ ftGkr, gµikp d/ gkodoPsk g'oNb *s/ T[gbpZX jB (http://www.foodsuppd.gov.in). 99H27# okPB ekovK ƒ nkXko Bµpo Bkb ;hv ehsk frnk j?. ;pf;vh tkbk okPB ;oekoh ekoieosktK, gµukfJs w?ApoK$ e"A;boK ns/ ;EkBe ftihb?A; ew/NhnK d/ w?ApoK dh jkIoh ft¤u tµfvnk iKdk j?. bkGgksohnK dhnK fPekfJsK d/ fBgNko/ bJh fsµB g¤Xoh fPekfJs fBtkoD ftXh^nµdo{Bh, pkjoh ns/ oki y[oke efwPB okjhA ^ dh ;EkgBk ehsh rJh j?. tXhe fvgNh efwPBo g¤Xo d/ nfXekohnK ƒ fIbQk fPekfJs fBtkoD nfXekoh fB:[es ehsk frnk j?. oki ;oeko B/ ;N/N n?¤g?e; ew/Nh ns/ ;N/N gqki?eN Jh^fwPB Nhw (n?;HghHJhHn?wHNh) dk rmB th ehsk j?. n?BHn?cHn?;HJ/H nXhB nBki dh tµv ftu gkodoPsk ns/ e[Pbsk ƒ :ehBh pDkT[D bJh, NhHghHvhHn?;H dk ;µg{oB eµfgT{NoheoB, n?cHghHn?;H dk ;t?ukbB ns/ ;gbkJh u/B w?B/iw?AN d/ eµw ehs/ ik oj/ jB. ;kb 2018^19 ft¤u ;wkoN okPB ekov ;ehw sfjs :'r bkGgksohnK ƒ Jh^g'; wPhB okjhA eDe tµvh rJh. ftGkr B/ fJ; ekoi bJh 1515 Jh^g'; wPhBK yohdhnK jB. oki ;oeko B/ ;wkoN okPB ekov ;ehw sfjs bkGgksohnK dh w[V s;dhe dk c?;bk fbnk j?, sK i' e/tb :'r bkGgksoh jh ;ehw dk bkG T[mk ;eD. ;koDh 7L ;kb 2014^15 s'A 2019^2020 sZe T[fus ehwsK dhnK d[ekBK okjhA io{oh t;s{nK dh tzv d/ t/ot/

t;s{nK 2014^15 2015^16 2016^17 2017^18 2018^19 2019^20 ;wkoN ok;aB ekov ;ehw eDe (whHNB) 573440

(i{B 2014^ wkou 2015)

648512 731484 848521 a47 746517 a85 427172H005 (10H2H2020 sZe)

dkb (wh aNB) 18754 9039 8650 ^ ^ ^ ;kXBL y[oke, f;tb ;gbkJh ns/ ygseko wkwb/ ftGkr, gµikp ;oeko.

1H5 nkpkdh ns/ o[Irko fJ; Gkr ftu, gfjbk n;hA gzikp ftu nkpkdh d/ ;zpzX ftu e[M w[ZfdnK s/ ftuko^tNkAdok eod/ jK, fijBkA dk feos ;aesh ns/ o[irko Bkb ;pzX j?. fJjBkA ftu iB;zfynK spdhbh, fbzr nB[gks ns/ gqtk; o[MkB ;akwb jB. fco n;hA o[irko ;zpzXh w[ZfdnK pko/ rZb eoKr/. iB;µfyne bkG gµikp ftu iBw do ns/ iDB do ftu froktN d/ fgS'eV ftZu npkdh ftek; do j"bh j' rJh j?. ;w/A d/ Bkb^Bkb iBw do x¤N j'D Bkb gµikp ftu Bk f;o| nkpkdh ftek; doK ftu th froktN nkJh j?, fJj froktN ;ko/ Gkos d/ g¤Xo Bkb'A oki bJh fiankdk s/I ojh j?. ;kb 2001 s'A 2011 d/ no;/ d"okB gµikp ft¤u ;kbkBk npkdh tkXk do ;op Gkosh g¤Xo d/ 1H8# d/ w[ekpb/ 1H4# ;h. (fu¤so 11) iDB do ftu th fJ;/ ;w/A d"okB froktN nkJh j?. Gkos ns/

http://www.foodsuppd.gov.in/

223

gµikp d'tK dh 1971 ft¤u iDB do 5H2 ;h. ;kb 2017 s¤e, fJj do Gkos bJh 2H2 ns/ gµikp bJh 1H6 j?, fJj gqsh;EkgB g¤Xo dh iDB do 2H1# s'A j/mK nk ojh j?. T[;/ ;w/A d"okB, w"s doK ft¤u th froktN nkJh j?. Gkt/A fe, 2011 ns/ 2017 d/ ft¤u wkw{bh tkXk doi ehsk frnk j?. fu¤so 11L gµikp ns/ Gkos ftu djkektko npkdh ftek; do

;kXBL nkoHphHnkJh dh oki nzeVk j?Avp[Ze

fJjBK o[MkBK B/ eµwekih T[wo tor, noEks, 15 s'A 64 ;kb dh T[wo dh nkpkdh ftu fBoµso tkX/ d/ Bkb gµikp ftu iB;µfynk spdhbh ftu :'rdkB gkfJnk j?. fJj fu¤so 12 ftu d/fynk ik ;edk j?,fi¤E/ 1991 s'A b? e/ 2017 s¤e, T[wo^fbµr fgokfwvK d/ ;w{j ftu T[Gko Iho' s'A b? e/ 14 ;kb d/ bJh 10 s'A 24 g[oPK bJh ns/ 15 s'A 29 fJ;sohnK bJh u¤bdk j?. fJj fXnkB fd¤sk ikDk ukjhdk j? fe fJ;sohnK bJh iB;µfynk ;pµXh spdhbh wodK d/ w[ekpb/ w[ekpbsB s/I j??. ;koDh 8 fJj T[ikro eodh j? fe gµikp ftu ekoiPhb T[wo dh nkpkdh (15 s'A 64 ;kb) d/ 60H1# s'A tX e/ 2017 ftu nkpkdh dk 71H8# j' rJh j?. fJ;/ ;w/A, t¤v/ T[wo tor ftu nkpkdh dh gqshPssk (Gkt, 65 ;kb s'A T[go dh T[wo) th t¤X ojh j?. ;koDh 8L t¤y t¤y T[wo torK ft¤u gµikp dh npkdh dh tµv

22%

22% 24%21% 20%

14%

22%

25% 25% 24%22%

18%

gzikp ns/ Gkos dh djkek iB;zfynk ftek; do

gzikp Gkos

T[wo(;kb) 1991 2011 2017

ezwekih T[wo 15 s'A 64 60.10% 67.70% 71.80%

B"itkB 15 s'A 29 28.30% 29.10% 30.40%

nrb/ djke/ ftZu ezw eoB tkbh T[wo d/ edw

5 s'A 14 23.30% 17.90% 14.80%

pi[or nt;Ek 65 s'A tZX 5.00% 6.70% 7.10%

;kXBL Gkos dh iBrDBk, 1991 ns/ 2011; ;?Agb ofi;Nq/;aB ;ot/ 2017

224

fuZso 12L Gkos dh iBrDBk, 1991 ns/ 2011; ;?Agb ofi;Nq/;aB ;ot/ 2017

fJj iB;µfynk spdhbh d' fuµsktK ƒ iBw fdµdk j?. gfjbk, ekoiPhb T[wo dh t¤vh nkpkdh dh w"i{drh nkgD/ nkg nkofEe bkG ft¤u spdhb BjhA j[µdh. fJ; dh pikJ/, B"itkBK dhnK fJ¤SktK Bkb w/b yKdk j[Bo ns/ o[Irko d/ w"e/ gqdkB ehs/ ikD dh Io{os j? sK i' nkpkdh dk tkXk iB;µfynk d/ bkGnµP ft¤u spdhb j' ikDk :ehBh pDkfJnk ik ;e/. d{ik, pI[or T[wo torK ft¤u tX/o/ nkpkdh d/ Bkb, gµikp ƒ p¤funK ns/ ngkjiK dh GbkJh bJh ehs/ ik oj/ T[gokfbnK s'A fJbktk, t¤X ojh fBoGo nkpkdh dhnK Io{osK dh g{osh bJh f;js ;µGkb ns/ ;wkfie ;[o¤fynk gfjbedfwnK ft¤u fBt/P eoBk gt/rk. ;hws ft¤sh r[µikfJP d/ w¤d/BIo fJj d't/A g¤y wj¤stg{oB jB. fit/A fe nfXnkfJ 7 L gpfbe ft¤s, gµikp ft¤u wj¤stg{oD gqshp¤X yofunK s/ uouk ehsh rJh j? fi; d/ wZd/Bio fJBQK gfjbedfwnK bJh u/szB gj[zu tosD dh Io{os j?.

fbµr nB[gks

fJ¤e nkJhHn?wHn?cH ;Nkc d/ nfXn?B ftu gsk u¤fbnk j? fe feos Pesh ft¤u n"osK dh Gkrhdkoh d/ d' ekoBK eoe/ wj¤stg{oB nkofEe bkG j[zdk j?. gfjbk, eµw tkbh EK *s/ fJe tXdh ftfGµBsk tX/o/ fdqPNhe'D ns/ t¤y t¤y iwKdo{ j[Bo fJe wµu s/ nkT[Ad/ jB, fJ; soQK T[sgkdesk ftu ;[Xko j[µdk j?. d{ik, fit/A fJ¤e nkofEesk tXdh j?, fJ; d/ Bkb ;/tk y/so ft¤u o[Irko d/ nt;o tXd/ jB i' fe ;zwfbs o[Irko d/ bJh ;fji o{g Bkb tX/o/ nB[e{b j?.Gkt/A fe, feos Pesh ft¤u n"osK d/ gqt/P bJh ;wkfie iK j'o o[ektNK, o[Irko ns/

225

T[sgkdB (nk;Nqh JhNh J/n?b, n?BHvh)3 dh gqfefonk ƒ Xhwk eo ;edhnK jB. nfijhnK ;wkfie o[ektNK dk fJ¤e g?wkBk fbµr nB[gks j?, i' iBw d/ ;w/A fbµr G/dGkt ƒ do;kT[Adk j?. 2005^07 s'A 2015^17 d/ djke/ d"okB gµikp ft¤u fbµr nB[gks ft¤u ek|h ;[Xko j'fJnk j?.p/;aZe gµikp gfjbK th x¤N fbµr nB[gks Bkb rq;s ;h. fco th oki ;oeko d/ fBoµso :sBK ;dek fbµr nB[gks ftu tkXk j'fJnk j?. gµikp dk fbµr nB[gks 2005^07 ftu 837 s'A t¤X e/ 2015^17 ftu 886 j' frnk. fJ;d/ w[ekpb/, okPNoh fbµr nB[gks 2005^07 ftu 901 s'A xN e/ 2015^17 ftu 896 j' frnk. fJ; d/ w[ekpb/, j'o 18 okiK d/ Bkb, gµikp gqsh 1000 g[oPK fgS/ 49 fJ;sohnK dk ;[Xko Bkb f;yo s/ fojk j?, fit/A fe fu¤so 13 ftu do;kfJnk frnk j?. d{i/ doi/ s/ f;yo s/ ofjD tkb/ wjkokPNo B/ nkgD/ fbµr nB[gks ftu gqsh 1000 g[oPK ftu 10 fJ;sohnK dk ;[Xko ehsk j?. pkeh okiK ftu'A fInkdkso B/ fJBQK 10 ;kbK ftu fbµr nB[gks ftu froktN d/yh j?. fJj fXnkB d/D dh Io{os j?, fe fbµr nB[gks ft¤u u'y/ ;[Xko d/ pkti{d, gµikp e"wh n";s s'A j/mK ub fojk j?.

fu¤so 13L okPNoh n";s ns/ j'o okiK d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp ftu fbµr nB[gks

;kXBL ;?Agb gziheoD ;ot/

fbµr nB[gks ft¤u ;[Xko dk o[MkB g/Av{ ns/ Pfjoh d'tK y/soK ft¤u d/fynk frnk j?, fit/A fe fu¤so 13 ft¤u do;kfJnk frnk j?, fi; ft¤u Pfjoh gµikp g/Av{ gµikp dh s[bBk ftu fpjso gqdoPB eo fojk j?. Pfjoh y/soK ft¤u T[¤u ;kyosk, ikro{esk ns/ ;ys w?vheb fB:w Pfjoh y/soK ft¤u d/y/ iKd/ T[¤u fbµr nB[gks ft¤u wj¤stg{oD G{fwek ndk eod/ jB. ;kb 2005^07 s'A g/Av{ gµikp ftu fbµr nB[gks fBoµso tXdk frnk (2008^10 ftu fJe froktN ƒ S¤v e/) ns/ 2014^16 ftu 876 s¤e gj[µu frnk. ;kb 2015^17 ft¤u, g/Av{ gµikp ft¤u fbµr nB[gks ft¤u

3 https://www.imf.org/~/media/Files/Publications/SDN/2018/SDN1806.ashx

750

800

850

900

950

g/Av{ ns/ Pfjoh gzikp ftZu fbzr nB[gks

g/Av{ Pfjoh

fu¤so 14L g/Av{ ns/ Pfjoh gµikp ft¤u fbµr nB[gks

;kXBL pj[s ;kbK dk, ;?Agb ofi;Nq/;aB ;ot/

226

874 dh wkw{bh froktN doi ehsh rJh ;h. fJ;d/ T[bN, Pfjoh gµikp ft¤u 2005^07 ns/ 2013^15 d/ ft¤ueko fbµr nB[gks ft¤u :{^nkeko ft¤u ;[Xko d/yD ƒ fwfbnk. T [; ;kb s'A pknd, gµikp d/ Pfjoh y/soK ft¤u fbµr nB[gks ft¤u froktN nkJh j?. gµikp ft¤u gqtk; d/ o[MkB

gqtk; gµikp dh nkofEesk dh fJ¤e gqw[¤y ftP/Psk j? fi; ft¤u d{i/ okiK s'A nkT[D tkb/ gqtk; fInkdk jB. ;kb 2011 dh BthBsw iBrDBk d/ nµefVnK d/ nB[;ko, d/P Go d/ okiK s'A 24 b¤y s'A t¤X b'eK B/ (24,88,299) gµikp ftZu gqtk; ehsk, i' fe nfij/ gqtk;hnK dk e[¤b 5H3# j?. fJ; Bkb gµikp d{;o/ okiK s'A nkJ/ gqtk;hnK tkbk n¤mt/A t¤v/ fj¤;/ tkbk ;{pk pD frnk j?. fJBQK gqtk;hnK ft¤u pj[shnK fJ;sohnK ;B, fiBQK dh fj¤;/dkoh 55H2# ;h. oki ft¤u t;d/ pj[s/ gqtk;h b[fXnkDk ns/ n?;HJ/Hn?;HBro fty/ t; rJ/. gµikp ft¤u gqtk; dk gqw[¤y ekoB fbzrtko bJh t¤y tZy j?. id'A fe g[oP eµw$ o[Irko d/ w"fenK dh Gkb ftu gµikp nk rJ/,fInkdkso fJ;sohnK ftnkj[sk T[d/PK bJh gqtk; eo rJhnK, fit/A fe fu¤so 15 ftu d¤f;nk frnk j?. T[BQK okiK ftu'A fiBQK ftu'A gqtk;h gµikp ub/ rJ/ jB, T[¤so gqd/P 26H1# d/ fj¤;/ d/ Bkb w'joh oki j?. :{Hgh ns/ fpjko s'A pj[s/ gqtk;h o'Irko d/ w"fenK dh Gkb ftu gµikp nkT[Ad/ jB. fJj b'e y/sK ftu nkoih ekw/ iK fdjkVhdko ti'A eµw eod/ jB ns/ fJ; soQK eµw eoB dhnK wkVhnK ;fEshnK dk ;kjwDk eod/ jB. fJ; d/ T[bN, jfonkD/ s'A gqtk;h fInkdkso ftnkj[sk T[d/PK bJh gµikp ub/ iKd/ jB. o[Irko d/ w"fenK dh sbkP ft¤u d{i/ okiK s'A nk ojh nkpkdh dk T[¤u gqtkj oki ft¤u feos wkoehN s/ dpkn gkT[Adk j? ns/ o[Irko d/ Y[et/A w"fenK dh T[gbpXsk ƒ :ehBh pDkT[D bJh dybnµdkIh dh b'V j[µdh j?.id'A fe wod o[Irko d/ T[d/PK bJh gqtk; eod/ jB, fJ;sohnK ftnkj[sk T[d/PK bJh gqtk; eodhnK jB fJe j'o fdbu;g o[MkB, i' gµikp ftu d/fynk iKdk j?, T[j j? gµikphnK (\k;eo B"itkBK) t¤b'A t¤v/ g¤Xo s/ gqtk; eoBk. o[Irko d/ tXhnk w"e/ ns/ ofjD^;fjD d/ fwnko dh Gkb ftu gµikphnK dk t¤vk fj¤;k d/P s'A pkjo gqtk; eo fojk j?. T[¤u gqtk; t¤b d/ o[MkB nkefo;as eoB tkb/ t¤y' t¤yo/ tkb/ ekoB pk¤e; 4 ftu ftuko/ rJ/ jB. gqtk;hnK bJh eB/vk, nwohek ns/ fJzrb?Av fJfsjk;e s"o *s/ gfjbh g;µd oj/ jB. Gkt/A fe, ;g/B ns/ fJNbh tor/ d/P th j[D soihj tkbhnK EktK d/ s"o s/ T[¤Go oj/ jB. Gkt/A gqtk; B/ gµikphnK s'A oki B{z nkT[D tkbh nkwdBh d/ dotkI/ y'bQ/ jB. foIot p?Ae d/ nµdo{Bh nkwdBh gqkgs ;ot/yD 2016^17 ftu d¤f;nk frnk j? fe e[¤b gqtk; s'AA G/ih nµdo{Bh nkwdBh gqkgs oew dk 7H7# gµikp t¤b G/fink frnk ;h, i' ;ko/ okiK ns/ e/Ado Pk;s gqd/PK ftu 10t/A ;EkB s/ ;h.

46.4%

5.3%

1.0%

0.4%

0.9%

0.4%

1.4%

50.4%

8.0%4.1%

23.9%27.7%

18.4% 11.7%

g[oP fJ;soh

id'A fe g[oP o'irko d/ wzst bJh gqtk; eo rJ/,fJ;sohnK ftnkj eotkT[D bJh gqtk;

eo rJhnK

ezw$o'Irko

eko'pko

f;fynk

ftnkj

iBw s'A pknd ub/rJ/gotko ;w/s ub/ rJ/

j'o

fu¤so 15L gqtk; eoB d/ T[d/P d/ s/ gqtk;hnK dh tµv nXko

;kXBL Gkos dh wodwP[wkoh 2011

227

pk¤e; 6L fpjso nt;oK dh sbkP

gµikphnK, yk;eo B"itkB spe/ ftu gqtk; oki Go ft¤u fJ¤e ikfDnk^gSkfDnk s¤E j?. eJh soQK d/ wip{oh ns/ fy¤uD d/ ekoe jB fi; d/ Bshi/ ti'A B"itkBK B/ ftd/PK ftu fpjso nt;oK dh sbkP ftu nkgD/ xoK ƒ S¤v fd¤skH ftef;s noE ftt;EktK fit/A fe eB?vk, nwohek, nk;No/bhnk ns/ fJzrb?Av ftu ihtB d/ fpjso wkgdµv oki ftu T[¤u T[sPkjh B"itkBK ƒ nkeo;fas eoB tkbk ;G s'A t¤vk ekoB j?. d{i/ gk;/, t¤X oj/ wip{oh ekoB cV/ ikD tkb/ ekoDK dh t¤X ojh frDsh th j?. o[Irko d/ w"fenK dh xkN, i' fe gµikphnK dhnK fJ¤SktK ns/ :'rsktK d/ nB[;ko j?, fJe w[¤y ekoB j?. fJj fJ; s¤E s'A f;¤X j[µdk j? fe ;kb 2019 ftu p/o[Irkoh fpUo' (31 d;µpo s¤e) d/ e[¤b 269534 fpB?ekoK ftu'A 85# f;¤fyns (w?fNqe ns/ fJ; s'A t¤X) ns/ 91# ƒ e[Pb ti'A Pq/Dhp¤X ehsk frnk ;h. fJj ;µe/s fdµdk j? fe T[gbpX B"eohnK ns/ fpB?ekoK dhnK fJ¤SktK $ :'rsktK ftueko fJ¤e n;wkBsk w"i{d j?, i' fe oki s'A f;fyns B"itkBK ƒ gbkfJD bJh wip{o eodh j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk, fit/A fit/A y/shpkVh ftek; fJe ;fEosk se gj[µudk j?, fJBQK fe;kBK d/ p¤funK dk fJe t¤vk fj¤;k o'Irko d/ w"fenK dh Gkb ftu ftd/PK ftu ik fojk j?. ;ot/yD T[ikro eod/ jB fe fiankdk s'A fInkdk fe;kB (\k;eo S'N/ ns/ x¤N T[sgkdB eoB tkb/ fe;kB) nkgDhnK IwhBK ƒ nkgD/ p¤funK d/ ftd/P gqtk; bJh g?;k i[NkT[D bJh t/u oj/ jB. fJjBK fy¤u ns/ wip{oh d/ ekoB Xe/b/ ikD d/ ekoBK d/ w/b Bkb oki s'A f;fyns B"itkBK dh fBek;h j'Jh j? ns/ B"itkBK ft¤u p/o[Irkoh tXh j? (fit/A fe n¤r/ d¤f;nk frnk j?).

GbkJh ns/ ;wkfie ;[o¤fynk ƒ T [sPkjs eoB bJh t¤y t¤y ;oekoh gfjbedwhnK ;wkfie ;[o¤fynk ;ehwK ;wkfie ;[o¤fynk ns/ fJ;soh ns/ pkb ftek; ftGkr Bkrfoe ƒ roG nt;Ek s'A b? e/ p[Ykg/ s¤e ;jkfJsk gqdkB eoB ftu wj¤stg{oD G{fwek ndk eodk j?. ftGkr dhnK ;wkfie ;[o¤fynk :'iBktK sfjs pI[orK, ftXtktK ns/ p/;jkok fJ;sohnK, fBoGo p¤funK ns/ ngkji ftneshnK dh o'Ih o'Nh bJh ft¤sh ;jkfJsk gqdkB ehsh iKdh j?. ;kb 2019^20 d"okB 23H94 b¤y bkGgksohnK bJh 1656H67 eo'V o[gJ/ dh oew you ehsh rJh j?.

p[Ykgk g?BPB ;ehw

fpoX ftneshnK ƒ ;jkfJsk gqdkB eoB bJh ;kb 2019^20 bJh 1200H00 eo'V o[gJ/ dh oew wBI{o ehsh rJh ;h, fi; d/ nXhB 16,06,958 bkGgksohnK ƒ eto eoB bJh 912H85 eo'V o[gJ/ you ehs/ rJ/ jB.

fJµdok rKXh okPNoh p[Ykgk g?BPB (nkJhHihHn?BHUHJ/HghHn?;)

;kb 2019^20 bJh 54 eo'V o[gJ/ dh oew wBI{o ehsh rJh ;h, fi; ftu'A 51H17 eo'V o[gJ/ dk youk 1,14,585 bkGgksohnK ƒ eto eoB bJh ehsk frnk.

fpoX ftneshnK bJh nµsookPNoh fdt; wBkT[Dk

d;µpo 1990 d/ ;µ:[es okPNo ;µx d/ ws/ dh gkbDk eofdnK jo ;kb 1 nes{po ƒ ftPt Go d/ fpoX ftneshnK dk nµsookPNoh fdt; (nkJhvhUgh) wBkfJnk iKdk j?. fJj fdB ;kv/ fpoX BkrfoeK d/ :'rdkB, p[¤Xh ns/ ;BwkB ƒ ;theko eoB ns/ T[BQK dh GbkJh bJh nkgD/

228

nkg ƒ g[Bo^;wofgs eoB dk nt;o gqdkB eodk j?. fJ; w"e/ T[¤x/ fpoX ftneshnK dk ;BwkB ehsk iKdk j?. Gkos ;oeko d/ ;wkfie fBnK ns/ nfXekosk wµsokb/ B/ nkgD/ g¤Xo *s/ ;wkrw nk:'fis ehs/ ns/ Gkos ;oeko t¤b'A fJj ;[Mkn th fd¤sk frnk j? fe oki ;oeko ƒ th fJ; fdB ƒ T[fus Yµr Bkb wBkT[D dh iao{os j?. ;kb 2019^20 bJh fJ; ;ehw sfjs 20 b¤y o[gJ/ dh okPh wBI{o ehsh rJh ;h ns/ ;koh oew you ehsh iKdh j?. piaa[or (BkrfoeK) ƒ ;j{bsK fJ; :'iBk d/ sfjs 60 ;kb iK fJ; s'A t¤X T[wo d/ pI[or BkrfoeK ƒ j/m fbyhnK fonkfJsK b?D bJh PBkysh ekov ikoh ehs/ iKd/ jBH 1H gµikp o'vt/I ns/ ghnkoNh;h p¤;K ftu gqsh p¤; fsµB ;hNK okythnK ofjDrhnK. 2H f;tb j;gskbK d/ ;ko/ Ughvh ftu ;hBhno f;NhIBI bJh t¤yohnK bkJhBK. 3H fpibh $ gkDh d/ fp¤bK dh ndkfJrh bJh ;hBhno f;NhIBI bJh t¤yohnK bkJhBK. 4H gµikp ;oeko d[nkok ;w/A^;w/A *s/ ;hBhno f;NhIBI ƒ fd¤s/ rJ/ e'Jh th j'o bkG. s/Ikp ghVs :'iBk, 2017 gµikp dh ft¤sh ;jkfJsk i{B 2017 s'A gqGktPkbh j?, fJ; :'iBk dk w[¤y T[d/P T[BQK fJ;sohnK ƒ ft¤sh ;jkfJsk gqdkB eoBk j? i' s/Ikph jwb/ d/ ekoB ngkji j' rJhnK jB. fJ; ;ehw nXhB s/Ikph jwb/ dk fPeko j'D tkbh bkG gqkgs eosk dk gµikp oki dk t;Bhe j'Dk ukjhdk j?. fpB?^g¤so ƒ ;pµXs fIbQ/ d/ f;tb ;oiB d[nkok ftXhts ikoh ehs/ rJ/ vkeNoh ;oNhfce/N Bkb fIbQk ;wkfie ;[o¤fynk nc;o e'b iwQK eotkT[Dk j? i' fe s/Ikph jwb/ d/ ekoB fpB?eko ƒ ngkji ftnesh (g{oB Gkrhdkoh d/ nfXekoK d/ ;wkB nt;o) n?eN dh Xkok 2 (i) d/ nB[;ko ngkji gfoGkfPs eodh j?. jo/e ghVs ƒ 8,000 o[gJ/ gqsh wjhBk fd¤s/ iKd/ jB. ft¤sh ;kb 2018^19 ftu 20 b¤y o[gJ/ dh oew okythA o¤yh rJh ;h.

ftXtk ns/ p/;jkok fJ;sohnK ƒ ft¤sh ;jkfJsk

“ftXtk ns/ p/;jkok fJ;sohnK ƒ ft¤sh ;jkfJsk” ;ehw d/ sfjs ;kb 2019^20 bJh 279H53 eo'V o[gJ/ dh oew wBI{o ehsh rJh ;h, fi; ftu'A 254H39 eo'V o[gJ/ you eoe/ 4,42,783 bkGgksohnK ƒ eto ehsk frnk j?.

fJµdok rKXh okPNoh ftXtk g?BPB ;ehw

;kb 2019^20 bJh 7H50 eo'V o[gJ/ dh okPh ƒ wBI{oh fd¤sh rJh ;h, fi; ftu'A 7H32 eo'V o[gJ/ dk you eofdnK 17,693 bkGgksohnK ƒ eto ehsk frnk.

nkPfos p¤funK ƒ ft¤sh ;jkfJsk ;kb 2019^20 bJh nkPfos p¤funK dh ;jkfJsk bJh 120 eo'V o[gJ/ dh ok;ah dh wBI{oh fd¤sh rJh ;h, fi; ftu'A 1,51,768 bkGgksohnK ƒ eto ehs/ rJ/. J/ehfeqs pkb ;[o¤fynk ;ehw

fJ;soh ns/ pkb ftek; wµsokb/, Gkos ;oeko, BthA fd¤bh B/ 26 Btµpo 2010 ƒ J/ehfeqs pkb ;[o¤fynk ;ehw (nkJhH;hHghHn?;H), i' fe gµikp oki ft¤u th bkr{ ehsh ik ojh j?, ;gK;o

229

ehsh.fJj ;ehw w"i{dk 15 j'wI ƒ feP'o fBnK (pkb fXnkB ns/ ;[o¤fynk) n?eN, 2000 ns/ pkb ;[o¤fynk gq'rokwK ƒ fJe Ssoh j/m fbnkT[D Bkb ;pµXs j?. fJ; d/ sfjs, ft¤sh ;kb 2019^20 bJh 20H00 eo'V o[gJ/ (40# ;N/N P/no ns/ 60# ;?ANo P/no) dk piN T[gpµX ehsk frnk ;h fi; ftu'A 11H73 eo'V you o[gJ/ you j'J/ jB.

J/ehfeqs pkb ftek; ;/tktK ;ehw (nkJh;hvhn?;)

fJj ;ehw 1975 ft¤u gq:'rkswe nXko s/ p¤funK d/ ;otg¤yh ftek; bJh J/ehfeqs ;/tktK gqdkB eoB bJh fJ¤e ;µg{oB gj[µu Bkb P[o{ ehsh rJh ;h. fJ; :'iBk sfjs oki d/ 155 nkJhH;hHvhHn?;H pbkeK (146 fdjksh ns/ 9 Pfjoh) ft¤u 27,314 nKrDtkVh e/Ado ubkJ/ ik oj/ jB. ft¤sh ;kb 2019^20 bJh fJ; :'iBk bJh 593H28 eo'V o[gJ/ dk piN T[gpµX ehsk frnk ;h.

ngkji ftneshnK ƒ ft¤sh ;jkfJsk

;kb 2019^20 bJh fJ; ;ehw sfjs 150 eo'V o[gJ/ dh wBI{oh fd¤sh rJh ;h fi; ftu'A 140 eo'V o[gJ/ dk youk eod/ j'J/ 1,93,282 bkGgksohnK ƒ eto ehsk frnk.

fJµdok rKXh okPNoh ngkji g?BPB ;ehw

;kb 2019^20 bJh 4 eo'V o[gJ/ dh oew ƒ wBI{oh fd¤sh rJh ;h, fi; ftu'A 2H57 eo'V o[gJ/ 5357 bkGgksohnK ƒ eto eoB bJh you/ rJ/.

ngkji ftneshnK d/ nfXeko n?eN, 2016

oki ;oeko d[nkok :'r ftneshnK ƒ b'VhAdh ;jkfJsk w[j¤Jhnk eokT[D bJh “ngkji ftneshnK d/ nfXeko n?eN, 2016” (ghHvpb:{HvhH n?eN) bkr{ ehsk ik fojk j?H n?eN d/ sfjs oki skbw/b ew/Nh ns/ oki ekoiekoh ew/Nh dk rmB ehsk frnk j?. B'vb ftGkr d/ s"o s/ ;wkfie ;[o¤fynk ftGkr B/ t¤y^t¤y ftGkrK ftu ngkji ftneshnK bJh ykbh gJhnK 794 n;kwhnK dh fB;akBd/jh ehsh. fJBQK ft¤u'A ftGkr d/ :sBK Bkb 581 n;kwhnK GohnK rJhnK jB.

foiBb ;gkJhBb fJµioh ;?ANo, w[jkbh (nkoHn?;HnkJhH;hH)

ngkji ftneshnK (;wkB nt;oK, nfXekoK dh okyh ns/ g{oB Gkrhdkoh) n?eN, 1995 d/ T[gpµXK d/ sfjs, ;wkfie fBnK ns/ nfXekosk wµsokb/, Gkos ;oeko B/ fd¤bh fty/ foiBb ;gkJhBb fJµioh ;?ANo dk w[¤y e/Ado ;Ekgs ehsk j?. fJ;/ gq'rokw sfjs gµikp d/ ;?eNo ^70, n?;HJ/Hn?;HBro fty/ foiBb ;gkJhBb fJµioh ;?ANo ;Ekgs ehsk frnk j?. rokT[Av cb'o dh T[;koh ns/ gfjbh wµIb dk fJe u"EkJh fj¤;k g{ok j' frnk j?. fJ; ;?ANo B/ gµikp, fjwkub, jfonkDk ns/ iµw{ ns/ ePwho d/ wohIK ƒ bkG gqdkB ehs/. fJj ;?ANo ngµr, p'ba/, r{µr/, B/sojhD, ;ohoe s"o s/ ngkji ns/ wkBf;e s"o s/ ngkji o'rhnK dhnK b'VK ƒ g{ok eodk j?H ;?ANo ƒ nkX[fBe w?vheb T[geoDK Bkb g{oh soQK ;µukfbs ehsk frnk j?. ft¤sh ;kb, 2019^20 ft¤u ngkjiK dh GbkJh bJh 200 b¤y o[gJ/ dk piN gqdkB ehsk frnk ;h.

B/sojhD ns/ ngkji ftneshnK bJh :ksok dh ;j{bs

“B/sojhD ns/ ngkji ftneshnK bJh :ksok dh ;j{bs” ;ehw sfjs B/sojhD ftneshnK ƒ w[cs :ksok dh ;j{bs fd¤sh iKdh j? ns/ nµrjhD ftneshnK ƒ gµikp o'vt/I ns/ ghnkoNh;h

230

p¤;K ft¤u fonkfJsh :ksok dh ;j{bs fd¤sh iKdh j?. ft¤sh ;kb 2018^19 ns/ 2019^20 bJh fJ; :'iBk d/ sfjs piN ftu 10H40 eo'V o[gJ/ dh ftt;Ek ehsh rJh j?.

ftPt ftebKr fdt; dk nk:'iB ns/ ngkjiK ƒ oki g[o;eko

ftPt ftebKr fdt; jo ;kb 3 d;µpo ƒ wBkfJnk iKdk j?. fJ; fdB, fJ¤e y/v gq'rokw dk nk:'iB ehsk iKdk j? ns/ n?BihU$eowukoh$;t?^o[Irko tkb/ ns/ fyvkohnK ƒ T[BQK dh ekor[Ikoh d/ nXko *s/ oki g[o;eko Bkb ;BwkfBs ehsk iKdk j?. ft¤sh ;kb 2018^19 bJh fJ; :'iBk d/ sfjs piN ftu 10H00 b¤y o[gJ/ dh oew o¤yh rJh ;h fi; ftu'A 9H20 b¤y o[gJ/ you ehs/ rJ/. ;kb 2019^20 bJh 10H00 b¤y o[gJ/ dh piN sithI o¤yh rJh j?.

ngkjisk tkb/ ftneshnK d/ nfXekoK bJh n?eN, 2016 (n?;HnkJhHghHvhHJ/H) :'iBk

ngkjisk n?eN, 2016 tkb/ ftneshnK d/ nfXekoK bJh ;ehw 100# e/Adoh ;jkfJsk gqkgs ;ehw j?. o[ektN w[es tksktoD ngkji b'eK ƒ ;[o¤fyns ns/ nkIkdh Bkb Bkb x[µwD ns/ g?dk ehs/ ;kirko wkj"b d/ nµdo ;j{bsK dh tos'A eoB d/ :'r pDkT[Adk j?. o[ektN ofjs fvIkfJB dk T[d/P fJ¤e nfijk tksktoD gqdkB eoBk j? i' ftneshnK dh ;[sµso ekoiPhbsk dk ;woEB eodk j't/ sK i' T[j fpBK ;jkfJsk d/ o'IwoQk d/ eµwK ft¤u fj¤;k b? ;eD. fJ; bJh, ;otiBe tos'A bJh t¤X s'A t¤X ;µGt fJwkosK$nktkikJh gqDkbhnK ƒ o[ektN ofjs pDkfJnk ikDk j?. ;kb 2018^19 d"okB fJ; :'iBk d/ sfjs 9H50 b¤y o[gJ/ dh oew you ehsh rJh ;h. ;kb 2019^20 bJh 114H21 eo'V o[gJ/ d/ piN T[gpµX dk gq;skt ;h.

5H5 o[Irko ns/ p/o[Irkoh d/ o[MkB

2015^16 s'A 2017^18 d/ ft¤ueko gµikp ft¤u o[Irko ;{ueK ftu ;[Xko nkfJnk j?, jkbKfe okPNoh g¤Xo s/ fJ; d/ T[bN o[MkB ;h. skIk ghohnv b/po c'o; ;ot/ (ghHn?¤bHn?¤cHn?¤;H) 2017^18 d/ nB[;ko, gµikp ft¤u 15O ;kbK bJh feos Pesh Gkrhdkoh dh do (n?bHn?cHghHnkoH) 46H5 # ns/ 15O ;kbK bJh toeoK dh nkpkdh nB[gks (vpb:{HghHnkoH) 42H9# ojh, fit/A fe ;koDh 94 ftu T[ikro ehsk frnk j?. 2015^165 dh ft¤u s[bBk ft¤u, gµikp ft¤u n?bHn?cHghHnkoH ft¤u uko gqshPs nze dk tkXk j'fJnk j?, id'Afe vpb:{ghnko ft¤u seohpB fsµB gqshPs nze dk tkXk j'fJnk j?. fJ;/ ;w/A d"okB okPNoh g¤Xo *s/ n?bHn?cHghHnkoH ns/ vpb:{HghHnkoH eqwtko brGr fsµB ns/ uko gqshPs nze x¤N j'J/. wjkokik oDihs f;µx nkowv c'of;I ;oftf;I gq?go/Noh fJµ;NhfuT{N tor/ f;js y/so d/ j[Bo ftek; e/AdoK ns/ ;µ;EktK ;Ekgs eoB torhnK t¤y t¤y gfjbedwhnK okjhA j[Bo f;ybkJh ns/ o[Irko d/ w"e/ gqdkB eoB bJh oki ;oeko d/ :sBK ;dek oki ft¤u o[Irko ƒ j[bkok fwfbnk j?.

4 Both indicators have been measured for individuals who are 15 years or older. 5 Data for 2015-16 has been sources from employment -unemployment survey (Labour Bureau, Chandigarh).

These data basis are not strictly comparable.

gµikp B/ feos Pesh ns/ Gkrhdkoh ns/ wId{oK dh nkpkdh d/ nB[gks ft¤u tkX/ dk nB[Gt ehsk j? id'A fe ;w[¤u/ Gkos d/ g¤Xo s/ 2015^16 s'A pknd froktN nkJh j?.

231

Gkt/A fe, gµikp ns/ okPNoh g¤Xo *s/ p/o[Irkoh dhnK doK (:{Hnko) T[¤uhnK ns/ t¤X ojhnK jB. fit/A fe ;koDh 9 ft¤u do;kfJnk frnk j?, ;kb 2017^18 ft¤u gµikp ft¤u p/o[Irkoh do (15 ;kb iK fJ; s'A t¤X T[wo d/ ftneshnK bJh wkgh rJh) 7H7# ojh i' fe 6# dh okPNoh n";s Bkb'A t¤X j?. 2015^16 d/ w[ekpb/ oki ns/ Gkos ft¤u p/o[Irkoh dhnK doK ft¤u tkXk j'fJnk j?. Gkt/A fe, gµikp bJh p/o[Irkoh dh do ft¤u tkXk okPNoh g¤Xo s/ j'J/ tkX/ Bkb'A x¤N fojk j?.

;koDh 9L gµikp pBkw Gkos ftu o[Irko ns/ p/o[Irkoh d/ ;{ue (#) 15 ns/ fJ; s'A T[go T[wo bJh gzikp Gkos 2015-

16

2017-

18

2015-

16

2017-

18

feos Pesh Gkrhdkoh o/N(15O) 42.7 46.5 52.4 49.8

toeo iB;zfynk nB[gks(15O) 40.2 42.9 50.5 46.8

p/o[irkoh dh do(15O) 5.8 7.7 3.7 6

;kXBL ghHn?bHn?cHn?;H, 2017^18 ns/ Jh:{n?; 2015^16

o[Irko d/ o[MkBL g/Av{^Pfjoh

g/Av{ y/soK dh s[bBk ftu gµikp d/ Pfjoh fJbkfenK ft¤u o[Irko d/ o[MkB w[ekpbsB fpjso oj/ jB. 2017^18 s¤e, g/Av{ ns/ Pfjoh gµikp d'tK ft¤u p/o[Irkoh dh do eqwtko 7H6# ns/ 7H7# s/ fJe' fijh ;h.Gkt/A fe, gµikp d/ Pfjoh e/AdoK fty/ n?bHn?cHghHnkoH ns/ vpb:{HghHnkoH g/Av{ e/AdoK Bkb'A s[bBkswe s"o* s/ t¤X jB, fit/A fe ;koDh 10 ft¤u do;kJ/ rJ/ jB. 2015^16 dh s[bBk ft¤u, g/Av{ ns/ Pfjoh gµikp d'tK ft¤u n?bHn?cHghHnkoH, vpb:{HghHnkoH ns/ p/o[Irkoh dhnK doK ft¤u tkXk j'fJnk j?, . Gkt/A fe, tkX/ dh rsh t¤yoh j?. id'A fe n?bHn?cHghHnkoH ns/ vpb:{ghnko Pfjoh y/soK ft¤u d' ;kbK ft¤u fJ¤e wj¤stg{oB nµso Bkb tkXk j'fJnk j?, g/Av{ y/soK ft¤u fJj tkXk w[ekpbsB x¤N fojk j?. fJ;d/ T[bN, id'A fe g/Av{ gµikp ft¤u p/o[Irkoh dhnK doK ft¤u brGr d' gqshPs nzeK dk tkXk j'fJnk j?, Pfjoh y/soK ft¤u fJj f;oc 1H5 gqshPs nµe ;h. ;µ:[es o{g Bkb fJj ;µe/se g/Av{ y/soK d/ w[ekpb/ Pfjoh gµikp ft¤u o[Irko d/ fpjso ns/ ;[Xo/ j'J/ gfog/y t¤b fJPkok eod/ jB. fJj fXnkB fd¤sk ikDk ukjhdk j? fe Pfjoh gµikp ftu j'J/ fJ; ;[Xko B/ oki ƒ 2017^18 ftu okPNoh g¤Xo *s/ Pfjoh fJbkfenK ftu n?bHn?cHghHnko ns/ vpb:{HghHnko ƒ gSkVD ftu ;jkfJsk ehsh j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk, tkX/ d/ pkti{d, Pfjoh gµikp ftu p/o[Irkoh dhnK doK e"wh n";s d/ pokpo jB.

232

;koDh 10L gµikp pBkw Gkos bJh o[Irko ns/ p/o[Irkoh d/ ;{ue (#)^g/Av{ ns/ Pfjoh y/so^15 ns/ fJ; s'A T[go T[wo bJh

gzikp g/Av{ Pfjoh

2015-

16 2017-18 2015-16 2017-18

feos Pesh Gkrhdkoh o/N 43 44.5 41.9 49.6

toeo iB;zfynk nB[gks 40.6 41.1 39.3 45.8

p/o[irkoh dh do 5.7 7.6 6.2 7.7

Gkos g/Av{ Pfjoh

2015-

16 2017-18 2015-16 2017-18

feos Pesh Gkrhdkoh o/N 55.8 50.7 43.7 47.6


p/o[irkoh dh do 3.4 5.3 4.4 7.7

;kXBL ghn?bn?cn?;, 2017^18 ns/ Jh:{n?; 2015^16

o[Irko d/ o[MkBL g[oP^n"osK

okPNoh g¤Xo tKr jh gµikp ftu th o[Irko d/ o[MkB ftu fbµr n;wkBsk gkJh t/yD B{z fwbdh j?. f;oc fJ;sohnK ft¤u x¤N n?bn?cghnko ns/ vpb:{ghnko jh BjhA j[µdk, T[jBK dh p/o[Irkoh dh do g[oPK dh p/o[Irkoh dh do Bkb'A ek|h fInkdk j?. ;koDh^11 ghHn?bHn?cHn?¤;H 2017^18 nB[;ko g[oPK d/ w[ekpb/ fJ;sohnK d/ o[Irko o[MkBK dh Mbe g/P eodh j?. fJ;sohnK d/ 15H5# d/ n?bHn?¤cHghHnkoH d/ w[ekpb/ g[oPK dk n?bHn?¤cHghHnkoH 74H9# j? i' fe brGr 5 r[Dk t¤X j?. nfijk jh coe g[oPK ns/ fJ;sohnK d/ vpb:{ghnko ns/ p/o[Irkoh dhnK doK ft¤u d/fynk iKdk j?. Gkt/A fe, fgSb/ d' ;kbK d"okB gµikp ft¤u fJ;sohnK dh ;fEsh ft¤u ;[Xko j'fJnk j?, i' wodK d/ w[ekpb/, yk; eoe/ vpb:{ghnko ns/ p/o[Irkoh dhnK doK d/ w[ekpb/ s[bBkswe s"o s/ T[¤u ;[Xko do;kT[Adk j?. 2015^16 ns/ 2017^18 d/ ftueko, gµikp ft¤u fJ;sohnK bJh vpb:{ghnko ft¤u 4H3 gqshPs nµe dk tkXk j'fJnk j?, id'A fe g[oPK bJh fJj 1H1 gqshPs nµe j?. fdbu;g r¤b fJj j? fe fJ;/ ;w/A d"okB g[oPK bJh p/o[Irkoh dhnK doK tXhnK jB, id'A fe fJ;sohnK bJh fJ; ftu froktN nkJh j?, fit/A fe ;koDh 11 ftu do;kfJnk frnk j?.

;koDh 11L gµikp bJh o[Irko ns/ p/o[Irkoh d/ ;{ue (#) ^ g[oP ns/ fJ;sohnK g[oP fJ;soh 2015-16 2017-18 2015-16 2017-18

feos Pesh Gkrhdkoh o/N 71.5 74.9 11.6 15.5


p/o[irkoh dh do 3.9 6.9 18.7 11.7

;kXBL ghn?bn?cn?;, 2017^18 ns/ Jh:{n?; 2015^16

233

5H6 ekfwnK dh y/soh tµv ghHn?bHn?cHn?¤;H 2017^18 d/ nB[wkBK nB[;ko, gµikp ftu ekfwnK dk ;G s'A t¤vk fj¤;k y/shpkVh ns/ fJ; Bkb i[V/ ;fj y/soK ftu e/Afdqs j?, fJ; s'A pknd T[sgkdB ns/ tgko ns/ w[oµws d/ y/so nkT[Ad/ jB. gµikp ft¤u seohpB 26# ekw/ y/shpkVh ns/ fJ; Bkb ;pµXs eµwK ft¤u b¤r/ j'J/ jB. fJ; s'A fJbktk, fit/A fe gµikp N?e;NkJhb, y/vK d/ ;wkB ns/ jbe/ fJµihBhnfoµr ;wkB dk e/Ado pD frnk j?, ekfwnK dk fJe wj¤stg{oB nB[gks (19#) T[sgkdB ftu b¤frnk j'fJnk j?. T[sgkdB dhnK ;jkfJe rshftXhnK, tgko ns/ w[oµws ;/tktK oki ftu wId{oK dk shi/ ;G s'A t¤v/ fj¤;/ (15#) ƒ o[Irko fdµdhnK jB. id'A fe y/shpkVh ns/ fJ; Bkb ;pµXs y/so okPNoh g¤Xo s/ ;G s'A t¤v/ o[Irkodksk jB, ;op Gkosh g¤Xo s/ o[Irko gqkgs nB[gks gµikp Bkb'A ek|h fInkdk j?. gµikp ftu f;oc 26# d/ w[ekpb/ okPNoh g¤Xo *s/ 44# s'A t¤X ekw/ fJBQK y/soK ftu b¤r/ j'J/ jB. fJ; s'A fJbktk, id'A fe fBowkD T[d:'r th d{ik ;G s'A t¤vk o[Irkodksk j?, e"wh g¤Xo s/ b¤r/ wId{oK dk nB[gks gµikp d/ b'eK Bkb'A ek|h x¤N j?. T[;koh y/so okPNoh g¤Xo *s/ shik ;G s'A t¤vk o[Irkodksk j? (fu¤so 16).

fu¤so 16L Gkos d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp ftu T[g^y/soK ftu ekfwnK dh ;ozuBk

;kXBL ghHn?bHn?cH 2017^18

jkbKfe gµikp ftu g[oP ns/ fJ;sohnK d'tK bJh y/shpkVh ns/ fJ; Bkb ;pµXs y/so ;G s'A t¤X o[Irkodksk jB, pkeh ekfwnK dh fbµrtko tzv tZy^tZy ;?eNoK ftZu tZy^tZy j?. y/shpkVh s'A pknd T[sgkdB ns/ tgko ns/ w[oµws oki ft¤u g[oPK d/ gqw[¤y o[Irkodksk jB. fJ;d/ T[bN, gµikp ft¤u fJ;sohnK bJh d{ik ;G s'A t¤vk o[Irkodksk f;¤fynk y/so j?. gµikp ftu seohpB fJe u"EkJh (22H6#) fJ;soh eowukoh f;¤fynk Bkb i[V/ j'J/ jB. fJj gµikp ƒ f;¤fynk d/ y/so ftu eµw eoB tkbhnK fJ;sohnK tkbk d{ik ;G s'A t¤X nB[gks tkbk ;{pk pDkT[Adk j?H f;¤fynk d/ y/so ftu 25H7# fJ;soh ekfwnK tkbk fpjko gfjb/ ;EkB s/ j?.

26%

19%

13% 15%

5%

44%

12% 12% 10%6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

y/shpkVh, izrbks ns/wZShgkbD

T[sgkdB T[;koh tgko ns/ w[ozws nktkikJh, ;KG ;zGkbns/ ;zuko

gzikp Gkos

okPNoh o[MkBK Bkb gzikp ftu ekfwnK dh ;ozuBk tZyoh j?

234

5H7 r?o o;wh o[Irko

gµikp ft¤u r?o^y/shpkVh ;?eNo ft¤u fInkdkso ekw/ r?o o;wh ;?eNo ft¤u b¤r/ j'J/ jB. (fu¤so 17) gµikp ft¤u brGr 53# r?o^y/shpkVh o[Irko r?o o;wh j? ^ noEks, e'Jh fbys ;wM"sk Pkwb BjhA, fJ; soQK fJj r?o o;wh j?. fu¤so 17L r?o o;wh r?o^y/shpkVh o[Irko dk gqshPs (# ft¤u)

;kXBL gh n?b n?c n?; 2017^18 5H8 B"itkBK ftu p/o[Irkoh gµikp ftu B"itkBK ftu p/o[Irkoh (15^29 ;kb dh T[wo) fJe tX ojh fuµsk dk ftPk j?. ;kb 2017^18 s¤e, B"itkBK dh p/o[Irkoh do 21H6# ;h. (fu¤so 18) fJ; d/ w[ekpb/, okPNoh g¤Xo *s/ B"itkBK dh p/o[Irkoh dh do 17H8# ;h. B"itkBK dh fJ¤SktK ns/ T[gbpX B"eohnK d/ nt;oK dofwnkB n;µs[bB ƒ oki ft¤u B"itkBK dh t¤X ojh p/o[Irkoh dk ekoB wµfBnk iKdk j?. fu¤so 18 fJj th T[ikro eodk j? fe g/Av{ y/soK ns/ fJ;sohnK ftu B"itkBK dh p/o[Irkoh dk w[¤dk tX/o/ ftnkge j?. gµikp ft¤u y/shpkVh d/ j'J/ Gkoh wPhBheoB ekoB th g/Av{ B"itkBK ƒ o[Irko dh xkN g/?dk j' ;edh j?. b'VhAd/ j[BoK dh xkN ekoB, fJj g/Av{ B"itkB oki d/ t¤X oj/ nkJh Nh T[d:'r ftu o[Irko gqkgs eoB d/ n:'r jB.

fu¤so 18L gµikp pBkw Gkos ftu B"itkBK dh p/o[Irkoh dh ;fEsh (2017^18)

;kXBL gh n?b n?c n?; 2017^18

oki ftu B"itkBK d/ j[BoK ns/ B"eohnK d/ w"fenK ftueko gkV/ ƒ d{o eoB bJh eJh soQK d/ edw u[¤e/ rJ/ jB. oki Go ftu f;js tor/ eJh t¤y^t¤y y/soK ftu j[Bo ns/ f;ybkJh e/Ado

23%

20% 19%

37%

21.6%

17%

21%18% 18% 17.8%

g/Av{ Pfjoh g[oP fJ;soh e[Zb

gzikp Gkos

63.2% 61.7%55.5% 54.1% 53.1% 51.1% 50.5% 49.7% 47.1%

eoBkNe sfwbBkv{ r[ioks wjkokPNo gzikp e/ob s/zbrkBk nkzXogqd/P jfonkBk

235

;Ekgs ehs/ rJ/ jB. ‘ngDh r¤vh nkgDk o'Irko :'iBk’ torhnK :'iBktK dk T[d/P B"itkBK ƒ NoK;g'oN ;?eNo ft¤u T[¤dwh d/ w"e/ gqdkB eoBk j?. ;oeko B/ B"itkBK ƒ B"eohnK d/ w"e/ gqdkB eoB bJh Ubk ns/ T[po torhnK e?p eµgBhnK Bkb fJeokoBkw/ ehs/ jB. fJ; s'A fJbktk, ‘xo xo o'Irko’ ;ehwK sfjs w?rk gb/;w?AN vokJht $ w?rk ik¤p w/b/ nk:'fis ehs/ ik oj/ jB fiBQK dk T[d/P p/o[Irko B"itkBK ƒ o[Irko w[¤jJhnk eotkT[Dk j?.

5H9 o[Irko ns/ j[Bo d/ ftek; ƒ T[sPkjs eoB bJh t¤y t¤y ;oekoh gfjbedwhnK

oki ;oeko B"eoh bJh yk; fe¤skw[yh j[Bo gqdkB eo e/ B"itkBK dh o[Irko:'rsk ƒ tXkT[D bJh t¤y t¤y T[gokb/ eo ojh j?. 2019 (iBtoh s'A nes{po) d"okB, ;pµXs ftGkr B/ e[¤b 63019 noIhnK gqkgs ehshnK, fiBQK ftu'A 7324 fpB?ekoK ƒ t?e /A;h n?eN, 1959 dh bkIwh B'Nhfce/PB sfjs B"eoh fd¤sh rJh ;h. 2019^20 d/ gfjb/ 6 wjhfBnK d"okB (1 ngq?b 2019 s'A 31 nes{po 2019 s¤e), ftGkr B/ 536 gb/;w?AN e?Ag (fiBQK okjhA 18218 fpB?ekoK ƒ o[Irko fwfbnk) ns/ 121 w?rk ik¤p w/fbnK (fi; okjhA 117380 fpB?ekoK ƒ o[Irko fwfbnk) dk nk:'iB ehsk.

o[Irko ns/ T[¤dw fIbQk fpT{o' dh ;EkgBk (vhHphHJhHJhH)

gµikp ;oeko T[BQK w[PebK gqsh ;µt/dBPhb j? fiBQK dk ;kjwDk p/o[Irko ftneshnK ƒ eoBk g?Adk j?, ;oeko B/ Btµpo 2018 ft¤u fIbQk o[Irko ns/ T[¤dw fpT{o' (vhHphHJhHJhH) dh ;EkgBk ehsh j?. vhHphHJhH JhH o'Irko sbkP eoB tkfbnK ns/ o[IrkodksktK bJh, jo/e fIbQk ;do w[ekw ft¤u o[Irko ;/tktK d/ bJh fJe tB^;Nk¤g gb/Nckow j?. oki vhphJhJh d[nkok fd¤shnK iKdhnK pj[^;/tktK dh t/otk j/m nB[;ko j?L 1H gb/;w?AN bJh o'Irko w/b/ d/ o{g ftu B"eoh b¤GD tkfbnK ns/ o[IrkodksktK ftueko fB:ws fJµNoc/; dk gqpµX eoBkl 2H wkor doPB ns/ eohno ekT{A;fbµrl 3H B"itkBK dh o[Irko:'rsk ƒ tXkT[D bJh j[Bo f;ybkJh dh ;j{bs d/Dkl 4H ;t?^o[Irko, T[¤dw ns/ T[¤dw ftek; dh ;j{bs d/Dkl 5H wkJheo' ns/ bx{ T[d:'rK d/ noµG bJh p?Ae eoI/ gqkgs eoB ftu ;jkfJskl 6H ftd/Ph gb/;w?AN b¤GD tkb/ B"itkBK dh ;jkfJsk eoBk.

ftd/Ph o[Irko dh Gkb ftu i[V/ B"itkBK dh ;jkfJsk

vhHphHJhHJhH d/ nXhB, ftd/PK ftu gb/;w?AN dh fJ¤Sk o¤yD tkb/ B"itkBK ƒ b'VhAdh ;jkfJsk gqdkB eoB bJh ;[ftXk ;/tktK (fit/A ftd/Ph w"fenK pko/ ikDekoh, b'VhAdh wBi{oh, b'VhAd/ j[Bo, ekT{A;fbµr ns/ j'o ;jkfJsk) T[gbpX jBH j[D s¤e, 8 fIfbQnK Gkt pfmµvk, o{gBro, ibµXo, eg{oEbk, b[fXnkDk, w'rk, gmkBe'N, gfNnkbk ns/ n?;HJ/Hn?¤;H Bro Gosh J/iµNK ƒ ;{uhp¤X ehsk frnk j?.

;w{je ekT{A;fbµr ;?PB

1 wJh 2019 ns/ 20 wJh 2019 s'A, oki ftu 219431 B"itkBK ƒ ftfdne ns/ fe¤skw[yh nrtkJh d/D ns/ ikro{esk g?dk eoB bJh ;w{je ;bkj fd¤sh rJh.

236

wkJh Gkr' nkowv c'of;I gq?go/Noh fJµ;NhfuT{N

oki ;oeko t¤b'A n?;HJ/Hn?;HBro fty/ bVehnK bJh wkJh Gkr' nkowv c'of;I gq?go/Noh fJµ;NhfuT{N dh ;EkgBk ehsh rJh j?. fJj fJµ;NhfuT{N g{o/ d/P ftu nkgDh fe;w dk fJeb"sk ;µ;EkB j? i' fe gµikp dhnK bVehnK ƒ ps"o efwPBv nc;o ti'A jfEnkopµd ;?Bk ftu Pkwb j'D bJh f;ybkJh fdµdk j?. 1 ngq?b 2019 ns/ 30 d;µpo 2019 dh ntXh d"okB, j/mK doi B"itkBk f;ybkJh gqkgs $ f;ybkJh nXhB ;BL III e'o;L 25 IV e'o;L 21 V e'o;L 25 III n?;n?;Nh;hL 05 IV n?;n?;Nh;hL 05 fJ; fwnkd d/ d"okB 4 fJ;sohnK efwPBv nfXekoh (c"i ft¤u 2 ns/ J/no c'o; ft¤u 2) ti'A u[DhnK rJhnK jB. iii e'o; s'A, 22 b/vh e?fvNK B/ J/Hn?cH;hHJ/HNhH $ ;hHvhHn?;HJhH fbys gqhfynk gk; ehsh j?. 22 fJ;soh e?fvN; Btµpo 2019 ns/ cotoh 2020 d/ d"okB jfEnkopµd ;hwk pb gqhfynk d/DrhnK.

wjkokik oDihs f;µx nkowv c'of;I ;oftf;I gq?go/Noh fJµ;NhfuT{N

wjkokik oDihs f;µx nkowv c'of;I ;oftf;I gq?go/Noh fJµ;NhfuN dh ;EkgBk e?fvN; ƒ fJe e/Afdqs ns/ Nhuk w[yh f;ybkJh gqdkB eoB ns/ T[BQK ƒ B?PBb fv|?A; ne?vwh ftu Pkwb j'D bJh ns/ jfEnkopµd pbK ftu efwPBv pDB bJh b'VhAdh p"fXe, ;ohoe e[Pbsk ns/ ufo¤so fBowkD d/ r[DK Bkb b?; eoB bJh ehsh rJh j?. 1 ngq?b 2019 s'A 30 nes{po 2019 d/ ftueko, 48 B"itkBK ƒ f;ybkJh fd¤sh rJh ;h. fJ; fwnkd d/ d"okB, 17 B"itkBK ƒ n?BHvhHJ/H, 16 ƒ Gkosh c"i ft¤u efwPBv nc;o ns/ 4 ƒ Gkosh jtkJh ;?Bk ft¤u efwPBv nc;o fB:[es ehsk frnk ;h. gµikp :[tk f;ybkJh ns/ o[Irko e/Ado (;h^gkJhN) 19 nr;s 2019 ƒ ;Ekfgs ehsh gµikp :[tk f;ybkJh ns/ o[Irko e/Ado (;h^gkJhN), fJe ftb¤yD ;µ;Ek j? i' ;t?^o[Irko d/ w"e/ g?dk eoB bJh seBheh j[BoK dh f;ybkJh gqdkB eoB d/ Bkb^Bkb ;t?^nB[Pk;B, okPNoh J/esk dh GktBk, Xow fBog¤ysk, feos dk r"ot ns/ ekoi ;fGnkuko d/ f;oiD eµw eoB ftu b¤rh j'Jh j?. fJ; :'iBk d/ gqw[¤y bkGgksoh g/Av{ p/o[Irko B"itkB jB fiBQK ƒ nkowv c'of;I, ;?ANob g?ok fwbNoh c'of;I ns/ g[fb; ftu Gosh j'D bJh g{ot^Gosh f;ybkJh fd¤sh iKdh j?. ;µ;Ek t¤b'A 14 ;h^gkJhN f;ybkJh e?Ag ;Ekgs ehs/ jB, fiBQK ft¤u 4 ;EkJh e?Ag ns/ 10 n;EkJh e?Ag Pkwb jB. fJj :'iBk gµikp d/ B"itkBK, yk; eoe/ ;oj¤dh fJbkfenK d/ B"itkBK ns/ nB[;{fus ikshnK ns/ g¤SVhnK Pq/DhnK Bkb ;pµXs B"itkBK ft¤u p/o[Irkoh ƒ d{o eoB bJh :sBPhb j?. c"i dh Gosh s'A gfjbK dh f;ybkJh d/ fj¤;/ ti'A ;kb d"okB 12^j|s/ dk e?g;{b nk:'fis ehsk frnk ;h. ;kb 2019^20 (30 nes{po 2019 s¤e) d/ Bshi/ fJ; gqeko ;BL

237

;koDh 12L ;kb 2019^20 ( nes{po, 2019 sZe) d"okB ;h^gkfJN d/ gfowkD ;kb f;fyns o'irko ;kb d"okB eotkJ/ rJ/ e'o;K dk

fttoD

nkowh$gh n?w n?c

nkowh$gh n?w n?c

i/ ;h ph wX{wZyh gkbD

2019^20 4936 46 64 30 xo^xo o'Irko

w?rk gb/;w?AN vqkfJt $ w?rk ik¤p w/fbnK okjhA p/o[Irko B"itkBK ƒ o[Irko w[j¤Jhnk eokT[D bJh fJe BthA :'iBk “xo^xo o'Irko” P[o{ eoB bJh oki ;oeko B/ t¤vh gfjb ehsh j?. fJ; :'iBk d/ sfjs ;oeko B/ nk¤BbkJhB fpB?^g¤so wµr/ jB. gµikp ftu gfjbk ;oekoh B"eoh w/bk 21 nr;s 2017 s'A 3 ;sµpo 2017 s¤e brkfJnk frnk ;h, fiE/ 9533 T[whdtkoK ƒ fJe oki g¤Xoh ;wkrw ftu fB:[esh g¤so fd¤s/ rJ/ ;B. fJ; s'A fJbktk, 13177 T[whdtkoK ƒ wkou 2017 ns/ ;sµpo 2017 d/ ftueko fB¤ih y/so ft¤u B"eoh fd¤sh rJh ;h. d{ik oki g¤Xoh w?rk ik¤p w/bk 20 cotoh 2018 s'A 8 wkou 2017 s¤e fJµihBhnfoµr, nkJhHNhHnkJhH, g"bhN?efBe ns/ f;µrb Nq/v fJµ;NhfuT{N ftfdnkoEhnK dh gb/;w?AN bJh brkfJnk frnk ;h. oki g¤Xoh ;wkrwK d"okB e[¤b 7378 T[whdtkoK ƒ fB:[esh g¤so fd¤s/ rJ/. gµikp ftu shik w?rk ikp w/bk 12 Btµpo 2018 s'A 22 Btµpo 2018 s¤e brkfJnk frnk ;h. w/b/ d"okB, u[D/ rJ/ 6863 T[whdtkoK ƒ fB:[esh g¤so fd¤s/ rJ/ ;B ns/ 6230 T[whdtkoK ƒ PkoNfb;N ehsk frnk ;h. fJ; s'A fJbktk ngq?b 2018 s'A Btµpo 2018 s¤e 6231 T[whdtkoK ƒ fB¤ih y/so ft¤u o[Irko fd¤sk frnk ;h. xo^xo o'Irko g'oNb (www.ghargharrozgar.punjab.gov.in) gµikp ;oeko d[nkok cotoh 2018 ft¤u noµG ehsk frnk ;h, fi¤E/ B"eoh b¤GD tkb/ ns/ B"eoh d/D tkb/ d't/A fJ; fJµNon?efNt gb/Nckow s/ nkgD/ nkg ƒ ofi;No eo ;ed/ jB. o[Irkodksk nkgDh :'rsk ns/ gksosk d/ wkgdµv nB[;ko ;µGkfts T[whdtkoK dh sbkP eo ;ed/ jB.

nkgDh r¤vh nkgDk o'Irko :'iBk

“nkgDh r¤vh nkgDk o'irko” :'iBk oki ;oeko d[nkok nktkikJh d/ y/so ft¤u gµikp d/ B"itkBK ƒ ;t?^o[Irko $ T[¤dwh ;j{bsK gqdkB eoB bJh bkr{ ehsh rJh fJ¤e BthA :'iBk j?. fJj :'iBk NoK;g'oN ;?eNo ft¤u eµw eoB d/ fJ¤S[e B"itkBK dhnK Io{osK ƒ g{ok eo/rh. fJ; :'iBk d/ sfjs N?e;hnK ;pf;vh tkbhnK doK s/ w[j¤Jhnk eotkJhnK iKdhnK jB ns/ N?e;h yohdD bJh eoI/ bJh fe;/ ikwBh dh Io{os BjhA j?. eoIk w'VB dh fwnkd 5 ;kb j't/rh. o[Irko f;oiD ns/ f;ybkJh ftGkr B/ fvgNh efwPBoK $ o'Irko ns/ T[¤dw, fIbQk fpT{o' d/ wkfXnw Bkb fB¤ih ;?eNo d/ ;fj:'r Bkb fJ; :'iBk ƒ fsnko ehsk j?. o[Irko f;oiD ns/ f;ybkJh ftGkr (vhHJhHihHNhH), gµikp B/ fJ; :'iBk dh ;cbsk bJh Y[et/A fBih ndkfonK Bkb ;wM"s/ *s/ d;sys ehs/. vhJhihNh ns/ gqkJht/N eµgBhnK NoK;g'oN ftGkr, g[fb; ftGkr, gµikp j[Bo ftek; fwPB ns/ j'o bkJhB ftGkrK Bkb skbw/b o¤yd/ j'J/ eµw eodhnK jB.

238

gµikp ;oeko B/ Gkos dhnK d' t¤vhnK N?e;h nkgq/No eµgBhnK Ubk ns/ T[po Bkb ;wM"sk ehsk j?. 2018 ns/ 2019 d/ d"okB, :'iBk d/ sfjs g?dk j'J/ o'Irko d/ w"e/ j/m fd¤s/ nB[;ko jBL ;koDh 13L ;ehw nXhB o'irko f;oiD ;wK Ubk Upo

ngq?b, 2018 s'A wkou, 2019 11135 7746

ngq?b, 2019 s'A ;szpo, 2019 27105 8527

e[ZbL 5451 gµikp j[Bo ftek; fwPB

gµikp j[Bo ftek; fwPB sfjs uko :'iBktK bkr{ ehshnK ik ojhnK jB fiBQK dk T[d/P ftneshnK, yk; eoe/ B"itkBK d/ j[Bo ;w{jK ƒ fte;s eoBk j?, sK i' T[BQK tk;s/ o[Irko d/ fpjso w"e/ :ehBh pDkJ/ ik ;eD. 2019^20 (30 Btµpo 2019 s¤e) dhnK ;ehwK dhnK gqkgshnK dk t/otk j/mK nB[;ko j?L

;koDh 14L gzikp j[Bo ftek; fw;aB dhnK gqkgshnK

bVh BzL

;ehw dk Bkw T[whdtkoK dh e[Zb frDsh

f;fyns nD^f;fyns gqwkfDs fB:[esh

1 dhB fdnkb T[gfXnkfJ e';afbnk :'iBk

1439 907 1190 740

2 B?;aBb nopB bkfJtbhj[Zv fw;aB

9300 4212 4367 841

3 gqXkB wzsoh e';afbnk ftek; :'iBk

16431 8069 11580 4790

T[go'es ;ehwK ƒ bkr{ eoB bJh, okPNoh j[Bo ftek; fBrw ns/ gµikp j[Bo ftek; fwPB d/ ;fj:'r Bkb f;ybkJh GkrhdkoK ƒ brkfJnk frnk ;h. nkT[D tkb/ ;kb ft¤u fwPB d/ NhfunK ƒ j/mK fd¤s/ rJ/ jBL

;koDh 15L nkT[D tkb/ ;kb ftZu j[Bo ftek; fw;aB d/ Nhu/

bVh BzL

;ehw dk Bkw e[Zb T[whdtkoK dh frDsh f;fyns gb/;v

1 dhB fdnkb T[gfXnkfJ e';afbnk :'iBk

13865 10400

2 B?;aBb nopB bkfJtbhj[Zv fw;aB

12500 12500

3 gzikp j?ohN/I ns/ N{foiaw gqw';aB p'ov

4000 2800

j[Bo ftek; ftu j'o gfjbedwhnK

239

pj[^j[Bo ftek; e/AdoL ;oeko t¤b'A nµsookPNoh g¤Xo dhnK T[¤sw j[Bo f;ybkJhnK bJh b[fXnkDk, ibµXo, nµfwqs;o, pfmµvk ns/ j[fPnkog[o fty/ 60 eo'V o[gJ/ dh bkrs Bkb 5 pj[^j[Bo ftek; e/AdoK dh T[;koh ehsh rJh ;h. f;js ;?eNo j[Bo e/AdoL f;js ;?eNo Bkb ;µpµXs T[¤sw j[Bo f;ybkJh d/D bJh gµikp ft¤u nµfwqs;o, gfNnkbk ns/ cohde'N fty/ ;oekoh w?vheb ekbiK ftu 3 f;js y/so j[Bo e/Ado th ;Ekgs ehs/ rJ/ jB. g/Av{ j[Bo e/AdoL gµikp Pfjoh ftek; nEkoNh okjhA gµikp d/ g/Av{ y/soK ft¤u ;fEs ;oekoh ;hBhno ;?eµvoh$ jkJh ;e{bK fty/ 198 g/Av{ j[Bo e/Ado ;Ekgs $ fBowkD ehs/ rJ/ jB. fJ; ;w/A t¤y^t¤y ;ehwK nXhB j[Bo f;ybkJh d/D bJh t¤y t¤y f;ybkJh GkJhtkbK ƒ 78 g/Av{ j[Bo e/Ado nbkN $ ;"Ag/ rJ/ jB.

240

gzikp B{z Gkos dh nBki gNkoh wzfBnk iKdk j?. gzikp dk G{r'fbe y/so Gkos d/ e[b y/so dk 1H53 ch;dh j? T[E/ fJ; B/ ;kb 2018^19 ftu e/Adoh nBki Gzvko ftu uktb ns/ eDe dk eqwtko 25H53 ch;dh ns/ 35H45 ch;dh fjZ;k gkfJnk j?. gzikp dh y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs feZs/ T[u seBheh jB i' fe e[b oki w[Zb tkXk (ihHn?;HthHJ/) (2019^20) dk 28H1 ch;dh dk :'rdkB gk fojk j? ns/ fJ; dh 26 ch;dh feos Pesh (2017^18) B{z th o[Irko gqdkB eo fojk j?. ;kb 2017^18 ftu uktb ns/ eDe dk MkV ;w[Zu/ Gkos ftu'A ;G s'A tX/o/ ;h. ;kb 2016^17 ftu Bkpkov d/ ;ot/yD w[skfpe Gkos d/ okiK ftZu'A, gzikp ftu y/shpkVh gfotkoK dh ;G s'A tX/o/ wkf;e n";s nkwdB ;h. fJj tZy tZy sZEK tb'A ;zGt pDkfJnk frnk j? fiBQK ftu Pkfwb jB L^ 1H g{oB o{g ftu ftef;s f;zukJh ;[ftXktK fit/A fe e[Zb |;bh y/so dk 99 ch;dh

y/so f;zikJh nXhB j'Dk. 2H w[cs fpibh dh T[gbpXsk, fi; B/ f;zikJh ftu fBZih fBt/P B{z T[sPkfjs ehsk j?. 3H T[u seBheh y/sh wPhBheoD 4H ;zd ;kXBK dh GothA T[gbpXsk fit/A fe o;kfJDe ykdK, ehN BkPe, ns/ T[ZBs

fe;w d/ phi i' fe jo/ fJBebkp d/ ;w/A s'A tZX s'A tZX w[jZJhnk eotkJ/ ik oj/ jB.

5H ;N'o/i ;[ftXktK, fB:fws wzvhnK dk T[u fte;s skDkpkDk ns/ yohd ;[ftXktK ;w/s T[fus wzvheoB p[fBnkdh YKukL

fJ; y/so ftZu 2018^19 d/ w[ekpb/ 2019^20 ftu wkw{bh fBxko do;kfJnk j? i' fe w[Zy o{g ftu |;bh y/shpkVh ;?eNo ftu ;[zr/V ekoB j'fJnk j?. fJj fgSb/ ;kbK ftu tX/o/ n;fEosk ekoB tkgfonk j?, fi; eoe/ tZvh ftfGzBsk d/ jZe ftZu dbhb j'o T[fus ;kps j'Jh j?.

fJ; T[d/P bJh d' pdb j' ;ed/ jBL 1H c;bh ftfGzBsk L uktb ns/ eDe T[go tX/o/ fBoGosk d/ fgS'eV ftu fJ; dh Io{os j? ns/ fJjBK |;bK dh gqsZy s"o s/ xNdh MkV, Gkt/A fe ;w[Zu/ Gkos ftu fJj ;G s'A tX/o/ j?. tXhe o{g ftu M'B/ dh ekPs gkDh nkXkfos j? ns/ i' fe w[|s fpibh T[gbZpXsk Bkb i[Vh j'Jh j?, fJ; B/ gzikp d/ IwhBh gkDh ;o'sK d/ d[oT[g:'r ftu tkXk ehsk j?. M"B/ dh fBozso ekPs bJh ;pwo;hpb gzgK dh Io{os j't/rh i' tX/o/ wfjzrh j? ns/ ;hwKsh ns/ xZN IwhBK tkb/ fe;kBK bJh w[Pfeb j't/rk.pkrpkBh d/ Bkb Bkb dkbK ns/ s/bphI c;bh ftfGzBsk d/ sohfenK ti'A ezw eod/ jB. 2H ;pzXs y/soK tZb gq;EkBL ftP/P o{g ftu gP{XB y/so fJe bkj/tzdK ;o's j? i' fe fgSb/ ;kbK d/ wIp{s ftek; T[Zgo nkXkfos j?. fJj y/so tksktoD spdhbhnK bJh xZN B[e;kBd/j th j?.

nfXnkfJ 2L y/shpkVh, ;pzXs feZs/ ns/ g/Av{ ftek;

241

2H1 G{fwek

y/shpkVh ;?eNo Bk e/tb y[oke ;[oZfynk ns/ tXhnk g'PD B{z :ehBh pDk e/ wjZstg{oB G{fwek ndk eodk j? ns/ fJ;d/ Bkb Bkb fJj rohph B{z jNkT[D, g/Av{ nkofEesk B{z T[GkoB ns/ ;wki d/ tZv/ fjZ;/ B{z o[Irko w[jZJhnk eotkT[D ftu th wjZstg{oB G{fwek ndk eo fojk j?.

y/shpkVh ;?eNo gzikp dh nkofEesk dh ohV dh jZvh j?. ;kb 2011^12 ns/ 2018^19 d"okB y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs ;?eNoK dk ihHn?;HthHJ/ ftZu n";sB 30# :'rdkB gkfJnk frnk.feos Pesh tesh ;ot/yD (ghHn?bHn?cHn?;) 2017^18 d/ nB[;ko y/shpkVh ;?eNo B/ gzikp dh ekoi Pesh ftZu fJZe u'EkJh s'A tZX Bz{ o'Irko fdZsk . fgSb/ fdBhA gzikp B/ yshpkVh ftZu Gkos B{z nBki dh ;wZf;nk ftu'A pkjo eZYD ftu wjZstg{oB G{fwek fBGkJh ;h ns/ Gkos B{z nBki T[sgkdB d/ y/so ftu ;t?^fBoGo pDkT[D ftu tZvh ;jkfJsk ehsh ;h. d/P ftZu eDe d/ e"wh T[sgkdB d/ wjZstg{oB :'rdkB ekoB gzikp B{z ni/ th d/P dh nBki gNkoh fejk iKdk j?, ;kb 2017^18 ftu e"wh gZXo *s/ gzikp dk 12 ch;dh s'A th xN oepk eDe dh ekPs nXhB ;h gqzs{ fJ; B/ d/P d/ eDe T[sgkdB ftu 18 ch;dh d/ brGr :'rdkB gkfJnk j?. fJ;/ ;kb ;{p/ B/ d/P d/ uktb Gzvko ftu 12 ch;dh dk :'rdkB gkfJnk j? id'A fe d/P d/ e[b M'B/ nXhB oep/ dk 7 ch;dh y/so gzikp ftu M'B/ dh ekPs nXhB ;h.gzikp, d/P ftZu uktb ns/ eDe dh eZ[b e/Adoh g{b yohd ftZu fJZe u"EkJh s'A th tZX :'rdkB gkT[dk j?. tX/o/ MkV ns/ T[sgkdesk B/ y/shpkVh gfotkoK bJh oki ftu tX/o/ nkwdB d/ okj y'bQ/ jB. Bkpkov nkb fJzvhnk o{ob ckfJBKf;anb fJzBefbTPiaB ;ot/ (NAFIS) B/ fJj rZb ;kjwD/ fbnKdh j? fe d/P ftu ;ko/ okiK ftu'A gzikp ftu y/shpkVh gfotkoK dh n";s wkf;e nkwdB ;G s'A tX/o/ j? ns/ jfonkDk tZv/ coe Bkb d{;o/ Bzpo *s/ j?.

2H2 ekor[Ikoh

;kb 2019^20 ftZu y/shpkVh ns/ fJ; Bkb ;pzXs y/soK d[nkok gzikp d/ e[b oki w[Zb tkXk (ihHn?;HthHJ/) ftZu 28H1# dk :'rdkB gkT[D dh T[whd j?, I' fe ;kb 2011^12 d[okB e[b oki w[Zb tkXk (ihHn?;HthHJ/) d/ 30H1# fjZ;/ ftZu wkw{bh froktN Bz{ do;kT[dk j? i' fe;/ th nkofEesk dh e[dosh spdhbh dh gqfefonk j?.nf;X/ s"o s/ y/shpkVh d{i/ y/soK ftZu fit/ fe T[d:'r ns/ ;/tktK ftZu fJBg[N; d/ e/ ( TdkjoB tZi'A ykd T[d:'r ns/ eZgVk T[d:'r

gzikp ftZu M'B/ ns/ eDe dk ;G s'A tX/o/

MkV

gzikp B/ nBki N'eoh ti'A e/Adoh nBki Gzvko g{b ftZu ;kb 2018^19 d"okB M'B/ dk 25# s'A tZX ns/ eDe dk 30# s'A tZX :'rdkB ehsk

j?.

242

y/so) fJ;dh ygs ftZu tkXk do;kT[dh j?. ;kb 2018^19 d"okB gzikp ftZu y/shpkVh ns/ fJ; Bkb ;pzXs y/soK ftZu 2H3# dh do Bkb tkXk j'fJnk j? ns/ T[whd ehsh ik ojh j? fe ;kb 2019^20 ftZu th fJ;/ soQK dh tkXk do doI ehsh ikt/rh.jkbKfe fJj do ;kb 2017^18 ftZu doI ehsh do Bkb'A xZN j?.i' fe ;kb 2012^13 s'A 2017^18 d"okB doI ehsh n";s tkXk do 2H2# Bkb'A ni/ th tZX j?/.;kb 2017^18 d"okB c;bh gkbD ;?eNo ftZu nkJh wzdh ekoB tkXk do ftZu froktN wfj;{; ehsh rJh. |;bheoB T[g^;?eNo dk oki d/ e[b oki w{Zb tkXk (ihHn?;HthHJ/H) ftu ;G s'A tZvk fjZ;k j? i' gzikp d/ ih n?; th J/ ftu 15 ch;dh s'A tX/o/ :'rdkB gk fojk j? ns/ y/shpkVh ihHn?;HthHJ/H dk nZX s'A tZX j?. c;bh ;?eNo dhnK ftek; doK ftubh jbub ;w[Zu/ ;?eNo dhnK ftek; doK dh jbub ftu th BIo nkT[Adh j? (fuZso 19). gqzs{ fJ; ;?eNo ftu ftek; ftu ;[zrVkT nkfJnk j?. ;kb 2019^20 d/ nB[wkB do;kT[Ad/ jB fe gzikp dk c;bh ih n?Z; th J/ ;kb 2018^19 ftu 0H3 ch;d d/ w[ekpb/ 0H2 ch;d xZN j'D dh ;zGktBk j?. tksktoD fJzBg[N; T[go fJ; ;?eNo dh tX/o/ fBoGosk B/ fJ; d/ ftek; doK ftu T[sokn uVQkn dh ;zGktBk B{z fbnKdk j?.

fuZso 19L gzikp ftu y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs feZfsnK dk tk;sfte ftek; do

;kXB L^ noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB, gzikp

d{;o/ gk;/ ;pzXs feZfsnK ftubk ftek; w[ekpbsB ;fEo fojk j?. fJj ;?eNo w[ekpbsB tksktktoD gfjb{nK T[go xZN fBoGo eod/ jB ns/ Bshi/ ti'A ;fEo ftek; do;kT[Ad/ jB.gP{ gkbD fJE/ fJZe wjZstg{oB ;?eNo j? fi;B/ ;kb 2012^13 ns/ 2018^19 dofwnkB 5H4# dk n";s tkXk doi ehsk sK fJ; ;?eNo d/ ;kb 2019^20 ftZu 6H9# tkXk doi eoB dh ;zGktBk j?.

fJj o'ue sZE j? fe y/sh Bkb i[VhnK rshftXhnK dk y/sh dk y/sh rshftXhnK dh e[b oki w[Zb tkXk (ihHn?;HthHJ/) ftZu fjZ;k tfXnk j?.fJj w[Zy s'o s/ gP[XB ;?eNo eoe/ j'fJnk j? .fJj fjZ;k ;kb 2011^12 ftZu 26H03# s'A tZX e/ ;kb 2019^20 ftZu 36H93# j' ikD dh ;zGktBk j?(

-8%

-3%

2%

7%

12%

2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020

y/shpkVh ns/ fJ; Bkb ;pzXs rshftXhnk ftZu c;bK d[nkok ehsk tkXk

y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs rshftXhnK c;bK

g;{XB izrbks ns/ bkfrzr

wZSh cVBK

243

fuZso 20L y/sh Tg ;?eNoK dk :'rdkB) fJj y/sh Bkb ;pzXs ;?eNoK dk ckow nkwdB ns/ o[Irko ftZu tkX/ dh tZXdh wjZssk do;kT[Adk j?.

fuZso 20 L y/shpkVh d/ ;p ;?eNoK dk fjZ;k

;kXB L^ noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB, gzikp

2H3 o[Irko

feos Pesh tesh ;ot/yD (ghHn?bHn?cHn?;) 2017^18 d/ w[skfpe gzikp dk y/shpkVh ;?eNo e"wh gZXo s/ 15 ;kb s'A tZX T[wo d/ 44H14 ch;d d/ w[ekpb/ 26 ch;d ekfwnK (:{i[nb fgqaz;hgb n?Av ;pf;vh nko ;N/N; d/ w[ekpb/) B{z o[Irko w[jZJhnk eotkT[Adk j?. fJj rZb gqsZy j? fe okPNoh gZXo d/ w[ekpb/ gzikp y/sh ;?eNo ftZu e[Zb oki w[Zb tkX/ d/ fjZ;/ B{z finkdk o[irko w[jZJhnk eotkT[dk j?. fJj fJ; gfjb{ s'A th d/fynk ik ;edk j? fe e"wh gZXo s/ gqsh 62 j?eN/no fJe No?eNo d/ w[ekpb/ gzikp ftu 8H71 j?eN/no ekPs:'r IwhB d/ w[ekpb/ fJe No?eNo j?. (r[bkNh, okJ/ ns/ j[;?B 2017)6

g/Av{ y/soK ftu fJj ;?eNo T[gihtek dk w[Ybk ;kXB j? fiE/ e[b g/Av{ ekfwnK dk 40H68 ch;d ekwk Pesh y/shpkVh ;?eNo ftu ekoi eodh j?. y/shpkVh ;?eNo ftu g/Av{ wod ns/ n"os ekfwnK dk nB[gks eqwtko 40H70 ch;d ns/ 40H57 ch;d j?.

2H4 y/shpkVh nkXkfos T[d:'r

oki dh T[u y/shpkVh T[sgkdesk B/ gzikp ftu y/sh nkXkfos :{fBNK dh ;EkgBk d/ tZv/ okj y'bQ/ jB.d/P d/ c{v gqk;?f;zr T[d:'r ;?eNo dhnK e[b ofi;Nov c?eNohnK ftu oki dk 7H31 ch;d fjZ;k j? (wfB;Noh nk| c{v gqk;?f;zr fJzv;Noh). fJj nKXok gqd/P, skfwbBkv{ ns/ s/bzrkBk s'A pknd u"Ek ;G s'A tZvk fjZ;k j? (n?wHUHn?cHghHnkJhH,2019)7. T[d:'rK d/ ;kbkBk ;ot/yD 2016^17 w[skfpe fJj gqk;?f;zr :{fBN (ykd^y[oke, bZeVh ns/ bZeVh T[sgkd,uZwVk

6 Gulati, A., Roy, R., & Hussain, S. (2017). Getting Punjab Agriculture Back on High Growth Path: Sources,

Drivers and Policy Lessons. ICRIER. 7 Ministry of Food Processing Industries, (2019). Annual Report 2018-19. Government of India

64.07%55.04%

26.03% 36.93%

9.16% 7.01%0.75% 1.02%

0.00%

20.00%

40.00%

60.00%

80.00%

100.00%

120.00%

2011-2012 2019-2020

oki d/ ihHn?;HthHJ/ ftZu gP{ gkbD ftZu tkXk doI ehsk ik fojk j?.

c;bK g;{XB izrbks ns/ bkfrzr wZSh cVBK

244

ns/ ;pzXs T[sgkd) T[sgkdB ;?eNo dh e[b oki w{b tkX/ dk 44 ch;d jB ns/ T[d:'rK d[nkok o[Irko ftu brkJh ekwk Pesh 46 ch;d B{z ezw fdzd/ jB (w";gh)8.nkfXnkJ/ 3 y/shpkVh ns/ T[d:'r y/so d/ ;pzX ftZu ft;Eko g{ote ftuko tzNkdok eodk j?.

2H5 y/shpkVh ;p^;?eNo

|;bheoB

G{wh tos'A dh soshp fuZso 21L G{wh tos'A Bw{Bk gzikp ftu e[b fog'fNzr y/so dk fjZ;k ;kb 1960 s'A pknd tX/o/ G{wh dk tZv/ fjZ;/ dh tos'A |;bh ekPsekoh bJh ehsh iKdh ojh j?. (fuZso^21) ;kb 2017^18 ftu 41H2 bZy j?eN/no noEks e[b fog'ofNzr y/so dk 82 ch;d ekPsekoh nXhB ;h. 1960^61 ftu pzio IwhB, tkjh:'r IwhB i' fe pzio IwhB s'A tZyoh j? T[j 6 ch;d ns/ 5 ch;d s'A ;kb 2017^18 ftu eqwtko 2 ch;d ns/ 1 ch;d s/ nk rJh j?. ;kb 1960^61 ns/ 2017^18 d/ dofwnkB ekPsekoh bJh T[gbpX IwhB ftu wkw{bh ewh nkJh j?. fJ; bJh ekPsekoh nXhB y/so ftu ft;sko dh pj[s jh ;hws r[zikfJP j?.

|;bh xDsk

fgSb/ ;kbK d"okB gzikp ftu |;bh xDsk uow ;hwK s/ gj[zu u[Zeh bZrdh j? ns/ jkb jh d/ ;kbK ftZu fJj 2010^11 s'A 2014^15 dofwnkB 190 s'A gjz[uD s'A pknd fJ; ftZu ewh nkJh j?. (fuZso^22) |;bh xDsk, e[b |;bh y/so dh fBo'b phi/ rJ/ y/so dk nB[gks j[zdh j? ns/ fJj n";s o{g ftu do;kT[Adh j? fe ;kb d"okB oepk fezBh tko ekPse ehsh rJh j?. TZ[u |;bh xDsk do;kT[Adh j? fe c;bh y/so B{z ;kb ftu fJe tko s'A tZX tko ekPs ehsk ik fojk j?. ;kb 1990^91 s'A 1994^95 d"okB c;bh xDsk 180 ch;d s'A ;kb 2010^11 s'A 2014^15 d"okB 190 ch;d s/ gj[zu rJh j?. sd s'A jh oki B/ fJ; T[u gZXoh c;bh xDsk B{z ;cbskg{ote poeoko oZfynk j?. fJ; d/ w[ekpb/ ftu c;bh xDsk e"wh gZXo *s/ 1990^91 ftu 130H01 ch;d s'A tZX s'A 2014^15 ftu 141H55 ch;d s/ gj[zu rJh j?. fJj gqsZy j? fe e"wh gZXo d/ o[MkBK d/ w[ekpb/ gzikp ftu T[;/ G{wh B{z phiD dk pj[gZyh uZeo tX/o/ gqpb j?.

8 MoSPI. (n.d.). Annual Survey of Industries 2016-17. Industrial Statistics Wing, Data Processing Division, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.

1%13%

5% 6%

75%

5% 11%1% 2%

82%

tD Bk ekPs:'r ukb{ pKM G'As'A fJbktkj'o ek;s:''r oepk

pKaM G" phfinkfBo'b oepk

fInkdkso IwhB c;bK dh ekPs bJh ;wogs j?.

1960-61 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2017-18

;kXBL noE ns/ nzeVK, ;zrmB

245

fuZso 22 L gzikp ftu n";s c;bh xDsk (gzi ;kbk n";s) (ch;d # ftZu)

;kXB L^ Gkosh okiK ;pzXh nzeVk ftfrnkB dh nko ph nkJh g[;fsek^G{wh tos'A c;bh xDsk dk oki nB[;ko Bw{Bk

|;bh soshp ekPs:'r oep/ dk tZvk fjZ;k nBkiK dh ekPsekoh ftP/P eoe/ uktb ns/ eDe bJh tofsnk iKdk j?. ;kb 2018^19 ftu e[b ekPs:'r G{wh dk brGr 93 ch;d y/so nBkiK dh ekPsekoh bJh tofsnk frnk ;h fi; ftu fSbe/ tkb/ nBki ns/ dkbK Pkfwb jB. e[b ekPs:'r y/so d/ 5H14 ch;d y/so ftZu egkj dk T[sgkdB ehsk frnk ;h ns/ rzBk ns/ cbK dh ekPsekoh bJh e[b ekPs:'r oep/ d/ eqwtko bZrGr 1 ch;d G{wh dh tos'A ehsh rJh ;h. eDe^M'B/ d/ T[sgkdB dh ;[fBPfus nkwdB (n?wHn?;Hgh) d/ ekoB phs/ ;kbK d"okB e[b c;bh y/so ftu fJjBK d/ fjZ;k dk tkXk j'fJnk j?. d{;o/ gk;/ dkbK, wZeh, s/b tkb/ phiK ns/ d{;ohnK |;bK d/ fjZ;/ ftu gzikp ftu ftP/P o{g ftu ewh nkJh j?. (;koDh^16)

;koDh^16 L |;bh y/so dk |;b w[skfpe gqshPs fjZ;k

;kXBL y/shpkVh ns/ fe;kB GbkJh vkfJoeN'o/N, gzikp

nBki ns/ s/b phi

180.48

185.94 186.76188.56 190.1 189.8

19

90

-91

to

19

94

-95

19

95

-96

to

19

99

-00

20

00

-01

to

20

04

-05

20

05

-06

to

20

09

-10

20

10

-11

to

20

14

-15

20

15

-16

to

20

16

-17

c;bkA 1960-61 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2018-19

M'Bk 4H8# 6H9# 17H5# 26H9# 31H3# 39H6#

wZeh 6H9# 9H8# 5H6# 2H5# 2H1# 1H4#

pkiok 2H69# 3H7# 1# 0H2# 0H1# 0#

eDe 27H3# 40H5# 41H6# 43H6# 43H1# 44H9#

i"A 1H4# 1# 0H9# 0H5# 0H3# 0H1#

dkbkA 19H1# 7H3# 5# 1H9# 0H7# 0H4#

s/b phi 3H9# 5H2# 3H7# 1H5# 1H1# 0H5#

rzBk 2H8# 2H3# 1# 1H3# 1H8# 1H2#

egkj 9H4# 7# 9H6# 9H3# 7H6# 5H1#

;pIhnK 1H2# 0H9# 1H1# 0H7# 1H3# 3H3#

cb 0H6# 0H6# 0H4# 0H8# 0H5# 1H1#

j'o c;bkA 17H7# 14H8# 12H6# 10H8# 10H1# 2H4#

246

gzikp ftu e[b |;bh y/so dk tZvk fjZ;k nBkiK d/ T[sgkdB bJh tofsnk iKdk j? ns/ nBki T[sgkdB ftu tZvk y/so w[Zy o{g ftu eDe ns/ M'B/ dhnK |;bK bJh tofsnk iKdk j?. fJj wZ[y o{g ftu fJjBK d' |;bK bJh fe;kBK B{z w[jZJhnk eotkJh iKdh xZN' xZN ;woEB w[Zb ekoB :ehBh nkofEe gqkgsh j?. fJ; bJh ;kb 2018^19 ftu |;bh T[sgkdB bJh tos/ rJ/ e[b 78H3 bZy j?eN/no y/so ftZu'A 40 ch;d M'Bk dh ekPsekoh ns/ 45 ch;d eDe dh ekPsekoh bJh tofsnk frnk ;h. eDe ns/ uktb bJh okyt/A ehs/ |;bh y/so d/ tZv/ fjZ;/ ekoB ns/ tX/o/ MkV ekoB gzikp B/ tX/o/ T[sgkdB ehsk j?. gqzs{ gzikp dh w"i{dk eDe ns/ uktb dh |;bh gqDkbh nkofEe ns/ tksktoD gZy' r?o wkce pD ojh j? feT[Afe fJ; Bkb G{wh dh T[gikT{ Pesh, gkDh d/ gZXo d/ j/mK ikD ns/ ekPsekoh bkrsK ftu tkX/ ekoB y/sh nkwdB ftu ewh nk ojh j?.

;koDh^17 L gzikp ftu gqw[Zy |;bK dk y/so ns/ T[sgkdB

y/socb (000 j?eN/no) T[sgkdB (000 whNoe NB)

c;bkA 2017^18 2018^19 pdbkn(#) 2017^18 2018^19 pdbkn(#)

nBki 6732H3 6769H8 0H56# 31693 31535 ^0H50#

;hohnb 6701H4 6739H9 0H57# 31666 31507 ^0H50#

uktb 3064 3103 1H27# 13377 12822 ^4H15#

eDe 3512 3520 0H23# 17830 18262 2H42#

wZeh 115 109 ^5H22# 427 396 ^7H26#

dkb 30H9 29H8 ^3H56# 27 28 3H70#

S'b/ 1H9 1H9 0H00# 2 3 50H00#

j'o dkbkA 29 27 ^6H90# 25 25 0H00#

s/b phi 40H6 39H7 ^2H22# 60H8 59H6 ^1H97#

w{zrcbh 1 1 0H00# 2H5 2H6 4H00#

j'o s/b phi 39H6 38H7 ^2H27# 58H3 57 ^2H23#

rzBk 97 95 ^2H06# 8078 7774 ^3H76#

egkj 291 268 ^7H90# 1283 1223 ^4H68#

e[Zb phihnk y/socb 7825 7830 0H06# 41114H8 40591H6 ^1H27#

;kXBL y/shpkVh ns/ fe;kB GbkJh vkfJoeN'o/N, gzikp

fuZso 23L gzikp ns/ Gkos ftu |;b w[skfpe MkV 2017^18(feb'rqkw$j?eN/noK ftu)

247

;kXB L g'eNp[e nkc n?rohebuob ;N?fN;fNe;,2018

gzikp dk ;w{Zu/ Gkos dh s[bBK ftZu nBki, dkbK ns/ s/bphIk dk tX/o/ MkV fuZso^23 ftZu do;kfJnk frnk j?.don;b gzikp ftZu nBki dk MkV ;G s'A tZX j?.gzikp B/ joh eqKsh dh P[o{nks s'A pknd c;bK dk MkV tXkT[D ftZu wjZstg{oB soZeh ehsh j?(;koDh 18). fJj TZ[u T[Zgi tkbhnK fe;wK d/ phI, ykd ns/ ehNBkPeK dh shpo tos'A ns/ wPhBheoB tkbh y/sh ;zdK ns/ f;zikJh d/ pj[s finkdk ft;Eko dk Bshik j?.jkb dh xVh eDe ns/ M'B/ d/ MkV ftZu yV's doi ehsh rJh j? fJj c;bh ftfGzBsk dk fJZe j'o ekoB j? (nfXnkJ/ 1 ftZu d/y'). s/bphI ns/ dkbK c;bh ftfGzBsK bJh fJZe j'o pdb j' ;ed/ jB.(pke;^7)

;koDh 18 L^ gzikp ftu c;b w[skfpe MkV (feb'rqkw$j?eN/noK ftu)

2661

8411270

4733

9051467

nBki dkbK s/b phIK

gzikp ftZu nBki, dkbK ns/ s/b phiK dk tX/o/ MkV dk Gkos Bkb nB[gks

Gkos gzIkp

248

;kXB L y/shpkVh ns/ fe;kB GbkJh vkfJo?eN'o/N, gzikp

;kb 1960-61 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11 2018-19

uktb 1009 1765 2733 3229 3506 3828 4132

eDe 1244 2237 2730 3715 4563 4693 5188

wZeh 1135 1555 1602 1784 2793 3707 3625

rzBk 33956 40442 49739 55369 60844 70059 81828

egkj 269 371 309 463 430 641 776

249

s/b phikA ns/ dkbkA d/ c;bh y/so dk gqsh;as fjZ;/ ftZu ekcah froktN nkJh j? (;koDh 16). c;bh y/so ftu dkbkA dk fjZ;k ;kb 1960^61 ftu 19H1# s'A xN e/ ;kb 2018^19 ftu 0H4# ofj frnk.fJ;/ d"okB s/b phikA dk fjZ;k 3H9# s'A xN e/ 0H5# ofj frnk.fJj froktN w[Zy s"o s/ eDe ns/ M'B/ d/ T[sgkdB s/ g/;ae;a ehsh n?wHn?;Hgh d/ o{g ftZu gZeh nkwdBh ti'A eDe ns/ M'B/ dh ek;as eoB bJh gzikp d/ fe;kBkA dh soihj j?. ek;as nXhB ;[zrV oj/ y/so ekoB s/b phikA ns/ dkbkA dk T[sgkdB th xfNnk j?. gzikp ftu dkbkA dk T[sgkdB 1960^61 ftu 7,09,000 NB s'A xN e/ 2018^19 ftu 27,700 NB foj frnk ns/ s/b phikA dk T[sgkdB 1,21,000 NB s'A xN e/ 59,600 NB ofj frnk. fJj e/Ado ;oeko tb'A s/b phikA ns/ dkbkA dh dokwd d/ fgS'eV ftu wjZstg{oB j?. vkfJo?eN'o/N iBob nkca ewno;ahnb fJzB?bhi?A; ns/ ;N?N;fNe; d[nkok gqek;as ;kb 2017^18 d/ nkoiah nB[wkBkA nB[;ko dkbkA dh Gkosh dokwd dh ehws 28,523H18 eo'V o[gJ/ ;h ns/ s/b phikA dh ehws 393H75 eo'V o[gJ/ ;h. gzikp ftu dkbkA ns/ s/b phikA d/ e"wh n";sB MkV Bkb'A tZX j'D d/ pkti{d (fuZso 23), e/Ado ;oeko Gkos ftu s/b phikA ns/ dkbkA dh tX ojh xo/b{ wzr B{z g{ok eoB bJh gzikp ftu n?wHn?;HghH ns/ fJBQK c;bK dh gqGktPkbh yohdheoB s/ fpjso fonkfJskA d/ e/ oki dh ;zGktBk B{z T[Zfus eoB edw u[Ze ;edh j?. Gkos ftZu ;G s'A tZX dkbkA g?dk eoB tkb/ oki wZX gqd/P, oki;EkB ns/ wjkok;aNo jB. ;G s'A tZX s/b phi T[sgkdB tkb/ oki wZX gqd/;a, oki;EkB ns/ r[ioks jB. i/ gzikp ftu s/b phikA ns/ dkbkA dk T[sgkdB u'Nh d/ fszB T[sgkde okikA dh do Bkb tfXnk sK ;kb 2022^23 ftZu s/b phiK ns/ dkbK dk T[sgkdB n";sB ;kb 1990^91 ns/ 2016^17 d/ T[sgdkB s'A d[ZrDk j' ikt/rk (fuZso 24)H fJj c;bK ;G s'A tZX g?dkeoB tkb/ j'oBK okiK d/ n";s tkX/ (14# dkbK ns/ 12# s/b phi) fojk j? ns/ Gkos dk fJBQK c;bK dk 2009^18 dk n";s nk:ks brksko tXdk fojk j?. fJ; ;zdoG ftZu gzikp dkbK d/ 621H33 eo'V o[gJ/ ns/ s/b phiK d/ 5221H60 eo'V o[gJ/ dh ;kb 2027 sZe pZus eoB ftZu wZdd eo ;edk j?. d{i/ ;apdK ftZu fJ; ;kb 818 fwbhnB vkbo dh ftd/;ah w[dok dh pZus j' ;edh j?.

fuZso 24 L gzikp dhnK dkbK ns/ s/bphiK d/ T[sgkdB d/ tkX/ ns/ ;G s'A tZX T[sgdkB tkb/ okiK (jiakoK NB ftZu) dk tkX/ d/ nkXko s/ nB[wkB

;kXB L dkbK ns/ s/bphiK d/ oki nXkfos T[sgkdB, Gkosh okiK d/ nzefVmnK dh j?Avp[Ze 2019, foiot p?Ae nkca fJzvhnk d/ nXkos fj;kp

38 43 49 56 64 7384

96110

125

3333 3434 34 34 34 34 35 350

20406080

100120140

20

18

20

19

20

20

20

21

20

22

20

23

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24

20

25

20

26

20

27

dkbK

65 73 82 92 103116130146164

184

58 58 58 59 59 59 59 59 60 600

50

100

150

200

20

18

20

19

20

20

20

21

20

22

20

23

20

24

20

25

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27

s/bphiK

u'Nh d/ fszB okiK dh ftek; dogzikp dh n";sB ftek; do

pke; 7L gzikp ftZu s/bphIK ns/ dkbK dh ;zGKth ekPsekoh

250

pkrpkBh phs/ tfoQnK d"okB ;pIhnK ns/ nBki T[sgdkB bJh Pkwb y/so ftu tkXk j'fJnk j? ns/ c;bK nXhB oepk seohpB T[Bk jh fojk j?. (;koDh^19) gzikp ftfGzB y/shpkVh ibtk:{ I'BK dk y/so j? i' tZy^tZy tzBrhnK d/ cbK fit/A fe feB{z, fwZmk ;zsok, nwo{d, BkPgsh, bhuh, nzp ns/ nkV{ d/ T[sgkdB bJh :'r j?. fJj PBkys ehsh rJh j? fe y/shpkVh ftu c;bh uZeo ftu ftfGzBsk fbnkT[D bJh w"i{dk fSbek nkXkos nBkiK d/ T[sgkdB s'A fXnkB jNk e/ T[u ehws tkbhnK tgkoe pk}pkBh |;bK T[rkT[D TZ[go fXnkB e/Adfos eoBk j't/rk, feT[Afe pk}pkBh ftu gqkgs ehsh gqsh j?eN/no nkwdB fSbe/ tkb/ nBkiK ns/ dkbK Bkb'A tX/o/ j?. fJ; ;?eNo dh wjZssk B{z gSkDfdnK, gzikp d/ pk}pkBh ftGkr B/ nzfwqs;o ftu nNkoh fty/ g';N ro?i{J/N fJz;NhfuT{PB nk| jkoNhebuo fo;ou n?Av n?i{e/PB dh ;Ekgsh bJh 100 J/eV G{wh dh PBkys ehsh j?. fJj ;z;Ek gzikp ;oeko Bkb GkJhtkbh d[nkok fJzvhnB e"A;b |ko n?rohebuo fo;ou (nkJh ;h J/ nko) d[nkok ;Ekfgs ehsh ikt/rh. fJ; s'A fJbktk G{zrk (j[fPnkog[o) pkdb (;qh w[es;o ;kfjp) np'jo ns/ Nkjbhtkbk iZNK (ckfIbek) fty/ gzi yZN/ o; tkbhnK gqiksh fwbyK ;Ekfgs ehshnK rJhnK jB. fJj fwbyK brGr 38H011 j?eN/no oep/ B{z eto eoBrhnK ns/ fJ; T[d/P bJh 8,035 fe;kBK B{z ofi;Nov ehsk frnk j?.

;koDh 19 L^ pkrpkBh c;bK dk y/so, T[sgkdB ns/ MkV

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(#) 2017^18 2018^19 pdbkn

(#) 2017^18 2018^19 pdbkn

(#)

cb 83660 86774 4# 1784589 1856845 4# 21332 21399 0H31#

feBz{ 51649 53359 3# 1208423 1254328 4# 23397 23507 0H47#

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bhuh 2708 2899 7# 43958 47130 7# 16233 16257 0H15#

nwo{d 8692 9172 6# 195597 206777 6# 22506 22544 0H17#

BkPgksh 3165 3332 5# 72779 76668 5# 22995 23010 0H07#

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nkb{p[ykok

289 315 9# 5114 5590 9# 17697 17747 0H28#

nzr{o 287 289 1# 8229 8261 0# 28674 28584 -0H31#

p/o 1516 1636 8# 25436 27503 8# 16779 16811 0H19#

nkAtbk 560 605 8# 7698 8286 8# 13746 13697 -0H36#

e/bk 91 93 2# 5273 5388 2# 57943 57940 -0H01#

nzp 6896 7007 2# 116515 118455 2# 16896 16905 0H05#

;kXB L noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB, gzikp

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251

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gP{^XB

y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs feZfsnK nXhB gP{ gkbD fJe pj[s jh bkj/tzd T[g^;?eNo j?. ;kb 2019^20 ftu 36H93 ch;d d/ fjZ;/ Bkb fJj ;?eNo y/shpkVh e[Zb w{b tkX/ (ihHthHJ/) bJh d{;ok ;G s'A tZvk ;fj:'rh j?.fJ; ;kb 2018^19 ftZu 7H5# dh do Bkb tkXk j'fJnk j? id fe fJ; d/ w[ekpb/ c;bheoD ftZu ewh d/yh rJh j?.fJ; B/ |;bh uZeo ftu ;[zrVkU d/ w[ekpb/ 2019^20 ftu brGr 7H5 ch;dh tkX/ dh do do;kJh j?. ;kb 2012^13 s'A 2019^20 d/ d"okB gP{^XB y/so B/ |;bh y/sh ;?eNo d/ 5H40 ch;dh d/ w[ekpb/ 0H8 ch;dh d/ n";s ftek; B{z doi eotkfJnk j?, e[dosh gfjb{nK T[go ;p^;?eNo dh xZN fBoGosk fit/A fe po;ks, G{wh tzBrh ns/ tksktoD gq;fEshnK fJ; B{z nkwdB tkX/ dk tX/o/ ;fEo ;kXB pDkT[AdhnK jB. fJ; s'A fJbktk |;bheoB d/ w[ekpb/ fJj feZs/ e[dosh nkcsK s'A xZN gqGkfts j[zd/ jB. fJj ;p^;?eNo nkwdB dk wjZstg{oB ftebg j? ns/ gzikp d/ g/Av{ gfotkoK bJh w[ezwb$gkoN NkJhw o[Irko dk ;kXB j?. Gkos ftu (2012^13) y/shpkVh gfotkoK dh nkwdB, you, T[sgkdB, ;zgshnK ns/ eoI/ ;pzXh n?BHn?;Hn?;HUH fog'N d/ w[skfpe gzikp gP{^XB s'A 5,303 o[gJ/ n";s wk;e nkwdB gqkgs eoB tkbk d{;ok oki j?, jfonkDk 6,089 o[gJ/ dh wkf;e nkwdB tkbk gfjbK oki j?. gP{^XB s'A gqkgs j'D tkbh e[b n";s wkf;e gqkgshnK ftZu'A 91H6 ch;dh dk :'rdkB e/tb d[ZX T[sgkdB d[nkok gkfJnk frnk j?. gP{^XB rDBk^2019 d/ w[skpe Gkos d/ e[Zb gP{^XB dk 1H3 ch;dh fjZ;k gzikp dk j?. gP{^XB frDsh ftu ;G s'A tZvk fjZ;k (57H4ch;dh) wZMk dk j? ns/ fJ; s'A pknd d'rbh B;b ns/ d/;h B;b d/ gP{ nkT[Ad/ jB (fuZso^25) d'rbh B;b d/ gP{nK dk fjZ;k ;kb 2012 ftu 25H4 ch;dh s'A tX e/ 2019 ftu 29H3 ch;dh j' frnk j?. fJ; s'A gP{nK dh T[u T[sgkdesk d/ tXd/ fjZ;/ dk gsk th brdk j?. gP{nK dh T[u^T[sgkdesk d/ tXd/ fjZ;/ s'A fJj sZE ;kjwD/ nkT[Adk j? fe ;kb 2018^19 (n?BHvhHvhHphH)9 ftu gzikp ftu d[ZX dh gqsh rqkw T[gbZpXsk d/P ftu ;G s'A tZX j?. gzikp dk Gkos dh e[Zb g'bNoh ftZu 2H1 ch;dh dk fjZ;k j?.

fuZso 25L gzikp dh w[ezwb gP{^XB ftu gP{nk dk fjZ;k

9 National Dairy Development Board. (nd). Per capita availability of Milk by States. Available at



252

;kXBL^ tZy^tZy ;kbK *s/ nXkos gP{^XB rDBk

;koDh^20L gzikp ftu d[ZX,whN ns/ nzvk d/ T[sgkdB ftu ftek;

;kXBL^ w{ZYb/ gP{gkbD nzeV/,2019

gzikp ftu ;kb 2017^18 ftu 5H1 ch;dh d/ w[ekpb/ 2018^19 ftu d[ZX T[sgkdB ftu 6H3 ch;dh dk tkXk j'fJnk. ;kb 2018^19 d"okB nzvk T[sgkdB fgSb/ ;kb d/ 9H3 ch;dh d/ w[ekpb/ 7 ch;dh dk tkXk j'fJnk. gqzs{ whN T[sgkdB B/ 2018^19 ftu fgSb/ ;kb d/ 10H8 ch;dh tkX/ d/ w[ekpb/ 16H3 ch;dh dk fBxko doi eotkfJnk. ;kb 2013^14 s'A 2018^19 d/ ;w/A d"okB gzikp ftu d[ZX, whN ns/ nzv/ T[sgkdB ftZu eqwtko 4H4 ch;dh 1H9 ch;dh ns/ 6H8 ch;dh dk n";s tkXk do;kfJnk frnk j?. ;kb 2012^13 s'A 2016^17 d/ ;w/A d"okB d[ZX T[skgdB dh ehws ftu (ukb{ ehwsK s/) 11H6 ch;dh dk n";s tkXk j'fJnk j?. id'A fe whN ns/ whN^T[sgkdBK d/ T[sgkdB w[Zb ftu 12H3 ch;dh dk n";s tkXk j'fJnk j?. nzv/ ns/ g'bNoh ;?eNo B/ T[skgdB w[Zb ftu 12H4 ch;dh dh n";s tkXk do doi j'fJnk j?. fJ; s'A gzikp d/ gP{XB T[sgkdB d/ g;ko ns/ ehws ftu tkX/

17.8%25.4% 29.3%

5.9%4.5%

6.1%

69.6%63.6% 57.4%

6.7% 6.5% 7.2%

2003 2012 2019

gzikp d/ gP{XB ftZu wZMK dk fjZ;k ;G s'A tZX j?.

nzso iksh gP{ d/Ph gP{ wZMk j'o

nkT[Ng[ZN tkXk

;kb

d[ZX (000 NB)

whN (000 NB) nzv/ (bZy) d[ZX (#) whN (#) nzv/ (#

2012-13 9724 212 37911 2013-14 10011 235 43376 3# 10H8# 14H4#

2014-15 10351 237 42642 3H4# 0H9# -1H7#

2015-16 10774 250 44218 4H1# 5H5# 3H7#

2016-17 11282 249 47826 4H7# -0H4# 8H2#

2017-18 11855 276 52250 5H1# 10H8# 9H3#

2018-19 12599 231 55909 6H3# -16H3# 7#

253

dk gsk brdk j?. d[ZX T[sgkdB dh ehws B/ ;fEo ftek; do doi eotkJh id'A fe whN ns/ nzvk T[sgkdB dh ehws ftu T[sko^uVQkn doi ehs/ rJ/.

gzikp ;oeko, ;{p/ ftu ftP/P o{g ftu rT{ T[sgkdB ftu tkXk eoe/ gzikp B{z Gkos d/ v/noh ;{p/ ti'A fte;s eoB dk :sB eo ojh j?. gP{ gkbD ftGkr,gzikp d/ w[skpe ;kb 2018^19 ftu oki ftu 39,54,384 w;B{Jh thoi XkoB ehsk frnk ;h. gP{ f;js ;zGkb bJh gzikp e'b fJe ft;fsqs gP{ gkbD p[fBnkdh YKuk w"i{d j?. ;oeko e'b 1367 t?NoBoh j;gskb, 1489 ;EkJh fv;g?A;ohnK ns/ thoi XkoB :{fBN, 22 g'bhebhfBe, 1423 t?NoBoh n|;o ns/ 2,010 t?NoBoh nfXekoh dk B?Ntoe w"i{d j?. gzikp ftu gqsh 5619 gP{XB fgZS/ fJZe t?NoBoh ;z;Ek T[gbZpX j?.pfmzvk d/ okwg{okc{b fty/ t?NoBoh vkeNoK dhnK io{osK dh g{osh bJh fJZe BtK t?NoBoh ekbI ;Ekgs ehsk frnk.fJ; s'A fJbktk b[fXnkDk fty/ gzikp t?NoBoh Nhek ;z;EK Bz{ ihHn?wHgh d/ wkgdzvK nB[;ko ngrq/v ehsk ik fojk j?.gzikp ftZu gP{ ;z;EktK d/ p[fBnkdh YKu/ Bz{ wip{s eoB bJh oki ;oeko fpwkoh fB:zsoD, gP{nk ns/ gzShnK d/ gqzpXB ftZu ikro{esk ns// gP{ GbkJh gq'rokwK d/ ;zrmB bJh g;{ gkbD d/ ft;Eko bJh f;ybkJh g'qrokw bkr{ eo ojh j?. d/Ph B;bK dh ;zGkb bJh r'e{b fwPB sfjs Bt/A gq'i?eN th nkozG/ rJ/ jB.

gzikp d/ gP{ gkbD ftGkr dk gP{nK d/ ftek; bJh fJZe T[Zsw e/Ado o"Dh,gfNnkbk ns/ wZs/tkVk, b[fXnkDk fty/ wZMK d/ gkbD g'PD bJh pDkfJnk frnk j?.fJj ckow BkGk ns/ o'gV fty/ ;fEs d' nkJhHn?;HU ;oNhckfJv thoI p?eK Bz{ J?bhN pZbd w[jZJhnk eokT[D bJh pZbd wdo ckowK tZi'A ezw eod/ jB.

ftGkr e'b e[Zb/wkIok (gfNnkbk), e'Neg[ok (cohde'N), wZs/tkVk(b[fXnkDk) ftZy/ fszB, pZeohnK d/ gkbD g'PD bJh ckow th jB, fiE/ fe;kBk Bz{ pZeoh gkbD ns/ pZeoh d/ pZfunK dh B;b ;[Xko bJh f;ybkJh fdZsh iKdh j?.d' G/v gkbD g'PD ckow th pDkJ/ rJ jB fiBQK d[nkok, G/v gkbek dhnK io{osK Bz{ g{ok eoB bJh ns/ G/vK dh B;b d/ ;[Xko bJh B;bh G/vK dh ;gbkJh ehsh iKdh j?.

t?NoBoh Nhek fJz;NhuT{N,b[fXnkDk gP{nK ns/ g'bNohnK Bz{ S{s dh fpwkohnK d/ fB:zsoD bJh iht^ftfrnkBe T[sgkd w[jZJhnk eotkT[dK j?.;kb 2018^19 d"okB ;z;EK B/ p?eNhohnk $ tkfJob Nhe/ dhnK 162H98 bZy y[okeK ns/ 21120 fwbh bhNo n?ANhiB fsnko ehs/.

oki gP{ gkbek Bz{ jo wjhB/ d/ d{i/ wzrbtko ns/ p[ZXtko Bz{ pbke gZXoh fwbfezr w[ekpb/ eotk e[bhB d[Xko{ gP{nK Bz{ gkbD bJh T[sPkfjs eodk j?.

Gkos ;oeko B/ 2000^01 ftZu oki gP{ f;js ;z;Ek fty/ T[soh y/soh fpwkoh vkfJrB';fNe gq:'rPkbk ( n?BHnkoHvhHvhHn?b) dh ;EkgBk ehsh i' gzikp, jfonkDk, fjwkub gqd/P, oki;EkB, izw{ ns/ ePwho, fdZbh ns/ uzvhrVQ bJh fpwkoh d/ fBdkB ns/ fBrokBh d/ y/so ftZu fJZe o?cob gq:'rPkbk ti'A ezw eodh j?.

Gkos (2012^13) ftu y/shpkVh gfotkoK d/ nkwdB, you T[sgkdB ;fEshnK ns/ eoI/ d/ ;pzX ftu n?ZBHn?Z;Hn?Z;HUH dh fog'N w[skpe fJe w[Zy ekoB fJj j? fe gqw[Zy okik ftu gP{nK d/ gkbD ns/ ;KG^;zGkb T[Zgo nB[wkBs n";s wk;e you gzikp ftu ;G s'A tX/o/ noEks 3,561 o[gJ/

254

j?. gzikp ftu gP{nk dh ;KG^;zGkb ftu 82H9 ch;dh n";s wk;e you gP{ chv T[Zgo ehsk iKdk j? id'A fe ;op Gkosh gZXo s/ 77 ch;dh n";s wk;e you gP{ chv T[Zgo ehsk iKdk j?. w[ekpbsB gP{ chv T[Zgo gzikp ftu tX/o/ you dk tZvk ekoB fJj j? fe fJZE/ gP{ uokrkjK xZN jB ns/ tX/o/ soihj |;b T[sgkdB T[Zgo fdZsh iKdh j?. ;kb 2017^18 ftu gzikp d/ e[Zb G{r'fbe y/so10 dk 0H08 ch;dh y/so ;EkJh gP{ uokrkjK ti'A tofsnk frnk ;h.

wZSh gkbD

G{whrs G{r'fbesk ekoB gzikp ftu wZSh gkbD fJe wjZstg{oB ;p^;?eNo BjhA j?.fJj fuZso 26 s'A d/fynk ik ;edk j? fi; ftu ;kb 2017^18 bJh oki^w[skpe wZSh T[sgkdB do;kfJnk frnk j?.fit/A fe ;zGktBk j? T[; nB[;ko gzikp, pj[s ;ko/ sZNh okiK fit/A nKXok gqd/P, gZSwh pzrkb, r[ioks nkfd s'A fgZS/ j?. fJ; gqeko ;w[Zu/ y/shpVh ns/ ;pzXs feZfsnK d/ e[b oki w{b tkX/ (ihHn?Z;HthHJ/) (;kb 2019^20 ftu 1H02 ch;dh) ftubk ;hws :'rdkB e'Jh j?okBh tkbh rZb BjhA j?. fJ; B/ ;kb 2012^13 ns/ 2017^18 dofwnkB ;bkBk n";s ftek; d/ 4H77 ch;dh d/ Bkb^Bkb ;kb 2019^20 ftu 2H52 ch;dh dh do Bkb ftek; ehsk j?.

fuZso 26 L ;kb 2017^18(nkoih) ftu wZSh T[skgdB, NBK ftu

;kXBL^ y/shpkVh d/ nzeV/, fJe Mbe, 2018

jkbKfe, T[gbpZX ;o'sK d/ w[ekpb/ wZSh T[sgdkB B{z fXnkB ftZu oZyfdnK, gzikp tXhnK gqdo;aB eodk j?. id'A fe gzikp ftZu gkDh d/ ;o'sK ftZu wZSh T[sgdkB gqsh j?eN/no 6H7 NB ;h,Xosh j/mb/ gkDh d/ nzdo{Bh ib ;o'sK tkb/ okiK11 dk n";s wZSh T[sgkdB gqsh j?eN/no 2H1 NB ;h. gzikp f;oca jfonkDk s'A fgS/ ;h, fi; B/ nkgD/ gkDh d/ ;o'sK s'A gqsh j/?eN/no 9H5 NB wZSh g?dk ehsh.

oki ftu wZSh T[sgkdB ftu tkX/ bJh gzikp ;oeko tZy^tZy :sB eo ojh j?. P'o/ s'A gqGkfts ;qh w[es;o ;kfjp, fco'Ig[o, wkB;k, ckfIbek, pfmzvk ns/ cohde'N d/ dZyD^gZSw fIfbnK B{z wZSh gkbD nXhB fbnkT[D bJh ftP/P :sB ehs/ ik oj/ jB. ;kb 2019^20 d"okB 38,655,12

10 Statistical Abstract of Punjab 11 Landlocked states include Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh,

Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan,

Sikkim, Telangana, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand

05

101520253035

x 1

00

00

0

gzikp dk wZSh T[sgkdB d{i/ okiK d/ w[ekpb/ fJ; d/ G{whrs G{r'fbe ekoB xZN j?

255

J/eV G{wh B{z wZSh gkbD nXhB fbnKdk frnk j?. oki ftu e[Zb 2,494H99 bZy gz{r wZSh dk T[sgkdB ehsk frnk ;h fi; ftu 1187H50 bZy g{zr wZSh ;oekoh wZSh gz{r ckowK s/ T[sgkfds ehsh rJh ns/ 1307H49 bZy fBZih wZSh gz{r dk T[sgkdB ehsk frnk ;h. fJ; s'A fJbktk 6254 wZSh gkbD nfGbkPhnK B{z f;ybkJh w[jZJhnk eotkJh rJh ;h ns/ fJ; ;?eNo ftu ;t?^o[irko dh soZeh bJh :sB ti'A p?Ae eoIk, wZSh gkbe fe;kBK B{z 393H97 bZy o[gJ/ w[jZJhnk eotkJ/ rJ/ jB.

j'o gfjbedwhnK

MhArk wZSh gkbD ftZu tkXk

wZSh gkbe fe;kBK dh nkwdB ftu tkX/ bJh ;kb 2019^20 d"okB oki ftu 410 J/eV P'ok gqGkfts iwhB B{z MhArk wZSh gkbD nXhB fbnKdk frnk j?. fgSb/ ;kb 248 J/eV IwhB ftu MhArk wZSh gkbD eoe/ 14^15 eo'V o[gJ/ dh bkrs Bkb 520 NB MhArK wZSh dk T[sgkdB ehsk frnk. oki ftu MhArk wZSh gkbD B{z T[s;kfjs eoB bJh 4H79 eo'V o[gJ/ dh ftZsh ;jkfJsk Bkb ;qh w[es;o ;kfjp fIb/ d/ fgzv JhBky/Vk fty/ fJe gqdoPB ckow^ew^f;ybkJh e/Ado ;Ekgs ehsk frnk j?.

wZSh chv fwZbK dh ;EkgBk wZSh T[sgkdB ns/ T[sgkdesk ftu tkXk j't/rk, i/eo wZShnK B{z uzrh r[DtZsk tkbh chv w[jZJhnK eotkJh ikt/. fJ; T[d/P bJh nzfwqs;o, o{gBro, cohde'N, cfsjrVQ ;kfjp, pfmzvk ns/ gfNnkbk fty/ Bhb/ fJBebkp nXhB e/Ado tZb'A gq:'fis ;ehwK nXhB tZy^tZy ;oekoh wZSh gz{r ckowK fty/ 6 wZSh chv fwZbK ;Ekgs ehshnK rJhnK jB. j[f;nkog[o, Pjhd Grs f;zx Bro, b[fXnkDk, ;zro{o ns/ fco'Ig[o fty/ nkoHe/HthHtkJhH ;ehw nXhB 5 j'o fwZbK ;Ekgsh dh gqfefonk gqrsh nXhB j?.

wZSh T[sgkdB seBb'ih ftu BthBheoD

G{wh ns/ gkDh d/ ;hws ;q'sK B{z wZd/Bio oZyd/ j'J/ oki ftu gfjbh tko fJe BthB T[Zu^xDsk wZSh T[sgkdB seBb'ih nk| pkfJU^cb'e fcP ebuo P[o{ ehsh ikt/rh. fJ; seBhe ftu sbkn ftu fwbkJ/ rJ/ wkJheo'pi Bkb wZShnK d[nkok SZv/ wb B{z wZSh chv ftu spdhb ehsk ikt/rk. fJ; seBhe d/ 2 bkG jB (T) gkDh dh r[DtZsk dh ;zGkb (n) chv dh ehws ftu ewh. fJ; seBhe Bkb Bk e/tb ;hws y/so ftZu'A tX/o/ wZSh T[sgkdB eoB ftu ;|bsk fwb/rh pbfe fJ; Bkb fe;kBK d/ bkG ftu th tkXk j't/rk. ftGkr B/ ;kb 2019^20 d"okB fJe j'o bkj/tzd wZSh T[sgkdB seBb'ih P[o{ ehsh j? fi; B{z oh^;oe{b/Noh n?e{nkebuo f;;Nw (RAS) fejk iKdk j?. fJj fJe BthA wZSh T[sgkdB seB'bih j? fi; d[nkok fB:zfsqs tksktoD ns/ tos/ rJ/ gkDh d/ fJBv'o N?AeK ftu wZSh gkbD d[nkok tX/o/ wZSh T[sgkdB gqkgs ehsk ik ;edk j?. fJj seBhe fe;kBK d/ bkG ftu tkXk eo/rh. oki ftu d' :{fBNK dh ;Ekgsh gqrsh nXhB j?.

2H6 y/shpkVh ekor[iakoh Bkb gqGkts sZE

po;ks

256

gzikp e'b nkgDhnK Gog{o f;zukJh bJh T[fus f;zukJh ;[ftXktK gqkgs jB ns/ po;ks T[Zgo ;hws fBoGosk j?. gqzs{ jVK d[nkok |;bK d/ B[e;kB ekoB po;ks y/shpkVh, nkwdB ftu spdhbh bJh wjZstg{oB G{fwek ndk eo ;edh j?.gkDh dh wzr ftu tkX/, Bfjoh ;woZEk ftu ewh ns/ IwhBh gkDh ;o'sK ftu fBxko ekoB po;ks ;{p/ d/ w"i{dk T[sgkdB gZXoK B{z ekfJw oZyD ftu ;jkfJsk eo ;edh j?. ;kb 2017 d"okB oki ftu 493H0 fwHwhH po;ks j'Jh. ;ko/ fIfbnK ftu po;ks dk gZXo tZy^tZy fojk fit/A f|o'ig[o ftu 93H7 fwHwhH ns/ r[odk;g[o ftu 1273H3 fwHwhH po;ks j'Jh. fuZso 27 ftu ;kb 2017 d"okB oki d/ fifbQnK ftu n";s w[zewb n;b po;ks ns/ nkw po;ks Bkb'A coe do;kfJnk frnk j? (fit/A 1951 s'A 2000 sZe po;ksh foekovK s'A gsk bZrdk j?)

fuZso 27L fIbQ/ w[skpe n";s ;kbBk po;ks ns/ nkw Bkb' coe 2017 (ch;dh #)

;kXB L^ noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB, gzikp, 2018^19, Gkosh w";w ftfrnkBe ftGkr.

gzikp tZy^tZy gqeko dhnK e[dosh w[;hpsK s'A gqGkfts jz[dk j?, ;{p/ dk tZvk G{r'fbe y/so jVQ gqGkfts j? gqzs{ fJ; ftZu'A tX/ok fjZ;k jVQ fB:zsqD T[gukoK d[nkok ;[oZfyns eo fbnk ikdk j?. ;w/A^;w/A s/ gzikp ftu rV/wkoh th jz[dh j? i' yVhnK |;bK B{z B[e;kB gj[zuk fdzdh j? (r[bkNh, okfJ ns/ j[;?B, 2017). ;kb 2017^18 d"okB fB:fws po;ks ekoB |;bK dk pj[s xZN B[e;kB j'fJnk. B[e;kBhnK rJhnK |;bK dh ehws 2,46,000 o[gJ/ j? ns/ gqGkfts y/so e[Zb |;bh y/so dk e/tb 0H02 ch;dh j?. gqzs{ ;kb 2019 ftu dZyD^gZSwh wkB;{B^2019 d"okB jVK ns/ jkfJvo'^whfNo?Ub?iheb ;zeN ekoB e[Zb 1H51 bZy j?eN/no y/shpkVh y/so d/ B[e;kB j'D dh fog'N j? (vhHJ/H;h ns/ n?cH;h,2019)12.

;zd^;kXB

12 DAC&FW. (2019). Farm sector news. Agricultural Situation in India, VOL. LXXVI No 9, Dec 2019.

Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare. Available at https://eands.dacnet.nic.in/PDF/December2019.pdf.

-100%

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-40%

-20%

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0

200

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800

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1200

1400eJh fifbnK ftZu pkoP, fco'Ig[o fztZu 93H7 fwHwh s'A r[odk;g[o ftZu 1273H3

fwHwh d/ ftueko doi ehsh rJh.

whAj (fwHwh) ;kbkBk whAj dk tjkn

https://eands.dacnet.nic.in/PDF/December2019.pdf

257

ykd

gzikp ykdK dh tX/o/ tos'A ekoB gqGkfts j? GKt/ fJ; ftu ;[Xko j' fojk j? go fJj rZb fuzsK dk ftPk j? . jo/ fJBekbp dk w'joh oki j'D ekoB nkozGe tfoQnK ftu gzikp ftu ykdK dh tos'A ftu s/ih Bkb tkXk j'fJnk noEks fJj tos' 1970^71 ftu 37H5 feHrqH gqsh j?eH s'A tZX e/ 1990^91 ftu 162H6 feHrqH gqsh j?eH ns/ 2010^11 ftu tX e/ 243 feHrqH gqsh j?eH j'Jh j?. ;kb 2018^19 d"okB gzikp fJ; T[ukJh s'A 228 feHrqH gqsh j?eH s/ nk frnk j?. 1990^91 ftu gzikp ftu gqsh j?eH ykdK dh tos'A Gkos dh n";s tos'A Bkb'A d[ZrDh ;h. ;kb 2010^11 ftu fJj nB[gks 1H67 ;h id'A fe Gkosh gZXo s/ ykdK dh gqsh j?eN/no tos'A ftu th tkXk j'fJnk j?. ;kb 2012^13 s'A pknd Gkosh gZXo s/ fJ; dh tos'A ftu w[V tkXk j'fJnk j?. fuZso 29 ftu ykdK dh tos'A ;pzXh nzro/ih d/ ‘:{* nZyo dk neko pfDnk Bio nkT[Adk j?. ;kb 2017^18 dk nzsbk ;kb fi; bJh vkNk ;{pk ns/ Gkos bJh T[gbpX j?, fJ; ftu nB[gks 1H77 ;h.

fuZso 28 L gzikp ftu BkJhNq'iB s'A g'NkPhnw tos'A ns/ ck;c'o; s'A g'NkPhnw tos'A

;kXB L y/shpkVh ns/ fe;kB GbkJh ftGkr, gzikp

fuZso 29L gzikp ftu ykd tos'A dhnK ftXhnK

25.018.1

58.5

43.8

19.226.6

4.4 7.1

21.9

12.36.0 6.2

1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11 2018-19 E

1990 ^91 s'A gzikp ftZu c?N/obkJhiao dh ;zsb[s tos'A ftZu ;[Xko j'fJnk j?

BkfJNo'iB s'A g'Nk;ahnw ck;c'o; s'A g'Nk;ahnw

258

;kXBL noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB, gzikp, y/shpkVh nzefVnK s/ fJZe Mbe^2018

fJ;/ soQK dh ;wZf;nk ykdK dh n;zs[fbs tos'A eoBk j?. BkJhN'qiB, ck;c'o; ns/ g'NkPhnw (n?BHghHe/H) dh tk;sfte nB[gks 4L2L1 j?, fco th jo/ fJBebkp d/ ;woEB bJh :{ohnk dh tos'A B/ BkJhNq'iB ykd dh tX/o/ tos'A B{z P[o{ ehsk. Gkosh gZXo s/ 2017^18 ftu ykd tos'A nB[gks 6H1L 2H4L1 ;h. gzikp dh s[bBk ftu fJ;/ ;kb ykd tos'A nB[gks 28H8 L 6H9L1 ;h. gqzs{ ;kb 1990^91 s'A pknd fJ; B/ fJe wjZstg{oB gqrsh doi ehsh j? id'A fJj nB[gks 58H5 L21H9L1 ;h (fuZso 28) ;kb 2018^19 ftu fJ; nB[gks ftu j'o ;[Xko nkfJnk.

0

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19

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19

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19

90

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20

00

-01

20

10

-11

20

18

-19

E

ykd dh tos'A gqsh j?eN/no ftZu

1.51.61.71.81.9

22.12.22.32.4

19

90

-91

19

95

-96

20

00

-01

20

05

-06

20

06

-07

20

07

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12

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20

13

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20

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20

17

-18

gzikp dk Gkos Bkb ykdK dh tos'A ftZu nB[gks (gqsh j?eN/no)

259

pke; 8 L izrbK dh eNkJh ns/ gzikp ftZu y/shpkVh dh r[zikfJ;a

gzikp ftu izrbK nXhB ftobk oepk j?. G{wh tos'A d/ nzefVnK d/ nB[;ko, gzikp ftZu izrbkA d/ nXhB brGr 5# y/socb j? (fuZso 21). jkbkAfe, fJj ;koh iawhB B{z ekB{zBh s"o s/ izrbkA nXhB iawhB dk jtkbk fdzd/ jB, Gkt/A iwhB d/ T[; N[eV/ s/ n;b ftZu izrb j'D iK Bk. fJ; d/ T[bN izrbks ;ot/yD Gkos d/ nB[;ko, ;?N/bkJhN d[nkok gzikp d/ izrbK d/ n;b oep/ pko/ nzeV/ w[jZJhnk eotkJ/ iKd/ jB. fJj do;kT[Adk j? fe gzikp fJe nfijk ;{pk j? fi; ftu izrbks dk d{ik ;G s'A xZN 67# fjZ;k j? (fuZso 30). ;kb 2015 s'A pknd d/ ;[Xko d/ pkti{d, fJj n;b ftu ;w[Zu/ Gkos dk n";sB 21H7# d/ w[ekpb/ pj[s xZN j?, i' ok;aNoh Nhu/ 33# Bkb'A ekcah xZN j?.fJ; s'A fJbktk, izrbkA nXhB oep/ dk f;oc fJZe S'Nk fijk fjZ;k pj[s ;zxD/ izrbkA d/ nXhB j? (70# ikA fJ; s'A tZX dh e?B'gh xDsk). nZX/ s'A tZX izrbkA dk oepk (56#) y[Zb/ izrbkA d/ nXhB j?, fi; dk noE j? fe e?B'gh xDsk 10 s'A# 40# d/ ftueko j? (Gkos d/ izrbks ;ot/yD, 2019 nB[;ko).

fuZso 30 L e[Zb y/so d/ j/mb/ fjZ;/, j/mb/ 10 okiK dh gqsh;as ti'A izrb B{z eto eoBk

T[d:'fre gqki?eNkA bJh izrbK B{z spdhb eoBk ns/ izrbK dh eNkJh ikoh oZyDk th fuzsk dk ft;ak j?. 1980 s'A gzikp B/ 801 tor feb'whNo iawhB B{z izrbkA dh tos'A bJh spdhb eo fdZsk j?. fJj ;kb 2019 ftZu oki d/ izrbkA d/ y/so d/ 26# (Jh^rqhB tku, 2020) dk fjZ;k ;h. nkyoh tZvk w'V 2009 ftZu nkfJnk, id'A 676 tor feb'whNo izrb dh iawhB B{z spdhb eo fdZsk frnk ;h. jkb jh d/ ;kbkA ftZu fJj xNdk frnk j? (fuZso 31). fuZso 31 L ;kb 2010 ns/ 2019 d/ ftukb/ gzikp ftZu izrbK d/ T[d/;aK ftZu iawhB dk ftfGzBsk (j?eN/no)

;kXB L Jh^rqhB tku, 2020

3.67%

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

jfon

kDk

gzikp

oki;

EkB

T[so

gqd/;a

r[io

ks

fpjk

o

wjko

k;aNo

nkX

ok g

qd/;a

s/bzrkB

k

gZSwh

pzrkb

0100200300400500600700800900

1000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

260

izrbK d/ w[nkti/ dh wjZssk Bz{ fXnkB ftZu oZyfdnK eJh fBozso fttoD ngDkJ/ rJ/ jB. izrbks ;zGkb n?eN ( n?c ;h J/) 1980 ftZu fejk frnk j? fe e'Jh th gqki?eN fi; ftZu izrbks dh spdhbh eoB dh io{os g?Adh j?,Bz{ izrbK dh IwhB d/ j'J/ B[ePkB dh GogkJh bJh tD^w[nktik d/Dk j'tkrk. id'A fe oki ;oeko tD^tzv dk ezw eodh j? ns/ fi; T[gG'rsk J/i/A;h e'b IwhB dk ezNo'b j[zdk j?, T[j fJ; ezw dh ndkfJrh eodh j?. jkbKfe, gfjbk s'A xZN izrbks eto d/ wZd/Bio, izrbk nXhB oep/ d/ ft;Eko bJh edw u[ZeD dh io{os j?, fJ; dk jZb j? fe tD^y/sh Bz{ T[sPkfjs eoBk. c{v n?Av n?rohebuob nkor/BkJhi/PB (n?cHJ/HU), y/sh gqDkbh Bz{ ibtk:{ ;wkoN yshpkVh oDBhshnK ti"A gSkDdh j?, fJj gqDkbh fwZNh d/ y'oB Bz{ o'eD, gkDh d/ gqpzXB ftZu ;[Xko ns/ y/sh nkwdBh d/ ;o'sK Bz{ ftfGzB pDkT[D d/ :'r j? (n?cHJ/HU 2013 w[skpe). fJ; s'A fJbktk y/sK dh ;ojZdk d/ o[Zy brkT[D Bkb oki d/ S'N/ fePkB fpBQK fe;/ IwhBh :'rdkB d/ tD ftfGzBsK ftZu fjZ;k gk ;ed/ jB. c{v n?Av n?rohebuob nkor/BkJhi/PB (n?cHJ/HU) B/ n?ro' cko?;Noh Bz{ T[skPkjs eoB bJh e[M oDBhshnK dk ;[Mkn fdZsk j?, Gkos ns/ gzikp d/ gq;zr ftZu e[M ;pzXs BhshnK j/m fbyhnK jB.

• ;EkBe y'I ns/ ft;Eko d[nkok ikro{esk tXkT[Dk io{oh s"o s/ ft;Eko eoB tkb/ eowukohnK Bz{ gq;zfre frnkB gqdkB eokT[Dk ukjhdk j?, ns/ y/shpkVh d/ ezwK dh g?oth eoB dh seBheh ns/ nkoFfEe fttjkoesk d'tK Bz{ gqdoPs eoBk ukjhdk j?. fJ; Bkb S'N/ fe;kBK dhnk io{osK Bz{ th g{ok eoBk ukjhdk j?.T[dkjB ti'A izrbks ftZu tB;gsh d/ g?dk j'D s'A gfjbk dk ;wK ekch bzpk j'D ekoB, xZN ;w/A ftZu nkwdBh gqtkj Bz{ poeoko oZyD bJh fJ; d/ nB[;ko c;bK d/ nfGnk; Bz{ nB[e{b oZyD dh b"V j' ;edh j?.

• fJijhnK y/shpkVh BhshnK pDkU I' g?Av{ ftek; ftZu o[ZyK dh G{fwek Bz{ wkBsk d/D .

T[dkjoD ti'A, okPNoh y/shpkVh Bhsh, 2014 B/ tZy^tZy gq'rokwkA fit/A fe wjkswk rkAXh okPNoh g/Av{ rozNh :'iBk (n?w ih n?B n?B nko Jh ih n?;h), J/ehfeqs ibxo gqpzXB gq'rokw, okPNoh g/Av{ o'Ih o'Nh fwPB (n?B nko n?b n?w) nkfd tor/ e/;kA dh XkoDk.

• fpjso Bhshrs skbw/b bJh nzso^ftGkrh skbw/b B{z T[sPkjs eoBk. Gkos ns/ gzikp ftu izrbks ftGkr, G"A wkb ftGkr, ;EkBe ;z;EktkA ns/ y/shpkVh ftGkr B{z o?r{b/N eoB bJh fB:ws o[ektNkA dh gSkD eoB bJh skbw/b dh b'V j' ;edh j+H

• o[ZykA d/ T[sgkdkA bJh pikokA d/ ;zgoe B{z wip{s eoBkL fJ; t/b/ bZeV gzikp ftZu fJeokoBkw/ tkb/ y/shpkVh ekB{zB d/ dkfJo/ ftZu nT[Adh j?. jkbkAfe, j'o y/sh fiD;kA d/ ;wkB wkoehfNzr p[fBnkdh YkAu/ y/shpkVh d/ tgkoe wkwb/ pDkT[D ftZu ;jkfJsk eoBr/H wkoehfNzr ftZu ;zrqfj bJh fe;kB T[sgkde ;z;EktkA B{z T[sPkjs eoBk th wddrko j' ;edk j?.

Sources:

Forest Survey of India. (2019). India State of Forest Report 2019. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate

Change. Available at http://fsi.nic.in/isfr-volume-i.

e-Green Watch (2020). Integrated e-Governance Portal for Automation, Streamlining & Effective Management

of Processes related to Plantation & Other Forestry Works. Available at


FAO (2013). Climate Smart Agriculture Sourcebook. Available at http://www.fao.org/3/i3325e/i3325e.pdf

Buttoud G., (2013). Advancing Agroforestry on the Policy Agenda A guide for decision-makers. Food and

Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. Available at http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3182e.pdf

Department of Agriculture & Cooperation. (2014). National Agroforestry Policy. Ministry of Agriculture.

Available at http://agricoop.gov.in/sites/default/files/National_agroforestry_policy_2014.pdf.

http://fsi.nic.in/isfr-volume-i


http://www.fao.org/3/i3325e/i3325e.pdf

http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3182e.pdf

http://agricoop.gov.in/sites/default/files/National_agroforestry_policy_2014.pdf

261

ehNBkPe dtkJhnK ehNBkPe dtkJhnK dh tos'A ftu th ;ziw nkfJnk j? (fuZso ^32) ;kb 2000^01 ftu ehNBkPeK dh tos'A 6970 whNoe NB dh ;G s'A tX/o/ tos'A dh ;hwK s/ gj[zu rJh ;h. ;kb2011^12 s'A fJj tos'A 5717 whNoe NB d/ nkb/ d[nkb/ ojh j?.;zGkfts s'o s/ fgSb/ ;kbK ftZu ehNBkPe jwb/ Bkb'A ;kb 2016^17 ftZu (5843 whHNB) c;bK finkdk gqGkfts j'JhnK jB. fgSb/ ;kbK Bkb'A ;kb 2018^19 ftZu ehNBkPeK dh tos'A 0H7# dh do Bkb xZNh j?.

fuZso 32L gµikp ftu tosh ehNBkPe dtkJh, whNfoe NBK ftu

;kXB L y/shpkVh ns/ fe;kB GbkJh ftGkr, gµikp

T{oik gµikp nkgD/ fe;kBK ƒ w[|s ns/ whNo ofjs fpibh fdµdk j?. fJ; bJh, fJj j?okBh tkbh r¤b BjhA j? fe e[b T[sgµB ehsh T{oik dk t¤vk fj¤;k y/shpkVh we;d bJh tofsnk iKdk j?. ;kb 2016^17 ftu gµikp y/shpkVh y/so d[nkok fpibh dh ygs fgSb/ ;kb Bkb'A 6 ch;dh tX e/ 12196 rhrktkN gqsh xzNk se gj[µu rJh. fJj oki ftu e[b fpibh T[sgkdB dk 28 |h;d t/funk frnk ns/ Gkos d/ g¤Xo s/ 21 |h;d dh s[bBk Bkb'A t¤X j?. fJE'A se fe fJj e[ZM ;kbK d"okB fJ; nB[gks ftu ewh ƒ do;kT[Adk j?. ;kb 2011^12 ftu e[b fpibh dk brGr 30 |h;d tos'A y/shpkVh we;d bJh ehsh rJh ;h jkbKfe e[Zb wksok gZy'A y/shpkVh y/so d[nkok ehsh ikD tkbh fpibh t/uh ;h.

fu¤so 33L y/shpkVh T[d/P bJh t/uh ik ojh e[b fpibh dk gqshPs fj¤;k

;kXBL ftµfGB ;kbK ftu y/shpkVh nµefVnK s/ fJe BIo

56905725 5720

56995721

5843

5690

5650

2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

fuZNh wZyh d/ ehN jwb/ d/ itkp ftZu ehV/wko dtkJhnK dh tos'A 2016^17 ftZu tXh ;h

30%28% 28%

21% 20% 21%

2011-12 2015-16 2016-17

fpibh Bkb fsnko j'D dk tZvk fjZ;k gzikp ftZu y/shpkVh bJh tofsnK iKdk j?

gzikp ;w[Zuk Gkos

262

Xosh j/mb gkDh dh ;Zwf;nk Bz{ w[yksp j'D bJh gµikp ;oeko B/ gkDh pukU g?;k ewkU[ ;ehw ubkJh j?. fJj S/ y/sh chvo y/soK ftu bkr{ ehsh ik ojh fe;kBk Bz{ f;ZXk bkG d/D tkbh :'iBk j?. ;fjGkrh fe;kBK ƒ fpibh dh ygs dh fJe gqshPs fj¤;k gqkgs j[µdk j?. i/eo fe;kB fBPfus fj¤;/ Bkb'A xZN ygs eodk j? sK fe;kB ygs Bk ehsh rJh fpibh uko o[gJ/ gqsh feb'tkN dk bkG gqkgs eodk j?. fJ; d/ T[bN fB:ws o{g ftZu fwbD tkbh fpibh fe;kBk dh tkoh nB[;ko jh fwbdh j? ns/ fJ; bJh fpibh dh ;gbkJh th nB[wkfBs Bjh j?. fJ; d/ Bkb^Bkb fe;kB nkgD/ gzg;?N, nkN'^;NkNo s/ SZv fdzd/ jB i' fe fpibh dh ;gbkJh d/ nkXko s/ fJjBK gzg;?NK Bz{ ukb{ s/ pzd eod/ jB. fJ; bJh i/eo fpibh oks ƒ T[gb¤pX j? sK fe;kB f;µukJh dh d/yo/y BjhA eo/rk sK fJ; Bkb popkdh j' ;edh j?. i/eo Io{os Bkb'A tX gkDh eZfYnk iKdk j?. fpibh dh fdB Go dh g{osh ;[fBPfus eoB d/ T[d/P Bkb fJ; :'iBk ftu gkDh dh popkdh ƒ fB:µfsqs eoBk j?. (frZb 2019)13

eoIk

(n?BHnZ?;Hn?;HUH, 2012^13) Gkos ftu y/shpkVh t;sK dh ;fEsh nB[;ko y/shpkVh t;sK s/ 53H2# eoIk j? i' fe ;w[¤u/ Gkosh nB[wkB noEks 51H9 ch;d Bkb'A E'Vk tZX j?. jkbKfe 2016^17 ns/ 2017^18 ftu fdZsk frnk eoIk froktN fdykT[Adk j?. fJe j'o ftP/Psk fJj j? fe fInkdkso eoI/ ‘|;bh eoI/* jB fit/A fe ekPs dh fJe c;b d/ ft¤s g{osh bJh ekoiekoh g{µihrs eoI/. fJ; d/ w[ekpb/ fdZsk frnk fwnkdh eoI e[b eoI/ dk 27 gqshPs ;h fi; Bkb fe;kBK ƒ nkgD/ y/sK ftu bµw/ ;w/A bJh fBt/P eoB dh ;wo¤Ek pko/ fuµsk Ikjo eodk j?.

fu¤so 34L ;kb d"okB tµv/ rJ/ y/shpkVh eoI/

;kXBL ftµfGB ;kbK ftu y/shpkVh nµefVnK s/ fJe BIo

13 Gill, B. (2019). Saving Punjab's groundwater, one agricultural pump at a time. Available at


0

50000

100000

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

gzikp ftZu fiankdkso eoia/ c;bh eofianK d/ o{g ftZu fdZs/ rJ/ jB

c;bh eoiak (eo'VK ftZu) fwnkdh eoiak (eo'VK ftZu)


263

f;µukJh gµikp fJe Gog{o f;µukJh ;woZEk eoB tkbk oki j? ns/ brGr ;ko/ |;bh oep/ f;µukJh tkb/ jB.fJ;d/ w[ekpb/ ;w[¤u/ Gkosh g¤Xo dh s[bBk ftu n¤X/ s'A x¤N |;bh oepk jh f;µukJh nXhB ;h.(y/shpkVh, ;fjekoh ns/ fe;kB GbkJh ftGkr, 2019)14.fJe fdbu;g gfjb{ f;µukJh dk ;o's j?. id'A fe ;w[¤u/ Gkosh g¤Xo s/ gµikp ftu f;µukJh d/ ;q'sK ftZu tµB^;[tµBsk j? T[E/ gzikp ftZu f;µukJh nXhB y/so fNT{pt?bK nXhB j?. (fu¤so 35) fJj oki ftu Xosh j/mb/ gkDh dh T[gb¤pXsk ns/ fw¤Nh dh T[gikT{ Pesh Bz{ gqGkts eoB dk ekoB th pDdk j?. fNT{pt?¤bK d[nkok f;µukJh tkb/ y/so dh wµr ftu tkXk j'D d/ ekoB (fu¤so 36)

;kb 2000^01 ftu oki ftu fNT{pt?¤bK dh frDsh 10H73 b¤y s'A t¤X e/ ;kb 2018^19 ftu 14H76 b¤y j' rJh ;h, fJ; ;w/A d"okB fpibh s/ u¤b oj/ fNT{pt?¤bK d/ ekoB 7H88 b¤y s'A tX e/ 13H36 b¤y j' rJ/ jB. id'A fe vhIb Bkb ubD tkb/ fNT{pt?¤bK ftu ewh tksktoD bJh fpjso j? go Xosh j/mb/ gkDh dh p/sjkPk fBek;h fNekT{ y/shpkVh bJh wkce Bjh j' ;edh. fuZso 35L f;zukJh, Gkos ns/ gzikp d/ ;kXB 2014^15

;kXBL fJohr/PB ;N?fN;fNe; Jh:o p[Ze nkc fJzvhnK

fu¤so 36 L fNT{pt?¤bK dh frDsh (b¤yK ftu)


14 Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare (2019). Pocket Book of Agricultural Statistics,

2018.

29%

71%

gzikp

BfjoK

N?Ae

fNTppt/?b

y{j

j'o

24%

3%

46%

17%

11%

Gkos

BfjoK

N?Ae

fNTppt/?b

y{j

j'o

1

4

7

10

13

1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11 2018-19

vhiab Bkb uZbD tkb/ fNT{pt?bK dh ewh tksktoD bJh fpjso j?

fpibh Bkb uZbD tkb/ fNT{pt?b

vhiab Bkb uZbD tkb/ fNT{pt?b

264

fJ; Bkb Xosh j/mb/ gkDh d/ gZXo ftZu fBxko nkfJnk j?.Xosh j/mb/ gkDh dh fBek;h gµikp ftu 100 gqshPs s'A tX j?. fi; dk noE j? fe Xosh j/mb/ gkDh dh ygs ;kbkBk eZYD:'r ;q'sK s'A t¤X j?. oki Go d/ Xosh j/mb/ gkDh d/ ;o'sK d/ w[bKeD B/ do;kfJnk j? fe 138 pbkeK ftu'A 80 gqshPs pbkeK d/ gkDh dk finkdk d[oT[g:'r ehsk frnk ;h , 2 pbke BkI[e ;B, 5 noX^BkI[e ;B ns/ 22 ;[o¤fyns ;B. fog'N ftu n¤r/ dZf;nk frnk fe e¤fYnk frnk 95 gqshPs gkDh f;µukJh d/ T[d/PK bJh ;h. (ib Pesh wµsokbk, 2019)15

fJ; s'A fJbktk, fvrd/ gkDh d/ gZXo d/ ekoB fe;kB nkgDh ehws s/ fNT{pt?¤bK ƒ j'o v{µx/ eoB bJh wIp{o jB feT[Afe Xosh j/mb/ gkDh dh fBek;h bJh n;wo¤E j'D ekoB nkw fNT{pt?¤b Bekok j' rJ/ jB. fJ; bJh fe;kB t¤X s'A t¤X ;pwo;hpb gµgK t¤b t¤X oj/ jB.Xosh j/mb/ gkDh d/ xZNd/ ik oj/ gZXo ekoB f;µukJh dhnK tXdhnK ehwsK tZXD Bkb rohp fe;kB nZbr^EZbr g? ;ed/ jB.

fJe j¤b fJj j? fe fSVekn ns/ s[gek f;µukJh tkbh ;{yw f;µukJh gqDkbh ƒ T[sPkfjs eoBk i' fJe fBPfus Yµr Bkb gkDh T[gbpX eotk e/ ;jh y/sh ƒ ;wo¤E pDkT[Adh j?. fJj gkDh dh pZus d/ Bkb^Bkb fw¤Nh dh T[gikT{ Pesh tXkT[D ftu ;jkfJsk eodh j?. y/shpkVh ns/ fe;kB GbkJh wµsokbk, Gkos ;oeko d[nkok ;q'sK dh e[Pb tos'A bJh ;zd gqpµX pko/ fog'N d/ nB[;ko gµikp ftu ;{yw f;µukJh gqDkbhnK gqsh gj[µu x¤N j?. wkou 2018 s¤e gµikp dk brGr 48,281 j?eN/no oepk ;{yw f;µukJh nXhB nkT[Adk j?. fJj d/P ftu ;{yw f;µukJh nXhB e[Zb oep/ d/ 0H5 gqshPs s'A th x¤N j?. gqXkB wµsoh feqPh f;µukJh :'iBk gkDh dh ;jh f;µukJh ns/ j'o gkDh pukT[D tkbhnK seBheK ƒ ngDk e/ y/shpkVh d/ gkDh dh e[Pb tos'A ftu ;[Xko bJh :'iBk dh P[o{nks ehsh rJh ;h. fJ; :'iBk ftu uko Gkr Pkwb jB noEks (i) “jo y/s e' gkDh@ fi; ftu ib ;q'sK dh w[oµws ns/ pjkbh Pkwb j?, (ii) “gqsh p{µd tX/o/ c;b@ fi; ftu gkDh pukT[D tkbhnK seBheK Pkwb jB. (iii) “tkNoP?v” ftu gqGktPkbh gqpµX ns/ fw¤Nh ns/ Bwh dk pukn Pkwb j? ns/ (iv) “wrBo/rk” fi; ftu fgµv d/ S¤gVK dh w[oµws ns/ BthBheoB ns/ whAj d/ gkDh dh ;µGkb dhnK ;j{bsK dk fBowkD eoBk j?. gµikp dh oki f;µukJh :'iBk nB[;ko t¤y^t¤y fj¤f;nK nXhB gµikp d/ ;ko/ fifbQnK ftu gkDh dh fBek;h$Xosh j/mb/ gkDh d/ ohukoi ftu tkX/ dh ;µGkts ewh jo ;kb 14974H37 n?w ;h n?w (fwbhnB feT{fpe whNo) j?. gkDh dh fBek;h $11949H052 n?w ;h n?w d/ Xosh j/mb/ gkDh d/ ohukoi ftu tkX/ dh t¤X s'A t¤X c;b (2324H814 n?w ;h n?w) “jo y/s e' gkDh@ tkNoP?¤v (527H774 n?w ;h n?w) ns/ wrBo/rk( 172H728 n?w ;h n?w)16“gqsh p{µd fInkdk |;b@ nXhB nkT[D dh ;zGktBk j?.

15 Ministry of Jal Shakti (2019). Report on the Dynamic Ground water resources of India, 2017. Available at


16 State Irrigation Plan, PMKSY 2017


265

pkZe; 9L Xosh j/mbh fw¤Nh dh ;µGkb bJh gqpµX n?eN

y/sK dk wPhBheoD gµikp ftu t¤v/ y/sh ekoiK d/ wPhBheoD B/ |;bK dh T[sgkdesk ftZu tZvk tkXk ehsk j? ns/ feos dh xZN tos'A Bkb tX/o/ T[sgkdB gqkgs eoe/, c;bK xDsk ƒ tXke/ ns/ ;w/A ns/ yofunK dh pZus eoe/ fe;kBK dh e[Pbsk ftu ekch ;[Xko ehsk j?. ;wK ns/ feos dh pZus ƒ v/noh ckofwµr, w[orh gkbD, w¤yh gkbD, w¤Sh gkbD nkfd d/ y/shpkVh Bkb i[V/ eµwK ftu brkT[D bJh fJ;s/wkb ehsk ik ;edk j?.

oki ftu ekPsekoh bJh 4H50 b¤y Nq?eNo ns/ f;µukJh bJh 14H75 b¤y fNT{pt?¤bK dh tos'A ehsh rJh. ;koDh 21 gµikp oki ftu No?eNoK, fv;e j?o'I d/ ;t?^gq/fos eµpkJhBK ns/ fNT{pt?¤bK d/ tkX/ dh frDsh Bkb tX oj/ wPhBheoD ƒ T[Ikro eodk j?.

ngq?b^wJh wjhfBnK ftZu fpikJh j'D ekoB fJZe feb' ;mh uktb T[rkT[D bJh 4500 bhNo gkDh dh b'V j[zdh j?. gqµs{ i/eo fpikJh nZX/^i{B d/ nk;^gk; ehsh ikt/ sK gkDh dh tos'A x¤N e/ 1500^2000 bhNo j' iKdk j?. ngq?b^wJh ftu gkDh dh Io{os tX/o/ j[µdh j? feT[Afe tkPgheoB dh do tX/o/ j[µdh j? ns/ e'Jh whAj BjhA g?Adk fi; d/ Bshi/ ti'A f;µukJh ftu tofsnk ;kok gkDh Xosh j/mbk gkDh jh j[µdk j?. i{B^i[bkJh ftu whAj, |;bK bJh gkDh dhnK io{osK g{ohnK eoB bJh ;jkfJe j[µdh j?.

fJ; soe dh tos'A eofdnK ngq?b 2008 ftu Xosh j/mbh fw¤Nh dh ;µGkb gqpµX nkovhB?A; ikoh ehsk frnk. fJj 10 wJh s'A gfjbK gBhoh phiD ns/ 10 i{B s'A gfjbK M'Bk brkT[D bJh fe;kBK s/ gkpµdh nkfJd eodk j?. ;kb 2008 ftu uµrh pkoP j'Jh ns/ fe;kBK ƒ gkDh dh xkN dk ;kjwDk BjhA eoBk fgnk. nkovhB?A; dk n;o j'fJnk. wJh se brGr e'Jh th M'BK bfrnk BjhA t/fynk frnk. 10 i{B se M'B/ dh fpikJh f;oc 22 gqshPs y/sK ftu jh ehsh rJh ;h. ;kb 2007 ftu fJ; ;w/A se M'B/ dh fpikJh 42 gqshPs y/sK ftu j' u[¤eh ;h. fJ; d/ ;kekokswe f;¤N/ ti'A ;kb 2009 ftu gµikp dh Xosh j/mbh fw¤Nh bJh gkDh dh ;µGkb bJh ekBz{B dh ;EkgBk j'Jh ;h.

ekƒB y/shpkVh ftGkr d/ nfXekohnK ƒ fpikJh ehs/ M'B/ dh Bo;oh iK M'B/ dh fpikJh ƒ BPN eoB dh nkfrnk fdµdk j?. fJ; ƒ ysw eoB bJh you/ fe;kBK ƒ ;fjD/ g?Dr/.fJj n?eN fe;kBK s/ 10,000$^ o[gJ/ gqsh J/eV gqsh wjhBk i[owkBk brkT[Adk j?.i' ekƒB dh T[bµxDk eod/ jB. i/eo fe;kBK ƒ tko^tko ekƒB dh T[bµxDk eod/ gkfJnk iKdk j? sK y/soh nfXekohnK ƒ ;{fus fwsh se fe;/ th y/s dh fpibh ;gbkJh e¤ND dh nkfrnk fdµdk j?. ;kb 2009 dk T[j ;kb id'A ekƒB pDkfJnk frnk ;h, w"B;{B nkw Bkb'A 30 gqshPs x¤N ;h. gqµs{ d/oh Bkb fpikJh B/ fe;kBK ƒ |;bK d/ B[e;kB s'A pukfJnk ;h. gµikp ftu gkDh d/ gZXo ftubh froktN ƒ w¤Xw eoB ftu ekƒB dk w¤jstg{oB gqGkt ;h. (r[bkNh, okfJ ns/ j[;?B 2017) B/ fIeo ehsk ;h fe 2000^01 s'A 2008^09 s'A pknd Xosh j/mb/ gkDh dh froktN dh n";sB ;kbkBk do 9 gqshPs ;h, 2008^09 s'A 2012^13 s'A fJj froktN f;oc 0H7 gqshPs ;h. fJ; bJh ekƒB bkr{ j'D T[goµs Xosh j/mb/ gkDh ftu n";sB ;kbkBk froktN ƒ 0H2 gqshPs xNk fdsk frnk ;h

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c;bK dh ofjµd^y{µjd d/ gqpµX bJh y/shpkVh wPhBheoB ƒ T[sPkjs eoBk M'B/ dh gokbh ;kVB Bkb j'D tkb/ jtk gqd{PD ekoB gokbh dk gqpµX eoBk oki bJh fJe t¤vh u[D"sh j?. gokbh d/ gqpµX ftu BthBsk ƒ T[sPkjs eoB bJh 5 eo'V o[gJ/ dh oew nbkN ehsh rJh j?. oki ;oeko dhnK e'fPPK ekoB, ;kb 2017 ftu 62 gqshPs ns/ 2018 ftu 40 gqshPs xZN gokbh ;kVh rJh j?. ;kb 2018^19 d"okB oki ;oeko B/ 269H38 eo'V o[gJ/ gqkgs ehs/ ;B fi; ftZu'A 262H84 eo'V o[gJ/ you ehs/ ;B. ;kb 2019^20 d"okB 273H80 eo'V o[gJ/ ftZu'A 240 eo'V o[gJ/ dh oew you ehsh rJh ;h.fJ; s'A fJbktk, ;kb 2018^19 d"okB e/Ado ;oeko dh ;ehw “|;bK dh ofjµd^y{µjd d/ gqpµX bJh y/shpkVh wPhBheoB ƒ T[sPkjs eoBk@ bJh brGr 11,900 y/shpkVh T[geoD fBIh fe;kBK ftu tµv/ rJ/ ;B ns/ 16,450 w[Ybh y/shpkVh bJh fds/ rJ/ ;B ns/ ;fjekoh ;[;kfJNhnK ns/ fe;kB ;w{j ƒ fe;kBK bJh feokJ/ s/ fds/ rJ/.

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fu¤so 37L Gkos ftu oki nB[;ko ;N'o/i ;w¤oEk

17 Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers’ Welfare (2019). Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2018.

2000-01 2018-19

No?eNo 395 450H2

fv;e^j?o' 255 262H5

phi ns/ ykd gdkoE 180 141H5

eNkJh eoB tkbh eNkJh eoB tkbk (;t?^gq/fos) 2H9 7H98

ezpkJhB jkot?;No (No?eNo ukbe) 5H1 4H2

Eo?Po 285 88

fNT{pt?b 1062 1475H7

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y/shpkVh wzsokb/ B/ ;kb 2018 ftZu wkvb n?rohebuob gq'fvT[; ns/ bkJht;Nke ezNo?eN ckofwzr (gq'w'PB ns/ c?;hbhN/PB) n?eN 2018 pDkfJnk ns/ j'o okiK Bz{ fJ; n?eN Bz{ ngDkT[D bJh T[sPkfjs ehsk.gzikp e'b gfjbK s' jh tZyok gzikp fJeokoBkwk y/shpkVh n?eN 2013 j?.fJ; n?eN dk wZe;d fJeokBkwk y/shpkVh d/ sfjs y/shpkVh T[sgkd bJh wzvheoD ftZu ;[Xko fbnkT[Dk ns/ gzikp ftZu gqGkt;akbh p[fBnkdh YkAu/ B{z ;Ekgs eoBk j?. d'tkA dhnKA ft;a/;asktkA dh s[bBk j/mkA ehsh ik ;edh j?L bkr{ eoB tkbh J/iz;hL wkvb ekB{zB oki gZXoh ezNo?eN ckofwzr (gq'w/;aB n?Av c?f;bhN/;aB) p'ov d/ rmB B{z ekB{zBh s"o s/ bkr{ eoB d/ fB:w s'A fBoXkfos eodk j? fi; ftZu ch;kA d/ t;{bD, fttkdkA B{z ;[bMkT[D ns/ m/e/ dh y/sh B{z iBse eoBk ;akwb j?. wjZstg{oB rZb fJj j? fe fJeokoBkw/ dh y/sh y/shpkVh T[sgkdB ns/ wkoehfNzr ew/NhnK (J/HghHn?wH;h) d/ dkfJo/ s'A pkjo j? feT[Afe T[BQK dhnK nkgDhnKA ch;kA j[zdhnK jB. jkbKfe gzikp ftZu fJ; ekB{zB sfjs tZyoh bkr{ eosk J/iz;h (gzikp ezNo+eN ckofwzr efw;aB) ;Ekgs eoBk bkiawh j? go fco th fteoh, yohd, ;N'o/i ikA gq';?f;zr gzikp y/shpkVh gq'veN wkofeN n?eN, 1961 d/ nXhB jh j't/rh. fJ;dk noE fJj j+ fe ezNo?eN ckofwzr d/ gk; j'D ;w/A fJ; ftZu J/HghHn?wH;h ch;kA ns/ ;?Z;kA ;akfwb jz[d/ jB.id'A fe gzikp y/shpkVh T[sgkdB pkiakokA (d{ik ;'X) n?eN, 2017 d/ gk; j'D Bkb, yohddkokA d[nkok f;ZXh yohd dh fJikias fdZsh rJh j?, m/e/ dh y/sh j[D gqGkt;akbh Yzr Bkb J/HghHn?wH;h d/ dkfJo/ s'A pkjo j?. ;wM"fsnK dh foekofvzrL wkvb ekB{zB d/ sfjs, jo/e ;wM"s/ B{z fJZe ofi;Nfozr ns/ fJeokoBkwk foekofvzr ew/Nh Bkb ofi;Nov ehsk ikDk j?, fi; B{z y/shpkVh, g;a{{ gkbD, wzvheoB ns/ j'oBkA ftGkrkA d/ nfXekohnKA tb'A ;Ekgs ehsk ikDk j?. gzikp ftu fJeokoBkwk ekB{zB ;EkBe @ofi;Nfozr nEkoNh@ dh th ftt;Ek eodk j+, i' ek;as d/ y/so Bkb ;pzXs j?. ;wM"s/ Bkb ;pzXs fttkd fiabQk e[b/eNo d[nkok jZb ehs/ ikDr/.

268

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gµikp B/ nkgD/ fe;kBK ƒ T[fus p[fBnkdh wkoehfNµr Bkb i'fVnk j?. ;kb 2015 sZe gµikp ftu 424 fB:fws y/shpkVh wµvhnK ;B fiµBQK ftu'A 150 w[¤y wµvhnK ;B ns/ 274 T[g wµvhnK ;B (fe;kBK dh nkwdBh d[rDh eoB dh ew/Nh, 2017)18. fJj fe;kBK d/ okPNoh efwPB, 2004 d[nkok f;ckoP ehs/ 80 tor feb'whNo gqsh wzvh 116 tor feb'whNo y/socb s'A t¤X j?. jkbKfe dbtkfJ ew/Nh (fe;kBK dh nkwdB d[rDh eoB dh ew/Nh, 2017) dk soe j? fe fJj f;ckoP T[d'A ehsh rJh ;h id'A ;Ve ;µgoe wIp{s BjhA ;h. ew/Nh B/ nkgD/ ftPb/PD ftu gkfJnk j? fe gµikp T[BQK e[M okiK ftu'A fJe ;h i' w"i{dk ;w/A ftu fe;/ tkX{ fB:ws wµvhnK dh Io{os BjhA oZydk. don;b, wµvhnK dh xDsk d/ wkwb/ ftu f;oc fd¤bh jh gµikp ƒ fg¤S/ S¤v e/ 93 tor feb'whNo gqsh wµvh gj[µu rJh. fJ; s'A fJbktk gµikp ftu 1390 g/Av{ gqkfJwoh wµvhnK ns/ 488 fe;kBK dhnK wµvhnK jB fiµBQK ƒ “nkgDh wzvh@ fejk iKdk j? fiE/ fe;kB f;¤X/ gqu{B ygsekoK ƒ t/ud/ jB. oki B/ fJ; ƒ :'r pDkT[D bJh m/ek ckofwµr bJh t¤yok ekƒB gk; ehsk j?. fJj wµvhnK dh T[fussk ftu jkbKfe e[M nµso^fIbk gfotosB j? T[dkjoD d/ s"o s/ ;µro{o ftu 15 wµvhnK jB i' fe jo/e n";sB 37 fgµvK ftu eµw eodhnK jB. d{i/ gk;/ j[fPnkog[o

18 Committee on Doubling Farmers’ Income (2017). Report of the Committee on Doubling Farmers’ Income,

Vol IV, “Post-production interventions: Agricultural Marketing”. Available at


fe;kBkA B{z ndkfJrhL wkvb ekB{zB fJj do;kT[Adk j? fe i/ yohddko B/ fe;kB B{z T[sgkdB ;jkfJsk w[jZJhnk eotkJh skA T[j T[BQK bJh fBogZy n";s e[nkbNh bJh ;fjws ehws s/ T[sgkd dh fJe fB;aus gqsh;as yohdDk gt/rk ns/ T[BQK B{z pkeh d/ T[sgkdB B{z th yohdDk bkiawh j't/rk fJj gfjbK s'A ;fjws ehws s'A xZN s'A xZN j' ;edk j?. i/ yohddko fe;/ T[sgkdB ;jkfJsk bJh fiaw/tko BjhA j?, skA T[;B{z ni/ th T[sgkd dh jZd B{z yohdD dh io{os j'J/rh, fJZe ;hwk d/ nXhB, fBogZy n";sB e[nkbNh d/ fwnko g{o/ j'Dr/. gzikp dk ekB{zB efw;aB B{z yohddko B{z fiazw/tko mfjokT[D ns/ fizw/tkoh dh jZd se nkgDh ftt/e dh tos'A eoB dh nkfrnk fdzdk j?. wkvb ekB{zB ns/ gzikp dk ekB{zB bkiawh s"o s/ fJe' fijk j? fe yohddko w"e/ s/ ikA ;wM"s/ d/ nB[;ko G[rskB eodk j?, i/eo n;cb j[zdk j? sK T[;B{z pekJ/ s/ ftnki d/Dk g?AAdk j?. ckowo gq'fvtio nkor/BkJhi/;aB (n?Zc gh U) $ ckowo gq'fvc;o ezgBhnKA (n?Zc gh ;h) dh G{fwekL wkvb ekB{zB n?cghUi $ n?cgh;h B{z ;wM"sk eoB tkbhnKA gkoNhnKA pDdk j?, i/eo fe;kBkA d[nkok nfXekos ehsk ikAdk j?. fJ; sokA d/ ;zfrqjeoB yohddko ns/ fe;kBkA dofwnkB ;aeshnKA B{z ;zs[fbs eoB ftZu ;jkfJsk eo ;ed/ jB. fJ; pko/ gzikp dk ekB{zB u[Zg j?. phwkL wkvb n?eN d/ sfjs, m/e/ dh y/sh nXhB g?dktko T[sgkdB Bkb i[Vh y/shpkVh phwk :'iBk d/ nXhBI ikA fe;/ j'o sithia ehs/ ;ehw nXhB eto j'Dh iao{oh j?. jkbkAfe, gzikp ezNo?eN ckofwzr n?eN, 2013 ftu nfijh e'Jh ftt;Ek BjhA j?. fJ; bJh, id'A fe gzikp dk ekB{zB tZv/ gZXo s/ nkdo;a ekB{zB dh GktBk dk gkbD eodk j?, fJj c;bh phw/ B{z bkiawh eoB, n?Zc gh U ns/ n?c gh ;h B{z fJeokoBkwk ftZN wZddrko j'Dr/ pDB ns/ bkr{ eoB tkbh J/iz;h dh woih B{z xNkT[D Bkb gqkgs eo ;edk j?.


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1) gkodoPskL fit/A fe ehwskA nkBbkJhB fdykJh fdzdhnK jB, nkVQshnK ns/ tgkohnK bJh pkIko B{z ftrkVBk ikA ehwskA dk rbs gquko eoBk n;zGt j' iKdk j?.

2) fe;kBkA ns/ yohddkokA ftueko f;ZXk ;zgoeL feT[Afe fe;kB f;ZX/ gb/Nckow s/ j' ;ed/ jB, fJ; bJh fJj fePkBK B{z nkVQshnK B{z nZy'A gqy'y/ eoB dh skes fdzdk j?, T[Ai fJj fBZih wzvhnK dk fJe nfBZyVtkA fjZ;k jB.

3) tZvhnk wzvhnK sZe gj[zuL fJ; nkBbkJhB g'oNb s'A gfjbkA, fe;kBkA B{z T[BQkA d/ T[sgkdkA, yk;eo fJj xZN' xZN w[Zb tkbhnK c;bK B{z ;EkBe wzvhnK ftu t/uD bJh wip{o ehsk iKdk ;h . Jh^B/w fJe wzvh d/ fe;kBkA B{z d{;o/ yohddkokA Bkb tgko eoB dh fJikIs d/ e/ g[okD/ f;;Nw Bz{ BIo nzdki eo ;e/rk, fJ; sokA fe;kB tZv/ pkIko ftu gj[zu gqdkB eo ;edk j?. gzikp dhnK19 wzvhnK g'oNb Bkb gfjbkA jh i[VhnK j'JhnK jB. oki pk;wsh T[sgkdeK ns/ fezB{ T[sgkdekA B{z ;"d/pkih dh fpjsoh gqdkB eoB bJh 18 j'o wzvhnK B{z fJb?eNqkfBe No/fvzr g'oNb Bkb i'VB dk fJokdk pDk fojk j?. gzikp B/ gb/Nckow s/ ;Zs uhIkA t/uD dh nkfrnk fdZsh j?. fJBQkA ftZu pk;wsh, wZeh, nkb{, feB{z, egkj, wNo (jok) ns/ w{zr Pkwb jB. fJ; t/b/ Jh^B/w nXhB 3,495 fe;kB, gzikp d/ 3,323 nkVsh ns/ 533 tgkoh ofi;Nov jB.

271

2018^19 (nkoiah) 19136 17027 89# 18262 17281 94H6#


y/shpkVh g;ko ;/tktK

y/shpkVh ft;Eko, y/shpkVh T[g^;?eNoK ftu ns/ y/shpkVh ;gbkJh bVh d/ ;ko/ gfjb{nK Bkb ikDekoh, frnkB, N?eBkb'ih, j[Bo, i'yw ns/ y/s gqpµXB nfGnk;K ƒ ;KMk eoB dh fJe gqDkbh j?. Gkos ftu ft;Eko ;/tktK oki y/shpkVh :{Bhtof;NhnK (n?; J/ :{), feqPh ftfrnkB e/Ado (e/ th e/) , oki d/ y/shpkVh ftGkrK d/ ft;Eko eowukohnK, fBZih ft;Eko J/iµNK ns/ nrKjtX{ fe;kBK d[nkok gqdkB ehshnK iKdhnK jB.

ft;Eko nfXekohnK dh T[gb¤pXsk d/ wkwb/ ftu gµikp s[bBkswe s"o s/ tXhnk doik oZydk j?. oki ftu gqsh n?e;N?APB nfXekoh fgZS/ 753 ekoiPhb i'sK nkT[dhnK jB. fJ; d/ w[ekpb/ okPNoh g¤Xo s/ fJj frDsh 1162 j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk f;oc jfonkDk ns/ Mkoyµv d/ r?o^gjkVh oki jB i' gµikp Bkb'A fpjso ekor[ikoh d/ gqdoPe jB. fJj f;µukJh tkb/ y/soK ftu gqsh n?e;N?APB toeo 750 ekoiPhb i'sK d/ f;ckoP ehs/ nB[gks s'A E'Vh fijh t¤X j?(fe;kBK dh nkwdB d[rDh eoB bJh ew/Nh, 2017)19

2H8 y/shpkVh gfotkoK dk gq'ckJhb

G{wh

;ko/ Gkos dh n";s (fu¤so 38 ns/ fu¤so 39) d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp ftu ;hwKs ns/ S'N/ fe;kBK dk fj¤;k pj[s x¤N j? id'A fe g{o/ Gkosh g¤Xo s/ 69 gqshPs i'sK ;hwKs nkeko tkbhnk jB (fJ¤e j?eN/no s'A x¤N), gµikp bJh fJj wfjI 14 gqshPs jB.tZvhnK i'sK (10 j?eN/no s'A tZX) ftZu gzikp dh fj;/dkoh 5 gqshPs j? id fe okPNoh gZXo s/ fJj 1 gqshPs j?.

fu¤so 39L ekoiPhb j'bfvµr d/ y/so dk fj¤;k, IwhB d/ nkeko d[nkok

;kXBL y/shpkVh rDBk, 2015^16

19 Committee on Doubling Farmers’ Income (2017). Report of the Committee on Doubling Farmers’ Income,

Vol IX, “Empowering the Farmers through Extension and Knowledge Dissemination”. Available at


2% 7%

25%

44%

22%24% 23% 24% 20%9%

;hwKs S'NhnK ;?wh whvhnw wZX nkeko tkbhnK tZvhnK

;ko/ Gkos d/ w[ekpb/ gzikp ftZu ;hwKs ns/ S'N/ fe;kBk dk fjZ;k pj[s xZN j?.

gzikp Gkos


272

fu¤so 40L ekoiPhb j'bfvµrI dh frDsh dk fj¤;k IwhB d/ nkeko d[nkok

;kXBL y/shpkVh rDBk, 2015^16

nkwdBh ns/ eoIdkoh

gµikp ft¤u y/shpkVh gfotko s[bBkswe s"o *s/ x¤N eoIdkoh ns/ t¤X nkwdBh dk nkBµd b?Ad/ jB. Bkpkov nkb fJµvhnk o{ob ckfJB?APhnb fJBeb{IB ;ot/(Bkch;) B/ y/shpkVh gfotkoK dh wjhBktko xo/b{ nkwdB d/ ;pµX ftu okiK ftu fJ¤e wj¤stg{oB coe B'N ehsk j? (Bkpkov, 2018)20.;kb 2016^17 ftu gµikp d/ y/shpkVh gfotkoK dh n";sB wjhBktko nkwdB ;G s'A t¤X ;h (23,133 o[L) fJ; s'A pknd jfonkDk (18,496 o[L) ns/ e/ob (16,927 o[L) B/ t¤X s'A t¤X nkwdB do do;kJh ;h. fJj fJ; s¤E dk ;µe/s j? fe fJj ;?eNo oki dh nkofEesk ft¤u wj¤stg{oB :'rdkB gk fojk j?.

fu¤so 41 oki ftu y/shpkVh gfotkoK dh n";sB nkwdBh d/ fto[¤X okiK ft¤u eoIdko j'D dhnK xNBktK ƒ do;kT[Adk j?. fJj do;kT[Adk j? fe gµikp, jfonkDk ns/ r[ioks us[oG[i ftu f;oc fsµB oki jB (Gkt T[j oki fiBQK dh y/shpkVh s'A nkwdB n";sB nkw Pq/Dh okiK bJh n";s Bkb'A t¤X j? ns/ fgSb/ ;kb ftu eoI/ dh fog'oN d/D tkb/ xoK dk nB[gks iBob Pq/Dh okiK bJh n";s s'A x¤N j?.)



14%19%

34%28%

5%

69%

18%

9%4%

1%

;hwKs S'NhnK ;?wh whvhnw wZX nkeko tkbhnK tZvhnK

gzikp Gkos


273

fu¤so 41L n";sB y/shpkVh nkwdBh ns/ y/shpkVh gfotkoK ftu eoIk ofjs j'D dh xNBk

;kXBL Bkpkov nkb fJµvhnk o{ob ckfJB?APhnb fJBeb{IB ;ot/ 2016^17

jkbKfe nfijk brdk j? fe ;hwKs fe;kBK s/ eoik tX/o/ j?.go ;fEsh ;ot/yD 2013 d/ nB[;ko, 10 j?eN/no s'A tZX iwhB tkb/ gfotkoK s/ 2H4 gqshPs eoIk ns/ 1 j?eN/no iwhB tkb/ xoK s/ 46H2 gqshPs eoik ;h.0H01 j?eN/no s'A xZN iwhB tkb/ gfotkoK bJh pekfJnk n";s oew xZN'^xZN 13100 o[gJ/ ;h ns/ fJ; s'A pknd 0H01 s'A 0H04 j?eN/no tkb/ gfotkoK bJh fJj oew 24600 o[gJ/ ;h id 0H01^1 j?eN/no tkb/ gfotkoK s/ fJj oew 51600 o[gJ/ ;h. id'A fe ;G s'A t¤X pekfJnk n";sB 9,27,400 o[gJ/ j? i' 10 j?eN/no s'A finkdk iwhB tkb/ gfotko T[Zs/ j? (fu¤so 42)21 fu¤so 42 L gµikp d/ jo y/shpkVh xo/b{ IwhBh neko nB[;ko pekfJnk eoI/ dh n";sB oew (00 o[gJ/)

;kXBL Gkos ftu y/shpkVh xoK dh nkwdBh, you/, T[sgkde ;µgshnK ns/ fBoGosk (n?w U n?; gh nkJh)

|;bh eoIk w[nk|h ;ehw

rohp fe;kBK d/ tX/o/ eoI/ ƒ w[¤y o¤yfdnK oki ;oeko B/ ;kb 2017 ftu oki ftu |;bh eoIk w[nk|h ;ehw P[o{ ehsh j?. oki ;oeko fJBQK w[¤fdnK ƒ T[¤u soihj d/ J/iµv/ ti'A j¤b

21 (n.d.). Income, Expenditure, Productive Assets and Indebtedness of Agricultural Households in India.

National Sample Survey Office, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.

131 246 5161641

22923266

9274

1195

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

< 0.01 0.01 - 0.40 0.41 - 1.00 1.01 - 2.00 2.01 - 4.00 4.01 - 10.00 10.00 + all sizes

274

eoB dh e'fPP eo ojh j? ns/ 2017 ft¤u |;bh eoIk w[nkch ;ehw g/P ehsh rJh ;h. ;kb 2017^18 d"okB 42,019 fe;kBK ƒ |;bh eoIk okjs ti'A 146H05 eo'V o[gJ/ dh okPh fd¤sh rJh ;h.

2H9 g/Av{ ftek;

2011 dh iBrDBk nB[;ko gzikp ftZu d/P dh 69# tZ;'A d/ w[ekpb/ 62H52#tZ;'A fgzvK ftZu ofjzdh ;h.Gkos ftZu y//shpkVh gfotkoK d/ nkwdB, you, T[sgkde ;zgshnK ns/ eoia/ ;pzX ftZu n?BHn?;Hn?;HU dh fog'oN w[skpe gzikp d/ 51H1# g/Av{ gfotko y/shpkVh gfotko ;B.fJ; bJh g/Av{ ftek; ns/ y/sh y[;ajkbh d/ w[Zd/ nkg; ftZu BIdheh Bkb i[V/ j'J/ jB. o[Irko g/Av{ o[Irko ftu y/shpkVh dk fj¤;k ;kb 2011^1222 ftu 52H37 gqshPs s'A x¤N e/ 2017^1823 ftu 40H68 gqshPs ofj frnk j?. g/Av{ o[Irko ftu ;/tktK y/so dk fj¤;k 2011^12 ftu 19H16 gqshPs s'A tX e/ 2017^18 ftu 30H29 gqshPs j' frnk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk gµikp d/ b'eK ftu dcso ftu eµw eoB tkb/ o[Irko gqsh soihj t/yh rJh j? fiE/ ;kb 2011^12 ftu g/Av{ o[Irko ftu fJsckehnK wId{oh dk nB[gks 32 gqshPs s'A x¤N e/ 2017^18 ftu 23H8 gqshPs s/ nk frnk j? id'A fe ;t?^o[Irko ftub/ nB[gks ftu ;kb 2011^12 ftu 42H4 gqshPs s'A tX e/ 2017^18 ftu 45H2 gqshPs j'fJnk j?. fJ; s'A gµikph B'i[nkBK dhnK nfGbkPktK dk gsk brdk j? fijV/ fe r?o^y/shpkVh dcsoh eµweko tkbhnK B"eohnK t¤b nkeofPs jB. fJ; dh ftnkfynk gµikp ftu gµikph B"i[nkBK dh tX/o/ T[fus o[Irko ;[ftXktK dh y'i ftu gµikp ftu'A gqtk; ti'A ehsh ik ;edh j?.

fu¤so 43 L gµikp ftu o[Irko ftu ;?eNo w[skfpe fj¤;k ns/ g/Av{ gfotkoK d/ o[Irko ftu fj¤;/ dk gqshPs

;kXB L ;w//A ;w/A s/ b/po c'o; dk ;ot/yD, 2017^18, Gkos ftu o'Irko ns/ p/o'Irkoh dh ;fEsh, 2011^12

22 NSSO (2014). Employment and Unemployment Situation in India. NSS 68th round. July 2011-June 2012. Available at

http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/nss_report_554_31jan14.pdf 23 2019). Periodic Labour Force Survey. Available at



52.3728.47

19.16

40.68

29.12

30.19

2017^18

y/shpkVh T[d:'r ;/tktk

42.4 45.2

18 19.9

32 23.8

7.6 11.1

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2011-12 2017-18

;t? o'iarko fB:ws sBykj

;XkoD b/po j'o

275

g/Av{ rohph

gµikp ftu rohph o/yk s'A j/mK ofj ojh g/Av{ nkpkdh dh gqshPssk e"wh g¤Xo s/ rohph o/yk s'A j/mK ofj ojh g/Av{ nkpkdh d/ 25H70 gqshPs d/ w[ekpb/ 7H66 gqshPs ;h. gµikp B/ pV/ wj¤stg{oD Yµr Bkb ;kb 2005 ftu 22H10 gqshPs rohph o/yk s'A j/mK tkbh g/Av{ nkpkdh ƒ 2011^12 ftu 7H66 gqshPs s/ fbnKdk j?. ;kb 2004^05 s'A 2011^12 d/ ;w/A d"okB gµikp dh g/Av{ y/soK rohph ftu 14H44 gqshPs nµeK dh ewh nkJh j?. ;kb 2004^05 ftu Pfjoh y/soK ftubh e[b rDBk g/Av{ Bkb'A x¤N ;h gqµs{ 2011^12 ftu e[b rDBk g/Av{ y/soK d/ w[ekpb/ Pfjoh y/soK ftu tX/o/. fu¤so 44L g/Av{ y/soK ns/ Pfjoh y/soK ftu e[b rDBk nB[gks

;kXB L rohph ;pµXh gq?; B'N, gbkfBµr efwPB

g/Av{ wekB T[;koh fu¤so 45L gzikp ns/ Gkos ftZu g/Av{ wekBK dh jkbs g/Av{ y/so d/ ftek; ns/ so¤eh ƒ :ehBh pDkT[D bJh tXhnk wekB T[;koh gq;fEshnK fJe wj¤sotg{oD b'V jB. 2011 dh iBrDBk s'A gsk brdk j? fe gµikp ftu 45H2 gqshPs g/Av{ xoK ƒ e"wh n";s d/ 45H9 gqshPs w[ekpb/ “tXhnK” ti'A torhfeqs ehsk ik ;edk j? (fu¤so 45) .d{;o/ gk;/ e"wh g¤Xo s/ 6H5 gqshPs dh e"wh n";s d/ w[ekpb/ 7H5 gqshPs g/Av{ gfotko N[¤N/^c[¤N/ xoK ftu ofj oj/ jB. fJ; s'A fJbktk n?BHn?cHn?uHn?;H^4 (2015^16) s'A gsk brdk j? fe e[M g/Av{ gfotkoK dk 72H4 gqshPs g¤e/ xoK ftu ofjµdk j? id'A fe 27 gqshPs nX^g¤e/ xoK ftu ofjµd/ jB s/ e[b nkpkdh d/ e/tb 0H6 gqshPs gfotko e¤u/ xoK ftu ofjµd/ jB.24

24 (2015-16). Nation Family Health Survey (NFHS-4). International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS).

18.7%

22.1%

9.2%7.7%

;afjoh g/Av{

2004-05 2011-12

45.9%47.6%

6.5%

45.2%

47.3%

7.5%

gzikp ftZu e/tb 7H5# g/Av{ wekB y;sk jkbs ftZu jB.

uzr/ ofjD:'r y;sk

;kXBL Gkos dh iBrDBk, 2011

276

p[fBnkdh ;/tktK gqsh gj[µu

gµikp ftu ghD tkb/ gkDh dh shpo xkN fJ; s¤E s'A gqs¤y j? fe gµikp ftu 6 fIfbnK ftZu 100 gqshPs e[b fojkfJPh fgµvK ftu ghD tkb/ gkDh dh do;kT[Ad/ jB.25 ghD tkb/ gkDh dh 100 gqshPs xkN do;kT[D tkb/ 6 fIfbnK ftu'A 5 fIb/ gµikp dh wkbtk g¤Nh Bkb ;pµX o¤yd/ jB. gkDh dh nDT[gb¤pXsk ;pµXh fJ; rµGho ;w¤f;nk bJh fIµw/tko s¤EK ftu Pkwb jB, f;µukJh bJh T[gb¤GX IwhBh gkDh dh d[otos'A ns/ IwhBh gkDh ftu Pkwb Gkoh XksK, ;?b/Bhnw, P'ok, :{o/Bhnw ns/ ehNBkPe dtkJhnK. (gzikp oki ftZu g/Av{ gkDh dh r[Dtzssk dk gqpzXB)26 gµikp ftu 88H2 gqshPs fgµvK ftu T[fus ghD:'r gkDh T[gb¤GX BjhA j?.

n?BHn?;Hn?;HU d/ ghD:'r gkDh, ;ckJh ns/ Gkos ftu wekB T[;koh gq;fEshnK ;pµXh 76t/A okT{Av w[skfpe gµikp ftu 93H4 gqshPs g/Av{ gfotkoK ƒ e"wh n";s d/ 71H3 gqshPs27 d/ w[ekpb/ gkykB/ T[gb¤pX jB. n?BHn?cHn?uHn?w^4 (2015^16) th do;kT[Adk j? fe gµikp ftu 99 gqshPs g/Av{ gfotkoK ƒ T[¤Bs ghD:'r gkDh ;[ftXktK ns/ 99H6 gqshPs ƒ fpibh ;[ftXktK

T[gb¤pX jB।

nktkikJh ;µgoesk

gµikp ftub/ ;ko/ fojkfJPh fgµvK ƒ g¤ehnK ;VeK Bkb i'fVnk frnk j?. gµikp e'b fJe ft;fsqs ;Ve YKuk j?. wkou 2016 d/ nµs s/ gµikp e'b 2769 feb'HwhH bµpkJh tkb/ e"wh Pkj

wkor ns/ 1133 feb'HwhH bµp/ okiwkor ns/ 1,08,379 feb'HwhH bµpk ;Veh YKuk ;h। 2269

feb'HwhH bµpkJh tkbk T[¤u^ftef;s Gkosh o/bt/ bkJhB th gµikp ftu w"i{d j?. ;{p/ ftu Gkos/ d/ e[b o/bt/ YKu/ dk brGr 3H4 gqshPs w"i{d j?.28 gµikp d/ nµeVk ;ko w[skfpe ;kb 2018^19 ftu gµikp d/ gqsh 5,396 b'eK dh nkpkdh fgZS/ fJe vke xo d[nkok ;/tk fdsh iKdh j?. Pjhd Grs f;µx Bro dh nkpkdh dh vkexo ;/tk ;G s'A x¤N ;h id'A fe gmkBe'N dh ;G s'A tX nkpkdh tkb/ vkexo dh ;/tk do 8519 ftnesh ;h.

25 Statistical Abstract of Punjab 26 (n.d.). Towards Managing Rural Drinking Water Quality in the State of Punjab. World Bank. Retrieved from

http://www.pbdwss.gov.in/dwss/circulars/WQ_strategy_mitigation.pdf 27 (2019). Drinking Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Housing Condition in India. Ministry of Statistics and

Programme Implementation. Retrieved from

http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Report_584_final_0.pdf 28 RBI Handbook of Statistics on Indian States


http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Report_584_final_0.pdf

277

nfXnkfJ 3 L T[d:'fre ftek;

gzikp ftZu T[d:'fre ;?eNo dk ;w[¤u/ ih n?¤; th J/ ftu fJ¤e u"EkJh :'rdkB ns/ o[Irko ftZu

fJe fsjkJh :'rdkB j?। gµikp d/ T[d:'fre ;?eNo ftu ;G s'A t¤X :'rdkB w?B{c/?eufozr dk j?.

fi; dk T[d:'fre ;?eNo dh ih n?; th J/ ftZu nZX/ s'A tZX fjZ;k j?. fJ; s'A pknd T[;koh ;p ;?eNo nkT[Adk j? fi; dk :'rdkB T[d:'fre ih n?¤; th J/ ftu fJe u"EkJh s'A e[M e[ t¤X j?.

2018^19 ftu gµikp ftu T[d:'fre ihHn?¤;HthHJ/ dh ftek; B/ ;op Gkosh g¤Xo s/ T[d:'fre ;?eNo ftek; ƒ gSkfVnk. ;kb 2013^14 s'A 2017^18 d/ gµi ;kbk ;w/A d"okB ;op Gkosh g¤Xo s/ T[d:'fre ;?eNo B/ ihHthHJ/H ftu 6H9 gqshPs dk n";sB ftek; doi ehsk id'Afe gµikp B/ ihHn?¤;HthHJ/ ftu 5H6 gqshPs dk ftek; doi ehsk.Gkt/A fe ;kb 2018^19 ftu oki B/ tXhnk ekor[Ikoh ftykJh j? i' fe 5H8 gqshPs dh ftek; do dh ;h. 2019^20 ftu fJj nB[wkB ehsk iKdk j? fe gµikp dh T[d:'fre ihHn?¤;HthHJ/ 4 gqshPs dh do s/ tX/rh i' fe d/P d/ pokpo j't/rh. fJ; ekor[Ikoh dk fpibh ns/ ib tos'A ;?eNo d/ ftek; ftu buesk d/ ekoDK ftu'A fJe j?.

T[sgkdesk ftu id'A fe otkfJsh y/shpkVh ;pµXs ;?eNo fit/A fe c{v gqk;?f;µr ns/ N?e;NkJhb, gkT[D tkbhnK g[PkeK jkth oj/ jB, bkJhN fJµihBnfoµr ;?eNo GftZy ftZu j'o ftek; bJh nt;o gqdkB eo ;edk j?.

3H1 G{fwek ;w[¤u/ ihHn?¤;HthHJ/ d/ brGr fJe u"EkJh ns/ gµikp ftu o[Irko dk fJe fsjkJh fj¤;/dkoh iK :'rdkB eod/ j'J/ gµikp ftu T[d:'r dk ftek; t¤X^c[¤b oj/ y/shpkVh ;?eNo s/ nXkos j?. 1920thA ft¤u Bfjoh f;µukJh, o/bt/ d/ g;ko ns/ gfjb/ ftPt :[¤X ekoD rb'pb nBki dh wµr Bkb y/sh dk tgkoheoB j'fJnk ns/ fJ; d/ Bkb jh ;pµXs T[d:'rK dk ftek; j'fJnk. fJBQK B/ gqk;?;v t;s{nK ns/ y/shpkVh d/ fJBg[ZN; dk T[sgkdB ehsk. 1960thA d/ w¤X ftu joheqKsh d/ nkT[D Bkb fJ;/ soQK dk tkXk t/yD ƒ fwfbnk fiE/ gqc[¤bs j' oj/ y/shpkVh ;?eNo B/ fsµB sohfenK^ y/shpkVh ƒ fJBg[¤N ;gbkJh eoe/ , y/shpkVh d/ nkT{Ng[¤N dh gqk;?f;µr ns/ oki ftu y/shpkVh Bkb i' y[Pjkb j'J/ dh T[u/oh ygs wµr ƒ g{o eoe/ T[sgkdesk ƒ gq's;kjB fd¤sk. (G¤bk,1995)29

fJZE'A sZe fe nZi th y/shpkVh nXkos T[d:'r fit/A fe nBki, phto/I (ghD d/ gdkoE) N?e;NkJhb, gkT[D tkbhnK g[PkeK B/ ofi;Nov w?B{c?eufozr ftu e[b ro'; t?b:{ n?fvv (ihHthHJ/H) ftu 40 gqshPsk ns/ nDofi;Nov w?B{c?eufozr ftu 45 gqshPs dk :'rdkB j?. tX/o/ |;bh ftfGµBsk Bkb, fJj nk; ehsh iKdh j? fe T[d:'fre ;?eNo ftek; d/ Bt/A w[ekw

jk;b eo/rh। dofwnkB/ s'A jkJhN?e T[d:'r fJBQK ftu'A fJe j' ;ed/ jB. fJ; ;w/ fJj T[d:'r

fit/A opV ns/ gbk;fNe T[dgkd, p/f;e XksK (fwv N/?e) ns/ wPhBoh ns/ T[geoD, w'No tkjD

29 Bhalla G S (1995). Agricultural growth and industrial development in Punjab. In Agriculture on the road to industrialization. Mellor,

John W. (Ed.) Chapter 3. Pp. 67-112. Baltimore, MD: Published for the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) [by] Johns Hopkins University Press. http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/129338

278

ns/ j'o Nqk;g'oN T[geoD (jkJh N?e) fwb e/ ofi;Nov w?B{c?eufozr d/ ;?eNo ftu brGr 44 gqshPs dk :'rdkB fdµdhnK jB.

3H2 ekor[Ikoh

2018^19 ftu gµikp ftu T[d:'fre ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H tkXk ;op Gkos g¤Xo *s/ T[d:'fre ;?eNo tkX/ iK ftek; s'A n¤r/ fBeb frnk. (fu¤so 46) 2013^14 s'A 2017^18 ftueko d/ gµi ;kbK ;w/A d"okB ;op Gkosh g¤Xo *s/ T[d:'fre ;?eNo B/ ihHthHJ/H ftu 6H9 gqshPs dk n";sB ftek; doi ehsk id'A fe gµikp B/ ihHn?¤;HthHJ/ ftu 5H6 gqshPs dk ftek; doi ehsk. go ;kb 2018^19 ftu T[d:'fre ihHthHJ/H ftZu oki B/ tX/o/ uµrh ekor[Ikoh ftykJh^ i' fe ;ot Gkos dh T[d:'fre ihHthHJ/H 4H8 gqsh;as d/ w[ekpb/ 5H8 gqshPs ;h.;kb 2019^20 ftu fJj nk; ehsh iKdh j? fe Gkos gZXo s/ wµdh gµikp ƒ th 4 gqshPs nB[wkBs tkX/ Bkb gqGkts eo/rh. fco th fJj g{o/ d/P d/ pokpo j't/rk.

fuZso 46L ;fEo doK *s/ T[d:'fre ihHn?Z;HthHJ/H dk tkXk, Gkos ns/ gzikp

;kXBL w';gh ns/ noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB, gzikp

T[d:'fre ;?eNo ihHn?¤;HthHJ/ ftu fJ; dh t¤vh fj¤;/dkoh ekoD T[sgkdB ;w[¤u/ ;?eNo d/ ftek; dk poheh Bkb fBoXkoD eodk j?. w?B{c/eufozr n¤X/ s'A t¤X T[d:'fre ;?eNo ihHn?¤;HthHJ/ (fu¤so 47) dk fjZ;k j?. fi; s'A pknd T[;koh nkT[Adh j? i' fe T[d:'fre ihHn?¤;HthHJ/ ftu fJe u"EkJh s'A e[M e[ tZX dk :'rdkB fdµdk j?. ;kb 2011^12 ns/ 2018^19 ftueko w?B{c?eufozr ns/ T[;koh T[g^;?eNoK dh fj¤;/dkoh ftu ewh nkJh j? i' fe tX/o/ eoe/ fpibh, r?;, ib ;gbkJh ns/ j'o ;[ftXktK dh tXh j'Jh fj¤;/dkoh ekoD j'Jh.

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

(AE)

;kb 2019^20 ftZu gzikp d/ T[d:'fre ftek; n';s d/ pokpo j'D dh nk; j?.

Gkos gzikp

279

fu¤so 47L gzikp ftu T[d:'fre ihHn?Z;HthHJ/H ftu ;p^;?eNoK dh fjZ;/dkoh, gqubs ehwsK s/

;kXB L noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB, gzikp

fJ;/ soQK fit/A fe fu¤so 48 do;kT[Adk j? w?B{c?eufozr ;?eNo ns/ T[d:'fre ;?eNo dhnK ftek; doK e[b fwbke/ pokpo fijhnK ubdhnK jB. 2019^20 ftu w?B{c?eufozr ;?eNo d/ Xhw/ j'D dk nB[wkB j? fi; dh ftek; do 1H8 gqshPs j'D dh nk; j?. id'A fe j'o T[d:'fre T[g^;?eNoK ftu buesk ekoD ;w[¤u/ T[d:'fre ftek; ftu froktN nkT[D dh T[whd BjhA j?.

fu¤so 48L T[d:'fre ;?eNo ihHn?Z;HthHJ/H dk ftek; do

;kXBL noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB, gzikp

fiafbQnK ftZu T[d:'fre ekor[iakoh fJ; s'A gqGkts j[zdh j? fe eh T[j gkfe;skB dh ;ojZd 's/ ;fEs jB. fJj fiabQ/ r[odk;g[o, gmkBe'N, nzfwqs;o, soB skoB, fco'iag[o ns/ ckfiabek jB. fJBQK fiafbQnK ftu 2011^12 ns/ 2016^17 d/ ftueko gqsh ftnesh n";s T[d:'fre ihvhthJ/ 12,916 o[gJ/ ojh. fJ; d/ T[bN, r?o^;ojZdh fiafbQnK ftZu gqsh ftnesh n";s T[d:'fre ihvhthJ/ T[;/ fwnkd d/ d"okB 27,356 o[gJ/ ojh.

3H3 T[d:'fre T[sgkdB ;{ue nze

0.1%

58.17%

11.1%

30.7%

0.1%

55.03%

18.9%26.0%

yfDi gdkoE ns/ gZEoeZYDk

w?B{c?eufozr fpibh,r?;,gkDh dhg{osh ns/ j'o ;j{bs

;/tktk

T[;koh

2011-12

2018-19

w?B{c?feufozr T[d:'fre ihn?;thJ/ d/ nZX/ s' tZX fjZf;nk bJh ikoh j?.

4%5% 5%

6%7.1%

5.9% 5.6%

1.8%

-4%

0%

4%

8%

12%

16%

2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17(R) 2017-18(P) 2018-19(Q) 2019-20(A)

T[d:'r d/ y/so ftZu tkXk w?B{c?eufor d/ tkX/ B{z do;kT[dk j?.

T[d:'r w?B{c?eufozr fpibh,r?;,gkDh dh g{osh ns/ j'o ;j{bs ;/tktk T[;koh

280

ihHn?¤;HthHJ/ o[MkBK d/ T[bN iBob T[d:'fre T[sgkdB d/ fJµv?e; (nkJhHnkJhHghH) B/ ;kb 2018^19 ftu wIp{s tkXk do;kfJnk j?. ;kb 2017^18 ftu e[b nkJh nkJh gh dk tkXk 4H6 gqshPs s'A ;kb 2018^19 ftZu 11H2 gqshPs j' frnk. w?B{c?/eufozr 80H7 gqshPs d/ fj¤;/ Bkb ;kb 2016^17 s'A fJ;/ soQK tfXnk j?, feT[Afe nkJh nkJh gh fJe tkfb:{w^nXkos T[gkn j? fJ; bJh T[d:'fre ihHn?¤;HthHJ/ d/ Bkb o[MkBK ftu nµso nY[etK j?, noEks T[sgkdB dk tkXk j'D d/ pkti{d T[sgkdB d/ w[¤b ftu tkXk Xhwk j' ;edk j?.

fu¤so 49L nkJhHnkJhHghH dh ftek; do


fu¤so 50 ;kb 2016^17 s'A 2018^19 d/ fsµB ;kb d/ ;w/A d"okB nkJhHnkJhHghH dh n";s ;kbkBk ftek; do *s/ nXkos uµrh ekor[Ikoh eoB tkfbnK ns/ ;[;s ekor[Ikoh eoB tkfbnK ƒ do;kT[Adk j?. fit/A fe t/fynk ik ;edk j? fe N?e;NkJhb, n?gob, ykX ns/ ghD d/ gdkoEK B/ uµrh ekor[Ikoh ftykJh j?. gµikp ftu nfXesw T[sgkdB ftek; j'o T[dgkdB, ekrI ns/ ekrI d/ T[sgkdK, j'o NqK;g'oN T[geoDK ftu j'fJnk j?. ;G s'A x¤N T[sgkdB ftek; uwVk ns/ uwV/ d/ T[sgkdK ns/ j'o r?o^Xksh yfDiK ftu j'fJnk.

3.0%

3.7%

4.5%

2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

w?B{c?eufozr

5% 5%

11.2%12%

8%

36%

2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

iBob fJv?e; fpibh

281

fu¤so 50L 2016^17 s'A 2018^19 d"okB nkJh nkJh gh dh n";s ;kbkBk ftek; do


3H4 o[Irko

T[d:'fre ;?eNo gµikp ftu e[b o[Irko dk fJe fsjkJh fj¤;/ dk :'rdkB fdµdk

j?(ghHn?bHn?cHn?;, 2017^18)30 । fJj ;kb 2011^12 ns/ 2015^16 s'A e[M e[ t¤X j? (n?w U

n?b Jh, 2016; n?B n?; n?; U, 2014)31 T[d:'fre ;?eNo d/ ftu ;G s'A tX fj¤;/dkoh T[sgkdB (57 gqshPs) dh j?, fi; s'A pknd fBowkD (40 gqshPs) ns/ fco fpibh ;?eNo (2H4 gqshPs)

30NSSO(2019).PeriodicLabourForceSurvey.Availableat


18_31052019.pdf?download=1 31 Ministry of Labour and Employment (2016). Report on Fifth Annual Employment - Unemployment Survey. Available at

http://labourbureaunew.gov.in/UserContent/EUS_5th_1.pdf NSSO (2014). Employment and Unemployment Situation in India. NSS 68th round. July 2011-June 2012.Available at

http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/nss_report_554_31jan14.pdf PLFS 2017-18 and Employment Unemployment Survey 2011-12 are not strictly comparable



282

nkT[Adk j?. ;kb 2011^12 s'A fJj fj¤;/dkoh brGr fJj' ojh j? Gkt/A ;kbK d"okB e[M spdhbhnK nkJhnK jB. o[Irko ftu w?B{c?eufozr dh fj¤;/dkoh ftu ;kb 2011^12 ns/ 2015^16 ftu froktN nkJh ns/ fco ;kb 2017^18 se fJj mhe j' rJh . fJ;/ soQK w?B{c?eufozr ;?eNo dh fj¤;/dkoh ;kb 2011^12 ns/ 2015^16 ftueko tX rJh ns/ fco fJ; ftu froktN nkJh. d{i/ gk;/ fpibh, ib ;gbkJh, ns/ j'o T[g:'rsk ;/tktK dh fj¤;/dkoh ftZu fJ; ;w/A d"okB froktN nkJh.

fu¤so 51L o[Irko ftu T[d:'fre ns/ T[g^;?eNoK dh fj¤;/dkoh

;kXBL ghohnkve b/po c'o; ;ot/ 2017^18, o'iarko ns/ p/o'iarko ;fEsh Gkos 2011^12, o'iarko ns/ p/o'iarko ;ot/ 2015^2016 B'NL fsBK ;oftnK dk vkNk s[[bBkswe BjhA j?.

T[;koh ;?eNo gµikp bJh fJe wj¤stg{oD ;?eNo j? ns/ fJj T[sgkdesk s'A pknd T[d:'fre ;?eNo ftu o[Irko d/D tkbk d{ik gqw[¤y ;?eNo j?(;kb 2017^18 ftu 15 ;kb ns/ fJ; s'A t¤X

T[wo d/ toeoK dk 13H32 gqshPs)। yokp eµw^ekih ;fEshnK ƒ t/yd/ j'J/ oki ;oeko B/ oki

ftu fBowkD ekfwnK dh ;wkfie ns/ nkofEe ;[o¤fynk bJh t¤y^t¤y gfjbedwhnK ehshnK jB. ;kb 2009 ftu rms gµikp fpbfvµr ns/ j'o fBowkD ekw/ GbkJh p'ov ph U ;h toeoK (fpbfvµr ns/ j'o T[;koh ekw/) ƒ ;wkie ns/ nkofEe bkG w[¤jJhnk eotkT[Adk j?. p'ov ph U ;h toeoK ƒ phwk ;jkfJsk, eµwekih T[geoDK, dh yohd bJh ;jkfJsk, pkJh^;kfJeb T[geoD, ftnkj ;pzXh ;jkfJsk,w?NofBNh bkG, w"s ns/ ;z;eko ;pzXh ;jkfJsk, d[oxNBk, t¤vhnK fpwkohnK d/ fJbki bJh w?vheb you, o?e'rBhPB nkc gqkfJo bofBµr (nko gh n?b)

53.4%45.4%

57.0%

4.8%

3.8%

2.4%

41.8%49.5%

40.2%

2011-12 2015-16 2017-18

yfDi gdkoE ns/ gZEo eZYDk w?B{c?/eufozr fpibh,r?;,gkDh dh g{osh ns/ j'o ;j{bs ;/tktk T[;koh

w?B{c?eufozr T[d:'r y/so ftZu ;G s'A tZvk wkbe j?

283

bJh ;jkfJsk ns/ j[Bo ftek;32 d/ o{g ftu eJh bkG gqdkB eodk j?. e[M ftP/P ;ehwK j/m fbyhnK ;kwb jBL • ntk; bJh ftnki ;pf;vhL

p'ov dh Pfjoh nktk; :'iBk Pfjoh fBowkD ekfwnK fiBK dh ;kbkBk nkwdB 6 b¤y o[gJ/ s'A x¤N j?, ƒ 20 ;kbK d/ ;w/A bJh bJ/ rJ/ 6 b¤y o[gJ/ d/ eoI bJh 6H5 gqshPs dh ftnki ;pf;vh gqdkB eoe/, ft¤sh ;jkfJsk gqdkB eodh j?.

• g?BPB

ofi;Nov fBowkD ekwk 60 ;kb dk j'D s/ ns/ fsµB ;kb dh w?ApofPg s'A pknd 2,000$^ o[gJ/ gqsh wjhB/ dh g?BPB bJh j¤edko j't/rk. • w'pkJhb b?p ;ehwL ofi;Nov T[;koh d/ ekfwnK ns/ T[BQK d/ gfotkoe w?ApoK dhnK f;bhe'f;; ns/ j'o fpwkohnK dk S/sh gsk brkT[D ftu wdd eodh j?. fJ; ;ehw d/ sfjs ekw/ tb'A you/ rJ/ 1H5 b¤y o[gJ/ s¤e dh gqfsg{osh ehsh iKdh j?.

• ft¤sh ;jkfJskL

O ofi;Nov bkGgksoh iK T[; d/ gfotko d/ w?ApoK ƒ ;XkoD ;oioh bJh 50,000$^ o[gJ/ dk ft¤sh bkG iK n;b youk, fijVk th x¤N j't/, dh ndkfJrh ehsh iKdh j?.

o T[;koh d/ ekfwnK ns/ T[BQK d/ gfotko d/ w?ApoK ƒ n?BeK, dµd ns/ ;[DB ;pµXh T[geoDK bJh eqwtko 800 o[gJ/, 5,000 o[gJ/ ns/ 6,000 o[gJ/ dh gqshg{osh oew gqdkB ehsh iKdh j?.

3H5H g{µih fBowkD

T[d:'fre ;?eNo ftu fBt/P gµikp ftu e[b fBt/P, dk brGr n¤Xk j?. ;kb 2017^18 sZe T[d:'fre ;?eNo ftu eZ[b g{µih fBowkD ihHn?¤;HthHJ/ dk 31 gqshPs ;h (fu¤so 52) Gkt/A fBt/P x¤N j? go ;kb 2015^16 s'A fBt/P ftu tkXk j'fJnk j?.

fu¤so 52L^ gqubs ehwsK s/ T[d:'fre ;?eNo ihHn?¤;HthHJ/ d/ nB[gks d/ o{g ftu ih n?; ;h n?c


32 Source: http://bocw.punjab.gov.in/index.aspx?id=Welfare%20Schemes&Data=38

28.7%30.2%

38.2%

32.3%

28.3%29.9% 31.1%

2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

;kb 2015^16 s'A T[d:'fre y/so d/ g{zih fBowkD ftZu tkXk

284

e[b T[d:'fre ;?eNo ft¤u fBt/P dh pDso ftu spdhbh ojh j? (fu¤so 53). e[b T[d:'fre g{µihrs fBowkD ;?eNo d/ w?B{c?eufozr ;?eNo dk fj¤;k ;kb 2011^12 ft¤u 87 gqshPs s'A x¤N e/ 2017^18 ft¤u 67 gqshPs j' frnk. fJj ;kb 2014^15 ns/ 2016^17 ftueko 8 gqshPs n";s froktN s'A pknd j?. fco th 2017^18 ftu foetoh j' rJh ns/ g{µih fBowkD ftu 16 gqshPs dk tkXk j'fJnk. ;kb 2011^12 ftu T[;koh ;?eNo ns/ fpibh, r?; ns/ ib ;gbkJh ;?eNo dh fj¤;/dkoh brGr pokpo ;h. fco th T[;koh ;?eNo d/ fBt/P ftu brksko tkX/ ekoD e[b T[d:'fre g{µih fBowkD ftu fJ; dh fj¤;/dkoh ;kb 2017^18 ftu tZX e/ 27 gqshPs sZe j' rJh.

fu¤so 53L^ T[d:'fre ih n?; ;h n?c ftu T[d:'fre T[g^;?eNo dh fj¤;/dkoh


fBt/P:'r cµvK dh T[gb¤GXsk

e[b g{µih fBowkD ftu tkXk okPNoh o[MkBK dh soQK gµikp ftu ihHthHJ/H nB[gks ftu eq?fvN dh froktN d/ pkti{d j'fJnk. ;kb 2017^18 ftu fJj nB[gks ftZu 67 gqshPs se dh frotkN nkJh j?, fijVk fe fgSb/ ;kb 69 gqshPs ;h. eq?fvN ftu froktN d/ okPNoh o[MkB ƒ NftB p?bµ; PhN (Nh ph n?;) ;w¤f;nk B{z fIµw/tko mfjokfJnk frnk j?. Nh ph n?; iBse y/so d/ p?AeK dh ewi'o p?b/A; ;ahN dk jtkbk fdzdh j? feT[Afe tX/o/ ekor[ikoh tkbhnK ikfJdkdK ns/ ekog'o/N dh nukBe ftZsh ;fEsh d/ ekoD eoi/ dh xkN xZN ojh j?.fJj gµikp bJh th fejk ik

;edk j? Gkt/A d/P d/ ;w[¤u/ pekfJnk eq?fvN ftu gµikp dh fj¤;/dkoh ftu froktN j' ojh j?। eq?fvN pekfJnk dh ftek; do th Xhwh j' ojh j? Gkt/A ;kb 2017^18 ftu foetoh j'Jh j? (fu¤so 54)

87%

67%

27%

6%0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

w?B{c?eufozr T[;koh fpibh,r?;,gkDh dh g{osh

T[d:'fre y/so ftZu g{zih fBowkD T[;koh tZb f;acN j' fojk j?.

285

fu¤so 54L^ T[d:'fre ;?eNo d/ eq?fvN ftu ftek;^ Gkos ns/ gµikp

;kXBL j?vp[Ze nkc ;N?fN;fNe; nkB fJzvhnB ;N/N,nkophnkJh

3H6 u'Dt/A T[d:'fre T[g^;?eNoL ;µy/g Mks

w?B{c?eufozr ;?eNo

fit/A fe T[go t/fynk frnk j?, w?B{c?eufozr ;?eNo gµikp d/ T[d:'fre ihHn?¤;HthHJ/ d/ n¤X/ s'A t¤X ns/ oki d/ T[d:'fre o[Irko dk 57 gqshPs j?.w?B{c?eufozr ofi;Nov iK nB^ofi;Nov j' ;edk j?. T[d:'rK dk ;bkBk ;ot/yD (J/ n?¤; nkJh) oki ftu c?eNohnK T[s/ nB[wkB w[¤jJhnk eodk j? fijVhnK fe c?eNoh n?eN dh Xkok 2 n?¤w (i) ns/ 2 n?¤w (ii) sfjs ofi;No ehshnK rJhnK ;B^ noEks T[j fJekJhnK iK :{fBN fijV/ fe x¤N'^x¤N 10 toeoK ns/ fpIbh Bkb ekoiPhb jB iK fpBK fpibh s'A 20 toeoK Bkb ekoiPhb jB. nBfJBekog'o/fNv n?ANogqkJhI ;ot/ (:{ Jh n?¤;) c?eNohI n?eN dh Xkok 2 n?¤w (i) ns/ 2 n?¤w (ii) sfjs ofi;No Bk j'J/ nBfJBekog'o/fvv T[¤dw ƒ eto eodk j?. J/ n?; nkJh ;kb 2016^17 ns/ :{ Jh n?¤; ;kb 2015^16 dh tos'A gµikp ftu T[sgkdB dh gqfeosh pko/ e[M frnkB jk;b eoB bJh ehsh rJh j?.

ofi;Nov w?B{c?eufozr

;koDh 23, gzikp dhnK T[jBK 10 fPyo d/ T[d:'rK ƒ g/P eodh j? fijV/ fe oki ftu ofi;Nov w?B{c?eufozr ;?eNo tb'A e[¤b t?b:{ n?fvv ftu nkgDh fj¤;/dkoh g¤y'A f;yo s/ jB. fit/A fe t/fynk ik ;edk j?, fJ; wkgdµv g¤y'A n?ro'^nXkos T[d:'r f;yo s/ jB. ykX T[sgkd, N?e;NkJhb ns/ g[PkeK e[b w[¤b ehwsK ftu 40 gqshPs d/ B/V/ dk :'rdkB gkT[Ad/ jB. wPhBoh ns/ T[geoD NqK;g'oN ns/ Xks T[sgkdB d{;o/ j'o wj¤stg{oD ;?eNo jB. fJBQK ftu'A g{µih gqXkB ;?eNo^e[b g{µih fBowkD dh tX/o/ fj¤;/dkoh ƒ t/yd/ j'J/^ ykX T[sgkdK, wPhBoh ns/ T[geoDK dk fBowkD eoB tkb/ jB. pknd d/ ;?eNo ftu nkT[D tkbhnK c?eNohnK th ;G s'A tX/o/ w[Bkck ewkT[D tkbhnK jB fiBQK s'A pknd T[j c?eNohnK nkT[AdhnK jB fijVhnK w'No tkjD, Nq/bo ns/ noX^Nq/boK dk w?B{c?eufozr eodhnK jB.

-15%

-10%

-5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

;kb 2017^18 ftZu pekfJnk eq?fvN dh ftek; do

gzikp ;ot Gkos

286

;koDh 23L gµikp ftu ofi;Nov T[d:'rK d/ u[Dt/A ;{ueK dh ekor[Ikoh

oki ftZu ekoiPhb

c?eNohnk dh frDsh ftZu fjZ;k

ofi;Nov w?B{c?efuor ;?eNo

dk ihHthHJ/ dk fjZ;k

ofi;Nov w?B{c?efuor ;?eNo dk ihH;hHn?c ftZu

fjZ;k

gqsh c?eNoh bkG(bZyK ftZu)

ykD gdkoE 23% 19% 20% 78.53

N?e;NkJhbI 6% 14% 2% 24.64

wPhBoh ns/ j'o n'Iko 8% 13% 20% 256.83

nDXksh yfDi gdkoE 19% 6% 0% 41.19

gfjBD tkb/ eZgV/ 7% 5% 2% 21.91

w{b Xks 7% 5% 9% 47.69

j'o nktkikJh d/ T[geoD 6% 5% 6% 26.44

c?pohe/Nv Xks gdkoE 7% 5% 4% 59.86

w'No tkjB, No/boI ns/ ;?wh No/boI 2% 5% 6% 184.48

o;kfJDe ns/ o;kfJD gdkoE 1% 4% 7% -75.05

;kXBL J/ n?; nkJh, 2016^17

nDofi;Nov w?B{c?eufozr

ihHthHJ/H ftu fj¤;/dkoh g¤y'A f;yo d/ 10 ;?eNo nDofi;Nov w?B{c?eufozr bJh fJZe ;wkB jB (fu¤so 55) . fbpk; T[sgkd, ykX T[sgkd, N?e;NkJhb wPhBoh ns/ T[geoD T[BQK ;?eNoK ftu'A jB, fiBQK dh ihHthHJ/H ftu tX/o/ fj¤;/dkoh j?. gfjBD tkb/ fbpk; ;pzXh T[d:'r dk ihHthHJ/H dk fj¤;k s[bBkswe s"o s/ x¤N j? go c?eNohnK dh ;µfynk dk fj¤;k fInkdk j?.

pknd d/ GkrK ftu n;hA w?B{c?eufozr d/ e[M wj¤stg{oD T[g^;?eNoK s/ Mks gkT[Ad/ jK। fJzBQK

ftu c{v gqk;?f;µr, N?e;NkJhb ns/ bkJhN fJµihBnfoµr ns/ ;g'oN; ;pµXh t;s{nK d/ T[d:'r Pkwb jB.

287

fu¤so 55L nBofi;Nov w?B{c?eufozr 2015^16 bJh ih thJ/ ns/ c?eNohnK dk fjZ;k

;kXBL :{ Jh n?; 2015^16

c{v gqk;?f;µr T[d:'r

T[¤u g¤Xoh gqk;?f;µr tkbk fJ¤e uµrh soQK fte;s c{v gqk;?f;µr ;?eNo w[¤b tkX/ ftu so¤eh bJh ;jkfJsk eodk j?, |;bh ftfGµBsk fte;s eodk j?, fe;kBK dh tXhnK foNoB B{z :ehBh pDkT[Adk j?, o[Irko fte;s eodk j? ns/ Bkb jh fBo:ks nkwdB ftu tkXk eodk j?. fJj ;?eNo nBki ;[o¤fynk, nBki d/ wfjµr/ j'D ns/ nkw iBsk ƒ Gog{o g'PfNe G'iB w[j¤Jhnk eotkT[D d/ rµGho wkwfbnK dk ;kjwDk eoB d/ th ;woE j[µdk j?. fJ; bJh fJ; ftu e'Jh j?okBh tkbh r¤b BjhA fe fJ; ƒ *;BokJhI fJµv;Noh* fejk iKdk j?.

nkw s"o s/ c{v gq';?f;zr T[d:'r Gkos ftu S'N/ ns/ fyzv/ j'J/ pkiako d/ fjZ;/dkoh ekoD gkpzd jB. gµikp oki ftZu c;bK dh t¤X, g?dktko j'D ekoD c{v gqk;?f;µr :{fBNK ƒ fJE/ ;Ekfgs eoB bJh fJj fJe nkdoP w[ekw j?.

;kb 2016^17 d/ T[d:'rK d/ ;bkBk ;ot/yD d/ nB[;ko c{v gqk;?f;µr T[d:'r (ykX ns/ ghD :'r gdkoEK dk T[sgkdB d't/A jh) B/ ;kb 2016^17 ftu gµikp d/ ofi;Nov w?B{c?/eufozr ;?eNo ftu ihHthHJ/H d/ 21H09 gqshPs dk :'rdkB fd¤sk. c{v gqk;?f;µr ftu *nBki fwb T[sgkd, ;Nkou ns/ ;Nkou T[sgkd, ;G s'A t¤X :'rdkB gkT[D tkb/ ;B, fi; dk ;pµX gµikp ftu eDe ns/ M'B/ dh Gog{o g?dktko Bkb j?. (fu¤so 56)

11%9%

7%5%

3% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1%

42%

17%

8%

5% 4%5%

4%5%

2% 1%

gfjB

D tk

b/ e

ZgV/

ykX

gdko

E

j'o fBo

wkD

c?poh

e/Nv

Xks

gdk

oE ,f;

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wPhB

ohT[ge

oD

N?e;N

kJhb

I

bZeV

, bZeV

s/ e

koe d

/ ;wk

B dk

fBow

kD,c

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o ns/

c{; s

/ pD/

;wkB

ns/

gb/fN

r w

Nhoh

nb

s' fJ

bktk co

Bhuo

wPhB

oh n

s/ ;k

i'' ;w

kB d

h ;E

kgBk

ns/

wo[zws

wPhB

oh n

s/ j'o

n'Ik

o

j'o n

tkik

Jh d

/ n'Ik

o

y/shpkVh nkXkos T[d:'r nBofI;Nov w?B[c/eufozr ;?eNo

ihHthHJ/ ftZu fjZ;k

c?eNohnK dk fjZ;k

288

fu¤so 56L ;kb 2016^17 ftZu ofi;Nov c{v ns/ ghD gdkoE dh gq';?f;zr ftZu ihthJ/ dk fjZ;k

;kXBL J/ n?; nkJh, 2016^17

gqsh :{fBN w[Bkc/ d/ g¤y'A cb ns/ ;pIhnK dh gqk;?f;µr, whN gqk;?f;µr ns/ v/noh T[sgkd f;yo d/ 5 ;?eNoK ftu'A ;B (fuso 57). fJj th |;bh ftfGµBsk dk ft;Eko eoB ns/ gP{ gkbD ƒ fte;s eoB dk ekoD gqdkB eodk j?.

fu¤so 57L T[¤u g¤Xo dhnK gµi ofi;Nova c{v ns/ ghD:'r gdkoE gq';?f;µr T[d:'r, 2016^17 dk w[Bkck gqsh :{fBN (b¤yK ft¤u o[gJ/)

;kXBL J/ n?; nkJh, 2016^17

nDofi;Nov T[sgkdB ftu th nBki fwb T[sgkdK ;Nkou ns/ ;Nkou T[sgkdK B/ ihHthHJ/H (:{ Jh n?¤;, 2015^16) ftu nfXesw fj¤;/dkoh dk :'rdkB fd¤sk fi; s'A pknd j'o ykX T[sgkd nkJ/. go fco th phto/i w?B{c?eufozr (ghD:'r gdkoE) ihHthHJ/H gqfs :{fBN g¤y'A f;yo s/ fojk fi; s'A pknd ;pIhnK ns/ gP{ s/b nkT[Ad/ jB.

gµikp ;oeko B/ c{v gqk;?f;µr :{fBN ƒ gq's;kjB d/D bJh eJh edw u[¤e/ jB. jkb jh ftu, fJµvhnB fJµ;NhfuT{N nk| c{v gqk;?f;µr N?eBkb"ih (nkJh nkJh n?c gh Nh) B/ pfmµvk, fty/ nkgDk ;µgoe d|so y'fbnk j? fi; dk wµst T[¤dw ƒ ftef;s eoBk ns/ c{v ;?eNo bJh yk; eoe/ d/P d/ T[¤soh Gkr ftu e[Pb ekfwnK dh f;oiDk eoBk j?. e/Ado B/ gfjbK jh ;?ANob :{Bhtof;Nh nk| gµikp d/ ;fj:'r Bkb c{v gqk;?f;µr ftu c{v ftu skiak o[MkBK T[s/ okPNoh

31%27%

15%11% 9%

3% 2% 2%

nBki fwZbT[sgkd,;Nkouns/ ;Nkou

T[sgkd

cb ns/;pihnK

j'o ykDgdkoE

ghD gdkoE v/noh T[sgkd pB;gsh ns/ikBtoK dk s/b

ns/ uophfBoXkfos

gP{ y[okefsnko eoBk

gz'q;?f;r ns/gqh;oftzr nkc

whN

1409

1079

175 132 104

cbK ns/ ;pihnKdh gqk;?f;µr ns/

gqh;oftr

whN dh gqz';?f;rns/ gqh;oftr

ghD:'r gdkoE j'o ykX gdkoE v/noh gdkoE

289

;?whBko dk nk:'iB ehsk j? ns/ ;?ANo j[Bo ftek; ns/ fJBfeT[p/PB ;/tktK bJh w[eµwb :{fBN ti'A ft;Eko eoB bJh fsnko j?. fJBQK e/AdoK okjhA nkJh nkJh n?c gh Nh c{v gqk;?f;µr d/ y/so ftu f;ybkJh w[j¤Jhnk eoe/ ckofwµr efwT{fBNh dh ;/tk eo ojh j?. fJBQK ;µgoe d|soK okjhA nkJh nkJh n?c gh Nh nkgD/ y/so dk ft;Eko eo fojk j? sK i' ;N/e j'bvoK ƒ j'o ;oft; w[j¤Jhnk ehsh ik ;e/ ns/ T[BQK b'eK ƒ fiBK ƒ ;/tk w[j¤Jhnk BjhA ehsh ik ;eh ƒ nkX[fBe seBheK gqdkB ehshnK ik ;eD. p[fBnkdh YKuk fit/A fe c{v gqk;?f;µr :{fBN iK fJBfeT[p/PB ;?ANo, f;ybkJh ebk; o{w, f;fynkoEh j';Nb ns/ d|so ;Ekfgs ehs/ rJ/ sK i' nkJh nkJh n?c gh Nh (n?w U n?c gh nkJh 2019)33 d/ ;µgoe d|soK fty/ ;N/ej'bvo ƒ ;/tk w[j¤Jhnk ehsh ik ;e/.

gµikp bJh gqtkfBs 3 w?rk c{v gkoeK ftu'A nµsookPNoh c{v gkoe fbwfNv ckfIbek gfjbK jh ukb{ j? id'A fe gµikp n?ro' fJµv;NqhI ekog'o/PB fbwfNv (gh J/ nkJh ;h) b[fXnkDk ns/ ;[yihs w?rk c{v gkoe ns/ fJBcok fbwfNv eg{oEbk nwb nXhB jB. fJ; s'A fJbktk fvt?bgw?AN nk| r[¤v e[nkfbNh n?Av j?bdh o/vh N{ fvqµe eBe'ePB nk| fwbe Nh T[s/ oh;ou bJh 31H46 bZy dh rqKN s/ o?fgv n?Av eBcow/Noh fvN?ePB nk| fJµwg'oN?AN n?Bhwb whN p/;v c{v p'oB g?E'iBI n?Av fJN; n?;';hJ/fNv Nke;he?N; n?Av B?u[ob Nke;he?AN :{fIµr fJw{T{B' fj;N' g?E'b'iheb n?Av w'bheT{bo N?eBhe;^J/ ;N?g N{tovI tB j?bE eB;?gN T[¤s/ oh;ou bJh 8 b¤y o[gJ/ dh rqKN r[o{ nµrd d/t t?NohBoh n?Av n?Bhwb ;kfJµf;I :{Bhtof;Nh, b[fXnkDk ƒ d/ fd¤sh rJh j?.

N?e;NkJhbI ns/ g[Pke T[sgkdB T[d:'r

gµikp ftu Gog{o ;o's nXko dh T[gb¤pXsk ns/ wIp{s eskJh ;wo¤Ek ekoD N?e;NkJhb T[d:'r oki dh e[b T[sgkdB ftu t¤vk :'rdkB fdµd/ jB. N?e;NkJhb ns/ g[Pke T[sgkdB T[d:'r B/ 2016^17 ftu gµikp d/ ofi;Nov T[sgkdB ;?eNo ftu e[¤b w[¤b tkX/ dk 19H21 gqshPs dk :'rdkB fd¤sk. 2016^17 ftu gµikp B/ N?e;NkJhbI ns/ g[Pke T[sgkdB T[d:'r d/ e[b ihHthHJ/H ftu'A 54H7 gqshPs dk :'rdkB ;fgfBµr, thftµr ns/ ;{sh N?e;NkJhbI dh fcfBfPµr bJh ehsk fi; s'A pknd ;kb 2016^17 ftu p[DkJh ns/ eo'Phnk n?gob dk 23H1 gqshPs dk :'rdkB fojk. fJ; B/ oki ftu T[¤B nXkos T[d:'rK dh wjs¤sk ƒ ;Ekgs ehsk. j'o N?e;NkJhbI T[sgkdB B/ th gµikp d/ N?e;NkJhbI ns/ g[Pke T[sgkdB T[d:'r ihHthHJ/Hftu 17H2 gqshPs dk wj¤stg{oD :'rdkB fd¤sk. (fu¤so 58)

33 Ministry of Food Processing (2019). Annual Report 2018-19. Government of India

290

fu¤so 58L ofi;Nov N?e;NkJhbI ns/ g[Pke T[sgkdB, 2016^17 ftu ihHthHJ/H dk fj¤;k

;kXBLJ/ n?; nkJh 2016^17

gqfs :{fBN w[Bkc/ g¤y'A *w?B{c?eufor nk| ndo N?e;NkJhbI* ;G s'A tfXnk ekor[ikoh fdykJh (62 b¤y o[gJ/) fi; s'A pknd *fBfNv n?Av eo'Phnk n?gob* fojk (13 b¤y). nDofi;Nov T[sgkdB ;?eNo ftu ihHthHJ/H ftZu ;G s'A tX fj¤;/dkoh dk :'rdkB gkT[D tkbhnK g[PkeK B/

fd¤sk। (fu¤so 59) fu¤so 59L nDofi;Nov N?e;NkJhbI ns/ g[Pke T[sgkdB 2015^16 ftu ihHthHJ/H dh fj¤;/dkoh,

;kXB L :{ Jh n?¤; 2015^16

gµikp ftu N?e;NkJhbI ƒ fte;s eoB bJh gµikp ;oeko tb'A u[¤ehnK rJhnK gqw[¤y gfjbedwhnK ftu jkJh c?PB rkow?AN; n?Av N?e;NkJhbI ftZu nkjbk doi/ d/ e/Ado ti'A n?B nkJh nkJh n?c Nh dh ngrq/vPB, ek¤wB n?cb{n?AN NqhNw?AN gbKN; dh ;Ekgsh ƒ ;j{bsK d/Dk ns/ N?e;NkJhb ns/ fBNthno :{fBNK ƒ nfXesw n?c J/ nko dk T[gpµX Pkwb jB. T[d:'r ƒ w[j¤Jhnk ehs/ rJ/ ft¤sh gq's;kjBK ftu n?; ih n?; Nh 100 gqshPs S'N, Jh vh ns/ n?; vh dh 100 gqshPs, ;h n?b :{$ Jh vh ;h dk 100 gqshPs ns/ gqkgoNh N?e; dh fJjBK :{fBNK B{z

54.7%

23.1%

17.2%

5.0%

eZgV/ dh eskJh ns/p[DkJh

p[D/ ns/ eo'u/v eZgV/ dkfBowkD

[ j'o eZgVk T[sgkdB gfjBD tkb/ eZgV/ dkfBowkD,f;tkJ/ co s'

eZgV/ dh eskJh ns/ p[DkJh7#

[j'o eZgVk T[sgkdB16#

gfjBD tkb/ eZgV/ dk fBowkD,f;tkJ/ co s'

66#

p[D/ ns/ eo'u/v eZgV/ dk fBowkD

11#

291

gzikp ftZu 100 gqshPs N?e; s'A S'N fdZsh rJh j?. n?Aeo :{fBNK ƒ th 15 ;kbK bJh e[b n?¤; ih n?¤; Nh dh 100 gqshPs gqfsg{osh ;fEo g{µih fBt/P dk 200 gqshPs se, G"A tos'A you/$pkjoh ftek; you/ s'A 100 gqshPs sZe dh S'N 48000 o[gJ/ s¤e dh o[Irko f;oiB ;pf;vh$eowukoh$gµi ;kb bJh ns/ x¤N' x¤N 50 J/eV oep/ bJh y/shpkVh i'B ftu G"A tos'A d/ you/ s/ spdhbh s/ S'N (T[d:'r ns/ tDi ftGkr, 2018)34. fJµN/rq/fNv N?e;NkJhb gkoe bJh ;ehw sfjs gµikp ftu e[b 4 N?e;NkJhb gkoe ekoiPhb jB. bkJhN fJµihBhnfoµr

bkJhN fJµihBhnfoµr fJ¤e ftftX T[d:'r j? fi; ft¤u x¤N seBhe tkb/ T[sgkdB ;akwb j[µd/ jB fit/A fe YbkJh ns/ G¤mh s'A b? e/ T[¤u seBhe d/ T[d:'fre gqfefonk fB:µsoD T[geoD ns/ vkfJrB";fNe w?vheb T[geoD dk T[sgkdB j[µdk j?. gµikp fJ; v'w/B ftu fJe wj¤stg{oB j?;hns o¤ydk j?.

;kb 2016^17 s'A fJj ofi;Nov w?B{c?eufozr ;?eNo ftu oki d/ e[b ihthJ/ dk brGr 5H5# :'rdkB gkT[Adk j?. fJ; ftu'A ;G s'A t¤X :'rdkB ;kJheb w?B{c?eufozr t¤b'A gkfJnk iKdk j?. b[fXnkDk fJ¤e wj¤stg{oB ;kJheb T[sgkdB ;w{j j?. fJ; s'A pknd Xks{nK dh YbkJh ehsh iKdh j? i' fe bkJhN fJµihBhnfoµr d/ y/so ftu 24# ihthJ/ ftZu :'rdkB gkT[Adh j?. oki ftu ibµXo eb;No w;ahBoh d/ fj¤;/ ns/ y/shpkVh T[geoDK dh YbkJh bJh w;aj{o j?. Xks pµXe w?B{c?eufozr T[d:'r th wiap{s j?, i' fe oki d/ e[b ihthJ/ ftu brGr 13# dk :'rdkB gkT[Adk j?. (fu¤so 60)

fu¤so 60L 2016^17 ftZu ihHthHJ/H dk fj¤;k ns/ fJekJhnK dh frDsh, ofi;Nov bkJhN fJµfiBhnfoµr T[d:'r

;kXBL J/ n?; nkJh, 2016^17

34 Department of Industries & Commerce (2018). Industrial and Business Development Policy 2017 Amended as on 30.07.2018. Govt of

Punjab.Available at http://investpunjab.gov.in/Content/documents/Notifications/Industrial_and_Business_Development_Policy_2017.pdf

56.8%

24.1%

12.7%

2.5% 1.4% 1.0% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0%

;kfJ

eb n

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kfDe

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ns/

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w{b b

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dhnK fN

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ns/

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r/n

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s/vqk

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ksT[sg

kdk dk

fBo

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;kJheb T[sgkdB bkJhN fJzihBhnfozr T[d:'r s/ Gkoh j?

ihHthHJ/ ftZu fjZ;k

:{fBNk dh frDsh dk fjZ;k

292

bkJhN fJµihBhnfoµr dk r?oôfi;Nov w?B{c?eufozr ftZu brGr 6H3# fjZ;k j?. fJjBK ft¤u'A, ihthJ/ dk fInkdkso fj¤;k Xks pµXe ns/ ;kJheb T[sgkdB jB. (fu¤so 61)

fu¤so 61 L ihHthHJ/H dk fj¤;k ns/ fJekJhnK dh frDsh, ofi;Nov bkJhN fJµfiBhnfoµr T[d:'r, 2015^16

;kXBL :{ Jh n?; 2015^16

Gkos ;oeko B/ nwohek, ikgkB ns/ iowBh ftu gqd{;aD o'eEkw d/ ;ys fB:wK ƒ ftukofdnK b'j/ dh YbkJh ƒ Gft¤y d/ ftek; bJh fJe wj¤stg{oB y/so ti'A ftP/P s"o s/ wkBsk fd¤sh j?. ;kJheb w?B{c?eufozr, i' fe ofi;Nov ns/ r?oôfi;Nov w?B{c?eufozr d'tK ft¤u jh wj¤stg{oB j?, d/;a dhnK fBo:ks fJ¤SktK, yk; eoe/ g/;a/to ns/ n?vt/Auo ;aq/DhnK ft¤u (T[d:'r ns/ nµdo{Bh tgko dk gquko ftGkr, 2019)35, ƒ g{ok eoB ft¤u ;jkJh f;¤X j' ;edk j?. oki ;oeko B/ b[fXnkDk ftu jkJh^N?e ;kJheb t?bh ƒ T[s;akfjs ehsk, p[fBnkdh YKuk w[j¤Jhnk eotkT[D, rµd/ gkDh d/ NqhNw?AN, fviakJhB ;j{bsK, t/nojkT{f;µr ns/ bkfi;fNe ;/tktK fJ; ;µpµX ftu bkGdkfJe f;¤X j' ;edhnK jB (T[d:'r ns/ tDi ftGkr, gzikp ;oeko, 2018).

y/v ;wkB T[d:'r

T[d:'rK d/ ;bkBk ;ot/yD ;kb 2016^17 nB[;ko gµikp d/ y/v ;wkB w?B{c?eufozr ;?eNo dh rqk; t?b:{ n?fvv ftu 0H8 gqshPs dk :'rdkB ;h.gqsh ofi;Nov c?eNoh 70H17 b¤y o[gJ/ ns/ r?oôfi;Nov w?B{c?eufozr ;?eNo dh ihthJ/ ftZu 0H18 gqshPs dk bkG ;h. oki ftu ibµXo y/v ;w¤roh dk w?B{c?eufozr dk e/Ado j?. gµikp ;oeko ibµXo ftu ;g'oN; r[via gkoe ;Ekfgs eoB dk fJokdk o¤ydh j?. j'o ;j{bsK d/ Bkb^Bkb, fJ; ft¤u seBkb'ih ;jkfJsk gqdkB eoB bJh fJ¤e seBkb'ih ;?ANo j't/rk. fi; ft¤u ;oNhfce/PB ns/ N?;fNzr ;?No j'Dr/.

35 Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (2019). Annual Report 2018-19.

Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Available at

https://dipp.gov.in/sites/default/files/annualReport_2018-19_E_0.pdf

72%

18%

7%1% 1%

55%

25%

16%

3% 1%

w?Nb ck;NBo ;kfJeb ns/ ngqwkfDerZvhnK

j'o c?pohe/Nv XksT[sgkdk dk fBowkD

Xks dh ek;fNr phnfozr, r/noI,r/nfozrns/ vqkfJftzr

IhHthHJ/ ftZu fjZ;k :{fBNk dh frDsh ftZu fjZ;k

293

3H7 fpIbh, r?;, ib^;gbkJh ns/ j'o T[g:'rsk ;?eNo

fpibh gµikp fpibh dh tXdh wµr ƒ g{ok eoB ftu ;|b fojk j?. oki ftu fpibh dh nB[wkBs wµr brksko tXh j?.fgSb/ ;kb 53098 d/ w[ekpb/ ;kb 2017^18 s¤e fpibh dh nB[wkBs wµr 54,812 w?:{ ;h. fpibh g?dk eoB ftu tkX/^xkN/ d/ pkti{d fpibh dh T[gb¤pXsk fpibh dh wµr d/ brGr pokpo ojh fit/A fe (fu¤so 62) ftu ftykfJnk frnk j?. fu¤so 62L gµikp ftu fpibh dh wµr ns/ T[gb¤pXsk

;kXBL oki tko fpibh dh iao{os ns/ T[gbpXsk j?vp[Ze nkc ;N?NfNe; nkB fJzvhnB ;N/N,nkophnkJh

e[dosh o{g ftu oki ftu fpibh dh ygs ftu brksko tkXk j'fJnk j?. oki B/ ft¤sh ;kb 2018^19 d"okB 47548H96 fwbhnB e/ vpfbT{ n?u fpibh dh ygs ehsh i' fe ft¤sh ;kb 2017^18 s'A 0H8 gqshPs t¤X j?.

fJj wj¤stg{oD nkofEe ;µe/s jB. fit/A fe fu¤so 63 do;kT[Adk j?, 60 gqshPs fpibh ygs y/shpkVh ns/ T[d:'fre ;?eNo d[nkok ehsh iKdh j?. brGr 29 gqshPs xo/b{ ygs j?, fgSb/ ;kbK ftu fi; d/ fj¤;/ ftu tkXk j'fJnk j?. fu¤so 63L fpibh ygs dh ;?eN'ob fj¤;/dkoh


30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

55000

60000

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

wzr(n?w :{) T[gb¤pXsk(n?w :{)

9.8

11.7 13.622.0

28.9 28.7

36.038.1 36.3

42.034.00 37.00

38.0 43.7 42.928.9 26.5 23.6

1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2017-18 2018-19

iBse o'PBh E'e ns/ j'o tgkoe xo/b{ T[d:'fre y/shpkVh

T[d:'fre ns/ y/shpkVh ;?eNo ftZu fpibh dh 60# ygs j?.

294

;kb 2018 s¤e, oki ft¤u ;Ekgs ;wo¤Ek dk finkdkso fj¤;k Eowb ;o'sK s'A nkT[Adk fojk j?.Gkt/A fe, BftnkT[D:'r ns/ ;t¤S T{oik d/ ;o's, fit/A fBT{ebhno, jkvqhU ns/ j'o BftnkT[D:'r (;{oih, jtk nkfd) pkeh ofjµd/ ;q'sK ftu Pkwb jB (fu¤so 64). fJ; ftu j'o tkXk ;µGt j? i/eo gµikp nkgD/ ft;fsqs y/shpkVh ;?eNo ƒ d/yd/ j'J/ oki ftu pkfJUwk; dh ;aesh dk Gog{o bkG T[mkT[Adk j?. (fu¤so 64)

e[¤b ;Ekfgs ;wo¤Ek ftu'A 35 gqshPs gµikp ;oeko dh j?, 49 gqshPs fB¤ih wkbeh tkbh j? ns/ 17 gqshPs e/Adoh wkbehns nXhB j?.

fu¤so 64L wkou, 2018 s¤e, ;Ekgs ;wo¤Ek (w?rktkN) dh gqshPs ti'A, gµikp ft¤u fpibh d/ ;kXB

;kXBL ;?ANob fJb?eNqf;Nh nEkoNh Gkos ;oeko

pke; 12L gµikp ftu pkfJUwk; g'N?A;hnb pkfJUwk; dh ftnkfynk ihts iK jkb ftu jh wo/ ihtK ns/ T[BQK ihtK g"d/ iK ikBto d/ e'Jh th T[g^T[sgkdK ti'A ehsh iKdh j?. pkfJUwk; T{oik d/ ;µdoG ftu fJj T[BQK |;bK, ofjµd^y{µjd ns/ j'o i?fte ;w¤roh bJh tosh iKdh j? fiBQK dh tos'A ntP/P (c'f;b) pkbD dh EK T{oik ns/ j'o T[sgkdK d/ T[sgkdB bJh ehsh iKdh j?. ihts pkfJUwk; ekopB nµdo b?Adk j? fit/A T[j tXdk j? ns/ id'A T{oik bJh tofsnk iKdk j? sK fJj ekopB S¤vdk j? fi; d/ Bshi/ ti'A ekopB^fBT{Nob u¤eo pDdk j? fi; ekoD rqhBjkT{; r?;K dk tksktofDe eB;BNq/PB BjhA tXdk. pkfJUgkto y[Pe pkfJUwk; iK pkfJUr?; (whE?B) d/ fi; ƒ fB:µsqs n?B/o'fpe vkJhi/PB okjhA fJe¤mk ehsk iKdk j?, d/ pbD iK r?;heoD okjhA pDkJh ik ;edh j?. pkfJU^gkto d/ pj[s ;ko/ ckfJd/ jB i' j/m nB[;ko jBL Œ fJj tksktoD nB[e{b ns/ BftnkT[D:'r j?

Œ fJj ;aesh dk fte/Adohfeqs o{g j?^ fJ; bJh fJ; ftu x¤N g{µihrs bkrs d/ Bkb^Bkb T[sgkdB ns/ tµv dh x¤N ehws ;akwb j[µdh j?

Œ fJj ;EkBe b'eK ƒ o[iarko d/ w"e/ gqdkB eodh j?

Œ pkfJUwk; fpibh T[sgkdB bJh c;bK dh ofjµd y{µjd dh tos'A eo e/ gokbh ;kVB d/ w[¤d/ ƒ j¤b eoB ft¤u ;jkfJsk eo ;edh j?

t¤v/ y/shpkVh ;?eNo ekoB gµikp e'b 3172 w?rktkN pkfJUwk; T{oik bJh T[¤u ;wo¤Ek w"i{d j?, i' fe ;Ekgs ;wo¤Ek Bkb'A tX/o/ j?. n?go, pkfJUwk; T{oik dh ;Ekgs ;wo¤Ek ftu ;kb 2017 ftu

Eowb60H6#

fBT{ebhno 1H5#

jkJhvo' 28H4#

BftT[D:'r T{oik9H5#

Eowb fBT[ebhno jkJhvo' BftT[D:'r T{oik ;qz's

295

179 w?rktkN s'A 2018 ft¤u 317H10 w?rktkN Gkt 77H2gqshPs dk tkXk j'fJnk (n?wHUHn?¤;HghHnkJhH, 2019) pkfJUwk; gkto d/ bkG bJh fJe wj¤stg{oD o[ektN iawhBh wbehnsK dk yµvK ftu tµfvnk j'Dk Pkwb j?, fi; ekoB gbKNK ƒ ;hiaB d/ ;w/A jo/e |kow s'A gokbh fJe¤mh eoBh g?Adh j? ns/ ;N'o ehsk j'fJnk pkbD ;kb d/ d"okB ygs j' iKdk j?. Gkt/A fe, ;N'o ehsh gokbh dk pkbD w[¤b ;w/A d/ Bkb xNdk iKdk j?. fJ; ƒ d{o eoB bJh, fe;kBK Bkb ;KM/dkoh eoe/ T[BQK d/ y/sK dh ofjµd^y{µjd ƒ u'D ehs/ rJ/ ;µrqfj e/AdoK ftu iwQK eokT[D Bkb gq'i?eN ;µGkth s"o *s/ wiap{s ;µpµX ekfJw eo ;ed/ jB. ftebfge s"o *s/, tgkoe o{g Bkb Y[et/A S'N/ pkfJUwk; gkto gq'i?eNK ƒ fte;s eoB bJh ekoi ehsk ik ;edk j? i' e?uw?N J/ohnk s'A e{Vk u[¤ed/ jB. rµBk fw¤bK Bkb skbw/b, rµB/ d/ |{; ƒ pkfJUwk; ti'A tosD dk fJe j'o wkor j' ;edk j?.

e[b fwbk e/, ;wo¤Ek d/ w[ekpb/ x¤N ;Ekfgs ;wo¤Ek oki g¤Xoh Nhu/ fBoXkos eoB dh iao{os ƒ do;kT[Adh j?. fJj gµikp T{oik ftek; J/iµ;h dh fJe ftnkge Bhsh dk fj¤;k j' ;edk j?, fi; ƒ pkfJU pkbD dhnK bhjK s/ ok;aNoh Bhsh d/ nB[;ko fsnko ehsk ik ;edk j?.

Sources: CRGGS (2015). Climate Resilient Green Growth Strategies for Punjab (Summary for

Policymakers). Implemented by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) in Collaboration with

Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) MOSPI. (2019). Energy Statistics 2017-18. MOSPI.

3H8 T[d:'rK dk nkeko nXkos torheoD

bx{ T[d:'r

n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhIH ;?eNo s[bBkswe s"o s/ x¤N g{µih bkrs s/ t¤v/ o[Irko d/ w"e/ gqdkB eoB ftu fJe wj¤stg{oD G{fwek ndk eodk j?. n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhI g/Av{ ns/ gSV/ y/soK d/ T[d:'rheoD ftu th ;jkfJsk eodk j? fi; Bkb y/soh n;µs[bB x¤Ndk j?. n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhH ;?eNo ;wkfie^nkofEe ftek; bJh fJe fJµiB d/ s'o s/ T[Gfonk j?.

gµikp ftu nkN' eµg'B?AN;, ;kJheb g[ofinK, j"Ioh, y/vK dk ;wkB, y/shpkVh T[geoDK Bkb ;pµXs wIp{s nXko tkb/ 2 b¤y s'A t¤X bx{ T[d:'r jB. fJBQK ftZu fgSb/ ;w/ ftu pj[s ftek; j'fJnk j? ns/ T[sgkdB d/ w[¤b ftZu ;kb 2015^16 ns/ 2017^18 ftueko n";sB 12 gqshPs dh do ftu tkXk j'fJnk j?.. 2017^18 d"okB n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhH :{fBNK dh frDsh ftu 26,683 dk tkXk j'fJnk, fi; Bkb 1H40 b¤y b'eK ƒ o[Irko fwfbnk. e[b fwbke/ 14H8 b¤y s' tZX b'eK B{z bx{ T[d:'r ftu o[Irko gqkgs j'fJnk j?.

bx{ T[d:'rK dk tX/o/ eoe/ T[sgkdB b[fXnkDk ftu jh e/Adfos ;h, fJ; dk T[sgkdB w[b 66,606H59 eo'V o[gJ/ (fu¤so 65) ;h. b[fXnkDk s'A pknd ckfibek (6828H89 eo'V o[gJ/), cfsjrVQ ;kfjp (5,908H57 eo'V o[gJ/) ns/ nfwqs;o (5661H50 eo'V o[gJ/) dk T[sgkdB bx{

:{fBNK s' j'fJnk j?।

296

fu¤so 65L ;kb 2017^18 ftZu S'N/ gZXo d/ T[d:'rK d/ T[sgkdB ftZu u'Nh d/ gzi fibQ/ (o[gJ/ eo'V)

;kXBL vkfJo?eNo T[d:'r ns/ ekwo;, gzikp

oki dh n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhH Bhsh jo ;kb 10 eb¤;NoK ftu gqsh:'rsk tXkT[D, nkw ;j{bs$;{ftXk e/Ado ;Ekgs eoB ns/ seBkb"ih e/AdoK ƒ ngrq/v eoB bJh jo ;kb 10 eb¤;NoK dk v{µxkJh Bkb nfXn?B eoe/ fJjBk fJekJhnK d/ tkX/ ƒ s/I eoBk ukj[µdk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk Bhsh B/

t¤y^t¤y b'VK tkb/ n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhiH d/ t¤y^t¤y gVktK dh PBkys ehsh j?। n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhH

d/ ftek; ƒ ftnkge s"o s/ gµi gVktK ftu Pq/Dhp¤X ehsk frnk ;h^eko'pko pko/ ;'uDk, eko'pko P[o{ eoBk, eko'pko ƒ tXkT[Dk, eko'pko ƒ w[V ;[oihs eoBk ns/ eko'pko ƒ S¤vDk ns/ gkfb;h nB[;ko fJjBK t¤y^t¤y gVktK dhnK t¤y^t¤y b'VK Bkb ftek; ns/ ekor[Ikoh dh gj[µu Bkb Bfi¤mdh j?.

;oeko B/ T[d:'fre ns/ eko'pko ftek; nEkoNh d/ fj¤;/ t¤i'A n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhIH gµikp B{z ;Ekgs ehsk j? sK i' j/m fby/ gqw[¤y ekoiK B{z Bfi¤md/ j'J/ ftek; T[s/ fXnkB e/Ados ehsk ik ;e/L^ i) pdb/ j'J/ nkofEe tksktoD ftu n?wHn?¤;Hn ?wHJhH dh gqsh:'rsk ƒ tXkT[Dk ii) ftsh ;µ;EktK $p?AeK s'A T[Xko iK eoI ƒ :ehBh pDkT[Dk iii) seBkb"ih ngrq/v/PB ns/ nkX[fBe eoB bJh ;jkfJsk w[j¤Jhnk eoBk iv) nkX[fBe iKu ;[ftXktK ns/ r[DtZsk s;dheheoB w[j¤Jhnk eoBk j?) nkX[fBe w?B/iw?AN N?;fNzr s¤e gj[µu w[j¤Jhnk eotkT[Dk ns/ T[sgkdeK d/ ftek;, vhikJhB ns/ g?e/fiµr bJh ;jkfJsk gqdkB eoBk.

t¤v/ ns/ dofwnkB/ T[d:'r

;kb 2017^18 ftu t¤v/ ns/ dofwnkB/ T[d:'rK dk ftek; tfXnk, fi; Bkb T[sgkdB w[¤b fgSb/

;kb 30H1 gqshPs d/ w[ekpb/ 41H6 gqshPs tZX j'fJnk. fJ; ;w/A d"okB gµikp ftu 10 Bt/A :{fBN ;Ekgs ehs/ rJ/ fi; ftu 64,564 j'o ftneshnK ƒ o[Irko fd¤sk frnk. gµikp ft¤u t¤v/ T[d:'fre :{fBNK dh e[b frDsh 504 ;h. fi; dh ;fEo g{µih 97,27,611 o[gJ/ ;h ns/ 3,36,581 ftneshnK ƒ o[Irko fdZsk frnk .

oki ftu ;G s'A t¤X T[sgkdB ibµXo d/ w¤Xw ns/ t¤v/ T[d:'rK dk 37,491H10 eo'V o[gJ/ ;h. ibµXo s'A pknd b[fXnkDk (33,495 eo'V o[gJ/), pfmµvk (31,082H70 eo'V o[gJ/) ns/ n?; J/ n?; Bro (18,579H99 eo'V o[gJ/) ;h. (fu¤so 66)

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b[fXnkDk ckfIbek cfsjrV ;kfjp nzfwqs;o ;zro{o

297

fu¤so 66L ;kb 2017^2018 ftZu fifbnk d[nkok t¤v/ ns/ dofwnkB/ g?wkB/ d/ T[dwK dk T[sgkdB dk w[Zb (o[gJ/ eo'V)


pke; 13L wkJheo', bx{ ns/ dofwnkB/ T[¤dwK bJh jkb jh ftu ehs/ T[gkn

n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhH gµikp

oki ftu n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhIH t¤b'A nDfrDs u[D"shnK B{z Bfi¤mD bJh fJ; ƒ rshPhb ;?eNo pDkT[D bJh ftek; T[s/ fXnkB e/Ados eoB bJh gµikp T[d:'r ns/ eko'pko ftek;

nEkoNh d/ fj¤;/ t¤i'A ‘n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhH gµikp* ;Ekfgs ehsk j?। n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhH :{fBNK ƒ

ft¤s$eq/fvN s¤e gj[µu, seBkb"ih s¤e gj[µu, wkoehN s¤e gj[µu, e'Pb$j[Bo ns/ ;?eNo dhnK j'o Io{osK s¤e gj[µu w[j¤Jhnk eotkT[D bJh n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhH gµikp e'b ;wofgs vthIBK ns/ b'VhAdk w[ekpbk eoB dh :'rsk j't/rh. fJ; d/ ;N/e j'bvoK ƒ t¤y^t¤y ;/tktK gqdkB eoB ftu g/P/to J/iµ;hnK ;jkfJsk eoBrhnK. fIbQk g¤Xoh f;µrb ftµv' f;;Nw

fIbQk g¤Xo s/ T[d:'r yk; eoe/ n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhH ;?eNo ƒ ;jkfJsk gqdkB eoB bJh oki fIbQk g¤Xo s/ fJ¤e wIp{s ns/ gqGktPkbh f;µrb ftµv' f;;Nw ;Ekgs eo/rk. fJj ;kohnK o?r{b/Noh ;/tktK ns/ ft¤sh gq's;kjBK bJh fJZe ;Nkg ebhn?o; w[j¤Jhnk eodk j? ns/ ;jkfJsk ;/tktK dhnK ;j{bsK ns/ n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhH :{fBNK s¤e gj[µu dh ;j{bs th fdzdk j?. n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhH eb¤;No ftek; gq'rokw

oki t¤y^t¤y G{r'fbe EktK s/ T[jBK dh w"i{drh d/ nXko s/ t¤y^t¤y T[d:'r eb¤;NoK dh ;g¤PN s"o s/ gSkD ;Ekgs eo/rk. T[jBK dh j'Ad ns/ b'VhAd/ ;pzX gqdkB eoB bJh fJj ihHnkJhHn?¤;H s/ wkoe ehsk ikt/rk. oki t¤y^t¤y n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhH eb¤;NoK d/ ftek; ns/ ngrq/v eoB bJh e/Ado ;oeko ;ehwK dh fiankdk T[g:'rskA T[s/ fXnkB e/Ados eo/rk. ;pµXs eb¤;NoK d/ n?;ghth; GkJhtkbh Bkb nkw ;j{bsK ;Ekgs ehshnK ikDrhnK. eb¤;No ftek; bJh e/Ado ;oeko dhnK ;ehwK s'A fJbktk oki fJ; dhnK b'VK ns/ e/Ado ;ehw ftu r?g d/

nXko s/ eb¤;No ftek; bJh nkgDh ;ehw th fsnko eo/rk।

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298

seBkb"ih s¤e gj[µu

oki fJe seBkb"ih e/Ado ns/ fJe ;KMk ;j{bs e/Ado jo/e gqw[¤y T[d:'fre eb¤;No bJh ;Ekgs eo/rk. w"i{dk e[nkbNh wkofeµr ;?ANoI (feT[n?w;hi) ns/ nkJh vh ;h ƒ seBkb"ih e/AdoK ns/ ;KM/ ;j{bs e/AdoK ti'A ;[XkoB dk eµw ehsk ikt/rk. oki ftu 13 w"i{dk (feT[n?w;hi) ns/ 20 (nkJhvh;hi) jB fijV/ fe t¤y^t¤y ;?eNoK fit/A fJµiBhfoµr, y/vK dk ;wkB, uwVk g/AN, N?e;NkJhb ns/ wPhB N{b nkfd dhnK b'VK dh g{osh eo oj/ jB. phwko n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhH :{fBNK dh g[Bo^;[oihsh ns/ g[Bo pjkbh oki dhnK ;woE fttjkoe phwko fJekJhnK dh gSkD, d/yGkb ns/ g[Bo pjkbh g?e/i w[j¤Jhnk eoB bJh nko ph nkJh cq/wtoe d/ bkr{eoB dk fBohyD eo/rk. oki phwko fJekJhnK dh gfjukD eoB bJh fIbQktko ;{uh fsnko eo/rk. gSkD ehs/ rJ/ fttjkoe phwko n?wHn?¤;Hn?wHJhIH ƒ okjs dh pjkbh ns/ w[V ;[oihs eoB bJh oki t¤b'A ;jkfJsk fd¤sh ikt/rh.

3H9 T[d:'rK dh so¤eh bJh ehshnK rJhnK t¤y^t¤y ;oekoh gfjbedwhnK

oki tZb' Jhi nkc v{fJzr fpiB; Bz{ s/I eoB bJh Gkos ;oeko (phnkoJ/gh 2019) tZb'A ikoh fpiB; ;[Xko n?ePB gbkB bkr{ ehsk frnk j? ns/ r'o eoB :'r ;[Xko j/m nB[;ko jBL^

1H fJBt?;N gzikp fpiB; co;N g'oNb Bz[ fifbQnK sZe tXkfJnk frnk. 2H JhHnke;aB okjhA nkBbkJhB b?Av nbkNw?AN. 3H b[fXnkDk fty/ ;wofgs ewo;ahnb e'oN. 4H fBowkD gofwN d/D tk;s/ nkBbkJhB f;zrb ftzv' f;;Nw. fpbfvzr gbkB ngo{tb, n;EkJh fpibh e[B?e;aB, gkDh ns/ ;hto/i e[B?e;aB ns/ ckfJo n?BHUH;hH ;pzXh fBowkD gofwN d/D bJh i[nkfJzN ;kJhN fJz;g?e;aB f;;Nw. 5H e/Adoh fJz;g?e;aB f;;Nw Gkt b/po, p[nkfJbo ns/ ghHghH;hHphH;pzXh ftGkr d/ w[yh dh gqtkBrh s'A fpBk ;ogokJhi fJz;g?e;aB BjhA j't/rh. 6H fJzv;Nohnb c'eb g[nkfJzNK fty/ fpibh dk e[B?e;aB 7$15 (okJhN nkc t/n) fdBK ftZu. 7H iwhB d/ b?D^d/D, gqkgoNh N?e; ns/ e'oN e/;K ;pzXh fJzBN?rq/fNv b?Av foekov. 8H d[ekBK ns/ tgkoe EktK dh ofi;Nq/;aB fJZe fdB ftZu, BthBheoB dk ykswk. 9H ;w{j fJzv;Nqhnb c'eb g[nkfJzNK d/ ihHnkJhHn?;H nXkfos Be;a/. 10H wk;No gbkB ns/ e?v;Nob Bef;anK dh nkBbkJhB T[gbpXsk.

gµikp fpT{o' nk| fJBt?;Nw?AN gqw'PB (ghHphHnkJhHghH) dh ;EkgBk

gµikp ;oeko B/ oki ftu Bt/A fBt/PK dhnK sIthiK ƒ tB^;Nkg o?r[b/Noh gqtkBrhnK w[j¤Jhnk eoB, fBt/P ƒ gq's;kjB d/D bJh okPNoh ns/ nµso okPNoh g¤Xo s/ T[d:'r Bkb skbw/b o¤yD bJh gµikp fpT{o' nk| fJµBbt?;Nw?AN gqw'PB (gh ph nkJh gh) ;Ekgs ehsk j?.

299

gµikp fpT{o' nk| fJµBt?;Nw?AN gqw'PB dh ;Ekgsh d/ Bshi/ ti'A gµikp oki ƒ d;µpo 2019 s¤e 57,735 eo'V o[gJ/ dk gqki?eN gqkgs j'J/ jB.

;NkoN^ng ns/ T[¤dwsk ftek;

;NkoN^ng ns/ T[¤dwsk 2017 ftu T[d:'fre ns/ eko'pko ftek; Bhsh dk wj¤stg{oB Ezw j? .bhI feokfJnk ;pf;vh, ftnki ;pf;vh, ;hv czfvr d/ o{g ftu ftsh gq's;kjB ;NkoN^ng :{fBNK bJh T[gb¤GX jB. fJ;/ soQK nkJh ph vh gh 2017 sfjs fJBfeT{p/NoI ƒ g{µih ;pf;vh ns/ j'o gq's;kjB T[gb¤pX jB.fwsh 16H01H2018 ƒ n?; Nh gh nkJh Bkb fJe fJeokoBkwk ehsk frnk sK i' n?; Nh gh nkJh w'jkbh fty/ gµikp ;NkoN^ng jp ;Ekgs ehsk ik ;e/. n?; Nh gh nkJh w'jkbh fty/ * fBT{o'B* ;NkoN^ng j¤p dh ;kcN bKu ;sµpo 2019 ftu ehsh ik u[¤eh j?.

w[¤y wµsoh, gµikp B/ ;NkoN^ng fJe'f;;Nw d/ ;ko/ s¤sK Bkb i[VB ns/ ;fj:'r bJh ;NkoN^ng bJh gb/Nckow ti'A gµikp ;NkoN^ng g'oNb P[o{ ehsk j?. ;NkoN^ng gµikp B/ ;kb 2019 d/ P[o{ ftu ;NkoN^ng fJµvhnk gµikp :ksok Jht?AN 19 t?B ;Nkg; ns/ 8 p{N e?AgK Bkb ehsk fi; ftu ftuko ;pµXh toePkg ns/ fJBQK ftukoXkoK ƒ nrKj tXkT[D d/ ;?PB j'J/. ;NkoN^ng gµikp B/ j?e?E'B Jht?AN gfNnkbk dh Ekgo ;µ;Ek ns/ p{N e?Ag ibµXo fty/ nk:'iB th ehsk j? rq?Av fcBkb/ ftu gµi t¤y^t¤y ;?eNoK s'A fsµB T[u^e'Nh ftukoK ƒ g[o;eko fd¤sk frnk.

wkJheo', bx{ T[¤dw eb;No ftek; gq'rokw

n?wJhn?Z;^;hvhgh dhnK ;'XhnK ;ehwK d/ fd;ak fBod/;aK nB[;ko ftGkr B/ j[D ;kcN fJzNot?PBI b?D ns/ ft;fsqs gq'i/eN fog'oNK (vhghnkoia) fsnko eoB bJh 23 ebZ;No, 19 vkfJrB';fNe ;NZvh fog'N (vhn?;nko) dh gSkD ehsh j?. fJe nkw ;j{bs e/Ado noEks w[jkbh jkJhFN?e w?Nb ebZ;No, pkEo{w ns/ ;/B/NohFt/no fcfNzr; ;EkgBk nXhB j? fi; dh bkrs 14H07 eo'V j?. nZr/ Gkos ;oeko B/ nkgDh fwsh 25H07H2018 B{z j'Jh ;N/nfozr ew/Nh dh whfNzr ftu s/b eZYD tkb/ ns/ b[fXnkDk d/ gkoN; ebZ;No gqki?eN$vhghnko B{z nzfsw wBia{oh fdZsh ;h ns/ Gkos ;oeko ;jkfJsk dh gfjbh fe;as 5H40 eo'V o[gJ/ i[bkJh,2019 ftu tosh rJh j? ns/ Gkos ;oeko B{z d{ih fe;as ikoh eoB bJh p/Bsh ehsh ik ojh j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk fwsh 27H02H2019 B{z j'Jh ;Nhnfozr ew/Nh dh p?me ftZu Gkos ;oeko B/ ckTAvoh ns/ IBob fJzihBhnfozr ebZ;No, eg{oEbk d/ gqi?eN$vhghnko B{z nzfsw gqtkBrh d/ fdZsh j? ns/ nkN' N?e ebZ;No, b[fXnkDk d/ vhghnko B{z f;XKse gqtkBrh d/ fdZsh j?. jkb jh ftZu, Gkos ;oeko B/ nkgDh ;Nhnfozr ew/Nh dh p?me fwsh 2H7H2019 B{z rkow?AN ebZ;No, b[fXnkDk ftZu ;hHn?cH;hH d/ gqki?eN B{z nzsw wBia{oh d/ fdZsh j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk fwsh 22H01H2020 B{z j'Jh ;Nhnfozr ew/Nh dh p?me ftu Gkos ;oeko B/ efNzr N{b ebZ;No, gfNnkbk ftu ;hHn?cH;h B{z f;Xkse s"o s/ gqtkBrh d/ fdZsh j?.

ghn?;nkJhJh;h, n?wTn?wn?;n?wJh dh n?wn?;Jh^F;hvhgh ;ehw d/ nkJhvh ezg'B?AN d/ nXhB gzikp d/ 17 nkJhn?cghia B{z ngrq/v eo fojk j?.fJjBK gq'i?eNK dh e[Zb bkrs 146H22 eo'V j?.

300

fJ; ;w/A tZy tZy nkJhn?cghia fiBK ftZu' 17 nkJhvh gq'i?eN uZb oj/ jB s'A 24 n?;ghth B{z nzfes ehsk frnk j? .

fJBt?;N gµikp fpIB; c;N g'oNb dk ftek;

oki B/ fJe nkB^bkJhB g'oNb noEks fJBt?;N gµikp fpIB; c;N g'oNb* (nkJh gh ph n?c gh) fte;s ehsk j? fijVk fe fJb?eNqkfBe g'oNb j? ns/ i' T[d:'rK ƒ ;/tktK w[j¤Jhnk eotkT[D tkb/ t¤y^t¤y o?r[b/Noh ftGkrK ns/ J/iµ;hnK okjhA t¤y^t¤y fJb?eNqkfBe fJµNoc/;K dh EK bt/rk. fJj fJe ;KM/ ;w{fje wµu ns/ eko'pko fjs/Ph B?Ntoe okjhA eko'pkoK ƒ ;kohnK o?r[b?Noh ;/tktK ns/ ft¤sh gq's;kjB gqdkB eo/rk. fJj g'oNb fsµB wkfvT{bK noEks fJBt?;No Nq?eo, ft¤sh gq's;kjB ns/ j?r[b/Noh ;/tktK ftu tµfvnk frnk j?. fJ; g'oNb ftu 14 ftGkrK dhnK 46 o?r[b?Noh ;/tktK ns/ 36 ft¤sh gq's;kjB ;ehwK fte;s ehshnK rJhnK jB. g'oNb ƒ fte;s eoB d"okB vh nkJh gh gh, Gkos ;oeko tb'A ikoh fpiB; ohc'ow n?ePB gb?B, 2018 dhnK f;ckoPK ƒ fJ; g'oNb ftu Pkwb ehsk frnk j?. w[y wµsoh gµikp tb'A nkJh gh ph n?c gh fwsh 6H11H2018 ƒ ;|bsk g{ote nkoµG ehsk frnk. fts fBt/PeK ƒ nkJh gh ph n?c gh dh tos'A ;jkfJsk d/D bJh gµikp d/ ;ko/ fIfbQnK ftu fpIB; c?;hfbNoI dh s?Bksh ehsh rJh j?.

T[d:'rK ƒ fpibh s/ ;pf;vh

ft¤sh ;kb 2019^20 ftu 1513 eo'V o[gJ/ dk e[b piN gh n?; gh ;h n?b dh T[d:'fre ;pf;vh sfjs gqkgs ehsk frnk j?.

T[d:'fre p[fBnkdh YKu/ ƒ ngrq/v eoBk

oki B/ b[fXnkDk c/I ^4, ibµXo (g[okDk ns/ ft;Eko), pfmµvk (BtK) ns/ wµvh r'fpdrVQ fty/ T[d:'fre p[fBnkdh YKu/ ƒ ngrq/v eoB dh fiµw/tkoh 21H84 eo'V o[gJ/ dh nB[wkBs bkrs Bkb ;w{fje p[fBnkdh YKuk ftek; ;ehw sfjs bJh j?. fJj gmkBe'N, nµfwqs;o (BtK), r'fJµdtkb ;kfjp, uBkb'A, j[fPnkog[o, BtKPfjo, pNkbk, e'Neg{ok, BkGk(g[okDk), w'rk, ;µro{o, yµBk ns/ v/okp¤;h fty/ 130H90 eo'V o[gJ/ dh nB[wkBs bkrs Bkb fJ; ;ehw sfjs ngrq/v eoB dh fiµw/tkoh th bt/rk.

fJ; s'A fJbktk gµikp ;oeko gh n?; nkJh Jh ;h okjhA XBK;{ fIbQk b[fXnkDk fty/ 383 J/eV d/ y/so ftu 500 eo'V o[gJ/ dh nB[wkBs bkrs Bkb ftPt g¤Xoh nkbQk doi/ dh jkJh^N?e ;kJheb t?bh fte;s eoB bJh fJZe n?Aeo :{fBN ;Ekfgs eo ojh j? fi; Bkb Bk f;oc d/P pbfe ftd/PK d/ fBt/PeK ƒ th nkeoPs ehsk ik ;e/rk. jho' ;kJheb n?f;boh$t?Avo :{fBNK d/ Bkb^Bkb T[d:'fre gkoe ƒ fte;s eoB bJh w'fpfbNh ;"b{PB fit/A pkJh ;kfJebK Jh^pkJheI nkfd d/ fBowkD bJh 100 J/eV IwhB s/ n?Aeo :{fBN brk fojk j?.

301

nfXnkfJ 4L ;/tktK y/so

;/tktK y/so B/ ;kb 2019^20 (nr/s/) ftu gµikp d/ e[Zb w{b tkX/ ftZu 46H7 gqshPs dk :'rdkB

gkfJnk ns/ e[¤b ekfwnK ftZu'A 40H9 gqshPs ƒ o[Irko fd¤s/. ;kb 2012^13 s'A 2019^20

(nr/s/) d"okB ;/tktK y/so dh ftek; do ;w[Zuh ftek; do Bkb'A t¤X j? fi; ftu ;/tktK y/so

dh ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H dh n";s ftek; do 7H2 gqshPs ojh j? id'A fe ;w[¤uh ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H dh

ftek; do 5H3 gqshPs j?. fJj ftek; do w[¤y s"o *s/ tgko, w[oµws, j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?AN*

;?eNo d/ ekoB tXh j?. fJ; ;?eNo B/ ;/tktK y/so ftu seohpB 23H1 gqshPs dk :'rdkB

gkfJnk ns/ 2019^20 (nr/s/) ftu 7H2 gqshPs dh do Bkb ftef;s j'fJnk, i' fe fJ; Pq/Dh

ftu ;G s'A fInkdk j?. fJ; ;?eNo ftu, *tgko ns/ w[oµws ;/tktK* ;?eNo B/ ;kb 2019^20

(nr/s/) ft¤u *tgko, w[oµws, j'NbI ns/ o?;N'o?AN* ;?eNo dhA ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H ftu 93H6 gqshPs

dk :'rdkB gkfJnk ns/ 2011^12 s'A pknd ;/tktK y/so dh ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H ftu brksko gµit/A

fj¤;/ s'A t¤X dk :'rdkB gkfJnk j?.

fi¤E'A s¤e fe j'o ;?eNoK dh ekor[Ikoh dk ;pµX j?, ;/tktK y/so dh ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H ftu Gkt/A

j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?ANK dh fj¤;/dkoh x¤N j?, go jkb jh d/ ;kbK ftu ;?o^;gkN/ dh nkwd ftu

tkXk d/yD ƒ fwfbnk j? fi; B/ 2010 ns/ 2018 d/ ftueko 29H5 gqshPs dh gqGktPkbh tkXk

do foekov ehsh j?. w[¤y s"o s/ fJj ;?eNo xo/b{ ;?bkBhnK d[nkok ubkfJnk ik fojk j? fi;

ftu nµfwqs;o nkT[D tkb/ ;?bkBhnK dh nkwd e[Zb xo/b{ ;?bkBhnK dh nkwd dk 50 gqshPs s'A

t¤X j?. oki ftu ;?o ;gkNk d/ Bkb :ksk:ks, d{o;µuko ns/ ft¤sh ;/tktK y/so th noE

ftt;Ek dk fJe nN[¤N nµr j?. 2019^20 (nr/s/) ftu NqK;g'oN ;?eNo B/ ;/tktK dh

ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H ftu 7H0 gqshPs :'rdkB gkfJnk i' w[¤y s"o *s/ ;Ve :ksk:ks ns/ o/bt/ d[nkok

;µukfbs j?. d/P ftZu oki ftu ;G s'A fiankdk ;Veh xDsk j? fi; ftu 90 gqshPs s'A t¤X

;VeK pioh dh ;sj tkbhnK jB. fJj fJe ;[uko{ :ksk:ks p[fBnkdh YKu/ dh fBPkBh j? i' fe

2016^17 ftu oki dh o/b d[nkok eDe ns/ M'B/ dh nµso^oki ns/ pkjoh Y'nk^Y[nkJh ftu ;G

s'A t¤X fj¤;/dkoh j?, i' fJ; ƒ Gkos dk nµBdksk pDkT[Adh j?.;kb 2019^20 (nr/s/) ftu

d{o^;µuko ;?eNo B/ ;/tktK dh ihHn?Z;HthHJ/H ftu 3H6 gqshPs dk :'rdkB gkfJnk j?, T[E/ jh

tkfJob?¤; N?bh^v?Bf;Nh ns/ fJµNoB?N d/ fte;s YKu/ ekoB oki ftu rkjeK dh gqshPs okPNoh

n";s Bkb'A tX/o/ j?. ft¤sh ;/tktK fe;/ th oki d/ ftek; dk nN[¤N nµr jB ns/ gµikp ftu, fJ;

;?eNo B/ ;/tktK dh ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H ftu 10H7 gqshPs dk fj¤;k gkfJnk j?. oki ft¤u 18 gpfbe

;?eNo p?AeK, 14 gqkJht/N ;?eNo ns/ S'N/ ft¤s p?AeK, fJ¤e y/soh fdjksh p?Ae ns/ fJ¤e ;fjekoh

p?Ae Bkb pfDnk ft¤sh ;µ;EktK dk fJ¤e tXhnk B?Ntoe j?. oki ftu eq?fvN^iwQK nB[gks

okPNoh p?Auwkoe Bkb'A t¤X j?. gµikp ft¤u th p?Ae fB:wK dh gkbDk eoe/ nkgD/ e[¤b gqtkfDs

T[Xko dk 61 gqshPs soihj ;?eNoK B{z d/ oj/ jB. okPNoh g¤Xo s// o[MkB nB[;ko,

302

noE^ftt;Ek dh gqrsh d/ Bkb oki d/ ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H ft¤u ;/tktK y/so dk :'rdkB j'o tXD dh

T[whd j?.

4H1 G{fwek

;/tktK d/ y/so dh ekor[Ikoh

oki dh ihHthHJ/H ftu ;/tktK y/so dk :'rdkB ;G s'A t¤vk j?.;w/A d/ Bkb Bkb gµikp dh

nkofEesk w[¤y s"o s/ y/shpkVh nkofEesk s'A ;/tktK y/so tkbh nkofEesk ft¤u spdhb j' rJh

j?. nkwdBh ftu tkX/ Bkb NoK;g'oN ns/ ;µuko, p?Afeµr, ;?o^;gkNk, tgko nkfd ;/tktK dh wµr

tXh j?. fJ; d/ |b;to{g, nkofEesk d/ T[sgkdB ftu ;/tktK y/so dk fj¤;k t¤fXnk j?. fit/A

fe gfjb/ nfXnkfJ ftu d¤f;nk frnk j?, noE ftt;Ek36 d/ ;ko/ y/soK ftu gµikp ftu ;/tktK

y/so dk :'rdkB ;G s'A fiankdk j?.

oki dh ihHthHJ/H ft¤u ;/tktK y/so dk fj¤;k tfXnk j?, i' fe e"wh g¤Xo d/ o[MkB d/ nB[e{b j?.

;/tktK ;?eNo B/ ;kb 2019^20 (nr/s/) ft¤u gµikp d/ ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H ft¤u 46H7 gqshPs dk

:'rdkB gkfJnk, i' fe ;kb 2011^12 ft¤u 43H8 gqshPs ;h. ;ot Gkos d/ nzeV/, ;kb

2011^12 s'A 2019^20 (nr/s/) d"okB gµikp Bkb'A T[¤u/ oj/ jB. okPNoh g¤Xo *s/, ;/tktK y/so

dk T[sgkdB ;kb 2019^20 (nr/s/) ftu e[b ihHthHJ/H dk 55H3 gqshPs fojk.;kb 2012^13 s'A

2019^20 (nr/s/) (fuZso^67) d"okB gµikp d/ ;/tktK y/so ftu ftek; do ;w[¤u/ ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H

Bkb'A brksko T[¤go ojh j?. fJ; ;w/A d"okB, ;/tktK y/so dh ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H ftZu 7H2 gqshPs dh

n";s do Bkb tkXk j'fJnk id'A fe ;w[¤u/ ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H ft¤u 5H3 gqshPs dh do Bkb tkXk

j'fJnk j?. fJ;/ ;w/A d"okB, tgko, w[oµws, j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?ANK B/ 7H5 gqshPs dh T[u¤sw n";sB

;kbkBk ftek; do do;kJh, fJ; s'A pknd tk;sfte ;µgsh, xoK dh wbehns ns/ g/P/to

;/tktK ftu 7H1 gqshPs dh do Bkb tkXk j'fJnk.

fu¤so 67L gµikp ftu ;/tktK ihHn?¤;HthHJ/ dh ftek; do ns/ ;w[¤uk ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H


36 Throughout the chapter, share has been calculated at current prices and growth rate has been calculated at constant (2011-

12) prices.

8.6%6.7%

7.9% 6.9% 6.7% 6.8% 7.1% 7.0%

4.6% 5.2%3.9%

5.2%6.4% 6.1% 5.5% 5.1%

2012^13 2013^14 2014^15 2015^16 2016^17(;'X/)

2017^18(nkoiah)

2018^19(s[ozs)

2019^20(nr/s/)

e[Zb ihn?;thJ/ dh w[ekpb/ ;/tktK y/so dh ihn?;thJ/ dh T[u ftek; do

;/tktK y/so dh ihn?;thJ/ dh ftek; do e[Zb ihn?;thJ/ dh ftek; do

303

;/tktK y/so d/ T[sgkdB ftu tgko, w[oµws, j'NbI ns/ o?;N'o?ANK dk ;G s'A t¤vk :'rdkB fojk.

tgko, w[oµws, j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?ANK dk ;/tktK ;?eNo dh ;µouBk ftu ;kb 2011^12 s'A gqw[¤y

:'rdkBeosk d/ o{g ftu gfjbK tKr jh ojh j?. ;koDh 24 ftu ;kb 2019^20 (nr/s/) bJh

;/tktK y/so dh ihH;hHthHJ/H ftu T[g^;?eNoK dk fj¤;k do;kfJnk frnk j?. tgko, w[oµws,

j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?ANK B/ ;/tktK d/ T[sgkdB ftu 23H1 gqshPs dk :'rdkB gkfJnk, fJ; s'A pknd

tk;sfte ;µgsh, wekBK dh wbehns ns/ g/P/to ;/tktK B/ 19H8 gqshPs dk :'rdkB gkfJnk.

oki ftu bkJhN fJµihBhnfoµr T[d:'rK dh wj¤ssk d/ w¤d/BIo, tgko ns/ w[oµws ;/tktK dk

T[GoBk wj¤stg{oD j?. d{i/ T[g^;?eNoK, fit/A fe NqK;g'oN, ;N'o/i, ;µuko ns/ gq;koD Bkb

;pµXs ;/tktKl ft¤sh ;/tktKl ns/ b'e gqPk;B dk :'rdkB eqwtko 11H0 gqshPs, 10H7 gqshPs

ns/ 10H4 gqshPs fojk.

;koDh 24 ftu ;kb 2017^18, 2018^19 ns/ 2019^20 (nr/s/)d"okB T[g y/soK dh ftek; do

do;kJh rJh j?. fJj d/fynk ik ;edk j? fe ;kb 2019^20 (nr/s/) ft¤u, ;ko/ T[g^;?eNo

;w[¤u/ ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H dh ftek; do d/ w[ekpb/ fInkdk s/Ih Bkb tX/ jB, i' fe 5H1 gqshPs ;h.

;koDh 24L gµikp dh ;/tktK y/so dk fj¤;k ns/ ftek;

fjZ;k (#) ftek; do ( #)

2019^20 (nr///s/)

2017^18 (nkoih)

2018^19 (s[ozs)

2019^20 (nr/s/)

tgko, j'Nb ns/ o?;'N'o?AN 23.1% 7.1% 6.8% 7.2%

tgko ns/ w[ozws ;/tktK 21.6% 7.0% 6.7% 7.2%

j'Nb ns/ o?;'o?AN 1.5% 7.8% 7.4% 7.0%

NoK;g'o/N,;N'o/i ns/ ;zuko ns/ j'o gq;koB ;/tktK 11.0% 5.4% 6.0% 6.4%

o/bt/ 1.2% 4.8% 4.6% 4.9%

;Ve :ksk:ks 5.4% 7.7% 7.3% 7.9%

ib :ksk:ks 0.0% - - -

jtkJh :ksk:ks 0.1% 11.3% 10.3% 10.6%

:ksk:ks ftZu bZr/ j''o ;kXB 0.3% 7.0% 6.7% 6.8%

;N'o/i 0.3% 10.2% 8.1% 6.0%

;zuko ns/ gq;koB ;pzXh ;/tktK 3.6% 2.0% 4.3% 4.6%

ftZsh ;/tktK 10.7% 5.2% 5.6% 5.1%

tk;sfte ;zgsh,xoK dh wbehns ns/ fpiB; ;/tktK 19.8% 7.1% 7.3% 7.6%

b'e gq;ak;aB 10.4% 7.0% 5.7% 6.2%

j'o ;/tktK 25.1% 7.9% 9.1% 8.0%


304

pke; 14L ;k¤cNt/no N?eB'b'ih gkoe; ^ gµikp ftu nkJhHNhH ftek; do

gµikp tZy tZy y/soK fit/A fe ;kcNt/no fvt?bgw?AN, ebkT[v eµfgT{fNµr, fpiB; fJµN?bhi?A;,

t?p;kJhN fvt?bgw?AN, nkfd ftu brGr 150 nkJhHNhH T[XwK dh w"i{drh Bkb nkJhHNhH ;/tktK

dh fJ¤e wIp{s tksktoD gqDkbh gqdkB eodk j?. oki B/, ;kb 2017^18 ft¤u nkJhHNhH fBo:ks

ftu 820 eo'V o[gJ/ doi ehs/. oki dk nkJhHNhH y/so w[¤y s"o s/ w[jkbh fty/ ;k¤cNt/no

N?eBkb"ih gkoe; nkca fJµvhnk (n?;HNhHghHnkJhH) d[nkok ubkfJnk iKdk j?, id'A fe nµfwqs;o

fty/ fJe j'o n?;HNhHghHnkJhH T[;koh nXhB j? ns/ T[whd j? fe oki ftu nkJhHNhH T[d:'r d/

gquko bJh fJe T[sgq/oe ti'A eµw eo/rh. n?;HNhHghHnkJhH w[jkbh dh ;EkgBk 1998 ft¤u ehsh

rJh ;h ns/ 35,000 s'A t¤X g/P/to B"eoh eod/ jB. fJj nfs^nkX[fBe p[fBnkdh YKu/ Bkb b?;

j? ns/ fJ¤e gqrshPhb tgkoe tksktoD ƒ :ehBh pDkT[Adk j?.

;gbkJh d/ g¤y s'A, S/ wbNh^;feb fvt?bgw?AN ;?ANo b[fXnkDk, nµfwqs;o, pfmµvk, j[f;ankog[o

ns/ nkBµdg[o PfjoK ftu noµG ehs/ rJ/ jB fiBQK B/ 6,000 s'A t¤X ftfdnkoEhnK ƒ nkJhHNhH

ns/ ;jkfJe y/soK ftu f;ybkJh fd¤sh j?. gµikp d/ t¤y^t¤y seBheh ;µ;EktK s'A gqsh ;kb

rq?i{J/N ftfdnkoEhnK dh frDsh pko/ fJ¤e ;koDh j/mK fd¤sh rJh j? L

seBheh ;z;EKtK dh fe;w frDsh ftfdnkoEhnK dh frDsh

fJihBhnfozr 102 45013

g'bhN?efBe 193 66495

nkJhHNhHnkJhI 369 70000

gµikp d/ nkJhHNhH ;?eNo ft¤u nkwdBh ns/ o[Irko g?dk eoB dh t¤vh ;wo¤Ek j? ns/ oki

;oeko d[nkok fd¤s/ ik oj/ fJB;?AfNt fJ; ;?eNo ƒ nZr/ gq's;akfjs eoBr/. ;?eNo ƒ w[j¤Jhnk

eotkJ/ rJ/ e[M wj¤stg{oB gq's;kjB j/m nB[;ko jBL

nµdo{Bh ns/ nµso^oki fteoh bJh fBo'b ihHn?Z;HNhH dh gqshPssk dh gqshg{osh eoB tkbk

Gkos dk gfjbk oki.

5 ;kbK bJh gqsh ;kb gqsh eowukoh 48,000 o[gJ/ s¤e dh o[Irko ;pf;vh.

10 ;kbK bJh fpibh fvT{Nh *s/ 100 gqshPs dh S'N, ;N?Ag fvT{Nh, ;hHn?bH:{H $ JhHvhH;h ns/

gqkgoNh N?e; s/ 10 ;kbK bJh S'N.

;kXBL Invest Punjab(http://www.investpunjab.gov.in/Static/itandits_sector)

305

u'Dt/A okiK37 ftu ;/tktK y/so ftu gµikp dk eowukohnK dk

nB[gks ;G s'A t¤X j?. ;kb 2018^19 dh gqsh ftnesh nkwdB

d/ wkwb/ ftu f;¤yo d/ fsµB dPw nµeK Bkb ;pµXs okiK ftu'A

gzikp dh gqsh ftnZesh nkwdB tZX j?. 2017^18 bJh ghohnfve

b/po c'o; ;ot/ d/ nµeV/ do;kT[Ad/ jB fe ;/tktK y/so B/ gµikp

ftu 41 gqshPs eowukohnK ƒ o[Irko fd¤sk j? (fu¤so 68) id'A fe okPNoh g¤Xo *s/ fJj 31

gqshPs j?. T[g^;?eNoK ftu'A, tgko, j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?AN y/so ftu eowukohnK dk ;G s'A t¤X

nB[gks jB. fpjso w"fenK dh Gkb ftu, ekfwnK dk M[ekn y/shpkVh s'A ;/tktK y/so t¤b j'

fojk j?.

fu¤so 68L u'Dt/A okiK bJh ;/tktK y/so ft¤u ekfwnK dh gqshPssk

;kXBL ghfoUfve b/po c'o; ;ot/, 2017^18

;/tktK y/so ftu'A tgko, w[oµws, j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?AN ftZu ekfwnK dh frDsh dh ;G s'A t¤X

gqshPssk j? (fu¤so 69) tgko,w[oµws ;/tktK ns/ j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?AN ;µ:[es o{g Bkb ;/tktK

y/so ftu e[¤b 41 gqshPs eowukohnK ƒ o[Irko fdµd/ jB.

fu¤so 69L gµikp ftu ;/tktK d/ y/so ftu ekoi Pesh dh tµv (2017^18)

;kXBL ghfoUfve b/po c'o; ;ot/, 2017^18

37 Throughout the chapter, select states include Andhra Pradesh, Gujrat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and

Telangana

4941 39 37 34 34 33 31 30 30

e/obk gzikp jfonkDk skfwbBkv{ wjKok;aNo s//bzrkBk eoBkNe Gkos r[iaoks nKXok gqd/;a

o[irko

dh

gqshP

ssk #

u'Dt/A okiK ftu ;/tktK y/so ftu gµikp ftu eowukohnK dh gqshPssk ;G s'A t¤X j?.

41.0%

13.2%4.0%4.9%

6.8%

30.0%

;/tktK y/so ftZu tgko, w[ozws, j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?AN w[Zy o'iarko d/D tkb/ jB.tgko,w[ozws,j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?AN

NoK;g'o/N,;N'o/I,;zuko ns/ j'o gq;koB;/tktKftZsh ;/tktK

tk;sfte ;zgsh,xoK dh wbehns ns/fpiB; ;/tktKb'e gq;ak;aB

u'Dt/A okiK ftu ;/tktK y/so ftu eowukohnK d/ nB[gks ftZu gzikp dk d{;ok ;EkB j?.

306

j'o ;/tktK, fiBQK ftu f;fynk ;/tktK, f;js ;/tktK, wB'oµiB nkfd Pkwb jB, nrbk gqw[¤y

o[Irkodksk j? ns/ fJjBK ;/tktK ftu 30 gqshPs eowukoh bZr/ jB. NqK;g'oN, ;N'o/i ns/

;µuko ;/tktK fJe j'o t¤vk ;?eNo j? i' ;/tktK y/so ftu e[¤b eowukohnK d/ 13 gqshPs d/

brGr B{z o[irko fdzdk j?.

4H2 tgko ns/ w[oµws

tgko ns/ w[oµws ;/tk gµikp ftu ;/tktK y/so ftu ;G s'A t¤X :'rdkB gkT[Adh j?. fit/A fe

fu¤so 70 ftu do;kfJnk frnk j?. tgko, w[oµws, j'NbK ns/ o?;N'o?ANK dh ihHn?;HthHJ/ dk 94

gqsh;as fjZ;k tgko ns/ w[ozws ;/tktK dk j?. fJ; T[g^;?eNo B/ 2011^12 s'A b? e/ j[D se

ihH;hHthHJ/H ftu gµit/A fj¤;/ s'A t¤X dk :'rdkB gkfJnk j?. (fu¤so 71) ;kb^do^;kb

T[sko^uVQkn d/ pkti{d, fJj T[g^y/so 2011^12 s'A ;/tktK bJh ;G s'A t¤vk :'rdkB gkT[Adk

fojk j?. ;kb 2017^18 bJh ghfoUfve b/po c'o; ;ot/yD d/ nµefVnK s'A gsk u¤bdk j? fe

gµikp ftu e[¤b ekoia Pesh dk 15H2 gqshPs E'e ns/ gou{B tgko ns/ w[oµws ;/tktK ftu j?,

i' fe Gkos d/ ;ko/ okiK ftu'A ;G s'A t¤X j?/.

fu¤so 70L tgko, w[oµws, j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?AN dh ;µouBk, 2019^20 (J/)


23%

tgko,w[ozws, j'NbK ns/ o?;N'o?ANK dk ;oft; y/so d/ ihn?;thJ/ ftZu fjZ;k

94%6%

tgko ns/ w[ozws ;/tktK j'Nb ns/ o?;'o?AN

tgko w[oµws, j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?AN T[g y/soK dh ;µouBk

307

fu¤so 71L gµikp ftu tgko ns/ w[oµws ;/tktK dk fj¤;k ns/ ;kb do ;kb ftek; do


t;s{nK dk nµsoôki tgko

;kb 2016^17 ftu o/b d[nkok e[Zb eDe ns/ u"bK (fSbe/ s'A

fpBK) dh nµsoôki ns/ pkjoh Y'nk^Y[nkJh ftu gµikp dh ;G s'A

t¤X fj¤;/dkoh ;h i' fJ; ƒ “Gkos dk nµBdksk@ pDkT[Adh j?.

tDi ns/ T[d:'r wµsokb/ d[nkok o/b okjhA wkb dh nµsoôki ns/

pkjoh Y'nk^Y[nkJh (2016^17) d/ nµefVnK nB[;ko, eDe ns/ u"bK dh nµsoôki pkjoh

fj¤;/dkoh bJh gµikp dk :'rdkB eqwtko 49 gqshPs ns/ 41 gqshPs :'rdkB j?. gµikp d[nkok

Gkos d/ d{i/ okiK ƒ G/ihnK iKdhnK j'o gqw[¤y t;sK ;hfwµN ns/ yfDi gdkoE jB. j'oBK okiK

s'A gµikp d[nkok nk:ks ehshnK gqw[¤y t;sK ft¤u e'bk ns/ e'e, ykd s/ b'jk ns/ ;Nhb Pkwb

jB (;koDh 25).

oki t;sK dk fBo'b nk:kseosk j?, fi; ftu wkb dh nkte fJ¤E'A ikD tkb/ wkb Bkb'A wkw{bh

t¤X j?. jtkJh wkor okjhA wkb d/ nµsoôki tgko d/ wkwb/ ftu gµikp fJe fBo'b fBo:kse j?,

fJ; dhnK fInkdkso t;sK (wksok nB[;ko) fd¤bh ns/ wjkokPNo ƒ fBo:ks ehshnK iKdhnK

jB.

21.3% 22.0% 22.6% 22.4% 21.8% 21.9% 21.7% 21.6% 21.6%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

2011^12 2012^13 2013^14 2014^15 2015^16 2016^17(;'X/)

2017^18(nkoiah)

2018^19(s[ozs)

2019^20(nr/s/)

tgko ns/ w[ozws B/ ;/tktK d/ ihn?;thJ/ ftZu 5t/A fjZ;/ s'A tX/o/ :'rdkB fdZsk j?, jkbKfe ;kb do ;kb ftek; do ftZu T[soknFuVQkn d/ pkti{d

nk fojk j?.

tgko ns/ w[ozws dk ;/tktK ihHn?;HthHJ/ ftZu fjZ;k tgko ns/ w[ozws dh ;kbF^doF^;kb ftek; do

o/b d[nkok eDe ns/ u"bK (fSbe/ s'A fpBK)dh nµsoôki ns/ pkjoh Y'nk^Y[nkJh ftu gµikp dh ;G s'A t¤X fj¤;/dkoh j?.

308

;koDh 25L gµikp bJh nµdo{Bh ns/ pkjoh nµsoôki tgko (o/b d[nkok) dhnK gqw[¤y t;sK, 2016^17

nzdo{Bh tgko pkjoh tgko w[Zy nkJhNw wksok(e[fJzNb) fjZ;k w[Zy nkJhNw wksok(e[fJzNb) fjZ;k

e'bk ns/ e'e 142,291,036 55.2% eDe 116,166,890 47.4%

ykdK ns/ o;kfJDe ykdK 28,849,558 11.2% uktb fSbe/ s'A fpBK 77,714,350 31.7%

b'jk ns/ ;Nhb 20,130,980 7.8% ;hw?AN 16,871,090 6.9%

;hw?AN 15,614,658 6.1% yfDih s/b ns/ gdkoE 9,742,440 4.0%

yfDih s/b ns/ gdkoE 8,499,339 3.3%

ykdK ns/ o;kfJDe ykdK 1,878,690 0.8%

;kXBL tDi ns/ T[d:'r wµsokb/ d[nkok o/b d[nkok wkb dh nµsoôki Y'nk^Y[nkJh

4H3 ;?o^;gkNk

gzikp nkgDh B;bh ns/ ;ZfGnkukoe38 ;wfoXh bJh ftnkge s"o s/ ;¤fGnsk dk gµx{Vk wµfBnk

iKdk j?. fJ; d/ wµfdo, febQ/, :kdrkoK, nikfJp xo, w/b/ ns/ fsT[jkoK ekoB, gµikp e'b

;?bkBhnK bJh nB/eK neoPD jB. ;?o^;gkNk y/soh ftek; ƒ tXkT[Adk j? ns/ tgko, nkwdBh

ns/ T[¤dw ƒ T[sPkjs eodk j?, fi; Bkb nkofEe ftek; ƒ j[bkok fwbdk j?.

fu¤so 72L ;/tktK ihHthHJ/H ftu j'NbK ns/ o?;N'o?ANK dh/ ;kb^do^;kb ftek; do ns/ fj¤;k

;/tktK y/so dh ihHn?;HthHJ/H ftZu j'Nb

ns/ o?;N'o?AN dk fjZ;k d{;o/ ;?eNoK Bkb'A

xZN j?. j'Nb ns/ o?;N'o?AN dk n";s

fjZ;k (2011^12 s'A 2019^20 nr/s/) ftZu

1H4 gqsh;as j?. fJ; T[g y/so dh ftek;

do ftZu T[skoûVkn fojk fJj T[g

y/so 2016^17 ftZu 9H3 gqsh;as ns/

pkeh ;kbK ftZu ;z:fws fojk.


38 Punjab Tourism(http://punjabtourism.gov.in/#/

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

;/tktK y/so dh ihn?;thJ/ ftZu j'NbK ns/ o?;N'o?ANK dkfjZ;k

;kb do ;kb j'NbK ns/ o?;N'o?ANK dh ftek; do (okJhNj?AvF;kJhv)

309

ghHghHghHdhnK ;zgshnK dk ftek;,BthBheoD ns/

ubkT[Dk

Fftok;sh ;zgshnK dh j'NbI ns/ fwT{fInw ftZu spdhbh

;EkBe ebk ns/ d;sekoh dk gq;ko

Ehw gkoe,fJe' N{foIw gkoe

ns/a wB'oziB gkoeK dh ;EkgBk

j'NbK ns/ ;?o ;[gkN/ dhnK ;j{bsK dh

;EkgBk

fuZso 73: gzikp ;?o^;gkNk ftu fBt/P d/ w"e/

Source: Invest Punjab

HH(http://investpunjab.gov.in/Static/Tourism)

fBt/P d/ w"e/

;?o^;gkN/ d/ p[fBnkdh YKu/ ft¤u fBt/P Bkb ;?eNo ft¤u ftek; s/I j' ;edk j? ns/ o[Irko d/

nt;o th g?dk j' ;ed/ jB. tµB^;[tµB/ ns/ ;wfo¤X ;¤fGnkuko Bkb fBtkfInk j'fJnk gµikp

T[g^;?eNoK ftu ;?o^;gkN/ d/ ftek; bJh ftPkb w"e/ gqdkB eodk j?. ;?o^;gkNk d/ t¤y t¤y

o{gK ^ ;fGnkukoe, Xkofwe, tksktoD^N{foIw, fdjksh ;?o^;gkNk nkfd ft¤u wj¤stg{oB

tkXk j'fJnk j? ns/ oki d/ T[sgkdB ft¤u :'rdkB gkfJnk j?. ;?bkBhnK bJh p[fBnkdh YKu/ d/

ftek; d/ Bkb nkwdBh ns/ o[Irko g?dk eoB dhnK t¤vhnK ;µGktBktK jB ns/ oki d[nkok bkr{

ehshnK ;?o^;gkNk BhshnK ƒ th fJ;/ fdPk ftu Nhukp¤X ehsk frnk j?/.

http://investpunjab.gov.in/Static/Tourism

310

pke; 15 L gµikp ft¤u ;?o ;gkNk ;?eNo ƒ T[sPkjs eoB bJh ftPt ;?o ;gkNk fdt; w"e/ gµikp ;oeko t¤b'A n?bkBhnK rJhnK gfjbedwhnK

ftPt ;?o ;gkNk fdt; :kBh 27 ;sµpo (2019) ƒ gµikp ;oeko B/ ;?bkBhnK ƒ nkeoPs eoB

ns/ o[Irko d/ w"e/ g?dk eoe/ B"itkBK d/ ;PesheoD d/ d'jo/ T[d/PK Bkb nB/eK gfjbedwhnK

dk n?bkB ehsk.

B"itkBK bJh o[Irko ^ oki ;oeko B/ ;?o ;gkNk y/so ft¤u B"itkBK bJh 10,000 ;t?^o[Irko

d/ w"e/ g?dk eoB dk n?bkB ehsk j?.

;?o ;gkNk ftGkr dhnK wbehnsK dk ftPt g¤Xoh ;?o^;gkNk nkeoPD ;EkBK ft¤u

BthBheoD^ fJ; ft¤u ;?o ;gkNk ftGkr dhnK 15 wbehnsK Pkwb jB, i' ;[µdo e[dosh ;EkBK

ft¤u ;fEs jB ns/ i' d[BhnK Go s'A ;?bkBhnK ƒ nkeo;fas eoB dh ;wo¤Ek o¤ydhnK jB.

|kow ;?o^;gkNk ƒ T[sPkfjs eoBk ^ |kow ;?o ;gkNk Pfjoh t;BheK ƒ Bho; ihtB s'A okjs

gqdkB eoB ns/ P[¤X e[dosh wkj"b ftu nkokw gkT[D ns/ w[V ;[oihs eoB dk eµw eodk j?.

jkJh^J/Av p?¤v n?Av pq/‐eck;N ;ehw dh P[o{nks ^ ;?o^;gkNk ;EkBK ns/ fJBQK d/ nkb/^d[nkb/

nkokwdkfJe xo torhnK mfjoB dhnK ;j{bsK gqdkB eoB d/ T[d/P Bkb, gµikp ;oeko B/ xoK

d/ wkbeK ƒ fJ; ;ehw ft¤u Pkwb j'D dk ;¤dk fdµfdnK p?¤v n?Av pq/eck;N ;ehw dh P[o{nks

ehsh j?. fJj ;ehw xo/b{ ns/ nµsookPNoh ;?bkBhnK ƒ gµikp dh goµgok ns/ ;¤fGnkuko dk

nB[Gt eotkT[D ns/ gµikph getkBK dk ;[nkd wkBD dk w"ek d/t/rh. fJj T[BQK gfotkoK bJh

nkwdBh dk tkX{ ;o's th j? fiBQK e'b T[¤fus neko ns/ b'VhAd/ wkgdµvK tkbhnK wbehnsK jB.

j'o rshftXhnK ^ fJ; fdB nµfwqs;o ns/ gfNnkb/ ft¤u ftok;sh ;?o dk nk:'iB ehsk frnk .

fi; ft¤u ftfdnkoEh ns/ :ksoh Pkwb ;B. 27 N{o rkJhvK ns/ N{fo;N Ugo/NoK dk fJ¤e

i¤Ek th P[o{ ehsk frnk j?, fiBQK ƒ r[o{ BkBe d/t :{Bhtof;Nh d/ ;fj:'r Bkb ftd/Ph :ksohnK

dh ;j{bs bJh f;ybkJh fd¤sh iKdh j?. ;kXB L;{uBk ns/ b'e ;zgoe ftGkr,gzikp ;oeko

311

;?bkBhnK ftu tkXk

fu¤so 74L gµikp ftu xo/b{ ;?bkBhnK dh frDsh (iBtoh^d;µpo)

;kXBL PunjabTourism(http://punjabtourism.gov.in/Punjab.html #/StatisticsSurveys)

fu¤so 75L gµikp ftu ftd/Ph ;?bkBhnK dh frDsh (iBtoh^d;µpo)

;kXBL PunjabTourism (http://punjabtourism.gov.in/Punjab.html #/StatisticsSurveys)

;?o^;gkNk ft¤u fBt/P Bkb xo/b{ ns/ ftd/Ph, d'tK gqeko d/ ;?bkBhnK ft¤u tkXk j'D eoe/

;?eNo dk ftek; j'fJnk j?. gµikp d/ ;?o^;gkN/ ftZu jkb jh d/ ;kbK ft¤u ;w[¤u/ ;?bkBhnK dh

nkwd ftu ekch ft;sko j'fJnk j? i' ;kb 2010 s'A 2018 d/ d"okB 29H5 gqshPs dh gqGktPkbh

do Bkb tfXnk j?. ;?o ;gkNk y/so t¤v/ g¤Xo s/ xo/b{ ;?bkBhnK (oki d/ nµdo ns/ pkjo s'A)

d[nkok ;µukfbs j?. ;kb 2018 ftu brGr 445 b¤y xo/b{ ;?bkBh ns/ 12 b¤y ftd/Ph ;?bkBh

oki dk d"ok eo u[¤e/ jB (fu¤so 74 ns/ fu¤so 75) i' fgSb/ ;kb d/ w[ekpb/ eqwtko 10H7

gqshPs ns/ 8H3 gqshPs d/ tkX/ B{z doPkT[Adk j?. ;kb 2018 d"okB ftd/Ph ;?bkBhnK dh nkwd

g¤y'A gµikp e"wh g¤Xo *s/ 7 tK ;EkB jk;b eo u[¤ek j?.(;koDh 26) fJ; y/so dk ftek; oki

;oeko d/ fBt/PK d/ Bkb^Bkb J/PhnB fvt?bgw?AN p?Ae d[nkok fJBcok;No¤euo fvt?bgw?AN

fJBt?;Nw?AN gq'rokw cko N{foIw (nkJhvhnkJhghNh) gq'i?eN (gµikp oki N{foIw gkfb;h, 2018)

okjhA ikoh o¤fynk frnk j?/.

-

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

xo/b

{ ;?bB

hnK dh

frDs

h(bZy

K ft

Zu)

- 2 4 6 8

10 12 14

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018ftd/;

ah ;?b

kBhn

K dh

fr

Dsh(bZy

K ft

Zu)

312

;koDh 26L ;kb 2018 ftu nkJ/ ftd/Ph ;?bkBhnK dh frDsh ftu Gkos d/ f;yo d/ 10 okiK $ e/Ado Pk;s gqd/PK dk fj¤;k

o?Ae oki$e/Ado ;ak;as

2018 ftZu nkJ/ ftd/;ah ;?bkBh

Bzpo gqsh;as fjZ;k(#) 1 skfwbBkv{ 60,74,345 21.0

2 wjKok;aNo 50,78,514 17.6

3 T[so gqd/;a 37,80,752 13.1

4 fdZbh 27,40,502 9.5

5 oki;EkB 17,54,348 6.1

6 gZSwh pzrkb 16,17,105 5.6

7 gzikp 12,00,969 4.2

8 e/obk 10,96,407 3.8

9 fpjko 10,87,971 3.8

10 r'nk 9,33,841 3.2

e[Zb u'Nh d/ 10 2,53,64,754 87.9

j'o 35,07,630 12.1

e[Zb 2,88,72,384 100.0

;kXBL India Tourism Statistics at a Glance – 2019 (Ministry of Tourism)

B'N*fJj v?Nk 2017 bJh j?.

oki ftu ;?o ;gkN/ tkb/ n¤X s'A th fInkdk ;?bkBhnK dh nkwd nµfwqs;o ftu j[µdh j?. ;koDh

27 do;kT[Adh j? fe oki ftu ;?bkBhnK dh nkwd dk 50 gqshPs s'A th fInkdk fj¤;k nµfwqs;o

(d/;h ns/ ftd/Ph) fty/ gj[µudk j?. nN[¤N o{g Bkb f;¤y Xow d/ fJfsjk; Bkb i[fVnk nµfwqs;o

;qh jfowµdo ;kfjp ti'A ;fsekfonk iKdk j?. ;?bkBhnK bJh j'o nkeoPDK ft¤u, ifbQnKtkbk

pkr ns/ tkxQk pkovo ;wko'j gqw[¤y jB. b[fXnkDk, n?;HJ/Hn?¤;H Bro ns/ ibµXo nfij/ j'o

fIbQ/ jB fiE/ ek|h ;?bkBh nkT[Ad/ jB. nµfwqs;o, Gkos d/ T[BQK 12 PfjoK ftu'A fJe j? fiBQK ƒ

Pfjo ftu fJfsjk;e ns/ ;fGnkukoe ;o'sK dh ;µGkb d/ wµst Bkb johd/ ;ehw (j?ohN/i f;Nh

fvt?bgw?AN n?Av nkrw?AN/PB :'iBk) nXhB Pkwb ehsk frnk j?.

;koDh 27L gµikp d/ w[ekpb/ nµfwqs;o ftu ;?bkBhnK dh nkwd

;kb nzfwqs;o ftZu ;?bkBhnK dh frDsh gzikp ftZu ;?bkBhnK dh frDsh fjZ;k

2011 11096952 16567596 67%

2012 10072719 19119943 53%

2013 12058034 21544962 56%

2014 15368340 24526751 63%

2015 16924412 26038728 65%

2016 25462627 39363061 65%

2017 25978495 41401987 63%

2018 26935017 45796030 59%

;kXBL gµikp N{foIw (http://punjabtourism.gov.in/Punjab.html gqshPs/StaticsSurveys)

313

4H4 NoK;g'oN

;µy/g ikDekoh

;kb 2011^12 s'A 2019^20 (nr/s/) d"okB ;/tktK dh ihH;hHthHJ/H ftu'A 7H3 gqshPs d/ n";s

Bkb NoK;g'oN ;?eNo oki dh nkofEesk d/ fJe nfB¤yVt/A nµr ti'A T[Gfonk j?. oki ftu

nktkikJh ;/tktK ftu :ksk:ks d/ fsµB ;kXB jB^ (e) o/bt/ (y) ;Ve ns/ r) jtkJh. fit/A fe

gµikp G{whp¤X oki j?, fJ; d/ T[¤so ftu iµw{^ePwho, g{op ftu fjwkub gqd/P, d¤yD ns/

d¤yD^g{op ftu jfonkDk, d¤yD^g¤Sw t¤b oki;EkB ns/ g¤Sw ftu gkfe;skB j?, fJ; bJh

oki ftu gkDh okjhA nktkikJh dk dkfJok ;hws j?. T[sokn uVQkn dh gqftq¤sh ekoB, ;kb

2012^13 s'A 2019^20 (nr/s/) d"okB :ksk:ks ;?eNo dh n";sB ftek; do 6H7 gqshPs ojh.

;kb 2019^20 (nr/s/) ftu NoK;g'oN ;?eNo s'A w{b tkXk 16,782H30 eo'V o[gJ/ (gqubs

ehwsK s/) ;h.

gµikp ftu NoK;g'oN ;?eNo ;Ve :ksk:ks d[nkok ubkfJnk iKdk j?, fJ; s'A pknd o/bt/

nkT[Adk j?. 2011^12 s'A 2019^20 (nr/s/) d"okB ;Ve :ksk:ks dk NoK;g'oN ftu n";s 74H8

gqshPs w{b tkXk j?. ;Ve :ksk:ks dh n";s ;kb^do^;kb ftek; do 2012^13 s'A 2019^20

(nr/s/) d"okB 7H4 gqshPs ojh, id'A fe o/bt/ ns/ jtkJh :ksk:ks bJh eqwtko 4H0 gqshPs ns/

36H2 gqshPs j?.

fu¤so 76L gµikp ftu NoK;g'oN ;?eNo s'A ihHthHJ/ dh ;µouBk

;kXBL L noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB, gzikp

;Ve ns/ jtkJh :ksk:ks B/ :ksk:ks d/ ihHthHJ/ ftZu fgSb/ ;kbK d"okB tZX fjZ;k gkfJnk j?,

id'Afe o/bt/ dk :'rdkB x¤N frnk j? (fu¤so 76). fgSb/ e[M ;kbK ftu :ksk:ks nXhB

ihHthHJ/ ftu spdhbh nkJh j?. o/bt/, ;Ve ns/ jtkJh :ksk:ks dk ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H ftZu :'rdkB

;Ve ns/ jtkJh :ksk:ks dhfjZ;/dkoh ftZu tkXk fojk

o/bt/ ;Ve jtkJh :ksk:ks ftZu bZr/ j''o ;kXB

2011-12

2019-20(A)

314

2011^12 ftu eqwtko 22H4 gqshPs, 73H5 gqshPs ns/ 0H3 gqshPs ;h.;kb 2019^20 (nr/s/)

ft¤u, o/bt/ dk fj¤;k x¤N e/ 17H0 gqshPs j' frnk id'A fe ;Ve ns/ jtkJh :ksk:ks dk eqwtko

76H7 gqshPs ns/ 1H3 gqshPs j' frnk . ;kb 2012^13 s'A 2019^20 (nr/s/) d"okB nktkikJh

d/ ;ko/ ;kXBK dh ftek; do ft¤u T[sokn uVQkn dk o[MkB d/fynk ik ;edk j?. o/bt/ dh ftek;

do 20H2 gqshPs ns/ ^12H7 gqshPs d/ ftueko j? id'A fe jtkJh :ksk:ks dh do 177H1

gqshPs ns/ ^19H0 gqshPs d/ ftueko j?. ;Ve :ksk:ks ftu ;kb^do^;kb tkXk s[bBkswe

s"o s/ ;fEo fojk j?, i' fJ; ntXh d"okB 9H0 gqshPs ns/ 5H9 gqshPs d/ ftueko pdbdk

fojk j?.

:ksk:ks dk YKuk

;VeK

oki ftu ;Veh B?Ntoe :ks:ks y/so dh ohV dh j¤vh j?. fJ; dk dpdpk fJ; s¤E d[nkok j'o

g[ysk j' iKdk j? fe :ksk:ks d/ j'o ;kXB fit/A o/bt/ nkgD/ gfjb/ $ nkyoh whb ;µgoeK bJh

fJ; s/ fBoGo eod/ jB. w"i{dk p[fBnkdh YKu/ B{z ngrq/v eoBk oki d/ nkofEe ftek; d/

fBoµso ftek; bJh wj¤stg{oB j?.

gµikp dhnK ;VeK dk ftek;39 uko ;µ;EktK d[nkok ehsk iKdk j?L (1) okPNoh wkorK dh d/yGkb

Gkos ;oeko d[nkok ehsh iKdh j?, (2) oki wkorK dh d/yGkb oki b'e fBowkD ftGkr

(ghvpb:{vh) d[nkok, (3) Bro fBrw ndkfonK d[nkok BroK dhnK ;VeK ns/ (4) g/Av{ ;VeK

nµPe s"o s/ ghvpb:{vh d[nkok ns/ e[M j¤d se g/Av{ ftek; ftGkr ns/ gzikp wzvh p'ov

d[nkok d/yhnK iKdhnK jB. jkbKfe fJj d/fynk frnk j? fe NoK;g'oN ;?eNo d/ t¤y^t¤y

gfjb{nK dh g{osh bJh gqPk;B d/ ;ko/ g¤XoK s/ eJh ;µ;EktK dh Pw{bhns :'iBkpµdh ns/

Bhshrs c?;fbnK ƒ gqGkts eodh j?.

39 TERI (2015) Green Growth in Transport Sector in Punjab

315

fu¤so 77L ;Ve dh xDsk gqsh 100 tor fu¤so 78Le[¤b ;VeK dh gqshPs d/ s"o s/ eµeohN (feHwhHftu) dhnK ;VeK

;kXBL Gkos d/ p[fBnkdh ;Ve nµeV/, ;Ve nktkikJh ns/ okiwkor wµsokbk, Gkos ;oeko(fu¤so 78) ;kXBL Gkos d/ p[fBnkdh ;Ve nµeV/ (2016^17), ;Ve nktkikJh ns/ okiwkor wµsokb/, Gkos ;oeko(fu¤so 77)

2017 s¤e gµikp dhnK 90 gqshPs ;VeK ƒ eµeohN eo fd¤sk frnk ;h (fu¤so 78). fJ; d/

Bkb jh s[bBk:'r okiK ft¤u ;G s'A tX/o/ ;Ve xDsk gµikp dh j? (fu¤so 77).

oki ftu ;kb 2016^17 d/ nµs s¤e e[¤b ;Ve dh bµpkJh 1,39,493 feb'whNo ;h. fgSb/ ;kb

d/ w[ekpb/ ;VeK dh bµpkJh ft¤u 29 gqshPs dk tkXk j'fJnk j?, fi; ftu w[¤y s"o s/ g/Av{ ;VeK

dk ft;Eko ehsk frnk. wkou 2017 s¤e ;VeK dh e[¤b bµpkJh ft¤u g/Av{ ;VeK dk fj¤;k 72

gqshPs ;h, fJ; s'A pknd Pfjoh ;VeK ns/ fIbQk ;VeK ;B fiBQK dk e[¤b ;Ve bµpkJh ftu

eqwtko fj¤;k 13 gqshPs ns/ 5 gqshPs ;h. gµikp e'b 2,769 feb'whNo e"wh wkor ns/

1,103 feb'whNo oki wkor ;B. t¤y t¤y fe;wK dhnK ;VeK dh ;Ve bµpkJh ;koDh 28 ft¤u

do;kJh rJh j?. ;koDh 28L gµikp dhnK t¤y t¤y fe;wK dhnK ;VeK dh bµpkJh

;VeK dh fe;w bzpkJh (feHwh) 31H03H2016 sZe 31H03H2017 sZe

ok;aNoh wkor 2,769 2,769

oki wkor 1,133 1,103

fiabQ/ dhnK ;VeK 6,930 6,980

;afjoh ;VeK 17,534 17,868

fdjksh ;VeK 70,362 101,123

gq'i?eN ;VeK 9,651 9,650

e[Zb 108,379 139,493

;kXBL Gkos d/ p[fBnkdh ;Ve nµeV/, ;Ve nktkikJh ns/ okiwkor wµsokb/, Gkos ;oeko

619

277

203 201 188 184

92

u'Dt/A okiK ftu'A ;Veh xDsk ftZu gzikp dk d{;ok ;EkB j?.

95% 93%90%

83%79%

71% 70% 68%

61%

gzikp dhnK 90 gqsh;as s'A tZX ;VeK ezeohN dhnK jB.

316

fgSb/ ;kb d/ w[ekpb/ 2017^18 ftu w'No tjheb ofi;Nq/;B ftu 7H9 gqshPs dk tkXk doi

ehsk frnk. 31 wkou, 2017 ƒ 98H42 b¤y tkjB d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp e'b 31 wkou,2018 sZe,

106H22 b¤y ofi;Nov w'No tjheb ;B,yak;eo, d'gjhnk tjhebK ns/ w?e;h e?pK d/ wkwb/

ft¤u fJj tkXk pj[s fInkdk ;h. fJ; dk ekoB b'eK d/ t¤X oj/ nkwdB g¤Xo ns/ fJBQK

tjhebK dh n;kB T[gbpXsk j?. oki d/ fIfbQnK ftu'A, b[fXnkDk, ibµXo ns/ nµfwqs;o (x¤Nd/

eqw nB[;ko) fty/ ofi;Nov w'No tjhebK dh frDsh ;G s'A fInkdk j?.

fu¤so 79L fwsh 31H03H2018 s¤e gµikp ft¤u w'No tkjBK dh tµv

;kXBL oki nzeVk ;ko, gzikp

w'No tjheb ofi;Nq/PB dh ouBk d'gjhnk tkjBK d/ dpdp/ ƒ do;kT[Adh j? (fu¤so 79). fgSb/

;kb d/ w[ekpb/ 2017^18 ft¤u 8H1 gqshPs dh ;bkBk ftek; do Bkb, tkjBK dh e[¤b wksok

ftu 76H1 gqshPs d' gjhnk tkjB ;B, fJ; s'A pknd jbe/ w'No tkjB (9H8 gqshPs) ns/ wkb

tkjB (2H6 gqshPs) ;B. fgSb/ ;kbK d"okB oki ft¤u tkjBK dh xDsk ft¤u ftneshrs tkjBK

dh t¤X ojh fj¤;/dkoh Bkb eJh r[Dk tkXk j'fJnk j?. fJ; d/ |b;o{g GhV, gkofeµr, jtk

gqd{PD, ;Ve d[oxNBktK, nkfd torhnK rµGho ;w¤f;nktK ;kjwD/ nkJhnK jB. fJ; bJh oki

dh jfonktb ns/ ;[ykt/A ofjD :'r tksktoD ƒ :ehBh pDkT[D bJh tkjBK d/ tkX/ ƒ fB:µsfos

eoB ns/ gpfbe :ksk:ks d/ ;kXBK t¤b fbikT[Dk Io{oh j?.

o/bt/

gµikp ftu 2,765 feb'whNo d/ ofBµr No?e Bkb o/bt/ dk B?Ntoe tXhnk Yµr Bkb fte;s j? i' Gkos d/ e[b o/bt/ B?Ntoe dk 2H9 gqshPs pDdk j?. o/b xDsk d/ ;µdoG ftu, gµikp nkgD/ s[bBkswe okiK d/ w[ekpb/ 55 ofBµr No?e; gqsh 1000 tor feb'whNo d/ Bkb tXhnk gqdoPB eodk j?. (fu¤so 80) gµikp g{oph ;wofgs co/N ek¤ohv'o

0.5%

9.8%1.1%

76.1%

2.6%0.1%

9.7%

pZ;K

jbe/ tkjB

Eoh ftboia

N{ ftboia

wkb tkjB

w?e;h e?p

j'o

57 55

44 4232

2723

o/bt/ xDsk gqsh 1000 tor HfeHwh .

fu¤so 80L 2017 ^18 d/ nµs s¤e okiK ft¤u o/b xDsk (feb'whNo ft¤u)

;kXBL Gkosh o/bt/ ;bkBkp[Ze, 2017^18 B'N ofBµr No?e dh xDsk gqsh 1000 tor feb'whNo Bkb wkgh rJh j?.

317

(JhHvhHn?¤cH;hH) dk th fJe fj¤;k j?, i' fe 1,839 feHwhH bµph co/N bkJhB j? i' gµikp d/ b[fXnkDk s'A g¤Swh pµrkb d/ vKe[Bh s¤e ftSh j'Jh j?. Jhvhn?c;h dh T[;koh Bkb oki ftu tgko d/ eJh w"e/ y[bQ rJ/ ns/ T[d:'rK ƒ ckfJdk j'fJnk j?, i' nktkikJh bJh o/bt/ T[¤s/ fBoGo eod/ jB.

Pfjoh jtkpkIh

oki ft¤u Pfjoh jtkpkIh dk ftek;, so¤eh ns/ ekB{zBh fB:w, Pfjoh jtkpkIh ftGkr d/

nfXeko y/so ft¤u nkT[Ad/ jB. ftGkr d[nkok w[j¤Jhnk eotkJhnK iKdhnK ;/tktK ft¤u BthAnK

jtkJh g¤NhnK, n?o'vo'wI ns/ jtkJh n¤fvnK dh ;EkgBk, T[vkD ns/ rbkJhfvµr eb¤pK ƒ

ft¤sh ;jkfJsk, oki ;oeko d/ jtkJh ijkIK, j?bhekgNoK dh yohd, o¤y^oykn ns/ fBgNko/

nkfd Pkwb jB. fJ; ;w/A oki ftu gµi jtkJh n¤v/ jB, i' nµfwqs;o, pfmµvk, b[fXnkDk,

gmkBe'N ns/ gfNnkb/ ft¤u ;fEs jB. ;qh r[o{ okw dk; ih, nµfwqs;o ftZu fJe nµsookPNoh

jtkJh n¤vk j?, nfjwdkpkd, pµrb"o, e'fJµpN{o, fd¤bh, j?dokpkd, w[µpJh, g[D/, PqhBro nkfd

tor/ t¤v/ Gkosh PfjoK ns/ e[nkbkbµg[o, pofwµxw, bµvB, d[pJh, d'jk, f;µrkg[o, skPeµd, nkfd

tor/ d/PK Bkb ;µgoe gqdkB eodk j?.

4H5 N?bhek¤w

‘;µuko ns/ gq;koD Bkb i[VhnK ;/tktK* B/ ihHthHJ/H ;kb 2019^20(nr/s/)ftu 8533H30 eo'V40

o[gJ/ ns/ fJ; B/ 3H6 gqshPs :'rdkB gkfJnk. ;kb 2012^13 s'A 2019^20 (nr/s/) d/ d"okB

fJ; T[g y/so dk n";s fjZ;k ;/tktK dh ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H ftZu 4H1 gqshPs ;h i' fJ;/ ;w/A d"okB

7H2 gqshPs dh n";s do Bkb tfXnk j?.

e"wKsoh n";s d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp ftu gqsh 100 nkpkdh ftu tkfJob?¤; N?bh^v?Bf;Nh ns/

fJµNoB?N rkjeK d/ Bkb N?bhekw ;?eNo fJe ftek;Phb gVkn s/ j?. (fu¤so 81) N?bh^v?Bf;Nh,

i' gqsh 100 nkpkdh ftu N?bhc'B e[B?ePBK dh frDsh d¤;dh j? ns/ oki ftu N?bhekw d/ gq;ko

dh ;{ue j?. N?bhekw o?r{b/Noh nEkoNh nkca fJµvhnk (NokJh) d/ nµeV/ do;kT[Ad/ jB fe gµikp

ftu tkfJob?¤; N?bh^v?Bf;Nh e"wh g¤Xo s/ 88H50 d/ w[ekpb/ 124H75 j?. fJ;/ soQK, oki dh gqsh

100 dh nkpkdh s/ fJµNoB?N d/ rkjeK dh n";s 50H52 dh e"wh n";s d/ w[ekpb/ 75H11 j?. oki,

g/Av{ ns/ Pfjoh, d't/A y/soK ft¤u T[go'es ;µe/sK d/ nXko s/ oki okPNoh n";s Bkb'A fpjso j?,

id'A fe oki ft¤u N?bh^v?Bf;Nh ns/ fJµNoB?N rkjeh d'BK ftu wj¤stg{oB Pfjoh^g/Av{ nµso

w"i{d jB.

40 In Current Prices

318

fu¤so 81L Gkos ns/ gµikp ftu gqw[¤y N?bhekw ;µe/se

;kXBL N?bhekw o?r{b/Noh nEkoNh nkc fJµvhnk (fJµvhnB N?bhekw ;oftf;I gockow?A; fJµvhe/No;, ngq?b^i{B 2019)

;koDh 29L 30 i{B, 2019 s¤e gµikp ns/ Gkos dh N?bhekw ;fEsh

fJzvhe?No gzikp Gkos

e[Zb g?Av{ Pfjoh e[Zb g?Av{ Pfjoh

tkfJob?Z; N?bhv?Bf;Nh(#) 124.75 77.53 188.22 88.50 56.68 156.42

tkfJobkfJB N?bhv?Bf;Nh(#) 1.93 0.90 3.32 1.61 0.32 4.36

Utonkb N?bhv?Bf;Nh(#) 126.68 78.43 191.54 90.11 57.00 160.78

tkfJob?Z; ;p;eokfJpoI(fwbhnB ftZu) 37.36 13.31 24.04 1165.46 508.19 657.27

tkfJobkfJB ;p;eokfJpoI(fwbhnB ftZu) 0.58 0.15 0.42 21.17 2.85 18.31

e[Zb ;p;eokfJpoI(fwbhnB ftZu) 37.94 13.47 24.47 1186.63 511.05 675.58

po'Avp?Av ;p;eokfJpoI(fwbhnB ftZu) 22.13 6.42 15.71 594.59 202.85 391.74

B?o'p?Av ;p;eokfJpoI(fwbhnB ftZu) 1.90 0.82 1.08 70.73 35.42 35.31

e[Zb fJzNoB?ZN ;p;eokfJpoI(fwbhnB ftZu) 24.04 7.25 16.79 665.31 238.26 427.05

fJzNoB?ZN ;p;eokfJpoI gqsh 100 nkpkdh fgZS/ 75.11 41.69 114.84 50.52 26.57 101.63

;kXBL N?bhekw o?r{b/Noh nEkoNh nkc fJµvhnk (fJµvhnB N?bhekw ;oftf;I gockow?A; fJµvhe/No;, ngq?b^i{B 2019)

4H6 ft¤sh ;/tktK

t¤X ojh nkwdB ft¤sh ;/tktK dh wµr ƒ Io{oh pDkT[Adh j? fi; ftu g/P/to ;/tktK fit/A pus,

G[rskB, phwk, eq?fvN ns/ XB ns/ ;µgshnK d/ gqpµXB Pkwb jB. gµikp ft¤u ;/tktK d/ y/so dh

ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H ft¤u ftZsh ;/tktK dk ;kb 2019^20 nr/s/ d"okB fj¤;k 10H7 gqshPs j?. 2012^13

124.75

77.53

188.22

88.50

56.68

156.42

e[Zb fdjksh ;afjoh

tkfJob?Z; N?bhv?Bf;Nh

gzikp Gkos

75.11

41.69

114.84

50.52

26.57

101.63

e[Zb fdjksh ;afjoh

fJzNoB?N rkjeK dh frDsh 100 dh nkpkdh fgZS/

gzikp Gkos

319

s'A 2019^20 (nr/s/) d"okB 4H6 gqshPs dh n";sB ftek; do d/ Bkb, ;kb 2019^20 (nr/s/)

ft¤u T[g^;?eNo dk ihHn?¤;HthHJ/H 25,479H56 eo'V o[gJ/ (gqubs ehwsK s/)j?.

ft¤sh y/so fJe noE ftt;Ek d/ ;w[¤u/ ftek; ftu wj¤stg{oD G{fwek ndk eodk j? ns/ ft¤sh

;µ;EktK fJ; ;?eNo dk fJe nfjw fj¤;k jB. fe;/ th oki ftu ft¤sh ;/tktK dh T[gbpXsk ns/

r[Dt¤sk dk ft;sko oki ftu w"i{d ft¤sh ;µ;EktK d/ p[fBnkdh YKu/ *s/ fBoGo eodk j?. fJ¤e

ft¤sh ;µ;Ek, ftneshnK ns/ eko'pkoK d'jK ƒ iwQK, T[Xko ns/ fBt/P dhnK ftfGµB fe;wK gqdkB

eodh j?. p?Ae, phwk eµgBhnK, pq'eo/i cowK ft¤sh ;µ;EktK dhnK e[M gqw[¤y fe;wK jB i' p?AeK

t¤b'A iBse pus ƒ i[NkT[D ns/ fBt/PeK ns/ eoIk b?D tkfbnK bJh T[Xko dh T[gbpXsk ƒ

:ehBh pDkT[D ft¤u wj¤stg{oD G{fwek fBGkT[AdhnK jB.

gµikp dh p?Afeµr o{go/yk

fu¤so 82L gµikp ftu y/so ns/ tor nB[;ko p?Ae PkyktK dh tµv

;kXBL gµikp p?Afeµr gq'ckJhb, n?; n?b ph ;h, gµikp

;sµpo 2019 s¤e, gµikp e'b gpfbe ;?eNo d/ 18 p?Ae, 14 fB¤ih ;?eNo ns/ S'N/ ft¤s p?Ae,1

y/soh fdjksh p?Ae ns/ 1 ;fjekoh p?Ae ;w/s e[Zb 7181 poKuk jB. fJ¤e p?Ae Pkyk n";sB

4,26441 dh nkpkdh ƒ ;/tktK gqdkB eodh j?. fu¤so 82 ftu do;kJ/ nB[;ko fJjBK PkyktK dh

tµv y/soK d/ Bkb Bkb Pq/Dh nB[;ko ehsh rJh j?. fJj ;g¤PN j? g/Av{ fJbkfenK ft¤u e[¤b pqKuK

ft¤u'A 45 gqshPs d/ Bkb g/Av{ p?Ae dhnK PkyktK dh ;µfynk fInkdk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk, gpfbe

;?eNo dhnK p?Ae PkyktK e[¤b PkyktK ftu'A 60 gqshPs (4280 PkyktK) jB, fiBQK ftu fdjksh

41 Population figures provided by MOSPI for 2018-19

45%

29%

26%

gA/v{ y/soK ftZu p?Ae ;akyktK dk ;G s'A tZvk fjZ;k j?.

fdjksh T[g ;afjoh ;afjoh

60%23%

6%11%

iBse y/so d/ p?AeK ftZu ;G s'A tZX frDsh j[zdh j?.

iBse y/so p?Ae

fBZih y/so ns/ S'N/ ftZs p?Ae

y/soh g/Av{ p?Ae

;fjekoh p?Ae

320

y/soK ftu 1629 ns/ T[g^Pfjoh ns/ Pfjoh fJbkfenK ftu eqwtko 1348 ns/ 1303 PkyktK

jB.

u'Dt/A okiK ftZu gzikp ftZu ;G s'A fiankdk ewo;ahnb p?Ae jB.(fuso 83)wiap{s p?Afezr

B?Ntoe Bk f;oca ftZsh ;aw{bhns B{z T[s;akfjs eodk j? pbfe nkofEe rshftXhnK ns/ bkGekoh

fBt/;a ftu th ftfGzBsk fbnkT[Adk j? feT[Afe fJj iBse pus B{{z iNkT[D ftu ;j{bs fdzdk j?.

fu¤so 83L 31 d;zpo 2018 sZe gqsh 1000 tor feb'whNo oep/ ftZu ewofPnb p?Aek dh frDsh

;kXBL oki nzeVk ;ko,gµikp

p?AeK t¤b'A iwQK ns/ eoI/

;kb 2018 ft¤u gµikp ft¤u P?fvT{bv ewoPhnb p?AeK dh e[¤b iwQK oew tXh j? id'Afe e[¤b

eoI/ ft¤u froktN nkJh j?. p?AeK d[nkok iwQK ns/ eoI/ noE ftt;Ek ft¤u g?;/ d/ gqtkj d/

;µe/s jB. fJ; s'A fJbktk, p?AeK d[nkok fd¤s/ e[¤b eoI/, y/shpkVh, T[d:'r, ftneshrs

ygsekoK nkfd dhnK eoIk io{osK d/ ;{ue jB. gµikp d/ P?fvT{bv ewoPhnb p?AeK dhnK e[¤b

iwQK oewK ;kb 2017 d/ w[ekpb/ 2018 ft¤u 5H1 gqshPs tXhnK jB. fgSb/ ;kb d/ w[ekpb/ ;kb

2018 ft¤u y/shpkVh, T[d:'r ns/ ftneshrs ygsekoK ƒ T[Xko ftu tkX/ d/ pkti{d e[b

gqtkfBs eoI/ ftu 3H2 gqshPs dh froktN nkJh j?.

eoIkîwQk (;hvh) nB[gks, i' p?AeK d[nkok gqkgs iwQK okPhnK s'A wBI{o ehs/ eoI/ dk nB[gks

j?, T[j okPNoh p?Auwkoe Bkb'A t¤X j?. T[¤u nB[gks do;kT[Adk j? fe p?Ae nkgDh iwQK s'A t¤X

eoI/ g?dk eo oj/ jB ns/ fJ;/ soQK fJ; d/ T[bN th ;jh j?.Gkos ft¤u eoIkîwQk nB[gks

bJh okPNoh p?Auwkoe 60 o¤fynk frnk j?. gµikp ft¤u, ;kb 2017 ns/ 2018 bJh P?fvT{bv

ewoPhnb p?AeK bJh eoIkîwQk nB[gks eqwtko 71H2 ns/ 68H3 ojh j?.idfe 2014 s'A 2018

sZe d/ ;w/A d"okB eoIkîwQk nB[gks d{;o/ T[¤u nkwdB tkb/ okiK Bkb s[bBk fJj dZ;dh j? fe

eoIkîwQk nB[gks d{;o/(skfwbBkv{,nKXok gqd/;a,s/bzrkBk,wjKok;aNo,r[iaoks,jfonkDk ns/

eoBkNe) ftZu E'Vh tZX j?.

172

134

116

88

5546 46 45 44 42

e/obk gzikp jfonkDk skfwbBkv{ eoBkNe s//bzrkBk Gkos nKXok gqd/;a wjKok;aNo r[iaoks

gµikp ftu p?Afzer B?ZNtoe dh wip{s ftt;Ek

321

;koDh 30L gµikp ft¤u nB[;{fus tgkoe p?AeK bJh p?Afeµr ;µe/se (wkou d/ nµs s¤e ns/ o[gJ/ fpbhnB ft¤u) fJzvhe/Noia 2017 2018 pdbkt(# ftZu) e[Zb iwQK 3310 3478 5H1# e[Zb eo?fvN 2283 2209 ^3H2#

T[g:'rsk d/ ;EkB d/ nB[;ko eo?fvNFfvg'fiaN nB[gks(gqsh;as) 71H2 68H3 T[gbpZX BjhA j? y/shpkVh bJh e[Zb eo?fvN 664 711 7H1# T[d:'r bJh e[Zb eo?fvN 651 706 8H4# e[Zb fBZiah eoia 356 429 20H5#

;kXBL j?Avp[¤e nkca fJµvhnB ;N?fN;fNe;, nkophnkJh

4H7 L t¤y t¤y ;oekoh gfjbedwhnK

;Ve nktkikJh

;Ve nktkikJh dk BthBheoBL gµikp ;oeko B/ gµikp o'vt/I d/ w"i{dk p[fBnkdh YKu/ ƒ ngrq/v

eoB bJh gfjbedwhnK ehshnK jB. NoK;g'oN ftGkr d/ eµfgT{NoheoB, g[okDhnK p¤;K ƒ

pdbDk ns/ foetoh t?BK dh yohd, ;ofjµd ns/ pfmµvk fty/ Bt/A p¤; n¤v/ dh T[;koh, nµfwqs;o

d/ :{E j';Nb fty/ nµsookPNoh p¤; NowhBb dh w[oµws nkfd bJh th edw u[¤e/ rJ/ jB.

ftek; J/iµ;hnK Bkb ;fj:'rL gµikp ;oeko B/ ;VeK d/ p[fBnkdh YKu/ ƒ fpjso pDkT[D bJh

ftPt p?Ae ns/ Bkpkov d/ Bkb fwb e/ eµw ehsk j? fi; ftu BthAnK ;VeK dk fBowkD, w"i{dk

;Veh B?Ntoe ƒ u"Vk eoBk ns/ g[bK dh T[;koh nkfd Pkwb jB.

Pfjoh jtkpkIh

Pfjoh jtkpkIh d/ p[fBnkdh YKu/ dk BthBheoBL uµvhrVQ nµsookPNoh jtkJh n¤v/ d/ oBt/ ƒ

ngrq/v ehsk ik fojk j? ns/ tZv/ jtkJh ijkIK ƒ ;µGkbD bJh fJ; dh bµpkJh tXk e/ 10,500

c[¤N ehsh ik ojh j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk x¤N o';aBh ftu jtkJh ijkIK ƒ ;µGkbD bJh ;hJ/Nh 3 ph

nkJhn?bn?; f;;Nw th brkfJnk ik fojk j?.

okPNoh T[¤uso f;¤fynk nfGnkB ;ehw sfjs gfNnkbk fty/ gµikp oki J/no'B'fNeb

fJµihBhnfoµr ekbi dh ;EkgBk ehsh rJh j?. dkybk gqfefonk nekdfwe ;?PB 2018 s'A P[o{ j'

u[eh j?.

y/soh e[B?eNhftNh ;ehw (nkoH;hHn?¤;H) d/ sfjs, gµikp ;oeko B/ Gkos, ;oeko Bkb

b[fXnkDk, pfmµvk, gmkBe'N ns/ nkdwg[o s'A T[vkDK P[o{ eoB bJh J/nobkJhB ;µukbeK ƒ

fonkfJsK $ ;jkfJsk gqdkB eoB bJh ;wM"fsnK *s/ d;sys ehs/ jB. fJ; :'iBk sfjs T[vkDK

gfjbK jh b[fXnkDk, pfmµvk, gmkBe'N ns/ nkdwg[o s'A P[o{ j' u[¤ehnK jB.

;?o ;gkNk

322

;?o^;gkN/ ƒ T[sPkjs ns/ ;?o^;gkNk p[fBnkdh YKu/ d/ ftek;L fgqµN ns/ fJb?eNqkfBe whvhnk

okjhA pqKv Sth pDkT[D ns/ gquko w[fjµwK, o'v P'n d/ nk:'iB ns/ fJµNo?efNt t?p;kJhN d/

ftek; bJh gfjb ehsh rJh j?. fIbQk g¤Xoh ;?o^;gkN/ ns/ ftok;sh ;[;kfJNhnK ƒ T[sPkjs

eoB bJh fJ¤e ekog; cµv th pDkfJnk frnk j?. gµikp ;oeko B/ oki ftu ;?o^;gkNk

p[fBnkdh YKu/ d/ ftek; bJh J/PhnB ftek; p?Ae Bkb ;fj:'r ehsk j?.

nfXnkfJ 5 ;afjoh ftek; ;afjoheoD nkofEe soZeh d/ Bkb Bkb uZbdk j?, ;afjoh y/so t;BheK dh nkwdB ns/ yohd ;aesh finkdk j'D ekoB ns/ e[;absk ns/ j'o b"VhAdhnK p[fBnkdh io{osK dh T[gbZpXsk j'D

323

ekoB ;/tktK ns/ T[d:'r d/ wjZstg{oD y/so bJh pj[s Y[etK j?. gzikp ftZu ;afjoheoB dh do ;ot Gkosh gZXo Bkb'A tX/o/ T[Zuh ojh j?. ;kb 2011 ftZu seohpB 37# nkpkdh gzikp d/ ;afjoh fJbkfenK ftZu ofjzdh ;h id'A fe ok;aNoh gZXo s/ 31# ;h.;afjoh gzikp ftZu ihtB dh r[DtZsk dk w[bKeD fJj do;kT[Adk j? fe gzikp j'o okiK (fJe' fijh gqsh ftnesh nkwdB tkb/) d/ w[ekpb/ w[ZYbhnK ;/tktK sZe gj[zu ftZu fpjso gqdo;aB eo fojk j?. gzikp dhnK ;kohnK ;afjoh ;EkBe ;z;EktK B{z y[ZbQ/ ftZu ;a"u s'A w[es x'f;as ehsk frnk j?/ ns/ e{Vk eoeN fJZemk eoB ns/ e{Vk eoeN tZy eoB ftZu th soZeh ehsh j?. fJ;/ soQK szdo[;s gzikp torhnK ;ehwK B/ f;js ;pzXh p/jso Bshi/ gqkgs eoB ftZu ;jkfJsk ehsh j?. wekB T[;koh ns/ ;afjoh wkwb/ wzsokb/ tZb'A ;kb 2018 ftZu ehsh doikpzdh nB[;ko Gkos d/ 111 ;afjoK ftZu'A fszB ;wkoN ;afjo b[fXnkDk,nzfwqs;o ns/ ibzXo eqwtko 35,76 ns/ 77t/A Bzpo s/ jB. fszB' ;afjoK B/ nkofEesk ns/ o[iarko d/ y/so ftZu tXhnk gqdo;aB ehsk j?. b[fXnkDk B/ fojkfJ;ah jkbsK ,y[bQhnK EktK,gqd{;aB,nktkikJh,iwhBh tos'A ns/ fpibh dh ;gbkJh ftZu tXhnk gqdo;aB ehsk j?. nzfwqs;o ns/ ibzXo B/ gq;ak;B,fpibh ;gbkJh, gkDh dh ;gbkJh,m'; e{Vk eoeN d/ gqpzXB ftZu soZeh ehsh j?. gzikp ftZu 167 ;afjoh ;EkBe ;z;EktK (:{Hn?bHphia) jB. ;EkBe ;z;EktK d/ ftZs ft;ab/;aD s'A gsk uZbdk j? fe ;afjoh ;EkBe ;z;EktK dk e[Zb wkbhnk 2011^12 ftZu 2,377 eo'V o[gJ/ s'A tZX e/ 2016^17 ftZu 3,119 eo'V o[gJ/ j' frnk j?,j'o ft;ab/;aD eoB s/ gsk uZbdk j? fe ;EkBe ;z;EktK d/ e[Zb wkbhJ/ ftZu N?e; wkbhJ/ dh gqsh;ssk 2011^12 ftZu 58# s'A tZX e/ 2016^17 ftu 68H8# j' rJh j?.r?o N?e; wkbhnk dk nB[gks 2011^12 ftZu 16H8# s'A xZN e/ 2016^17 d"okB 14H5# j' frnk j?. xo/b{ wkbhnK fJeZmk eoB ns/ oki ns/ e/Ado dhnK spdhnK s'A fJbktk :{Hn?bHph*ia fwT{A;hgb pkvK ns/ g{b ftZs tor/ czvK B{z fJeZmk eoB d/ j'o ;ao's d/ T[gokb/ eo ;edk j?.

5H1 gµikp ftu PfjoheoB

;µy/g Mks

‘;hNhI ns/ t?bE nkca B/PBI’ ftu, i/B i?e'pI B/ fejk, “Pfjo, Bk fe fgµv, fJe ftek;Phb noEftt;Ek d/ ;µftXkBe s¤s jB ns/ fJj ;fGnsk d/ nkoµG s'A jh wj¤stg{oB s¤s oj/ jB.” i?e'p d[nkok i' e[M fejk frnk j?, T[j fJ; :[¤r ftu pj[s ;ko/ b'eK bJh j?okBh dh r¤b BjhA, feT[Afe Pfjo ;¤uw[¤u *nkofEe ftek; d/ fJµiD* jB. jkbKfe, fJj B'N eoBk wj¤stg{oB j? fe ^ Pfjo e[dos dk T[sgkd BjhA jB. Pfjo pDkJ/ ik ;ed/ jB fi;dk noE j? fe ;kv/ d/P dh B"itkB npkdh d/ T[d/;a ƒ g{ok eoB bJh fJµiB dk ft;sko ehsk ik ;edk j?. pdb/ ft¤u, fJj ftek; d/ Bkb Bkb y[Pjkbh ƒ n¤r/ tXkJ/rk. gµikp Gkos d/ pj[s ;ko/ fj¤f;nK Bkb'A tX/o/ Pfjoh j? fJ; bJh fJj iB;zfynk d/ S'N/ ;w{j dh pikJ/ tZv/ ;w{j sZe y[;ajkbh gj[zukT[Adk j?.

324

gµikp ftu PfjoheoB e"wh g¤Xo Bkb'A finkdk j?. PfjoheoB, i' Pfjoh y/soK ft¤u t;dh nkpkdh dk e[¤b nkpkdh Bkb nB[gks ti'A gfoGkPs j?.gzikp ftZu 2001 ftZu 33H9# s'A tZX e/ 2011 ftZu th 37H5# j' frnk j?. fuZso 84 do;kT[Adk j? fe gzikp ftZu ;afjoheoD 2001 ns/ 1991 d/ o[MkB nB[;ko 2011 ftZu th ok;aNoh gZXo s'A finkdk j?. idfe Gkos dh 2001 ftZu 27H8# nkpkdh ns/ 2011 ftZu 31H1# nkpkdh ;afjoK ftZu ofjzdh ;h.

;kXBL Gkos dh iDrDBk (t¤y^t¤y ;kb)

fXnkB d/D :'r j? fe ok;aNoh ;fEsh dh soi nB[;ko ;afjoh n"os nkpkdh tZXD dh do ;afjoh wod nkpkdh Bkb'A findk j? (N/pb 31) .;kb 2001 ft¤u gµikp ft¤u Pfjoh n"osK dh nkpkdh 3,794,062 s'A tX e/ ;kb 2011 ftu 4,853,157 j' rJh i' fe fJ;/ ;w/A d"okB Pfjoh wodK dh nkpkdh dh 24H1 gqshPs dh ftek; do d/ w[ekpb/ 27H9 gqshPs dh tkXk do Bkb tXh j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk, Pfjoh nkpkdh dk tkXk, wodK ns/ n"osK d'tK bJh, g/Av{^Pfjoh gotk; ekoB j'fJnk. gµikp ft¤u g/Av{^Pfjoh gotk; bJh e[M ;µGt ftnkfynk j/m fd¤s/ Gkr ftu fdZsh rJh j?.

;koDh 31L 2001^2011 ftu Pfjoh iB;µfynK ftu djkek tkXk do

gµikp ft¤u, wod w[¤y s"o s/ o[Irko d/ w"fenK dh Gkb ft¤u ns/ n"osK w[¤y s"o s/ ftnkj[sk ekoBK eoe/ g/Av{ s'A Pfjoh y/soK ft¤u gqtk; eod/ jB.wodwP[wkoh 2011 do;kT[Adh j? fe okPNoh g¤Xo s/ 79H4 fwbhnB b'e g/Av{ s'A Pfjoh y/soK ft¤u gotk; eo rJ/ ;B. gµikp dk nµeVk 2H0 fwbhnB j? fi;

Bkb e[b g/Av{^Pfjoh gqtk;hnK ftu 2H6 gqshPs :'rdkB gkfJnk j?. fu¤so 85 fJj do;kT[Adk j? fe wod gqtk;hnK dk 46H0 gqshPs eµw $ o[Irko d/ fpjso w"fenK dh Gkb ft¤u g/Av{ s'A Pfjoh y/soK ft¤u gotk; eo frnk, id'A fe gqtk;h n"osK dk 52H3 gqshPs ftnkj[sk ekoBK eoe/ gotk; eo frnk. fJ;/ soQK, ;ot Gkosh g¤Xo *s/, e[b g[oP gqtk;hnK ftu'A 45H1 gqshPs o[Irko d/ nt;oK dh Gkb ftu ub/ rJ/ ns/ 51H8 gqshPs gqtk;h n"osK nkgD/ ftnkj

;qa/Dh Gkos gzikp

e[Zb 31.8% 25.9%

wod 29.8% 24.1%

n"osK 34.0% 27.9%

;kXBL Gkos dh iDrDBk, 2001 ns/ 2011

30.0%

33.9%37.5%

26.0%27.8%

31.1%

1991 2001 2011

gzikp ftZu ;afjoheoD ok;aNoh gZXo s' finkdk j?.

gzikp Gkos

fuso^84 gµikp ns/ Gkos ftu ;afjoh iB;zfynk dh e[¤b iB;µfynK Bkb gqsh;assk.

325

s'A pknd gqtk; eo rJhnK. fJ; soQK fJj d/fynk ik ;edk j? fe gzikp ns/ ok;aNoh gZXo s/ b'eK d/ gotk; d/ fJZe' fij/ ekoB jB.

fuZso 85 fbzr nB[;ko g/Av{ ;afjoh gqtk; d/ ekoB,2011

;kXBL Gkos dh iDrDBk, 2011

gµikp dh n¤Xh s'A t¤X Pfjoh nkpkdh uko fIfbQnK ft¤u e/Adfos j? . ;koDh 32 do;kT[Adh j? fe ;kb 2011 ftu gµikp d/ u'Nh d/ gµi fIfbQnK ft¤u ;G s'A t¤X Pfjoh nkpkdh j?.fJ; s'A ;gPN j? gµikp dh n¤Xh Pfjoh nkpkdh b[fXnkDk, nµfwqs;o, ibµXo ns/ gfNnkb/ fIfbQnK ft¤u t¤;dh j?. fJBQK Pfjoh e/AdoK d[nkok fd¤shnK iKdhnK tXhnk ;j{bsK ns/ o[Irko d/ w"fenK s'A fJbktk, nµfwqs;o, b[fXnkDk ns/ ibµXo d/ Bkb^Bkb nµfwqs;o^e'beksk T[d:'fre bKx/ dk ftek; b'eK bJh fJBQK PfjoK t¤b gotk; eoB dk fJ¤e wIp{s ekoB j? . don;b, gµikp ft¤u g/Av{^Pfjoh gqtk; dk 45H3 gqshPs fJBQK 4 PfjoK ft¤u gotk; ehsk j?. t¤X ojh Pfjoh npkdh dhnK b'VK dh g{osh bJh, b[fXnkDk, nµfwqs;o ns/ ibµXo ƒ ;wkoN f;Nh dk doik fd¤sk frnk j? i' fJBQK PfjoK ftu p[fBnkdh YKu/ dhnK ;[ftXktK ftu tkXk eo/rk.

;koDh^32 oki dh ;fjoh iB;µfynk ftu w[¤y gµi fifbQnk dk fj;k,2011

46% 45%

52% 52%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

gzikp Gkos gzikp Gkos

g[o;a n"osk

g/v{ ;afjoh gqtk; dk w[Zy ekoB g[o;Ka bJh nkofEe w'e/ ns/ n"osk dk ftnkj j'Dk j?

ezw$o[irko tgko f;fynk ftnkj iBw s' pknd rJ/ xo ;w/s rJ/ j'o

fuZso 86L gzikp ftu ;afjoh nkpkdh dh ;EkfBe tzv, 2011 (gqsh;as ftZu)

326

;afjoh nkpkdh dh fJe;ko tzv Bk j'D Bkb ;afjoh e/AdoK dhnK w"i{dk p[fBnkdh ;j{bsK s/ dpkn g?Adk j?. 2011 dh wodw;a[wkoh nB[;ko gzikp d/ ;aq/DhtkJhia ;afjoK ftZu t;dh nkpkdh B{z ;koDh 33 ftZu g/;a ehsk frnk j?. fJ; s'A gsk uZbdk j? fe finkdkso (58#) ;afjoh tZ;'A ;q/Dh 1 ;afjoK ftZu ofjzdh j?.fJ; soQK ;afjoheoD r?o ;wkB bhj nB[;ko tZXdk j? s/ fJ;/ soQK tZXdk oj/rk. i' fe wekB,ib ;gbkJh,fpibh,;hto/i ,m'; e[Vk gqpzXB nkfd w'i{dk ;j{bsK dk fBozso ngrq/v ns/ tkXk

wzrdk j?. fJ; d/ Bkb fJj wzBDk gt/rk fe gzikp ;oeko ;afjoh ;j{bsK ns/ S'N/ ;afjoK ftZu T[gbZpX ;j{bsK B{z g/Av{ y/so ftZu ngrq/v eo fojk j?. ;koDh^33 ;?A;ia dhnK ;aq/DhnK nB[;ko ;afjo $ e;p/, 2011

o?Ae fibQ/ oki dh ;afjoh

nkpkdh ftZu fjZ;k

1 b[fXnkDk 19.9%

2 nzfwqs;o 12.8%

3 ibzXo 11.2%

4 gfNnkbk 7.3%

5 r[odk;g[o 6.3%


;afjoh $ e;p/ ;q/Dh ;afjoh nkpkdh

2001 2011

;q/Dh I (nkpkdh 100,000 ns/ T[go) 48,19,089 60,63,248

;q/Dh II ( nkpkdh 50,000 s'A 99,999) 13,14,224 16,77,646

;q/Dh III (nkpkdh 20,000 s'A 49,999 ) 10,82,085 13,52,294

;q/Dh IV (nkpkdh 10,000 s'A 19,999) 8,10,753 8,82,071

;q/Dh V (nkpkdh 5,000 s'A 9,999) 2,13,410 3,48,406

;q/Dh VI (nkpkdh 5,000 s'A xZN) 22,950 75,481

I'V 82,62,511 1,03,99,146

;kXBL 15t/A ftZs efw;aB dk w?w'ozvw ,gzikp ;oeko.

gotk; ns/ fJ; d/ gqGkt

fit/A fe fuZso 87 ftZu do;kfJnk frnk j?,gzikp d/ fifbQnK ftZu gqsh ftnesh nkwdB ns/ ;afjoheoD ftZu e'Jh ft;/a; ;pzX BjhA j?. fJj ;pzX f;ZXk BjhA j?.fJj do;kT[Adk j? fe b'e Bk f;oc nkofEe ekoBK eoe/ PfjoK tZb iKd/ jB fJ;d/ eJh ekoB j' ;ed/ jB fit/A fe fpjso f;js ;µGkb, f;¤fynk, p[fBnkdh ;j{bsK nkfd. id'A fe fJj pj[s ft;Ekog{ote ns/ v{µx/ nfXn?B dh wµr eodk j?, fJj fBPus s"o s/ do;kT[Adk j? fe f;oc nkofEe y[Pjkbh

327

fuso^87L gzikp d/ fiafbQnK ftu gqsh ftnesh nkwdB ns/ ;afjoheoB dh do (gqshPs)

;kXBL noE ns/ nµeVk ;µrmB, gµikp ;oeko ns/ wodw;a[wkoh 2011

fi¤E'A se gotk; dk ;µpµX j?, y/shpkVh s'A B"eoh iK T[d:'r d/ y/so t¤b ikD dh fJ¤Sk, ;afjoh y/so dhnK ;j{bsK, eJh sohfenK Bkb iBsk ƒ wkBf;e s"o s/ gqGkfts eoB tkbh nkX[fBesk g/Av{^Pfjoh gotk; d/ ekoD jB. fJ; s'A fJbktk nfijh gqtk; fJ¤e ;ekokswe uhI j? feT[Afe fJj jw/Pk ihtB ƒ fpjso r[Dt¤sk t¤b b? iKdh j?. Gkt/A fe fJj ;afjoh ftek; s/ T[¤u iBse yofunK dh th wµr eo/rk.

M[¤rh M"AgVhnK

fit/A fgSb/ Gkr ftu d¤f;nk frnk j?, g/Av{ b'e d'B'A o;wh ns/ r?o o;wh o[irko dh Gkb ftu Pfjoh y/soK ftu ub/ iKd/ jB. ra?o o;wh B"eoh d/ w"fenK ftu xo/b{ ;jkfJsk, fBowkD tkbh EK dk eµw nkfd Pkwb jB. goµs{ x¤N sBykj ns/ feckfJsh fojkfJPh ;j{bsK dh xkN tor/ ekoeK d/ ;[w/b ekoB, gqtk;h r?o o;wh p;shnK dk ;jkok b?Ad/ jB ns/ nD;[ykt/A ns/ ne;o gqd{;fas y/soK ftu ofjµd/ jB, fiE/ ghD tkbk ;kc gkDh ns/ ;?BhN/PB torhnK w[¤YbhnK ;j{bsK dh xkN j? fit/A fit/A j'o b'e T[ZE/ ofjD nkT[Ad/ jB, r?o o;wh t¤;D tkfbnK dk g{ok ;w[dkfJ T[Godk j?, fi; Bkb M[¤rhnK^M"AgVhnK dhnK p;shnK ftu tkXk j[µdk j?.

okPNoh ;fEsh dh soia s/, gµikp th rµdhnK p;shnK dh ;w¤f;nk dk ;kjwDk eo fojk j?. M[¤rhnK d/ fJbkfenK ftu ofjD tkb/ 1H4 fwbhnB b'eK d/ Bkb, M[¤rh M"AgVh tkfbnK dh gqshPssk gµikp dh e[b nkpkdh dk 5H3 gqshPs j?, i' fe e"wh g¤Xo *s/ 5H4 gqshPs d/ tX/o/ B/V/ j? (fu¤so 88) .

fu¤so 88 gzikp ns/ j'o okiK ns/ :{HNhia ftZu M[Zrh M"AgVhnK ftZu ofjD tkbh nkpkdh (e[Zb iB;zfynk dh gqsh;a;sk),2011

;afjoheoD dk ekoB BjhA j?.

r[odk;g[oeg{oEbk

ibzXo

j[f;nkog[on?; ph n?; Bro

cfsjrVQ ;kfjp

b[fXnkDk

w'rkfco'ig[ow[es;o

cohde'Npfmzvk

wkB;k

gfNnkbk

nfwqs;o

soBskoBo{gBro

n?; J/ n?; Bro

;zro{opoBkbk

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105

;afj

oheoD

(%

)

gqsh ftnesh nkwdB (jikoK o[gJ/ ftZu)

328


n?;HvhHihH ;µe/se 1H4H1L p[fBnkdh ;j{bsK tkb/ xoK ftu ofjD tkbh nkpkdh dk nB[gks

n?;HvhHihH ;µe/se 7H1H1L fpibh dh gj[µu tkbh nkpkdh dk nB[gks n?;HvhHih fJµvhe/No 1H4H1 ns/ 7H1H1 p[fBnkdh ;j{bsK tkb/ xoK ftu ofjD tkbh nkpkdh ns/ fpibh dh gj[zu tkbh nkpkdh d/ nB[gks ƒ do;kT[Adk j?. N/pb 34 gµikp ns/ s[bBkswe okiK d/ ;afjoh y/soK ft¤u w[YbhnK ;j{bsK tkb/ xoK d/ nµefVnK ƒ g/; eodk j?. fpibh tkb/ gfotkoK dh gqshPssk dk nµeVk th gqdkB ehsk frnk j?.

;koDh 34L xoK ƒ w[¤YbhnK ;j{bsK (gqshPs ftu)

oki

ghD tkb/ gkDh dh ;j{bs tkb/

xo (%)

fpibh dh ;j{bs tkb/ xo (%)

fpBK b?NohBK tkb/ xo (%)

2001 2011 2002 2008-

09 2012 2002

2008-

09 2012 2018

gzikp 98.9 98.9 98.0 99.3 99.7 11.6 5.0 6.2 0.2

eoBkNe 92.1 92.3 94.9 97.9 99.5 21.0 11.3 9.0 4.3

r[iaoks 95.4 97.0 95.9 99.0 98.9 6.8 7.3 6.2 3.6

jfonkDk 97.3 96.7 97.7 98.3 99.3 15.0 8.4 1.4 0.2

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

nKX

ok g

qd/;a

gZv{uo

hfd

Zbh

wjko

k;aNo

kuzv

hrVQ

skfw

bBkv

{wZX

gqd/;

aSZs

h;rVQ

fwI'o

wgZZS

wh p

zrkb

jfon

kDFk

eoBk

Nek

Izw{ n

s/ e;

awho

gzikp

f;ew

T[sok

yzvBk

rkb

?vfs

qg[ok

nzv/w

kB n

s/ fB

Ze'pk

oT[V

h;k

T[so

gqd/;a

oki;

EkB

r[io

ksw/x

kfbn

kr'n

kfp

jko

Mkoy

zvn

o[Bku

b g

qd/;a

fjwk

ub g

qd/;a

n;k

we/ob

k

gzikp ftZu M[Zrh M'gVhnK dh gqsh;assk ok;aNoh gZXo d/ pokpo j?

States & UTs India

329

nKXok gqd/;a 90.2 94.5 93.7 97.5 99.3 19.8 11.2 8.1 3.0

fit/A fe ;g¤PN j?, xoK ƒ w[¤YbhnK ;j{bsK gqdkB eoB bJh j"bh j"bh so¤eh ehsh rJh j?, Gkt/A j"bh j"bh. eoBkNe, r[ioks, jfonkDk ns/ nKXok gqd/P tor/ u'Dt/A okiK d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp B/ ;{ue *s/ s[bBkswe tXhnK gqdoPB ehsk j? .

;afjoh p/o'iarkoh fuZso 89 ftZu do;kJ/ nB[;ko ok;aNoh ;fEsh dh soi s/ gzikp ftZu ;afjoh p/o/iarkoh n"osK d/ p/o'iarko j'D eoe/ j?. ;afjoh p/o'iarkoh dh do gzikp ftZu 7H7# ojh i' ok;aNoh gZXo s/ 7H8# d/ pj[s eohp j?. fJj d/fynk ik ;edk j? fe ukj/ gzikp dh ;afjoh o'iarko dh do ok;aNoh gZXo d/ ;wkB j?,gozs{ gzikp ftZu n"osK dh p/o[iarkoh do ok;aNoh gZXo s/ 10H8# s'A ekch finkdk 13H5# j?. fJj fXnkB d/D :'r j? fe ;afjoh wodK dh p/o[iarkoh do ;ot Gkos Bkb'A gzikp ftZu xZN j?. ;kXBL ghohT[fve b/po c'o; ;ot/,2017^18

Pfjoh y/soK ft¤u ihtB dh r[Dt¤sk

;µy/g Mks

Pfjoh ihtB dh r[Dt¤ssk ;oeko d[nkok w[j¤Jhnk eotkJ/ iKd/ p[fBnkdh YKu/ ns/ ;/tktK d/ fwnkoK d[nkok gqGkfts j[µdh j?. Pfjoh p[fBnkdh YKu/ d/ d' gfjb{ jBL G"fse ns/ ;wkie. G"fse p[fBnkdh YKu/ d/ gqw[¤y fj¤;/ xoK dhnK ;fEshnK, ib ;gbkJh gqDkbh,;hto/i B?Ntoe, whj d/ gkDh dh fBek;h dk B?Ntoe, m'; e{Vk eoeN dh pjkbh ns/ T[guko, ;VeK ns/ ;NqhN bkJhNK ;kwb jB . ;wkfie p[fBnkdh YKu/ ftZu f;js ;µGkb, f;¤fynk, gkoe ns/ y[¤bh EKtK, iBse ;j{bsK, efwT{fBNh ;?ANo nkfd ;akwb jB .

;kXBL j?Av p[Ze cko nopB ;N?Nh;fNe; (;?A;ia ns/ n?BHn?;Hn?;HU d/ tZy tZy okT{Av), n?BHn?;Hn?;HU dk 76tK okT{Av.

6.5% 7.1%

13.5%

10.8%

7.7% 7.8%

gzikp Gkos

gzikp ftu ;afjoh p/o'irkoh n"osk d/ p/o'irko j'D eoe/ j?.

g[o;aa n"osk ;z:[es

fuZso 89 L gzikp ns/ Gkos ftu ;afjoh p/o[iarkoh do 2017^18

330

xoK dh ;fEsh

Pfjoh gµikp ftu seohpB 57 gqshPs xoK dh ;fEsh *uµrh* ;fEsh ftu j?, idfe ;ot Gkosh g¤Xo *s/ fJj 68 gqshPs j?. Gkos dh wodwP[wkoh xoK ƒ T[BQK dhnK ;fEshnK d/ nXko s/ fsµB Pq/DhnK ft¤u tµvdh j?L tXhnk, ofjD :'r ns/ y;sk. fu¤so 90 do;kT[Adk j? fe nZX/ s'A t¤X ;afjoh xo tXhnk jkbs dh ;q/Dh ftZu jB ns/ j'o 37 gqshPs ofjD :'r xoK dh ;aq/Dh ftZu jB. fJ; s'A fJbktk, Pfjoh xoK d/ 5 gqshPs gfotko T[fus p[fBnkdh ;j{bsk s'A pr?o *y;sk* ;fEsh ftu jB ns/ fJ; bJh fJBQK s/ s[oµs fXnkB d/D dh Io{os j?.

wodwP[wkoh 2011 d/ nB[;ko gµikp d/ ;ko/ 20 fIfbQnK, soBskoB ƒ S¤v e/, n¤X/ s'A t¤X Pfjoh xoK dh ;fEsh *uµrh* j? . 2011 dh wodwP[wkoh ft¤u gµikp d/ Pfjoh y/soK ft¤u fojkfJPh jkbsK d/ wkwb/ ft¤u fIbQk g¤Xo ’s/ j'J/ pdbkn ƒ T[ikro ehsk frnk j?. tXhnk ;fEsh tkb/ xoK dh gqsh;assk soBskoB ftu 49 gqsh;as s'A 72 gqsh;as n?;HJ/Hn?;HBro ftueko j?.d{i/ gk;/ w[es;o ns/ cohde'N fij/ fIbQ/ jB fiE/ Pfjoh xoK dh ;G s'A t¤X gqshPs *y;sk jkbsK nXhB j?.

gzikp d/ ;ko/ ;afjoh p/xo/, ;afjoh rohpK ns/ M[Zrh M"AgVh tkfbnK B{z w[cs ns/ fonkfJsh xo wj[ZJhnk eotkT[D d/ :sB ti'A gzikp ;oeko B/ nr;s 2017 ftZu gzikp ;afjoh nktk; :'iBk (ghHn?;HJ/HtkJh) dh ;a[o{nks ehsh.fJ; :'iBk d/ skbw/b ns/ fBrokBh bJh jkT{f;zr ns/ nopB fvt?bgw?AN ftGkr B'vb ftGkr j? ns/ fpB? gZsoK dk ;zukbB eoB bJh, ;ot/yD eoB bJh ,:'r bkGgksohnK dh s;dhe eoB bJh, Gkos ;oeko s'A e/Adoh ;jkfJsk nXhB czvK dh tzv eoB bJh ;EkBe ;oeko ftGkr w[Zy ;fj:'rh j?.wkou 2018 ftZu ;wki d/ fBub/ ns/ ftub/ nkwdB tor B{z ;;s/ xo wj[ZJhnk eotkT[D bJh feckfJsh eb'Bh gkfb;h B'NhckJh ehsh rJh. fJ; gkfb;h dk T[d/;a S'N/ nkeko d/ gbkN ns/ cb?NK dh :'iBkpzdh ns/ ftek; B{z T[s;akfjs eoBk j?,fi; Bkb S'N/ nkeko d/ gbkNK ns/ ;;s/ xoK dh ;gbkJh tZX ;e/.fJj gkfb;h ;ko/ gzikp ftZu BrofBrwK dh jZd s'A pkjo bkr{ j?, jkbKfe gzikp ;afjoh ftek; nEkoNh iK j'o fe;/ th ftek; nEkoNh d[nkok fB:zsqfos y/soK B{z{a fJ; gkb;h nXhB ;akwb ehsk frnk j?. i[bkJh 2019 sZe ibzXo ns/ b[fXnkDk ftZu nfijhnK ekb"BhnK ;Ekfgs eoB bJh 11 bkfJ;?A; fdZs/ rJ/ jB.

68%

29%

3%

57%

37%

5%

gzikp d/ ;afjoh y/so ftZu nZX/ s' finkdk xo tXhnk jkbs ftZu jB.

tXhnk ofjD:'r y;sk

fuZso 90L gzikp ns/ Gkos ftu ;afjoh xoK dh ;fEsh


331

;afjoh y/so ftZu ;kfonK bJh fojkfJ;a B{z :ehBh pDkT[D d/ T[d/;a Bkb,gzikp ;oeko B/ gqXkB wzsoh nktk; :'iBk^;afjoh (PMAY-U) bJh ;wM"s/ s/ d;sys ehs/ jB.42 iBtoh,2020 sZe gqXkB wzsoh nktk; :'iBk ;afjoh nXhB 90,631 xoK B{z wBi{oh fdZsh rJh j?, fiBQK ftZu 22,604 w[ezwb j' u[Ze/ jB, id fe j'o 25,120 ftZu gfjbK jh ;afjohnK d/ epia/ j/m jB.fJ; s'A fJbktk gzikp ftZu PMAY-U sfjs 4064H75 eo'V o[gJ/ dk fBt/;a j' u[Zek j?. pke; 16L gzikp ftu wekB T[;koh ;?eNo, fJ¤e nt;o

ib ;gbkJh ns/ ;hto/i

oki d/ Pfjoh xoK ƒ ib ;gbkJh ns/ ;hto/i dhnK ;j{bsK gqdkB eoB bJh gzikp ;oeko nN¤b j?. cotoh 2018 s¤e, nNb fwPB cako foiot/;aB n?Av nopB NoK;cow/;aB (AMRUT) sfjs oki ft¤u 1H45 b¤y N{Nh e[B?ePB ;Ekgs ehs/ rJ/ jB. gµikp ib ;gbkJh ns/ ;hto/i p'ov Pfjoh ib ;gbkJh gqDkbh, ;hto/i ;ehwK ns/ ;hto/i NohNw?AN :'iBktK (n?;HNhHghHn?;H) bJh fIµw/tko ekƒBh ;µ;Ek j?.fJ; ;w/A, p'ov Pfjoh y/soK ftZu ib ;gbkJh ns/ ;hto/I ;/tktK d/ eJh gqki?eN ubk fojk j? fit/A i/n?¤BHn?BH:{HnkoHn?¤wH, S'N/ ns/ dofwnkB/ PfjoK bJh ;afjoh p[fBnkdh YKuk ftek; ;ehw, gµikp p[fBnkdh YKuk ftek; p'ov (PIDB) s'A ;jkfJsk gqkgs ib ;gbkJh ns/ ;hto/i ;ehwK, foto n?ePB gbkB d/ sfjs n?;HNhHghHn?; ;Ekgs eoB bJh, i/HnkJhH;hHJ/ dh ;jkfJsk gqkgs nzfwqs;o d/ ;hto/ia gq'i?eN ns/ AMRUT. wkou 2015 s¤e, 81 gqshPs Pfjoh xoK ft¤u gkDh dh ;gbkJh gqkgs j'Jh idfe 74 gqshPs ƒ ;hto/i ;j{bs gj[ µuh j? 43.

42 Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban) - Housing for All (HFA) State wise

Progress) 43 Punjab Water Supply and Sewerage Board, (https://pwssb.punjab.gov.in/achievements/) assessed as on 10th February

2020)

Pfjoh jkT{f;µr dh ewh tkb/ N?eBheb ;w{j (2012^17) d/ nB[;ko, gµikp ftu brGr 3,90,000 wekB pDkT[D dh Io{os j? . i' Gkos ftu e[¤b fojkfJPh Io{osK dk brGr 2H08 gqshPs pDdk j?. fJj gqshPs gµikp d/ rohph o/yk s'A j/mK tkb/ gfotkoK ns/ e¤u/ wekBK tkb/ gfotkoK ƒ okPNoh g¤Xo *s/ ftuko e/ ehsh rJh j? . jfonkDk, r[ioks, eoBkNe ns/ nKXok gqd/P tor/ okiK B{z eqwtko 2H23 gqshPs, 5H26 gqshPs, 5H43 gqshPs ns/ 6H78 gqshPs fojkfJPh wekBK dh Io{os j?, e"wh gZXo s/ fojkfJ;ah wekBK ftZu o[iarko d/ w"e/ j'D ekoB gzikp dh nkofEesk B{z pj[r[Dk tkXk fwb/rk. Bk e/tb B"eohnK g?dk eo/rk, pbfe fJj fBih nkwdB ns/ ygs ftu tkXk eo/rk i' fe oki d/ ftek; bJh Io{oh j?.

;kXBL N?eBheb ro[Zg nkB nopB jkT{f;zr ;a'oN/iaa,wekB T[;koh ns/ ;afjoh rohph jNkU wzsokb/ dh fog'oN.

gµikp B/ rzd/ gkDh B{z NohN eoB T[gozs f;zukJh bJh :'r tos'A eoe/ B?;aBb tkNo fw;aB ntkov fifsnk.

332

fizdrh ftZu ;"y dk fJzv?e;

;p{s nXkfos :'iBkpµdh pko/ ns/ fNekT{ PfjoheoB ƒ T[sPkjs eoB bJh nktk; ns/ Pfjoh wkwfbnK d/ wµsokb/ (n?wHUHn?uH:{HJ/H) B/ ‘JhI nkca fbftµr fJµv?e;’ dh P[o {nks ;kb 2018 ft¤u ehsh . i' fe ;z;Ekrs ,;wkfie ,nkofEe ns/ ;ohfoe uko EzwQK d/ fw;aoD Bkb pDdk j?.

;z;Ekrs EzwQ ftZu p/jso ;/tktK d/D ns/ ;afjoh p[fBnkdh YKu/ B{z ;zGkbD ftZu ;jkfJsk eoB tkbhnK gqGkt;akbh ns/ e[;ab ;z;EktK dh doikpzdh ;akfwb j?.;wkfie EµwQ f;¤fynk ns/ f;js ;/tktK dh T[gbpXsk ns/ gj[µu dh fBrokBh eodk j? . nkofEe EµwQ ;ko/ eko'pkoK dh nkofEe gqfefonktK ƒ tXkT[D ns/ Pfjoh ;EkBe ;µ;EktK d/ wkbhnk y[Pjkbh ƒ fpjso pDkT[D *s/ e/Adqs eodk j?.;ohoe Ezw dk fe;/ ;afjo d/ Jhia nkc fbftzr fJzv?e; s/ ;G s'A tZX n;o g?Adk j?.fJ; Ezw ftu fojkfJ;aK,y[bhnK EktK sZe gj[zu ns/ fpibh ns/ gkDh dh ;gbkJh torhnK ;aq/DhnK ;akwb jB.

e[¤b 111 PfjoK ƒ o?Afeµr gqdkB ehsh rJh ;h.o?Afeµr ft¤u gµikp d/ fsµB PfjoK (ibµXo, b[fXnkDk ns/ nµfwqs;o) ƒ Pkwb ehsk frnk ;h. 111 PfjoK ftu'A, b[fXnkDk B/ 35thA o?fezr gqkgs ehsh j?, id'Afe nµfwqs;o ns/ ibµXo B/ eqwtko 76 ns/ 77 dh o?Afeµr gqkgs ehsh. ft;Ekotko o?fezr ;koDh 35 ft¤u fd¤sh rJh j?.

;koDh 35L fizdrh ftZu ;"y d/ fJzv?e; nB[;ko doikpzdh ,2018

EzwQ ;q/Dh b[fXnkDk nzfwqs;o ibzXo

;w[Zuk 35 76 77

;z;Ekrs ;k;aB 68 78 98

;wkfie

gfjukD ns/ ;z;feqsh 46 64 76

f;Zfynk 26 80 33

f;js 77 34 31

;[oZfynk 34 54 48

nkofEe noE ftt;Ek ns/ o'iarko 8 46 24

;ohoe

xoK dh T[;koh 40 90 74

iBse y[bQhnK EktK 9 8 10

fw;afos iawhBh tos'A ns/ ;xBsk 44 63 100

333

fpibh dh ;gbkJh 50 41 99

nktkikJh ns/ rsh;ahbsk 54 104 63

:ehBh gkDh dh ;gbkJh 59 43 75

rµd/ gkDh dk gqpzXB 42 84 79

m'; e[Vk eoeN gqpzXB 53 77 79

gqd[;aD xNkT[Dk 1 46 14

;kXBL fizdrh ftZu ;"y dk fJzv?e;,2018 wekB T[;koh ns/ Pfjoh wkwb/ wµsokbk

;t¤Ssk

gµikp d/ b'eK dh ;ohoe ns/ wkBf;e f;js ƒ ;[XkoB bJh ghD tkb/ ;kca gkDh ns/ wB[¤yh wbfBek;h ns/ ;hto/i dk ;jh fBgNkok eoB d/ T[d/P Bkb oki ;oeko B/ fJ¤e fwPB^sµdo[;s gµikp 2018 ft¤u B'NhckJh ehsk. fJ; fw;B sfjs ;EkBe ;oekoK ftGkr dhnK j/m fbyhnK G{fwektK ns/ fIµw/tkohnK jBL

• ;afjoh y/soK ftZu ghD tkb/ ;kc gkDh dh T[gbZpXsk B{z :ehBh pBkT[Dk. • xoK ftZu phwkohnK xNkT[D bJh y[bQ/ ftZu ;'u w[es ;afjoK$e;p/ :ehBh pBkT[Dk. • fwT{A;gb m'; e{Vk eoeN gqzpXB fi; ftZu ftfrnkBe bhjK s/ e{Vk eoeN tZyokgD,Y'nk Y'nkJh ns/ fBgNkok eoBk. • ;hto/i NohNw?NL g?dk ehs/ ik oj/ e[b rµd/ gkDh d/ gqpµXB bJh n?;HNhHghI ;Ekfgs eoBk, fB:ws s"o*s/ T[BQK d/ ;µukbB ns/ o¤y^oykn ƒ :ehBh pDkT[Dk ns/ rzd/ gkDh dh g?dktko xNkT[D bJh edw u[ZeD/ . ;tZS Gkos fw;aB Bkb xo/b{ gykfBnK dh frDsh ftZu s/iah Bkb tkXk j'fJnk j?. gµikp ft¤u, d;zpo, 2019 s¤e, 1,03,015 nkJhHn?uHn?bHn?bH 11,009 efwT[fBNh ns/ iBse gykB/ pDkJ/ rJ/ jB. seohpB 98 gqshPs tkovK ft¤u 100 gqshPs v'o N{ v'o t/;N eb?ePB j?, id'A fe 85 tkovK ftZu 100 gqshPs e{Vk eoeN ƒ t¤y eoB dk ekoi ehsk ik fojk j?. 61# e{V/ dk gzikp ftZu fBgNkok eo fbnk iKdk j? i' ok;aNoh n";s 60# d/ pokpo j?.44

fpibh

fpibh fe;/ oki dh ;w[¤uh nkofEesk d/ ftek; ftu wj¤stg{oD G{fwek ndk eodh j?. fBoftxB ns/ Go';/wµd fpibh T[gbpXsk, nkofEesk d/ fNekT{ ftek; bJh bkIwh j? feT[Afe fJj T[sgkdB d/ fJe ekoe d/ s"o s/ wj¤stg{oD G{fwek ndk eodh j?. ygsekoK dh ;µs[PNh ƒ tXkT[D ns/ T[Bk dk ihtB g¤Xo ;[XkoB bJh T[BK Bz{ feckfJsh ehws *s/ fBoftxB fpibh ;gbkJh w[jJhnk eotkT[D bJh gµikp ;oeko B/ ;kfonK d/ bJh 24*7 fpibh dh ;gbkJh eoB bJh e/Ado ;oeko Bkb fJe ;wM'sk ehsk j? . Gkos ;oeko B/ okiK d/ Pfjoh y/soK ft¤u

44 Swachh Bharat Mission Urban, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs

334

fpibh dk ;µuko ns/ tµv ƒ wIp{s eoB bJh 2014 ft¤u J/ehfeqs fpibh ftek; :'iBk (nkJhHghHvhHn?;H) ƒ th B'NhckJh ehsk ;h. gzikp d/;a d/ gqsh ftnesh fpibh dh finkdk ygs tkb/ okiK ftZu'A fJZe j?. gzikp T[BQK okiK ftZu ;akwb j? fizBk B/ pj[s ;wK gfjbK 100# fpibheoD eo fbnk ;h. gzikp d/ ;afjoh e/AdoK ftZu fpibh dh ;a/q/Dhtko ygs dh ;fEsh B{z fuso 91 ftZu do;kfJnk frnk j?. nzeV/ dZ;d/ jB fe ;afjoh e/AdoK ftZu fpibh dh ygs w[Zy s"o s/ T[d:'fre ns/ xo/b{ tos'A bJh ehsh iKdh j?.

;o'sLgzikp ;N/N gkto ekog'o/;aB fbwfNv

Pfjoh nktkikJh

fJ¤e tXhnK ns/ feckfJsh nktkikJh B?Ntoe Pfjoh e/AdoK d/ tZXD bJh ;G s'A Io{oh nµr j? feT[Afe T[d:'r ns/ ;/tktK d/ y/so w[¤y s"o s/ fJjBK fJbkfenK ft¤u ns/ fJ; d/ nk;gk; fte;s j[µd/ jB. b'eK dhnK rshPhbsk dhnK Io{osK ƒ g{ok eoB bJh fJ¤e wIp{s Pfjoh rshPhb gqDkbh dh b'V j? ns/ ihtB dh fpjso r[Dt¤sk bJh PfjoK ftu eko'pko dh b'V j?.

;Veh nktkikJh gµikp ft¤u nktkikJh d/ y/so ft¤u jkth j?. o/bt/ ;Veh nktkikJh s'A E'VQk fgZS/ j?.gzikp ftZu ;afjoh ;VeK dk ikb 2008 ftZu 8085 feb'whNo s'A tZX e/ wkou,2015 ftZu 15,645 feb'whNo j' frnk j?.fJj toBD:'r j? fe gzikp dhnK ;afjoh ;VeK dk 82# ;oc/;v j?, id'A fe ok;aNoh gZXo s/ fJj 74# j?.

5H 2 Pfjoh p[fBnkdh YKuk ns/ fJ; dk ft¤sh gqpµX

Pfjoh ftek; s/ you ftub/ o[MkB

s/Ih Bkb t¤X ojh Pfjoh npkdh bJh ;fjoh p[fBnkdh YKu/ dh T[;koh ns/ tZy tZy fwT{A;gb ;/tktK d/D ftZu ;oekoh you fJZe wj¤stg{oB o'b ndk eodk j?.ftPb/PD ftu fJj ;kjwD/ nkfJnk j? fe gµikp bJh Pfjoh ftek; *s/ e[¤b you/,45 ;kb 2015^16 ftu 248H2 eo'V o[gJ/ s'A t¤X e/ 2019^20 (phHJhH) ftu fJj 1,233H1 eo'V o[gJ/ j' rJ/ jB.jkbKfe ;kb 2015^16 ns/ 2019^20 (phHJhH) d/ ftueko ;fjoh ftek; *s/ g{µih you ftu tkXk j'fJnk j?, d{i/ okiK d/ o[MkB d/ T[bN, wkbhJ/ d/ you/ ftu froktN nkJh j?.fJ; soQK Pfjoh y/soK bJh ftek; ;µpµXh castk fd¤s/ ikD *s/ oki Pfjoh ftek;* s/ you/ B{z tXk ;edk j?. p[fBnkdh YKu/ bJh g{µih i[NkT[D d/ j'o sohfenK ftu fwT{A;gb pKvK, g{b ft¤s, j' ;ed/ jB Pfjoh ;EkBe ;µ;EktK d/ ;fj:'r Bkb gpfbe gqkJht/N GkJhtkbh tor/ gqki?eNK dh th T[¤dw ehsh ik ;edh j?. ;wkoN ;afjo

45 It should be noted that it does not include grants or loan given to local government for urban development purpose

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

T'd:'fre xo/b{ tgkoe j'ofw

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;afjoh y/so ftZu fpibh dh ygs (KWH+KVAH) ftZu

fuZso 91L ;afjoh gzikp ftu fpibh dh ;aq/Dh tko tos'A, 2018^19

335

;wkoN f;Nh fwPB (n?;H;hHn?wH) dh P[o{nks Gkos ;oeko B/ ;kb 2015 ft¤u PfjoK d/ fNekT{ ns/ ;µwfbs ftek; ƒ T[sPkjs eoB bJh ehsh ;h i' fJ;d/ Pfjoh b'eK ƒ p[fBnkdh YKu/ ns/ ihtB dh uzrh r[DtZsk gqdkB eo ;e/ .fJ; fw;aB dk T[d/;a 100 ;afjoK B{z State of the art

Model d/ o{g ftZu fte;s eoBk j?,fi; B{z d/;a d/ tZy tZy d{i/ ;afjoK tZb'A ngDk e/ T[;/ soQK d/ ;wkoN ;afjo ftef;s ehs/ ik ;ed/ jB.

;wkoN f;Nh fw;aB sfjs gzikp oki s'A fszB ;afjoK b[fXnkDk, nzfwqs;o ns/ ibzXo B{z ;wkoN ;afjo dk doik fdZsk frnk j?. b[fXnkDk ƒ gfjb/ r/V ftu jh fJj doik fd¤sk frnk ;h, id'A fe nµfwqs;o ns/ ibµXo B{z d{i/ d"o dh ;{uh ftu ;kwb ehsk frnk, fiE/ nfwqs;o 27 ;wkoN PfjoK dh ;{uh ftu f;ybo/ ;EkB s/ j?.;wkoN f;Nh fw;aB sfjs ;afjo dk ;[Xko,;afjo dk BthBheoD ns/ ;afjo dk ft;Eko eoB tkb/ gq'i?eN ;akwb jB. ;wkoN f;Nh fw;aB sfjs fJzBk ;afjoK ftZu ubkJ/ ik oj/ gq'i?eNK dh gqrsh dk t/otk ;koDh 36 ftZu g/;a ehsk frnk j?.

;koDh 36L gzikp ftZu ;wkoN ;afjoK dh gqrsh dk t/otk (eo'VK o[LftZu)

fsµB'A PfjoK ^ b[fXnkDk, nµfwqs;o ns/ ibµXo ftu ftb¤yD ftekT{ gq;skt jB i' T[BQK ƒ oki d/ w[Zy Pfjoh e/Ado pDkT[d/ jB. T[j buehb/ p[fBnkdh YKu/ Bkb b?; jB i' ihtB d/ fwnko ƒ tXkT[Ad/ jB. nµfwqs;o f;¤y fJfsjk; d/ n;EkB e/Ado ti'A eµw eodk j? i' Xkofwe ;?o^;gkN/ d/ Bkb^Bkb nwho ;fGnkukoe ftok;s Bkb Gog{o j? . id'A fe ibµXo y/vK ns/ ;oiheb r[¤vi T[d:'rK bJh ikfDnk iKdk j?, b[fXnkDk ;kJheb T[d:'r dk ;G s'A t¤vk fBowksk j? ns/ fJ; dk T[d/; fJ; d/ fBowkD d/ ftek; do ƒ fNekT{ oy¤Dk j?.fJBQK ;afjoK tZb'A g/;a ehs/ ;wkoN f;Nh gq;skt d/ e[M fjZf;nK dh Mbe j/mK ;µy/g ft¤u fd¤sh rJh j?.

;afjo okT[Av

N?Avo fdZs/ rJ/ ub oj/$w[ezwb j'J/

gqki?eNK dh frDsh

ehws gqki?eNK dh

frDsh ehws

b[fXnkDk 1 14 609.57 9 418.93

nzfwqs;o 2 9 383.15 3 101.33

ibzXo 2 7 269.82 3 98.41

;kXBL j?Av p[Ze cko nopB ;N?Nh;fNe;

b[fXnkDk B/ s/iah Bkb fviahNb ndkfJrhnK tZb tZXD tkb/ ;wkoN ;afjo dk fJBkw (2018) fiZfsnk.

• ;kJheb fBowkD e/Ado ti'A nkgDh g{oh ;wZoEk dk nfj;k;.

• ;kJheb ns/ Jh^foe;ak tor/ f;jswzd ftebg tXk e/ BkrfoeK dh f;js ftZu tkXk eoBk.

• iBse ;[oZfynk B{z :ehBh pDkT[Dk ns/ Jh^rtoB?A; B{z ;wZoE pBkT[Dk.

1 2 3

336

5H3 ;afjoh ;EkBe ;oeko ;afjoh ftZs Pfjoh y/soK d/ :'iBkp¤X ftek; ns/ Pfjoh nkpkdh s¤e iBse ;/tktK gj[µukT[D bJh Pfjoh ;EkBe ;µ;EktK (:{ n?b phia) dk rmB ehsk frnk j?. PfjoheoB ns/ fJ; dk ftek; ns/ T[E'A d/ ihtB dh r[Dt¤sk, ;EkBe ;oekoK dh ft¤sh ;fEsh *s/ fBoGo eodh j? . d;µpo 2017 s¤e gzikp ftZu 167 :{Hn?¤bHphH jB fiBQK ftZu 10 fwT[A;gb ekog'o/PBK, 101 fwT[A;gb e"A;bK ns/

b[fXnkDk

nfwqs;o

ibzXo

337

56 Bro gµukfJsK ;akwb jB. i' gµikp fwT[A;gb J/eN, 1911 ns/ gµikp fwT[A;gb ekog'o/PB n?eN, 1976 d/ nXhB jB . ;koDh 37 do;kT[Adk j? fe ;afjoh ;EkBe ;z;EktK dh nkwdB dk w[Zy ;o's ngDk wkbhnk (N?e; ns/ r?o N?e; wkbhnk) j?. nkwdB d/ j'o ;o'sK ftZu oki ;oeko s'A gqkgs ;KM/ N?e; ns/ oki ns/ e/Ado ;oeko dhnK tZy tZy :'iBktK sfjs rqKN ;akwb j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk e/Adoh ftZs efw;aB dhnK f;cko;K nB[;ko Gkos ;oeko s'A gqkgs j'o rqkNK th ;akwb jB. ;afjoh ;EkBe ;z;EktK dk e[Zb wkbhnk 2011^12 ftZu 2377 eo'V o[gJ/ s'A tZX e/ 2016^17 ftZu 3119 eo'V o[gJ/ j' frnk j?. nrb/ ft;ab/;aD s'A gsk uZbdk j? fe ;afjoh ;EkBe ;z;EktK dh e[Zb nkwdB ftZu N?e; wkbhJ/ dk gqsh;as fjZ;k ;kb 2011^12 ftZu 58# s'A tZX 2016^17 ftZu 68H8# j' frnk j? ns/ r?o^N?e; wkbhnk 2011^12 ftZu 16H8# s'A xZN e/ 2016^17 d"okB 14H5# j' frnk j?. ;akoDh 37L ;afjoh ;EkBe ;z;EktK d/ e[ZM wkbhJ/ d/ w[Zy fjZ;/ (eo'VK ftu)

t/otk 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

e[Zb nkgDk wkbhnk (A)

2,022 2,042 2,679 2,457 2,493 2,742

fi; ftZu'A,N?e; wkbhnk (A)

1,378 1,528 1,742 1,822 1,910 2,145

fi; ftZu'A r?o N?e; wkbhnk

400 378 611 517 457 451

e[Zb rqKN (B) 355 264 230 352 426 377

e[Zb wkbhnk (A+B) 2,377 2,306 2,909 2,809 2,919 3,119

N?e; wkbhnk$e[b wkbhnk

58.0% 66.3% 59.9% 64.9% 65.4% 68.8%

r?o N?e; wkbhnk$e[Zb wkbhnk

16.8% 16.4% 21.0% 18.4% 15.7% 14.5%

pke; 17L ;EkBe ;oekoK d/ ftZs B{z tXkT[D dh r[ikfJz;

;kXBL ftZs ftGkr,gzikp.

338

fit/A fe gfjbK d¤f;nk frnk j?, Gkos d/ okiK ft¤u PfjoheoB dh do ns/ gqsh ftnesh nkwdBh ftueko wiap{s ;µpµX j?. jkbKfe e'Jh ekoD ;Ekgs BjhA j'fJnk j?, go nkT[D tkb/ ;kbK ft¤u gµikphnK dh gqsh ftnesh nkwdB ft¤u tkXk j'D Bkb PfjoheoB tX/rk. fJ;dk noE j? Pfjoh ;EkBe ;µ;EktK s'A w[¤YbhnK ;/tktK dh wµr tX/rh. ;ko/ Gkos ftu, fJj uµrh soQK ikfDnk iKdk j? fe Pfjoh ;EkBe ;µ;EktK ƒ 74thA ;'X nXhB fBoXkos ekoiK ƒ g{ok eoB bJh ekcah cµfvµr ;jkfJsk dh Io{os j?. gµikp ftu ;EkBe ;µ;EktK d/ ft¤s dk w[bKeD eoB bJh fJe T[¤u g¤Xoh ftPb/PD ehsk frnk j?. nkpkdh d/ fj;kp Bkb u'Nh dhnK fsµB Bro fBrwK (fi; bJh nµeV/ T[gbpX jB), Gkt nµfwqs;o, ibµXo, gfNnkbk ƒ ftukfonk frnk j?.

fJj d¤;d/ j'J/ fe gqkgoNh N?e; ;EkBe ;oekoK d/ g¤Xo *s/ ;G s'A t¤vk ewkJh dk ;o's j?, gqsh ftnesh d/ nXko s/ t;{b ehs/ iKd/ gqkgoNh N?e; dk nkebB ehsk frnk j?. fJj t/fynk ik ;edk j? fe gµikp dhnK fJBQK fsµB fwT{A;gb ekog'o/PBK ftu gqsh ftnesh ikfJdkd N?e; dh t;{bh ftZu tkX/ dh r[µikfJP j?.

:{Hn?bHph Bkw nzfwqs;o ibµXo gfNnkbk u/BJh e'fJµpN{o w[µpJh

gqsh ftnesh 139 201 202 1407 1419 4473 ikfJdkd N?e; (o[gJ/ ft¤u) .

B'NL v/Nk 2017^18 n;b ft¤u bJh do;kfJnk frnk j? gfNnkb/ ƒ S¤v e/ fi; ƒ 2014^15 (n;b) ƒ do;kfJnk frnk j?.

;kXBL:{Hn?bHph d/ piN $ nkJh Jh ;N/Nw?AN;

pke; 18L :{Hn?bHphI bJh pkjoh nkwdBh d/ t;hb/

339

fit/A gfjbK d¤f;nk frnk j?,;EkBe ;oekok dh ftsh ;fEsh nkofEe ftek; dk X[ok j?. Gkos ftu fwT{;gb wkbhnK gqDkbh ftu gqkgoNh N?e; dk dpdpk j? fi; ftZu N?e; doK xZN jB ns/ t;{bh ftXh n;µrfms j?. fJj ne;o xkN/ tkb/ piN dk ekoB pDdk j?, fJ¤E'A s¤e fe T[jBK d/ ;µukbB you/ ƒ cµv eoB bJh th e/Ado s/ oki d/ czvK s/ fBoGo ofjDk g?Adk j?.

Bshi/ ti'A, :{n?bphia dk nkgD/ gq;k;aeh y/so d/ g{zih fBowkD ftZu xZN' xZN :'rdkB j? ns/ pj[s/ ftek; ekoiK B{z oki ns/ e/Ado ;oeko d/ czvK d[nkok ;zukfbs ehsk iKdk j?. id'A fe xo/b{ wkbhnk i[NkT[D d/ ;µGt ;kXBK dk g¤e/ s"o s/ gsk brkfJnk ikDk ukjhdk j?, T[Xko okjhA cµv fJe¤mk eoB d/ pkjoh ;o'sK ƒ th t/fynk ikDk ukjhdk j?.

e/Ado ;oeko oki ;oeko

;afjoh ;EkBe ;z;EktK dh ftsh fBoGosk e/Ado ;oeko dhnK ;ehwk oki ;oeko dhnK ;ehwK oki ftZs efw;aB

;afjoh ;EkBe ;z;EktK

nfij/ ;o'sK ftu'A fJe fwT{A;gb pKv j?. fwT{A;gb pKv oKjh Pfjoh y/so dh ft¤sh Io{os ƒ g{ok eoB ft¤u t¤vh ;µGktBk j?, jkbKfe fJj pj[s fInkdk tos'A ft¤u BjhA nkfJnk j?. AMRUT ;[XkoK nXhB :{Hn?bHphia dh eq?fvN o/fNµr ns/ fwT{A;gb pkvK dh cb'fNzr B{z ;akwb ehsk frnk j?. g{µih pkIkoK ns/ ft¤sh ;µ;EktK s'A T[Xko b?D bJh eq?fvN o/fNµr fJ¤e g{ot Io{oh ;aos j?. fJBt?;Nw?AN ro/v eq?fvN o/fNµr (nkJhHihH;hHnko) tkbk :{Hn?bHph fwT{A;gb pKvK ƒ ikoh eo ;edk j?. i{B 2019 sZe 163 :{Hn?bHphI e'b phHphHph^ ns/ fJ; s'A T[¤go nkJhHihH;hHnkoH ;h fi; ftZu 36 :{ n?b ph J/^ iK fJ; s'A t¤X rq/v tkbhnK jB. fJj toDB:'r j? fe b[fXnkDk ƒ phHphHphO dh eq?fvN o/fNµr fwbh j?.2018^19 d/ d"okB, n¤m :{n?bphn?; B/ pKv ikoh ehs/ ns/ T[BQK ƒ wekB T[;koh ns/ Pfjoh wkwfbnK d/ wµsokb/ d[nkok 181H3 eo'V o[gJ/ dk gq'sPkjB fdsk frnk.

pKv wkoehN jkbKfe, pj[s fB:fws j? ns/ :{Hn?¤bHphIH ;gbkJh ;pzXh o[ektNK dk ;kjwDk eod/ jB i' T[BQK ƒ pKv ikoh eoB s'A o'edhnK jB. fJ; soQK :{ n?b phia bJh fJj Io{oh j? fe Pfjoh ftek; bJh cµv fJe¤mk eoB bJh fJBQK o[ektNK ƒ d{o ehsk ikt/.

340

5H4 Pfjoh ;[Xko

Pfjoh ftek; ns/ s/iah Bkb PfjoheoB tZb tZX oj/ PfjoK ft¤u ihtB dh r[Dt¤sk ft¤u ;[Xko eoB bJh :{Hn?bHphI X[ok jB. oki ftu Pfjoh oki gqpµX d/ tkX/ bJh, oki ftu Pjhoh BthBheoB d/ t¤y^t¤y ;[Xko ;a[o{ ehs/ rJ/ jBL

• gµikp Pfjoh tksktoD ;[Xko gq'rokw (:{HJhHnkJhHghH) ^fJj oki d/ ;ko/ 167 :{Hn?bHphIH d/ tksktoD dh r[Dt¤sk ftu ;[Xko ns/ ftek; bJh fJe S¤soh gq'rokw j?. fJ; gq'rokw d/ sfjs, :{Hn?bHphI ƒ eµw eoB bJh ;jkfJsk gqdkB ehsh ikJ/rh fi; ft¤u ;VeK, BkbhnK, ;NohN bkJhNK dh d/yGkb,e[V/ dk fBgNkok ns/ gkoeK dh T[;koh ns/ o¤y oykt Pkwb j?. • n"osk ƒ T[go u[¤eD d/ J/iµv/ ƒ fXnkB ftu o¤yfdnK ;fjoh ;EkBe ;µ;EktK (f;Xh u'D okjhA) ftu 50# okytkeoB n"osK bJh ehsk frnk j? . • oki Go ft¤u tgkoe ns/ fojkfJPh fJwkosK bJh fpbfvµr :'iBktK dh nkBbkJhB wBI{oh dh ;j{bs P[o{ ehsh rJh j? gµikp d/ ;ko/ :{Hn?bHphIH ftu :'iBktK ;w/s d;skt/I iwQK eokT[D, ch; dk G[rskB ns/ fpbfvµr gb?B dh wzBi{oh ;a[o{ s'A nzs sZe dh gqfeqnk B{z ;t?ukfbs ehsk frnk j? . fJj gqDkbh gkodoPsk B{z :ehBh pDk e/ ;/tktK wBI{oh bJh ;w/A ft¤u ewh ns/ dcsoK ftu r/fVnK ƒ xNkTA[dh j?. • ckJho ;/tktK d/ 34 dcasoK ƒ fB:ws eoB bJh n¤r p[MkT[ ;/tktK dk fJe vkfJo?eN'o/N ;Ekgs ehsk frnk j?, i' fe oki Go ftu 10 fwT{A;gb ekog'o/PB e;fpnK ns/ 155 j'o Pfjoh ;EkBe ;µ;EktK ftu gfjbK s'A ;Ekgs j?.

• fbwfNv N?e; p/; ns/ y[Pjkb

;o'sK dh nDj'Ad.

• gqi?eNK dh :'iBk pDkT[D ns/

fJ; ƒ bkr{ eoB d/ Bkb Bkb

ft¤s gqpµX eoB dh ;hfws

gqpµXeh ;wo¤Ek.

• fwT{A;gb nekT{AfNµr d/ g[okD/

nfGnk; ns/ ;hws nµefVnK

dh T[gbpXsk.

dccscds

cdsc

• fJBt?;Nw?AN rq/v o/fNµr (phphph^ iK

fJ; s'A T[¤go) xZN' xZN fJZe J/iz;h

s'A

• fgSb/ 365 fdBK ftu e'Jh fvckbN

BjhA ns/ x¤N' x¤N fsµB ft¤sh

;kbK bJh tkX{ nkwdBh

• oki d/ fwT{A;gb yks/ d/ wkgdµvK

iK B?PBb fwT{A;gb nekT[AN

w?B[nb dh gkbBk

tZvhnk o[ektNk ;?ph fB:w

341

• *w/ok eµw, w/ok wkB*, ;ehw nXhB 18 s'A 35 ;kb dh T[wo ;w{j d/ Pfjoh B"itkBK ƒ o[Irko w[j¤Jhnk eotkfJnk ikJ/rk. fJµgbkfJw?AN n?Av n?ANogqkJhi d/ fibQk fpT{o' d[nkok ;kb ft¤u fJ¤e fBoXkos x¤N' x¤N fdB bJh j[µBowµd ns/ fdjkVh ekfwnK ,d'tk ƒ, o[Irko gqdkB eoB ftu ;jkfJsk ehsh ikt/rh .

343

wB[Zyh ftek;, wfji nkofEe gfjb{nK s'A jN e/ ;w[Zu/ wkBth ihtB dh nwhoh B{z wkgdk j?. fJj i'o wB[ZyK B{z T[gbpZX ftebgK, nt;oK ns/ ekpbhnsK T[Zs/ fXnkB e/Ados eodk j?. ;z:[es ok;aNo d/ ;ko/ w?APo d/;aK d[nkok fNekT{ ftek; T[d/;aK B{z ngDkT[D Bkb, fJ; rZb s/ j'o oth I'o tfXnk j? fe ftek; fNekT{ j'Dk ukjhdk j? ns/ nkT[D tkbnhnK ghVQhnK B{z fwnkoh ihtB pshs eoB ns/ ftek; eoB d/ pokpo w"e/ gqdkB ehs/ ikD. gzikp B/ tZy tZy fNekT{ ftek; T[d/;aK B{z gqkgs eoB ftZu wjZstg{oB gqrsh ehsh j?. Bhsh nk:'r tZb'A fNekT{ ftek; T[d/;aK dh gqrsh d/ nkXko s/ ;kb 2019^20 bJh fsnko ehs/ ;{ue (n?;HvhHihH fJzv?e;) nB[;ko, gzikp B{z fJze uzrh ekor[iakoh tkb/ oki ti'A ;aq/DhpZX ehsk frnk j?, fi;dk n?;HvhHihH fJzv?e; dk ;e'o 62 j? i' ok;aNoh n";s 60 s'A tZX j?. gzikp B/ f;js, f;Zfynk, gkDh ns/ ;cakJh, ;tZS T{oik ns/ ;z;EktK ;pzXh NhfunK ftZu fpjsohB ekor[iakoh fdykJh j?.

f;js ;pzXh T[d/;a ftZu oki dh ekor[iakoh nkjbk j'D dk ekoD tZy^tZy f;js ;{ue jB. oki B{z pkeh d/;a Bkb'A fJE/ bzph ihtB nk; ns/ xZN pkb w"s do j'D dk wkD gqkgs j?. pkeh okiK d/ w[ekpb/ gzikp ftZu pZfunK d/ wiap{s g';aD d/ fJzvhe/Noi ns/ fpjso NhekeoB pZuk^f;js gZy'A fpjso ekor[iakoh dk ;ze/s fdzd/ jB. iZuk dh d/yGkb d/ ;ze/sK d/ ;zdoG ftZu, gzikp dh iZuk w"s do (n?wHn?wHnkoH) ok;aNoh n";s d/ pokpo j?. go ;zg{oB s"o s/ ;fEo ;[Xko sK jh ;zGt j? i/eo gzikp ftZu BthnK wktK bJh iD/g/ s'A pknd dh d/yGkb d/ fJzvhe/No d/;a Go ftZu ;G s'A fpjso jB. jkbKfe, oki ftZu f;js ;/tktK B{z gqGkts eoB tkbhnK e[M fuzsktK ni/ th poeoko jB. ihtB;a/?bh BKb ;pzXs fpwkohnK dk tZX j'D ns/ nBhwhnk, yk; s"o s/ n"osK ftZu, r?o fwnkoh nkjko tZb ;ze/s eod/ jB.

f;fynk y/so ftZu gzikp B{z fwnkoh ftfdne p[fBnkdh YKu/ gqkgs j'D s/ wkD gqkgs j?. oki ftZu ;ko/ ;e{bK dh uko dhtkoh j'D ns/ jo w";w ftZu ubD tkbhnK ;VeK dk ;G s'A tZX nB[gks j'D ekoB oki B{z d/;a ftZu u'Nh dk doik gqkgs j?. gzikp tZy tZy BshfinK d/ ;{ueK, fit/A fe ;kyosk doK, e[Zb dkybk nB{gks ns/ ;Z[X dkybk nB{gks dk nZSk gqdo;aB eodk j?. oki ftZu ;e{b SZvD dh xZN do ns/ T[Zu iwksK ftZu spdhbh dhnK tZX doK fJ; sZE dk ;ze/s jB fe oki Bk f;oc pZfunK B{z ;e{b fbnkT[D ftZu ;cb fojk j? pbfe fJj th :ehBh pDkT[Adk j? fe ftfdnkoEhnK dk ;e{b ftZu dkybk poeoko th oj/. J/Hn?;HJhHnkoH ;ot/ d/;a jkb ftZu obhia v?Nk nzeV/ oki ftZu gVQkJh d/ Bshi/ yk; eoe/ /;oekoh ;e{bK u fpjso ekor[iakoh do;kT[Ad/ jB.

fJj sZE fdbu;g j? fe e[VhnK dk f;Zfynk d/ y/so d/ ftZfdne ns/ f;yD d/ ;{ueK ftZu tXhnK gqdo;aB fojk j?. gzikp B/ nkgD/ fbzr nB[gks ftZu ;[Xko fbnkT[D ns/ bVehnK B{z ;e{b ftZu fGitkT[D ftZu wjZstg{oD soZeh fdykJh j?. oki dhnK n"osK nkgD/ Bkb ;pzXs c?;b/ b?D ftZu ok;aNoh gZXo dh s[bBk ftZu tX/o/ nkiakdh dk nkBzd wkDdhnK jB. wjZstg{oD ;[Xko d/ pkti{d, oki ftZu n"osK dh feos ftZu ;aw{bhns do ns/ T[Zdwh rsfhftXhnK ftZu Gkrhdkoh p/jZd xZN gZXo dh ubdh nk ojh j?. oki ftZu n"osK dh feos ftZu ;aw{bhns do ns/ p/o[iarkoh do tor/ ;{ueK ftZu fbzre gkVk ok;aNoh n";s Bkb'A fiankdk j?.

nfXnkfJ 6 wB[Zyh ftek;

344

gzikp ftZu nB[;{fus ikshnK dk e[Zb nkpkdh ftZu'A ;G s'A tZvk nB[gks j? fiE/ bZrGr fJe fsjkJh nB[;{fus iksh d/ nkpkdh I' e/;a ftZu ;G s'A tZX j?. d/;a Go dhnK nB[;{fus ikshnK d/ w[ekpb/, gkzikp dh nB[;{fus ikshnK dh tZ;'A d/ wBZ[yh ftek; fJzvhe/Noi fit/A ;kyosk doK iK ftfdnk gqkgsh iK f;js ;pzXh fJzvhe/Noi nkfd. oki fJjBK ftu'A fiankdkso fJzvhe/Noi ftZu ok;aNoh n";s Bkb'A tXhnK gqdo;aB eo fojk j?. gzikp B{z d/;a dh ;G s'A xZN rohph doK tkb/ okiK ftZu ;akwb j'D dk wkD jk;b j?.

pokpo nt;oK, f;fynk ns/ f;js ;zGkb s'A jNe/ th tksktoB, ihtB dh r[DtZsk fBoXkos eoB ftZu wjZstg{oD G{fwek ndk eodk j?. iwhB j/mb/ gkDh dk fvZrdk fwnko, jtk, fwZNh ns/ gkDh dk gqd{;aD oki d/ tZv/ fuzsk tkb/ w;b/ jB.

e[b fwbk e/, gzikp wBZ[yh ns/ fNekT{ ftek; d/ tZy^tZy gfjb{nK s/ fpjso gqdo;aB eoB tkbk oki j?, jkbKfe oki ftZu j'o ;[Xko bJh ekcah r[zikfJ;a j?.

6H1 G{fwek

ਕਿਸੇ nkofEesk dh gqrsh B{z ;wMD bJh ftek; d/ w[ZYb/ ;{ueK s'A ਹਟ ਿੇ ftek; d/ nzsw

BshfinK B{z t/yD dh b'V jz[dh j?. y[;ajkbh d/ n;b fwnko dk gsk brkT[D bJh b'e fe; fwnko dk ihtB ih oj/ jB dk gsk brkT[Dk iao{oh j[zdk j?. fJ; fbjki Bkb wBZ[yh ftek; noE ftt;Ek ns/ b'eK d/ ihtB d/ fwnko dk nzdkik brkT[D bJh fJZe nfjw fJzvhe/No j?. fit/A fe ;z:[es okPNo ftek; gq'rokw d[nkok gfoGkPs ehsk frnk j? wBZ[yh ftek; dhnK tZy tZy XkoktK jB fiBQK ftZu wBZ[yh ekpbhnsK ftZu tkXk eoBk ns/ wBZ[yh ftek; d/ w"e/ tXkT[Dk, fit/A fe fuZso 92 ftZu do;kfJnk frnk j?.fJ; nfXnkfJ dk fXnkB wB[Zyh ftek; d/ tZy tZy gfjb{nK ftu j'Jh gqrsh dh ;whfynk eoBk j?.

fuso 92 L wB[Zyh ftek; dk g;ko

;kXBL http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/what-human-development

345

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6H2 fNekT{ ftek; T[d/;

;z:[es ok;aNo d/ w?Apo d/;aK d[nkok 17 fNekT{ ftek; T[d/;aK (n?;HvhHih;H) B{z ngDkT[D Bkb wBZ[yh ftek; B{z j'o wjZst gqkgs j'fJnk j?. fJj Nhu/ rohph B{z ysw eoB, Xosh rqfj dh oZfynk eoB ns/ fJj ;[fB;fus eoB fe 2030 se ;ko/ b'eK B{z PKsh ns/ y[;ajkbh dk nkBzd wkBD bJh fJe ft;atftnkgh ;Zdk j?. fJBQK T[d/;aK dh gqkgsh dk w[bKeD eoB bJh ftek; d/ tZy^tZy NhfunK ftu e[Zb 244 fJzvhe/Noi dh fB;akBd/jh ehsh rJh .

Bhsh nk:'r d/ n?Z;HvhHihH fJzv?e; T[s/ gzikp dh ekor[Ikoh

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jB,i' fe gzikp Bz{ th nkgDh ;woZEk ftZu tkXk eoB dk ;ze/s fdzd/ jB.

46 With significant expansion and revisions from the baseline index, scores of states are not strictly comparable

over the two periods 47 Telangana has been removed to ensure data consistency

346

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347

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1

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People’s Well-

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quality

parameters and

process

2 3

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peace

4

Strategy for

resource

mobilization

and investment

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8, 2, 15, 13, 9, 7

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1, 6, 11, 3, 4, 5, 10 SDG:

16

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ihtB ;zGktBk b'eK dh ihtB r[DtZsk ns/ GbkJh B{z goyD bJh ihtB ;zGktBk ;G s'A wjZstg{oD wkgdzv j?. gzikp ftZu ihtB ;zGktBk (iBw ;w/A 5^10 ;kb T[wo s/ ) Gkos ftZu ;ko/ okiK ftZu''A ;G s''A tZX j?. gzikp ftZu iBw ns/ ihtB ;zGktBk ftZu ;kb 2006^10 ns/ 2010^14 d/ ;w/A ftueko 2 ;kbK s''A tZX noEks 69H3 s'A 71H6 ;[Xko j'fJnk id'''A fe fJ; ;w/A d"okB 5^10 ;kb dh T[wo s/ 67H9 s''A 69H1 ;kb dk ;[Xko j'fJnk fit/A fe fuZso 96 ftZu ftykfJnk frnk j?. fJj th ;gPN j? fe gzikp ftZu okPNoh gZXo Bkb'A tX/o/ ihtB ;zGktBk j?. okPNoh o[MkBK d/ nB[;ko ;kb 2010^14 bJh wkdk ihtB ;zGktBk (73H8 ;kb) Bo ihtB ;zGktBk (69H7 ;kb) s''A tZX j?. oki d/ ihtB ;zGktBk ;{ueK s/ okPNoh gZXo Bkb''A tX/o/ uzrh ekor[Ikoh ftykJh j?, oki ftZu s[bBkswe gqsh ftnesh nkwdB tZX j? fi; Bkb b'eK B{z T[BQK dhnK f;js ;pzXh b'VK B{z g{ok eoB dh ;woZEk gqkgs j[zdh j?. pkb f;js T[wo nk; ftZu gzikp dh nkjbk ekor[iakoh pZfunK d/ szdo[;sh d/ fJzvhe/Noia ‘s/ oki dh ekor[iakoh d/ Bkb w/b yKdh j?. ok;aNoh n";s d/ w[ekpb/ gzikp ftZu pkb w"s do (nkJh n?w nko) ns/ nzvo 5 fwqs do (:{ 5 n?w nko) xZN j?. n?B n?c n?u n?; 2015^16 d/ nB[;ko, gzikp ftZu nkJh n?w nko ns/ 5 ;kb d/ pZfunK dh w"s do (:{ 5 n?w nko) eqwtko 29H2 ns/ 33H2 gqsh 1000 pZuk iBw fojk j?. ok;aNoh gZXo ‘s/ fJj eqwtko 40H7 ns/ 49H7fojk j?, fit/ fe fuZso 97 ftu do;kfJnk frnk j?. n?B n?c n?u n?; 2015^16 d/ nB[wkBK nB[;ko gzikp 28 okiK ftZu'A pkb w"s do (nkJh n?w nko) ftZu 10t/A ns/ 5 ;kb sZe d/ pZfunK dh w"s do (:{ 5 n?w nko) ftu 11t/A Bzpo ‘s/ j?.

57

74.3

40.749.7

41.7

52

29.233.2

nkJhHn?wHnkoH :{H5 n?wHnkonkJhHn?wHnkoH :{H5 n?wHnko

2005^06 2015^16

gzikp ftZu nkJhHn?wHnko ns/ :{HJhHnkoH ok;aNoh n";s Bkb'A ekcah xZN j?

Gkos gzikp

gqsh ji

ako b

kJht

iBw

;kXBL Bhsh n:'r ;N/N ;N/fN;fNe;

fuZso 97 L gzikp ftZu ftZu nkJhHn?wHnko ns/ :{5Hn?wHnko ok;aNoh n";s d/ nB[;ko

;kXBL n?BHn?cHn?uHn?; 2005^06 ns/ n?BHn?cHn?uHn?; 2015^16

351

e/obk, skfwbBkv{ ns/ wjKok;aNo tor/ fpjso gqdo;aB tkb/ oki (;koDh 38 ftu gqdo;as) ;{p/ gzikp B{z fJBQK ;{ueK ftu ;[Xko fbnkT[D dh r[zikfJ;a do;kT[Ad/ jB. n?; nko n?; p[b/fNB 2017 d/ nzefVnK B/ fJj do;kfJnk j? fe gzikp B/ fJBQK okiK dh ekor[iakoh s'A gkVk xNkfJnk j? ns/ Bkb jh fJ; d/ pkb w"s do (nkJhHn?wHnko) ftZu 2148 nzeK dk ;[Xko j'fJnk j?.r[nkYh oki jfonkDk ftZu fJj do (nkJhHn?wHnko) ;kb 2017 ftZu 30 nze ;h.

;koDh 38L j'oBk u'Dt/A okiK d/ w[ekpb/ Btiks fwqs{ do ns/ nzvo 5 fwqs{ do ftZu gzikp dh ekor[Ikoh

nkJhHn?wHnkoH :{H5 n?wHnko

2015^16 2017 2015^16 gzikp 29H2 21 33H2 jfonkDk 32H8 30 41H1 r[ioks 34H2 30 43H5 wjKok;aNo 23H7 19 28H7 nkXok gqd/;a 34H9 32 40H8 e/obk 5H6 10 7H1 skfwbBkv{ 20H2 16 26H8

;kXBL n?BHn?cHn?uHn?; 2015^16 ns/ n?;HnkoHn?; p[b/fNB 2019

pZfunK bJh f;jswzd ihtB B{z :ehBh pDkT[D ns/ pkb w"s do B{z xNkT[D bJh NhekeoD Io{oh j?. gzikp B/ oki ftZu pZfunK d/ NhekeoD B{z :ehBh pDkT[D bJh wjstg{oD soZeh ehsh j?. 12 s'A 23 wjhfBnK d/ pZfunK dk nB[gks, fiBQK B{z e'Jh Nhek BjhA brkfJnk frnk ;h, 2015^16 ftZu T[j 1H7# ofj frnk I' 2005^06 ftZu 6H6# ;h. fit/A fe fuZso 98 ftu ftykfJnk frnk j?, fJj pj[s/ okiK Bkb'A xZN j? ns/ okPNoh n";s d/ fJe fsjkJh s''A xZN j?. gzikp ns/ e/obk fJ; gZy''A d't/A jh f;yo s/ jB.

oki ftZu ;zg{oD NhekeoD eto/i ftu th pj[s ;[Xko nkfJnk j?. T[BQK pZfunK (12^23 wjhfBnK dh T[wo d/) fiBQK dk ;kok wZ[Ybk NhekeoD (ph;hih, vhghNh, j?ghNkJhN; ph ns/ g'fbU) j'fJnk dk nB[gks 2015^16 ftu 89 gqshPs ;h fijVk fe 2005^06

48 SRS and NFHS are not strictly comparable.

gzikp ftZu e/tb 1H7 gqshPs pZfunK Bz{ e'Jh NhekeoD Bjh fwfbnk i' okPNoh n";s d/ fJZe fsjkJh (6 # s'A xZN j?).

1.7% 1.7%2.3%

3.4%

6.0% 6.3%

8.2% 8.7%

gzikp

e/ob

k

nkX

ok g

qd/;a

skfw

bBkr

{

Gkos

jfon

kDk

wjko

k;an

o

r[io

ks

gzikp ;G s'A xZN fjZ;/ tkbk oki j? fi; ftZu e'Jh th NhekeoD BjhA j[zdk

fuso 98L 12^23 wjhB/ dh T[wo d/ pZfunK dh gqshPsk fiBQK dk NhekeoD BjhA j'fJnk(;kb 2015^16)

352

ftu 60H1 s''A T[go tfXnk j?. fJe tko fco oki dh ekor[Ikoh okPNoh n";s dh s[bBk ftu tX/o/ ojh. n;b ftZu okiK ftZueko gzikp ftZu pZfunK dh ;zg{oB w[ZYbk NhekeoD etoi dk ;G s''A tZX nB[gks j?.gzikp fJ; gZy''A th w'joh oki j? fijVk Bk e/tb fJj :ehBh pDkT[Adk j? fe pZfunK dk NhekeoD ehsk ikt/ ;r'A fJj th :ehBh pDkT[Adk j? fe fJj NhekeoD ;jh ;w/A s/

ehsk ikt/. okPNoh gZXo d/ 42H9 gqshPs d/ w[ekpb/ gzikp ftZu 84H7 gqshPs pZfunK dk T[fuZs T[wo ftZu

NhekeoD ehsk frnk. (fuZso 99)

fuso 99 L12^23 wjhfBnK d/ T[wo d/ pZfunK dh gqshP;sk fizBK B/ ;ko/ w[ZYb/ NhekeoD gqkgs ehs/ (2015^16)

;kXBL n?BHn?cHn?uHn?; 2015^16

iD/gk f;js ;zGkb

pkb f;js d/yGkb d/ fJzvhe/Noi s/ gzikp dh fpjso ekoriakoh dk Mbekok oki d/ iD/gk f;js ;zGkb fzJzvhe/Noi ftu BjhA fwbdk. eJh sokA d/ iD/gk f;js ;zGkb fJzvhe/NoI s/ gzikp dh ekor[iakoh, Gkt/A e"wh n";s Bkb'A wiap{s (iK fJ; d/ Bkb pokpo) j?, go fJj j'o T[Zu nkwdBh tkb/ okiK s'A fgZS/ j?. iD/gk w"s do (n?wHn?wHnko) fe;/ th nkofEesk ftZu f;js ;zGkb ;j{bskA dk w[ZYbk ;{ue j[zdk j?. iD/gk w"s do (n?wHn?wHnko) bJh skiak nB[wkB, i' fe 2015^17 dh fwnkd bJh T[gbpX jB, ;ze/s fdzd/ jB fe gzikp ftu iD/gk w"s do (n?w n?w nko) okPNoh n";s d/ pokpo, gqsh 1 bZy iBw fgZS/ 122 j?. e/obk ftu iD/gk w"s do (n?wHn?wHnko) (2015^17 d/ ftueko) gqsh 1 bZy iBw fgZS/ 42 fojk, i' d/;a Go ftu ;G s'A xZN j?. fJj sZE T[ikro eod/ jB fe gzikp ftu iD/gk f;js d/ w'ou/ ftu ;[Xko fbnkT[D dh r[zikfJP j?.

;zGkth wktK dh iBw d/D s'A gfjbK dh d/y^o/y w[jZJhnK eotkT[D bJh gzikp dh ekorIkoh okPNoh n";s s'A pj[s uzrh j?. ;kb 2015^16 n?BHn?cHn?ZuHn?Z;H bJh nB[wkB do;kT[aAd/ jB fe ;kohnK ;zGkth wktK d/ 30H7 gqshPs B/ okPNoh gZXo s/ 20H9 gqshPs ;zGkth wkktK d/ w[ekpb/

50.4%56.2%

62.0% 62.2% 65.2% 69.7%

82.1%89.0%

26.6%

41.2% 42.9% 45.4%55.5% 57.4% 61.0%

84.7%

r[ioks wjKok;aNo Gkos jfonkDk nkXok gqd/;a skfkwbBkv{ e/obk gzikp

gzikp pZfunK dh ;zg{oB w[ZYb/ NhekeoD d/ Bkb T[fusw Gkr tkbk oki j?

;ko/ p/f;e NhekeoB ;ko/ T[wo torK bJh NhekeoD

;kb 2010^12 ns/ 2015^17 d"okB gzikp ftZu n?wHn?wHnko 33

nzeK Bkb xZfNnk.


353

iBw d/D s'A gfjbK dhnk ;kohnK ;j{bsK gqkgs ehshnk (;koDh 39) ;kohnK ;zGkth wktK (97H1 gqshPs) e'b iBw d/D s'A gfjbK xZN'^xZN fJe tko io{o d"ok ehsk frnk. oki ftu gqXkB wzsoh ;[oZefPs wkfsqst nfGnkB (ghHn?wHn?Z;Hn?wHJ/H) dk bkr{eoB ehsk ik fojk j? sK i' d{i/ iK shi/ NqkJhw?;No ftu ;zGkth wktK iBw d/D s'A gfjbK dh xZN'^xZN fJe tko iKu io{oh ehsh ik ;e/. ghHn?wHn?Z;Hn?wHJ/H B/ tZy^tZy bkGgksohnK B{z nfijh ;j{bsK gqkgs

fuZso 100 Lgzikp ns/ u'Dt/ okiK ftZu n?wHn?wHnko (2015 ^17).

eoB ftu ;jkfJsk ehsh j? fiBQK sZe gfjbK gj[zu BjhA ehsh ik ;edh ;h. oki B/ T[BQK ;zGkth wktK d/ nB[gks ftu th ;[Xko ftykfJnk j? fiBQK B{z 2 iK tX N?NB; d/ Nhe/ bZr/ jB i' fe 2005^06 ftu 83H8 gqshPs s'A tX e/ 2015^16 ftu 89 gqshPs ;[Xko j' frnk.

;kXBL iD/g/k w"s doK d/ n?;HnkoHn?;H p[b/fNB.

;koDh 39 L iD/gk d/y^o/y ;{ue (2015^16)

roGtsh n"osK dh gqsh;a;ask

f;cko;ah fe;wK dh iBw s'A gfjbK dh d/yGkb gqkgs eoB tkbhnK

f;js ;j{bsK d/ Bkb iBw d/Dk

f;js eowukoh d[nkok fvbtoh ;jkfJsk

iBw s'A pknd d/ u?enZg eoNBB dh fvbtoh

gzikp 30H7 90H5 94H1 90H9 Gkos 20H9 78H9 81H4 69 jfonkDk 19H5 80H4 84H6 73H4 rioks 30H7 88H5 87H1 70H7 wjKok;aNo 32H4 90H3 91H1 82H1 nkXok gqd/;a 43H9 91H5 92H1 85H5 e/obk 61H2 99H8 99H9 89H3 skfwbBkv{ 45 98H9 99H2 87H1


fwnkoh iD/gk f;js B{z :ehBh pDkT[AD ftu wjZstg{oB G{fwek ndk eoB tkbk fJe j'o sZE vbhtoh d"okB g/P/tokBk ;jkfJsk dk j'Dk j?. n?ZBHn?cHn?uHn?Z;H^4 ;ot/yD s'A gfjbK 5 ;kbK (2015^16 d"okB gzikp ftu 90H5 gqshPs vbhtohnK f;js

42 55 63 74 87 98122 122

e/ob

k

wjko

k;aNo

skfw

bBkv

{

nkX

okgqd

/;a

r[io

ks

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gzikp

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gzikp n?wHn?wHnko ftZu ok;aNoh n";s d/ nB[;ko j?

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gzikp ftZu ;G s'A tZX BthnK wktK dk nB[gks j? i' ;ko/ okIk ftZu' ;G s' tZX iBw s' pknd ;zGkb gqkgs

eodhnK jB.gzikp ftZu e/tb 1H7# pZfunK Bz{ e'Jh NhekeoB Bjh

fwfbnk, i' okPNoh n";s d/ fJZe fsjkJh (6#) s'A xZN j?.

354

;j{bs e/Ado ftu 94H1 gqshPs fe;/ fBg[zB f;js eowukoh dh ;jkfJsk Bkb jz[dhnk ;B (;koDh 39).fJj okPNoh n";s s'A pj[s tX j?. fco th, eJh oki fit/A fe e/obk ns/ sfwbBkv{ fiZE/ brGr 100 gqshPs ;zGkth wktK dh vbhtoh f;js ;z;EktK ftu jz[dh j? fJj do;kT[Ad/ jB fe gzikp B{z tX/o/ uzrh iD/gk f;js ;zGkb ;{ue gqkgs eoB bJh ni/ ;[Xko eoB dh b'V j?. n?ZuHn?wHnkJhHn?Z;H s'A T[gbZpX skIk nzeV/ do;kT[aAd/ jB fe gzikp ftu 98H4 gqshPs vbhtohnK ;z;EktK ftu j'JhnK jB i' fe 3 ;kbK d/ ;w/A d"okB tZv/ ;[Xko B{z do;kT[AdhnK jB. tX/o/ fXnkB oki ftu iBw d/D s'A gfjbK dh d/y^o/y ns/ vbhtoh d"okB g/P/tokBk ;jkfJsk d/ bkGK pko/ ikro{esk g?dk eoB T[Zs/ j'Dk ukjhdk j? sK i' fJj :ehBh pDkfJnk ik ;e/ fe tX s'A tX ;zGkth wktK fJBQK ;j{bsK sZe gjz[u eo ;eD.

gzikp ftu BthnK pDhnK wktK fijVhnK fe iBw d/D s'A pknd dh d/y^o/y jk;b eodhnK jB dk nB[gks ;ko/ okiK ftZu'A d{ik ;G s'A tX nB[gks j?. n?BHn?cHn?ZuHn?Z;^2015^16 d/ nB[wkB fJj do;kT[Ad/ jB fe gzikp ftu vbhtohnK d/ 91 gqshPs B{z BthnK wktK iBw d/D s'A pknd d/ u?Ze^ng ehs/ rJ/ (;koDh 39).

;koDh 40 LiBse f;js ;j{bsK ftZu iBw s'A pknd gqsh i/p s'A ehsk frnk youk

fJj fdbu;g rZb j? fe gzikp iBse f;js ;j{bsK ftu gqsh vbhtoh i/p ftZu'A ehs/ you dh xZN'^xZN n";s ftZu'A j?. n?BHn?cHn?uHn?;H 2015^16 nB[;ko d/P ftu ftneshnK tb'A f;js

;[ftXk ;z;Ek ftu vbhtoh Bk eotkT[D dk fdZsk iKdk ekoD yk; eoe/ g/Av{ y/soK ftu tZX \ou dk j'Dk j?. gzikp okPNoh gZXo s'A ns/ j'o okiK dh s[bBK ftu fco th ;z;Ekrs vbhtohnK bJh Pfjoh ns/ g/Av{ d'jK y/soK ftu xZN \ou d/Dk g?Adk j? (;koDh 40).

roG^fBo'Xek dh tos'A

gfotko fB:'iB n"osK ns/ wktK dh f;js ftu wjZstg{oB G{fwek fBGkT[Adk j?. fJj Io{oh j? fe wK dh wkBf;e ns/ ;ohoe f;js B{z gfotko tXkT[AD d/ fe;/ th c?;b/ B{z b?D s'A gfjbK ftukfonk ikt/. roG^fBo'Xe Bk e/tb gfotko fB:'iB ftu wjZstg{oB G{fwek fBGkT[Adk j? ;r'A roG fBo'Xe d/ bJh nkX[fBe sohe/ tZy^tZy ;?e;[nbh NqK;fwNv phwkohnK (n?Z;HNhHvhH) B{z th o'edhnK jB. Gkt/A roG^fBo'Xe dh tos'A ni/ th d/P ftu tX/o/ nB[gks ftu BjhA ehsh iKdh fco th gzikp roG^fBo'Xe ngDkT[AD ftu w'joh j?. fuZso 101 T[; t;'A d/ nB[gks B{z do;kT[Adk j? fijVh fe roG^fBo'XeK dh tos'A BjhA eo ojh. fJj ;gZPN j? fe gzikp ftu nfijh t;'A dk nB[gks pj[s xZN j? i' roG^fBo'XeK dh tos'A BjhA eo ojh.

oki ;afjoh g/Av{ i'V gzikp 1576 2043 1890 Gkos 3,913 2,946 3,197 jfonkDk 2,371 1,160 1,569 rioks 2,331 2,020 2,136 nkXok gqd/;a 2,339 2,316 2,322 wjKok;aNo 3,331 3,758 3,578 skfwbBkv{ 2,556 2,649 2,609 e/obk 6,848 6,944 6,901

iBse f;js ;j{bsK ftZu iBw s'A pknd gzzikp ftZu gqsh i/p s'A ehsk frnk n";s youk ;G s'A xZN j?.


355

fuZso 101 L iB;zfynk dk nB[gks i' toswkB ;w/A ftZu fe;/ th soQk dk roG^fBo'Xek dh tos'A Bjh eo fojk. (#)


f;js p[fBnkdh YKuk

f;js p[fBnkdh YKuk noE ftt;Ek ftu f;js ;zGkb ;j{bsK d/ gqpzX ftu wjZstg{oB G{fwek ndk eodk j?. gzikp B/ nkgD/ t;BheK B{z tX/o/ uzrhnK f;js ;j{bsK w[jZJhnk eotkT[D ftu wjZstg{oD gqrsh ehsh j?. G"fse p[fBnkdh YKu/ d/ gZy'A gqsh w?vheb ;z;Ek dh ;[ftXk gqkgs eoB tkbh nkpkdh 2019 ftu 7,909 ;h. fJ;/ soQK gqsh p?Zv ;j{bs jk;b eoB tkbh npkdh 2015 ftu 1,222 d/ w[ekpb/ 201 ftu 1,657 ;h. n";sB fJe w?vheb ;z;Ek 2H68 feHwhH dkfJo/ ftu ;j{bsK gqdkB eodh j?. fco th, fIfbQnK ftu fyzvkU w"i{d j?. id'A fe n?Z;HJ/Hn?Z;H Bro gqsh ;z;EK 5150 ftneshnk B{z ;oft; fdzdk j?, fJj' n?Z;HJ/Hn?Z;HBro ftu 11336 (d[rD/ s'A tX) j?. fJ;/ soQK cohde'N ftu gqsh p?Zv 837 ftneshnK B{z ;oft; fdZsh iKdh j? id'A fe b[fXnkDk ftu fJj 3244 (bZrGZr u'r[Dh) j?. b[fXnkDk ns/ w'jkbh ftu tX/o/ t;'A ns/ ;hws EK Pfjo ftu ;ohoe f;js p[fBnkdh YKu/ d/ g;ko ftu gqw[Zy o[ektNK jB.

G"fse p[fBnkdh YKu/ d/ w/b ftu gqsh vkeNo ;oft; gqkgs eodh nkpkdh ftu th ;kbK d'okB ;[Xko nkfJnk j?. 2019 ftu jo/e vkeNo 585 ftneshnK B{z ;oft; gqdkB eodk ;h fijVk fe 2015 ftu gqsh vkeNo 1083 ftneshnK dh ;h. fJ; d/ T[bN gqsh Bo; ;oft; gqkgs eodh nkpkdh ftu 2019 ftu pj[s tkXk t/yD B{z fwfbnk j?. 2015 ftu 444 ftneshnK B{z gqsh Bo; ;oft; d/ w[ekpb/ 2019 ftu 1755 ftnesh gqsh Bo; ;oft; ojh. fIbQk wB[Zyh f;js p[fBnkdh YKu/ ftu ftfGzBsk th t/yD B{z fwbdh j?. id'A fe soBskoB ftu fJZe vkeNo 12000 ftneshnK B{z ;oft; fdzdk j? cohde'N ftu fJj 500 s'A th xZN j?. fJ;/ soQK gmkBe'N ftu fJZe Bo; 7800 ftneshnK B{z ;/tk w[jZJhnK eodh j? id'A fe gfnkbk ftu fJj 202 j?.

g'PD ;fEsh

pkb g'PD

24.230.5 35.3 36.3

46.5 46.8 46.953.1

gzikp

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gzikp ftZu w"i{dk ;w/A ftu' fBo'Xek dh tos'A eoB tkbh iB;zfynk dh ;G s'A xZN do j?

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e?A;o, vkfJpNhI, ekofvT[t;e[bo o'r ns/ ;N'qe (n?BHghH;hHn?Z;H;hHn??Z;H) dh o'eEkw ns/ fB:zsqD bJh okPNoh gq'rokw

n?BHghH;hHn?;HvhHn?Z;H gq'rokw oki d/ ;ko/ 22 fIfbQnk ftu bkr{ ehsk frnk j? fi; nXhB uko o'rK noEks e?A;o, vkfJpNhI, ekovhUtk;e[bo o'r ns/ ;Nq'e bJh vkfJrB'f;; T[gbZpX j?. gq'rokw sfjs 8 ‘;Nqke o/vh :{fBN* gfjbK jh ekoiPhb jB ns/ 5 j'o fIbQk j;gskb ekoiPhb eo fdZs/ ikDr/.jo/e 50 fp;sfonK tkb/ 2 No;oh e?A;o e/no e/Ado (NhH;hH;hH;h) ckfIbek ns/ j[fPnkog[o fty/ ;Ekgs ehs/ rJ/. NhH;hH;hH;h ckfIbek dh ;Ekgs eoB dh gqfeqnk gµikp f;js f;;NwI ekog'o/PB tZb'A nkoµG ehsh rJh j? Gkos ;oeko B/ ;oekoh w?vheb ekbi, nµfwqs;o fty/ oki e?A;o fJµ;NhfuT{N (n?Z;H;hHnkJhH) dh th gqtkBrh fd¤sh j?. n?Z; ;h nkJh ƒ ;Ekgs eoB dh gqfeqnk th gµikp f;js f;;Nwi ekog 'o/PB, w[jkbh tb'A nkoµG eo fd¤sh rJh j?.

w[¤y wµsoh gµikp e?A;o okjs e'P

fJj e?Pb/; ;ehw j? fi; sfjs e?A;o d/ jo/e wohi ƒ fJbki bJh 1H50 b¤y o[gJ/ dh

;jkfJsk w[j¤Jhnk ehsh ikt/rh. T[j ;ko/ e?A;o d/ wohi fijV/ fe gµikp oki d/ t;Bhe jB

;kb ghHn?wHn?Z;Hn?wHJ/H sfjs roGth

n"osK dh frDsh fizBQK dh pZu/ d/ iBw s'A gfjbK d/yGkb j'Jh.

e[Zb roGtsh n"osK dh frDsh fizBK dh roGekb tX/o/ I"yw

tkbk ;h nB[gks

iBtoh 2020 sZe 92398 14880 16.1%

362

fJ; ;ehw d/ gkso j'Dr/. fwsh nµs s¤e 59157 e?A;o d/ wohiK ƒ 770 e'oV o[gJ/ dh ftsh

;jkfJsk fd¤sh ik u[¤eh j?.

gµikp oki J/vi fB:µsqD ;[;kfJNh

y{B uVkT[D dhnK ;/tktK

;[o¤fyns y{B w[jZJhnK eokT[Dk ekBz{B d[nkok bkIwh j? ns/ fJj okPNoh J/vi fB:µsqD ;µ;Ek

(n?B J/ ;h U) dh w[Ybh fiµw/tkoh j?. pb¤v NqK;fcT{iB ;/tktK ( ph Nh n?Z;) dk ftP/P T[d/P

;[o¤fyns ns/ fwnkoh y{B ns/ y{B d/ T[geoB 116 pb¤v p?AeK d/ B?Ntoe okjhA(46 n?B J/ ;h

U s'A ;jkfJsk gqkgs p?Ae$ ;oekoh, 6 fwbNoh, 64 gqkJht/N) fJBQK ftu 67 pb¤v eµg'B?AN

;?go/PB :{fBN Pkwb jB, se gj[µu eoBk j?. 67 phH;hHn?Z;H:{H ftu'A 20 ;oekoh ;?eNo ftu

jB.

p/f;e ;/tktK vthiB

ngq?b 2018 s'A wkou 2019 s¤e fJBN/rq/fNv e"A;bK ns/ N?;fNµr ;?ANo (nkJhH;hHNhH;hH) ftu

e[¤b 11,84,030 wohiK d/ N?¤;N ehs/ rJ/. fJBQK ftu'A 8131 d/ Bshi/ g'ihfNt gkJ/ rJ/,

efwT{fNt n?u nkJh th g'fifNftNh 0H69 gqshPs ;h. ukb{ ;kb (wkou 2019 s¤e) d"okB 320

J/ n?B ;h wkktK d/ Bshi/ g'fifNt ;B ns/ 85 ;aBkysh g'fifNt J/Hn?BH;h ;B. e[b ihfts iBw

357 ns/ 320 n?wHphH g/no fdZs/ rJ/ ;B. oki ftu wkou 2019 s¤e ekoiPhb nkJh ;h Nh ;h

d/ e[b frDsh 943 j?.

gµikp dhnK 9 ;?ANob i/bK ftu ekT[;fbµr ns/ N?;fNµr ekoi ehsk ik fojk j? ns/ w'pkfJb

nkJh ;h Nh ;h okjhA ft;sqs chbv n?u nkJh th N?;fNµr ehsh ik ojh j?. ngq?b 2018 s'A

wkou 2019 s¤e 36499 dk N?;N ehsk frnk. fi; ft¤u'A 789 d/ Bshi/ g'fifNt ;B. gµikp d/

174 UUJ/Nh ;?ANoK ftu n?c^nkJh ;h Nh ;h ;Ekgs ehs/ rJ/ jB. gh n?u ;h g¤Xo s/ J/ n?B

n?w ns/ ;Nkc Bo;K ƒ n?u nkJh th f;cfb; N?;fNµr s/ Nq/fBµr fd¤sh rJh j?.

d/y o/y ;jkfJsk ns/ fJbki ( ;hHn?Z;HNhH)

e/no ;g'oN n?Av NqhNw?AN (d/y^o/y ;jkfJsk ns/ fJbki) dk w[¤y wµst n?u nkJh th$ J/vi

(ghHn?bHn?uHnkJhHthH) rq;s ihts ftnesh ƒ d/y^o/y ;jkfJsk ns/ fJbki dk ft;sqs g?ei

w[j¤fJnk eoBk j?. gµikp ft¤u 9 g{oh soQK ekoiPhb J/ nko Nh ;?ANo (8 J/ nko Nh ns/ 1 J/

nko Nh gb¤;) ns/ 4 c?f;fbNh fJµNhrqfNv J/ nko Nh ;?ANo jB. ;N?Av nb'B nkJh ;h Nh ;h

;?ANo ns/ U n?¤;HNhH ;?ANo fty/ 12 Bt/A n?b J/ ;h ekoiPhb ehs/ rJ/ jB. gµikp d/ J/ nko Nh

;?ANo$ n?c n?Jh^J/ nko Nh ;?ANo fty/ 7992 Bt/A gh n?b n?u nkJh th ngq?b 2018 s'A wkou

2019 se ofi;No ehs/ rJ/. fJBQK ftu'A 7188 gh n?¤b n?u nkJh th dk nkoµG J/ nko Nh s/

ehsk frnk ns/ e[b 6226 gh n?b n?u nkJh th ihts jB ns/ J/ nko Nh T[¤s/ jB.

363

;?e;{nbh NqK;fwNv vihi (n?Z; Nh vh) d/ fB:µsqD bJh gfjbedwhnK

;?e;[nbh NqK;fwNv vihi (n?Z; Nh vh) ns/ fogq'vefNt Nq?eN fJBc?ePBi (nko Nh nkJh)

wj¤stg{oD iBse f;js ;w¤f;nktK jB. ;?e;[nbh NqK;fwNv fJBc?ePB (n?¤; Nh nkJh) Bkb

rq;s ftnesh dh n?u nkJh th fJBc?ePB dk fPeko j'D dh ;µGktBk th tX/o/ j[µdh j?.

n?Z; Nh nkJh ns/ nko Nh nkJh wodK dh s[bBk ftu n"osK ftu ;oho ouBk ;µpµXh fGµBsk j'D

ekoD tX/o/ t/yD ƒ fwbdh j?. T[BQK ƒ pKMg[D/, wjktkoh dhnK ;w¤f;nktK ns/ j'o ;w¤f;nktK

s'A pukT[D bJh ;µg{oD fJbki pj[s io{oh j?. n?Z; Nh nkJh$ nko Nh nkJh ebhfBe ;ko/ fibQk

j;gskbK ns/ e[M T[g fibQk f;js ;[ftXk e/AdoK ft¤u ekoiPhb jB fi¤E/ w[cs b?p N?¤;N ns/

t¤y^t¤y phwkohnK bJh voZr fe¤NK T[gb¤pX eotkJhnK iKdhnK jB sK i' wohiK ns/ T[BQK d/

;kEh dk th ;µg{oD fJbki ehsk ik ;e/. T[go'es ftu w[cs ekT[;fbµr ;/tktK th w[j¤Jhnk

ehshnK iKdhnK jB. J/ n?B ;h e/;K ƒ ftP/P d/y o/y w[j¤Jhnk ehsh iKdh j?. w"i{dk ;w/A N?;N

eoB ns/ ;w/A f;o fJbki bJh J/ n?B ;h e/;K dh 100 gqshPs eto/i th ehsh ik ojh sK i'

oki ƒ eBi?BhNb ns/ BhUB/Nb f;cfb; s'A w[es ehsk ik ;e/.

ebhfBeK d/ ekoi dh ;whfynk, ;whfynk ew/NhnK tb'A ehsh iKdh j? ns/ ekoir[ikoh ƒ fpjso

eoB T[¤s/ ftuko tNKdo ns/ ;kb 2018^19 ftu bkr{ eoB ehsk iKdk j?. n?Z; Nh nkJh$ nko

Nh nkJh ebhfBeK dh frDsh fijVh fe 2009^ 10 ftu 23 ;h j[D fibQk$ T[g fibQk j;gskbK

ns/ ;oekoh w?vheb ekbiK fty/ 2018^19 ftu tX e/ 31 j' rJh j?.

t¤X i'yw ro[¤g iB;µfynk bJh Nhukp¤X dybnµdkihnKL n?BHihHUH okjhA gq'rokw dk bkr{eoB

ehsk iKdk j? ns/ fpj/thno u/Ai efwT{fBe/PB, e'Avw dh tos'A ƒ gq's;kjB d/D, n?Z; Nh nkJh

d/y o/y n?u nkJh th N?;fNµr o?cob ns/ n?ANh o?No' tkfJob fJbki,jkow fovePB fi; ftu

n?u nko ih ns/ fpqi t;'A bJh UghnkfJv ;pf;fNT{PB NqhNw?AN Pkwb j?, Bkb ;pµXs ;/tktK

w[j¤Jhnk ehshnK iKdhnK jB, w"i{dk ;w/A 54 Nkor?fNv fJµNot?BPBi ns/ 2 fbµe toeo ;ehwK

(n?b vpfbT{ n?Z;) oki ftu ekoiPhb jB fijVhnK fe 11426 wfjbk ;?e; toeo (n?c n?Z;

vpfbT{),2857 wod fijV/ wod Bkb jh ;µG'r eod/ jB( n?wHn?Z;Hn?wH), 12982 fJBi?efNµr

vZr :{io (nkJh vh :{i), 50884 wkJhrq?AN, 20854 Nqe¤o B{z eto eodhnK jB. fJ;/ soQK

iBse f;js ;?fNµr ftu 23 ns/ n?B ih U ;?fNµr ftu 6 f;js ;µGkb ;µ;EktK fty/ U n?¤; Nh

gq'rokw bkr{ ehsk ik fojk j?. nkJh vh :{ ƒ*B[e;kB xNkU dybnµdkih* tb'A ;pfbµr[nb

p[gq?Bo'ckJhB ns/ whEkvB w[j¤Jhnk ehsk ik fojk j?. w"i{dk ;w/A U n?¤; Nh e/AdoK fty/ 25132

nkJh vh :{Idk fJbkek P[o{ ehsk frnk j?.

BPk fB:µsqDL BPk^S[vkT[ ns/ g[Botk; bJh gµikp oki p'ov

;koDh 43 BPk S[vkU e/AdoK ftZu UHghHvh ns/ nkJhHghHvh wohiK dh frDsh

364

BPk^S[vkT[ ns/ g[Botk; bJh

gµikp oki p'ov dk rmB w[¤y

wµsoh, gµikp dh gqXkBrh

nXhB ehsk frnk j? i' fe

oki ft¤u BPk S[vkU ns/

g[Botk; ;pµXh ekoiK dk

fBohyD eo/rh. p'ov ftu

T[¤x/ f;js wkjo ns/ gqf;¤X

f;tb ;[;kfJNh B[wkfJµd/ Pkwb

jB. fJ;/ soQK jo/e fibQ/ ftu

;pµXs fifbQnK d/ fvgNh

efwPBo dh gqXkBrh nXhB BPk^S[vkU ns/ g[Botk; ;[;kfJNh dk rmB ehsk frnk j?. f;tb

;oiB, wB'ftfrnkBe wkfjo, fibQk ;wkie ;[o¤fynk nc;o ns/ n?Z; n?Z; gh fJBQK :sBK dk

fBohyD eoB bJh j'o w?Apo jB. BPk S[vkU wohiK dh U gh vh ns/ nkJh gh vh dh ;fEsh

;koDh 43 ft¤u g/P ehsh rJh j?.

UUJ/Nh gq'rokw

BfPnK dh t¤X ojh tos'A dh ;w¤f;nk Bkb Bfi¤mD bJh gµikp ;oeko B/ 26 nes{po 2017 ƒ

3 fifbQnK (nµfwqs;o, w'rk ns/ soBskoB ) ftu gkfJbN gVkn ftu nkT{N^g/PµN nkfgnkfJv

nf;;fNv NqhNw?AN (U U J/ Nh) gq'rokw dk nkoµG ehsk j?. fJ; gq'rokw dk n¤r/ ft;sko j'o

fifbQnK ftu 17 wJh 2018 ƒ ehsk frnk. ftGkr B/ b'V nXkos gj[µu dk nB[;oD ehsk j? fi;

nXhB pj[s finkdk ;w¤f;nk tkb/ b'eK ƒ fJBv'o c?f;fbNh ftu dkyb ehsk iKdk j? id'A fe

tX/o/ do wohi dk fJbki U gh vh c?f;fbNh ft¤u ehsk iKdk j?. BPk^S[vkU fJbki s'A fJbktk

j'o ;/tktK fit/A n?u nkJh th N?;fNµr, Nh ph dk fJbki, n?Z; Nh nkJh ;/tktK ns/ gh n?b n?u

nkJh th vo¤r fBoGoK bJh J/ nko Nh gh n?Z; J/ ;h n?¤; ns/ n?¤B n?u n?w dh ;jkfJsk Bkb

T[gbp¤X jB. v[gbhf;Nh s'A puD ns/ wohiK dk foekov o¤yD ns/ uµr/ c'b'^ng bJh e/Adoh

ofi;Noh gqDkbh fte;s ehsh rJh j? ns/ Gft¤y ft¤u o?co/A; bJh jo/e wohi ƒ :{ nkJh vh

Bµpo ;"Ag/ ik oj/ jB. fJ; gqDkbh ftu ;ko/ g¤XoK s/ wohiK dh r[gssk o¤yh ik ojh j?.

w"i{dk ;w/A oki ft¤u 193 U U J/ Nh ebhfBe ekoiPhb jB fi¤E/ 1,07,352 ofi;Nov wohiK

dk fBohyD ;?ANob ofi;Noh gqDkbh okjhA wB'ftfrnkBe eo oj/ jB. ofi;No j'J/ wohi

j;gskb d/ wj"b dh pikJ/ ;[;kfJNh ftu gfotkoe w?ApoK Bkb ofj oj/ jB ns/ nkgDhnK

fBofXos B"eohnK eo oj/ jB. ;oeko B/ wohiK ƒ dtkJhnK xo b? e/ ikD dh ;j{bs dh BthA

gfjbedwh ehsh j? fJ; Bkb wohiK ƒ fJbki bJh ;[ftXkiBe tksktoD fwfbnk j?.

;kb UHghHvhH nkJhHghHvhH

2012 13680 3841

2013 24031 6624

2014 202756 6328

2015 114482 11019

2016 70398 4370

2017 108767 8348

2018 212067 10884

2019 (nes[po se) 167463 15404

365

6H4 f;¤fynk gqkgsh

f;¤fynk wB[¤yh ftek; ns/ r[Dt¤sk Go/ ihtB bJh fJ¤e gqw[¤y ;kXB j? fijVh f;¤yD ns/

ftek; eoB bJh uµr/ nt;oK bJh okj y'bQdh j?. n?Z;HvhHih 4, *etkfbNh f;¤fynk * dk we;d

;w[¤uh ns/ T[fus fwnkoh f;¤fynk ƒ :ehBh pDkT[Dk ns/ ;kfonK bJh ihtB Go bJh f;¤yD d/

nt;oK ƒ gq's;kjB d/Dk j?. gµikp ;oeko oki ft¤u f;¤yD dk wj"b w[j¤Jhnk eoB bJh

;wofgs j?. oki ;oeko ;e{bh f;¤fynk ftu r[Dkswe ;[Xko fbnkT[D ns/ ;jh noEK ft¤u

f;¤fynk d/ nfXeko (2011) ƒ T[s;kjs eoB dk we;d

o¤ydh j?. gµikp ƒ fJ; d/ wip{s p[fBnkdh YKu/ ns/

Bshik ;{ueK s/ wkD j?.

Bhsh n:'r n?Z; vh ih fJµv?e; 2019^20 d/ n?Z; vh ih 4

(r[Dt¤sk$ fwnkoh f;¤fynk) 67 d/ ;e'o Bkb gµikp

okPNoh n";s s'A n¤r/ j?. (Gkos dk fJ; ftu 58 Bzpo

j?) ns/ p/;bkJhB fog'oN ftu fJ; ;e'o s/ wj¤stg{oB

;[Xko ftykfJnk j?. gµikp go;'Bb, iBse fPekfJsK ns/ g?BPB wµsokbk tb'A ubkJ/ rJ/ uµr/

oki^ gqpµX fJµv?e; d/ wB[¤yh ;o's ftek; gfjb{ T[¤s/ nkgD/ 0H8 d/ ;e'o Bkb 18 okiK ftu'A d{i/

doi/ s/ j?.fJµv?e; dk fJj gfjb{ f;¤fynk d/ t¤y^t¤y g¤yK (Bshi/ ns/ fbµr ;wkBsk ;{ueK)

ns/ j[Bo ftek; B{z wkgdh j?.

;kyosk do

gµikp B/ oki ftu ;kyosk g¤XoK ftu ;[Xko eoB ftu wj¤stg{oD so¤eh ehsh j?. ;kyosk do

noE ftt;Ek d/ f;¤fynk d/ g¤Xo dk w[Ybk ;{ue j[µdk j?. gµikp B/ fgZSb/ ;kbK d"okB nkgDh

;kyosk do ft¤u ;[Xko eoB ft¤u wj¤stg{oD so¤eh ehsh j?. 2011 dh wodw P[wkoh nB[;ko

gµikp dh ;kyosk do 75H84 gqshPs j? fijVh fe 1971 ftu 34H12 gqshPs s'A tXh j? ns/ fJj

jo djke/ (n";sB) 10 gqshPs g[nkfJµNK s'A th tX ;[Xko do;kT[Adh j?. fJ; dh s[bBk ftu

okPNoh ;kyosk do 2011 ftu 72H99 gqshPs ;h i' fe 1971 ftu 34H45 gqshPs s'A tXh j?.

fco th oki ƒ ;G s'A T[gob/ doi/ s/ ofj oj/ okiK fit/A e/obk (94 gqshPs) ns/ wjkokPNo

(82H34 gqshPs)dh pokpoh eoB ftu oki ƒ fsnko eoBh j?. okPNoh ;?Agb ;ot/yD (2014)

nB[;ko gµikp ftu ;kyosk do 80 gqshPs se tXh j?. gh n?b n?c n?Z; fog'oN nB[;ko gµikp

ft¤u ;kyosk doK dk 82H249 gqshPs se tXD s/ fJ; ftu j'o ;[Xko nkfJnk j?.

49 PLFS and Census are not strictly comparable

gzikp dk r[Zv rtoB?A; fJzv?e; nkc n?wHUHn?; (ghHgh) s/ wBZ[yh ;o's ftek; d/ gZy' d{i/ Bzpo s/ j?.

366

2011 dh wodwP[wkoh nB[;ko wodK dh ;kyosk do okPNoh o[MkBK d/ pokpo j?, fi; dh do

gµikp ft¤u 80H5 gqshPs ns/ okPNoh g¤Xo s/ 80H9 gqshPs j?. fJ; s'A T[bN gµikp ftu

fJ;sohnK dh ekor[ikoh okPNoh g¤Xo s/ n"osK dh ekor[ikoh Bkb'A t¤X j?.gµikp ft¤u n"osK

dh ;kyosk do 70H7 gqshPs j? i' fe okPNoh g¤Xo s/ n"osK dh 64H7 gqshPs ;kyosk do Bkb'A

feXo/ t¤X j?. fco th gµikp ft¤u n"osK dh fJ; wip{s ekor[ikoh B/ okPNoh n";s d/ Bkb

Bkb oki ftu fbµr nµso ƒ xNkT[D ftu ;jkfJsk ehsh j? fi; ƒ fe fu¤so 104 ft¤u

do;kfJnk frnk j?. gh n?b n?c n?Z; 2017^18 ftu doi ehs/ nB[;ko jkb jh dk v/Nk

do;kT[Adk j? fe fJj fbµr nµso n¤r/ j'o 7H7 gqshPs g[nkfJµN; se x¤N frnk j?. (wod 85H

gqshPs ns/ n"osK 78H2 gqshPs)

fu¤so 104L gzikp ns/ Gkos ftu ;kyosk dok ftu g/Av{^Pfjoh fbzr n;wkBsk

;kXB L iBrDBk^2011

oki ftu g/Av{^Pfjoh Pkyosk doK dk nµso e"wh o[MkBK dk gkbD eodk j? fi; eoe/ Pfjoh

y/so tX/o/ uµrh ekor[ikoh ftyk fojk j?. jkbKfe fbµre nµso d/ wkwb/ gzikp dk g/Av{^Pfjoh

nµso pj[s x¤N j? ftu j?,(fu¤so 104). fJ; dk :'rdkB fdjksh Gkos ns/ fdjksh gµikp ftu

T[¤u ;kyosk doK d[nkok fdZsk frnk j?. fdjksh gµikp bJh ;kyosk do 71H4 gqshPs j? id'A fe

fJj Gkos bJh 67H8 gqshPs j?. fJ; d/ T[bN gµikp dh Pfjoh y/so dh ekor[ikoh Pfjoh Gkos

Bkb'A wkw{bh xZN j?. Gkos bJh Pfjoh y/soK ftu ;kyosk do 84H2 gqshPs j? i' fe gµikp ftu

83H2 gqshPs j?. ;kyosk doK ft¤u g/Av{^Pfjoh nµso th x¤N e/ 7H9 gqshPs g[nkfJµN j'fJnk j?

fit/A fe gh n?b n?c n?Z; 2017^18 ftu doi ehsk frnk j?.

gµikp dh pkbr ;kyosk do T[¤s/ ekor[ikoh oki ftu ;kyosk doK ft¤u t/y/ rJ/ o[MkBK ƒ

fdykT[Adh j?. pkbr ;kyosk T[; T[wo d/ b'eK ƒ do;kT[Adh j? fijV/ 15 ;kb iK fJ; s'A t¤X

jB. wodwP[wkoh 2011 do;kT[Adh j? fe gµikp ftu pkbrk dh ;kyosk do 73 gqshPs ;h i'

fe okPNoh n";s dh 69H3 gqshPs Bkb'A tZX ;h. fbµr n;wkBsk ns/ g/Av{^Pfjoh nµso pkbr

;kyosk ftu th ;gPN fdykJh fdµdk j? Gkt/A fJj nµso gµikp g¤Xo s/ pj[s x¤N j? (fu¤so

104) . gzikp ftZu wodK ns/ Pfjoh y/soK ftu pkbr ;kyosk do tX j?.

16.3%9.7%

16.4%11.8%

19.6%

11.0%

20.3%14.4%

Gkos gzikp Gkos gzikp Gkos gzikp Gkos gzikp

fbzr gkVk g?Av{^Pfjoh nzso fbzr gkVk g?Av{^Pfjoh nzso

Pkyosk do pkbr Pkyosk do

gzikp ftZu ;kyosk dok ftu g/Av{^Pfjoh fbzr n;wkBsk okPNoh gZXo s'A xZN j?.

367

j'o Bshfink d/ ;{ue

dkybk nB[gks

w[cs ns/ bkiwh f;¤fynk dk nfXeko n?eN (2009) d/ pDB ns/ fJ; s'A pknd 2011 ftu

gµikp ;oeko tb'A n?eN ƒ ngDkT[D dk we;d 6 s'A 14 ;kb dh T[wo d/ ;ko/ p¤funK ƒ

f;¤fynk se gj[µu w[j¤Jhnk eotkT[Dk j?. fJ; d/ Bshi/ ti'A gµikp ;oeko dk we;d th

f;fyne ;?eNo ftu 100 gqshPs e[Zb dkybk nB[gks ( ih Jh nko) ns/ 100 gqshPs ;[ZX

dkybk nB[gks (n?B Jh nko) gqkgs eoB dk Nhuk j?.

gµikp bJh 2018^19 bJh e[Zb dkybk nB[gks bJh skik T[gbp¤X nB[wkB do;kT[Ad/ jB fe oki

f;¤fynk d/ gqkfJwoh, ngo gqkfJwoh ns/ ;?eµvoh g¤XoK s/ 100 gqshPs e[Zb dkybk nB[gks dk

Nhuk gqkgs eoB d/ B/V/ j?. 2018^19 bJh ;[ZX dkybk nB[gks d/ nB[wkB do;kT[Ad/ jB fe oki

ƒ 100 gqshPs dk Nhuk gqkgs eoB bJh ni / E'Vk ;wK j'o b¤r/rk (;koDh 44). ;koDh 44 L f;Zfynk d/ tZy^tZy gZXoK bJh dkybk nB[gks

f;¤fynk d/ ;ko/ g¤XoK s/ gµikp ft¤u e[Zb

dkybk nB[gks bJh 2017^18 bJh nB[wkB

do;kT[Ad/ jB fe gµikp dh ekor[ikoh okPNoh

n";s Bkb'A uµrh j?. ;koDh 45L okPNoh n";s

ns/ j'o u'Dt/A okiK d/ w[ekpb/ ;kXB L ;e{b

f;Zfynk ftGkr, gzikp gµikp ft¤u e[Zb dkybk nB[gks t¤v/ okiK fit/A r[ioks ns/

nKXok gqd/P Bkb'A t¤X j?. ;koDh 45 L gzikp ns/ d{;o/ u'Dt/A okiK ftu f;Zfynk d/ tZy^tZy gZXoK s/ e[Zb dkybk nB[gks

;kXB L T[u/oh f;Zfynk s/ vhHnkJhHn?Z;HJhH fog'N ekov (2017^18) ns/ ;op^Gkosh ;ot/yD^T[u/oh f;Zfynk ftGkr

2005^06

2017^18

2005^06

2017^18

2013^14

2017^18

2013^14

2017^18

2010^11

2017^18

gzikp 65H34 96H2 54H96 94H98 86H39 88H93 71H79 70H58 19H4 30H3Gkos 103H77 94H21 59H17 90H9 76H64 79H38 52H21 56H5 19H4 25H8nkXok gqd/P 96H84 85H59 74H32 83H94 75H2 79H26 60H3 47H25 28H4 30H9r[ioks 100H3 94H62 49H91 94H58 74H5 77H06 48H51 46H46 21H3 20H1jfonkDk 57H9 97H93 41H45 96H69 86H21 92H91 69H55 59H44 24H1 28H7e/obk 76H16 95H27 77H14 93H42 102H51 97H44 87H58 79H09 21H9 36H2wjkokPNo 96H82 97H35 80H74 98H17 85H58 92H67 58H77 71H2 27H6 31H1skfwbBkv{ 118H58 97H82 106H4

684H61 92H5 86H92 75H87 82H49 32H9 48H6

gqsh;as ftZu jkfJnogqkfJwoh ngo gqkfJwoh ;ze?voh jkJh ;ze?voh

ihHJhHnko n?BHJhHnko

gqkfJwoh 93H6 89 ngo gqkfJwoh 91H5 85H2 ;ze?voh 92H8 55H9

jkJh ;ze?voh 76H2 44H3

368

f;¤fynk d/ ftneshrs g¤XoK ƒ t/yd/ j'J/ gµikp fJ; d/ gqkfJwoh ns/ ngo gqkfJwoh g¤Xo s/

fJ; dh e[Zb dkybk nB[gks ftu t¤vk ;[Xko ftykT[D ftu ;cb fojk j?. 12 ;kbK d/ ;w/A d"okB

(2005^ 06 ns/ 2017^18 d"okB) oki B/ e[Zb dkybk doK ƒ tXkfJnk j? sK i' 100 gqshPs d/

Nhu/ d/ B/V/ gj[µfunk ik ;e/. ;?eµvoh ns/ jkfJo ;?eµvoh g¤Xo s/ gµikp dk e[Zb dkybk do

(2017^18 bJh) brGr T[;/ w[¤b *s/ ekfJw j?. jkfJo n?i{e/PB (T[u/oh f;¤fynk) d/ g¤Xo s/

gµikp B/ fgSb/ 8 ;kbK d"okB wj¤stg{oD ;[Xko ftykfJnk j?, e[Zb dkybk do 19H4 gqshPs s'A

tX e/ 30H3 gqshPs j'fJnk j?. ;w[¤u/ s"o s/ gµikp ft¤u e[Zb dkybk do ftu tkXk j'fJnk j?.

gµikp ftu ;[ZX dkybk do, 2016^17 bJh nB[wkBK nB[;ko f;¤fynk d/ gqkfJwoh s'A ;?eµvoh

g¤Xoh bJh okPNoh n";s d/ pokpo fojk j? (;koDh^46). ;a[X dkybk do, dkyb/ bJh T[wo ƒ

n?vi;N eoB tkbk wkg j? i' fe dkybk nB[gksK dk tX/o/ uµrk nB[wkB wµfBnk iKdk j? feT[Afe

fJj fJ; s¤E ƒ t/ydk j? fe ftfdnkoEh ƒ T[; dh T[wo d/ fj;kp Bkb T[fus ebk; ftu dkyb

ehsk frnk j? iK BjhA. gµikp f;¤fynk d/ ;ko/ g¤XoK T[¤s/ fJ; dh ;a[X dkybk do ƒ fpjso

eoB ft¤u ;woE fojk j? ns/ fJ; ƒ okPNoh n";s d/ B/V/ b? e/ nkfJnk j?. e[Zb dkybk do

ftu o[MkBK Bkb w/b yKd/ j'J/ gqkJhwoh ns/ ;?eµvoh g¤XoK s/ ;a[X dkybk do 100 gqshPs Nhu/ ƒ

gqkgs eoB d/ B/V/ tfXnk j?. ;kb 2018^19 bJh nB[wkB do;kT[Ad/ jB (;koDh^44) fe Nhu/ ƒ

gqkgs eoB tb oki dh ;[ZX dkybk do ftu j'o ;[Xko nkfJnk j?.

;koDh 46L gzikp ftu d{;o/ u'Dt/A okiK ftu f;Zfynk d/ tZy^tZy gZXoK s/ ;w[Zuh n?ZBHJhHnkoH(# ftZu)

oki gqkfJwoh ngo gqkfJwoh ;ze?voh jkJh ;ze?voh

2005^06

2017^18

2005^06

2017^18

2013^14

2017^18

2013^14

2017^18

gzikp 51H78 78H21 37H68 66H65 47H48 50H37 37H86 39H43 Gkos 84H53 82H53 43H14 72H62 45H63 52H14 30H43 32H6 nkXok gqd/P 75H28 70H33 53H02 60H89 43H56 48H4 37H58 28H95 r[ioks 78H89 82H52 36H64 70H99 44H88 49H07 28H42 29H51 jfonkDk 38H08 77H55 20H29 72H78 46H2 54H8 36H37 32H27 e/obk ^ 86H45 58H53 80H01 73H79 74H88 57H51 60H88 wjkokPNo ^ 86H38 57H09 79H42 56H27 62H52 35H61 44H74 skfwbBkv{ 93H92 85H95 77H27 69H26 61H59 62H38 51H35 56H87

B'NL (^ do;kT[dk j? fe vkNk T[gbZpX Bjh j?) ;kXB L T[u/oh f;Zfynk s/ vhHnkJhHn?Z;HJhH fog'N ekov (;pzXs ;kbk bJh)

;e{b SZvD dh do

;koDh 47L gzikp ftu tZy^tZy f;ZfynK gZXoK s/ ;e{b SZvD dh do (2018^19)

369

gzikp ftZu f;Zfynk d/ tZy^tZy gZXoK yk;eo gqkfJwoh gZXo s/ ;e{b SZvD dhnK doK Bz{ xNkT[D ftZu tZvk ;[Xko nkfJnk j?. gqkfJwoh gZXo s/ gzikp ftZu ;e{B SZvD dhnK doK 2005^06 ftZu 8H9# s'A xZN e/ 2018^19 ftZu 1H5 gqshPs foj rJhnK jB. ;e{b SZvD dhnK doK ftfdnkoEhnK d/ nB[gks Bz{ wkgdk j? i'

ftZfdnk d/ fe;/ ftP/; gZXo Bz{ g{ok eoB ftZu n;cb j[zd/ jB iK nrb/ gZXo bJh dkybk Bjh b?Ad/. xZN ;e{b SZvD dhnK doK Bk f;oc pZfunK Bz{ ;e{b fbnkT[D ftZu, pbfe fJj th :ehBh pDkT[D ftZu T[E/ jh fNe e/ gVQB,i' gzikp ;oeko dh ;cbsk dk ;ze/s jB.oki dk T[d/; j? fe ;ko/ ftfdne gZXoK s/ ;e{b SZvD dhnK doK Bz{ f;co eo fdZsk ikt/.

okPNoh gZXo s/ o[MkBK Bkb s[bBk fJj do;kT[Adh j? fe gzikp ftu ;e{b SZvD dh do pj[s xZN j? fit/A fe ;koDh 48 ftu do;kfJnk j? e/tb jkfJo ;?ezvoh f;Zfynk gZXo s/ nfijk BjhA j?. fco th, gzikp Bz{ Iho' ;e[b SZvD dh do dk Nhuk jk;b eoB bJh fsnkoh eoBh gt/rh.

;koDh 48L gzikp ns/ d{;o/ u'Dt/A okiK ftu f;Zfynk d/ tZy^tZy gZXoK s/ ;w[ZuhnK ;e{b SZvD dhnK doK (2016^17)

B'NL ( ykbh EK do;kT[dk j? fe vkNk T[gbZpX Bjh j?) ;kXB L vhHnkJhHn?Z;HJhH fog'N ekov 2016^17

spdhbh dhnK doK

gzikp gfotosB doK do;kT[AdhnK jB fe tX/o/ ftfdnkoEh oki ftu f;Zfynk d/ nrb/o/ gZXo sZe gj[zud/ jB. 2018^19 sZe gqkfJwoh s'A nZgo gqkfJwoh gZXo bJhgfotosB do 95H9 gqshPs j? ns/ ngo gqkfJwoh s'A ;?ezvoh gZXo bJh 91H9 gqshPs j?. okPNoh n";s Bkb s[bBk fJj do;kT[Adh j? fe gzikp dh ekor[Ikoh tX/o/ uzrh j? (;koDh 49). ;oeko dk w[Zy fXnkB fwnkoh

gqsh;as ftZu gqkfJwoh ngo gqkfJwoh ;ze?voh jkJh ;ze?vohgzikp 2H8 2H9 8H6 6H0Gkos 6H4 5H7 19H9 6H0nkXok gqd/P 1H9 0H9r[ioks 1H0 6H5 24H1 6H6jfonkDk - 12H2 3H3e/obk 0H1 12H8 2H1wjkokPNo 0H7 1H2 11H3 2H9skfwbBkv{ 0H5 1H3 10H0 3H8

;e{b SZvD

dh do gqkfJwoh 1.5

ngo gqkfJwoh 2.3

;ze?voh 5.7

jkJh ;ze?voh 9

;kXB L ;e{b f;Zfynk ftGkr, gzikp

370

ftPt ftnkgh f;Zfynk w[jZJhnk eotkT[D s/ j'D ekoB tX/o/ ftfdnkoEh nkgDh gVQkJh ikoh oZyd/ jB.

;koDh 49 L gzikp ns/ d{;o/ u'Dt/A okiK ftu f;Zfynk d/ tZy^tZy gZXoK s/ ;w[ZuhnK gfotosB doK (2016^17)

B'NL ( ykbh EK do;kT[dk j? fe vkNk T[gbZpX Bjh j?) ;kXB L vhHnkJhHn?Z;HJhH fog'N ekov 2016^17

gzikp ftu gfotosB doK okPNoh n";s s'A tX/o/ ojhnK jB. yk; eoe/ ;?ezvoh s'A jkfJo ;?ezvoh dhnK gfotosB doK. fJ; dh g[PNh oki ftu T[Zu dkybk nB[gks ns/ xZN ;e{b SZvD dhnK doK eodhnK jB.

f;ZyD d/ Bshi/

gzikp B/ f;Zfynk d/ ;ko/ gZXoK yk; eoe/ w[ZYbh f;Zfynk (gqkfJwoh ns/ ngo gqkfJwoh) sZe gj[zu Bz{ :ehBh pDkT[D ftu pj[s ;[Xko ftykfJnk j?. tZy^tZy Bshik ;{ueK fit/A dkybk nB[gksK, gfotosB ns/ ;e{b SZvD dhnK doK *s/ oki dh ekor[Ikoh okPNoh n";s dh s[bBk ftu tX/o/ uzrh ojh j? yk; eoe/ gqkfJwoh gZXo s/.

gzikp gqkfJwoh ns/ ngo gqkfJwoh gZXo s/ 100 gqshPs e[Zb dkybk do gqkgs eoB d/ B/V/ j?. fJ; s'A nrKj tXd/ j'J/ fJj Io{oh j? fJe tko pZu/ i/eo ;e{b ftu dkybk b? b?Ad/ jB sK T[j f;ZyD. f;ZyD d/ sohe/ ftfdnkoEhnK dh e'o; ;wZroh Bz{ ;wMD dh ;woZEk Bz{ do;kT[Ad/ jB.

ftfdnkoEhnK d/ n;zs'yiBe f;ZyD d/ gZXoK yk; eoe/ ;e{b d/ gqkfJwoh gZXo s/ fJ; B{z rzGhosk Bkb b?Ad/ j'J/ fJe tZvk bofBzr n?BjK;w?AN gq'rokw (‘gVQ' gzikp gVQkU gzikp*) (gh gh gh gh) 2017 ftu iwks 1 s'A nZmthA iwks sZe ;ko/ ;oekoh ;e{bK ftu nkozG ehsk frnk sK i' ftfdnkoEh ;wK pZX Yzr Bkb T[wo ns/ rq/v d/ nB[;ko T[fus f;ZyD d/ gZXo jk;b eo ;eD. fBoXkos NhfunK dh s[bBk ftu gh gh gh gh gq'rokw okjhA 2018^19 d"okB f;ZyD ftZub/ ;[Xko, ;koDh 50 ftu do;kJ/ rJ/ jB.

;koDh 50 L gqkgs ehs/ rJ/ NhfunK dh Pq/Dh w[skpe gqshPssk (2018^19)

gqsh;as ftZu gqkfJwoh s'A ngo gqkfJwoh

n?bhw?Anoh s'A ;ze?voh

;ze?voh s'A jkJh ;ze?voh

gzikp 95H7 94H3 85H7Gkos 88H6 90H3 66H4nkXok gqd/P 97H2 97H8r[ioks 97H7 84H2 60H0jfonkDk 99H5 97H8 76H4e/obk 100H0 100H0 75H9wjkokPNo 99H2 98H5 83H5skfwbBkv{ 98H6 96H8 83H3

371

iwks p/;bkJhB Bshi/ (#)(nr;s

2018) fJwfsjkB s'A pknd Bshi/

(#)( cotoh 2019) soZeh (%)

gfjbh 16 82 66

d{ih 28 80 52 shih 35 77 42

u"Eh 37 76 39

gzith 48 82 34 e[Zb 35 79 44

;kXB L n?Z;H;hHJhHnkoHNhH, gzikp

gfjbh s'A gzithA iwks ftu tZy^tZy ftfPnK bJh Nhuk nXhB f;ZyD d/ gZXoK dk fBoXkoD ;e{b f;Zfynk ftGkr eodk j?. nr;s 2018 ftu T[go'es p/; bkJhB N?;N ftu gfjbh s'A gzithA iwks d/ ftfdnkoEhnK tZb'A gqkgs ehs/ NhfunK dh ;w[Zuh gqshPssk e/tb 35 gqshPs ;h fijVh fe gh gh gh gh sfjs tX e/ cotoh 2019 ftu n:'fiB n?Av bkJhB ftu 79 gqshPs j' rJh.

gh gh gh gh Bz{ 9thA ns/ 10thA iwks ftu th P[o{ ehsk frnk j? ns/ T[; s'A pknd fJ; dk ft;Eko 11thA ns/ 12thA iwks sZe ehsk frnk. ‘gV'Q gzikp gVQkU gzikp* gqki?eN dk gqGkt ;?PB 2018^19 d/ gzikp ;e{b f;Zfynk p'ov d/ BshfinK s'A ;gPN BIo nkT[Adk j?.(;koDh 51)

;koDh 51 L gV' gzikp gVkU gzikp Bshi/, gzikp ;e{b p'ov Bshi/ 2018^19

ftPk iwks p/;bkJhB (#) nzfsw bkJhB (#) soZeh (#)

fj;kp ngo gqkfJwoh

52H8 77H2 24H4 ftafrnkB 41H3 66H2 24H0 nzrq/Ih

(VI to VIII) 85 94 9

;wkfie f;fynk 48H2 69H7 21H5 fj;kp IX 37H5 74H3 36H2 fj;kp X 45 80 35 nzrq/Ih IX-X 48H8 68 19H2

;wkfie f;fynk IX-X 51H0 75H1 24H1

ftfrnkB IX 40H5 64H6 24H1 ftfrnkB X 41H9 67H1 25H2


;koDh 52 L gzikp ;e{b f;Zfynk p'ov d/ Bshi/ (2018^19)

iwks r?o ;oekoh ;e{b

;oekoh ;e{b

372

;oekoh ns/ gqkJht/N ;e{b d/ BshfinK dh s[bBk ftu ;oekoh ;e{bK d/ fwnko ftu ;[Xko do;kT[Adh j?.

(;koDh 52)


f;Zfynk dk YKuk

fJ; Gkr ftZu gzikp d/ f;Zfynk y/so d/ wkBth ;q'sK ns/ G"fse p[fBnkdh YKu/ pko/ rZb ehsh rJh j?.

gzikp tX/o/ eoe/ ;e{b p[fBnkdh YKuk ;{ueK s/ u'Nh d/ gqdoPB eoB tkfbnk ftZu'A fJZe j?. (;koDh 53) gzikp ftu fInkdkso ;e{bK (90 gqshPs s'A tZX) ftu w[ZYbhnK Io{osK fit/A fJwkos, ukodhtkoh, ghD dk gkDh, fpibh ns/ y/v d/ w?dkB T[gbZpX jB. brGr ;ko/ ;e{bK sZe gjz[u gZehnK ;VeK okjhA n;kB j?. gzikp B/ fJj :ehBh pDkT[D ftu th wjZstg{oB soZeh ehsh j? fe oki ftu ;e{bK ftu nkX[fBe seBkb'ihnK fit/A ezfgT{No nkfd th jB. oki d/ 3$4 ;e{bK ftu ezfgT{No jB id'A fe okPNoh gZXo s/ e/tb 29H57 gqshPs e'b ezfgT{No jB.

;koDh 53 L d{;o/ u'Dt/A okiK d/ Bkb^Bkb p[fBnkdh YKu/ Bkb ;pzXs ;{ueK s/ gzikp dh ekor[Ikoh (2017^18)

;kXB L vhHnkJhHn?Z;HJhH (2017^18)

T[fus G"fse p[fBnkdh YKu/ dh T[gbZpXsk f;ZyD ns/ ftek; gZyh wj"b f;oiD ftu ;jkfJsk eodh j?. gzikp B/ T[fus p[fBnkdh YKu/ dh T[gbZpXsk B{z :ehBh pDkT[D ftu wjZstg{oD soZeh ehsh j? fit/A ;koDh 54 ftZu do;kfJnk frnk j?.fJ; s'A fJbktk 2017^18 sZe gzikp ftu gqsh bZy nkpkdh fgS/ 33 ekbi ;B fiBQK ftu gqsh ekbi 576 n";s dkybk fojk. fJ; dh s[bBk ftu ;ot Gkosh gZXo s/ gqsh bZy npkdh fgS/ 28 ekbi jB.

;koDh 54 L gzikp ftu ftfdne ;z;EktK dh frDsh

2000 2010 2019

;e{bK dh gqshP;sk fiBQK ftZu

fJwkosK ukofdtkoh

jo w";w ftZu ;Ve d/ oKjh gjzu

gkDh dh ;[ftXk

fpibh dh ;[ftXk y/v w?dkB ezfgT{No

gzikp 99H9 98H0 99H6 99H7 99H6 89H4 75H6nkXok gqd/P 99H5 63H1 93H5 97H2 93H5 56H9 32H8

r[ioks 100H0 93H9 99H3 100H0 99H9 81H1 72H8jfonkDk 99H7 97H7 97H9 99H9 99H2 86H2 50H1e/obk 99H9 84H6 97H3 99H6 98H0 74H4 95H6

wjkokPNo 99H7 82H9 97H5 98H6 94H7 87H8 68H8skfwbBkv{ 100H0 81H7 98H6 99H2 99H6 78H8 58H5

Gkos 98H8 65H4 86H9 95H8 67H6 62H1 29H6

X 79H5# 88H2# XII 83H7# 88H1#

373

gqqkfJwoh / i{Bhno p/f;e ;e{b 13076 13950 13895

fwvb$;hBhno p/f;e ;e[b 2534 3792 5234

;hBhno ;ze?voh ;e{b 1189 NA 5159

:{Bhtof;Nh 5 6 16*

nkoNi, ;kfJz';, ekwo;,j'w ;kfJz; ekbi 204 234 276*

fJzihBhnfozr, N?eBkbih ns/ nkoehN?euo ekbi 16 84 103*

w?vheb ekbi 6 8 9*

jkJh$ g';N p/f;e ;e{b 2199 NA 4524

g'bhN/efBe ;z;EktK 20 86 136*

seBheh fJzv;Nhohnb nkoN n?Av eokcN ;e{b 119 112 349*

Nhuo Nq?fBzr ekbi 22 NA 186*

B'NL ( * do;kT[dk j? fe vkNk ;kb 2016 dk j?) ;kXB L ;e{b f;Zfynk ftGkr,gzikp ns/ noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB,gzikp

;kb 2019 bJh gzikp ftu ftfdnkoEh nfXnkge nB[gks gqkfJwoh gZXo s/ 21L1 ns/ ngo gqkfJwoh gZXo s/ 22L1 fojk fijVk fe sithi/ gZXoK (30L1) s'A tZX j?. f;fynk d/ ;?eNo ftu ;G s'A tZvk wB[Zyh p[fBnkdh YKuk nfXnkge jB. ftfdnkoEh nfXnkge nB[gks (gh Nh nko) nekdfwe ;kb d"okB ;e{b ftu gqsh nfXnkge ftfdnkoEhnK dh n";s frDsh dk wkg eodk j?.

nko Nh Jh n?eN fBoXkos eodk j? fe gh Nh nko gqkfJwoh ns/ ngo gqkfJwoh gZXo s/ eqwktko 30L1 ns/ 35L1 j'Dh ukjhdh j?. gzikp ftu brGr 80 gqshPs gqkfJwoh ;e{bK ftu ghNhnko 30L1 s'A xZN j? id'A fe e/tb 5H4 gqshPs ;e{b dh gh Nh nko 50 s'A tZX j?. ;ot Gkosh gZXo s/ 70 gqshPs gqkfJwoh ;e{b dh ghHNhHnkoH 30 s'A xZN j? ns/ 11H4 gqshPs ;e{bK dh gh Nh nko 40 s'A tZX j?. vhnkJhn?Z;Jh (2017^18) dk w[bKeD do;kT[Adk j? i' fe gzikp ftu 0H94 gqshPs ;e{b fJefjo/ nfXnkgB ;e{b jB fi; Bkb oki dk 29 okiK ftu u"Ek doik j?. gzikp ftu ;?ezvoh ns/ jkfJo ;?ezvoh gZXo s/ gh Nh nko eqwtko 12L1 ns/ 23L1 j?.

;e{bK dk gqdo;aB

f;¤yD T[¤s/ c'e; Bkb Bhsh nk:'r tb'A fte;s ehsk ;e{b f;Zfynk r[Dt¤sk fJµv?e;

(n?Z;HJhHfeT[HnkJhH) okiK ns/ e/Adoh^PkPs y/soK dh ;e{bh f;¤fynk ;?eNo ftu ekor[Ikoh dk

w[bKeD eodk j? . fJµv?e; dk we;d

okiK ns/ e/Adoh^PkPs y/soK ƒ ;[Xko

bJh nt;oK ns/ T[j y/so, fiBQK ftu

;oekoh dybnµdkih dh b'V j?, dh

PBkys bJh nt;o gqdkB eoBk j? .

fJµv?e; ftu d' P/DhnK ns/ 4 y/soK 0

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s/ T[gb¤pX j? .

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fe T[g Gkr f;Zfynk Bshi/ (bofBµr nkT[New) ftu uouk ehsh rJh ;h .

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1H nk¤BbkJhB ;e{b w?B/iw?AN f;;Nw “Jh gµikp ;e{b”

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ftu oki d/ ;ko/ ;e{bK ftu noµG ehsk ikt/rk .

7H fgSb/ fJe ;kb d"okB j/m fby/ ;k¤cNt/no nkoµG ehs/ rJ/ jB .

▪ nk¤BbkJhB bht w?B/iw?AN f;;Nw

▪ nk¤BbkJhB J/ ;h nko ;pfwPB

▪ eowukohnK dh nB[;kPBh ekotkJh dh nkBbkJhB Nq?feµr

▪ nk¤BbkJhB w?vheb fpb ns/ ;oft; p[¤e

▪ ;e{bK s'A e'Jh vke BjhA fJeZmh ehsh ik ojh

▪ fwv^v/ whb ofi;No ysw eo fdZsk frnk j?

▪ ;oft; ftu tkX/ dh nk¤BbkJhB gqtkBrh

▪ nkZBbkJhB g?BPB dh gotkBrh

▪ ftfdnkoEhnK dk nk¤BbkJhB w[bKeD

▪ ftfdnkoEhnK dh nk¤BbkJhB jkIoh

GoshnK

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n?b J/ n?Z; ns/ 156 nfXnkgeK dh Gosh ehsh rJh. ;kb 2018^19 d"okB Pq/Dh 4 d/ 129

nfXnkgeK dh Gosh ehsh rJh. 161 JhHNhHNh nfXnkge (103 ngkji ns/ 58 ;[szsosk

;?BkBh dk p?ebkr) dh Gosh ;kb 2019^20 ftu ehsh rJh. jkb jh ftu ;e{b f;fynk ftGkr

B/ 3582 wk;No ekvo nfXnkge Gosh ehs/ ns/ T[BQK ftu'A fInkdkso dh s?Bksh nµfwqs;o,

r[odk;g[o, fco'Ig[o, ckfIbek, soBskoB ns/ gmkBe'N fIfbnK ftu ehsh rJh.

o?PBbkJhI/PB gkfb;h

;kbK d"okB ;e{bK ftu dkyb/ dh fGµBsk ekoD ;w/A ;w/A s/ nfXnkgeK dh s?Bksh dh ;whfynk ehsh ikDh Io{oh j? sK i' nfXnkgeK dhnK ;/tktK dk tX s'A tX bkG fbnk ik ;e/ . ftGkr tb'A nfXnkgeK dh s?Bksh bJh o?PBbkJhI/PB gkfb;h dh sIthI oyh rJh ns/ fJ; ƒ 2^1^2019 dh whNhµr ftu ;h n?w n?w tb'A gqtkBrh gqkgs j' rJh j? . o?PBbkJhI/PB gkfb;h www.ssapunjab.orgs/ T[gbp¤X j? .

nfXnkge pdbhnK Bhsh

wB[Zyh ;q's dh s?Bksh tXhnk, T[fus ns/ gkodoPh Yzr Bkb eoB ns/ ftfdnkoEhnK d/ nekdfwe fjZsK dh ;[oZfynk ns/ f;Zfynk ftGkr d/ eowukohnK ftueko ezw dh ;zs[PNh B{z tZXkT[D d/ wzst Bkb gkfb;h fsnko ehsh rJh ns/ ;oeko ns/ e?pfBN s'A gotkBs eotkJh rJh. nfXnkgeK dh nkZBbkJhB NoK;co eoB bJh ;kZcNt/no fsnko ehsk frnk j?. NoK;co gkfb;h bkr{ ehsh rJh j? ns/ 2019^20 ftu NoK;coK bJh nkZBbkJhB fpB?^gZsoK dh wzr ehsh rJh j?. fJ; ;kb gkfb;h nB[;ko nfXnkgeK dhnK nkZBbkJhB NoK;coK ehshnK rJhnK. NoK;co gkfb;h www.ssapunjab.org*s/ T[gbZpX j?.

nfXnkgeK dk fB:fwseoD

t¤y^t¤y ;[;kfJNhnK sfjs eµw eo oj/ brGr 9000 nfXnkgeK dk fB:fwseoD ehsk frnk.

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j?.

;e{bK dh doikpµdh

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;koDh 56 L ;e{bK dh doikpµdh bJh g?okwhNo

;w¤ro f;Zfynk nfGnkB

;kb 2018^19 s'A e/Ado tb'A gq:'is ;ehwK fit/A fe ;ot f;Zfynk nfGnkB, okPNoh

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;ehw ‘;w¤ro f;Zfynk nfGnkB* ti'A pDk fd¤sk frnk j?. fJ; ;ehw dk wµst ;e{b se gj[µu,

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fJ; ;ehw s/ fXnkB fd¤s/ ikD tkb/ y/soK ftu'A jB. ;kb 2019^20 d"okB d' BthnK ;ehwK

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nXhB ehshnK ikD tkbhnK e[M rshftXhnK ftu j/m fdshnK jB

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ƒ w[cs todhnK.

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fB:fws ;e{bK ftu gVQ ;eD.

4H ;oekoh gqkfJwoh, fwvb, jkJh ns/ ;hBhno ;?eµvoh ;e{bK ftu 3800 ;wkoN ebk;o{w

;Ekgs ehs/ ik oj/ jB.

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. fJ; ;ehw sfjs ;kb 2019^20 bJh 58 b¤y o[gJ/ d/ piN T[gpµX dh sIthI oyh rJh j? .

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e/Ado tb'A gq:'is (60L40) ;ehw nko :{ n?Z; J/ T[u/oh f;Zfynk d/ fwnko ftu ;[Xko

fbnkT[D dk ;[gBk t/ydh j? . fJ; ;ehw d/ d{i/ gVQkn sfjs gµikp ƒ 174 eo'V o[gJ/ fd¤s/ rJ/

jB . rqKN d/ t/ot/ j/mK nB[;ko jBL^

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e'oB?b :{Bhtof;Nh ns/ ;kT{E cb'fovk :{Bhtof;Nh, :{Hn?Z;HJ/H d/ ;fj:'r Bkb T[¤dw ns/

o[Irko jZp ;Ekgs eo/rk .

2H gµikph :{Bhtof;Nh gfNnkbk ƒ oh;ou, fJB't/PB ns/ r[Dt¤sk ;[Xko bJh 50 eo'V

o[gJ/ gqtkB ehs/ rJ/ jB :{Bhtof;Nh ckowkf;T[Nheb, cµePBb c{vI, B?B'N?eB'b'ih, pkfJU

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oh;ou eoB dh sithi oyh j? .

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y'fbQnk ik fojk j? .

4H ih n?B vh :{ nµfwqs;o tb'A ehs/ ikD tkb/ c?ebNh ;[Xko gq'rokwK bJh 7 eo'V o[gJ/

gqtkB ehs/ rJ/ jB .

Bt/A ekbiK dk fBowkD

T[u/oh f;¤fynk se gj[µu :'rsk tXkT[D bJh ;oeko B/ 27 fvroh ekbi gµikp dhnK t¤y

t¤y ;p^fvthIBK ftu y'bQD dh sIthI oyh j?. fJzBQK 27 ekbiK ftZu'A 11 dh T[;koh bJh 32^50

eo'V o[gJ/ ikoh ehs/ jB .

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r[o{ BkBe d/t :{Bhtof;Nh, nµfwqs;o ns/ gµikph :{Bhtof;Nh gfNnkbk dhnK bkfJpq/ohnK dh

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dh x'PDk dh gkbDk ftu 10 eo'V o[gJ/ d/ T[gpµX ƒ gqtkBrh fd¤sh rJh j? .

seBheh f;Zfynk

w[¤y wµsoh tIhck ;ehw

fJj ;ehw ;oekoh g'fbN?ZefBe ekbiK ftu gVQ

oj/ j'Djko ftfdnkoEhnK d/ bkG bJh bkr{ eoB ehsk

rJh j? fJ; d/ Bshi/ ti'A g"bhN?efBe ekbi j'Djko

ftfdnkoEh nkeofPs eoB ftu ekw:kp j'J/ jB ns/

dk\bk ;fEsh brGr 39 gqshPs fpjso j'Jh j? .

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seBheh f;Zfynk ns/ T[d:'fre f;ybkJh ftGkr ns/ fobkfJz; ihT[ fJBc'e'w fbwfNv

ftueko fJeokoBkwk ehsk frnk j? sK i' ;oeko tb'A ubkJ/ rJ/ fJµiBhnfoµr ekbi, ;oekoh

g'bhN?efBe ekbi ns/ ;oekoh T[d:'fre f;ybkJh ;µ;EktK d/ e?Ag;K ftu w[cs tkJh ckJh

;j{bs fd¤sh ik ;e/.

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Pqh uwe"o ;kfjp fty/ 42 J/eV IwhB dh ofi;Nq/PB s'A pknd Pqh r[o{ r'fpµd f;µx

fJµ;NhfuT{N nk| ;febI dk T[dxkNB wkD:'r w[¤y wµsoh gµikp B/ 6 wkou 2019 ƒ ehsk.

nkJh nkJh Nh o{gBro ƒ eµ;bN?AN ti'A feokJ/ s / b?D dh gqfeqnk nkJh e/ ih gh Nh :{ eg{oEbk

tb'A nkoµG ehsh rJh j?.

b?p'oNohnK ;Ekgs eoBk

ftd/PK ftu gb/;w?AN eoB ns/ gµikp d/ B"itkBK d/ ;zuko gqfsGk ft¤u ;[Xko eoB bJh

gfNnkbk, b[fXnkDk, pfmµvk ns/ ibµXo fty/ jo/e b?p ftu 100 T[whdtkoK dh ;bkBk ;woZEk

tkbhnK 4 b?p'oNohnK ;Ekgs eoB dh sithI ouh rJh j?. fJj ekoi fpqfNP ekT{A;b d/

;fj:'r Bkb ehsk ikt/rk.

T[d:'fre f;ybkJh ;µ;EktK (nkJh Nh nkJh) dh ;Ekgsh

;oeko 15 eo'V o[gJ/ d/ nkoµGe you Bkb 15 BthnK T[d:'fre f;ybkJh ;µ;EktK

(nkJh Nh nkJh) ƒ ;Ekgs eoB dh :'iBk o¤ydh j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk, ;oekoh T[d:'fre

f;ybkJh ;µ;Ek o'gV ƒ wkvb nkJh Nh nkJh ft¤u ns/ ;oekoh g'fbN?efBe ƒ ntb doi/ d/

e/Ado ftu ngrq/v eoB dh sithI j?. fJ; d/ Bkb jh fifbQnK ftu fi¤E/ e'Jh ;oekoh

tIhc/ ekoB pj[^seBheh ekbIK ftZu 39# dkyb/ ftZu

tkXk j'fJnk.

383

g'bhN?efBe w"i{d BjhA j? Bt/A ;oekoh g'bhN?efBe ;Ekgs eoB dh sithI o¤yh rJh j? ns/

fJ;/ bJh 2019^20 bJh piN ftu 7 eo'V o[gJ/ dk T[gpµX ehsk frnk j?.

6H5 n"osK dk P;esheoB

fe;/ th noEftt;Ek d/ ;µs[fbs ftek; bJh ;wki ftu n"os P;esheoB ehs/ ikD dh b'V

jz[dh j?. fJfsjk;e g¤y' n"os ƒ ihtB d/ ;ko/ y/soK ftu f;¤fynk s'A b? e/ f;js ;µGkb, xo/b{

c?;b/ s'A o[Irko s¤e ftseo/ dk fPeko j'Dk fgnk j? ns/ fJµBh so¤eh d/ pkti{d n"osK ƒ ni/

th ‘ewi'o fbzr* ;w[¤u/ ftPt ft¤u ewi'o fbzr jh fejk iKdk j?. fJj ;wM/ ikD dh b'V j? fe

pokposk dk doik dk e/tb fJe ;cb wB[¤yh nfXeko ;r'A ;fEo ftek; bJh th fJj io{oh

j?. n?Z; vh ih 5 fi; dk we;d ‘fbµr ;wkBsk* ns/ ;kohnK n"osK ns/ e[VhnK dh nfXekosk

j? fJ; r¤b s/ I'o fdµdk j? fe n"osK ƒ ;µ;ko ft¤u T[BQK dk T[fus ;EkB fd¤sk ikt/. Gkos d/

fInkdkso oki Bhsh n:'r d/ n?Z; vh ih fJµv?e; T[¤s/ n?Z; vh ih 5 bJh gqkgsh bJh nk;tzd

Pq/Dh ftu nkT[Ad/ jB. e/tb e/ob ns/ f;¤ew jh nfij/ i' oki jB i' fpjso ekor[ikoh tkbh

Pq/Dh ftu jB.

fuZsoL 106 gzikp d/ fifbQnK ftZu fbzr nB[gks

gµikp ezfBnk Go{D j¤fsnk ns/ Go[D j¤fsnk dhnK tX/o/ xNBktK ns/ n"osK gqsh ftseo/ d/ eJh j'o o{gK gqsh gfjbK fBPkB/ s/ fojk j?. n?go j[D gzikp B/ n"os nfXekoDkeoD ftu pj[s gqrsh ehsh j?. ezfBnk Go{D j¤fsnk ƒ o'eD bJh p/p/ BkBeh bkvbh p/Nh efbnkD

;ehw ;kb 2011^12 s'A oki ftu bkr{ ehsh ik ojh j?. ;ehw gfotkoK ƒ ft¤sh ;jkfJsk w[j¤Jhnk eotk ojh j? sK i' e[VhnK d/ gkbD^g'PD ftu ‘ft¤sh p'M* e'Jh fuµsk dk ekoD Bk oj/. fit/A fe nfXnkfJ 1 ftu ftykfJnk frnk j?, gµikp B/ 2005^07 ns/ 2015^17 ftu fbµr nB[gks ftu ;G s'A tX ;[Xko ftykfJnk j?. oki ft¤u fbµr nB[gks okPNoh n";s d/ pokpo j?. fco th fibQktko nµso ni/ th w"i{d j? i' fe pfmµvk ftu 868 s'A j[fPnkog[o ftu 961 se j? fit/A fe fu¤so 106 ftu do;kfJnk frnk j?.

n"osK bJh f;Zfyne ;{ue

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384

(g/Av{ n"osK 65H8 gqshPs ns/ Pfjoh n"osK 79H2 gqshPs) i' fe 64H7 gqshPs dh okPNoh n";s s'A pj[s tX j?. fco th okPNoh o[MkBK d/ w/b ftu n"osK dh ;kyosk do wodK Bkb'A x¤N jh ofj ojh j?. ;kyosk doK ft¤u fbµrtko coe 9H7 gqshPs ;h fit/A fe 2011 dh wodwP[wkoh ftu doi ehsk frnk. fco th gµikp B/ n"osK ftu ;kyosk ƒ tXkT[D ftu wj¤stg{oD so¤eh ehsh j?. 2001 ns/ 2011 ft¤u n"osK dh ;k\osk do 63H5 gqshPs s'A tX e/ skik nB[wkB nB[;ko 70H7 gqshPs j'Jh fi; Bkb fbµr nµso 11H9 gqshPs s'A x¤N e/ 9H7 j'fJnk.

fJ; rZb dk uzrh soQK gsk j? fe i/eo wod ƒ f;¤fynk fd¤sh iKdh j? sK T[j ;woZE pDdk j? go i/eo fJ¤e n"os ƒ f; fyns ehsk iKdk j? sK ;ko/ gfotko ƒ ;wo¤E pDkT[Adh j?. n"osK bJh pokposk ƒ :ehBh pDkT[D ft¤u gfjbk edw T[BQK ƒ f;¤fynk s¤e gj[µu w[j¤Jhnk eotkT[D ns/ fJj :ehBh pDkT[Dk fe n"osK ;e{bK ns/ ekbiK ftu nkT[D. ;kyosk doK s'A fJbktk o;wh f;¤fynk ;wki ftu n"os d/ o[sp/ iK ;fEsh ƒ ;[XkoB ftu wj¤stg{oD G{fwek fBGkT[Adh j?. okPNoh o[MkBK ƒ ;kjwD/ o¤yd/ j'J/ fJj t/yD ƒ fwbdk j? fe n"osK dh ;e{bh gVQkJh wodK bJh whvhnB ;kbK s'A brksko x¤N j? fit/A fe fu¤so 107 ftu do;kfJnk frnk j?. fco th, ;kb do ;kb pj[s so¤eh ehsh rJh j?. gµikph n"osK bJh ;{ebh gVQkJh d/ whvhnB ;kbK ft¤u ;[Xko nkfJnk j? i' fe 2005^06 ftu 4H4 ;kbK s'A tX e/ 2015^16 ftu 6H5 ;kb j'fJnk, fi; Bkb fbµr nµso x¤N e/ 1H3 ;kb j'fJnk.

;koDh 57L fbzr nB[;ko gµikp ft¤u ih Jh nko ns/ n?B Jh nko (2018^19)

;kXBL ;e{b f;fynk ftGkr,gzikp

gµikp ft¤u n"osK bJh e[Zb dkybk do ns/ ;[ZX dkybk do f;¤fynk d/ ;ko/ g¤XoK s/ wodK Bkb'A

tX fojk j? fit/A fe ;koDh 57 ftu do;kfJnk frnk j?.

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;op Gkosh g¤Xo s/ n"osK dh e[Zb dkybk do ns/ ;[ZX dkybk do s'A tX/o/ j?.fJj gµikp ftu

f;¤fynk d/ ;ko/ g¤XoK s/ n"osK d/ :ehBh dkyb/ ftu j'Jh so¤eh ƒ do;kT[Adk j?. fJ; s'A

fJbktk fbzr ;wkBsk ;{ue (i?Avo g?foNh fJµv?e;) (ih gh nkJh) i' fe n"os dh e[Zb dkybk do

dk wod dh e[Zb dkybk do Bkb nB[gks do;kT[Adk j?, f;¤fynk d/ ;ko/ g¤XoK s/ 1 s'A t¤X j?.

gqshPs ftZu(#) wod n"os

ihHJhHnko

gqkfJwoh 91.1 96.9

ngo gqkfJwoh 86.4 98.6

;ze?voh 89.3 97.4

jkJh ;ze?voh 73.9 79.1

n?BHJhHnko

gqkfJwoh 86 92.9

ngo gqkfJwoh 79.6 93

;ze?voh 50.7 61

jkJh ;ze?voh 40.5 49.2


385

okPNoh o[MkBK dh s[bBk ftu gµikp ftu fbzr ;wkBsk ;{ue ;op Gkosh g¤Xo s/ tX iK pokpo

j? (;koDh 59)

;koDh 58 L fbzr nB[;ko gzikp ns/ Gkos d/ f;fynk d/ jo gZXo ftZu ihHJhHnko ns/ n?BHJhHnko

(2017^18)

;kXB L T[u/oh f;Zfynk s/ vhHnkJhHn?Z;HJhH fog'N ekov (2017^18) ns/ ;op^Gkosh ;ot/yD^T[u/oh f;Zfynk ftGkr

;koDh 59 L f;fynk d/ jo gZXo ftZu fbzr ;wkBsk (2016^17)

gzikp e[VhnK B{z ;e{b ftu Bk e/tb nkT[D bJh, ;r'A T[BQK dk ;e{bK ftu fBozso ofjD th

:ehBh pDkT[D ftu ;|b fojk j?. gzikp ftu gqkJhwoh s'A jkfJo^;?ezvoh sZe, f;Zfynk d/ ;ko/

gZXoK bJh bVehnK dh ;e{b SZvD dh do bVfenK Bkb'A xZN j?. f;Zfynk dk gZXo tXD d/ Bkb

fJj nzso tX/o/ wjZstg{oB j' iKd/ jB. gqkfJwoh gZXo s/ bVfenK dk vokg^nkT{N do

bVehnK d/ 1H4 d/ w[ekpb/ 1H5 j? i' fe 0H1 d/ nzso B{z do;kT[Adk j?. fJ; d/ w[ekpb/ jkfJo

;?ezvoh gZXo s/ bVfenK dk vokg^nkT{N do 9H87 j? id'A fe bVehnK bJh fJj 8H5 j? noEks

1H82 dk nzso j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk, fJ; rZb B{z

:ehBh pDkT[D bJh fe T[Zu f;Zfynk gZXoK s/ th

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

gzikp 97.1 99.3 93.7 101.4 86.9 91.3 71.1 72.7 27.6 33.6

Gkos 94 95.4 86.9 95.9 78.5 80.6 54.9 57 26.3 25.4

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

gzikp 80.36 82 69.33 73.1 49.48 55 40.58 43.2

Gkos 82.43 83.7 69.49 76.7 51.05 53.2 30.53 33.1

gqkfJwoh ngo gqkfJwoh

ihHJhHnkogqkfJwoh ngo gqkfJwoh ;ze?voh jkJh ;ze?voh jkJhno

n?BHJhHnko;ze?voh jkJh ;ze?voh

gqkfJwoh ngo gqkfJwoh ;ze?voh jkJh ;ze?voh jkJhnon?i[e/PB*

gzikp 1.05 1.10 1.01 1.00 1.22

Gkos 1.02 1.10 1.02 1.02 0.97

*- Data for GPI for higher education is for 2017-18

;kXB L vhHnkJhHn?Z;HJhH ns/ J/HnkJhHn?;Hn?uHJh

f;ybkJh ns/ BshfinK ;{ueK s/ e[VhnK dk w[zfvnK Bkb'A fpjso ekor[Ikoh ojh j?

386

bVehnK dh f;Zfynk ikoh oj/, fJ; bJh gzikp ;oeko B/ wkJh Gkr' ftfdnk ;ehw P[o{ ehsh j?.

2,22,000 bkGgksohnK B{z eto eoB bJh ;kb 2019^20 d"okB, 60 eo'V o[gJ/ dk piN gqpzX

ehsk frnk j?. ;ehw nXhB 9th s'A 12th ;q/Dh sZe dhnK bVehnK B{z ;kJheb gqdkB ehs/ jB sK

i' bVehnK dh f;Zfynk ftu nktkikJh ns/ ;|o youk ;wZf;nk Bk pD/. gqkJhwoh s'A nZgo

gqkJhwoh sZe, gfotosB do bVfenK Bkb'A tX/o/ j'D ekoB bVehnK ftu Bshi/ ti'A xZN ;e{b

SZvD dh do j? (bVe/ L 95H3 ns/ bVehnK L 96H5). f;ybkJh BshfinK ftu th gzikp ftu bVehnK dh fBozso fpjso ekor[Ikoh ojh j? L3,5,8 ns/ 10thA ;/qDhnK ftu, fit/A fe ;koDh 60 ftu do;kfJnk frnk j?, ;ko/ ftfPnK ftu bVfenK Bkb'A bVehnK dk gqdoPB fpjso j?. f;Zfynk dk gZXo tXD d/ Bkb^Bkb BzpoK ftub/ nzso ftu th tkXk jz[dk j?. n?go, rfDs ftu d'tK fbzrK dk w[ekpbsB sZe wkVk gqdoPB d/fynk ik ;edk j?. ;koDh 60 L e"wh gqkgsh ;ot/yD ftu gzikph ftfdnkoEhnK dk fbzr w[skpe doik

wod n"os

iwks 3 tksktoD 57 58

GkPk 63 64 fj;kp 56 56

iwks 5 tksktoD 51 52

GkPk 52 54 fj;kp 46 47

iwks 8

GkPk 52 56 fj;kp 31 32

ftfrnkB 37 37 ;wkfie f;fynk 34 35

iwks 10

fj;kp 32 34 ftfrnkB 34 36

;wkfie f;fynk 37 39 nzrq/ih 36 38

nkX[fBe Gkosh GkPk 48 52 ;kXB L B?PBb nuhtw?AN ;ot/yD, 2017

n"osK d/ f;js bJh ;{ue

f;js ;zGkb d/ y/so ftu gzikp w'joh fojk j??, fJj rZb, gzikp oki ftubh T[Zu T[wo nk; s'A gsk bZrdh j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk gzikp ftu n"osK dh T[wo nk; e"wh gZXo s/ n"osK dh T[wo nk; Bkb'A wjZstg{oB o{g ftu tX/o/ j?. ;kb 2010^14 d/ ;w/A bJh gzikph n"osK bJh T[wo nk; (iBw ;w/A) 73H8 ;kb ;h. id'A fe wodK bJh 69H7 ;kb ;h. fJ; dh s[bBk ftu n"osK bJh ;op Gkosh gZXo s/ T[wo nk; 69H6 ;kb ns/ wodk bJh 66H4 ;kb j?.

jkbKfe, iD/gk ;zGkb bJh ;{ue do;kT[Ad/ jB fe Gkt/A gzikp e"wh n";s Bkb'A T[go j? gozs{ fit/A fe T[go'es nB[;ko ftuko ehsk frnk j?, ni/ th d{;o/ tZv/ okiK Bkb'A fgZS/ j?. iD/gk w"s do, iD/gk f;js ;zGkb dk nkozGe ;{ue gzikp bJh e"wh n";s d/ 122 gqsh bZy iZuk iBwK d/ pokpo j?. e/obk tor/ okiK d/ w[ekpb/ 42 gqsh bZy iZuk iBwK dh iD/gk w"s do doi ehsh rJh j?.

387

fgZSb/ ;kbK ftu iD/gk w"s do ftubh Xhwh gqrsh B/ gzikp B{z fgZS/ SZv fdZsk j? id'A fe d{i/ okiK dh o|sko tX/o/ s/I j? fit/A fe ;koDh 39 ftu do;kfJnk frnk j?, gzikp B/ roGtsh wktK B{z pZuk izwD s'A gfjbK ;zGkb ftu e"wh gZXo Bkb'A tX/o/ soZeh ehsh j? ns/ fJ; rZb B{z :ehBh pDkfJnk j? fe iD/gk vkeNoh g/P/toK dh ;jkfJsk Bkb eotkfJnk iKdk j? gozs{ d{i/ okiK dh fpjso ekor[Ikoh do;kT[Adh j? fe gzikp bJh ni/ th ;[Xko dh rz[ikfJP j?. fco th BthnK wktK d/ T[Zu nB[gks tkbk gzikp d{;ok oki j? (91 gqshPs) i' ;ko/ okiK ftZu'A iD/g/ s'A pknd dh ;zGkb w[jZJhnk eotkT[Adk j?.

n"os nkpkdh d/ o[Irko fdqP dk t/otk L

Gkt/A n"osK dh f;Zfynk ns/ f;ybkJh ekoiK ftu wodK Bkb'A fpjso ekor[IkohnK jzdhnK jB, fJj T[BQK bJh o[Irko w"fenK ftu BIo BjhA nkT[Adk. e"wh o[MkBK d/ nB[e{b gzikp ftu n"osK dh feos nkpkdh nB[gks xZN j? ns/ wodK Bkb'A tX/o/ p/o[Irkoh do do;kT[AdhnK jB fit/A fe nfXnkfJ fJe ftu ftuko ehsk frnk j?. fJj ;fEsh w[ekpbsB gzikp ftu tX/o/ Xhwh j?. Bk e/tb gzikph n"osK dk feos nkpkdh nB[gks ns/ p/o[Irkoh do e"wh gZXo *s/ n"osK Bkb'A xZN j? pbfe oki ftu fJj nzso d'BK fbzrK ftu wjZstg{oB o{g ftu tX/o/ j?.

;koDh 61 d'jK fbzrK bJh o[irko ;fEsh s/ ukDBk gkT[Adh j? ns/ fJ; rZb B{z do;kT[Adh j? fe feos Pesh ftu n"osK dh fezBh wkVh gqshfBXsk j?. fJ; s'A, T[BQK dhnK :'rsktK ns/ f;ybkJh dh pokpoh dk gsk brdk j? i' fe w[ekpbsB wodK Bkb'A fpjso j? fit/A fe f;ybkJh BshfinK d[nkok do;kfJnk frnk j?. Pfjoh gzikp ftu ;fEsh tX/o/ rzGho j? fiZE/ n"osK dh p/o[Irkoh do d' r[DK Bkb'A th tX/o/ j? ns/ feos nkpkdh nB[gks wodK d/ 1$5 s'A th xZN j?.

;koDh 61 L gzikp ns/ Gkos ftu wodK ns/ n"osK bJh feos Gkrhdoh do ns/ p/o[Irkoh do, 2017^18

o[Irko ;?eNo ftu th n"osK fto[ZX fJj G/d^Gkt d't/A fbzrK d/ T[Ios nzso ftu ;gPN BIo nkT[Adk j?, ftP/P o{g ftu g/Av{ y/soK ftub/ ;EkJh sBykj do ekfwnK d/ o{g ftu. ngq?b s'A i{B 2018 d"okB o?r{bp ekwk n"osK B/ gzikp ftu wodK Bkb'A n";sB 6753 o[gJ/ xZN ewkJ/. fdbu;g rZb fJj j? fe fJ;/ ntXh d"okB Pfjoh gzikp ftu fB:fws sBykj do n"osK B/ wodK Bkb'A n";sB 1307H14 o[gJ/ tX/o/ ewkJ/. fJ; d/ w[ekpb/ ftu ;op Gkosh gZXo s/ ;EkJh

e[Zb g/Av{ Pfjoh

wod n"os wod n"os wod n"os

feos Gkrhdoh do gzikp 69.8 13.7 67.7 12.5 73.1 15.7

Gkos 71.2 22.0 72.0 23.7 69.3 18.2

p/o[Irkoh do gzikp 6.9 11.7 7.2 10.3 6.5 13.5

Gkos 6.1 5.6 5.7 3.8 6.9 10.8

;kXBL feos Pesh tesh ;ot/yD 2017^18

388

sBykj do n"osK B/ bZrGZr 4 jIko o[gJ/ xZN ewkJ/.fdjkVhdko ekfwnK bJh th (;oekoh ekoiK ftu Bk bZr/ ekw/) T[Ios nzso w"i{d jB yk; eoe/ g/Av{ y/soK ftu fdjksh gzikp ftu fdjkVhdko ekfwnK ti'A ezw eo ojhnK n"osK 102 o[gJ/ xZN ewk ojhnK jB id'A fe Pfjoh y/soK ftu 85H22 o[gJ/ xZN ewk ojhnK jB. gzikp ftu d't/A gqeko d/ o'Irko bJh fbzr T[Ios nzso Gkt/A tZvk j?, gozs{ g/Av{ y/soK ftub/ ;EkJh sBykj doK s'A f;tkJ/ ;op Gkosh gZXo s/ nzso xZN j?.

n"osK ftu ftZsh ;[szsosk ns/ T[dwheoB

ftZsh ;[szsosk ns/ T[dwheoB ;[ftXktK n"osK dh nfXekosk B{z :ehBh pDkT[D bJh wjZstg{oB j?. gzikp th e"wh o[MkBK Bkb w/b yKdk j? ns/ p?Ae ykfsnK ns/ iwQK oew ftu wodK d/ w[ekpb/ n"osK dh gqshfBXsk xZN j?. wkou, 2018 B{z gzikp ftu n"osK d/ ykfsnK dh frDsh e/tb 34H8 gqshPs ns/ ;{uhrs tgkoe p?eK ftu iwQK 33H7 gqshPs dhnK ftneshrs iwQKdkohnK d/ e"wh o[MkBK d/ pokpo ;B. fJj gqsZy j? fe, ;w[Zu/ d/P ftu n"osK dh ftZsh Pw{bhns d{o dk ;[gBk j?. T[Xwh G{fwektK ftu th n"osK dh gqshfBXsk xZN j?. gzikp ftu e"wh gZXo d/ 22 gqshPs d/ w[ekpb/ 20 gqshPs wkbeh ndko/ n"osK d[nkok ubkJ/ iKd/ jB. e"wh gZXo d/ o[MkBK Bkb s[bBk eofdnK g/Av{ gzikp ftu n"osK dk tZvk nB[gks (27 gqshPs) ;zgsh wkbeh dh gqshfBXsk eodk j? ns/ ;koDh 62 ftu do;kJ/ nB[;ko fJj Pfjoh y/soK ftu xZN j?.

T[dwh ekoiK dh ;Ekgsh bJh n"osK tk;s/ ftZsK gqsh gjz[u B{z w[Zy ;wZf;nk wzfBnk iKdk j?.g{zihrs fBt/P bJh n"osK Gkoh o{g ftu nkgD/ ftZsK T[go fBoGo jB. 6thA nkofEe rDBk (2013^14) d/ nB[wkBK w[skpe gzikp ftubh ;fEsh w[ekpbsB wkVh j?. n"osK dh wkbehns tkb/ 85 gqshPs ndko/ e"wh gZXo d/ 79 gqshPs d/ w[ekpb/ T[BQK d/ nkgD/ ftZsK d[nkok jh w[ezwb ehs/ rJ/ j[zd/ jB fit/A fe fuZso ^109 ftu do;kfJnk frnk j?. ftZs dk d{ik w[Zy ;o's, d{;ohnK J/iz;hnK s'A dkB$rqKNK jB. ;t?^ftZsK T[gobh fJj fBoGosk n"osK d/ ftZsK gqsh gj[zu ns/ / T[dwheoB nfXekosk ftub/ n;zgoesk B{z do;kT[Adh j?.

85.0% 79.1%

12.5% 14.6%

gzikp Gkos

nkgD/ ftZs bJh T[dwK s/ fBoGo n"osK dh gqshPs

;t?^ftZsj'oj'o J/iz;hnK tZb'A ndkfJrh iK dkB

fuZso 108 L ftZs d/ w[Zy ;q's d[nkok n"os T[dwhnK nXhB ndkfonk dk nB[gks, 2014

;kXBL6thA nkofEe rDBk, 2013^14(n?wHUHn?Z;HghHnkJh)

389

;koDh 62 L fbzr wkbeh nB[;ko wkbeh ndkfonK dh tzv (2014)

;kXB L 6thA nkofEe rDBk, 2013^14 (n?wHUHn?Z;HghHnkJh, Gkos ;oeko) n"osK dk |?;bk b?D dk nfXeko f;Zfynk o[Irko ns/ ftZsh s"o s/ n"osK B{z ;wkB nt;o gqdkB eoB s'A nZr/ iKfdnK fJj Io{oh j? fe n"osK B{z T[jBK d/ nkgD/ pko/ ns/ gfotko pko/ |?;b/ b?D bJh fezBk nfXfeqs ehsk frnk j?. fJfsjk;e s"o *s/ n"osK |?;bk ;[DB tkbhnK ojhnK jB, idfe |?;bk b?D ftu T[jBK dh e'Jh G{fwek BjhA ojh, pbfe T[jBK d/ nkgD/ Bkb ;pzXs w[ZfdnK s/ th T[jBK dh e'Jh G{fwek BjhA ojh. e"wh gZXo d/ o[MkBK d/ w[ekpb/ gzikp fJ; gZy s'A fpjso ekoi eo fojk j?. feT[Afe n?BHn?cHn?ZuHn?Z; ;ot/ 2015^16 d"okB fog'oN ehs/ nB[;ko n"osK dk fJe tZvk fjZ;k iK sk fBZih o{g ftu iK nkgD/ gshnK Bkb ;z:[es o{g ftu fwbe/ T[jBK dh f;js ns/ d{;o/ ;pzXs

w[ZfdnK pko/ |?;b/ b?AdhnK jB. fit/A fe fuZso 110 ftu d/fynk ik ;edk j?. fJ; ftu j'o Pkwb eofdnK gzikp ftu 75 gqshPs s'A tX/o/ n"osK tZb'A fJj fog'oN ehsk frnk j? fe T[j fJZebhnK ik nkgD/ gshnK Bkb ;KM/ o{g ftu |?;bk b?AdhnK jB fe T[jBK d/ gsh dh ewkJh B{z fet/A tofsnK ikDk j?. e"wh gZXo s/ 70 gqshPs n"osK fJ; d/ nB[e{b fog'oN eodhnK jB.

wod n"os n"os gqshP;sk wod n"os n"os gqshP;sk wod n"osn"os

gqshP;skgzikp 4199 1581 27% 7311 1347 16% 11510 2928 20%

Gkos 823609 258633 24% 583264 137485 19% 1406873 396118 22%

g/Av{ Pfjoh e[Zb

69H6 # gzikph n"osK fBZih o{g ftu iK nkgD/ gshnK Bkb ;z:[es o{g ftu fwbe/ T[jBK dh f;js ns/ d{;o/ xo/b{ w[ZfdnK pko/ |?;b/ b?AdhnK jB.id' fe okPNoh gZXo s/ fJj 63# j?.

74.5 73.4 74.663

16

84.2 74.7 81.969.6

9.9

nkgDhd/yGkb

xo/b{ t;s{nKdh finkdkso

yohd

gfotko ns/foPs/dkohftZu ikD

tkbhnK n"osK

;w{Zu/ fszB'Ac?;b/

fszBK c?;fbnKftZu'A e'Jh th

Bjh

gzikph n"osk dk nB[gks ;w{Zu/ Gko dhnK n"osK w[ekpb/ nkgD/ bJh ns/ xo?b{ c?;b/ b?D ftZu tZX j?.

Gkos gzikp

fuZso 109 L T[jBK n"osK dh gqshPssk fijVhnK nkw s"o s/ fJeZbhnK iK nkgD/ gsh Bkb ;KM// o{g ftu |?;b/ b?Adhnk jB

;kXB L n?BHn?cHn?ZuHn?Z;^2015^16

390

n"osK dh nfXekosk bJh tZy^tZy ;oekoh gfjb edwhnK

oki ftu n"osK B{z nfXekos eoB bJh ;oeko gqshpZX j? ns/ tZy^tZy ;ehwK fit/Afe fto'Xh fbzr nB[gks ftu ;[Xko bJh ikro{esk gq'rokw, feP'oh Pesh :'iBk, wkJh Gkr' ftfdnk ;ehw, p/Nh pukU p/Nh gVkU ;ehw ns/ oki ftu gzikp o'vt/I ns/ ghHnkoHNhH;hH dhnK pZ;K ftZu 60 ;kbK s''A T[go dh T[wo dhnK n"osK bJh fonkfJsh ;|o ;[ftXktK P[o{ ehshnK ik ojhnK jB.

g/Av{ n"osK B{z ;NobkJhbiv ehs/ ;?B/Noh g?vK dh tzv

gzikp Bk e/tb xZN fbzr nB[gks d/ gZy s''A ghVs j? pbfe wodK d/ w[ekpb/ n"osK dh f;js ;pzXh ;fEsh th mhe BjhA j?. ikro{esk iK ;q'sK dh ewh ekoB n"osK nkgDh f;js gqsh ikro{e BjhA jB. n"osK B{z T[jBK dh f;js gqsh ikro{e eoB dh rzGho iao{os j? ns/ T[jBk dh uzrh f;js ;zGkb bJh ;o'sK Bkb nfXfeqs eoBk iao{oh j?. g/Av{ n"osK B{z ;NobkJhiv ehs/ ;?B/Noh g?v tzvD bJh oki ;oeko B/ fJe ;ehw gqtkB ehsh j?. fJ; ;ehw nXhB 16 s''A 55 ;kb sZe dhnK ;kohnK n"osK B{z Pkwb ehsk frnk j?.

;kb 2018^19 bJh fJ; ;ehw nXhB 1H00 eo''V o[gJ/ dh oew gqtkB ehsh rJh ;h ns/ ;kb 2019^20 bJh 1H00 eo'V o[gJ/ d/ piN dk T[gpzX ehsk frnk j?.

n"osK dh xo/bP fjz;k s''A ;[oZFfynk n?eN, 2005

fbzr ;wkBsk fJe p[fBnkdh wBZ[yh nfXeko j? ns/ ;fEo ftek; bJh fJj nfs iao{oh j?.Nhuk 5 dk T[d/P G/d^Gkt d/ ;ko/ o{gK, nfjz;k ns/ B[e;kBdkfJe fttjkoK B{z ysw eoe/ fbzr ;wkBsk gqkgs eoB dk j? fi; ftu n"osK ns/ e[VhnK dhs;eoh, Pohoe P';D nkfd Pkwb jB. fJj n"osK gqsh p/fXnkBh ns/ xo/b{ ezw gqsh n"osK d/ wjZst gqsh ;Zdk fdzdh j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk fJj n"osK bJh okiBhfse, nkoFfEe ns/ iBse ihtB ftu |?;bk b?D d/ ;ko/ gZXoK s/ nrtkJh bJh w[ezwb ns/ gqGktekoh Pw{bhns ns/ ;wkB nt;oK bJh ;Zdk th fdzdh j?. ;opgZyh ftek; bJh PKsh, ;[oZfynk gqGktekoh oki gqpzX i' fe ekB{zB d/ oki ns/ ;wkBsk d/ f;XKs T[go nkXkfos j't/ ns/ wB[Zyh nfXeko ns/ fBnK pj[s iao{oh jB. MrV/ d/ uZeoftT[, bVkJh, fjz;k, ia[ow, P'PD ns/ ftek; s'A j'D tkb/ bkGK s/ p[ok gqGkt gkT[Ad/ jB. Nhuk 16 okPNoh ns/ nzso okPaNoh gZXo s/ ;kfonK bJh fBnK gqsh ;wkB gj[zu B{z :ehBh pDkT[D bJh fjz;k d/ ;ko/ o{gK B{z xZN eoB ns/ ekB{zBh oki T[Bs eoB gqsh e/Adfos j?. xo/b{ nfjz;k s'A n"osK dh ;[oZfynk n?eN 2005, ;zftXkB nXhB fdZs/ nfXekoK dh gqGktekoh ;[oZfynk bJh T[gkn w[jZJhnk eodk j?. fJj T[BQK n"osK bJh j? fijVhnK gfotko ftZu fe;/ th gqeko dh fjz;k s''A ghVs jB. oki :'iBk ;ehw, xo/b{ fjz;k n?eN 2005, ikro{esk gq'rokw nXhB ftGkr d/ oki ekB{zBh ;/tktK nEkfoNh, g[fb; ftGkr ns/ gzikp oki d/ ;ko/ fifbQnK ftu n"osK dh GbkJh d/ y/so ftu ezw eo ojhnK r?o ;oekoh ;zrmBK Bkb fwb e/ ikro{esk gq'rokw nk:'fis ehs/ jB. n?eN dh ikro{esk bJh fJBQK gq'rokwK ftZu g?AcfbN tzv/ rJ/ jB.Nhth ns/ o/fvU nkfd tor/ fpibJh whvhnk d[nkok ikro{esk w[fjzw th P[o{ ehsh rJh j?.

391

;kb 2018^19 bJh fJ; ;ehw nXhB 25H00 bZy o[gJ/ dh oew gqtkB ehsh rJh ;h. ;kb 2019^20 bJh 2H60 eo'V o[gJ/ dk piN T[gpzX th ehsk frnk .

oki ftZu gzikp o'vt/i ns/ gh nko Nh ; h dhnK pZ;K ftZu 60 ;kb s'A T[go T[wo dhnK n"osK bJh fonkfJsh ;|o ;[ftXk

oki ftZu 60 ;kb s''A T[go T[wo dhnK n"osK d/ nkT[D ikD bJh gzikp o'vt/i ns/ gh nko Nh ;h dhnK pZ;K ftZu nZX/ feokJ/ s/ fonkfJsh ;|o dh ;[ftXk w[jZJhnk eotkJh rJh j?. ;kb 2019^20 bJh 100H00 bZy o[gJ/ dk piN T[gpzX ehsk frnk ;h fi; ftu 7H73, 420 o[gJ/ you ehs/ ik u[Ze/ jB.

p/p/ BkBeh bkvbh p/Nh efbnkD ;ehw

oki ftZu fbzr nB[gks ftZu ;[Xko bJh ;kb 2011^12 s''A p/p/ BkBeh bkvbh p/Nh efbnkD ;ehw nwb ftZu fbnKdh ik ojh j?.fJ; ;ehw d/ w[Zy T[dP jB Go{D jZfsnk B{z ysw eoBk ns/ bVehnK B{z fpjso f;Zfynk w[jZJhnk eotkT[Dk. fJ; s''A fJbktk gfotkoK B{z ;w/A ;w/A s/ ftZsh ;jkfJsk th w[jZJhnk eotkJh ikt/rh sK i' T[j bVeh d/ iBw B{z nkgD/ T[go Gko Bk ;wMD. fJ; ;ehw nXhB 40H00 eo'V o[gJ/ dk piN T[gpzX sithia ehsk frnk j? sK i' ;kb 2019^20 nXhB 20,000 bkGgksohnK B{z Pkwb ehsk ik ;e/.

ekwhnK n"osK d/ pZfunK bJh e"wh eo?u ;ehw

pkb GbkJh e"A;b ns/ ;wki GbkJh ;bkjeko p'ov BK d/ n?B ih U tb''A eo?u ;ehw P[o{ ehsh rJh ;h i' fe eqwtko 102 ns/ 112 eo?u uZb oj/ jB. Gkos ;oeko dhnK jdkfJsK w[skpe ;kb 2018 s''A ;wki GbkJh ftGkr B/ fJBQK eo?uK dk ekoi Gko ;zGkfbnk j? ns/ j[D 216 eo?u ekoiPhb jB. fJ; ;ehw nXhB ;kb 2018^19 bJh 0H80 eo''V dk piN T[gpzX gqtkB ehsk frnk ;h fi; ftZu''A 0H67 eo''V o[gJ/ dh oew you ehsh ik u[Zeh j?. ;kb 2019^20 bJh 3H12 eo''V o[gJ/ dk piN T[gpzX ehsk frnk j?.

6H6 jkPhnkrq;s ;q/DhnK dh soZeh

gzikp d/P ftZu ;G s''A tZX nB[;{fus iksh nkpkdh d/ b'eK dk xo j?. 2011 dh iBrDBk w[skpe brGr fJe fsjkJh (31H94 gqshPs ) nkpkdh gzikp ftZu nB[;{fus ikshnK Bkb ;pzX oZydh j?. (fuso 110) i' w[Zy o{g ftu d/P ftu e[Zb nB[;{fus iksh t;''A dk 4 gqshPs j?. ;w[Zu/ d/P ftu nB[;{fus ikshnK Bkb G/d^Gkt ns/ d[o^fttjko j[zdk fojk j?. Gkosh ;zftXkB ;ko/ BkrfoeK B{z ;wkB ;wMdk j?. gqzs{ ;wkfie skDk pkDk fJfsjk;e s"o s/ nB[;{fus ikshnK ns/ nB[;{fus ephfbnK gqsh G/d^Gkt oZydk fojk j?. nkofEesk d/ ;fEo ftek; bJh fJj Io{oh j? fe ;kohnK

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392

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fuso 110Loki dh nkpkdh ftu nB[;{fus iksh nkpkdh dk fjZ;k

;kXBL^ Gkos dh iBrDBk 2011

gzikp ftZu nB[;{fus ikshnK dk f;Zfynk ns/ f;js gZXo

gzikp ftZu nB[;{fus ikshnK ftu ;kyosk do oki ftu e[b ;kyosk do s''A j/mK ojh j?, fJj ;fEsh e/Adoh gZXo s/ th t/yh ik ;edh j?. ;kb 2011 dh iBrDBk w[skpe nB[;{fus ikshnK bJh ;kyosk doK 64H8 gqshPs (wod 70H7 gqshPs ns/ n"osK 58H4 gqshPs) ;h. fJ; d/ w[ekpb/ oki dh e[Zb ;kyosk do 75H9 gqshPs (wod 80H5 gqshPs ns/ n"osK 70H7 gqshPs) ;h fi; Bkb jkPhnkrq;s ;w{jK ns/ d{;ohnK ;wkfie Pq/DhnK ftub/ p[fBnkdh ;kyosk gZXoK s/ nzso dk gsk bZrdk j?. fJj rZb gqsZy j? fe nB[;{fus ikshnK d/ wodK ns/ n"osK dh ;k\osk gZXoK ftu fbzr nzso gqsZy j?. gqzs{ fJj nzso e"wh gZXo Bkb''A xZN j?.

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T{wo gzikp Gkos

ftnesh wod n"os ftnesh wod n"os 7 ;kb ns/ tZX 64.8% 70.7% 58.4% 66.1% 75.2% 56.5%

15 ;kb ns/ tZX 59.4% 66.4% 51.8% 60.4% 71.6% 48.6% ;kXBL Gkos dh iBrDBk, 2011

oki nzdobhnK ;wkfie P/qDhnK ftueko n;wkBsk ;gPN j?. n?B n?c n?u n?; 2015^16 fJj do;kT[Adh j? fe 6 s''A 17 ;kb dh nB[;{fus iksh d/ 86H8 fjZ;/ B/ 2014^15 ftu ;e{b jkIo j'J/ id''A fe d{;ohnK ;q/DhnK Bkb ;pzXs 96 gqshPs nkpkdh ;e{b jkIo j'J/ (i' nB[;{fus ikshnK, nB[;{fus ephfbnK, iK j'ot/A gZSVhnK ;q/DhnK Bkb ;pzXs BjhA) nB[;{fus ikshnK ftueko f;Zfynk dh tX/o/ do fbnkT[D bJh nB[;{fus ikshnK (ns/ j'ot/A gZSVhnK ;q/DhnK) d/ ftfdne ftek; bJh tZy tZy tIhck okyt/A ehs/ ik oj/ jB.

;w[Zu/ d/P ftZu nB[;{fus ikshnK d/ w[ekpb/ f;js ns/ g'PD ;{ue fpjso Bshi/ T[ikro j[zd/ jB. e"wh gZXo d/ o[MkB do;kT[Ad/ jB fe gzi ;kb s''A xZN T[wo d/ 48H8 gqshPs nB[;{fus iksh d/ pZu/ nD^ftef;s jB id''A fe 39H1 gqshPs xZN tiB tkb/ ns/ 21H2 gqshPs xZN bzpkJh tkb/ j[zd/ jB. fJ; d/ w[ekpb/ gzikp ftZu e/tb 29H3 gqshPs 5 ;kb dh T[wo s''A xZN pZu/, T[wo w[skpe xZN bzpkJh tkb/, 24H1 gqshPs xZN tiB tkb/ ns/ e/tb 16H9 gqshPs bzpkJh w[skpe xZN Gko tkb/ jB. fJ; dk fJe ;jkfJe sZE fJj j' ;edk j? fe gzikp ftu nB;{fus iksh d/ pZfunK d/ tZZv/ fjZ;/ B{z ;ko/ w{b NhekeoB ns/ y[oke gqsh tXhnk gj[zu gqkgs j[zdh j?. e"wh gZXo s/ (12 s''A 23 wjhfBnK ) d/ 63H2 gqshPs pZu/ ;ko/ w{b NhekeoB gqkgs eo oj/ jB ns/ gzikp ftu 89H2 gqshPs nB[;{fus iksh d/ pZfunK B{z ;kohnK w{b NhekeoB gqkgs j' ojhnK jB, fit/A fe n?B n?c n?u n?Z; ^ 2015^16 ftu do;kfJnk frnk j?. gozs{ fco th oki ftZu nB[;{fus ikshnK d{;ohnK ;wkfie ;q/DhnK tb''A gZSVhnK j'JhnK jB. d{;ohnK ;q/DhnK Bkb ;pzXs (n?; ;h, n?; Nh ns/ U ph ;h s''A fJbktk) pZu/ wkBt Poho ftfrnkBe ;{ueK T[go tXhnk Bshi/ do;k oj/ jB. pkbr f;js gZXo d/ ;pzX ftu jkJhgoN?APB, w'Nkg/, jkJh pbZv P[ro d/ wkwb/ ftu nB[;{fus iksh (wod ns/ n"osK) gzikp ftu d{;ohnK ;wkfie Pq/DhnK Bkb ;pzXs (wod ns/ n"osK) Bkb''A j/mb/ gZXo s/ jB.

oki ftu nB[;{fus iksh dhnK n"osK d[nkok roG^fBo'Xe b?D dh do ;op Gkosh gZXo s/ nB[;{fus iksh n"osK Bkb'A tX/o/ j? ns/ oki ftu d{;ohnK ;q/DhnK dhnK n"osK d/ pokpo j?. oki ftu 75H5 gqshPs nB[;{fus iksh dhnK n"osK e"wh gZXo s/ 54H9 gqshPs d/ w[ekpb/ fe;/ Bk fe;/ gqeko dk roG fBo'Xe b?AdhnK jB ns/ 76H5 gqshPs d{;ohnK ;q/DhnK dhnK n"osK roG^fBo'Xe b?AdhnK jB. fdbu;g rZb fJj j? fe oki ftu nB[;{fus iksh n"osK dk fJe tZvk

394

nB[gks (91H1 gqshPs) d{;ohnK ;q/DhnK dhnK 86 gqshPs n"osK d/ w[ekpb/ nkX[fBe roG^fBo'Xe ftXhnK B{z ngBkT[AdhnK jB. d{;ohnK Pq/DhnK d/ nB[e{b n"osK dh B;pzdh ns/ fBo'XK dh tos'A eoBk nB[;{fus iksh n"osK d/ roG^fBo'XB dhnK nkX[fBe ftXhnK jB. gqzs{ id'Afe nB[;{fus iksh n"osK ftu tZv/ gZXo s/ roG^fBo'XB B{z gqtkB ehsk iKdk j? fJ; d/ pkti{d iZuk^;zGkb bJh ;{ue (gq;{s s'A gfjbK ;zGkb, ;z;EkfJe iD/gk ns/ iD/g/ s'A pkd dh ;zGkb) oki ftu d{;oh ;q/DhnK Bkb'A fgZS/ jB.

jkPhnkrq;s Pq/DhnK dh soZeh bJh ;oekoh gfjbedwhnK

gzikp nB[;{f;s iksh G{wh ftek; ns/ fts fBrw (ghHn?Z;H;hHn?cH;hH)

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gzikp gSVhnK ;q/DhnK, G{wh ftek; ns/ ftZs fBrw (p?efcze')

gzikp gSVhnK ;q/DhnK G{wh ftek; ns/ ftZs fBrw gSVhnK ;q/DhnK, xZN frDshnK ns/ nkofEe s"o s/ ewI'o torK B{z ;t?o[Irko rshftXhnK bJh eoI w[jZJhnk eotkT[Adk j?. gSVhnK ;q/DhnK bJh ;kbBk gfotkfoe nkwdB 30,000 o[gJ/ j? (1,50,000 o[gJ/ sZe ;kbBk gfotkfoe nkwdB tkb/ gfotkoK B{z xZN'^xZN 50 gqshPs dh e[Zb czfvzr tkb/ g/Av{ ns/ Pfjoh y/so d/ gfotkoK s'A fJbktk), nkofEe s"o s/ ewI'o tor fizBQK dh gfotkfoe nkwdB 1,00,000 o[gJ/ sZe j? ns/ xZN frDsh fijV/ fe eq?fvN bkJhB^1 nXhB jB, dk nkwdB wkgdzv g/Av{ y/soK ftu 98,000 o[gJ/ j? ns/ Pfjoh y/soK ftu 1,20,000 o[gJ/ sZe j? (70 gqshPs tzv fJ; Nhuk ;w{j bJh j'Dh ukjhdh j?) ns/ nzvo eq?fvN bkJhB^2 bJh nkwdB wkgdzv g/Av{ ns/ Pfjoh d'tK y/soK bJh 6,00,000 o[gJ/ s'A(30 gqshPs tzv fJ; NhuK ;w{j bJh). fBrw B/ ;kb 2018^19 d"okB 229 bkGgksohnK B{z 372H31 bZy o[gJ/ dh oew d/ eoI w[jZJhnk eotkJ/ jB. ;kb 2019^20 d"okB (31 nes{po 2019 sZe) 227 bkGgksohnK B{z 381H56 bZy o[gJ/ dh oew tzvh ik u[Zeh j?.

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395

eoBk g?Adk j?. fJj rohph dk fGnkBe u¤eo ;[fBPfus eodk j? fe rohp rohph d/ pµXBK s'A GNeD ns/ fiµdrh ft¤u tkXk eoB d/ n:'r jB. :{BkfJfNv B/PB d/ w?Apo d/PK d[nkok ngDkJ/ rJ/ n?; vh ih nXhB gfjbk Nhuk j? fe jo o{g ft¤u rohph ƒ ysw eoBk j?. wB[¤ysk bJh ;G s'A t¤vh u[D"sh ti'A x'fPs ehsh rJh rohph B/ d[BhnK Go d/ b¤yK b'eK ƒ w{b wB[¤yh io{osK s'A pr?o ihT{D bJh wIp{o ehsk. gµikp, xZN rohph nB{wkBK ft¤u tXhnk gqdo;B eo fojk j?.gqsh ftnesh nB[gks Bkb (s?Ad{beo d/ nB[wkB nB[;ko 2011^12) fpjso ekor[ikoh do;kT[dk j?. gµikp ft¤u rohph 8H26 gqshPs dk d{ik ;G s'A x¤N nB[wkB j? fit/A fe fu¤so 111 ft¤u do;kfJnk frnk j?. fJj fJe rohph o/yk (wkf;e gqsh ftnesh you/) s/ g/Av{ gzikp bJh 1054 o[gJ/ ns/ Pfjoh gµikp bJh 1155 o[gJ/ s/ nB[wkB nXkos jB. gµikp d/ g/Av{ fJbkfenK ftu ;G s'A t¤X nB[gks 7H66 gqshPs j? i' fe gµikp pkeh ;ko/ okiK Bkb'A d{i/ ;EkB s/ j?, id'A fe Pfjoh y/soK ft¤u fJj do 9H24 gqshPs d/ do Bkb 10 ;EkB s/ j?. g/Av{ y/soK d/ w[ekpb/ fpjso gqdoPB fJ; r¤b dk ;µe/s j? fe y/shpkVh nkwdBh B/ oki ftu rohph d/ g¤Xo ƒ x¤N o¤yD ft¤u ;jkfJsk ehsh j?. fu¤so 111 L rohph nB[gks nB[;ko ;G s'A t¤X rohph (2011^12)

;kXBL oki nµeVk ftfrnkB dh g[;fsek, nkoHphHnkJh 2011^12 gµikp dk ;G s'A t¤X rohph nB[gks xN e/ 1993^94 ftu 22H4 gqshPs s'A 2004^05 ftu 20H9 gqshPs w"i{dk g¤Xo s/ nk frnk j?.fJµBQK ;kbK d"okB gµikp rohph d/ nB[wkBK ftu brksko u'Nh d/ doi/ dh ekor[ikoh tkbk oki fojk j??. fJfsjk;e s"o s/ tX/o/ y/shpkVh g?dktko B/ oki d/ y[Pjkb ygsekoK dh ygs ftu ;jkfJsk ehsh j? Gkt/A gqsh ftnesh nkwdB ftu tkXk Xhwk j'fJnk j?. rohph o/yk dk tkXk wjhBktko gqsh ftnesh you/ s/ nkXkos j?. ygs dk you ;w/A d/ Bkb Bkb n;fEo j[µdk j? fi; ƒ nkwdB Bkb'A tX/o/ Go';/:'r Yµr Bkb ftukfonk iKdk j? ns/ fJ; bJh tXhnk nB[wkB nkofEesk dh fpjsoh bJh j?. rohph d/ nB[wkB fwsh nzs d/ nB[;ko ekch fd¤s/ rJ/ jB. n?w gh ;h Jh s/ Mks wkoB Bkb w"i{dk rohph d/ fdqP ƒ ;wMD ftu ;jkfJsk fwb ;edh j?. g/Av{ ;?eNo s/ fXnkB e/Afdqs eofdnK, Bkpkov ;op Gkosh fdjksh ft¤sh Pw{bhns ;ot/yD (Bkch;) d/ do;kfJnk j? fe 6646 o[gJ/ d/ okPNoh n";s d/ w[ekpb/

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396

gzikp ftu 11707 o[gJ/ dk gqsh gfotko s/ wjhBktko ygs ehsk you ;G s'A t¤X j?. fJ; ;ot/yD B/ j'o do;kfJnk j? fe gµikp ftZu Bk e/tb f;oc wjhBktko ygs ehs/ you ftu ;G s'A tZX j? gqµs{ oki ftu uµrhnK pusK tkbh wjhBktko xo/b{ nkwdBh th ekch T[¤u j?.fit/A fe ;koDh 64 ftu do;kfJnk frnk j?.

;koDh 64L g/Av{ y/soK ftu okiK d[nkok gqsh xo/b{ n";sB wjhBktko nkwdB ns/ ygs ehs/ you (o[gfJnk ftu gqsh xo/b{ gqsh wjhBk)

n";sB wjhBktko nkwdBh n";s ygd you/ tkX{

gzikp 16020 11707 4314 e/obk 15130 11156 3975

jfonkDk 12072 8646 3426 fjwkub gqd/P 11702 8556 3146

r[ioks 10518 7490 3028 skfwbBkv{ 9716 7381 2335

no{Bkub gqd/P 9877 7722 2155 wjkokPNo 8938 6821 2117 nk;kw 8880 6814 2066

w/xkfbnk 10061 8242 1819 SZsh;rVQ 7272 5607 1665 T[Vh;k 7241 5613 1628

gZSwh pzrkb 6860 5249 1611

eoBkNe 8383 6882 1502 Gkos 8059 6646 1413

izw{ ns/ ePwho 10747 9343 1404 r'nk 10758 9445 1313

oki;EkB 8338 7039 1299 wBhg[o 9679 8617 1062 Bkrkb?Av 10002 8976 1026 s/bzrkBk 7811 6813 998 wZX gqd/P 6632 5675 956 fwi'ow 9491 8561 930 sohg[ok 8612 7980 632 T[sokyzv 8762 8303 459

T[[zso gqd/P 6257 5941 315

f;Zew 8560 8246 314 Mkoyzv 5854 5544 310 fpjko 6277 6015 262

nkXok gqd/P 5842 5746 95 ;kXBL Bkch; 2016^17

6H8 tksktofDe u[D"shnK

gq;'Bb, iBse fPekfJsK ns/ g?BPBK wµsokb/ d[nkok tksktofBe gfjb{ s/ uµr/ gqPk;B fJµv?e; ƒ ikoh eofdnK gµikp ƒ 18 t¤v/ okiK ftu'A 0H55 d/ ;e'o Bkb S/t/A ;EkB s/ o¤fynk j?.

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397

;koDh dk fJj gfjb{ w[bKeD eodk j? fe eh oki B/ ftu iµrbK dh spdhbh ƒ Pkwb eod/ j'J/ w";wh spdhbh bJh ekoi :'iBk pDkJh j? <

Xosh j/mb/ gkDh d/ fwnko ;pµXh fuµsktK fu¤soL112 Xosh j/mb/ gkDh s/ pbke nB[;ko torheoD dk w[bKeD

gµikp oki ftu y/shpkVh ftXh ƒ nkX[fBe pDkT[D bJh brGr 100 gqshPs fBo'b f;µukJh oep/ dh gqkgsh ftu ;cb fojk j?. Gkt/A fJ; dh ehws ndk eoBh gJh j?.oki dhnK f;µikJh Io{osK bJh T[j Xosh j/mb/ gkDh d/ ;q'sK s/ pj[s fInkdk fBoGo j?. Gkos d/ rshPhb Xosh j/mb/ ib ;q'sK (2017) s/ e/Adoh G{ j/mb/ ib ;z;kXB d[nkok fJe fog'N ftu do;kfJnk frnk j? fe gµikp ftu e¤fYnk frnk 95 gqshPs gkDh f;µikJh wµstK bJh j? i' fe ;ko/ okiK ft¤u ;G s'A t¤X j?. Xosh j/mb/ gkDh d/ ;q'sK dh Gkoh d[otos'A d/ fJ; ;µe/s Bkb gµikp ƒ ;µeN ft¤u gk fd¤sk j? fe oki dk ib ibdh jh Xosh j/mb/A ib ;q'sK ƒ ysw eo ;edk j?. ;kXBL Gkos d/ rshPhb Xosh j/mb/ ib ;q's(2017)

T[¤so gqd/P, n;kw ns/ gµikp ftu ;G s'A tX froktN doi eoB Bkb ;kb 2017 ftu okPNoh g¤Xo s/ e[b ;kbKBk Xosh j/mbK gkDh 447 s'A x¤N e/ 432 ph Jhn?w ofj frnk. ;h ih vpfbT{ ph d[nkok fog'oN ftu do;kfJnk frnk j? fe pj[s finkdk d[otos'A eoB tkb/ y/soK ftu'A gµikp, jfonkDk, fd¤bh ns/ g¤Swh T[¤so gqd/P ;w/s d/P dh T[Asoh g¤Swh Gkr fJeZm/ jB fiZE/ Gog{o Bkb ib ;q'sK dh w"i{drh d/ pkti{d Xosh j/mb/ gkDh ƒ nµB/tkj efYnk ik fojk j?. gµikp s/ fXnkB e/Afdqs eod/ j'J/, fogq'N ftu do;kfJnk frnk j? fe 138 pbkeK ftu brGr 80 gqshPs (109) pbke ‘tX d[otos'A*, 2 ƒ *BkI[e* 5 ƒ ‘noX^ BkI[e ns/ 22;[ofyns ti'A, ƒ Pq/Dhp¤X ehsk frnk j? . ;kb 2013 d/ w[bKeD dh s[bBk B/ do;kfJnk j? fe 138 w[bKeD ehs/ pbkeK ftu'A 105 pbkeK ƒ ‘tX d[otos'A* 4 ƒ ‘BkI[e* 3 ƒ ‘noX^ BkI[e* ns/ 26 ƒ ;[ofyns ti'A Pq/Dhp¤X ehsk frnk j?. fJj ;gPN j? fe d' ;kbK d/ w[bKeD ftueko ;fEsh j'o th ftrV rJh j? fit/A fe fu¤so 113 ft¤u do;kfJnk frnk j? fe w[bKeD ehs/ pbkeK dk t¤vk fj¤;k *tX^d[otos'A* ti'A Pq/Dhp¤X ehsk frnk j? ns/ pj[s x¤N pbkeK ƒ ‘;[ofyns* ti'A fBPkBt¤X ehsk ik fojk j?. fJ; s¤E d[nkok ftrVdh ;fEsh dk j'o w[bKeD ehsk ;edk j? fe Xosh j/mb/ gkDh d/ e¤YD dk gVkn ;kb 2013 ns/ 2017 ftueko 149 gqshPs s'A 166 gqshPs t¤X frnk ;h ns/ ;bkBk eYD:'r Xosh j/mbk ib ;q's 23H39 s'A 21H59 phJhn?w xN frnk ;h.

79%

16%

76%

19%

;kb 2013 s'A 2017 d"okB pbkeK dk P';D tZX fojk j?.

nfs P';D Bki{e

20172013

398

nfXnkfJ 7L b'e ft¤s

nkofEesk d/ fBoµso ftek; ƒ T [sPkfjs eoB bJh fJ¤e ;fEo ft¤sh fdq;aNhe'D Io{ohj?. fgSb/ ;kbK ft¤u gqw[¤y ft¤sh ;µe/sK *s/ gµikp dh ekor[Ikoh B/ ;fEosk d/ ;µe/s gqdofPs ehs/ jB. ;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu 2H3 gqsh;as d/ w[ekpb/ ;kb 2019^20 (piN nB[wkB) ftu wkbhnk xkN/ dk Nhuk ihn?¤;vhgh dk 2H0 gqsh;as do;kfJnk frnk ;h. ;oeko tkX{ wkbhJ/ ƒ gqkgs eoB bJh fdqV j ?, fi; soQK oki B/ ;kb 2017^18 ftu w[Ybk tkXk gqkgs ehsk ;h ns/ fJ; soQK ft¤sh fIw/tkoh ns/ piN gqpµX (n?c nko ph n?w) n?eN, 2003 ftu fBoXkos NhfunK dh gkbDk ehsh rJh ;h. gµikp dk w[Y¤bk xkNk ;kb 2016^17 ftu ih n?; vh gh d/ 9H5 gqsh;as s' n;EkJh s"o *s/ xN e/ ;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ns/ 2019^20 (piN nB[wkB) d'tK ftu 0H3 gqsh;as j' frnk j? fi; s'A fJj ;µe/s fwbdk j? fe oki dh e[b T[Xko b?D dh Io{os x¤N rJh j?. ;kb 2017^18 ftu ft¤sh xkNk ihn?;vhgh d/ 2H6 gqsh;as s¤e ;hfws ;h id'A fe ;kb 2016^17 ftu fJj 12H3 gqsh;as ;h. ;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu ft¤sh xkNk ih n?; vh gh dk 3H4 gqsh;as ;h ns/ 2019^20 (piN nB[wkB) ftu th 3H4 gqsh;as dk Nhuk fBoXkos ehsk frnk ;h. ;kb 2011^12 ns/ 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) d/ dofwnkB gµikp ftu wkb gqkgshnK d[ZrDh s' tZX j' rJh j?. fi; Bkb gµikp nKXok gqd/P, r[ioks, jfonkDk, eoBkNe, e/ob, wjkokPNok, s/bµrkBk ns/ skfwbBkv{ tor/ u'Dt/A ;{fpnK ft¤u ;kb 2014^15 ns/ 2018^19 ( ;'X/ nB[wkB) dofwnkB ;G s'A tZX wkbhnk gqkgshnK d/ tkX/ tkbk oki j?. ;kb 2017^18 ftu ihn?;vhgh gqshPs d/ 11H3 gqsh;as d/ w[ekpb/ 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu wkbh gqkgshnK ihn?;vhgh dh gqsh;assk ti'A 13H6 gqsh;as ;B. oki d/ nkgD/ eo wkbhJ/ ftu n?;ihn?;Nh ns/ fteoh N?e; ;G s'A t¤X :'rdkB gkT[D tkb/ ;B. nkw ;/tktK ns/ ftnki gqkgshnK oki d/ pj[s ;ko/ r?o^N?e; wkbhJ/ d/ yks/ dk tZvk fjZ;k jB. wkbhnk gqkgshnK ft¤u e/Adoh fj¤;/dkoh ft¤u gµikp dk fj¤;k th tfXnk j? i' fe oki d/ yIkB/ okjhA cµvK ƒ gqtkfjs eoB, ihn?;Nh n?eN 2017 d/ nB[;ko ;[o¤fyns wkbhnk d/ w[ekpb/ ih n?; Nh fJe¤soheoD ft¤u nkJh ewh ƒ g {ok eoB bJh XIV ft¤s efwPB t¤b'A f;ckoP ehs/ rJ/ tkX{ okyt/AeoD ns/ e/Ado s'A w[nktI/ d/ ekoB j'fJnk j?.fiaeo:'r j? fe XIV ft¤s efwPB dh fog'oN ftZu ;kb 2020^21 bJh e/Adoh N?e;K dh ;wsb tzv ftZu gzikp dh fjZ;/dkoh dk 1H79# dk tkXk j'fJnk j?. gµikp ;oeko oki dhnK ftek; dhnK b'VK dh g{osh bJh tuBp¤X j? ns/ fJ; soK, 2017^18 s'A pknd ftek; yofunK ti'A e[b you/ dh gqshPssk ft¤u tkXk j'fJnk j?. ;kb 2012^13 ns/ 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) d/ ftueko oki dk e[b youk n";sB ;bkBk ftek; do 18H3 gqsh;as Bkb tfXnk j? ns/ T[whd ehsh iKdh j? fe 2019^20 (piN nB[wkB) ftu 28H2 gqsh;as dk j'o tkXk j't/rk. ;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu wkbh eoia oki d/ e[b you dk wkbhnk youk 92H7 gqsh;as ;h ns/ pkeh dk oki ;oeko t¤b'A 5H5 gqsh;as g{zihrs you bJh pfunk j? ns/ oki ;oeko d[nkok eoi/ ns/ n?vtK; bJh ;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu 1H8 gqsh;as j'D dk nB[wkB j?. nkw ;/tktK T[go youk, fi; ftu nwbk you ns/ ftnki dh ndkfJrh Pkwb j[µdh j?, dk fj¤;k wkbhnk yofunK ftu ;G s'A t¤X j[µdk j?, i' ;oeko d/ nkeko ƒ do;kT[Adk j?.id'A fe ;wkfie ns/ nkofEe ;/tktK s/ nbkNw?AN uzrh soQK ;s[zfbs j?.nkofEe ;/tktK ftu, wkbhnk youk y/shpkVh ns/ fJ; Bkb i[VhnK rshftXhnK bJh T[¤usw tµv okjhA ;µukfbs j[µdk j?. ;wkfie ;/tktK ftu, f;¤fynk, y/vK, ebk ns/ ;fGnkuko dk ;G s'A t¤vk :'rdkB j?. d{i/ gk;/, g{µihrs youk t¤v/ g¤Xo *s/ ;wkfie ;/tktK ns/ yk; s"o *s/ Pfjoh ftek; s/ ehsk frnk j?.

399

7H1 ;µy/g ikDekoh

ft¤sh ekor[Ikoh

gµikp fJ¤e ;EkJh ft¤sh okj *s/ j? fit/A fe N/pb 65 ft¤u do;kfJnk frnk j?.ftPt g¤Xo s/ pj[s jh n;fEo nkofEe tksktoD d/ ubd/, gµikp B/ ;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) d/ nB[;ko wkbhnk gqkgshnK ft¤u 32H8 gqsh;as ns/ g{µihrs you/ ft¤u 107H1 gqsh;as dk tkXk doi ehsk j?.

;kb 2019^20 (piN nB[wkB) ftu brGr 78,509H70 eo'V o[gJ/ dhnK e[¤b wkbhnk gqkgshnK dk nB[wkB j? i' fe 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) d/ w[ekpb/ 11H5 gqsh;as dk tkXk j?.d{i/ gk;/, oki d/ wkb you/ ftu ;kb 2019^20 (piN nB[wkB) ftu 9H6 gqsh;as dk tkXk j'D dk nB[wkB j? i' 90,196H96 eo'V o[gJ/ s¤e gj[µu/rk. wkb xkN/ dk Nhuk 11,687H26 eo'V o[gJ/ (ihn?¤;vhgh dk 2H0 gqsh;as) o¤fynk frnk j?. 2019^20 piN nB[wkB ftu g{µihrs you ftu tX/o/ tkX/ dh ;µGktBk j? (brGr 3H7 r[Dk 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) fi; ftu eoIk ns/ g/PrhnK dh t;{bh okjhA ft¤sh ftek; ehsk ik ;edk j? ns/ fJ; soQK ;kb 2019^20 (piN nB[wkB) ftu ft¤sh xkN/ ƒ 19,657H87 eo'V o[gJ/ (ihn?;vhgh dk 3H4 gqsh;as) *s/ o¤fynk ik ;edk j?. g{µihrs you ftu fBoXkfos ftek; ;w{fje ftek; d/ ftuko Bkb w/b yKdk j?. iBse p[fBnkdh YKu/ d/ ft;Eko ekoB T[sgkdesk ft¤u tkXk ;wki d/ ;ko/ torK ƒ ;wkB bkG gqdkB eodk j?.

2005 ns/ 2014 d/ ftueko ihn?;vhgh nB[gks gqsh pekfJnk d/DdkohnK ftu fBoµso froktN dk o[MkB d/fynk frnk. id'Afe e?;a eo?fvN fbwN coe B{z bzw/ ;w/A d/ eofianK ftZu spdhb eoB ns/ UDAY eofInK d/ b?DF Bkb j'o tkX{ eoia/ d/ p'M ekoB ;kb 2017 d"okB nB[gks ftZu s/iah Bkb tkXk j'fJnk j?.oki dh eoIk ;Nke pDso ftu spdhbh nkJh j? fi; Bkb oki nkgDhnK e[¤b ft¤sh b'VK dh g{osh bJh y[¤bQ/ pkIko dhnK T[XkohnK t¤b tX fojk j?. fJe'B'w?fNqe ftXh d/ nXko s/ eoI/ dh ;fEosk dk ftPb/PD do;kT[Adk j? idfe eoIk tX/o/ j?, oki ;oeko dk eoIk ;fEo gqshs j[µdk j? Ffe feT[Afe gqGktekoh ftnki do wkw{bh ftek; do Bkb'A x¤N ojh j?.fJ; bJh, nkgDhnK nB/eK ftek; dhnK Io{osK ns/ u[D"shnK d/ pkti{d, gµikp ;opg¤yh ftek; d/ ftt/ePhb ft¤sh wkor s/ j?.

400

;koDh 65 gqw[¤y piN wZdK dk ;µy/g (o[gJ/ eo'VK ft¤u)

wZdK 2017-18 2018-19 (;'X/

nB[wkB)

2019-20 (piN nB[wkB)

1.wkb gqkgshnK (2+5) 53,009.5

9 70,398.92 78,509.70

2. eoK wkbhnk (3+4)

41,040.19 44,750.72 50,993.62

3. oki dh nkgDk eo wkbhnk 31,495.57 33,073.01 37,674.20

4. e/Adoh eoK ftZu fjZ;k 9,544.62 11,677.71 13,319.42

5. r?o eoK wkbhnk (6+7)

11,969.40 25,648.20 27,516.08

6. oki dh nkgD/ r?o eo wkbhnk 4,318.39 9,929.97 9,476.98

7. e/Ado s'A roKNK 7,651.01 15,718.23 18,039.10

8. wkb youk 62,464.85

82,317.96 90,196.96

9. ftnki ndkfJrhnK 15,333.96 16,311.54 17,669.25

10. g{zih you 2,352.08 4,871.57 22,842.06

11. B?ZN b?fvzr (12-13) 686.96 859.30 (14,871.45)

12. oki ;oeko tZb'A eoi/ ns/ g/;rhnK 760.04 1,602.64 813.73

13. eoi/ t;{bhnK ns/ g/;rhnK 73.08 743.34 15,685.18

14. c[ZNeb g{zihrs gqkgshnK 0.12 0 0

15. wkb xkNk (8-1)* 9,455.26 [2.01%]

11,919.04 [2.30%]

11,687.26 [2.02%]

16. ftZsh xkNk (10+11+15-14)* 12,494.1

8 [2.66%]

17,649.91 [3.41%]

19,657.87 [3.40%]

17. wZ[Ybk xkNk (16-9)* (2,839.54

) [-0.60%]

1,338.37 [0.26%]

1,988.62 [0.34%]

B'N: (+)w[Zb xkN/ B{z do;kT[d/ jB ns/ (-)w[Zb ;ogb; B{z do;kT[d/ jB.

401

;kXBL ;N/N ckJhBKf;ia n;NZvh nkc piZN,nkoHphHnkJh

7H2 wkb gqkgshnK

wkb gqkgshnK dh pDso

wkb gqkgshnK ftu r?oêo wkbhnk dh s[bBk ftu eo^wkbhnk dk fj¤;k fInkdk j?.(fu¤so 113) ;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu 44,750H72 eo'V o[gJ/ dk eo^wkbhnk fJe¤so j'fJnk ;h id'A fe r?oêo wkbhnk 25,648H20 eo'V o[gJ/ ;h.

nkgDk eo^wkbhnk, fi; ft¤u nkwdBh, ;µgsh ns/ g{µih b?D^d/D ns/ t;s{nK ns/ ;/tktK *s/ N?e; Pkwb j[µdk j?, oki d/ eo^wkbhnk ftu t¤vk :'rdkB gkT[Adk j?.;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu n?;ihn?;Nh ns/ fteohêo gµikp d/ nkgD/ eo^wkbhnk ftu eqwtko 43H1 gqsh;as ns/ 18H8 gqsh;as dk tZvk :'rdkB j?. ih n?; Nh s'A gfjbK d/ Pk;B ekb ftu 2011^12 s'A b? e/ j[D se fteohêo nkgD/ N?e; wkbhJ/ ftu ;G s'A t¤vk :'rdkB ;h. id fe, 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu ;G s'A t¤vk :'rdkB n?;ihn?;Nh dk ;h ns/ ;kb 2019^20 (piN nB[wkB) d/ d"okB fJ; dk fJ¤E/ jh ;fEo ofjD dk nB[wkB j?.

e/Ado s'A fwbhnK rqKNK r?oêo wkbhJ/ ftu pj[s t¤vk :'rdkB gkT[AdhnK jB. fJ; s'A fJbktk, ;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu oki d[nkok gqdkB ehshnK iKdhnK nkw ;/tktK ns/ ftnki dhnK gqkgshnK oki d/ nkgD/ r?o^N?e; wkbhJ/ d/ w[¤Yb/ ;o's jB.

fuZso 113Lwkb gqkgshnK dh pDso, 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB), (o[gJ/ eo'VK ftu)

wkb gqkgshnK o[gJ/ 70,398H91 eo'V

eo wkbhnk o[gJ/ 44,750H72 eo'V (63H6#)

r?o eo wkbhnk o[gJ/ 25,648H20 eo'V (36H4#)

oki dk nkgDk eo wkbhnk o[gJ/

33,073H01 eo'V (73H9#)

e/Adoh eoK s' fjZ;k o[gJ/ 11,677H71 eo'V (26H1#)

oki dh nkgD/ r?o eoK wkbhnko[gJ/ 9,929H97

eo'V (38H7#)

e/Ado s'A roKNK o[gJ/ 15,718H23 eo'V (61H3#)

fteoh eo (18H8#)

n?z; ih n?z; Nh (43H1#)

nkw ;/tktK (75H2#)

ftnki gqkgshnK (14H4#)

402

;kXBL ;N/N ckJhBKf;iaLn;NZvh nkc piZN,nkoHphHnkJh

oki dk nkgDk wkbhnk

oki dk nkgDk wkbhnk t;{bh ftu fgSb/ ;kb d/ w[ekpb/ ;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu 20H1 gqsh;as dk tkXk j'fJnk j?. ;kb 2017^18 ftu oki dk nkgDk wkbhnk 35,813H96 eo'V o[gJ/ ;h. ;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu fJj tZX e/ 43,002H98 eo'V o[gJ/ j' frnk ns/ fJ; ftu nkgD/ N?e; d/ 33,073H01 eo'V o[gJ/ ns/ nkgD/ ra?o^N?e; d/ 9,929H97 eo'V o[gJ/ Pkwb jB (fu¤so 113). nkgD/ r?o^eo wkbhJ/ ft¤u fJ¤e wj¤stg{oB tkXk j'D d/ ekoB, nkgD/ wkbhJ/ dh ihn?;vhgh dh gqshPssk ;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ft¤u 8H3 gqsh;as j' rJh j?, i' fe ;kb 2017^18 ft¤u 7H6 gqsh;as ;h.

oki dk nkgDk eo^wkbhnk

;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu ;/bI N?e;, oki nkpekoh, tkjBK *s/ N?e;, fpibh s/ N?e; ns/ fvT{NhnK ns/ n?;ihn?;Nh B/ ;µ:[es o{g Bkb gµikp dhnk N?e; t;{bh ftu 92H5 gqsh;as dk :'rdkB gkfJnk id'A fe pkeh dh t;{bh nkwdB ns/ ikfJdkd ns/ g{µih b?D^d/D s/ b¤r/ N?e;K s'A j'Jh. fit/A fe gfjbK d¤f;nk frnk j?, n?;ihn?;Nh ns/ fteoh eo, eqwtko, gµikp d/ nkgD/ N?e; wkbhnk ft¤u ;G s'A t¤X :'rdkB gkT[Ad/ jB.;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu n?;ihn?;Nh t;{bh 59H0 gqsh;as s¤e tXe/ 14,267H60 eo'V o[gJ/ j' rJh. id fe, 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ft¤u fteoh N?e; t;{bh ft¤u 44H2 gqsh;as dh froktN nkJh. oki d/ nkgD/ eo wkbhnk ftu th fJ; dk fj¤;k xN fojk j? feT[Afe fJj j[D e/tb T[BQK uhIK se ;hws j? i' ihn?;Nh d/ nXhB BjhA nkT[AdhnK fit/A fe g?No'b, vhIb, Pokp nkfd. ;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu oki d/ nkgD/ eo wkbhJ/ dh ;w[¤uh ftek; do 5H0 gqsh;as ;h.

403

pke; 20L N?e; T[Skb ft¤u ;[Xko

oki dk nkgDk r?o^eo wkbhnk

;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu oki ƒ nkw ;/tktK s'A gqkgs j'D tkb/ wkbhJ/ dk 75H2 gqsh;as r?o^N?e; wkbhJ/ s'A nkfJnk ;h.;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu gµikp dk nkgDk r?o^N?e; wkbhnk 9,929H97 eo'V o[gJ/ fojk, i' fe ;kb 2011^12 s'A 32H3 gqsh;as dh ;hJ/ihnko Bkb tfXnk.fJ; ftu'A, 7,468H85 eo'V o[gJ/ nkw ;/tktK s'A nkJ/ id'A fe ftnki gqkgshnK B/ 1,432H73 eo'Vo[gJ/ dk :'rdkB gkfJnk. ;wkfie ns/ nkofEe ;/tktK B/ ;µ:[es o{g Bkb nkgD/ r?o^N?e; wkbhJ/ ftu 10H3 gqsh;as dk :'rdkB gkfJnk. ;wkfie ;/tktK

ਚੁਣੇ ਗਏ ਰਾਜਾਂ ਕਿਚੋਂ 2018-19

(ਆਰ.ਈ.) ਕਿਚ ਜੀ.ਐੱਸ.ਡੀ.ਪੀ. ਅਨੁਪਾਤ ਕਿਚ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਿੋਲ ਸਭ

ਤੋਂ ਿੱਧ ਰਾਜ ਦਾ ਆਪਣਾ ਗ਼ੈਰ-

ਟ਼ੈਿਸ ਮਾਲੀਆ ਹ਼ੈ

gµikp B/ nkgD/ N?e;K d/ tkX/ ft¤u Xhwk go fBoµso ;[Xko do;kfJnk j?. N?e; T[Skb N?e; dh t;{bh ft¤u gqshPs spdhbh ƒ ihn ?;vhgh (iK N?e; nXko) ft¤u gqshPs spdhbh d/ o{g ftu do;kT[Adh j?. fuso 114 fgSb/ e[M ;kbK d"okB Gkos d/ e[M oki th N?e; T[Skb B{z do;kT[Ad/ jB. fJj d/fynk ik ;edk j? fe gµikp d/ nkgD/ N?e; T[Skb ft¤u fBoµso tkXk j'fJnk j?. gµikp dk N?e; T[Skb fgSb/ S/ ;kbK ft¤u ;kb 2011^12 ft¤u 0H97 s'A 2014^15 ft¤u 1H04 ns/ nµs ft¤u ;kb 2017^18 ft¤u 1H08 j' frnk. fJekJh s'A t¤X dk fJj N?e; T[Skb do;kT[Adk j? Ffe oki d/ nkgD/ eo wkbhnk fJe¤so eoB ft¤u tkXk noE ftt;Ek d/ ;w[¤u/ ftek; (ih n?; vh gh) iK eo nkXko Bkb'A fInkdk fojk j?. w?eo'^nkofEe fgS'eV d/ w¤d/BIo, fi; ft¤u oki gqdoPB eo oj/ jB, fJj ;bkxk:'r j?. fuZso 114Lj'o Gkosh okiK d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp dh eo dh T[Skb

;kXBL ;N/N ckJhBKf;iaLn;NZvh nkc piZN,nkoHphHnkJh

0.97

1.04 1.08

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

2011-12 2014-15 2017-18

oki eo T[Skb ftZu fBozso ;[Xko

r[ioks jfonkDk fjwkub gqd/;a eoBkNek e/obk

wZX gqd/;a wjKok;aNok gzikp skfwbBkv{ gZSwh pzrkb

404

ftu w?vheb ns/ iBse f;js ;G s'A t¤X wkbhnk f;ois eoB tkb/ jB id'A fe nkofEe ;/tktK ftu ;Ve NqK;g'oN j?.

;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu ihn?;vhgh nB[gks d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp dk nkgDk r?o^N?e; wkbhnk u'Dt/A okiK ftu'A ;G s'A t¤X j?.50Gkt/A, ;kb 2012^13 ft¤u ih n?; vh gh nB[gks d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp dk nkgDk r?o^N?e; wkbhnk 0H9 gqsh;as xZN j? go fJj nB[gks s[bBkswe s"o ‘s/ fojk, fJj nB[gks 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ft¤u tX e/ 1H9 gqsh;as tZXD dk nB[wkB j?, i' u'Dt/A okiK ft¤u ;G s'A t¤X j?.

pke; 21L gµikp bJh e/Adoh spdhbhnK

50 Throughout the chapter, the set of select states include Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala,

Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Telangana, unless otherwise mentioned

e/Adoh N?e;K dh ;wsb tµv ftu gµikp dk fj¤;k gµit/A ft¤s efwPB ftu 2H45 gqsh;as s'A xN e/ 15t/A ft¤s efwPB ftu 1H79 gqsh;as ofj frnk j?. frnkot/ ft¤s efwPB ftu fJj xN e/ 1H15 gqsh;as j' frnk ;h go T[; s'A pknd fJ; ftu tkXk j'fJnk j?. fJj ft¤sh ;wo¤Ek nzso Bkb i[V/ p'MK d/ x¤N j'D ekoB j' ;edk j? (frnkot//A ft¤s efwPB ft¤u 62H5 gqsh;as s'A gzdot/A ft¤s efwPB ft¤u 45 gqsh;as). fuZso 115Le/Adoh N?e;K dh ;wsb tµv ftu gµikp dk fj¤;k

;kXBL tZy tZy e/Adoh ftZs efw;aB. 14t/A ft¤s efwPB B/ tksktoD ns/ ibtk:{ dh ;µGkb gqsh okiK dh fIµw/tkoh ƒ ;wfMnk, i' fe fNekT{ nkofEe ftek; d/ nB[e{b j?. efwPB B/ iµrbK d/ eto ƒ fJe gfotosB wkgdµv ti'A Pkwb ehsk,fJ; dk T[d/;a tZX izrbK d/ eto eoB tkb/ okiK B{z w[nktiak d/Dk ns/ fJ; soQK ;ko/ okiK bJh tksktoD ;pzXh bkG gqdkB eoBk j? go T[; y/so ftZu nkofEe rshftXhnK d/ xkN d/ fj;kp Bkb bkrs f;oc ;pzXs okiK d[nkok jh u[Zeh iKdh j?,id'A fe fJj T[s;akjiBe ftek; izrb d/ eto eoB B{z gqkgs BjhA eodk fit/A fe eDe ns/ uktb dk T[sgkdB.;kb 2017^18 s' gzikp eDe ns/ uktb dk eqwtko 31 gqsh;as ns/ 38 gqsh;as e/Adoh nBki Gzvko ftu :'rdkB gkT[Adk j?, oki tZb'A g?dk ehs/ uktbK dk Bkwkso fjZ;k ;EkBe s"o s/ ygs ehsk iKdk j?.uktb ns/ eDe d/ tX/o/ T[sgkdB ekoB iawhBh gkDh d/ gZXo ftu ewh nkJh j?. ;kb 2017 ftu gzikp ftu brGr 80 gqsh;as pbke b'V s'A tX/o/ gkDh dh tos'A tkbh ;qa/Dh ftu nkT[Ad/ jB.fJj tksktofDe you/ oki B{z jh ;fjB eoB/ g?Ad/ jB id'A fe bkG(uktb ns/ eDe dh ygs) ;ko/ okiK ftZu tzfvnk iKdk j?. 15t/A ft¤s efwPB B/ e[¤b iBDdo (NhHn?¤cHnkoH) d/ wkg dh tos'A eofdnK fJ¤e BtK gqdoPB^nXkos wkgdµv ^ i' j? nkpkdh ;µpµXh ekor[Ikoh, nkoµG ehsk. nkpkdh ƒ fB:µsfos eoB dh Io{os *s/ I'o d/ e/, efwPB B/ T[BQK okiK ƒ ;BwkfBs ehsk fijV/ x¤N NhHn?cHnkoH gqkgs eoB ftu ;|b oj/ jB ns/ gµikp T[BQK ftu'A fJe j?. fit/A fe 6 t/A nfXnkfJ ftu fIeo ehsk frnk j?, gµikp B/ nkgDh tX ojh nkpkdh ƒ o 'eD ftu ns/ fJe iBD do ƒ jk;b eoB ftu ;cbsk gqkgs ehsh j? i' fe fJ; dh spdhbh do Bkb'A x¤N j?. fJ; bJh, ;kb 1971 ftu Gkos dh nkpkdh ftu gµikp dh nkpkdh dk fj¤;k 2H49 gqsh;as s'A xN e/ ;kb 2011 ftu 2H33 gqsh;as ofj frnk.

2.45% 2.38%2.18%

1.71% 1.72%1.53%

1.15% 1.30% 1.39%1.58%

1.79%

V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV

tZy tZy e/Adoh ckJhBK; efw;B

405

e/Adoh spdhbhnK

e/Adoh spdhbhnK e/Adoh N?e;K ns/ e/Ado t¤b'A rqKN d/ fj¤;k Bkb pDdhnK jB. oki d/ piN okjhA e/Adoh :'iBktK bJh cµvK dh gqtkj ns/ 14t/A ft¤s efwPB dh fwnkd ft¤u t¤X ojh spdhbh d/ Bkb, e/Adoh spkdb/ d/ fj¤;/ ft¤u tkXk j'fJnk j?. wkbhnk gqkgshnK ftu e/Adoh NqK;|oK ftu gµikp dk fj¤;k 2011^12 ftu 22H9 gqsh;as s'A tX e/ 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu 38H9 gqsh;as j' frnkj?. spdhbhnK ftu tkX/ B/ oki ƒ nkgDh BkrfoeK dhnK ftek; dhnK Io{osK *s/ you eoB d/ :'r pDkfJnk.

gµikp d/ e/Adoh N?e;K d/ fj¤;/ ftu ;hihn?;Nh, ekog'o/PB N?e; ns/ nkwdBh N?e; gqw[¤y :'rdkBh jB.fJBQK fsµB N?e;K B/ ;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu ;µ:[es o{g Bkb e/Adoh N?e;K ftu gµikp dk 88H0 gqsh;as fj¤;k gkfJnk. ;hihn?;Nh dk ;G s'A t¤X :'rdkB 34H3 gqsh;as ;h.idfe, 2019^20 (piN nB[wkB) d/ nB[wkB do;kT[Ad/ jB fe 2019^20 (piN nB[wkB) ft¤u 28H2 gqsh;as dh ftek; do d/ Bkb, fBrw N?e; ft¤u ;G s'A t¤X :'rdkB j'D dh T[whd j?. 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu e[b rqKN 15,718H23 eo'V o[gJ/ s/ yVQh j?. ;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu oki d/ r?o^N?e; wkbhnk ftu'A e/Ado s'A fwbhnK rqKNK 61H3 gqsh;as pDdhnK jB ns/ nrb/ ;kb fJ; ftu j'o tkXk j'D dk nB[wkB j?.

wkbh gqkgshnK ft¤ub/ o[MkB

Ihn?;vhgh dh gqshPs d/ s"o s/ gµikp dh nkwdBh gqkgshnK ft¤u ;kb 2017^18 d/ w[ekpb/ 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ft¤u tkXk j'fJnk j? (fu¤so 117). ihn?;vhgh dh gqshPssk ti'A

0%

10%

20%

30%

ਪੰਜਾਬ ਲਈ ਿੇਂਦਰੀ ਤਬਦhbhnK ਕਿਚ ਰੁਝਾਨ

e/Adoh N?e;K ns/ ftZsh gqkgshnK ftZu fj;/dkoh

rqKNK $ ftZsh gqkgshnK

fu¤so 116Lwkbhnk gqkgshnK d/ gqshPs d/ s"o s/ e/Adoh spdhbhnK

;kXBL oki ft¤sLpiN dk nfXn?B, nko ph nkJh

gµikp dh seohpB 31H94 gqsh;as nkpkdh nB[;{fus iksh torK Bkb ;pµXs j?. oki dhnK ftek; io{osK tX/o/ j[µdhnK jB, fJ; bJh ;w[fus ftek; bJh u'yh ;oekoh ;jkfJsk dh Io{os j[µdh j?. nB[;{fus ikshnK dh nkpkdh ƒ fJe wkgdµv ti 'A Pkwb eoB Bkb tX/o/ nkpkdh tkb/ okiK ƒ fJBQK jkPhJ/ *s/ gJ/ ;w{jK dhnK ftek; dhnK Io{osK ƒ g {ok eoB ftu tX/o/ ft¤sh ;o's fwbDr/. fJj gqfs ftnesh nkwdBh nzso d/ wkgdµv s'A go/ j?, i' ;/tktK d/ s[bBkswe g¤Xo gqdkB eoB dh :'rsk ftub/ nµso ƒ ftukodk j ?.

406

2012^13 s'A 2017^18 d"okB wkbhnk gqkgshnK 9H8 gqsh;as s'A 11H3 gqsh;as d/ ftueko ubhnK rJhnK. idfe 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ft¤u 13H6 gqsh;as tkXk j'fJnk j?.

2011^12 ns/ 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) dofwnkB wkb gqkgshnK ftu d'r[Dk tkXk j'fJnk. ;kb 2012^13 ns/ 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftueko wkbhnk gqkgshnK ;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) d/ w[ekpb/ ;bkBk n";s do 15H4# d/ tkX/ Bkb 70398H91 eo'V o[gJ/ j' ikD dk nB[wkB j?.fJ; ftu'A 61H1 gqsh;as wkbhnK nkgD/ ;o'sK s'A fJZeso ehsk ikt/rk id'A fe pkeh e/Adoh spdhbhnK ftu gqkgs ehsk ikt/rk.

fu¤so 118 do;kT[Adk j? fe gµikp e'b 2014^15 s'A 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) d/ ftueko u'Dt/A okiK ft¤u wkbhnk gqkgshnK dk ;G s'A t¤X ;hHJ/HihHnkoH j?.

fJ; fwnkd d/ d"okB, s/bµrkBk ns/ jfonkDk s'A pknd gµikp dhnK wkbhnk gqkgshnK dk ;hHJ/HihHnkoH 15H9 gqsh;as ;h.gµikp dhnK wkbhnk gqkgshnK d/ T[¤u ;hHJ/HihHnkoH bJh gqw[¤y :'rdkB eosk r?o^eo wkbhnk j?, fi; ft¤u oki dk nkgDk r?o^N?e; wkbhnk ns/ e/Ado s'A fwbhnK rqKNK Pkwb jB. 2014^15 s'A 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) d"okB oki dk r?o^eo wkbhnk 30H8 gqsh;as d/ ;hHJ/HihHnko Bkb tfXnk j? id'A fe oki dk N?e; wkbhnk 10H3 gqsh;as d/ ;hHJ/HihHnko Bkb tfXnk j?. r?o^N?e; wkbhnk d/ nµdo, oki d/ nkgD/ r?o^N?e; wkbhJ/ ns/ e/Ado d[nkok fd¤shnK rJhnK rqKNK B/ T[;/ ;w/A d"okB eqwtko 36H3 gqsh;as ns/ 27H9 gqsh;as dk ;hHJ/HihHnko d/fynk.

9.8%10.8% 10.6% 11.0% 10.6% 11.2% 11.3%

13.6%

oki eo T[Skb ftZu fBozso ;[Xko

fu¤so 117Lgµikp bJh ih n?; vh gh d/ gqshPs ti'A wkbhnk gqkgshnK (2011^12 s'A 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB)


gµikp e'b 2014^15 s'A 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) d/ ftueko u'Dt/A okiK ft¤u wkbhnk gqkgshnK dk ;G s'A t¤X ;hHJ/HihHnkoH j?.

407

fuZso 118L ;kb 2014^15 s'A 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) d"okB gµikp ns/ u'Dt/A okiK bJh wkbhnk gqkgshnK dk ;hHJ/HihHnkoH


e?r d[nkok gkbD ehsh iKdh nekT[AfNµr gqfefonk d/ nB[;ko, oki ƒ ihn ?;Nh w[nktIk oki d/ nkgD/ eo^wkbhnk ns/ e/Ado s'A rqKNK d/ ftueko ;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) bJh 65L35 ns/ ;kb 2019^20 (piN nB[wkB) bJh 70L30 d/ nB[gks ftu eqwtko tµfvnk frnk j?. fJ; bJh, N?e; wkbhJ/ d/ fJ¤e fj¤;/ ƒ j[D r?o^N?e; wkbhnk ti'A Pq/Dhp¤X ehsk ik fojk j?, fi; B/ N?e; wkbhJ/ dh ftek; do ƒ ;hws eo fd¤sk j?, id'Afe fJj N?e; r?o^N?e; wkbhJ/ bJh tXk fd¤sk j?. fgSb/ ;kb d/ w[ekpb/ 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu r?o^N?e; wkbhnk ftu 114H3 gqsh;as dk tkXk j'fJnk j?, fi; Bkb nkgDk ra?o^N?e; wkbhnk 129H9 gqsh;as ns/ e/Ado s'A rqKN ftu 105H4 gqsh;as dk tkXk j'fJnk j?.

n?;HvhHihH ;µe/se 17H1H1 ;o's d/ nB[;ko ihn?¤;vhgh d/ gqshPs ti'A e[b ;oekoh wkbhnk

;koDh 66L ;kb 2014^15 s'A 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) bJh n";s ihn?;vhgh dh gqshPs d/ s"o s/

23.6%

17.1% 15.9% 14.7% 14.6%12.3% 11.2% 10.2%

6.0%

s/bzrBK jfonkDk gzikp wjkokPNok e/obk eoBkNek r[ioks sfwb Bkv{ nKXok gqd/P

;kb 2014^15 ns/ 2018^19 ftueko gzikp ftZu nkwdBh ftZu ;G s' tZX ;hJ/ihnko

okiK n?;NhTnko$ ihn?;vhgh

e/Adoh N?e;K ftZu fj;k$ ihn?;vhgh

n?;Tn?BNhnko$ ihn?;vhgh

roKNk $ ihn?;vhgh

e[Zb wkb gkqgshnK$ ihn?;vhgh

nKXok gqd/P 6.7% 3.4% 0.8% 3.1% 14.0%

r[ioks 5.8% 1.5% 1.0% 1.2% 9.5%

jfonkDk 6.6% 1.1% 1.2% 1.1% 9.9%

eoBkNek 6.9% 2.2% 0.5% 1.5% 11.1%

e/obk 6.9% 2.2% 1.6% 1.5% 12.1%

wjkokPNok 6.6% 1.4% 0.7% 1.1% 9.7%

gzikp 6.7% 2.0% 1.2% 1.8% 11.6%

408

;kXBL oki ft¤sLpiN dk nfXn?B, nko ph nkJh B'NL n?;NhTnko- oki dk nkgDk eo^wkbhnk n?;Tn?BNhnko L oki dk nkgDk ra?o^eo wkbhnk

;koDh 66 s'A, fJj t/fynk ik ;edk j? fe ;kb 2014^15 s'A 2018^19 (nkoHJhH) bJh n";sB ihn?¤;vhgh dh gqshPs d/ s"o s/, gµikp bJh wkbhnk gqkgshnK 11H6 gqsh;as ;B, i' r[ioks, jfonkDk, eoBkNe, wjkokPNo ns/ skfwbBkv{ tor/ okiK Bkb'A tX/o/ j?.

pke; 22L oki d/ ft¤sK *s/ t;sK ns/ ;/tktKd/ N?e; dk gqGkt

sfwbBkv{ 6.8% 1.7% 0.8% 1.5% 10.8%

s/bzrBK 7.2% 2.0% 1.3% 1.9% 12.4%

1 i[bkJh, 2017 s'A t;sK ns/ ;/tktK N?e; (ihHn?¤;HNhH) bkr{ j'D Bkb Gkos ;oeko ns/ t¤y^t¤y oki ;oekoK t¤b'A gfjbK brkJ/ rJ/ eJh nf;ZX/ N?e; fJ; d/ nµsors nk rJ/ ;B. gµikp oki d[nkok brkJ/ rJ/ N?e;K ftu ih n?; Nh nXhB nkJ/ N?e;K ftu g?No'bhnw ns/ Pokp *s/ b¤r/ t?N ƒ S¤v e/, e/Adoh fteoh N?e;, yohd N?e;, brIoh N?e;, n?ANoh N?e;, wB'oµiB N?e; (;EkBe ;µ;EktK d[nkok brkJ/ s'A fJbktk), fJPfsjko N?e;, bkNohnK, ;¤N/pkIh ns/ i{nk y/vD s/ N?e;, t;sK ns/ ;/tktK dh ;gbkJh Bkb ;pµXs ;N/N ;?; ns/ ;oukoi Pkwb jB. t;sK ns/ ;/tktK N?e; (okiK ƒ w[nktIk) n?eN, 2017 d/ nB[;ko, okiK ƒ gµi ;kb dh fwnkd bJh Gkt 30 i{B 2022 s¤e ;[o¤fyns wkbhJ/ dk Go';k fd¤sk frnk j?.Gkt 2015^16 ft¤u Pkwb ehs/ rJ/ nf;ZX/ N?e;K d/ w[ekpb/ n;b e[b?ePBK Bkb'A 14 gqsh;as dh ftek; do ƒ wµBd/ j'J/ 2017^18 s'A 2022^23 dh fwnkd bJh ;[o¤fyns wkbhJ/ dk nB[wkB j?. oki d/ tk;sfte ihn?;Nh ns/ ;[o¤fyns wkbhJ/ ftuekob/ nµso dk w[nktIk Gkos ;oeko d[nkok fd¤sk frnk j?.oki ƒ w[nktIk Gkos ;oeko d[nkok brkJ/ rJ/ ih n?; Nh w[nktIk ;?¤; okjhA fJe |µv ftu iwQK eotke/ fd¤sk iKdk j?, fi; dk gqpµX th Gkos ;oeko eodh j?. nkofEe wµdh d/ w¤d/Bio n?;ihn?;Nh t;{bh ftu ;zGkfts do s/ tkXk BjhA j'fJnk j?. w[yoih 2020 d/ nB[;ko, ;kb 2022^23 s¤e, i/eo ih n?; Nh w[nktIk pµd eo fd¤sk iKdk j?, sK gµikp ƒ n;b n?;ihn?;Nh ns/ ;[o¤fyns wkbhJ/ ft¤u ekcah nµso fwb/rk. i/eo Gkos ;oeko okiK ƒ w[nktIk d/Dk pµd eodh j?, sK fJ; dk oki d/ ft¤sK *s/ wj¤stg{oD n;o gJ/rk.g/go dh fog'oN nB[;ko 2022^23 ftu wkbhnk nµso nB[wkBs n?; ih n?; Nh d/ 40 gqsh;as s'A t¤X j't/rk. gµikp ;oeko fJ; gqGkt ƒ x¤N eoB bJh N?e; gqPk;B ftu b'VhAd/ T[gokb/ eo ojh j?. 30 i{B, 2018 s¤e, ihn?;Nhnko^3ph ns/ ihn?;Nhnko^1 foNoB ckJhfbµr ft¤u eqwtko 88H18 gqsh;as ns/ 80H70 gqsh;as foNoB ckJhfbµr d/ Bkb gµikp gfjb/ Bµpo s/ j? (15 thA ft¤s efwPB ƒ w?w'oµvw).oki ;oeko B/ ofi;Noh, foNoB dkyb eoB ns/ ihn?;Nh Bkb i[V/ j'o eµwK ft¤u ;hws eµfgT{No frnkB o¤yD tkb/ tgkohnK dh ;j{bs bJh, B"itkBK ƒ @ihn?;Nh fwsok@ ti'A f;ybkJh fd¤sh j?. fJ; bJh w[nktI/ dh fwnkd ƒ gfjbK ebgBk ehsh rJh fwnkd dh s[bBk ftu tXkT[Dk ;wMdkoh j't/rh. ;kXBL w[yoih, n?; (2020) Gkosh oki d/ ft¤ss/ ih n?; Nh w[nktI/ dh fwnkd s'A pknd ih n?; Nh w[nktIk tkg; b?D dk ;µGkts gqGkt (Bµpo 20$291)

409

7H3H oki dk you

oki d/ you/ dh pDso

wkbh you

;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu 92H7 gqsh;as d/ fj¤;/ d/ Bkb, wkbh you oki d/ e[¤b you/ s/ Gko{ j?. (fFuZso 119) wkbhJ/ dk youk, fijVk ;wkfie, nkofEe ns/ nkw ;/tktK d/ Bkb^Bkb ;EkBe ;µ;EktK ƒ fd¤shnK ikD tkbhnK roKNK *s/ yofunK Bkb pfDnk j[µdk j?, 2012^13 ns/ 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) d/ ftueko d[¤rD/ s'A th t¤X j' frnk j?. ;kb 2012^13 ns/ 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) d/ ftueko 14H2 gqsh;as dh n";sB ;bkBk ftek; eo d/ Bkb, 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu wkbhJ/ dk youk 82,317H96 eo'V o[gJ/ s/ yVQk j?. e[¤b yofunK ft¤u wkbhJ/ d/ yofunK dk fj¤;k 2011^12 s'A j[D s¤e (2015^16 ns/ 2016^17 ƒ S¤v e /) fBoµso 92 gqsh;as s'A t¤X fojk j?.id'A fe, ;kb 2019^20 (piN nB[wkB) (2018^19 s/ 369 gqsh;as (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu nB[wkB brkJh ik ojh t¤v/ g¤Xo *s/ g{µihrs bkrs ekoB 2019^20 (piN nB[wkB) ftu fJ; nB[gks ftu 79H2 gqsh;as* dh froktN dk nB[wkB j?.

fuZso 119 e[Zb you dh ;ozuBk (eo'V o[gJ/ ftu)

410


f;¤fynk, y/vK, ebk ns/ ;fGnkuko, w?vheb ns/ iBse f;js ns/ ;wkfie ;[o¤fynk ns/ GbkJh 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu ;wkfie ;/tktK d/ wkbhnk you/ ftu gqw[¤y :'rdkB gkT[D tkb/ jB.B"itkBK dh e[Pbsk ns/ T{oik ƒ ;ekokswe fdPk t¤b fbikT[D ns/ T[BQK ƒ Bf;anK s'A d{o o¤yD d/ w[ZYb/ T[d/P Bkb, gµikp B/ oki ftu f;¤fynk, y/vK, ebk ns/ ;fGnkuko d/ ftek; *s/ ftP/P fXnkB fd¤sk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk oki d/ nµdo bkG ftj[D/ torK dh tX/o/ nkpkdh ƒ d/yfdnK nB[;{fus ikshnK, nB[;{fus iBikshnK ns/ j'o g¤SVhnK Pq/DhnK dh GbkJh bJh okyt/AeoD ftu fgSb/ ;kb d/ w[ekpb/ 146H1 gqsh;as dk tkXk j'fJnk j?. ;kb 2019^20 (piN nB[wkB) ftu ;wkfie ;/tktK ftu yofunK bJh ehsk okytKeoD do;kT[Adk j? fe f;¤fynk, y/vK, ebk ns/ ;fGnkuko gqw[¤y :'rdkB gkT[Dr/.

;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu nkw ;/tktK s/ j'J/ you nkwdBh yofunK dk 45H5 gqsh;as pDd/ jB.fi; ftZu ftnki ndkfJrh, g?BPBK ns/ gqpzXeh ;/tktK ;akwb jB. nkw ;/tktK yofunK dk t¤vk fj¤;k pDdhnK jB ns/ ;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ft¤u wkbhJ/ d/ yofunK ft¤u fJ; dk 41H9 gqsh;as dk fj¤;k ;h, i' u'Dt/A okiK Bkb'A fes/ t¤X j?.

e[Zb you o[gJ/ 88,792H17 eo'V

wkbhnk you o[gJ/ 82,317H96 eo'V (92H7#)

g{ihrs bkrs o[gJ/ 4,871H57 eo'V (5H5#)

;wkfie ;/tktK o[gJ/ 2,434H09 eo'V

(50H0#)

;wkfie ;/tktK o[gJ/ 20,097H54 eo'V (24H4#)

nkofEe ;/tktK o[gJ/ 21,185H35 eo'V (25H7#)

nkw ;/tktK o[gJ/ 37,493H10 eo'V

(45H5#)

;jkfJsk rqkANK ns/ :'rdkB o[gJ/ 3,541H98 eo'V (4H3#)

nkofEe ;/tktK o[gJ/ 2,143H82 eo'V (44H0#)

nkw ;/tktK o[gJ/ 293H66 eo'V (6H0#)

oki ;oeko d/ eoI/ ns/ ndkFJrhnK o[gJ/ 1,602H64 eo'V

(1H8#)

ftek; o[gJ/ 1,556H39 eo'V

(97H1#)

r?o ftek; o[gJ/ 46H25 eo'V (2H9#)

411


fu¤so 120 u'Dt/A okiK d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp d/ gqshp¤X yofunK dk s[bBkswe ftPb/PD g/P eodk j?. ftnki ndkfJrhnK ns/ T[iosK ns/ sBykjK dk nB[gks wkbhnk yofunK bJh u'Dt/A okiK ftu gµikp bJh ;G s'A t¤X j?. wkbhJ/ d/ yofunK ft¤u g?BPB dk th wj¤stg{oB fj¤;k j[µdk j?, id'Afe fJj okiK ft¤u ;G s'A t¤X BjhA j?.

;koDh 67L ezwK nB[;ko wkbhJ/ d/ yofunK dh pDso (nµeV/ e[b wkbhnk you/ d/ gqsh;as d/ o{g ft¤u jB)

youk wZd 2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

2016-17

2017-18

2018-19 (RE)

;wkfie ;/tktK 28.0% 28.4% 27.2% 29.5% 29.8% 28.3% 24.8% 24.4%

f;Zfynk,y/vK, ebk

;fGnkuko 16.0% 16.8% 15.4% 16.0% 17.1% 15.9% 14.9% 13.5%

w?vheb ns/ iBse f;js 4.2% 4.1% 4.1% 4.7% 4.8% 4.8% 4.1% 3.7%

;wkfie ;o[Zfynk ns/

GbkJh 3.1% 2.6% 2.4% 2.2% 2.0% 1.8% 1.6% 1.2%

nkofEe ;/tktK 19.0% 23.2% 23.1% 19.8% 19.5% 18.5% 17.9% 25.7%

y/shpkVh ns/ ;pzXs

rshftXhnK 2.6% 3.2% 3.4% 8.1% 12.4% 10.3% 12.0% 17.8%

f;zukJh ns/ jVQ o'eEkwl

3.0% 2.7% 3.2% 2.6% 2.6% 2.3% 1.9% 1.5%

T{oik 9.7% 12.8% 11.6% 5.4% 1.0% 3.0% 2.1% 2.9%

T[d:'r ns/ yfDi

0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 1.9%

nkw ;/tktK 50.8% 47.1% 48.5% 49.4% 49.4% 51.5% 55.2% 45.5%

ftnkia gqkgshnK 19.0% 17.3% 18.8% 19.2% 19.5% 21.1% 24.5% 19.8%

gqpzXeh ;/tktK 11.9% 12.2% 12.4% 12.3% 11.8% 12.2% 11.4% 9.6%

g?B;aBa 17.1% 15.1% 15.1% 15.6% 15.6% 15.9% 16.3% 12.5%

roKNK 2.3% 1.4% 1.3% 1.3% 1.4% 1.7% 2.1% 4.3%

412

fuZso 120Lu[D/ j'J/ okiK d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp dk gqshp¤X you (2014^15 s'A 2018^19 dh n";s (;'X/ nB[wkB)

;kXBL oki ft¤sLpiN dk nfXn?B, nko ph nkJh B'NL e[M okiK d/ wkwb/ ftu vkNk T[gbpX Bk j'D ekoB n";sB rDBk eod/ j'J/ 2015^16 bJh T[iosK ns/ sBykjK d/ nµefVnK *s/ ftuko BjhA ehsk frnk

g{µihrs you

g{µihrs you B/ ;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu T[¤u tkXk do t/yh i' fe 2019^20 (piN nB[wkB) ftu th ikoh ofjD dh ;zGktBk j?. gµikp d/ g{µihrs you 2017^18 d/ w[ekpb/ 107H1 gqsh;as d/ tkX/ d/ Bkb ;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftZu 4,87,1H57 eo'V o[gJ/ j' rJ/. fJj T[¤u ftek; do oki ft¤u t¤X ojh Pfjoh nkpkdh dhnK Io{osK ƒ g{ok eoB fj¤s Pfjoh ftek; bJh g{µih fBoXkos okyt/AeoD ft¤u j'J/ tkX/ d/ ekoB j?. ftek; ;µpµXh nkd/PK d/ w¤d/BIo, ;wkfie ns/ nkofEe ;/tktK bJh ;µ:[es tµv e[b fBoXkos g{µih dk 94H0 gqsh;as j?. (fuZso 119) e[¤b yofunK ft¤u g{µih you dk nB[gks ;kb 2017^18 ft¤u 3H6 gqsh;as s'A tX e/ ;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ft¤u 5H5 gqsh;as j' frnk j?.j'o u'Dt/A okiK dh s[bBk ft¤u, g{µihrs bkrs d/ j'o ft;Eko dh r[µikfJP j?. ;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu u'Dt/A okiK bJh e[b you/ dh g{µihrs bkrs dk n";sB nB[gks 13H2 gqsh;as fojk.

g{µihrs bkrs oki d/ ;wkie p[fBnkdh YKu/ ƒ fpjso pDkT [D *s/ e/Ados j?.;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ft¤u ;wkfie ;/tktK dk e[¤b g{µihrs bkrs dk 50H0 gqsh;as dk :'rdkB j?.(;koDh 68);wkfie ;/tktK ft¤u Pfjo ftek;, f;¤fynk, y/vK, ebk ns/ ;¤fGnkuko, gkDh dh ;gbkJh ns/ ;?BhN/PB ;G s'A t¤v/ y/soK ft¤u Pkwb jB.;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) nB[;ko T[BQK dk ;KMk :'rdkB 88H3 gqsh;as fojk. f;js p[fBnkdh YKu/ (w?vheb ns/ iBse f;js), i' wB[¤yh GbkJh dk fJe nfjw Eµw j?, B/ th yofunK dh tµv ftu tkXk ehsk j?.

nktkikJh gqDkbh dk ftek;, yk; eoe/ ;VeK ns/ g[b nkofEe ;/tktK ftu yofunK dk w[¤y e/Afdqs^y/so j?.tgko ns/ tDi dh ;j{bs bJh ftPt g¤Xoh G"fse p[fBnkdh Ykuk w[j¤Jhnk

20.8

35.6

15.2

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

ਕਿਆਜ ਭੁਗਤਾਨ $ਆਮਦਨੀ ਖਰਚ wid{oh ns// sBykj$wkbhnk you g?BPB$wkbhnk you

gqsh';

s

nKXok gqd/P r[ioks jfonkDk eoBkNek e/obk wjkokPNok gzikp sfwb Bkv{ s/bzrBk

413

eotkT[D d/ T[d/P Bkb, ;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu ;VeK ns/ g[bK dh T[;koh bJh 912H19 eo'V d/ okyt/AeoD iK e[b g{µih you dk 18H7 gqsh;as dk nB[wkB brkfJnk frnk j?. fe;kB GbkJh ns/ Xosh j/mb/ gkDh dh ;µGkb ƒ g {ok eoB bJh, gµikp B/ t¤v/ ns/ dofwnkB/ f;µukJh gqki?eNK ns/ jVQ fB:µsoD *s/ fXnkB e/Adfos ehsk j?, fi;dk g{µihrs bkrs dk 12H4 gqsh;as fj¤;k ;h.

;koDh 68L ekoiK g{µihrs bkrs dh pDso (nµeV/ e[¤b g{µihrs bkrs d/ gqshPssk d/ o{g ft¤u jB)

youk wZd 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 (RE)

;wkfie 24.9% 37.4% 42.3% 25.5% 27.1% 25.0% 39.0% 50.0%

f;Zfynk,y/vK ns/ ebk

9.2% 9.8% 16.2% 4.9% 7.9% 5.1% 3.0% 9.9%

Ib ;gbkJh ns/ ;?BhN/;aB

10.0% 11.8% 9.3% 9.5% 10.8% 11.2% 23.0% 8.4%

;afjoh ftek; 2.2% 8.7% 7.7% 8.2% 5.8% 4.6% 12.1% 25.8%

nkofEe 62.8% 54.1% 47.8% 66.4% 64.6% 69.3% 53.4% 44.0%

g/Av{ ftek; 11.9% 6.4% 5.9% 3.0% 2.9% 3.1% 2.9% 4.8%

f;zukJh ns/ jVQ

ezNo'b

18.9% 26.5% 16.4% 21.1% 24.6% 29.1% 13.4% 12.4%

NoK;g'oN 24.8% 12.0% 17.4% 31.0% 29.1% 31.1% 28.7% 18.7%

nkw ;/tktK 12.3% 8.5% 9.9% 8.1% 8.3% 5.7% 7.6% 6.0%

;kXBL oki ft¤sL piN dk nfXn?B, nko ph nkJh

oki d/ you/ ftu o[MkB

;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu gµikp dk e[b youk 35H4 gqsh;as tfXnk j?. ;kb 2017^18 ftu gµikp d/ e[b you/ 65,576H98 eo'V o[gJ/ ;B ns/ 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu 88,792H17 eo'V o[gJ/ s/ gj[µu rJ/. 2019^20 (piN nB[wkB) d/ nB[wkB d¤;d/ jB fe fgSb/ ;kb d/ w[ekpb/ oki d/ yofunK ftu 28H2 gqsh;as dk tkXk j't/rk.

fuZso 121 ftek; yofunK bJh okyt/A eoD ft¤u tkXk do;kT[Adk j?.e[¤b yofunK ftu ftek; yofunK dh gqshPssk 2015^16 ftu 56H5 gqsh;as s'A

56.5%70.6%

45.1%53.4% 59.2%

2015^162016^172017^182018^19(;'X/

nB[wkB)

2019^20(pZiN

nB[wkB)

e[Zb yofunK dh ftek; you dh gqsh;as

fuZso 121 Le[b you/ dh gqshPssk ti'A ftek; you

;kXB L oki ft¤sL piN dk nfXn?B,nko ph nkJh

414

tX e/ 2019^20 (piN nB[wkB) ftu 59H2 gqsh;as j' rJh. idfe, 2017^18 ftu fJe froktN nkJh id'A e[¤b you/ ftu ftek; you/ dk fj¤;k 45H1 gqsh;as j/mK nk frnk. id'Afe ftek; d/ T[d/PK bJh wkbh you ft¤u tkXk j'fJnk j?, fJ; dk ekoB oki ;oeko d[nkok ftek; d/ T[d/PK bJh g{µihrs bkrs ns/ eoI/ ns/ g/PrhnK ftu Gkoh froktN j?.

fJ; soQK ft¤sh p'M d/ pkti{d gµikp f;¤fynk, y/vK, ebk ns/ ;fGnkuko ns/ y/shpkVh ns/ ;jkfJe fe¤fsnK d/ ftek; *s/ w[¤y fXnkB fdµd/ j'J/ ;wkfie ns/ nkofEe ;/tktK dh fpjso gqdkBrh d/ :'r fojk j?.

n?;HvhHih fJzvhe/No 1HJ/H2 Io{oh ;/tktK (f;¤fynk, f;js ns/ ;wkfie ;[o¤fynk) *s/ e[¤b ;oekoh yofunK dk nB[gks

;koDh 69 f;¤fynk, f;js ns/ ;wkfie ;[o¤fynk *s/ e[b ;oekoh yofunK dk nB[gks (;kb 2014^15 s'A 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) bJh n";s

oki f;Zfynk w?vheb ns/ iBse f;js ;wkfie ;[oZfynk ns/ GbkJh

nKXok gqd/;a 13.9% 3.6% 8.2%

r[ioks 15.5% 5.1% 0.7%

jfonkDk 14.5% 3.7% 6.3%

eoBkNek 13.5% 4.1% 4.4%

e/ob 16.8% 5.2% 4.5%

wjKok;aNo 18.6% 4.3% 1.6%

gzikp 13.3% 3.7% 2.4%

skfwbBkv{ 15.2% 3.8% 4.6%

s/brkBk 10.4% 3.5% 5.0%


B'NL;wkfie ;o[-Zfynk ns/ GbkJh bJh oki ;oeko d[nkok eoia/ ns/ g/;arhnK B{z nzefVnK dh nDj'Ad ekoB BjhA wzfBnk frnk j?.

;koDh 69 gµikp d/ u'Dt/A okiK bJh t¤y t¤y ;wkfie ;/tktK *s/ e[¤b ;oekoh yofunK d/ nB[gks ƒ do;kT[Adh j?. fit/A fe wB[¤yh ftek; d/ nfXnkfJ ftu ftukfonk frnk j?, gµikp ftu f;¤fynk dk p[fBnkdh Ykuk d/P ftu gfjb/ Bµpo s/ j?. d{i/ gk;/ f;ybkJh BshfinK ƒ ;[XkoB dh b'V j?. gµikp, iD/g/ dh w"sdo ƒ S¤ve /, pj[s ;ko/ f;js ;{ueK *s/ tXhnk gqdoPB eodk j?. fJ; bJh, fJBQK u[D"shnK dk j¤b b¤GD bJh f;js ns/ f;¤fynk T[s/ ;oekoh yofunK dh ;µGkts s"o* s/ ;whfynk ehsh ik ;edh j?.

415

pke; 23 oki d/ ft¤s *s/ iB;µfynk d/ gqGkt

ftek; youL u'Dt/A ;µe/se

fu¤so 122 u'Dt/A okiK d/ w[ekpb/ ftek; yofunK T[s/ gµikp dh ekor[Ikoh g/P eodk j?. fJj ftPb/PD fsµB wkgdµvK *s/ ehsk frnk j? ^ (T) ihn?;vhgh dh gqshPs ti'A ftek; you51, (n) ihn?;vhgh dh gqshPs ti'A ;wkfie y/so d/ you/52l ns/ (J) ihn?;vhgh dh gqshPs ti'A g{µihrs bkrs. ;kb 2014^15 ns/ 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) dofwnkB, gµikp bJh ih n?; vh gh dh gqshPs ti'A n";sB ftek; you/ 9H6 gqsh;as s/ yV/ jB, i' fe r[ioks, e/ob, wjKokPNo ns/ skfwbBkv{ tor/ okiK Bkb'A t¤X jB. fJ;/ soQK, gµikp bJh ihn?;vhgh dh gqshPs ti'A n";sB ;wkfie ;?eNo dk youk 5H6 gqsh;as fojk. idfe, u'Dt/A okiK ftu'A gµikp bJh ih n?; vh gh dh gqshPs ti'A g{µihrs bkrs ;G s'A x¤N j?.

fJj fXnkB d/D :'r j? fe jkbKfe gµikp fJ¤e ;fEo ft¤sh wkor ƒ do;kT[Adk j?, fJ; d/ wkbhJ/ d/ yofunK dhnK Io{osK eJh j'o okiK Bkb'A fes/ fInkdk jB. idfe, wkbhJ/ d/ yofunK ƒ cI{b yofunK ftu BjhA frfDnk ikDk ukjhdk.

fu¤so 122Lu'Dt/A okiK ns/ u'Dt/A ;{ueK d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp dk ftek; youk (2014^15 s'A 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) bJh n";s

51 Development expenditure includes the development components of revenue expenditure, capital outlay and loans and

advances by state government 52 Social sector expenditure includes expenditure on social services, rural development, and food storage and warehousing

(given under revenue expenditure, capital outlay and loans and advances by state government)

Gkos dh e[¤b npkdh ftu gµikp dh nkpkdh dk fj¤;k 1971 ftu 2H49 gqsh;as s'A xN e/ 2011 ftu 2H33 gqsh;as ofj frnk j?. gµikp d/ fj¤;/ ftu 2041 se 2H07 gqsh;as dh j'o froktN nkT[D dh T[whd j?. jkbKfe fJj ;oeko d[nkok bkr{ ehshnK t¤y^t¤y gfotko fB:'iB dhnK gfjb edwhnK dk Bshik j?, go Gkos dh nkpkdh ft¤u x¤N oj/ fj¤;/ dk n;o e/Adoh spdhbhnK s/ j't/rk. 15t/A ft¤s efwPB ns/ fgSb/ ft¤s efwPBK B/ nkpkdh dh gfjukD e/Adoh N?e;K dh ;wsb fj¤;/dkoh ftu okiK d/ fj¤;/ ƒ fBoXkos eoB d/ fJe wkgdµv ti'A ehsh j?. fJe¤b/ nkpkdh d/ wkgdµv s'A fJbktk, nkwdBh nµso, iB;µfynk gqdoPB ns/ N?e; :sB tor/ j'o wkgdµv nkpkdh d[nkok Bkg/ iKd/ jB. fJ; bJh, i/eo pknd tkb/ ft¤s efwPB okiK d/ fj¤;/ ƒ fBoXkos eoB bJh nkpkdh d/ skIk nµefVnK dh tos'A dh f;ckoP eod/ jB, sK T[j oki i' nkgDh nkpkdh ƒ fB:µsfos eoB d/ :'r j'J/ jB, B[e;kB T[mkT[Dr/. fJ; s'A fJbktk, fit/A fe gfjb/ nfXnkfJ ftu d¤f;nk frnk j?, nkpkdh pI[or T[wo tor t¤b tXD ekoB gµikp ftu iB;µfynk spdhbh t/yh ik ;edh j?. fJ; Bkb oki ƒ ;wkfie ;[o¤fynk ft¤u Gkoh fBt/P eoB dh Io{os j't/rh fi; Bkb oki d/ ft¤s *s/ p'M g? ;edk j?. ;kXB: ft¤s efwPB dhnK eJh fog'oNK ns/ nkofEe ;ot/yD, 2018^19

416

;kXBL oki ft¤sL piN dk nfXn?B, nko ph nkJh ns/ ok;aNoh nekT{AN v?Nk (w";gh)

B'NL^ vhHJhHth^ftek; bJh you,n?;n?;Jh ^;wkfie y/so bJh you,;hU^g{zihrs bkrs

fgSb/ ;kbK d"okB, gµikp B/ p[fBnkdh YKu/ d/ ftek; ft¤u pj[s fInkdk fBt/P ehsk j? fi; d/ ;µukbB ns/ o¤y^oykt d/ you/ ns/ nwbk yofunK d/ nkgD/ gqGkt jB. fit/A fe nfXnkfJ 6 ft¤u do;kfJnk frnk j?, f;¤fynk ns/ f;js d/ p[fBnkdh YKu/ dhnK ;aosK ft¤u, gµikp oki Go ft¤u ;e{b ns/ f;js ;j{bsK dh frDsh ft¤u s[bBksw‐e s"o s/ tXhnk gqdoPB eodk j?. fJ; bJh oki ƒ ;e{bK ns/ j;gskbK ft¤u eqwtko nfXnkge ns/ f;js eowukoh w[j¤Jhnk eokT[D dh Io{os j? fi; d/ |b;o{g wkbhJ/ d/ yofunK dhnK Io{osK ftu fJIk|k j[µdk j?.

gqw[¤y ft¤sh ;{ue

fgSb/ ;kbK d"okB xkN/ d/ ;{ueK T[s/ gµikp dh ekor[Ikoh B/ ;fEosk d/ ;µe/s do;kJ/ jB. (fu¤so 123) fJj nB[wkB brkfJnk frnk j? fe gµikp dk wkbhnk xkNk fgSb/ ;kb d/ 2H3 gqsh;as d/ w[ekpb/ ;kb 2019^20 (piN nB[wkB) ftu ihn?¤;vhgh d/ 2H0 gqsh;as s¤e ;hfws oj/rk. wkbhnk tkX/ ƒ gqkgs eoB bJh ;ziwh eoI gqpµX BhshnK bkr{ ehshnK ik ojhnK jB feT[Afe oki B/ ;kb 2017^18 ftu w[ZYbk tkXk gqkgs ehsk ;h. 2017^18 ftu gµikp dk ft¤sh xkNk 2H6 gqsh;as ;h i' fgSb/ ;kb d/ 12H2 gqsh;as Bkb'A ek|h x¤N ;h. ;oeko B/ ft¤sh ;kb 2019^20 (piN nB[wkB) d"okB ft¤sh xkN/ ƒ 3H4 gqsh;as *s/ o'eD dk nB[wkB brkfJnk j?, i' fe 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) d/ pokpo j?. Gkt/A,oki B/ ni/ s¤e gµikp ft¤sh fIµw/tkoh ns/ piN gqpµX (n?c nko ph n?w) n?eN 2003 (;'X 2006) ft¤u fBoXkos ehs/ nB[;ko xkN/ d/ ;µe/sK d/ NhfunK ƒ ni/ gqkgs BjhA ehsk j?, go fJ; B/ GbkJh ;ehwK ns/ ftek; ekoiK gqsh nkgDhnK fIµw/tkohnK s'A w[es j'J/ fpBK, ft¤sh ;fEsh ft¤u ;[Xko bJh fBoµso :sB ehs/ jB.

fu¤so 123Lih n?; vh gh dh gqshPs ti'A gµikp d/ w[¤y ft¤sh ;µe/se

9.6%

5.6%

0.8%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

vhJhth$ihn?;vhgh n?;n?;J$ihn?;vhgh ;hU$ihn?;vhgh

g{zih you d/ ft;Eko dh r[ikfJz;a

nKXok gqd/;a r[ioks jfonkDk eoBkNek e/obk wjKok;aNok gzikp skfwbBkv{ s/brzBk

417

B'N: (+)w[Zb xkN/ B{z do;kT[d/ jB ns/ (-)w[Zb ;ogb; B{z do;kT[d/ jB. ;kXBL ;N/N ckJhfB;ia Ln;NZvh nkc piZN,nkoHphHnkJh

fu¤so 124L 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ft¤u j'o okiK d/ w[ekpb/ gµikpd/ xkN/ d/ ;{ue (ihn?¤;vhgh dh gqshPs ti'A)

;kXBL ;N/N ckJhfB;ia Ln;NZvh nkc piZN,nkoHphHnkJh B'N: (+)w[Zb xkN/ B{z do;kT[d/ jB ns/ (-)w[Zb ;ogb; B{z do;kT[d/ jB.

2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu ih n?; vh gh dh gqshPs ti'A gµikp dk w[¤Ybk xkNk u'Dt/A okiK ftu'A ;G s'A x¤N j?. fu¤so 124, ;kb 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB d"okB u'Dt/A okiK d/ w[ekpb/ ih n?¤; vh gh dh gqshPssk ti'A gµikp bJh s[bBkswe s"o s/ tX/o/ wkbhnk ns/ ft¤sh xkN/ dk ;µe/s eodk j?. jkbKfe, 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) ftu u'Dt/A okiK ftu'A gµikp ftu ;G s'A x¤N w[¤Ybk xkNk (ihn?; vhgh dh gqshPssk ti'A) j?. Bk e/tb fJj fJBQK okiK ftu ;G s'A x¤N j?, ;r'A fJj n;EkJh s"o ‘s/ th xN fojk j?.id'A w[¤Ybk xkNk xNdk j?, fJj ;µe/s eodk j? fe oki dh e[¤b eoIk b?D dh Io{os x¤N rJh j? sK i' w"i{dk ghVQh d/ Bkb^Bkb nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK th x¤N eoI/ d/ p'M dk ;kjwDk eoB. fJj iBse ;o'sK dh tµv ftu nµso^ghVQh fJe;kosk fbnkT[Adk j?. fJj nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK ƒ toswkB ghVQh dk Gko u[¤eD BjhA d/t/rk.

1.7

12.3

9.5

2.0 2.6

-0.6

2.33.4

0.3

2.03.4

0.3

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

wkbhnk xkNk ftZsh xkNk w[ZYbk xkNk

oki xkN/ d/ ;ze/s ;fEosk d/ fBPkB B{z do;kT[d/ jB

2016^17 2017^18 2018^19 (;'X/ nB[wkB) 2019^20 (pZiN nB[wkB)

1.2

3.6

2.1

-0.1

2.1

0.81.2

2.9

0.9

0.0

2.9

1.71.7

3.0

1.00.6

2.1

0.8

2.3

3.4

0.3

1.2

2.7

1.0

0.0

3.3

2.0

wkbhnk xkNk ftZsh xkNk w[ZYbk xkNk

;kb 2018^19 nB[;ko s[bBkswe okiK ftu'A gzikp dk wZ[Ybk xkNk

nKXok gqd/P r[ioks jfonkDk eoBkNek e/obk wjkokPNok gzikp sfwb Bkv{ s/bzrBk

418

7H4 iBse eoIk ns/ j'o d/DdkohnK

oki dhnK d/DdkohnK

e[¤b pekfJnk d/DdkohnK

31 wkou, 2018 s¤e gµikp dhnK e[b pekfJnk d/DdkohnK 1,95,174H10 eo'V o[gJ/ ;B. fu¤so 125 ;kb 2001 s'A 2020 s¤e ihn?;vhgh dh gqshPssk ti'A oki dhnK e[b pekfJnk d/DdkohnK do;kT[Adk j?. 2005 ns/ 2014 d/ ftueko ihn?;vhgh nB[gks gqsh pekfJnk d/DdkohnK ft¤u fBoµso froktN dk o[MkB d/fynk ik ;edk ;h. idfe, 2017 ft¤u nB[gks ft¤u 42H8 gqsh;as dk s/Ih Bkb tkXk j'fJnk. fJj w[Zy s"o s/ d' ekoBK eoe/ ;h,feT[aAfe gfjbK fJZe bzwh fwnkd d/ Nhu/ bJh 30584H11 eo'V o[gJ/ dh e?;a eo?fvN fbwN dk nzso j?. 15t/A ftZs efw;aB d/ w?w'ozvw d/ nB[;ko ;kb 2016^17 bJh foiaot p?Ae nkc fJzvhnk ns/ ftZs wzsokb/ tZb'A (J/);oeko d[nkok pzd'p;s s'A fJBekoh (ph) nkT[D tkb/ yohd w";w, (;h) Brd T[Xko dh ;hwk ns/ nBkia d/ Gzvko dh ehws d/ ftueko fJZeso j'J/ nzso (vh)foiaot p?Ae nkc fJzvhnk tZb'A cfvzr p?AeK dh rbs nB[e{bsk gqdkB eoB bJh fd;ak fBod/;a (Jh) e?;a eo?fvN fbwN dh ;j{bs B{z n;theko eoBk ;h.

d{ik 15628 eo'V d/ tkX{ eoia/ B{z oki dk UDAY53 ;ehw d/ eoia/ ftZu spdhb eoB eoe/ j'fJnk j?. Discom d/ ftZu ekoi;ahb ns/ ftZsh pdbkn fbnkT[D bJh fJj edw u[Zfenk frnk ;h. e[Zb pekfJnk d/DdkohnK ;kb 2018 ftZu oki ftZu xZN e/ 40H7# j' rJhnK ns/ oki tZb'A eoiak gqzpXB BhshnK bkr{ eoe/ ;kb 2020 sZe fJ; eoia/ ftZu j'o froktN nkT[D dh T[whd j?.

eoia/ d/ xkN/ d/ w?Nfoe; dk w?g ehsk frnk j? I' fe eoia/ d/ Gko ns/ ftnkia d/ Gko B{z do;kT[Adk j?. wkou 2018 d/ nzs sZe eoia/ d/ Gko wzfBnk frnk j?,id'A fe 2013^14 s'A 2017^18 sZe ftnkia dk ft;ab/;aD ehsk frnk j?. fJzve?; do;kT[Adk j? fe d'jK wkgdzvK d/ ;pzX ftZu gzikp dh fiankdk ewia'oh j?.

53 Ministry of Power, Government of India (https://pib.gov.in/newsite/printrelease.aspx?relid=137344)

419

eoIk ;µt/dBPhbsk w?fNqe; dk BePk fsnko ehsk frnk j? fi; ft¤u eoIk p'M (ihn?;vhgh nB[gks gqsh pekfJnk d/DdkohnK) ns/ ftnki dk Gko (wkbhnk gqkgsh nB[gks gqsh ftnki dk G[rskB) j[µdk j?. wkou d/ nµs s¤e d/ eoIk p'M s/ ftuko ehsk frnk j? id'Afe ftnki d/ p'M dk ftPb/PD ;kb 2013^14 s'A 2017^18 dh fwnkd ft¤u ehsk frnk j?. ;{ue nµe fJj do;kT[Adk j? fe d'tK wkgdµvK d/ ;µpµX ft¤u gµikp dh T[¤u ;µt/dBPhbsk j?.

N/pb 70L eoIk ;µt/dBPhbsk w?fNqe;

Fftnki

a dk Gk

o

(wkb

hJ/ g

qkgsh

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t/otk eoIk p'M (ihn?;vhgh bJh wjZstg{oD d/DdkohnK)

pj[s

finkdk

fiankdk

ਦਰਮਿਆਨੇ

ਘੱਟ

50# s''

ਉੱਪਰ

31#^50# 20#^30# 20# s'A xZN

pj[s

finkd

k

25#

s' T[go

finkd

k

16#

^25#

gzikp,e/obk,gZSwh pzrkb

r[iaoks ,jfonkDk

dofw

nk

Bk

10#

^15#

oki;EkB,T[so gqd/;a

nKXok gqd/;a,r'nk,skfwbBkv{

wjKok;aNok

xZN

10#

s' xZN

fuZso 125L ih n?; vh gh dh gqshPssk (wkou d/ nµs s¤e) ti'A gµikp dhnK pekfJnk d/DdkohnK


420

wkou 2020 d/ nµs s¤e oki ftek; eofInK dk gµikp dhnK pekfJnk d/DdkohnK dk 55 gqsh;as pDB dk nB[wkB j?. n?; vh n?b y[¤b/ pkIko ftu'A cµv i[NkT[D bJh okiK tk;s/ wkoehN w[yh :µso jB. fJBQK ƒ ikoh eoB dh ;j{bs nko ph nkJh d[nkok ehsh rJh j? ns/ ftnki dh do Bhbkwh d[nkok fBoXkos ehsh iKdh j?. fJ; bJh, fe;/ oki dh fJe wip{s ft¤sh ;fEsh fJ; ƒ x¤N ftnkI do *s/ wkoehN s'A eoIk b?D d/ :'r pDkJ/rh. fu¤so 126 ftu wkou, 2020 d/ nµs s¤e u'Dt/A okiK d/ w[ekpb/ gµikp dhnK pekfJnk d/DdkohnK dh pDso g/P ehsh rJh j?. fJj B'N ehsk ik ;edk j? fe oki ftek; eoI/, p?AeK ns/ ft¤sh ;µ;EktK s'A eoI/ ns/ gqkthv?AN cµv gµikp dhnK pekfJnk d/DdkohnK ftu gqw[¤y :'rdkB gkT[Ad/ jB. :{vhJ/tkJh :'iBk nXhB fd¤s/ eoI/ th oki dhnK e[b pekfJnk d/DdkohnK ftu brGr 7

gqsh;as dk wj¤stg{oB fj¤;k gkT[Ad/ jB. j'o ;kwb (T)w[nktiak ns/ j'o pKv ;akwb jB,(n) nkophnkJh s'A vpb:{n?wJ/ (J) ;?No s'A b'B (;) foiaot czv (j) iwQK ns/ T[Zdw (e) ;zeNekbhB czv

gµikp t¤b'A, n?;HvhHn?bI (y[¤b/ pkIko d/ eoI/) ns/ p?AeK ns/ ft¤sh ndkfonK s'A eoI/ t¤b tXD Bkb pekfJnk d/DdkohnK dh pDso dk fJ¤e gfotosB j'fJnk j?. fit/A fe fu¤so 127 ft¤u do;kfJnk frnk j?, n?;HvhHn?bI ns/ n?BHn?;Hn?;Hn?c (B?PBb ;wkb ;/ftµrI cµv) wkou 2011 d/ nµs s¤e pekfJnk d/DdkohnK ft¤u ;G s'A t¤vk :'rdkB gkT[D tkb/ ;B, fiBQK B/ eqwtko 38H4 gqsh;as ns/ 30H1 gqsh;as dk :'rdkB gkfJnk. idfe, wkou 2020 d/ nµs s¤e, n?; vh n?b dk fj¤;k 55H5 gqsh;as s¤e tfXnk. fJ; s'A fJbktk, pj[s/ okiK ns/ e/Ado Pk;s gqd/PK ƒ n?BH n?;H n?;H n?c d/ x/o/ s'A pkjo eoB dhnK 14t/A ft¤s efwPB dhnK f;ckoPK Bkb, 2020 ftu n?BH n?;H n?;H n?c dk fj¤;k xNe/ 7H3 gqsh;as ofj frnk j?.

55%64%

gzikp s[bBksfwe oki

oki d/ ftek; eofianK dh pekfJnk d/Ddkoh dk ;G s'A tZvk fjZ;k

n?;vhn?b p?AeK ns/ n?cnkJh s'A eoia/

T{d/ n?Bn?;n?;n?c

gqkthv?AN czv j'o

fuZso 126L ih n?; vh gh dh gqshPssk (wkou 2020 d/ nµs s¤e) ti'A gµikp dhnK pekfJnk d/DdkohnK


421

fu¤so 127Lgµikp d/ eoI/ dh pDso ftu spdhbh


j'o ;kwb (T)w[nktiak ns/ j'o pKv ;akwb jB,(n) nkophnkJh s'A vpb:{n?wJ/ (J) ;?No s'A b'B (;) foiaot czv (j) iwQK ns/ T[Zdw (e) ;zeNekbhB czv

7H5 iBse ft¤sh gqpµXB ;[Xko dhnK gfjb edwhnK

;w{fje ft¤sh gqpµXB gqDkbh (nkJh n?c n?w n?;)LnkJhHn?cHn?wHn?; oki d[nkok ubkJh rJh fJe ft¤sh gqpµXB gqDkbh j? i' fJ¤e gqGktPkbh cµv gqtkj gqDkbh d/ Bkb Bkb G[rskB^s/^b/ykgqDkbh B?N toe dh ;EkgBk d[nkok gµikp ;oeko ƒ tXhnk iBse ft¤sh gqpµXB dh ;j{bs gqdkB eodh j?.

Jhê[p/o Bkb J/eheoDL Jhê[p/o G[rskBK ns/ gqkgshnK dh gqfefonk bJh nko ph nkJh dk e'o p?Afeµr ;kfbT{PB (;h ph n?;) j?. Jhê[p/o d/ Jh^G[rskB wkvb ftu, G[rskBK s/ f;¤Xh ekotkJh nko ph nkJh d[nkok ehsh iKdh j?, fi; Bkb J/iµ;h p?AeK dh G{fwek ns/ T[BQK d/ Bshi/ ftu d/oh ysw j' iKdh j?. Jhê[p/o d/ Jhô;hd d/ wkvb ftu, t¤y^t¤y ;/tktK bJh ;oekoh o;hdK dh fog'ofNµr p?AeK d[nkok nko ph nkJh ƒ ehsh iKdh j ? ns/ nko ph nkJh d[nkok oki ƒ fJe ;µrfms o;hd dh fog'ofNµr ehsh iKdh j?.

;kJhpo yIkBk g'oNbL oki B/ t¤y^t¤y ;oekoh ;/tktK bJh BkrfoeK ns/ ;oeko dofwnkB nk¤BbkJhB gqDkbh okjhA b?D^d/D dh ;j{bs bJh fJe ;kJhpo yIkBk g'oNb (;h Nh gh) ftef;s ehsk j?. fJj fJe ;[o¤fyns g'oNb j? i' 24%7 (24 xzN/) T[gbpX j?, fi; d[nkok Bkrfoe ed/ th, fes/ th ;oekoh N?e; $ch; ubkB nkfd dk G[rskB eo ;ed/ jB. g'oNb ƒ n ?B n?; vh n?b (g/^r't) d/ g/w?AN r/Nt/ Bkb i'V fd¤sk frnk j?, fi; Bkb brGr 65 p?AeK d[nkok fJµNoB?N p?Afeµr okjhA BkrfoeK ƒ G [rskB dh ;[ftXk gqdkB ehsh ik ojh j?. fJ; ƒ n?; ph nkJh d/ G[rskB r/Nt/ Bkb i'fVnk frnk j? fi; dk Bkw wbNhgb nkgPB g/w?AN f;;Nw (n?w Ugh n?;) j? i' BkrfoeK ƒ v ?fpN ekov, eq?fvN ekov ns/ fJµNoB?N p?Afeµr d[nkok G[rskB dh ;j{bs gqdkB eodk j?.

38%55%

7%30%

7%6% 13%

15%11%

10% 7%

wkou,2011sZe wkou,2020 sZe

eoia/ gqsh ihn?;vhgh ;pzXh d/DdkohnKj'o

gqkthv?AN czv

p?AeK ns/n?cnkJhn?; s'Aeoia/

422

oki B/ ;hHNhHghH ƒ nkoHphHnkJhHd / Jhê[p/o gqDkbh Bkb i'VB dk c?;bk th ehsk j?, feT[Afe Jhê[p/o Bkb i[VBk J/iµ;h p?AeK d[nkok ;oekoh gqkgshnK dh fog'ofNµr ƒ ;[uko{ pDkJ/rk. g'oNb ƒ 31nes{po, 2018 s'A P[o{ eo fd¤sk frnk j?.

pke; 24 eoI/ dh ;fEosk

;o'sL oki ft¤sL piN dk nfXn?B, nko ph nkJh

eoI/ dh ;fEosk s/ v'wo d/ wkvb nB[;ko,w¤X tosh ntXh ft¤u ihvhgh dk fj¤;k x¤N j'Dk iK ;fEo ofjDk ukjhdk j? sK i' oki eoI/ d/ ikb ft¤u Bk c; ikt/. fgSb/ 10 ;kbK ft¤u, ihn?;vhgh dh gqshPssk ti''A gµikp dhnK e[¤b pekfJnk d/DdkohnK (fJ¤E/ eoI/ ƒ ihn?;vhgh nB[gks ti'A ;µp'fXs ehsk frnk j?) 30 gqsh;as s'A 40 gqsh;as (:{vhJ/tkJh eofInK ekoB 2016^17 ƒ S¤ve /) d/ dkfJo/ ft¤u nk rJhnK jB. v'wo fBoXkos eodk j? fe ihn?;vhgh nB[gks ƒ ;fEo iK x¤N oj/ eoI/ dh Pos ƒ g{ok eoB bJh, ;oekoh eofInK *s/ bkr{ ftnki do ihn?;vhgh d/ wkw{bh tkX/ Bkb'A x¤N j'Dh ukjhdh j?. fit/A fe fu¤so 128 ft¤u do;kfJnk frnk j?, 2014^15 ƒ S¤ve / bkr{ ftnki do wkw{bh ih n?; vh gh ftek; do d/ w[ekpb/ x¤N ojh j?. fu¤so 128L Bkwkso tkXk ns/ gqGktekoh ftnki do (gqsh;as)

;kXBL oki ft¤sL piN dk nfXn?B, nko ph nkJh gµikp d/ ;µdoG ft¤u iBse eoI/ d/ ftek; dk 2009^10 s'A nµefVnK dh tos'A eofdnK w[bKeD ehsk frnk j?. v'wo d/ nB[;ko, i/eo wkw{bh ih n?; vh gh ftek; do ftnki dh do Bkb'A t¤X j? ns/ w[¤Ybk xkNk fJe' fijk ofjµdk j? iK xNdk iKdk j?, sK ih vh gh d/ gqsh;as ti'A eoI/ dk ;Nke vh! g¤Xo *s/ ;fEo ofjµdk j? iK xNdk iKdk j?.fgSb/ 10 ;kbK d/ d"okB, B"A ;kbK ft¤u, gµikp B/ ihn?¤;vhgh dh wkw{bh tkXk do dk nB[Gt ehsk i' ftnki dh do Bkb'A t¤X ;h. ;kb 2017^18 ƒ S¤v e /, gµikp ftu w[¤Ybk xkNk jw/Pk jh w"i{d ;h. v'wo dh Pos nB[;ko, fJ; ;fEsh d/ sfjs, eoIk ;fEo j' ;edk j?L vh!&n?; $ (nkoîh) fi¤E/ n?¤; w[¤Ybk pekfJnk j?, nko wkw{bh ftnki do j? ns/ ih n?¤; vh gh dh ftek; do Bkwkso j?. fgSb/ 10 ;kbK d/ nµefVnK d/ nXko s/ (2009^10 s'A 2018^19), vh ! 20H4 gqsh;as pDdk j? (2015^16 ns/ 2016^17 ft¤u ftubD ƒ S¤v e / id'A :{vhJ/tkJh ;ehw d/ ekoB, w[¤Ybk xkNk r?o^nB[gks ftu T[¤uk ;h). n;EkJh s"o s/ fJj 2000^01 s'A 2008^09 d"okB d/y/ rJ/ 26H6 gqsh;as s'A x¤N j?.fJj eoia/ dh ;fEosk d/ ;zdoG ftZu fJZe T[s;akjiBe ftek; j?.

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

nkw ftnkia do(#) nkw tkXk do (#)

423

gpfbe ft¤sh gqpµXB gqDkbh (ghHn?¤cHn?¤wHn?¤;H)LghHn?¤cHn?¤wHn?¤;Hg'oNb j? i' Gkos ;oeko d[nkok e/Adoh ;gK;ov ;ehwK (;h n?; n?;) bJh fJe^fJe bkG gksoh s¤e cµvK dh tµv *s/ fBrokBh o¤yD bJh fsnko ehsk frnk j?. ;h n?; n?; d/ nXhB cµvK d/ you/ d/ ;pµX ft¤u oki d/ yIkB/ s'A Gkos ;oeko ƒ fBoµso vkNk gqtkB eoB bJh gµikp oki B / nkgD/ nkJhHn?cHn?;Hn?; ƒ ghHn ?cHn?wHn?; Bkb J/ehfeqs ehsk j?. oki B/ gfjbK jh nkJhHn?¤cHn?¤wHn?¤;H ft¤u ;kb 2018^19 bJh e/Adoh gq:'fis ;ehwK 38 :'iBktK ftu'A 33 w?g eo bJhnK jB.

wB[¤yh ;o's gqpµXB gqDkbh (n?u nko n?w n?;)Lgµikp ;oekoB/ @wkBt ;µgdk@, n?BHnkJhH;h d[nkok ;oekoh eowukohnK d/ ;oft; foekovK d/ eµfgT{NoheoB bJh fsnko ehsk fJe ;k¤cNt/no ngDkfJnk j?. fJj ;k¤cNt/no oki d/ ;ko/ gqPk;eh ftGkrK ft¤u bkr{ ehsk frnk j?, fi; sfjs ;ko/ eowukohnK d/ sBykj fp¤bK ns/ T[BQK dh Jh^;oft; dhnK feskpK f;;Nw s/ fsnko ehshnK rJhnK jB.

g?BPBoK dk vkNkp/; ns/ w'pkJhb n?gL oki B/ nkJh n?c n?w n?; ftu nkgD/ g?BPBoK dk f;µrb fJb?eNqkfBe vkNk p/; th fsnko ehsk j?. g?BPBoK d/ v/Nkp/; dh T[gbpXsk Bkb ;oeko ftneshrs g?BPBK dh ;t?îKu s'A fJbktk fJ; d/ g?BPB p'M, Bhshrs dyb nµdkIh d/ ;µGkfts BshfinK dk ;jh nB[wkB brk ;edh j?.

tkjB gqpµXB gqDkbh (thHn?¤wHn?¤;H)LthHn?¤wHn?¤; ;oeko d/ t¤y^t¤y ftGkrK ftu ;oeko d[nkok wkbehns ;ko/ tkjBK dk fJe' vkNkp/; fsnko eoB tkbh fJe t?¤p nXkos n?gbhe/PB j?. fJj ftP/P s"o s/ fe;/ nk|s d/ ;w/A tkjBK dh ;op'sw T[g:'rsk ƒ :ehBh pDkT[Adh j?, ghUn?b (g?No'bhnw, s/b ns/ b[pohe?AN;) ns/ gqpµXB yofunK dk ;jh nB[wkB brkT[Adh j?, ns/ fJ; soQK, T[fus piN pDkT[D ft¤u ;jkfJsk eodhj?. f;;Nw ƒ 01, wkou 2018 s'A ;cbsk g{ote bkr{ ehsk frnk j?.

JhôkiL Jhôki ;oeko d/ t¤y^t¤y ftGkrK ftu ;oeko dh wkbeh tkbh ikfJdkd (IwhB$fJwkosK) dk fJe vkNkp/; fsnko eoB tkbh fJe t?¤p nXkos n?gbhe/PB j?. fJj ;oeko e'b T[gbp¤X p[fBnkdh YKu/ dk vkNkp/; fsnko eodh j? ns/ p[fBnkdh YKu/ dh ;op'sw tos'A bJh fpjso Bhshrs c?;fbnK ftu ;oeko dh ;jkfJsk eodh j?.

425

nfXnkfJ 8L oki gqpµX

;ob PpdK ftu oki gqpµX ;[Xko T[jBK gqfeqnktK, wkg^dµvK ns/ edoK^ehwsK tkb/ YKfunK ƒ

do;kT[Adk j? i' fJj ;[fBPfus eod/ jB fe ;oeko BkrfoeK gqsh itkpd/j pDh oj/, nkgD/

eµweki ft¤u gkodoPh j't/, b'eK dhnK Io{osK gqsh itkpd/j j't/, ekƒB ns/ ;fEosk dk Pk;B

ekfJw o¤y/, nkgD/ J/iµv/ ft¤u ;wkBsk ns/ b'eK dh ;aw{bhns pDkJh o¤y/, ;wki d/ ;w{j torK

ƒ wiap{s pDkJ/, ns/ nkgDh ekoi;a?bh Gkrhdkoh tkb/ Yµr Bkb ubkJ/ (:{B?;e').

gµikp B/ oki ft¤u oki gqpµX ƒ wIp{s eoB bJh t¤y t¤y wkgdzv ngDkJ/ jB. gzikp ;fEo

ftek; Nhuk 16L PKsh, fBnK ns/ wIp{s ;µ;EktK (n?;HvhHihH fJµv?e;, Bhsh nk:'r 2019^20)

s/ gµikp, Gkos ft¤u f;yo d/ okiK ft¤u'A fJ¤e j?. fJ; fdPk ftu u[¤e/ rJ/ e[M edw fJ; gqeko

jBL (1) g[fb; fPekfJsK dk gsk brkT[D bJh, ngokX ns/ ngokXh No?feµr B?Ntoe ns/

gqDkbhnK (;h;hNhn?Bn?;) gq'i?eeN bkr{ eoBk (2) fJ¤e BtK b'egkb ekƒB bkr{ eoBk fi; ftZu

b'egkb ƒ w[¤y wµsoh ns/ wµsohnK ;w/s ;ko/ g¤XoK s/ B"eoPkjh fto[¤X fPekfJsK s/ ekotkJh

eoB dk nfXeko fdZsk frnk (3) oki^gqpµX B?fsesk ns/ ;[Xko efwPB dh ;EkgBk, (4) iBse

;/tktK dh ;g[odrh ftu gµikp gkodoPsk ns/ itkpd/jh n?eN bkr{ eoBk, ns/ (5) gkodoPsk

tXkT[D bJh iBse yohd n?eN 2019 fbnkT[Dk. oki B/ ;{uBk ns/ ;µuko N?eBkb'ih

(nkJhH;hHNhH) dk th bkG T[mkfJnk j? ns/ iBse ;/tktK dh ;g[odrh ns/ ;oeko d/ eµweki

ftu fJe fw;kbh spdhbh fbnkT[D d/ T[d/P Bkb t¤y^t¤y Jh^rtoB?A; gfjbedwhnK g/P

ehshnK jB.

8H1 ikD^gSkD

otkfJsh s"o s/ feos, g{µih ns/ T[sgkdesk

d/P d/ nkofEe ftek; ƒ fBoXkos eoB

tkb/ gqw[¤y ekoe wµB/ iKd/ jB.Gkt/A fe,

;tkb fJj T[¤mdk j? e[M d/PK iK okiK ft¤u

tX/o/ feos, g{µih iK T[sgkdesk fet/A ns/

feT[A j[µdh j? ns/ d{;o/ feT[A BjhA eod/.

fJ;dk fJe ;µGkts T[¤so fJj j? fe Pk;B

d/ Yzr sohe/ fJe wj¤stg{oD G{fwek ndk

eod/ jB (fJ; ;pµXh nB[Gth ;kfjs pko/

ftuko tNKdo/ bJh pke; 1 d/y'). fJ; d/

eJh ekoB jB. ;oekoK ekƒB dk fB:w

;Ekgs eodhnK jB, i' ikfJdkd d/

nfXekoK, m/e/, g/N?ANK nkfd ƒ bkr{ eoB

fu¤so 129L oki gqpµX d/ s¤s

426

bJh wj¤stg{oD j[zd/ jB, fJj ;ko/ T[¤dwPhbsk ns/ fB¤ih T[¤dw d/ ftek; ƒ tXkT[D dh ;j{bs

gqdkB eod/ jB. ;oekoK nkgD/ eµweki ftu gkodoPsk fbnk e/, ;fEo w[dok gqDkbh nkfd dk

fBowkD eoe/ ;wki ftu nkgDk ftPtk; tXkT[AdhnK jB sK i' wzvh dk g;ko j' ;e/. ;oekoK

fJj ;[fBPfus eodhnK jB fe e'Jh th fg¤S/ Bk oj/ fi; Bkb ;wkfie ns/ nkofEe ;fEosk ƒ

T[sPkj fwbdk j?. fJ; bJh, fJe ;[u¤ik oki^gqpµX noE^ftt;Ek ƒ ftek; dh T[¤u Pq/Dh dh

fdPk fbikD bJh fJe :'r tksktoD dh ;j{bs d/ ;edk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk, fJj th ;[fBPfus

eodk j? fe T[; ftek; s'A j'D tkb/ ckfJfdnK ƒ ;wkB o{g ftZu ;wki d/ ;ko/ torK ft¤u tzfvnK

ikt/.

Gkos dk ;µftXkB ;µx ns/ okiK dofwnkB PeshnK ns/ fIzw/tkohnK ƒ t¤yok eodk j?. ;µftXkB

dh ;¤sthA ;{uh ftu 66 ftfPnK dh ;{uh fd¤sh rJh j?, i' oki d/ dkfJo/ ftu nkT[Ad/ jB.

y/shpkVh, y[oke yohd, gkDh dh ;gbkJh, IwhB, f;js ns/ f;¤fynk oki d/ ftfPnK ftu'A e[M

jB. BkrfoeK ƒ fJBQK ftfPnK d/ ;µpµX ft¤u f;¤X/ oki ns/ ;EkBe ;oekoK Bkb r¤bpks eoBh

g?Adh j?.

pke; 25L eh fpjso gq;ak;B fpjso ftek; d/ BshfinK t¤b b? iKdk j?<

Pk;B ƒ ‘goµgoktK ns/ ;µ;EktK ti'A gfoGkPs ehsk iKdk j? fi; d[nkok fe;/ d/P ft¤u nfXeko

dk fJ;s/wkb ehsk iKdk j?’ (e"cw?B n?N nb, 1999). fJ; ft¤u okiBhfse gqfefonk Pkwb j'

;edh j? i' fJj fBoXkos eodh j? fe ;oeko fet/A pDh j? (T[dkjoD ti'A b'esµso pBkw fJ¤e

gkoNh Pk;B), Bhsh fBowkD ns/ gqPk;B ft¤u gqGktPhbsk, ns/ ftXkB ;Gk, fBnKgkfbek,

nca;oPkjh, whvhnk nkfd torhnK ;µ;EktK dh r[Dt¤sk. ;kfjs, Pk;B ns/ ;µ;EktK ftek;

ns/ ftek; ft¤u wj¤stg{oD G{fwek ti'A t/yhnK iKdhnK jB. fJ; ft;a/ Bkb ;pzfXs ;kfjs

ftu, gqPk;B ns/ ;µ;EktK dh G{fwek ƒ tkX/ ns/ ftek; ft¤u wj¤stg{oD wµfBnk frnk j?.

T[dkjoD ti'A, e"cw?B J/N nb (1999) B/ f;¤Nk e¤fYnk fe ;[u¤ik oki^gqpµX ftek; d/ BshfinK

ƒ ;ekokswe s"o s/ gqGkts eodk j?. fJ; d/ bJh, T[j ‘oki^gqpµX* ;{ueK dk fJ¤e vkNkp/;

fsnko eod/ jB fi; ft¤u S/ ;w{jK ft¤u ikDekoh gqkgs ehsh iKdh j?L “nktkI ns/ itkpd/jh@

ns/ “okiBhfse n;fEosk ns/ fjµ;k@, I' fwb e/ fBog¤ysk iK ;"y ƒ do;kT[AdhnK jB fi;

Bkb ;oeko pdbdh j?l “;oeko dh gqGktPhbsk@ ns/ “fB:we p'M@ ;oekoh Bhsh fBowkD

ft¤u ekoie[Pbsk ƒ jk;b eod/ jBl ns/ “ekƒB dk Pk;B@ ns/ “tZYh@ oki ns/ BkrfoeK dk

ndkfonK ft¤u ftPtk; wkgd/ jB. jo/e ;{ue ftub/ nµeV/ wkjoK iK BkrfoeK d/ okPNoh

;ot/yDK d/ ftukoK *s/ nXkos j[µd/ jB. fco T[j oki^gqpµX ;{ueK ns/ ftek; d/ BshfinK fit/A

fe gqsh ftnesh nkwdB, pkb w"s do ns/ pkbr ;kyosk d/ jo/e ;w{j ft¤u ;ekokswe

nkg;h ;pµX b¤Gd/ jB.

427

n?;w'rb, i"B;B ns/ okfpB;B (2001l 2002) fJj gsk brkT[D bJh tX/o/ ;{yw ;kXB dh tos'A

eod/ jB fi; Bkb g{oph :{oghnB T[gfBt/PK ft¤u, d/PK dh gqsh ftnesh nkwdBh ft¤u nµso,

p;shtkd d/ ;w/A n";s w"s do ns/ nkpkdh dh xDsk ft¤u nµso d[nkok ;wMkfJnk ik ;edk

j?. pknd tkb/ T[BQK ;µ;EktK dh gqfeosh bJh pdb ti'A tos/ iKd/ jB i' fJ¤E/ fte;s j'J/ ns/

ekfJw oj/. nfijk fJ; bJh j? feT[Afe p;shnK ftubhnK ;µ;EktK dk ;[Gkn fJ; r¤b s/ t¤yok

;h fe eh p;shtkdhnK B/ ya[d fJ¤E/ t¤vh frDsh ftu (nwohek, eB/vk, nk;No/bhnk ns/

fBT{Ihb?Av) t¤; rJ/ ;h iK BjhA ^ ncohek, w¤X^nwohek, e?o/phnB ns/ d¤yDh J/Phnk. pknd

tkfbnK ftZu, T[jBK B/ “fBPeoPD@ okiK dk ftek; eoBk ;h fiE/ ikfJdkd d/ nfXeko f;oc

e[M e[ T[¤u torK ƒ fd¤s/ rJ/ ;B ns/ fJ¤E/ p/ekp{, skBkPkjh ;oeko ;h. fJ;d/ T[bN, T[jBK

y/soK ft¤u fiE/ T[BQK B/ nkgD/ nkg ƒ t;kfJnk ;h, ;wki d/ ftPkb fj¤;/ bJh ikfJdkd d/

nfXekoK dh roµNh fd¤sh rJhH p;shtkd d/ ;w/A p;sh ftu T[¤u w"s do ns/ T[¤u nkpkdh dh

xDsk “wkV/ oki^gqpµX@ dk ;µe/s ;B.

p/Pe, fJj e'Jh ;fjwsh ns/ gj[zuh j'Jh pfj; BjhA j?. noE Pk;soh wkV/ oki^gqpµX d/ Bkb

T[¤u ftek; d/ i[V/ j'D dhnK T[dkjoDK t¤b fJPkok eod/ jB. d{i/ ftPt :[¤X s'A pknd g{zihtkd

d"okB igkB dh s/Ih Bkb nkofEe ftek; do, iK fBT{:koe Pfjo dk ftek;, id'A fe 19thA ;dh

ft¤u Pfjo dh ;oeko ƒ fGqPNkuko d/ fJe e{V/ d/ Y/o ti'A t/fynk iKdk ;h, nfij/ T[dkjoD

jB.

;kXBL n?;hw'rb{, vhl i/H okfpB;B, (2008) ftek; ns/ ftek; ftu ;µ;EktK dh G{fwek. ftek; s/ ftek; ekoi efwPB dk efwPB BµH 10H e"cw?B, vhl J/, eq?J/l gh I'fJv'b'pkNBH (1999)H gqPk;B d/ wkwb/H tobv p?Ae gkfb;h fo;ou tofeµr g/go 2196.t/b, vhH (2012)H nkofEe ftek; nµsookPNoh n?vhPBH bµvBL o[b/i

;[u¤ik oki^gqpµX pokpoh ns/ fBnK, gkodoPsk, itkpd/jh, fiµw/tkoh ns/ ftnkge iBse

Gkrhdkoh ƒ :ehBh pDkT[Adk j?. fJj nfXnkJ/ gµikp d/ gq;µr ftu oki^gqpµX d/ t¤y t¤y s¤sK

pko/ ftuko tNKdo/ eodk j?. fJBQK s¤sK ftu Pkwb jBL (1) ekƒB ftt;Ek (2) fGqPNkuko dk

w[ekpbk (3) Jh^rtoB?A; (4) gkodoPsk ns/ (5) ;EkBe ;µ;EktK dk ;PesheoB, fit/A fe

fu¤so 1 ftu do;kfJnk frnk j?.

fJj nfXnkfJ oki ;oeko d[nkok wiap{s gq;ak;B d/ YKfunK ns/ gqfefonktK ƒ :ehBh pDkT[D

bJh oki ;oeko d[nkok ehshnk rJhnK t¤y^t¤y gfjbedwhnK s/ th ukBDk gkT[Adk j?.

428

;fEo ftek; Nhuk 16L PKsh, fBnK ns/ wIp{s ;µ;EktK, Bhsh nk:'r d/ n?;HvhHihH ;{uek nµe

2019^20 nB[;ko gµikp 83 nzeK d/ ;e'o Bkb fJ; Nhu/ ftZu w'joh oki j?. okPNoh g¤Xo s/

fJj nµe 72 j?. oki^gqpµX d/ y/so ftu gµikp ;oeko dhnK gfjbedwhnK dk gqGkt fJ; Nhu/

s/ oki d/ S/t/A doi/ s/ j'D s'A ;g¤PN j?. 29 okiK ftu'A oki ftu gqsh 100,000 nkpkdh (fbµr

dh T[wo ns/ P'PD dh fe;w nB[;ko) fg¤S/ wB[¤yh s;eoh d/ fPeko j'J/ b'eK dh frDsh ns/

;ohoe wB'ftfrnkBe iK fiB;h fjµ;k d/ nXhB nkpkdh dk nB[gks ;G s'A x¤N j?.

8H2 ekƒB ns/ ftt;Ek

ekƒB ns/ ftt;Ek ƒ :ehBh pDkT[Dk Pk;B dk fJe

wj¤stg{oB s¤s j?. iBse ftt;Ek oki d/ nµdo

;wkBsk, fBog¤ysk ns/ r?o^wBwkBh ƒ :ehBh pDkT[Ad/

j'J/ ekƒB d/ Pk;B Bkb PKshg{oB ns/ ;dGktBk tkb/

;wki ƒ :ehBh pDkT[Adk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk, fjµ;k ns/

ftrkV nkofEe ftek; ns/ so¤eh ƒ ewI'o eodk j?

fi; Bkb nftef;ssk dk fGnkBe u¤eo pD iKdk j?.

Gkos d/ ;µftXkB dh ;¤sthA ;{uh d/ nXhB g[fb; ns/ iBse ftt;Ek oki d/ ftP/ jB. iBse

ftt;Ek ƒ pDkJh o¤yDk ns/ ekƒB d/ ;ak;B ƒ ekfJw o¤yDk oki d/ bkIwh eµw jB I' g[fb;

pbK ns/ fBnKgkfbek gqDkbh dh ;jkfJsk Bkb ehs/ iKd/ jB. ;kb 2018 s¤e, oki Go ftu

422 EkD/ T[gbpX ;B.

gµikp g[fb; B/ ngDh ;wo¤Ek ƒ wIp{s eoB ns/ ;wekbh ekƒB ftt;Ek dhnK u[D"shnK dk

;kjwDk eoB bJh eqkJhw n?Av feqwhBb Nq?feµr B?Ntoe n?Av f;;Nw (;h;hNhn?Bn?;) gq'i?eN P[o{

ehsk. fJ; gq'i?eN dk T[d/P ngokX ns/ ngokfXe foekovK dk d/P ftnkgh nzeVk nkXko

(vkNkp/;) fsnko eoBk ns/ d/P Go d/ ;ko/ EkfDnK ns/ T[BQK d/ ;[gotkJhIoh dcsoK ƒ

ikDekoh ;KMk eoB bJh i'VBk j? ns/ EkfDnK ftu d?fBe eµwK ƒ ;t?^ukbe (nkN'w?fNe) eoBk

j?. fe;/ th EkD/ ftu e'Jh th g[fb; nfXekoh fe;/ e/; dh ft;fsqs gVskb bJh fJ; vkNkp/;

s¤e gj[µu ;edk j? ns/ b'VhAd/ Bshi/ s/ gqkgs eo ;edk j?.

gµikp d/ ;ko/ EkfDnK B/ ;hH;hHNhHn?¤BHn?¤;H ngBk e/ fJe tZvh g[bKx g[¤Nh j?. gµikp d/ ;ko/

EkfDnK ƒ eµfgT{No jkovt/no Bkb I'fVnk frnk j? ns/ fJµNoB?N IohJ/ ;N/N vkNk ;?ANo Bkb

i'fVnk frnk j?. ;h;hNhn?Bn?; okjhA n?cHnkJhHnko ns/ iBob vkfJohnK dh nk¤BbkJhB

ofi;Nq/;aB dh th P[o{nks ehsh rJh j?. Bkrfoe T[fus n?c nkJh nko Bµpo dkyb eoe/ T[BQK

d[nkok doi eotkJhnK rJhnK n?c nkJh nko dh fJ¤e ekgh vkT{Bb'v eo ;ed/ jB.

gzikp ftZu ;G s'A tZX g[fb; ;woZE j?. gzikp ftZu gqsh bZy

t;'A fgS/ 275 g[fb; tkb/ T[gbpX jB I' fe Gkos dh n";s 134 gqsh bZy frDsh

Bkb'A eohp d[ZrD/ jB.

429

pke; 26L gqGktPkbh :'iBkpµdh bJh G{r'fbe ikDekoh gqDkbh (ihnkJhn?;)

gzikp y/soh :'iBkpzdh bJh ihnkJhn?; dh gqGkt;akbh Yzr Bkb bkr{ eoB bJh noE ns/

nzeVk ;zrmB (Jh n?; U) ,:'iBkpzdh ftGkr ftZu ihnkJhn?; ;?b, 20 wJh, 2013 B{z pDkfJnk

frnk ;h. Jhn?;U ns/ gzikp fow'N ;?Af;zr ;?ANo (ghnkon?;;h) b[fXnkDk B/ ;oeko d/

tZy^tZy ftGkrkA Bkb ftuko tNkAdo/ ns/ whfNzrkA s'A pknd ;kAM/ s"o s/ gzikp ihnkJhn?; bJh

fJZe S'Nh fwnkd dh ekoi :'iBk fsnko ehsh. fJ; :'iBk ftZu g{o/ oki bJh g;a{ gkbD,

iBrDBk, f;Zfynk, f;js, ;[ftXk, n?w gh b?v, wBo/rk, ib ;o's ns/ N{foiw ih nkJh n?;

;akwb jB. fJ; :'iBk ftZu ev;Nqb w?fgzr, fwT{A;hgb ihnkJhn?;, fwZNh dh e[nkbNh, ekopB

nekT[AfNzr, eBkb ihnkJhn?; nkfd d/ gkfJbN nfXn?B th ;akwb jB. fJjBkA ;ko/ EhwkA

(ev;Nqb w?fgzr, fwT{A;hgb ihnkJhn?;, ekopB nekT[AfNzr s'A fJbktk) dh ihnkJhn?; vkNkp/;

dh fsnkoh g{oh j' u[Zeh j? ns/ g{o/ j' u[Ze/ EhwK dh t?p ihnkJhn?; fsnko ehsh ik u[Zeh j? i'

noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB d[nkok B?;aBb ;?ANo nkc ihU fJBckow/fNe, B?;aBb Jh^rtoB?A;

fvthiB ns/ wfB;Noh nkc fJb?eNqkfBe; ns/ fJBcow/;aB N?eBkb'ih (n?w Jh nkJh NhtkJh),

Gkos ;oeko d/ ;fj:'r Bkb g{ok ehsk frnk. gzikp ihnkJhn?; g'oNb ibdh jh ftGkrkA ns/

iBsk dh tos'A bJh bkAu ehsk ikt/rk.

id'A fe fJ; gqki?eN d/ fjZ;/ ti'A 2005 s'A 2017 d/ 13 ;kb g[okDk vkNk (n?cHnkJhHnkoH ns/ iBob vkfJohnkA) B{z gfjbkA jh ezfgT{NokJhiv eo fdZsk frnk j?, GftZy dk ;kok vkNk j[D s'A pknd54 ngb'v ehsk ikt/rk. fJzNoUgo/pb feqwhBb i;fN; f;;Nw (nkJhH;hHi/Hn?Z;H) bkr{ eoB ftu th gzikp w'joh fojk j?. nkJh;hi/n?; dk Nhuk ;h;hNhn?Bn?; gqki?eN B{z JhH e'oNkA ns/ JhHi/bQkA d/ vkNkp/;kA Bkb ns/ ngokfXe fBnkA gqDkbh d/ j'o EzwkA^c'o?Af;e, w[eZdwk, fe;a'o xokA ns/ ngokXhnkA dk fJZe d/;a ftnkgh fczrofgqzN vkNk nXko B{z gVkntko sohe/ Bkb J/ehfeqs eoBk j?. J/eheoD B{z fBnKgkfbek, g[fb; ns/ i/bQkA ftu v?;eN"g v?;ap'ov okjhA gj[zu d/ e/ jk;b ehsk ikt/rk ns/ ngokfXe nzefVnkA dh gqkgsh bJh ikAu, wip{s y'i dh ;j{bs fwb/rh. nkJh;hi/n?; gq'i?eN d/ sfjs ;ko/ EkfDnkA bJh ok;aNoh ngokX ns/ ngokfXe v/Nk y'i B{z th ;ko/ EkfDnKA ftu T[gbpX eokfJnk frnk j?.

gµikp Gkos dk gfjbk oki j? fi;B/ efwT{fBNh

g[fbf;µr “;KM** ;pzXh gqki?eN bKu ehsk j?.

gµikp g[fb; efwT{fBNh g[fbf;µr dh ftukoXkok

ft¤u ftPtk; o¤ydh j? ns/ ;KM ƒ P[o{ eoe/

;wki ƒ g[fb; d/ eµweki Bkb i'V ojh j?. ;KM

gqki?eN oki ftu 27 efwT{fBNh g[fb; fo;'o;

;?ANo (fIbQk ;KM e/Ado), 114 efwT{fBNh g'bhf;µr

54 http://punjab.gov.in/key-initiative?view=show&pp_id=27187 as viewed on 30 January 2020

430

;[ftXk ;?ANo (;p^vthIB ;KM e/Ado) ns/ 363 g[fb; ;N/PB nkT{Nohu ;?ANo (EkDk ;KM e/Ado)

;Ekgs jB. jo ;KM e/Ado fJ¤e g[fb;^gpfbe ew/Nh d[nkok ubkfJnk iKdk j? fi; ft¤u fJ¤e

g[fb; nfXekoh, ;kpek w?Apo i' ;oekoh ftGkrK fit/A f;js, f;¤fynk, fJ;soh ns/ pkb GbkJh

nkfd dh B[wkfJµdrh eod/ jB ns/ ekbiK d/ fgqµ;hgb, g/P/to ns/ r?o^;oekoh ;µ;EktK d/

B[wkfJµd/ Pkwb j[µd/ jB. fJj ;KM e/Ado BkrfoeK ƒ gµikp g[fb; dhnK 20 f;tb ;/tktK

w[j¤Jhnk eokT[D bJh fIzw/tko jB, i' ;/tk nfXeko n?eN, 201155 d/ nXhB fBoXkos ehshnK

rJhnK jB. oki d/ fe;/ th fj¤;/ s'A, fiBQK ftu oki d/ d{odoki d/ fJbke/ th Pkwb jB,

Bkrfoe fe;/ th EkD/ dhnK ;/tktK b?D bJh BIdheh ;KM e/Ado fty/ ik ;ed/ jB. ;KM g'oNb

BkrfoeK ƒ n?cHnkJhHnkoH vkT{Bb'v eoB, T[BQK dhnK fPekfJsK dh ;fEsh dk gsk brkT[D ns/

r[µwP[dk$nrtk ehs/ rJ/ ftneshnK, u'oh j'JhnK iK r[µwhnK uhIK, frqcsko$b'VhAd/ ftneshnK,

nkfd dh ikDekoh b?D d/ :'r pDkT[Adk j?. w[¤y wµsoh gµikp dk dcso ;KM e/AdoK s'A iBse

;/tktK dh bzfps ;fEsh dh brksko fBrokBh o¤ydk j? ns/ fJ; soQK gµikp d/ t;BheK ƒ

Bkrfoe ;/tktK dh ;w/A f;o ;g[odrh ƒ :ehBh pDk e/ d/oh ƒ xNkfJnk frnk j?.

Jh^i/bQ gqki?eN ƒ bkr{ eoB ftu gµikp d/P dk w'joh ;{pk fojk j? fi; ƒ oki dhnK ;kohnK

i/bQK ftu bkr{ ehsk frnk j?. fJ; gq'i?eN dk dkfJok i/bQ ft¤u e?dh ns/ e?dh gqpµXB Bkb

i[VhnK ;kohnK rshftXhnK ƒ eµfgT{Nohfeqs ns/ J/ehfeqs eoBk j?. fJj n?gbhe/PB ;{N i/bQ

ft¤u pµd e ?dhnK pko/ n;b wkj"b ft¤u i/bQ nfXekohnK ns/ j'o ;µ;EktK ƒ ngokfXe fBnK

gqDkbh ft¤u Pkwb wj¤stg{oD ikDekoh gqdkB eodk j?.fJj nk¤BbkJhB w[bkeks dh p/Bsh ns/

fPekfJs fBtkoD dh ;j{bs th fdµdk j?.

Jh^i/bQ n?gbhe/PB ;{N, n?BnkJh;h d[nkok fte;s, fJ¤e ebkT[v nXkos T[sgkd j? i' tos'A

ft¤u nk;kB rqkfceb tos'Aeko fJµNoc/; (ih:{nkJh) Bkb fsnko ehsk frnk j? ns/ fJ¤e ftPkb

;[o¤fynk ftP/PsktK ;akwb j?. fJ; t/b/ wkB:'r jkJh e'oN d/ nkd/PK nB[;ko oki dhnK i/bQK

ft¤u e;Nvh ;oNhfce/N wfvT{b bkr{ ehsk ik fojk j?.

8H3 fGqPNkuko dk w[ekpbk eoBk

fGqPNkuko ƒ ysw eoBk f;oc B?fse s"o s/ jh

Io{oh BjhA ;r'A nkofEe ns/ ;wkie s"o s/ th

Io{oh j?. fGqPNkuko dk noE^ftt;Ek s/ wkVk

n;o g?Adk j? feT[Afe fJj ekƒB d/ oki ft¤u

dybnµdkIh eodk j?, fB¤ih T[¤dw ƒ o'edk j?

ns/ N?e; ndkeosktK d/ g?;/ popkd eodk

j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk, fGqPNkuko T[BQK BhshnK ns/ gq'rokwK ƒ ewI'o eodk j? fiBQK dk T[d/P

55 http://www.punjabpolice.gov.in/rtsData.aspx as assessed on 30 January 2020

gzikp b'egkb n?eN 1996 dh EK s/ fJZe BtK b'egkb ekB{zB pDkfJnk

frnk fi; Bkb b'egkb B{z ;ko/ gZXoK s/ w[Zy wzsoh, wzsohnK ns/

nc;o;akjh fybkc ekotkJh eoB dk nfXeko j't/rk (ns/ f;cko;a nEkoNh

BjhA j't/rh).

431

rohph ƒ xNkT[Dk j?. fJ; soQK, fGqPNkuko dk w[ekpbk eoBk ;µ:[es okPNo d/ ;fEo ftek;

NhfunK dk e/Adofpµd{ j?.

ftihb?A; fpT[o', gµikp ;oeko d/ ftihb?A; ftGkr dk w[¤y gVskb ftµr j? i' iBse ihtB ftu

fGqPNkuko fto'Xh T[gkn ns/ iKu ƒ fB:µsfos eodk j?. ftihb?A; fpT[o' B/ fGqPNkuko ƒ o'eD

bJh eJh soQK dhnK o'eEkwK ns/ I[owkBkswe T[gkn ehs/ jB fiBQK ftu ngokfXe d[okuko d/

e/; wkwb/, g[¤Sfr¤S, gVskb, Skg/wkoh, ikfJdkd Ips eoB, ngokXhnK fybkc w[e¤dwk

ubkT[Dk, frocskohnK nkfd Pkwb jB. ftihb?A; fpT[o' fty/ ;kb 2019 (31 d;µpo 2019 s¤e)

ftu doi e/;K dk t/otk j/mK fd¤s/ nB[;ko56 j?L

1H ftihb?A; gVskbKL fGqPNkuko dhnK t¤y t¤y ekotkJhnK ftu efEs s"o s/ Pw{bhns

eoB d/ d'P ftu rIfNv nfXekohnK d/ fybkc 13, r?o^rIfNv nfXekohnK fto[¤X 22 ns/

gqkJht/N ftneshnK fto[¤X 6 ftihb?A; gVskbK doi ehshnK rJhnK ;B.

2H ftihb?A; ftGkr e'b e[¤b 226 e/; doi ehs/ rJ/ ;B, fiBQK ft¤u'A 21 rIfNv

nfXekohnK f\bkca, 160 r?o^rIfNv nfXekohnK f\bkca ns/ 44 fB¤ih ftneshnK fto[¤X ;B.

fJ;d/ w[ekpb/, 2018 ft¤u 293 e/; doi ehs/ rJ/ ;B.

3H ikb;kiah d/ e/;L ikb;kiah d/ 165 e/; doi ehs/ rJ/, fiBQK ftu'A 13 rIfNv nc;oK

fto[ZX, 134 r?o^rIfNv nfXekohnK fto[ZX ns/ 18 fB¤ih ftneshnK fto[¤X ;B.

4H ngokfXe d[okuko d/ e/;K dh ofi;Nq/PBL ;kb 2018 ftu 107 d/ w[ekpb/ 7 rIfNv

nc;oK, 24 r?o^rIfNv nfXekohnK ns/ 26 fBih ftneshnK d/ fybk| 57 ngokfXe d[okuko

d/ e/; 2019 ftZu doi ehs/ rJ/ jB.

5H p/fj;kph ikfJdkd d/ wkwb/L 3 e/;

ofi;No ehs/ rJ/. rIfNv nfXekohnK fybkc

1 ns/ BkB^rIfNv nc;oK fto[¤X 2 wkwb/ doi

ehs/ rJ/ fiE/ ;ko/ ;o'sK dk b/yk eoB s'A pknd

fe;/ ftnesh dh fBo'b nkofEe ;µgsh T[;

;µgsh s'A ekcah t¤X j? i' T[; e'b ekƒBh nkwdB

d/ nB[;ko j'Dh ukjhdh j?.

6H ia[ow dh doL ;kb 2019 ftu ;Ik dh do 35 gqsh;as ojh i' fe 2017 ftu 42 gqsh;as

;h ns/ 2018 ftu 35 gqsh;as ;h. 42 e/;K ftu ;Ik ;[Dk fd¤sh rJh, fiBQK ftu'A 5 rIfNv

56 http://vigilancebureau.punjab.gov.in/crime_statistics.php, as accessed on 22 January 2020

rtoB?A; n?fEe; ns/ fockowia efw;aB dh ;EkgBk fJj SkDphD eoB

bJh ehsh rJh j? fe ftGkrK$p'ovK$ekog'o/;aBK tb'A 50 eo'V

o[gJ/ s'A T[go gqkgs gq'i?eNK dhnK sithiaK s/ nkgDh f;cko;a fdzdk j?.

432

fu¤so 130L ftihb?A; fpT[o' dk nk¤BbkJhB fPekfJs g'oNb

nfXekohnK d/ fto[¤X ;B, 31 BkB^rIfNv nfXekohnK d/ fto[¤X ;B ns/ 6 fB¤ih ftneshnK d/

fto[¤X ;B.

2020 d/ gfjb/ wjhB/ (20 iBtoh s¤e) d/ nµdo, 11 e/; doi ehs/ rJ/ jB, fiBQK ftu'A 9

ikb;kiah d/ wkwb/ jB, id'A fe 2 ngokfXe d[okuko d'PK d/ wkwb/ jB.

iBse ;/teK d[nkok fGqPNkuko dhnK xNBktK fto[¤X fPekfJsK doi eoB dh gqfefonk ƒ ;"yk

pBkT[D bJh, ftihb?A; fpT[o' B/ fJ¤e nk¤BbkJhB fPekfJs g'oNb P[o{ ehsk j?. Bkrfoe

fPekfJs ckow ƒ nk¤BbkJhB Go ;ed/ jB ns/ nkgDh gSkD iBse s"o *s/ Ikjo ehs/ fpBK

ftihb?A; ftGkr s'A ;/tktK wµr ;ed/ jB. g'oNb T[BQK ƒ nkgDhnK fPekfJsK dh ;fEsh dk gsk

brkT[D d/ ;wo¤E pDkT[Adk j?.

8H4 Jh^rtoB?A;

Jh^rtoB?A; s'A Gkt j? ;oeko d/ o'Iwok d/ eµweki ft¤u ;{uBk ns/ ;µuko N?eBkb'ih

(nkJh;hNh) dh tos'A B{z I'VBk j?. fJj ;oeko ns/ t¤y^t¤y tos'AekoK (BkrfoeK, tgkoe

;µ;EktK, ;oekoh ftGkrK ns/ J/iµ;hnK, eowukohnK) ftueko nkg;h rZbpks d/ sohe/ B{z

tXkT[Adk j? ns/ fJ; dh ;/tk ;g[odrh d/ g¤Xo ƒ fpjso pDkT[D ft¤u ;oeko dh ;jkfJsk

eodk j?. fJj b'eK dh Gkrhdkoh ƒ th tXkT[Adk j?, fGqPNkuko Bkb Bfi¤mdk j? ns/ gkodoPsk

ft¤u ;[Xko eodk j?.

433

oki^gqpµX ;[Xko ftGkr oki ftu Jh^rtoB?A; dhnK ftfGµB gfjbedwhnK ƒ bkr{ eoB bJh

gµikp ;oeko dh B'vb J/iµ;h j?. gµikp ;oeko ns/ b'eK dofwnkB skbw/b tXkT[D d/ T[d/P

Bkb, gµikp nkJhH;hHNhH ƒ ngDk e/ ;oekoh sµso ƒ ngrq/v eoB bJh tuBp¤X j?. oki^gqpµX

;[Xko ftGkr nkgDhnK bkr{ eoB tkbhnK J/iµ;hnK fit/A fe gµikp oki Jh^rtoB?A; ;[;kfJNh

(gh n?; Jh ih n?;), fIbQk Jh^rtoB?A; ;[;kfJNh (vh Jh ih n?;) ns/ oki Jh^rtoB?A; fwPB

Nhw (n?Z; Jh n?w Nh) dh ;jkfJsk Bkb ;oeko d/ t¤y t¤y ftGkrK ft¤u rtoB?A; gq'i?eN bkr{

eoB bJh fiµw/tko j?.

rtoB?A; d/ jo y/so ftu Jh^rtoB?A; gfjbedwhnK ƒ bkr{ eoB bJh gµikp d/P d/ fJe w'joh

oki ti'A T[¤Gfonk j?. iBse ;/tktK dh ;g[odrh ns/ ;oekoh eµweki ftu fJe fw;kbh

spdhbh fbnkT[D d/ T[d/P Bkb, t¤y^t¤y Jh^rtoB?A; gq'i?eN bkr{ ehs/ rJ/ jB. gµikp ;oeko

d[nkok bkr{ ehs/ rJ/ t¤y^t¤y Jh^rtoB?A; gq'i?eNK dh ;{uh ;koDh 71 ft¤u fd¤sh rJh j?.

;koDh 71L gµikp ;oeko d[nkok Jh^rtoB?A; gfjbedwhnK dh ;{uh gfjbedwh dk y/so gfjbedwh T[d/P ns/ gqGkt iBse ;/tk d/Dk ;/tk e/AdoK dk J/eheoB • BkrfoeK ƒ T[bMD s'A pukT[D bJh

iBse ;/tk d/D d/ ;ko/ u?BbK ƒ J/ehfeqs eoBk fe fejV/ ftGkr s'A fe; ;/tk dk bkG fbnk ik ;edk j? • ;/tk d/D dh ftXh ftu oki Go ftu fJe;kosk fbnkT[Dk • BkrfoeK ƒ fJe fyVeh d/ j/mK t¤y t¤y ftGkrK dhnK 253 iBse ;/tktK T[gbpX jB • iBse ;/tktK bJh ;/tk^e/AdoK s/ brGr 50,000 nB[wkfBs Bkrfoe nkJ/.

nk¤BbkJhB ;/tktK ;g[odrh$w'pkJhb rtoB?A;

Jh^;/tk $ n?w^;/tk • BkrfoeK dh ;j{bs bJh Bkrfoe ;/tktK ƒ nk¤BbkJhB T[gbpX eotkT[Dk • t¤vh wksok dhnK Bkrfoe ;/tktK dk eµfgT{NoheoB • w'pkJhb n?gbhe/PB (n?w^;/tk) *s/ Bkrfoe ;/tktK dh T[gbpXsk

;oekoh ftGkrK d/ nµdo ;[Xko

Jh^nkfc; bkr{ eoBk • ;oekoh gqshfeqnktK dh e[Pbsk, fJe;kosk ns/ gqGktPhbsk ft¤u ;[Xko fbnkT[Dk • gfotosB ;w/A ƒ xNkT[Dk ns/ BkrfoeK d/ ukoNo dhnK wµrK g{ohnK eoB bJh. • gqPk;B dh r[Dt¤sk ft¤u ;[Xko fbnkT[D bJh gqGktPkbh ;o's gqpµXB gqdkB eoBk. • 1 Btµpo s'A w[¤y wµsoh ns/ w[¤y ;e¤so dcaso, gµikp ;w/s oki d/ ;ko/ ftGkrK ftu Jh^nkf|; d/ ;cbskg{ote bkr{ eoBk.

w{b nkJhNh p[fBnkdh ;N/N vkNk ;?ANo • ih2ih, ih2;h ns/ ih2ph ;/tktK dh

434

YKu/ dh ;EkgBk

gµikp tkJhv J/ohnk B?Ntoe

e[Pb fJb?eNqkfBe gqpzX okjhA ;/tktK gqdkB eoB bJh ;/tktK, ekoiK ns/ p[fBnkdh YKu/ ƒ ;µrfms eoB bJh w{b p[fBnkdh YKuk • oki dk e/Adoh GµvkoB, ;[o¤fyns vkNk GµvkoB, ;/tktK dh nk¤BbkJhB ;g[odrh, Bkrfoe ikDekoh$ ;/tktK g'oNb, oki fJµNo/B/N g'oNb, nkcas pjkbh, fow'N w?B/iw?AN, ;oft; J/eheoD, nkfd • oki ft¤u pbke g¤Xo s¤e ;ko/ ;oekoh dcsoK ƒ i'VB bJh gµikp tkJhv J/ohnk B?Ntoe ;Ekgs ehsk frnk j? • ;N/N nkc nkoN gµikp ;N/N vkNk e/Ado ;Ekgs ehsk frnk j? ns/ fJ; ft¤u oki d/ 80 ftGkrK dhnK noihnk u¤b ojhnK jB. • oki^gqpµX ;[Xko ftGkr t¤b'A ebkT[v nXkos ;/tktK dh ;j{bs fd¤sh ik ojh j? ns/ ftGkr d[nkok fteo/sk dk g?Bb w[eµwb eo fbnk frnk j? pj[s ;ko/ ftGkrK B/ vhihnko d[nkok pDkJ/ fteo/sktK d[nkok ebkT[v^nXkos ;/tktK dh tos'A P[o{ eo fdZsh j?.

eko'pkoK bJh ;j{bs Jh^b/po g'oNb fJBt?;N gµikp

• oki ftu u¤b oj/ T[d:'rK ns/ wId{oK bJh feos ftGkr d[nkok t¤y^t¤y feos ekƒBK sfjs g/P ehshnK ikD tkbhnK eJh ;/tktK dk bkG T[mkT[D bJh nkBbkfJB gb/Nckow g{oB o{g Bkb ekoiPhb j? • T[;koh ekfwnK B{z ofi;No eoB bJh nkBbkJhB g'oNb g{oh soQK ekoiPhb • fpiB; c;N (fJBt?;N gµikp) g'oNbH oki B/ fBt/Pe dh ;j{bs ns/ gkodoPh oki^gqpµX bJh fJe BtK fvihNb fJµNoc/; noEks fJBt?;N gµikp^fpIB; c;N g'oNb P[o{ ehsk j?. fJj oki ftu eko'pko B{z ;"y/ Yzr Bkb eoB bJh fJe'̂ fvihNb fJµNo?efNt gb/Nckow *s/ eJh soQK dhnK o?r{b/Noh wBI{ohnK ns/ ft¤sh gq's;kjB g/P eoB dh gfjb j?

;oekoh ftGkrK ftu ;[Xko

wB[¤yh ;o's gqpµXB f;;Nw (n?uHnkoHn?wHn?;)

• ;oekoh eowukohnK ns/ m/e/ s/ eµw eoB tkb/ eowukohnK dh sBykj tµv dh gqfefonk ƒ fvihNbkJhi eoBk • 370276 eowukohnK bJh w[¤Yb/ t/ot/ fJµdoki doi j' u[e/ jB ns/ 352,662 eowukohnK dhnK ;/tk gZsohnK dh g[PNh ehsh rJh j? • n?unkon?wn?; d/ sfjs sBykj, S[¤Nh, ikfJdkd tor/ nfjw wfvT{b gfjbK jh fte;s ehs/ ik u[e/ jB


tkjB gqpµXB f;;Nw (thn?wn?;)

• g?Nq'b$vhIb ns/ oZy^oykt d/ yofunK d/ Bkb^Bkb oki d/ ;oekoh tkjBK pko/ ikDekoh

435

fJe¤so eoB bJh


J/ehfeqs toecb' v"e{w?AN w?B/iw?AN f;;Nw (nkJhHvpfbT{HvhHn?wHn?;) ns/ J/ehfeqs ft¤sh gqpµXB f;;Nw

• d;skt/I gqpµXB ns/ ekoi gqtkj gqpµXB bJh fJ¤e pj[^GkPkJh ns/ ;t?ukfbs j¤b gqdkB eoBk • ekrIks ƒ xNkT[D ns/ ;oekoh eµweki ftu fpjso fBrokBh ns/ gkodoPsk ƒ :ehBh pDkT[D bJh • fJ; gq'i?eN ƒ 16 wkou 2015 s'A noµG ehsk frnk j? ns/ 2020 s¤e ;µukbB ns/ o¤y^oykn d/ gVkn nXhB j?

ezfgT{NoheoB G'A^foekov • G{wh foekov ƒ doi ns/ ;N'o eoB dh gqfefonk ƒ ezfgT{Nohfeqs eoB bJh • gµikp d/ fgµvK d/ G{wh foekovK dk 100# fvihNkJhI/PB g{ok j' frnk j? • B?PBb i/B/foe d;skt/ia gqDkbh ofi;Nq/PB f;;Nw (n?Bihvhnkon?;) ^ fJe f;o/ s'A f;o/ se gqtkj :'r ;wo¤Ek d;skt/I, ;w/s ikfJdkd ofi;Nq/PB gqDkbh i' ofi;Nq/PB J/iµ;hnK d[nkok tosh ik ;edh j?, oki ftu bkr{ ehsh rJh j?


pkfJUw?fNqe jkIoh gqDkbh (phHJ/Hn?¤;H)

• dcso d/ njks/ ft¤u ;Ekfgs ehs/ rJ/ pkfJUwhfNqe jkIoh T[geoD okjhA ;oekoh eowukohnK dh o'IkBk jkIoh doi eoBk

;EkBe ;oeko d/ g¤Xo *s/ ;[Xko

;EkBe ;oeko • BkrfoeK ƒ fwT{A;gb ;/tktK dh ;g[odrh ft¤u fBoµso ;[Xko bJh nkJh;hNh dk bkG fdZsk frnk. • fJ¤e nfijk gb/Nckow pDkT[Dk fi¤E/ Bro fBrw gqPk;B Bkb ;pµXs ikDekoh n;odko c?;bk b?D bJh nk;kBh Bkb T[gbpX j' ;e/rh

;kXBL oki^gqpµX ;[Xko ns/ iBse fPekfJsK ftGkr

pke; 27L vkNk gqk;o bJh :{BhckJhv vkNk gb/Nckow

wkB:'r w[¤y wµsoh gµikp ih d/ fdqPNhe'D ns/ wkordoPB d/ w¤d/BIo, noE ns/ nzeVk ;zrmB, gzikp

tb'A fJb?eNqkfBe ns/ ;{uBk seBkb'ih wµsokb/, Gkos ;oeko ns/ fJ; dh gµikp dh n?BHnkJhH;hH oki

g¤Xoh fJekJh d[nkok fJ¤e UgB r"ofwµN vkNk gb/Nckow (punjab.data.gov.in) fsnko ehsk ik fojk j?.

fJ; ƒ Gkos ;oeko dh okPNoh vkNk ;KMkeoB ns/ gj[µu:'rsk Bhsh, 2012 d/ nB[;ko fte;s ehsk ik

fojk j?. vkNk g'oNb t¤y t¤y tos'AekoK ƒ ;ko/ ;oekoh ftGkrK d/ vkNk s¤e ;[ykbh gj[ µu gqkgs eokT[D

ft¤u wdd eo/rk. P[o{ ftu, "gzikp dk nzeVk ;ko" i' fe fJe wj¤stg{oD ns/ gqw[¤y d;skt/I j?, d/

1967 s'A nzeV/ jo ;kb fJ; g'oNb *s/ ;w/A eqw d/ nXko* s/ ngb'v ehs/ ikDr/. e[M w[¤y ;?eNo fit/A

fe y/shpkVh, ib ns/ ;?BhN/PB, f;¤fynk, ft¤s, gqPk;B ns/ gqPk;B, wekB, f;js ns/ gfotko GbkJh,

feos ns/ o[Irko, nktkikJh, :ksok ns/ ;?o^;gkNk nkfd dk vkNk ngb'v ehsk ikt/rk. nrb/ gVktK

https://punjab.data.gov.in/

436

ft¤u, bkJhB ftGkrK d/ ;G s'A tZX wj¤stg{oB vkNk ;?ZNK ƒ fJ; :{BhckJhv vkNk g'oNb *s/ gq;kfos

eoB bJh th :sB ehs/ ikDr/. fJ; ;pµX ft¤u, nkofEe ns/ nµeVk ;µrmB (Jhn?;U) B'vb ftGkr d/

s"o s/ eµw eo/rk ns/ ;ko/ bkJhB ftGkrK ƒ T[jBK d/ vkNk ;?N; ƒ gqwkDe ckow?N ft¤u fsnko eoB

bJh seBheh ;jkfJsk gqdkB eo/rk.

oki ftu fPekfJsK dk fBtkoD

ghHphH^gh ih nko J/ n?w n?;L gµikp iBse fPekfJs fBtkoD ns/ fBrokBh gqDkbh Gkos ;oeko ns/ gµikp ;oeko d/ ;fj:'r Bkb n;µs[PN BkrfoeK dhnK fPekfJsK ƒ ;theko eoB bJh fsnko ehsk frnk fJe g'oNb j?. Bkrfoe, w[¤y wµsoh d/ dcso ns/ w[¤y ;e¤so d/ dcso ;w/s ;ko/ ;oekoh dcsoK fto[¤X nkgDhnK fPekfJsK doi eo ;ed/ jB. fJj g'oNb P[o{ j' u[ek j? ns/ 24x7 T[gb¤pX j? ns/ Bkrfoe nkgDhnK fPekfJsK T[¤s/ ehsh rJh ekotkJh dh ;fEsh dk gsk brkT[D d/ Bkb^Bkb T[jBK pko/ :kd^g¤so$;gPNheoB th d/ ;ed/ jB.

fu¤so 131L gµikp ;oeko dk iBse fPekfJs g'oNb

jkT{f;µr ns/ Pfjoh ftek; ftGkr ft¤u Jh^rtoB?A; dhnK rshftXhnK

Jh^rtoB?A; s/ fXnkB e/Adqs eod/ j'J/ ft¤sh ;kb 2019^20 d/ gfjb/ 4 wjhfBnK (31 i[bkJh 2019 s¤e) j/m fbyhnK rshftXhnK ehshnK rJhnK ;BL

1H b'eK ƒ ;hHn?bH:{I dh Jh^gqtkBrh d/ :'r pDkT[D bJh wk;No gbkB BefPnK dk fvihNbkJhi/PB

2H nDnfXekos T[;kohnK dh iKu eoB bJh fJe ftb¤yD w'pkJhb n?g dh P[o{nksH

3H g[¤vk 360 dh P[o{nks i' nk¤BbkJhB ;µgsh b?D^d/D dh ;j{bs bJh fJ¤e Jh^gqkgoNh w'vhT{b j?, fi; Bkb gµikp Pfjoh :'iBkpµdh ns/ ftek; nEkoNh (g[¤vk) d/ eµweki ft¤u tX/o/ e[Pbsk ns/ gkodoPsk nkJh j?H

4H G'A^tos'A dh fJb?eNqkfBe spdhbh ikoh eoB bJh jkT{f;µr ftGkr d/ Bt/A t?¤p g'oNb dh P[o{nks

437

fu¤so 132L g[¤vk 360 dh t?p;kJhN ^ ;µgsh d/ b?D^d/D bJh fJe Jh^nk¤BbkJhB g'oNb

8H5 gkodoPsk

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438

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439

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Pfjoh ;EkBe ;µ;EktK

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• ;oekoh ;/tktK pko/ ikDekoh gqdkB eoB bJh ;ko/ 167 :{Hn?¤bHphIH bJh ;oekoh t?p;kJhNK pDkJhnK rJhnK jB. • nk¤BbkJhB fpfbµr ns/ fJe¤so eoB d/ Bkb Bkb gkDh ns/ ;hto/i e[B?ePB bJh nk¤BbkJhB noIh dh ;j{bs. • gqkgoNh N?e; dk nk¤BbkJhB fJe¤soheoD BkrfoeK ƒ fes/ th ns/ ed/ th G[rskB eoB ftu wdd eodk j? ns/ :{Hn?¤bHphIH d/ eµweki ftu gkodoPsk ns/ itkpd/jh ftu ;[Xko fbnKT[dk j?. • eko'pko eoB ftZu ckfJo n?BHUH;hH ns/ No/v bkfJ;?A; bJh nk¤BbkJhB n?gbhe/PB. • BkrfoeK ns/ eowukohnK dhnK iBse fPekfJsK d/ fBgNko/ bJh w'pkJhb n?gbhe/PB. • gkodoPsk ns/ itkpd/jh tXkT[D bJh gkfJbN e;fpnK ft¤u d'jok fJµdoki b/yk gqDkbh bkr{ ehsh rJh j?.

Annexures

Exhibit 1:GSDP in current and constant prices, 2011-12 to 2019-20 (in Rs. Lacs) ......................................................................................................... iii

Exhibit 2:GSDP, GSVA growth rates ........................................................................................................................................................................ iv

Exhibit 3: Per-capita income (2011-12 to 2019-20): in current and constant terms (in Rs.) .............................................................................................. v

Exhibit 4:District wise per-capita income (in Rs.) ....................................................................................................................................................... vi

Exhibit 5:Sector wise GSVA (2011-12 to 2019-20) in current prices (in Rs. Crores) ..................................................................................................... viii

Exhibit 6:Sector wise GSVA (2011-12 to 2019-20) in constant prices (in Rs. Crores) .................................................................................................... xi

Exhibit 7:Sectoral growth rate ................................................................................................................................................................................. xiv

Exhibit 8:Sectoral share of GSVA at current prices ................................................................................................................................................... xvii

Exhibit 9:Monthly inflation rates: rural-urban-combined (Apr 2017 to Dec 2019) vis-à-vis India .................................................................................. xix

Exhibit 10: Labour force participation rate (LFPR) (in %) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each State/UT age groups: 15-59 years (State-wise) ........ xxi

Exhibit 11: Worker Population Ratio (WPR) (in %) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each State/UT age groups: 15-59 years ...................................xxiv

Exhibit 12: Unemployment Rate (UR) (in %) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each State/UT age groups: 15-59 years ........................................... xxvii

Exhibit 13:Sectoral distribution of workers: 2017-18 (State-wise) ............................................................................................................................. xxx

Exhibit 14: Labour force participation rate (LFPR) (in %) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each State/UT age groups: 15-29 year .......................... xxxii

Exhibit 15: Worker Population Ratio (WPR) (in %) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each State/UT age groups: 15-29 years ..................................xxxv

Exhibit 16: Unemployment Rate (UR) (in %) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each State/UT age groups: 15-29 years ........................................ xxxviii

Exhibit 17: Birth rate and death rate (1971 to 2017) vis-à-vis India (Rural, Urban, Total) .............................................................................................. xli

Exhibit 18:Sex ratio (2005-07 to 2015-17) vis-à-vis India (Rural, Urban, Total) ........................................................................................................... xlii

Exhibit 19:No. of job seekers on the live register of employment exchanges ............................................................................................................... xliii

Exhibit 20:Rainfall trends ....................................................................................................................................................................................... xlv

Exhibit 21:Cropping intensity over the years ........................................................................................................................................................... xlvii

Exhibit 22:Livestock population .............................................................................................................................................................................. xlix

Exhibit 23:District wise agriculture markets ................................................................................................................................................................. l

ii

Exhibit 24:Number of MSMEs by state ...................................................................................................................................................................... lii

Exhibit 25:GVA by top industries: 2015-16 to 2016-17 ............................................................................................................................................... liii

Exhibit 26:Annual tourist footfall: Domestic and Foreigners ........................................................................................................................................ lv

Exhibit 27:District-wise urbanisation rate .................................................................................................................................................................. lvi

Exhibit 28:Punjab’s score on individual SDG indicators (2019-20) vis-à-vis India ....................................................................................................... lviii

Exhibit 29:Breakdown of Punjab’s budget (2011-12 to 2019-20) (in Rs. Crores) ......................................................................................................... lxv

iii

Exhibit 1:GSDP in current and constant prices, 2011-12 to 2019-20 (in Rs. Lacs)

Year GSDP at current prices GSDP at constant prices GSVA at current prices GSVA at constant prices

2011-12 26,662,829 26,662,829 25,377,429 25,377,429

2012-13 29,773,382 28,082,285 28,083,782 26,540,116

2013-14 33,214,694 29,944,973 30,832,906 27,925,101

2014-15 35,510,182 31,212,533 32,877,935 29,009,391

2015-16 39,008,744 33,005,193 35,315,538 30,520,874

2016-17 42,698,810 35,272,056 38,618,871 32,484,547

2017-18 (P) 47,863,624 37,523,825 42,859,277 34,451,888

2018-19 (Q) 52,711,953 39,766,947 46,947,570 36,359,530

2019-20 (A) 57,476,045 41,886,803 51,021,074 38,210,496


iv

Exhibit 2:GSDP, GSVA growth rates

Year Nominal GSDP Growth Real GSDP Growth Nominal GSVA Growth Real GSVA Growth

2012-13 11.7% 5.3% 10.7% 4.6%

2013-14 11.6% 6.6% 9.8% 5.2%

2014-15 6.9% 4.2% 6.6% 3.9%

2015-16 9.9% 5.7% 7.4% 5.2%

2016-17 9.5% 6.9% 9.4% 6.4%

2017-18 (P) 12.1% 6.4% 11.0% 6.1%

2018-19 (Q) 10.1% 6.0% 9.5% 5.5%

2019-20 (A) 9.0% 5.3% 8.7% 5.1%


v

Exhibit 3: Per-capita income (2011-12 to 2019-20): in current and constant terms (in Rs.)

Year Per- capita income at current prices Per- capita income at constant prices

2011-12 85,577 85,577

2012-13 94,318 88,915

2013-14 103,831 93,238

2014-15 108,970 95,807

2015-16 118,858 100,141

2016-17 128,780 105,848

2017-18 (P) 142,477 110,802

2018-19 (Q) 154,996 115,882

2019-20 (A) 166,830 120,569


vi

Exhibit 4:District wise per-capita income (in Rs.)

Year wise Per Capita Net District Domestic Product

At Constant Prices


At Current Prices

District 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

Gurdaspur 66,461 66,702 66,373 63,255 64,536 72,425 66,461 70,850 73,901 73,038 76,983 88,723

Pathankot 75,473 78,047 74,997 71,225 81,279 85,581 75,473 83,181 82,923 82,111 97,294 103,948

Amritsar 68,848 73,242 82,309 86,763 89,155 93,817 68,848 77,948 92,195 98,903 104,170 112,955

Taran Tarn 66,084 69,119 69,549 69,254 74,363 74,821 66,084 73,605 77,678 79,905 89,894 93,279

Kapurthala 91,630 95,961 113,729 107,110 114,563 113,411 91,630 101,614 127,181 122,620 138,262 138,875

Jalandhar 91,957 97,191 103,213 107,737 117,224 119,189 91,957 103,333 115,030 121,106 136,583 142,134

SBS Nagar 102,262 106,565 104,619 109,469 114,978 120,608 102,262 113,361 116,758 124,339 137,029 147,458

Hoshiarpur 99,543 101,509 100,151 103,320 108,766 115,063 99,543 107,304 110,685 118,058 129,478 139,754

Roopnagar 101,739 103,084 114,583 128,001 132,614 139,004 101,739 109,702 127,473 146,917 156,900 169,725

SAS Nagar 100,838 105,125 113,386 118,934 120,738 129,612 100,838 111,065 126,429 132,816 141,439 154,310

Ludhiana 101,951 106,754 107,483 114,153 122,015 127,929 101,951 113,373 119,614 127,014 142,543 152,332

Firozepur 80,190 87,036 82,927 80,616 84,653 91,389 80,190 92,324 93,057 94,155 103,552 115,050

Fazilka 65,959 65,533 82,584 78,297 78,512 91,299 65,959 69,468 90,810 90,146 94,291 112,531

Faridkot 79,814 81,164 91,515 92,542 98,150 101,477 79,814 86,432 102,629 107,514 118,686 126,739

vii


At Constant Prices


At Current Prices

District 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

Muktsar 76,200 80,012 80,609 81,299 91,049 91,288 76,200 84,667 89,276 92,824 110,254 113,853

Moga 91,342 95,434 100,833 103,718 109,741 115,490 91,342 101,350 112,528 117,513 131,391 141,197

Bathinda 78,936 81,289 85,884 88,164 83,203 92,258 78,936 85,651 94,648 100,503 98,955 112,387

Mansa 72,896 73,261 76,909 77,087 78,214 86,372 72,896 77,262 85,195 89,562 95,316 108,781

Sangrur 90,654 94,768 100,860 104,828 106,589 115,263 90,654 100,750 112,668 119,939 127,528 141,852

Barnala 88,658 92,033 91,380 91,643 99,359 106,915 88,658 97,009 101,976 105,066 120,254 133,832

Patiala 85,301 86,537 91,560 95,432 97,305 103,414 85,301 91,769 102,280 108,906 115,290 126,035

Fatehgarh

Sahib 98,232 104,929 108,636 112,920 115,086 119,040 98,232 110,524 121,376 128,499 137,764 146,519

Punjab 85,577 88,915 93,238 95,807 100,141 105,848 85,577 94,318 103,831 108,970 118,858 128,780


viii

Exhibit 5:Sector wise GSVA (2011-12 to 2019-20) in current prices (in Rs. Crores)

S. No Item FY 12 FY 13 FY 14 FY 15 FY 16 FY 17 FY 18 FY 19 FY 20

1.

Agriculture, forestry and

fishing 78,168 83,735 91,015 94,882 101,398 112,872 124,471 134,594 143,404

1.1 Crops 50,079 53,143 57,602 57,156 59,364 66,331 71,891 76,504 78,923

1.2 Livestock 20,346 22,220 24,903 28,047 32,112 36,134 41,852 47,012 52,958

1.3 Forestry and logging 7,157 7,696 7,588 8,602 8,735 9,028 9,285 9,642 10,060

1.4 Fishing and aquaculture 586 676 922 1,077 1,186 1,379 1,442 1,436 1,463

2. Mining and quarrying 37 21 88 93 25 37 99 102 1,430

Primary 78,205 83,755 91,103 94,975 101,423 112,909 124,570 134,696 144,834

3. Manufacturing 37,507 40,671 44,375 44,585 51,126 54,772 58,874 64,946 68,978

4.

Electricity, gas, water supply

& other utility services 7,149 8,160 9,594 12,373 13,485 14,586 18,919 22,300 25,612

5. Construction 19,784 20,547 22,564 23,089 22,954 25,262 28,172 30,662 32,459

Secondary 64,441 69,378 76,533 80,047 87,565 94,621 105,965 117,908 127,049

6.

Trade, repair, hotels and

restaurants 25,325 29,931 33,681 36,486 38,014 41,892 45,903 50,202 55,046

6.1 Trade & repair services 23,717 28,157 31,738 34,427 35,771 39,196 42,923 46,950 51,520

ix


6.2 Hotels & restaurants 1,608 1,774 1,942 2,058 2,243 2,696 2,981 3,252 3,526

7.

Transport, storage,


related to broadcasting 13,213 15,402 16,631 18,181 19,748 20,789 22,359 24,120 26,125

7.1 Railways 1,904 2,289 2,150 2,406 2,450 2,250 2,504 2,680 2,859

7.2 Road transport 6,251 7,089 7,869 8,452 8,701 9,481 10,510 11,627 12,874

7.3 Water transport - - - - - - - - -

7.4 Air transport 25 47 41 65 114 132 175 199 226

7.5

Services incidental to

transport 321 369 409 441 463 687 734 778 823

7.6 Storage 480 911 225 230 425 440 648 727 809

7.7

Communication & services


8. Financial services 14,643 16,560 17,069 16,961 18,928 19,208 21,425 23,549 25,480

9.


dwelling & professional

services 22,747 25,741 28,816 31,474 32,760 35,870 39,463 42,999 47,082

10. Public administration 12,695 14,869 15,399 17,533 18,410 20,238 21,816 23,130 24,841

x


11. Other services 22,506 25,201 29,096 33,123 36,307 40,662 47,091 52,872 59,756

Tertiary 111,129 127,704 140,693 153,757 164,167 178,659 198,058 216,871 238,329

12.

TOTAL GSVA at basic

prices 253,774 280,838 308,329 328,779 353,155 386,189 428,593 469,476 510,211


xi

Exhibit 6:Sector wise GSVA (2011-12 to 2019-20) in constant prices (in Rs. Crores)


1.

Agriculture, forestry and

fishing 78,168 78,868 81,472 78,661 79,763 84,749 88,641 90,716 92,802

1.1 Crops 50,079 50,142 51,738 48,244 47,946 51,195 52,952 52,786 52,654

1.2 Livestock 20,346 21,098 22,209 22,862 24,045 25,492 27,335 29,387 31,424

1.3 Forestry and logging 7,157 7,033 6,901 6,866 7,052 7,265 7,531 7,717 7,877

1.4 Fishing and aquaculture 586 595 624 689 721 796 823 826 847

2. Mining and quarrying 37 20 78 82 33 43 49 52 1,372

Primary 78,205 78,888 81,550 78,743 79,796 84,792 88,690 90,768 94,174

3. Manufacturing 37,507 38,925 40,960 42,987 45,599 48,817 51,675 54,585 55,591

4.

Electricity, gas, water supply

& other utility services 7,149 7,530 8,013 9,217 10,615 11,522 12,570 13,452 14,253

5. Construction 19,784 19,421 19,978 20,254 20,719 21,322 22,345 23,605 24,180

Secondary 64,441 65,876 68,951 72,457 76,933 81,661 86,591 91,642 94,023

6.

Trade, repair, hotels and

restaurants 25,325 27,582 30,049 32,374 34,589 36,749 39,348 42,005 45,014

6.1 Trade & repair services 23,717 25,902 28,288 30,561 32,663 34,643 37,078 39,567 42,405

xii


6.2 Hotels & restaurants 1,608 1,681 1,761 1,813 1,926 2,105 2,270 2,439 2,609

7.

Transport, storage,



7.1 Railways 1,904 2,288 1,996 2,111 2,186 2,201 2,308 2,415 2,534

7.2 Road transport 6,251 6,687 7,288 7,765 8,219 8,838 9,519 10,214 11,026

7.3 Water transport - - - - - - - - -

7.4 Air transport 25 43 35 98 114 121 135 148 164

7.5

Services incidental to

transport 321 348 379 411 442 472 505 539 575

7.6 Storage 480 860 224 227 366 383 423 457 485

7.7

Communication & services


8. Financial services 14,643 15,526 16,030 16,516 17,314 18,001 18,936 20,005 21,025

9.


dwelling & professional

services 22,747 24,481 26,188 28,181 29,671 31,788 34,049 36,536 39,297

10. Public administration 12,695 13,961 14,589 15,749 16,651 17,792 19,031 20,107 21,357

xiii


11. Other services 22,506 24,450 26,714 29,685 32,561 35,484 38,288 41,773 45,121

Tertiary 111,129 120,637 128,750 138,894 148,480 158,392 169,238 181,185 193,908

12.

TOTAL GSVA at basic

prices 253,774 265,401 279,251 290,094 305,209 324,845 344,519 363,595 382,105


xiv

Exhibit 7:Sectoral growth rate

GSVA at current prices GSVA at constant prices

S. No. Item FY 13 FY 14 FY 15 FY 16 FY 17 FY 18 FY 19 FY 20 FY 13 FY 14 FY 15 FY 16 FY 17 FY 18 FY 19 FY 20

1.

Agriculture,

forestry and

fishing

7% 9% 4% 7% 11% 10% 8% 7% 1% 3% -3% 1% 6% 5% 2% 2%

1.1 Crops 6% 8% -1% 4% 12% 8% 6% 3% 0% 3% -7% -1% 7% 3% 0% 0%

1.2 Livestock 9% 12% 13% 14% 13% 16% 12% 13% 4% 5% 3% 5% 6% 7% 8% 7%

1.3 Forestry and

logging 8% -1% 13% 2% 3% 3% 4% 4% -2% -2% -1% 3% 3% 4% 2% 2%

1.4 Fishing and

aquaculture 15% 36% 17% 10% 16% 5% 0% 2% 2% 5% 10% 5% 10% 3% 0% 3%

2. Mining and

quarrying -44% 329% 5% -73% 49% 167% 3%

1299

% -46% 290% 5% -60% 31% 14% 6% 2525%

Primary 7% 9% 4% 7% 11% 10% 8% 8% 1% 3% -3% 1% 6% 5% 2% 4%

3. Manufacturing 8% 9% 0% 15% 7% 7% 10% 6% 4% 5% 5% 6% 7% 6% 6% 2%

4.

Electricity, gas,

water supply &

other utility

services

14% 18% 29% 9% 8% 30% 18% 15% 5% 6% 15% 15% 9% 9% 7% 6%

5. Construction 4% 10% 2% -1% 10% 12% 9% 6% -2% 3% 1% 2% 3% 5% 6% 2%

Secondary 8% 10% 5% 9% 8% 12% 11% 8% 2% 5% 5% 6% 6% 6% 6% 3%

xv



6.

Trade, repair,

hotels and

restaurants

18% 13% 8% 4% 10% 10% 9% 10% 9% 9% 8% 7% 6% 7% 7% 7%

6.1 Trade & repair

services 19% 13% 8% 4% 10% 10% 9% 10% 9% 9% 8% 7% 6% 7% 7% 7%

6.2 Hotels &

restaurants 10% 9% 6% 9% 20% 11% 9% 8% 5% 5% 3% 6% 9% 8% 7% 7%

7.

Transport,

storage,

communication

& services

related to

broadcasting

17% 8% 9% 9% 5% 8% 8% 8% 11% 4% 8% 8% 5% 5% 6% 6%

7.1 Railways 20% -6% 12% 2% -8% 11% 7% 7% 20% -13% 6% 4% 1% 5% 5% 5%

7.2 Road transport 13% 11% 7% 3% 9% 11% 11% 11% 7% 9% 7% 6% 8% 8% 7% 8%

7.3 Water transport 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

7.4 Air transport 89% -12% 58% 75% 16% 33% 13% 14% 76% -19% 177% 17% 6% 11% 10% 11%

7.5

Services

incidental to

transport

15% 11% 8% 5% 48% 7% 6% 6% 8% 9% 9% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7%

7.6 Storage 90% -75% 2% 85% 3% 47% 12% 11% 79% -74% 1% 61% 5% 10% 8% 6%

xvi



7.7

Communication

& services

related to

broadcasting

11% 26% 11% 15% 3% 0% 4% 5% 4% 19% 10% 10% 3% 2% 4% 5%

8. Financial

services 13% 3% -1% 12% 1% 12% 10% 8% 6% 3% 3% 5% 4% 5% 6% 5%

9.

Real estate,

ownership of

dwelling &

professional

services

13% 12% 9% 4% 9% 10% 9% 9% 8% 7% 8% 5% 7% 7% 7% 8%

10. Public

administration 17% 4% 14% 5% 10% 8% 6% 7% 10% 4% 8% 6% 7% 7% 6% 6%

11. Other services 12% 15% 14% 10% 12% 16% 12% 13% 9% 9% 11% 10% 9% 8% 9% 8%

Tertiary 15% 10% 9% 7% 9% 11% 9% 10% 9% 7% 8% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7%

12. TOTAL GSVA

at basic prices 11% 10% 7% 7% 9% 11% 10% 9% 5% 5% 4% 5% 6% 6% 6% 5%


xvii

Exhibit 8:Sectoral share of GSVA at current prices

S.

No Item

2011-

12

2012-

13

2013-

14

2014-

15

2015-

16

2016-

17

2017-

18

2018-

19

2019-

20

1. Agriculture, forestry and fishing 31% 30% 30% 29% 29% 29% 29% 29% 28%

1.1 Crops 20% 19% 19% 17% 17% 17% 17% 16% 15%

1.2 Livestock 8% 8% 8% 9% 9% 9% 10% 10% 10%

1.3 Forestry and logging 3% 3% 2% 3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%

1.4 Fishing and aquaculture 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

2. Mining and quarrying 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Primary 31% 30% 30% 29% 29% 29% 29% 29% 28%

3. Manufacturing 15% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14%

4. Electricity, gas, water supply & other

utility services 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 4% 4% 5% 5%

5. Construction 8% 7% 7% 7% 6% 7% 7% 7% 6%

Secondary 25% 25% 25% 24% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25%

6. Trade, repair, hotels and restaurants 10% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11%

6.1 Trade & repair services 9% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10%

6.2 Hotels & restaurants 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%

7. Transport, storage, communication &

services related to broadcasting 5% 5% 5% 6% 6% 5% 5% 5% 5%

xviii

S.

No Item

2011-

12

2012-

13

2013-

14

2014-

15

2015-

16

2016-

17

2017-

18

2018-

19

2019-

20

7.1 Railways 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%

7.2 Road transport 2% 3% 3% 3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3%

7.3 Water transport 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

7.4 Air transport 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

7.5 Services incidental to transport 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

7.6 Storage 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

7.7 Communication & services related to

broadcasting 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%

8. Financial services 6% 6% 6% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%

9. Real estate, ownership of dwelling &

professional services 9% 9% 9% 10% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%

10. Public administration 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%

11. Other services 9% 9% 9% 10% 10% 11% 11% 11% 12%

Tertiary 44% 45% 46% 47% 46% 46% 46% 46% 47%

12. TOTAL GSVA at basic prices 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


xix

Exhibit 9:Monthly inflation rates: rural-urban-combined (Apr 2017 to Dec 2019) vis-à-vis India

Punjab India

Year Month Description Rural Urban Combine

d Rural Urban

Combine

d

2017 April General Index (All Groups) 5.11 3.09 4.22 3.02 3.03 2.99

2017 May General Index (All Groups) 4.02 2.91 3.46 2.3 2.13 2.18

2017 June General Index (All Groups) 2.78 1.28 2.07 1.52 1.41 1.46

2017 July General Index (All Groups) 3.05 1.18 2.2 2.41 2.17 2.36

2017 August General Index (All Groups) 3.79 2.92 3.43 3.22 3.35 3.28

2017 September General Index (All Groups) 3.7 2.21 3.04 3.15 3.44 3.28

2017 October General Index (All Groups) 3.92 2.29 3.19 3.36 3.81 3.58

2017 November General Index (All Groups) 5.24 3.31 4.36 4.79 4.9 4.88

2017 December General Index (All Groups) 6.2 3.9 5.18 5.27 5.09 5.21

2018 January General Index (All Groups) 6.7 3.82 5.42 5.21 4.93 5.07

2018 February General Index (All Groups) 5.5 2.94 4.31 4.45 4.52 4.44

2018 March General Index (All Groups) 4.63 2.21 3.59 4.44 4.12 4.28








xx

Punjab India

Year Month Description Rural Urban Combine

d Rural Urban

Combine

d



2019 January General Index (All Groups) 2.92 1.69 2.39 1.22 2.91 1.97

2019 February General Index (All Groups) 3.09 1.93 2.63 1.81 3.43 2.57

2019 March General Index (All Groups) 3.54 2.78 3.16 1.8 4.1 2.86










Source: CPI(http://164.100.34.62:8080/Inflation_CurrentSeries_2012.aspx)

xxi

Exhibit 10: Labour force participation rate (LFPR) (in %) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each State/UT age groups: 15-59

years (State-wise)

State/UT Rural Urban Rural + Urban

Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female Person

Andhra Pradesh 86 54.6 69.5 83.9 34 57.3 85.3 47.5 65.3

Arunachal Pradesh 71 16 46 68 12 42 70 15 45

Assam 84 13 50 81 17 49 84 14 50

Bihar 71 4 39 69 7 40 71 4 39

Chhattisgarh 83 58 71 81 32 57 83 53 68

Delhi 82 3 48 79 16 50 79 15 50

Goa 86 37 61 76 38 56 80 38 58

Gujarat 84 25 56 83 18 51 83 22 54

Haryana 79 17 50 80 15 49 79 16 49

Himachal Pradesh 82 57 69 80 26 56 81 54 67

Jammu & Kashmir 78 34 57 79 25 53 79 32 56

Jharkhand 80 17 49 73 15 44 79 16 48

Karnataka 84 32 58 80 25 52 83 29 56

Kerala 80 31 54 78 33 54 79 32 54

Madhya Pradesh 84 38 62 80 22 52 83 34 59

Maharashtra 80 42 61 81 24 53 80 34 58

xxii



Manipur 76 24 51 73 27 50 75 25 51

Meghalaya 80 57 68 70 33 51 78 52 64

Mizoram 82 29 56 73 34 52 78 31 54

Nagaland 69 17 44 68 20 43 68 18 44

Odisha 85 22 52 81 19 49 84 22 52

Punjab 78 15 48 83 20 53 80 17 50

Rajasthan 78 33 55 76 16 48 77 29 54

Sikkim 81 52 67 79 36 59 81 47 65

Tamil Nadu 84 42 62 84 31 57 84 37 60

Telangana 80 44 62 82 25 54 81 36 59

Tripura 81 13 48 81 20 49 81 14 49

Uttarakhand 74 22 48 75 14 46 75 20 47

Uttar Pradesh 78 15 46 77 12 46 78 14 46

West Bengal 85 21 53 82 25 54 84 22 53

A & N Islands 89 33 62 86 45 66 88 38 64

Chandigarh 84 17 55 83 28 55 83 28 55

Dadra & Nagar Haveli 89 57 74 89 24 63 89 41 68

xxiii



Daman & Diu 86 31 60 93 27 71 92 28 70

Lakshadweep 90 16 54 81 22 47 84 21 49

Puducherry 79 13 44 79 23 50 79 20 48

All-India 80 27 54 80 22 52 80 25 53

Source: PLFS, 2017-18

xxiv

Exhibit 11: Worker Population Ratio (WPR) (in %) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each State/UT age groups: 15-59 years



Andhra Pradesh 82 53 67 79 31 53 81 46 62


Assam 78 12 45 76 15 46 78 12 45

Bihar 66 4 36 62 7 36 65 4 36

Chhattisgarh 81 57 69 76 28 52 80 51 66

Delhi 79 3 46 71 14 45 72 14 45

Goa 76 29 52 71 27 48 73 27 50

Gujarat 79 24 53 79 17 49 79 21 51

Haryana 71 15 45 75 13 46 73 14 45


Jammu & Kashmir 75 32 55 74 19 47 75 29 53

Jharkhand 74 16 45 65 14 39 72 15 44

Karnataka 80 31 56 75 23 49 78 28 53

Kerala 74 25 48 72 23 46 73 24 47

Madhya Pradesh 80 37 60 74 21 48 79 33 57

Maharashtra 77 41 59 76 21 49 76 32 55

xxv



Manipur 68 20 45 64 23 44 67 21 44

Meghalaya 79 57 67 66 30 48 77 51 63

Mizoram 76 27 52 64 27 44 70 27 48

Nagaland 54 11 34 56 13 34 55 12 34

Odisha 78 21 48 74 16 44 77 20 48

Punjab 72 14 44 77 17 49 74 15 46

Rajasthan 73 32 53 70 14 44 72 28 51

Sikkim 80 50 65 76 32 56 78 45 63

Tamil Nadu 76 39 57 78 28 53 77 34 55

Telangana 74 41 58 75 22 48 74 33 54

Tripura 76 12 45 75 16 45 76 12 45

Uttarakhand 69 21 44 70 11 41 69 18 43

Uttar Pradesh 72 15 44 69 11 41 72 14 43

West Bengal 81 21 51 77 24 50 80 22 51

A & N Islands 83 20 53 83 23 54 83 21 53

Chandigarh 81 17 54 78 22 50 78 22 50


xxvi



Daman & Diu 78 31 56 91 26 69 90 27 67

Lakshadweep 80 12 47 71 10 35 74 10 38

Puducherry 74 8 39 73 19 45 73 16 43

all-India 75 26 51 74 20 47 75 24 50


xxvii

Exhibit 12: Unemployment Rate (UR) (in %) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each State/UT age groups: 15-59 years



Andhra Pradesh 5 3 4 6 9 7 5 4 5


Assam 8 14 9 6 12 7 8 14 8

Bihar 8 2 7 10 6 10 8 3 8

Chhattisgarh 3 2 3 6 12 8 4 3 4

Delhi 4 0 4 10 11 10 10 11 10

Goa 11 22 15 7 31 15 9 27 15

Gujarat 6 4 6 4 5 5 5 4 5

Haryana 10 10 10 6 12 7 8 11 9


Jammu & Kashmir 4 6 5 7 24 11 5 9 6

Jharkhand 8 4 7 11 12 11 9 6 8

Karnataka 5 4 4 7 8 7 5 5 5

Kerala 7 21 11 8 29 15 7 25 13

Madhya Pradesh 5 1 4 8 7 8 6 2 5

Maharashtra 4 3 4 7 12 8 5 6 5

xxviii



Manipur 11 18 12 12 14 12 11 17 12

Meghalaya 0 1 1 6 9 7 1 2 2

Mizoram 6 9 7 13 19 15 9 14 11

Nagaland 21 34 23 17 37 22 20 35 23

Odisha 8 6 8 8 13 9 8 7 8

Punjab 8 11 8 7 14 8 8 12 8

Rajasthan 6 1 5 7 10 8 6 3 5

Sikkim 2 4 3 4 10 6 3 5 4

Tamil Nadu 10 7 9 7 10 7 8 8 8

Telangana 8 5 7 9 13 10 8 8 8

Tripura 7 8 7 6 20 9 7 12 7

Uttarakhand 7 8 7 7 24 10 7 11 8

Uttar Pradesh 7 2 6 10 11 10 8 3 7

West Bengal 5 2 4 7 6 7 5 3 5

A & N Islands 7 39 15 4 48 18 6 43 16

Chandigarh 4 1 4 6 22 10 6 21 10


xxix



Daman & Diu 9 0 6 2 4 3 3 3 3

Lakshadweep 11 27 14 13 57 26 13 51 22

Puducherry 6 37 11 8 18 11 8 22 11

All-India 6 4 6 7 11 8 7 6 7


xxx

Exhibit 13:Sectoral distribution of workers: 2017-18 (State-wise)

State

Agriculture,

forestry and

fishing

Mining &

quarrying Manufacturing

Electricity,

Gas & other

utilities

Construction

Trade

&

Repair

Accommodation &

Food service

activities

Transport, Storage

& Communication

Financial &

insurance

activities

Real

Estate

Other

Services

Andhra

Pradesh 49.78 0.44 9.73 0.52 10.02 8.25 2.63 6.47 0.89 0.24 11.03

Bihar 45.10 0.07 8.93 0.09 16.30 11.83 1.85 4.13 0.90 0.18 10.62

Chhattisgarh 67.50 0.50 4.40 1.08 9.31 6.20 1.16 2.09 0.40 0.06 7.30

Goa 8.47 0.98 18.03 2.18 8.89 12.70 8.10 8.48 3.33 1.02 27.82

Gujarat 42.43 0.35 20.04 0.78 6.16 10.84 1.33 6.87 1.42 0.11 9.67

Haryana 27.41 0.17 19.50 1.24 12.93 11.65 0.92 9.55 1.46 0.62 14.55

Jharkhand 46.75 1.48 8.69 0.45 18.54 7.92 1.61 4.37 0.55 0.20 9.43

Karnataka 45.72 0.31 12.29 0.51 7.92 8.91 2.91 8.45 1.24 0.44 11.28

Kerala 19.85 0.26 11.31 0.65 19.11 14.02 2.74 10.68 2.97 0.22 18.21

Madhya

Pradesh 60.59 0.51 6.10 0.56 11.45 6.98 0.89 2.84 0.87 0.08 9.12

Maharashtra 47.79 0.13 11.74 0.42 5.75 9.35 1.69 6.81 1.80 0.15 14.38

Odisha 48.76 1.17 7.42 0.56 17.29 8.54 1.18 4.81 0.53 0.12 9.62

Punjab 26.04 0.12 18.88 0.78 13.32 15.19 1.57 5.40 1.62 0.18 16.91

Rajasthan 49.57 1.72 9.06 0.93 14.35 8.28 1.17 3.76 0.71 0.33 10.13

Tamil Nadu 27.74 0.37 19.45 0.87 14.23 10.92 2.96 8.71 1.53 0.33 12.89

xxxi

State

Agriculture,

forestry and

fishing

Mining &

quarrying Manufacturing

Electricity,

Gas & other

utilities

Construction

Trade

&

Repair

Accommodation &

Food service

activities

Transport, Storage

& Communication

Financial &

insurance

activities

Real

Estate

Other

Services

Telangana 43.43 0.58 12.29 0.71 9.00 8.80 1.27 8.71 1.56 0.31 13.33

Uttar Pradesh 48.75 0.08 11.38 0.44 13.49 10.85 1.83 4.12 0.48 0.16 8.41

West Bengal 36.56 0.36 17.80 0.30 11.55 11.11 2.28 6.36 0.68 0.14 12.86

India 44.14 0.41 12.13 0.59 11.67 10.09 1.87 5.92 1.05 0.21 11.90


xxxii

Exhibit 14: Labour force participation rate (LFPR) (in %) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each State/UT age groups: 15-29

year



Andhra Pradesh 69.60 37.30 53.00 59.10 26.70 40.70 66.30 33.40 48.80

Arunachal Pradesh 32.60 16.60 26.50 28.50 11.90 20.90 32.00 15.60 25.50

Assam 62.80 10.70 36.50 55.30 16.00 36.20 62.00 11.20 36.50

Bihar 43.60 01.60 24.50 39.70 02.70 23.20 43.30 01.70 24.40

Chhattisgarh 61.60 37.80 50.10 60.50 21.00 41.20 61.40 34.40 48.30

Delhi 60.40 00.60 33.30 59.70 12.70 38.80 59.70 12.40 38.70

Goa 71.90 44.10 58.70 56.50 40.20 48.90 63.00 41.90 53.10

Gujarat 66.30 17.50 44.60 65.30 16.90 41.60 65.90 17.20 43.40

Haryana 60.10 12.80 38.80 61.10 11.50 38.20 60.50 12.30 38.60

Himachal Pradesh 54.20 36.60 45.20 61.90 17.60 44.40 55.40 34.70 45.10

Jammu & Kashmir 54.10 24.90 40.80 55.60 24.70 40.90 54.40 24.90 40.80

Jharkhand 60.30 12.00 36.90 43.90 11.30 27.60 57.10 11.90 35.00

Karnataka 62.40 18.00 40.80 59.90 18.50 38.90 61.40 18.20 40.00

Kerala 55.10 20.80 37.20 48.40 27.60 37.80 52.20 23.60 37.40

Madhya Pradesh 67.00 21.90 46.00 60.50 15.90 39.30 65.40 20.40 44.40

Maharashtra 55.40 23.40 40.40 57.80 19.00 38.70 56.40 21.50 39.70

xxxiii



Manipur 46.90 21.20 34.80 37.70 19.50 28.70 44.50 20.70 33.20

Meghalaya 53.80 36.10 44.20 42.20 23.90 33.00 51.20 33.60 41.80

Mizoram 58.80 27.40 43.20 46.90 25.40 35.70 53.30 26.40 39.60

Nagaland 47.00 18.30 34.40 38.20 23.60 30.80 44.80 19.90 33.40

Odisha 64.00 16.40 38.00 55.30 15.20 33.60 62.60 16.20 37.30

Punjab 59.30 09.30 36.80 65.40 18.50 44.60 61.50 12.70 39.70

Rajasthan 56.90 20.60 39.50 54.40 10.70 34.90 56.30 18.20 38.40

Sikkim 54.60 29.40 42.80 58.30 32.70 46.70 55.90 30.50 44.10

Tamil Nadu 64.50 25.80 45.40 64.00 26.20 44.60 64.30 26.00 45.00

Telangana 59.30 24.50 42.80 60.00 22.00 40.20 59.60 23.40 41.70

Tripura 57.60 06.20 34.10 53.30 18.30 35.70 56.80 08.60 34.40

Uttarakhand 43.10 12.20 27.40 47.20 13.50 31.10 44.40 12.60 28.50

Uttar Pradesh 58.20 07.60 33.40 57.60 08.70 34.80 58.00 07.80 33.70

West Bengal 67.20 14.80 40.20 61.50 20.40 41.60 65.40 16.30 40.60

A & N Islands 70.20 33.70 52.90 66.90 44.30 55.90 68.80 38.30 54.20

Chandigarh 54.60 09.90 32.40 64.70 26.00 45.10 64.40 25.50 44.70

Dadra & Nagar Haveli 79.80 47.50 61.40 78.40 18.10 52.50 78.90 33.00 56.40

xxxiv



Daman & Diu 74.90 25.00 53.30 89.00 06.10 77.10 87.80 11.70 74.10

Lakshadweep 77.50 36.80 60.30 53.20 36.10 42.30 63.80 36.30 48.20

Puducherry 33.30 16.40 23.00 55.80 23.50 38.80 49.40 21.00 33.70

all-India 58.90 15.90 38.10 58.50 17.50 38.50 58.80 16.40 38.20


xxxv

Exhibit 15: Worker Population Ratio (WPR) (in %) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each State/UT age groups: 15-29 years



Andhra Pradesh 58.80 33.80 46.00 47.10 19.50 31.40 55.00 28.50 40.90


Assam 46.60 06.60 26.40 45.00 11.10 28.60 46.40 07.00 26.70

Bihar 33.80 01.40 19.10 28.40 01.70 16.50 33.30 01.40 18.80

Chhattisgarh 56.10 35.60 46.20 49.90 14.30 32.50 54.90 31.30 43.50

Delhi 54.00 00.60 29.80 46.40 09.70 30.10 46.60 09.50 30.10

Goa 51.90 25.50 39.40 48.40 23.30 36.70 49.90 24.20 37.80

Gujarat 56.20 15.10 38.00 58.20 15.20 37.10 57.00 15.20 37.60

Haryana 46.90 09.00 29.80 53.10 07.30 32.00 49.10 08.40 30.60


Jammu & Kashmir 47.80 21.10 35.70 45.30 15.20 30.90 47.30 19.80 34.70

Jharkhand 48.50 10.60 30.10 30.40 07.80 19.10 44.90 10.00 27.90

Karnataka 53.40 14.90 34.70 50.10 15.00 32.30 52.00 15.00 33.70

Kerala 43.80 07.90 25.10 35.10 09.60 22.10 40.10 08.60 23.80

Madhya Pradesh 59.30 20.80 41.40 49.40 12.30 31.80 56.90 18.70 39.00

Maharashtra 48.70 20.60 35.50 48.00 14.30 31.40 48.40 17.80 33.70

xxxvi



Manipur 31.40 12.60 22.50 23.40 12.80 18.10 29.30 12.70 21.30

Meghalaya 53.30 34.90 43.30 34.80 17.70 26.20 49.10 31.40 39.60

Mizoram 47.70 21.80 34.80 30.00 12.80 21.10 39.50 17.40 28.30

Nagaland 22.40 05.70 15.10 19.60 08.10 13.80 21.70 06.50 14.70

Odisha 47.80 13.60 29.20 43.20 09.80 25.20 47.00 13.00 28.50

Punjab 47.10 05.30 28.30 54.50 12.60 35.90 49.90 08.00 31.10

Rajasthan 47.80 19.80 34.40 45.70 07.10 28.50 47.30 16.80 32.90

Sikkim 50.90 24.70 38.70 52.20 26.90 40.70 51.40 25.50 39.40

Tamil Nadu 44.90 18.90 32.10 51.50 19.50 35.10 47.90 19.20 33.50

Telangana 47.10 19.30 33.90 44.30 15.60 29.30 46.00 17.70 32.00

Tripura 47.00 04.70 27.70 44.40 09.90 27.10 46.50 05.80 27.60

Uttarakhand 31.70 08.40 19.90 36.60 07.10 22.50 33.30 08.00 20.70

Uttar Pradesh 48.50 07.10 28.20 46.20 06.20 27.60 47.90 06.90 28.10

West Bengal 58.80 14.10 35.80 50.30 16.60 34.00 56.20 14.80 35.30

A & N Islands 54.60 07.20 32.20 60.20 12.20 36.90 56.90 09.40 34.10

Chandigarh 45.20 09.40 27.40 58.20 19.70 38.70 57.80 19.40 38.40


xxxvii



Daman & Diu 55.70 25.00 42.40 85.10 00.00 72.80 82.60 07.50 69.00

Lakshadweep 53.60 26.40 42.10 27.90 07.30 14.70 39.10 11.90 23.60

Puducherry 19.40 05.10 10.70 43.50 14.00 28.00 36.70 10.80 22.40

all-India 48.60 13.80 31.80 47.60 12.80 30.60 48.30 13.50 31.40


xxxviii

Exhibit 16: Unemployment Rate (UR) (in %) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each State/UT age groups: 15-29 years

State/UT

Rural Urban Rural + Urban


Andhra Pradesh 15.60 09.30 13.40 20.40 26.90 22.80 17.00 14.50 16.10


Assam 25.70 38.50 27.60 18.60 30.20 21.10 25.10 37.30 27.00

Bihar 22.50 11.80 22.20 28.40 38.20 28.90 23.00 15.70 22.80

Chhattisgarh 08.90 05.90 07.80 17.60 31.80 21.10 10.60 09.10 10.10

Delhi 10.60 00.00 10.50 22.40 23.60 22.50 22.10 23.50 22.20

Goa 27.80 42.00 32.90 14.30 42.20 25.00 20.80 42.10 28.70

Gujarat 15.20 13.60 14.90 10.90 10.00 10.70 13.50 12.00 13.30

Haryana 22.00 29.40 23.10 13.10 36.10 16.30 18.90 31.60 20.70


Jammu & Kashmir 11.60 15.10 12.60 18.60 38.70 24.40 13.10 20.20 15.00

Jharkhand 19.60 11.50 18.40 30.90 31.50 31.00 21.30 15.50 20.40

Karnataka 14.40 16.80 14.90 16.50 18.90 17.10 15.20 17.80 15.80

Kerala 20.50 61.70 32.50 27.40 65.20 41.50 23.30 63.40 36.30

Madhya Pradesh 11.40 04.80 10.00 18.40 22.90 19.30 13.00 08.40 12.00

Maharashtra 12.10 12.30 12.10 17.00 24.60 18.90 14.20 17.10 15.00

xxxix



Manipur 33.20 40.60 35.30 37.90 34.50 36.80 34.20 39.00 35.70

Meghalaya 01.00 03.30 02.00 17.60 25.80 20.60 04.10 06.50 05.10

Mizoram 19.00 20.70 19.50 35.70 49.60 40.80 25.80 34.20 28.60

Nagaland 52.50 68.60 56.20 48.60 65.50 55.20 51.60 67.50 56.00

Odisha 25.30 16.70 23.30 21.90 35.30 25.20 24.80 19.50 23.60

Punjab 20.50 43.50 23.10 16.60 32.20 19.50 18.90 37.40 21.60

Rajasthan 16.10 03.90 13.00 16.10 33.80 18.50 16.10 08.10 14.30

Sikkim 06.70 15.90 09.70 10.50 17.90 12.80 08.10 16.60 10.80

Tamil Nadu 30.30 26.70 29.30 19.60 25.60 21.40 25.40 26.20 25.60

Telangana 20.60 21.10 20.80 26.20 29.20 27.00 22.80 24.50 23.30

Tripura 18.40 23.50 18.90 16.70 45.90 24.20 18.20 33.10 19.90

Uttarakhand 26.30 30.80 27.40 22.40 47.80 27.70 25.00 36.10 27.50

Uttar Pradesh 16.70 05.90 15.50 19.80 29.00 20.90 17.40 11.20 16.70

West Bengal 12.50 04.60 11.00 18.30 18.20 18.30 14.20 09.30 13.20

A & N Islands 22.20 78.60 39.20 10.00 72.40 34.10 17.20 75.50 37.00

Chandigarh 17.20 04.90 15.30 10.00 24.10 14.10 10.20 23.90 14.10


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Daman & Diu 25.60 00.00 20.40 04.40 100.00 05.50 06.00 36.30 06.80

Lakshadweep 30.90 28.30 30.30 47.60 79.80 65.20 38.80 67.20 50.90

Puducherry 41.60 68.70 53.40 22.00 40.70 28.00 25.70 48.40 33.50

all-India 17.40 13.60 16.60 18.70 27.20 20.60 17.80 17.90 17.80


xli

Exhibit 17: Birth rate and death rate (1971 to 2017) vis-à-vis India (Rural, Urban, Total)

Birth Rate

Year 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2017

Punjab 34% 32% 30% 29% 28% 24% 21% 18% 16% 15%

India 37% 34% 34% 33% 30% 28% 25% 24% 22% 20%

Death Rate

Year 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2017

Punjab 10% 11% 9% 8% 8% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7%

India 15% 15% 13% 11% 10% 9% 8% 8% 7% 6%

Source: SRS

xlii

Exhibit 18:Sex ratio (2005-07 to 2015-17) vis-à-vis India (Rural, Urban, Total)

Total

2005-07 2006-08 2007-09 2008-10 2009-11 2010-12 2011-13 2012-14 2013-15 2014-16 2015-17

Punjab 837 836 836 832 841 863 867 870 889 893 886

India 901 904 906 905 906 908 909 906 900 898 896

Rural

State 2005-07 2006-08 2007-09 2008-10 2009-11 2010-12 2011-13 2012-14 2013-15 2014-16 2015-17

Punjab 827 827 828 822 829 856 861 863 869 876 874

India 904 907 909 907 907 909 910 907 903 902 898

Urban

State 2005-07 2006-08 2007-09 2008-10 2009-11 2010-12 2011-13 2012-14 2013-15 2014-16 2015-17

Punjab 855 852 851 852 863 875 878 881 924 921 905

India 891 894 897 898 900 904 906 905 890 888 890

Source: SRS

xliii

Exhibit 19:No. of job seekers on the live register of employment exchanges

Category 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 (up to

June)

Educated 264,181 250,486 229,964 223,004 235,681 233,613

Technical 56,138 58,119 55,536 59,289 58,574 53,619

Graduate Engineers 1,541 1,720 1,503 2,361 2,479 2,933

Diploma Engineers 6,375 6,603 7,504 8,773 9,126 9,079

ITI Trained Craftsman 21,506 24,041 20,850 22,580 21,895 19,493

Other Craftsman 1,305 1,130 1,348 1,382 1,349 1,292

Allopathic Doctors 49 63 45 61 64 51

Other Doctors 236 144 148 144 141 93

Pera medical Personnel 2,434 2,362 2,040 2,034 2,082 1,814

Agricultural Experts 65 61 82 47 46 25

Veterinary Graduate 12 37 37 34 33 28

Dairy Graduate 27 34 - - - -

Teacher (B.ED. & M.Ed) 20,200 19,749 19,911 19,774 19,307 16,729

Teacher (Others) 1,788 1,749 1,712 1,728 345 438

Non Technical (Freshers) 208,043 192,367 174,428 1,637,156 162,443 149,920

Graduates 19,019 18,723 18,218 17,858 17,126 15,478

xliv

Category 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 (up to

June)

Post Graduates 9,844 9,680 6,723 6,008 6,117 6,429

Matriculates & Under Graduates 179,180 163,964 149,487 139,849 139,200 128,013

All Others 97,118 90,854 88,292 75,669 73,238 65,995

Total No. of Job Seekers on Live 361,299 341,340 318,256 298,673 294,255 269,534


xlv

Exhibit 20:Rainfall trends

Annual average Rainfall by Districts in Punjab

District FY 2017-18 Rainfall (mm) Departure of annual rainfall (%)

Gurdaspur 1273.3 15%

Amritsar 579.8 -19%

Tarn Taran 270.5 -39%

Kapurthala 731.7 30%

Jalandhar 459.9 -35%

S.B.S. Nagar 1048.6 2%

Hoshiarpur 509.3 -43%

Rupnagar 1022.7 10%

S.A.S. Nagar 670.4 -18%

Ludhiana 575.2 -16%

Firozpur 93.7 -79%

Sri Muktsar Sahib 329.7 -17%

Moga 534.3 16%

Bathinda 356.8 -13%

Sangrur 300.6 -46%

Patiala 542.2 -27%

xlvi

Annual average Rainfall by Districts in Punjab

District FY 2017-18 Rainfall (mm) Departure of annual rainfall (%)

Fatehgarh Sahib 496.7 -22%

Faridkot 342.2 NA

Mansa 264.5 NA

Barnala 338.8 NA

Source: Statistical Abstract 2018, IMD *NA: Not Available

xlvii

Exhibit 21:Cropping intensity over the years

Year Crop intensity (%)

1990-91 177.9

1991-92 178.4

1992-93 182.5

1993-94 180.9

1994-95 182.7

1995-96 187.3

1996-97 184.9

1997-98 184.8

1998-99 186.3

1999-00 186.4

2000-01 186.8

2001-02 186.7

2002-03 185

2003-04 186.5

2004-05 188.8

2005-06 187.7

2006-07 187.9

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Year Crop intensity (%)

2007-08 188

2008-09 189.8

2009-10 189.4

2010-11 189.6

2011-12 191.2

2012-13 189.6

2013-14 189.3

2014-15 190.8

2015-16* 190.3

2016-17* 189

Source: https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=18845, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India.

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Exhibit 22:Livestock population

Livestock Population (000) Percentage share of total Livestock

Year 2003 2012 2019 2003 2012 2019

Cross Bred Cattle 1531 2064.63 2047.46 17.8% 25.4% 29.3%

Indigenous Cattle 508 363.09 425.87 5.9% 4.5% 6.1%

Buffalo 5995 5159.73 4015.95 69.6% 63.6% 57.4%

Others 47 41.63 502.94 0.5% 0.5% 7.2%

Total 8608 8117.1 6992.22 100.0% 100.0% 100%

Source: Livestock Census, multiple years

l

Exhibit 23:District wise agriculture markets

District Number of regulated markets

Total 154

Sangrur 15

Ludhiana 13

Jalandhar 12

Gurdaspur 10

Bathinda 10

Patiala 9

Amritsar 8

Tarn Taran 8

Firozpur 9

Moga 8

Mansa 6

Kapurthala 5

Hoshiarpur 5

S.A.S. Nagar 5

Barnala 5

Fatehgarh Sahib 5

li

District Number of regulated markets

Rupnagar 4

Fazilka 4

Faridkot 4

Shri Muktsar Sahib 4

S.B.S. Nagar 3

Pathankot 2

Source: Statistical Abstract 2019, Punjab

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Exhibit 24:Number of MSMEs by state

S.No. State/UT Estimated Number of MSMEs

Number (in lac) Share (in %)

1 Uttar Pradesh 89.99 14

2 West Bengal 88.67 14

3 Tamil Nadu 49.48 8

4 Maharashtra 47.78 8

5 Karnataka 38.34 6

6 Bihar 34.46 5

7 Andhra Pradesh 33.87 5

8 Gujarat 33.16 5

9 Rajasthan 26.87 4

10 Madhya Pradesh 26.74 4

11 Total of above ten States 469.36 74

12 Other States/UTs 164.52 26

13 All 633.88 100

Source: Annual Report 2018-19 MSMEs

liii

Exhibit 25:GVA by top industries: 2015-16 to 2016-17

NIC Activity GVA (FY 2015-16) GVA (FY 2016-17)

Manufacturing 2671535 2914333

101 Processing and preserving of meat 13414 12122

103 Processing and preserving of Fruits and Vegetables 166093 164137

104 Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats 21593 21417

105 Manufacture of Dairy Products 49563 54815

106 Manufacture of grain mill products, starches and starch products 88217 192285

107 Manufacture of Other Food Products 50941 92745

108 Manufacture of prepared animal feeds 9093 12640

110 Manufacture of beverages 57200 64587

Food Processing 367897 614748

131 Spinning, weaving and finishing of textiles 393767 306331

139 Manufacture of other textiles 98260 96344

141 Manufacture of wearing apparel, except fur apparel 28381 27747

143 Manufacture of knitted and crocheted apparel 119649 129338

Textiles and Wearing Apparel 640057 559760

151 Tanning and dressing of leather; manufacture of luggage, handbags, saddlery

and harness; dressing and dyeing of fur 31185 -6797

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NIC Activity GVA (FY 2015-16) GVA (FY 2016-17)

152 Manufacture of footwear 8313 7876

Leather and Footwear 39498 1079

161 Saw milling and planing of wood 168 235

162 Manufacture of products of wood, cork, straw and plaiting materials 5971 7208

170 Manufacture of paper and paper products 74227 104576

Wood Related Products 80366 112019

243 Casting of metals 33962 38423

259 Manufacture of other fabricated metal products; metalworking service

activities 113710 128288

273 Manufacture of wiring and wiring devices 3679 2808

274 Manufacture of electric lighting equipment 6258 5070

275 Manufacture of domestic appliances 47740 67534

279 Manufacture of other electrical equipment 2478 4120

293 Manufacture of parts and accessories for motor vehicles 107582 112029

Light Engineering Goods 315409 358272

323 Manufacture of sports goods 21968 24724

Source: ASI

lv

Exhibit 26:Annual tourist footfall: Domestic and Foreigners

Sr. No. Year Domestic Foreign Total

1 2009 53,69,995 1,10,404 54,80,399

2 2010 1,05,83,509 1,37,122 1,07,20,631

3 2011 1,64,16,638 1,50,958 1,65,67,596

4 2012 1,90,56,143 1,43,805 1,91,19,948

5 2013 2,13,40,888 2,04,074 2,15,44,962

6 2014 2,42,71,302 2,55,449 2,45,26,751

7 2015 2,57,96,361 2,42,367 2,60,38,728

8 2016 3,87,03,325 6,59,736 3,93,63,061

9 2017 4,02,93,352 11,08,635 4,14,01,987

10 2018 4,45,95,061 12,00,969 4,57,96,030

Source: http://punjabtourism.gov.in/Punjab.html#/StatisticsSurveys

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Exhibit 27:District-wise urbanisation rate

Level Name Urban Households Urban Population

Person

Total Households

(Urban+ Rural)

Total Population

(Urban+ Rural) Urbanisation rate

State PUNJAB 2,154,958 10,399,146 5,513,071 27,743,338 37%

District Gurdaspur 131,366 659,319 443,666 2,298,323 29%

District Kapurthala 60,279 282,462 167,989 815,168 35%

District Jalandhar 247,953 1,161,171 461,635 2,193,590 53%

District Hoshiarpur 72,163 334,969 336,994 1,586,625 21%

District Shahid Bhagat Singh

Nagar 26,734 125,416 129,500 612,310 20%

District Fatehgarh Sahib 39,103 185,482 118,100 600,163 31%

District Ludhiana 436,030 2,069,708 716,826 3,498,739 59%

District Moga 45,958 227,246 193,256 995,746 23%

District Firozpur 109,027 552,556 385,994 2,029,074 27%

District Muktsar 50,236 252,191 174,360 901,896 28%

District Faridkot 44,165 217,051 120,893 617,508 35%

District Bathinda 102,610 499,217 273,902 1,388,525 36%

District Mansa 32,398 163,604 149,630 769,751 21%

District Patiala 158,036 763,280 372,293 1,895,686 40%

District Amritsar 273,905 1,334,611 488,898 2,490,656 54%

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Level Name Urban Households Urban Population

Person

Total Households

(Urban+ Rural)

Total Population

(Urban+ Rural) Urbanisation rate

District Tarn Taran 26,752 141,795 203,421 1,119,627 13%

District Rupnagar 37,808 177,807 135,635 684,627 26%

District Sahibzada Ajit Singh

Nagar 120,288 544,611 205,411 994,628 55%

District Sangrur 101,006 515,965 318,870 1,655,169 31%

District Barnala 39,141 190,685 115,798 595,527 32%

Source: Census 2011

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Exhibit 28:Punjab’s score on individual SDG indicators (2019-20) vis-à-vis India

S. No Goal Area Target India Punjab

1

Goal 1

Population living below National Poverty line (%) 10.95 21.92 8.26

2 Households with any usual member covered by any health scheme or health insurance

(%) 100 28.7 21.2

3 Persons provided employment as a percentage of persons who demanded employment

under MGNREGA (%) 100 85.26 76.12

4 Proportion of the population (out of total eligible population) receiving social

protection benefits under Maternity Benefit (%) 100 36.4 19.1

5 Households living in kutcha houses (rural + urban) (%) 0 4.2 0.5

6

Goal 2

Ratio of rural households covered under public distribution system to rural households

where monthly income of highest earning member is less than Rs.5000 1.29 1.01 0.95

7 Children under age 5 years who are stunted (%) 2.5 34.7 24.3

8 Pregnant women aged 15-49 yrs who are anaemic (11.0g/dl) (%) 25.15 50.3 42

9 Children aged 6-59 months who are anaemic (Hb<11.0 g/dl) (%) 14 40.5 39.8

10 Children aged 0-4 years who are underweight (%) 0.9 33.4 19.7

11 Rice wheat and coarse cereals produced annually per unit area (Kg/Ha) 5033.34 2516.67 4169.67

12 Gross Value Added in Agriculture per worker 1.36 0.68 2.4

13

Goal 3

Maternal Mortality Ratio 70 122 122

14 Proportion of institutional deliveries (%) 100 54.7 62.6

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15 Under-five mortality rate per 1000 live births 25 50 33

16 Fully immunised children in the age group 0-5 years (%) 100 59.2 61.8

17 Total case notification rate of Tuberculosis per 1 lac population 0 160 182

18 HIV Incidence per 1000 uninfected population 0 0.07 0.07

19 Currently married women aged 15-49 years who use any modern method of family

planning (%) 100 47.8 66.3

20 Total physicians nurses and midwives per 10000 population 45 38 56

21

Goal 4

Adjusted Net Enrolment Ratio at Elementary (Class 1-8) and Secondary (Class 9-10)

education (%) 100 75.83 78.56

22 Children in the age group of 6-13 who are out of school (%) 0 2.97 2.28

23 Average Annual Drop-out rate at secondary level (%) 10 19.89 8.6

24

Percentage of students in grade III V VIII and X achieving at least a minimum

proficiency level in terms of nationally defined learning outcomes to be attained by

pupils at the end of each of above grades

100 71.03 63.94

25 Gross Enrolment Ratio in Higher education (18-23 years) (%) 50 26.3 29.5

26 Gender Parity Index for Higher education (18-23 years) 1 1 1.35

27 Disabled children (5-19 Years) attending educational institution (%) 100 61.18 60.22

28 Proportion of trained teacher by education level (elementary secondary) (%) 100 78.84 99.14

29 Percentage of schools with Pupil Teacher ratio less than/equal to 30 (%) 100 70.43 86.01

30 Goal 5 Sex Ratio at Birth (female per 1000 male) 954 896 886

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31 Female to male ratio of average wage/salary earnings received during the preceding

calendar month among regular wage salaried employees (rural+urban) 1 0.78 0.96

32 Rate of crimes against women per 100000 female population 0 57.9 34.1

33 Married women aged 15-49 who have ever experienced spousal violence (%) 0 33.3 21.2

34 Proportion of sexual crime against girl children to total crime against children during

the calendar year (%) 0 59.97 57.74

35 Seats won by women in the general elections to state legislative assembly (%) 50 8.32 5.13

36 Female labour force participation rate (LFPR) (%) 100 17.5 12.3

37 Operational land holdings - gender wise (%) 50 13.96 0.01169

38

Goal 6

Households having improved source of drinking water (%) 100 95.5 99.9

39 Rural households with individual household toilets (%) 100 100 100

40 Urban households with individual household toilet (%) 100 97.22 75.13

41 Districts verified to be Open Defecation Free (%) 100 88.41 90.91

42 Proportion of schools with separate toilet facility for girls (%) 100 97.43 99.77

43 Percentage of industries (17 category of highly polluting industries/ grossly polluting/

red category of industries complying with waste water treatment as per CPCB norms 100 87.62 76.03

44 Blocks over-exploited (%) 0 18.01 78.99

45 Goal 7 Households electrified (%) 100 99.99 100

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46 Households using clean cooking fuel (LPG) (%) 100 61.4 84.8

47

Goal 8

Annual growth rate of Net Domestic Product (NDP) per capita 7.5 5.66 4.71

48 Ease of doing business score (EODB) 100 67.23 54.36

49 Unemployment rate (%) 0 6 7.7

50 Labour Force Participation Rate (%) 100 49.8 46.5

51 Number of banking outlets per 100000 population 28.1 12.48 22.97

52 Households with a bank account (%) 100 99.99 100

53 Proportion of women account holders under PMJDY 0.5 0.53 0.49

54

Goal 9

Targeted habitations connected by all-weather roads under Pradhan Mantri Gram

Sadak Yojana (%) 100 69.89 0

55 Manufacturing employment as a proportion of total employment (%) 20 12.13 18.88

56 Number of mobile connections per 100 persons in rural and urban area (Mobile Tele

density) 100 88.41 122.79

57 Number of Internet Subscribers per 100 population 100 48.48 84.1

58

Goal 10

Growth rates of household expenditure per capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the

population in rural India (%) 15.59 13.61 23.13

59 Growth rates of household expenditure per capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the

population in urban India (%) 11.27 13.35 19.52

60 Gini Coefficient of Household Expenditure in Rural India 0 0.283 0.277

61 Gini Coefficient of Household Expenditure in Urban India 0 0.363 0.31

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62 Proportion of seats held by women in Panchayati Raj Institutions (%) 50 46.14 34.58

63 Proportion of SC/ST persons in state legislative assemblies (%) - 28.33 29.06

64 Ratio of transgender labour force participation rate to male labour force participation

rate 1 0.64 0.2

65 Scheduled Caste Sub Plan fund utilised (%) 100 77.67 72.46

66 Tribal Sub Plan fund utilised (%) 100 82.98 -

67

Goal 11

Houses completed under PMAY as a percentage of net demand assessment for houses 100 31.01 28.12

68 Urban households living in slums (%) 0 5.41 5.26

69 Wards with 100% door to door waste collection (%) 100 90.99 97.45

70 Waste processed (%) 100 56 53

71 Installed sewage treatment capacity as a proportion of sewage generated in urban areas 1 0.38 0.75

72

Goal 12

Groundwater withdrawal against availability (%) 70 63.33 165.77

73 Percentage use of nitrogen fertilizer out of total NPK (Nitrogen Phosphorous

Potassium) 57 64.49 76.8

74 Per capita hazard waste generated 0 0.0057 0.004

75 Ratio of processed quantity of hazard waste sent to recycle to hazard waste generated 1 0.04 0.1245

76 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) treated against MSW generated (%) 100 20.75 0.08

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77 Installed Capacity of Grid Interactive Bio Power per 100000 population 2.11 0.75795 1.09766

78 Wards with 100% source segregation (%) 100 67.76 79.15

79

Goal 13

Number of human lives lost per 10000000 population due to extreme weather events 0 16 1

80 Renewable share of installed generating capacity (%) 40 35.22 38.87

81 Co2 saved from LED bulbs per 1000 population 165.29 28.74 4.95

82 Installed capacity of solar power as proportion of installed grid interactive renewable

power (%) 57 24.3 18.01

83

Goal 14

Percentage increase in use of nitrogen fertilizers in the coastal states - 0.35 -

84 Coastal Water Quality Index - - -

85 Percentage increase in area under mangroves - 3.82 -

86 Average marine acidity (pH) measured at representative sampling stations in the shore

zone - - -

87 Percentage of available potential area developed under coastal aquaculture - 11 -

88

Goal 15

Total land area covered under forest (%) - 21.54 3.65

89 Tree cover as a proportion of geographical area (%) - 2.85 3.22

90 Combined Indicator (15.1+15.2) 33 24.39 6.87

91 Decadal change in extent of water bodies within forests from 2005 to 2015 (%) 0 18.24 23.33

92 Percentage increase in area of desertification 0 1.98 55.35

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93 Number of wildlife crime cases detected and reported anually 0 239 17

94

Goal 16

Reported murders per 1 lac population 1.1 2.22 2.24

95 Proportion of population subjected to physical psychological or sexual violence in the

previous 12 months 0 33.12 18.8

96 Reported cognizable crimes against children per 1 lac population 0 28.9 24.3

97 Number of victims of human trafficking per 100000 population by sex age and form

of exploitation 0 0.46 0.03

98 Estimated number of courts per 10 Lac persons 33.76 12.83 24.13

99 Cases Reported under Prevention of Corruption Act & Related Sections of IPC per

100000 population 0.16 0.32 0.57

100 Births registered (%) 100 86 106.59

101 Population covered under Aadhaar (%) 100 88.8 100.84

Source: Niti Aayog SDG Index 2019-20

lxv

Exhibit 29:Breakdown of Punjab’s budget (2011-12 to 2019-20) (in Rs. Crores)

S. No Item 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

(RE)

2019-20

(BE)

1 Revenue Receipts 26234 32051 35103 39023 41523 47985 53010 70399 78510

1.1 Share of Central

Taxes 3554 4058 4431 4703 8009 9600 10617 12009 13319

1.2 Grants from Centre 2441 2775 3401 5870 4174 4776 7651 15718 18039

1.3 State’s own Tax

Revenue 18841 22587 24079 25570 26690 27747 30423 32742 37674

1.4 State’s Non- Tax

Revenue 1398 2629 3191 2880 2650 5863 4318 9930 9477

2 Revenue

Expenditure 33045 39457 41640 46613 50073 55296 62465 82318 90197

2.1

Salaries & Wages

including Grant in

Aid (Salary)

12064 13727 14496 16334 20550 21727 23211 25378 26979

2.2 Pension & other

retirement benefits 5657 5966 6277 7249 8386 8773 10208 10254 10875

2.3 Interest Payment 6280 6831 7820 8960 9904 11642 15334 16312 17669

2.4 Power Subsidy 3200 5059 4815 4642 4847 5601 6578 10719 12398

2.5

Devolution to

Rural/Urban Local

Bodies

747 543 529 604 706 918 1301 3542 5233

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S. No Item 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

(RE)

2019-20

(BE)

2.6 Others 3092 4266 4566 6047 5680 6635 5833 16114 17043

3 Revenue Deficit 6811 7406 6537 7590 8550 7311 9455 11919 11687

4 Capital Expenditure 1598 1915 2011 2939 3059 4346 2352 4872 22842

5 Loans & Advances

(net) 177 197 165 270 5751 41183 687 859 -14871

6 Fiscal Deficit 8491 9345 8790 10841 17360 52840 12494 17650 19658

7 Outstanding Debt 83099 92282 102234 112365 128835 182526 195153 212276 229612

8 GSDP 259223 285165 317556 368011 391543 429666 470137 518291 577829

9 RD as % of GSDP 2.63 2.60 2.06 2.06 2.18 1.69 2.01 2.30 2.02

10 FD as % of GSDP 3.28 3.28 2.77 2.95 4.43 12.30 2.65 3.41 3.40

11 Outstanding Debt as

% of GSDP 32.06 32.36 32.19 30.53 32.9 42.09 41.51 40.96 39.74

12 RD/FD % 80% 79% 74% 70% 49% 14% 76% 68% 59%

13

Interest

Payment/Revenue

Receipts %

24% 21% 22% 23% 24% 24% 29% 23% 23%

Source: AFS and Budget at a Glance Punjab

Punjab Economic Survey 2019-20 gzikp nkofEe - ESOPB

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